Saint-Étienne

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This article is about the French city. For other uses, see Saint Étienne (disambiguation).

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Saint-Étienne
Sant-Etiève (Franco-Provençal)
Prefecture and commune
From top to bottom, left to right: view from the Cité du Design, in the centre the Cité des Affaires and the One Station buildings, below the Musée de la Mine, the Place Jean Jaurès garden and the Place du Peuple.
From top to bottom, left to right: view from the Cité du Design, in the centre the Cité des Affaires and the One Station buildings, below the Musée de la Mine, the Place Jean Jaurès garden and the Place du Peuple.
Flag of Saint-Étienne
Flag		 Coat of arms of Saint-Étienne
Coat of arms
Country France
Region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department Loire
Arrondissement Saint-Étienne
Canton Saint-Étienne-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Intercommunality Saint-Étienne Métropole
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Gaël Perdriau[1] (LR)
Area1 79.97 km2 (30.88 sq mi)
Population (Jan. 2018)2 Lua error in Module:Wd at line 405: invalid escape sequence near '"^'.
 • Rank 13th in France
Demonym(s) Stéphanois[2]
INSEE/Postal code 42218 / 42000, 42100, 42230
Elevation 422–1,117 m (1,385–3,665 ft)
(avg. 516 m or 1,693 ft)
Website www.saint-etienne.fr
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Saint-Étienne (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿etjɛn] ( listen); Franco-Provencal: Sant-Etiève) is a city and the prefecture of the Loire département, in eastern-central France, in the Massif Central, 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Lyon, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.[3]

Saint-Étienne is the thirteenth most populated commune in France and the second most populated commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Its metropolis (métropole), Saint-Étienne Métropole, is the second most populous regional metropolis after Lyon. The commune is also at the heart of a vast metropolitan area with 406 868 inhabitants (2020),[4] the eighteenth largest in France by population, comprising 105 communes.[5] Its inhabitants are known as Stéphanois (masculine) and Stéphanoises (feminine).

Long known as the French city of the "weapon, cycle and ribbon" and a major coal mining centre, Saint-Étienne is currently engaged in a vast urban renewal program aimed at leading the transition from the industrial city inherited from the 19th century to the "design capital" of the 21st century. This approach was recognised with the entry of Saint-Étienne into the UNESCO Creative Cities network in 2010. The city is currently undergoing renewal, with the installation of the Châteaucreux business district, the ‘Steel’ retail complex and the manufacturing creative district.

The city is known for its football club AS Saint-Étienne, which has won the Ligue 1 title a joint-record ten times.

History

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See also: Timeline of Saint-Étienne

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Named after Saint Stephen, the city first appears in the historical record in the Middle Ages as Saint-Étienne de Furan (after the River Furan, a tributary of the Loire). In the 13th century, it was a small borough around the church dedicated to Saint Stephen. On the upper reaches of the Furan, near the Way of St. James, the Abbey of Valbenoîte had been founded by the Cistercians in 1222. In the late 15th century, it was a fortified village defended by walls built around the original nucleus.

From the 16th century, Saint-Étienne developed an arms manufacturing industry and became a market town. It was this which accounted for the town's importance, although it also became a centre for the manufacture of ribbons and passementerie starting in the 17th century.

Later, it became a mining centre of the Loire coal mining basin, and more recently,[when?] has become known for its bicycle industry.

In the first half of the 19th century, it was only a chief town of an arrondissement in the département of the Loire, with a population of 33,064 in 1832. The concentration of industry prompted these numbers to rise rapidly to 110,000 by about 1880. It was this growing importance of Saint-Étienne that led to its being made seat of the prefecture and the departmental administration on 25 July 1855, when it became the chief town in the département and seat of the prefect, replacing Montbrison, which was reduced to the status of chief town of an arrondissement. Saint-Étienne absorbed the commune of Valbenoîte and several other neighbouring localities on 31 March 1855.

