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    Analytic Function

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    Parveen Swami
    This document summarizes key concepts from the course AME-562 Mathematical Methods II on analytic functions of a complex variable. It defines what it means for a function to be analytic and the Cauchy-Riemann equations that are necessary and sufficient conditions. There are two types of singularities that can occur for analytic functions: isolated singular points such as poles and essential singularities, and branch points where a function is multivalued.

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    Analytic Function

    Uploaded by

    Parveen Swami
    76 views3 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts from the course AME-562 Mathematical Methods II on analytic functions of a complex variable. It defines what it means for a function to be analytic and the Cauchy-Riemann equations that are necessary and sufficient conditions. There are two types of singularities that can occur for analytic functions: isolated singular points such as poles and essential singularities, and branch points where a function is multivalued.

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    This document summarizes key concepts from the course AME-562 Mathematical Methods II on analytic functions of a complex variable. It defines what it means for a function to be analytic and the Cauchy-Riemann equations that are necessary and sufficient conditions. There are two types of singularities that can occur for analytic functions: isolated singular points such as poles and essential singularities, and branch points where a function is multivalued.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    76 views3 pages

    Analytic Function

    Uploaded by

    Parveen Swami
    This document summarizes key concepts from the course AME-562 Mathematical Methods II on analytic functions of a complex variable. It defines what it means for a function to be analytic and the Cauchy-Riemann equations that are necessary and sufficient conditions. There are two types of singularities that can occur for analytic functions: isolated singular points such as poles and essential singularities, and branch points where a function is multivalued.

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    You are on page 1of 3

    UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME

    DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

    Professor H.M. Atassi 113 Hessert Center Tel: 631-5736 Email:atassi@nd.edu

    AME-562 Mathematical Methods II

    Analytic Functions of a Complex Variable

    1
    1.1

    Denitions and Theorems


    Denition 1

    A function f (z) is said to be analytic in a region R of the complex plane if f (z) has a derivative at each point of R and if f (z) is single valued.

    1.2

    Denition 2

    A function f (z) is said to be analytic at a point z if z is an interior point of some region where f (z) is analytic. Hence the concept of analytic function at a point implies that the function is analytic in some circle with center at this point.

    1.3

    Theorem

    If f (z) is analytic at a point z, then the derivative f (z) is continuous at z.

    1.4

    Corollary

    If f (z) is analytic at a point z, then f (z) has continuous derivatives of all order at the point z.

    2
    2.1
    Let

    Conditions for a Complex Function to be Analytic


    A necessary condition for a complex function to be analytic
    f (x, y) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y)

    be a complex function. Since x = (z + z)/2 and y = (z z)/2i, substituting for x and y gives f (z, z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) . A necessary condition for f (z, z) to be analytic is f = 0. z (1)

    Therefore a necessary condition for f = u + iv to be analytic is that f depends only on z. In terms of the of the real and imaginary parts u, v of f , condition (1) is equivalent to u v = x y u v = y x (2) (3)

    Equations (2, 3) are known as the Cauchy-Riemann equations. They are a necessary condition for f = u + iv to be analytic.

    2.2

    Necessary and sucient conditions for a function to be analytic


    u v u v , , , x y y x

    The necessary and sucient conditions for a function f = u + iv to be analytic are that: 1. The four partial derivatives of its real and imaginary parts Cauchy-Riemann equations (2, 3). satisfy the are con-

    2. The four partial derivatives of its real and imaginary parts tinuous.

    u v u v , , , x y y x

    2.3

    Theorem

    If f (z) is analytic, then 2u 2u + = 0, x2 y 2 2v 2v + = 0. x2 y 2 (4) (5)

    The real and imaginary parts of an analytic function are harmonic conjugate functions, i.e., solutions to Laplace equation and satisfy the Cauchy Riemann equations (2, 3).

    Singularities of Analytic Functions

    Points at which a function f (z) is not analytic are called singular points or singularities of f (z). There are two dierent types of singular points:

    3.1

    Isolated Singular Points

    If f (z) is analytic everywhere throughout some neighborhood of a point z = a, say inside a circle C : |z a| = R, except at the point z = a itself, then z = a is called an isolated singular point of f (z). f (z) cannot be bounded near an isolated singular point. 3.1.1 Poles

    If f (z) has an isolated singular point at z = a, i.e., f (z) is not nite at z = a, and if in addition there exists an integer n such that the product (z a)n f (z) is analytic at z = a, then f (z) has a pole of order n at z = a, if n is the smallest such integer. Note that because (z a)n f (z) is analytic at z = a, such a singularity is called a removable singularity. Example: f (z) = 1/z 2 has a pole of order 2 at z = 0. 3.1.2 Essential Singularities

    An isolated singular point which is not a pole (removable singularity) is called an essential singular point. Example: f (z) = sin(1/z) has an essential singularity at z = 0.

    3.2

    Branch Points

    When f (z) is a multivalued function, any point which cannot be an interior point of the region of denition of a single-valued branch of f (z) is a singular branch point. Example: f (z) = z a has a branch point at z = a. 3

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