Technical Handbook

Worldwide Level and Flow SolutionsSM

This Technical

Table of Contents

Handbook is the

Conversions
Metric Values................................................................................1
Metric Prefixes..............................................................................1
Temperature .................................................................................2
Flow Rate .....................................................................................3
Miscellaneous...............................................................................5

result of a combined
effort by the
Engineering, Sales,
and Marketing
Departments.

All reasonable efforts have

been made to accurately
compile the information
contained in this handbook.
However, no warranty is made
with regard to any such
information, and Magnetrol
cannot assume responsibility
for any possible errors or any
direct or indirect result of the
use of such information.

Equivalents
Liquid Measures and Weights....................................................12
Kinematic Viscosity ....................................................................12
Absolute Viscosity ......................................................................13
Electrical Units............................................................................13
Degrees API and Degrees Baum.............................................14
Kinematic and Saybolt Viscosity ................................................15
Pressure and Head ....................................................................16
Properties
Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Liquids ......................17
Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Gases .......................18
Density and Specific Gravity of Saturated Water.......................19
Density of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water ...........20
Specific Gravity of Petroleum Products .....................................21
Density of Air ..............................................................................22
Speed of Sound .........................................................................22
Dielectric Constants of Liquids...................................................23
Dielectric Constants of Solids ....................................................29
Viscosity of Gases and Vapors ..................................................30
Viscosity of Water and Steam ....................................................31
Viscosity of Various Liquids........................................................31
Viscosity of Petroleum Products ................................................32
Pipe Data
Dimensions of Blind Flanges......................................................33
Flange Ratings by Class ............................................................35
Cast Iron Pipe ............................................................................38
Steel Pipe ...................................................................................39

Conversions: Metric Values

The table below provides a fast and easy means of
conversion from one metric notation to another. The value
labeled Unit represents a basic unit of measurement, such
as meter, gram, ohm, erg, etc. First, locate the original value
in the left-hand column. Follow the row horizontally to the
vertical column headed by the prefix of the desired value. The
arrow and figure at this intersection represent the direction in
which the decimal point should be moved and the number of
places to move it.

Example: Convert 0.15 kilowatts to watts. Starting at the

Kilo- box in the left-hand column, move horizontally to the
column headed by Unit (since watt is a basic unit of
measurement), and read 3
. Thus 0.15 kilowatts is the
equivalent of 150 watts.
Example: Convert 4,500 kilohertz to megahertz, read in the
box horizontal to Kilo- and under Mega- the notation
3, which means a shift of the decimal point three places
to the left. Thus, 4,500 kilohertz is the equivalent of 4.5
megahertz.

Desired Value

Original
Value

Tera-

TeraGigaMegaMyriaKiloHectoDekaUnit
DeciCentiMilliMicroNanoPico-

Giga3

3
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18
21
24

Mega6
3

3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
18
21

Myria8
5
2

Kilo9
6
3
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
15
18

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
13
16

Hecto- Deka10
11
7
8
4
5
2
3
1
2
1

1
2
3
4
5
6
9
12
15

1
2
3
4
5
8
11
14

Unit
12
9
6
4
3
2
1

1
2
3
4
7
10
13

Deci13
10
7
5
4
3
2
1

1
2
3
6
9
12

1
2
5
8
11

Centi14
11
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
4
7
10

Milli15
12
9
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
3
6
9

Micro18
15
12
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
3
6

Nano21
18
15
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
3

Pico24
21
18
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
6
3

Conversions: Metric Prefixes

atto. .
femto
pico .
nano.
micro

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
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.
.

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.

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.
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.

.
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.
.

.
.
.
.
.

a . . . . . . . one-quintillionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f. . . . . . . . one-quadrillionth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p . . . . . . . one-trillionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
n . . . . . . . one-billionth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . one-millionth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

milli. . . . . . . . . . . . . m.
centi . . . . . . . . . . . . c .
deci . . . . . . . . . . . . d .
uni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
deka . . . . . . . . . . . . da

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

one-thousandth
one-hundredth .
one-tenth . . . . .
one . . . . . . . . .
ten . . . . . . . . . .

hecto
kilo . .
mega
giga .
tera. .

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

one
one
one
one
one

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
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.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
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.

.
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.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
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.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

h.
k .
M.
G.
T.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

.
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.

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.
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.
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.
.
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.
.

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.
.

.
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.
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.
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.
.
.

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.
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.
.
.
.
.

.
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.
.

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.
.

.
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.

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.
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.
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.

hundred. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
thousand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 000
billion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 000 000
trillion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 000 000 000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

000 000 000 000 001 ..............................1018

000 000 000 001 ......................................1015
000 000 001 ..............................................1012
000 001.......................................................109
001...............................................................106

0.001 .......................................................................103
0.01 .........................................................................102
0.1 ...........................................................................101
1.0 ...........................................................................100
10.0 ...........................................................................101
100.0 ...........................................................................102
000.0 ...........................................................................103
000.0 ...........................................................................106
000.0 ...........................................................................109
000.0 ...........................................................................1012

Conversions: Temperature
Locate temperature in middle column. If in degrees Celsius, read Fahrenheit equivalent in right hand column; if in degrees
Fahrenheit, read Celsius equivalent in left hand column.