Demographics

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Saint-Étienne proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Saint-Étienne absorbed the former communes of Beaubrun, Montaud, Outre-Furent and Valbenoîte in 1855, ceded Planfoy in 1863, merged with the exclave Saint-Victor-sur-Loire and with Terrenoire in 1969 and Rochetaillée in 1973.[6]

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1793 25,000 —    
1800 16,259 −5.96%
1806 18,035 +1.74%
1821 19,102 +0.38%
1831 33,064 +5.64%
1836 41,534 +4.67%
1841 48,554 +3.17%
1846 49,614 +0.43%
1851 56,003 +2.45%
1856 94,432 +11.01%
1861 92,250 −0.47%
1866 96,620 +0.93%
1872 110,814 +2.31%
1876 126,019 +3.27%
1881 123,813 −0.35%
1886 117,875 −0.98%
1891 133,443 +2.51%
1896 136,030 +0.38%
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1901 146,559 +1.50%
1906 146,788 +0.03%
1911 148,656 +0.25%
1921 167,967 +1.23%
1926 193,737 +2.90%
1931 191,088 −0.27%
1936 190,236 −0.09%
1946 177,966 −0.66%
1954 181,730 +0.26%
1962 210,311 +1.84%
1968 223,223 +1.00%
1975 220,181 −0.20%
1982 204,955 −1.02%
1990 199,396 −0.34%
1999 180,210 −1.12%
2007 175,318 −0.34%
2012 171,483 −0.44%
2017 172,565 +0.13%
Source: EHESS[6] and INSEE (1968–2017)[7]

Culture

File:Vue 5 de la cathédrale Saint-Charles à Saint-Etienne.jpg
Saint-Étienne Cathedral
File:Saint Étienne-La Manufacture d'Armes-20110111.jpg
Cité du design
Rochetaillée Castle

Saint-Étienne became a popular stop for automobile travelers in the early 20th century.

In 1998, Saint-Étienne set up a design biennale, the largest of its kind in France.[8] It lasts around two weeks. A landmark in the history of the importance ascribed to design in Saint-Étienne was the inauguration of La Cité du design on the site of the former arms factory in 2009.

The city also launched the Massenet Festivals, (the composer Jules Massenet hailed from the area) devoted mainly to perform Massenet's operas. In 2000, the city was named one of the French Towns and Lands of Art and History. On 22 November 2010, it was nominated as "City of Design" as part of UNESCO's Creative Cities Network.[9]

Saint-Étienne has four museums:

  1. the Musée d'Art Moderne has one of the largest collections of modern and contemporary art in France
  2. Musée de la Mine
  3. Musée d'Art et d'Industrie (fr)
  4. Musée du vieux Saint-Étienne (fr)

Climate

The climate is temperate at the weather station due to its low altitude, but Saint-Étienne itself is much higher, above 530 m (1,739 ft) in the centre, as well as even above 700 m (2,297 ft) in the southern parts of the city. Saint-Étienne is very close from a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb); it is generally one of the snowiest cities in France, with an average of 85 cm (2.79 ft) of snow accumulation per year.

