Gelnhausen

Gelnhausen
Coat of arms
Gelnhausen
Location of Gelnhausen within Main-Kinzig-Kreis district
Coordinates:
Country	Germany
State	Hesse
Admin. region	Darmstadt
District	Main-Kinzig-Kreis
Government
• Mayor	Thorsten Stolz (SPD)
Area
• Total	45.18 km2 (17.44 sq mi)
Population (2013-12-31)
• Total	22,099
• Density	490/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	63571
Dialling codes	06051
Vehicle registration	MKK, GN, SLÜ
Website	www.gelnhausen.de

Gelnhausen is a town and the capital of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located approximately 40 kilometers east of Frankfurt am Main, between the Vogelsberg mountains and the Spessart range at the river Kinzig. It is one of the eleven towns (urban municipalities) in the district. According to the Institut Géographique National from 1 January 2007 until July 2013 the geographic centre of the European Union was located on a wheat field outside the town at .

For a number of years, the town was home to the United States Army's Coleman Kaserne base. In 1996, the town hosted the 36th Hessentag state festival.

History

Imperial City of Gelnhausen
Reichsstadt Gelnhausen
Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
1170–1803
Capital		Gelnhausen
Government		Republic
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Founded by Frederick Barbarossa	1170
•	Pledged to Ld Hanau	1349–? 1170
•	Pledged to counties of Schwarzburg and Hohnstein	26 May 1349
•	Hohnstein share to Schwarzburg	22 July 1431
•	Schwarzburg sold to County of Hanau and Electorate of the Palatinate	26 May 1435
•	Hanau extinct; share to Lgvt Hesse-Kassel	28 March 1736
•	Palatinate share to Hesse-Kassel	1746 1803
•	Hesse-Kassel raised to electorate	1803
Preceded by Succeeded by Lordship of Hanau Lordship of Hanau County of Schwarzburg County of Hohnstein

Obermarkt

Monument to Philip Reis, an early telephone inventor

Gelnhausen was founded by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1170, it is therefore nicknamed "Barbarossastadt". The place was chosen because it was at the intersection of the Via Regia imperial road between Frankfurt and Leipzig and several other major trade routes. Frederick had three villages connected by streets and surrounded by a wall. At the same time Gelnhausen received town privileges and a Kaiserpfalz was erected on an island of the Kinzig river. The emperor also granted trade privileges like the staple right which forced traveling merchants to offer their goods in the town for three days.

Hence Gelnhausen initially was a thriving trade city and head of a league of 16 towns of the Wetterau region. However prosperity came to an end already in 1326 when Emperor Louis IV gave the town in pawn to the counts of Hanau, redeemed shortly afterwards. In 1349 Count Günther von Schwarzburg received Gelnhausen from Emperor Charles IV for renouncing his claims as elected King of the Romans, in condominium with the counts of Hohnstein, who sold their share to Schwarzburg in 1431. Schwarzburg was acquired in 1435 by Elector Palatine Louis III and the Hanau, since raised to a county.

Continued plundering in the Thirty Years' War as depicted by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen in his novel Simplicius Simplicissimus made it nearly uninhabitable. In 1736, the extinction of the comital line of Hanau meant the condominium share was inherited by the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, who acquired the Palatinate's share ten years later.

The varying lords made continued attempts to challenge Gelnhausen's imperial immediacy, it however formally remained a Reichsstadt. During the German Mediatisation of 1803 the city became a part of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, which was raised to an electorate and, after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, was annexed by Prussia. At this time Gelnhausen had completely recovered and with the Gründerzeit economic boom became a centre of the German rubber industry.

From the 1930s Gelnhausen was a garrison town of the German Wehrmacht and, after World War II, of the United States Army. The US Army closed Coleman Kaserne in 2007.

Transport

Gelnhausen lies directly along the German autobahn A66. Gelnhausen station is also on the Kinzig Valley Railway a major line between Frankfurt and Fulda. Regional services from Frankfurt to Fulda or Wächtersbach stops in Gelnhausen.

Main sights

Sights include:

• Medieval town center
• The castle, connected to the city's status as direct imperial palatinate town. It was erected at the time of Gelnhausen's foundation southeast of the town on an island in the Kinzig River. The groundwork is stabilized by 12,000 logs. Today it is the best preserved palatinate castle from this era, with remarkable masonry.
• The Marienkirche, the most recognizable symbol of Gelnhausen. It shows both Romanesque and Gothic architecture elements.
• The Catholic church of Saint Peter. Its origin lies in the early 13th century; rich citizens of Gelnhausen planned to erect a church within the town, causing a conflict with the Selbold monastery that owned the clerical patronage for Gelnhausen. This conflict was escalated up to Pope Gregory IX who decided in favour of the monastery. From the 13th to the 15th Century the church was used for weddings, baptisms, and funerals. After the Reformation, the building became property of the town. It subsequently decayed and was sold in 1830 to a local merchant. After the demolition of the second tower, a cigar factory was built in it. In 1920, the Catholic community of Gelnhausen bought the church and partly restored it over an 18-year period. A complete restoration took place in 1982–83.

