DRUG STUDY

NAME

DOSAGE

CLASSIFICATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING RESPONSI BILITIES

Generic name: Cilostaz ol Brand name: Pletal

50 mg/tab 1 tab OD

Antiplatelet, Arterial Vasodilator/ Phosphodiester ase Inhibitor

May inhibit phosphodies terase, decreasing phosphodies terase activity and suppressing cyclic adenosine monophosph ate degradation (cAMP). This action increases cAMP in platelets and blood vessels, which inhibit platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation. This in turn relieves

Pletal (cilostazol) is indicated for the reduction of symptoms of intermittent claudicatio n, as indicated by an increased walking distance.

Pletal (cilostazol) is contraindicated in patients with haemostatic disorders or active pathologic bleeding, such as bleeding peptic ulcer and intracranial bleeding. Pletal (cilostazol) inhibits platelet aggregation in a reversible manner. Pletal (cilostazol) is contraindicated in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of its components.

Headache, diarrhea, runny nose, and dizziness, fast/pounding/irreg ular heartbeat, swelling of the hands/feet, easy bruising/bleeding, black or bloody stools, vomit that looks like coffee grounds

>monitor patients vital signs and cardiovas cular status closely because cilostazol may cause cardiovas cular lesions, which could lead to problems such as endocardi na hemorrha ge. >monitor blood

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symptoms of claudication.

glucose to detect hyperglyc emia. >advise patient to take cilostazol on an empty stomach because high-fat foods can increase risk of adverse reactions.

Generic name: Vitamin B complex Brand name: Polyner v

500 mg/tab 1 tab OD

dietary supplements

Treatment of vit B deficiencie s. Nutritional support in painful neurologic al manifestati ons of

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Anti-convulsant Generic name: Phenyto in Sodium Brand name: Dilantin TID

neuritis & neuropathy Acts in the prevention motor cortex & of the brain treatment to reduce the of seizures spread of occurring electrical during or discharges following from the neurosurge rapidly firing ry epileptic foci in this area. This is accomplishe d by stabilizing hyperexcitab le cells possibly affecting sodium efflux. Also phenytoin decreases activity of centers in the brain stem responsible for the tonic

History of hypersensitivity to phenytoin or other hydantoins.

GI disturbances; ataxia, slurred speech; diplopia, nystagmus & mental confusion w/ headache, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, hyperglycemia, osteomalacia.

>note history and nature of seizures, addressin g location, frequency and duration

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Generic name: Digoxin Brand name: Lanoxin

0.25 mg Q8

Antiarrhythmics, inotropics

phase of grand mal seizures. Has few sedative effects Increases the force of myocardial contraction. Prolongs refractory period of the AV node. Decreases conduction through the SA and AV nodes. Increased cardiac output (positive inotropic effect) and slowing of the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect).

Cardiac failure accompani ed by atrial fibrillation; manageme nt of chronic cardiac failure where systolic dysfunction or ventricular dilatation is dominant; manageme nt of certain supraventri cular arrhythmia s, particularly

Intermittent complete heart block or 2nd degree AV block esp if there is a history of Stokes-Adams attacks; arrhythmia caused by cardiac glycoside intoxication, supraventricular arrhythmia caused by Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome; ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation;hypertrop hicobstructivecardio myopathy.Hyperse nsitivity to other digitalis glycosides

CNS disturbances, dizziness; visual disturbances (blurred or yellowish vision);arrhythmia, conduction disturbances, bigeminy, trigeminy, PR prolongation, sinus bradycardia; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; urticarial or scarlatiniform w/eosinophilia.

>Monitor apical pulse before administe ring. >Monitor blood pressure periodicall y in patients receiving IV digoxin. >Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weights.

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chronic atrial flutter &fibrillation

>Observe patient for signs and symptoms of toxicity. >Oral preparatio ns can be administe red without regard to meals. >Before administe ring initial loading dose, determine whether patient has taken any digitalis preparatio ns in the preceding 2-3 wk Monitor

Mucolytic agent

Exerts

Treatment

MAO inhibitor

nausea and

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Generic name: Acetylcy steine Brand name: Fluimuci l

600 mg 1 tab

Generic name: enoxap arin

0.4 cc SQ OD

Anticoagulants

mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group which opens up the disulfide bonds in the mucoprotein s thus lowering mucous viscosity. The exact mechanism of action in acetaminoph en toxicity is unknown. It is thought to act by providing substrate for conjugation with the toxic metabolite A low moleculer weight heparin

of respiratory affections characteriz ed by thick and viscous hypersecre tions: acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and its exacerbati ons; pulmonary emphysem a, mucoviscid osis and bronchiect asis

therapy within 14 days initiating therapy; severe hypertension; severe. Coronary artery disease, hypersensitivity to pseudoedephrine, acrivastine or any component; renal impairment

vomiting, fever, syncope, sweating, arthralgia, blurred vision, disturbances of liver function

effectiven ess of therapy and advent of adverse/a llergic effects. Instruct patient in appropriat e use and adverse effects to report.

treat blood clots treat certain

Conditions with high risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage

Hemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia . Local reactions (Small local

> Instruct family to watch for signs of

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sodium Brand name: Clexane

derivative that accelerates formation of anti-thrombin III-thrombin complex and deactivates thrombin, preventing conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Has higher antifactor Xa to antifactor IIa activity ratio

types of including heart disease (eg. angina and heart attacks), when used with aspirin prevent blood clots forming after an operation, during hospitalisat ion or extended bed rest or during purification of the blood by an artificial kidney (hemodialy sis).

hematoma). Exceptional cases of skin necrosis. Rarely cutaneous or systemic allergic reaction. Increase liver enzymes.

bleeding or abnormal bruising and to notify prescriber immediat ely if any occur. >Tell family to avoid OTC drugs containing aspirin or other salicylate s unless ordered by physician. major bleeding disorders.