Climate data for Saint-Étienne–Bouthéon Airport (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1946–present), Alt: 400 m / 1312 ft
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.0
(68)		 23.2
(73.8)		 26.4
(79.5)		 28.8
(83.8)		 33.7
(92.7)		 37.8
(100)		 41.1
(106)		 39.3
(102.7)		 36.0
(96.8)		 29.2
(84.6)		 25.2
(77.4)		 20.2
(68.4)		 41.1
(106)
Average high °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1)		 8.8
(47.8)		 13.1
(55.6)		 16.3
(61.3)		 20.3
(68.5)		 24.5
(76.1)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.9
(80.4)		 22.2
(72)		 17.3
(63.1)		 11.4
(52.5)		 8.0
(46.4)		 16.9
(62.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)		 4.5
(40.1)		 7.8
(46)		 10.7
(51.3)		 14.6
(58.3)		 18.5
(65.3)		 20.7
(69.3)		 20.6
(69.1)		 16.4
(61.5)		 12.7
(54.9)		 7.6
(45.7)		 4.6
(40.3)		 11.9
(53.4)
Average low °C (°F) 0.3
(32.5)		 0.2
(32.4)		 2.6
(36.7)		 5.0
(41)		 9.0
(48.2)		 12.6
(54.7)		 14.4
(57.9)		 14.2
(57.6)		 10.7
(51.3)		 8.1
(46.6)		 3.7
(38.7)		 1.1
(34)		 6.9
(44.4)
Record low °C (°F) −25.6
(−14.1)		 −22.5
(−8.5)		 −13.9
(7)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −3.9
(25)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 2.9
(37.2)		 1.1
(34)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −18.6
(−1.5)		 −25.6
(−14.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.3
(1.508)		 30.3
(1.193)		 33.9
(1.335)		 55.0
(2.165)		 81.5
(3.209)		 80.8
(3.181)		 77.2
(3.039)		 72.8
(2.866)		 70.3
(2.768)		 76.2
(3)		 73.0
(2.874)		 39.0
(1.535)		 728.3
(28.673)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.8 7.0 7.1 9.2 10.1 8.8 7.8 7.6 7.5 8.7 8.7 7.6 97.9
Average snowy days 5.1 5.8 2.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 4.6 20.5
Average relative humidity (%) 81 78 73 71 72 72 68 71 75 80 81 83 75.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 81.4 108.6 162.3 186.2 213.7 240.7 275.1 259.1 193.2 134.7 87.6 75.8 2,018.4
Source #1: Météo France[10]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)[11]

Sport

File:St Etienne Stade Geoffroy Guichard.jpg
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, home of the AS Saint-Étienne football club

The city's football club AS Saint-Étienne has won the Ligue 1 title a joint-record ten times, achieving most of their success in the 1970s.[12] The British indie-dance band Saint Etienne named themselves after the club.

Saint-Étienne has many sports stadiums, the largest being Stade Geoffroy-Guichard used for football and Stade Henri-Lux for athletics. St. Étienne was the capital of the French bicycle industry.[citation needed] The bicycle wheel manufacturer Mavic is based in the city and frame manufacturers Motobécane and Vitus are also based here. The city often hosts a stage of the Tour de France.

Saint-Étienne resident Thierry Gueorgiou is a world champion in orienteering. The local rugby union team is CA Saint-Étienne Loire Sud Rugby.

Transport

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Tramway, bus and bicycles run by STAS (Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise)

The nearest airport is Saint-Étienne–Bouthéon Airport which is located in Andrézieux-Bouthéon, 12 km (7.46 mi) north-northwest of Saint-Étienne. The main railway station is Saint-Étienne-Châteaucreux station, which offers high-speed services to Paris and Lyon (Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway), as well as connects to several regional lines. There are four other railway stations in Saint-Étienne (Bellevue, Carnot, La Terrasse and Le Clapier) with local services.[13]

Saint-Étienne is also notable for its tramway (Saint-Étienne tramway) – which uniquely with Lille, it kept throughout the 20th century – and its trolleybus system (Saint-Étienne trolleybus system) – which is one of only three such systems currently operating in France.

Bus and tram transport is regulated and provided by the Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise (STAS), a public transport executive organisation.

The bicycle sharing system Vélivert with 280 short term renting bicycles has been available since June 2010.

Colleges and universities

Notable people

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Saint-Étienne was the birthplace of:

It was also the place where Andrei Kivilev died.

International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Saint-Étienne is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ INSEE commune file
  4. ↑ Comparateur de territoire, INSEE
  5. ↑ Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Saint-Étienne (023), INSEE
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Saint-Étienne, EHESS. Script error: No such module "In lang".
  7. ↑ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ St-Etienne and Sydney nominated UNESCO Creative Cities , 22 November 2010.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ "Ligue 1 : Le PSG égale l'ASSE avec 10 titres, les records en Europe", rmcsport.bfmtv.com (in French), 25 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Réseau TER et cars Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, accessed 30 May 2022.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

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See also: Bibliography of the history of Saint-Étienne

External links


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