Twin towns

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Gelnhausen is twinned with:

• Clamecy, France
• Marling, Italy

Gelnhausen on the Fairy Tale Road

Gelnhausen is situated between Hanau, the birthpace of the Brothers Grimm, and Steinau an der Strasse, where they spent most of their childhood. It is located on the German Fairy Tale Route, a tourist route.

Museums/Museen

Heimatmuseum

Das Gebäude der früheren Augusta-Schule auf der Nordseite des Obermarktes beherbergt das Heimatmuseum. Hier finden sich Ausstellungsstücke aus allen Epochen der Geschichte von Gelnhausen. Die ältesten Fundstücke aus der Gegend sind 300.000 Jahre alt.

Eine besondere Einrichtung ist der sogenannte Fund des Monats. Hierbei wird ein Exponat aus dem Museum im Foyer des Rathauses ausgestellt.

Turmuhrenmuseum

Dieses Museum, das von einer Privatperson betrieben wird, zeigt 35 Turmuhrwerke aus den Jahren 1520 bis 1996. Des Weiteren gibt es eine Reihe von Einzelteilen und Zubehör zu sehen.

Flugzeugmuseum

Bis 2013 gab es das privat betriebene „Museum für Flugzeugtechnik und Geschichte Friedhelm Wagner“ im Stadtteil Hailer. In sieben Räumen wurden auf einer Fläche von über 200 Quadratmetern mehr als 3.200 Exponate aus dem Bereich Luftfahrt gezeigt. Neben Motoren, Aggregaten, Instrumenten und Bordzubehör waren Originalunterlagen zu sehen. Der Luftfahrt im Kinzigtal war hierbei ein besonderes Augenmerk gewidmet.

Notable people

• de, politician, member of the Weimar National Assembly, born August 1, 1864 at Gelnhausen, died 28 July 1937 at Ronnenberg
• de, born 1784 at Gelnhausen, naturalist and mayor of Gelnhausen, died 21 April 1850 at Biebergemünd
• de, film director, brother of Oskar, born September 15, 1909 at Gelnhausen, lost 1944 in Serbia
• Oskar Fischinger, film director, born June 22, 1900 at Gelnhausen, died January 31, 1967 in Los Angeles
• de, forestry scientist and conservationist, born December 16 at Meerholz, Gelnhausen, died December 20, 2008
• de, German teacher, pedagogue and statesman, born about 1500 in Gelnhausen, died 6 June 1569 in Dillenburg
• Tia and Tamera Mowry, actresses, both born July 6, 1978 at Gelnhausen
• Klaus Ploghaus, athlete (hammer throw, 3rd place in the 1984 Summer Olympics), born January 31, 1956 at Gelnhausen
• Johann Philipp Reis, inventor of one of the first telephones, born January 7, 1834 at Gelnhausen, died 14 January 1874 at Friedrichsdorf
• Friedrich Armand Strubberg (1806 –1889) Merchant, physician, colonist in North America. Direct descendant of Frederick I of Sweden. Buried in Gelnhausen.
• Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, writer, born about 1622 in Gelnhausen, died 17 August 1676 in Renchen. In his famous work Simplicissimus, the sacking of Gelnhausen during the Thirty Years' War is graphically described.
• de, chief editor of the Cicero magazine, born 1964 at Gelnhausen

Like many American soldiers, in 1959 Colin Powell, then lieutenant of the 3rd Armored Division, served at Coleman Kaserne. A street was named after him. During the Second Gulf War there was some discussion about renaming the street because of Germany's stance on the war. The mayor of Gelnhausen strongly objected.

External links

• Official site
• Kaiser Friedrich 1 Barbarossa Hohenstaufen/Gelnhausen
• Bob Decker's Images from Gelnhausen History page
• Decker's Postcards (and other pictures) of Gelnhausen Page
• Large aerial from town centre looking NorthWest
• Another aerial looking northwest, with Barbarossa Castle ruins in centre foreground
• 1st Battalion 33rd Armor Reunion Site - Gelnhausen Germany - Coleman Kaserne
• 3rd Armored Division - photos of Gelnhausen
• Stolpersteine in Gelnhausen