1 to 60

459.4 to 0
C

C
F

C
F

300 to 890
F

C
F

900 to 3000
F

C
F

273.1
268
262
257
251

459.7
450
440
430
420

17.2
16.7
16.1
15.6
15.0

1
2
3
4
5

33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
41.0

16.1
16.7
17.2
17.8
18.3

61
62
63
64
65

141.8
143.6
145.4
147.2
149.0

149
154
160
166
171

300
310
320
330
340

572
590
608
626
644

482
488
493
499
504

900
910
920
930
940

1652
1670
1688
1706
1724

246
240
234
229
223

410
400
390
380
370

14.4
13.9
13.3
12.8
12.2

6
7
8
9
10

42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
50.0

18.9
19.4
20.0
20.6
21.1

66
67
68
69
70

150.8
152.6
154.4
156.2
158.0

177
182
188
193
199

350
360
370
380
390

662
680
698
716
734

510
516
521
527
532

950
960
970
980
990

1742
1760
1778
1796
1814

218
212
207
201
196

360
350
340
330
320

11.7
11.1
10.6
10.0
9.4

11
12
13
14
15

51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
59.0

21.7
22.2
22.8
23.3
23.9

71
72
73
74
75

159.8
161.6
163.4
165.2
167.0

204
210
216
221
227

400
410
420
430
440

752
770
788
806
824

538
549
560
571
582

1000
1020
1040
1060
1080

1832
1868
1904
1940
1976

190
184
179
173
169

310
300
290
280
273.1

459.7

8.9
8.3
7.8
7.2
6.7

16
17
18
19
20

60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
68.0

24.4
25.0
25.6
26.1
26.7

76
77
78
79
80

168.8
170.6
172.4
174.2
176.0

232
238
243
249
254

450
460
470
480
490

842
860
878
896
914

593
604
616
627
638

1100
1120
1140
1160
1180

2012
2048
2084
2120
2156

168
162
157
151
146

270
260
250
240
230

454
436
418
400
382

6.1
5.6
5.0
4.4
3.9

21
22
23
24
25

69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
77.0

27.2
27.8
28.3
28.9
29.4

81
82
83
84
85

177.8
179.6
181.4
183.2
185.0

260
266
271
277
282

500
510
520
530
540

932
940
968
986
1004

649
660
671
682
693

1200
1220
1240
1260
1280

2192
2228
2264
2300
2336

140
134
129
123
118

220
210
200
190
180

364
346
328
310
292

3.3
2.8
2.2
1.7
1.1

26
27
28
29
30

78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
86.0

30.0
30.6
31.1
31.7
32.2

86
87
88
89
90

186.8
188.6
190.4
192.2
194.0

288
293
299
304
310

550
560
570
580
590

1022
1040
1058
1076
1094

704
732
760
788
816

1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

2372
2462
2552
2642
2732

112
107
101
96
90

170
160
150
140
130

274
256
238
220
202

0.6
0.0
0.6
1.1
1.7

31
32
33
34
35

87.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
95.0

32.8
33.3
33.9
34.4
35.0

91
92
93
94
95

195.8
197.6
199.4
201.2
203.0

316
321
327
332
338

600
610
620
630
640

1112
1130
1148
1166
1184

843
871
899
927
954

1550
1600
1650
1700
1750

2822
2912
3002
3092
3182

84
79
73
68
62

120
110
100
90
80

184
166
148
130
112

2.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.4

36
37
38
39
40

96.8
98.6
100.4
102.2
104.0

35.6
36.1
36.7
37.2
37.8

96
97
98
99
100

204.8
206.6
208.4
210.2
212.0

343
349
354
360
366

650
660
670
680
690

1202
1220
1238
1256
1274

982
1010
1038
1066
1093

1800
1850
1900
1950
2000

3272
3362
3452
3542
3632

57
51
46
40
34

70
60
50
40
30

94
76
58
40
22

5.0
5.6
6.1
6.7
7.2

41
42
43
44
45

105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
113.0

43
49
54
60
66

110
120
130
140
150

230
248
266
284
302

371
377
382
388
393

700
710
720
730
740

1292
1310
1328
1346
1364

1121
1149
1177
1204
1232

2050
2100
2150
2200
2250

3722
3812
3902
3992
4082

20
10
0

4
14
32

7.8
8.3
8.9
9.4
10.0

46
47
48
49
50

114.8
116.6
118.4
120.2
122.0

71
77
82
88
92

160
170
180
190
200

320
338
356
374
392

399
404
410
416
421

750
760
770
780
790

1382
1400
1418
1436
1454

1260
1288
1316
1343
1371

2300
2350
2400
2450
2500

4172
4262
4352
4442
4532

10.6
11.1
11.7
12.2
12.8

51
62
53
54
55

123.8
125.6
127.4
129.2
131.0

99
100
104
110
116

210
212
220
230
240

410
413.6
428
446
464

427
432
438
443
449

800
810
820
830
840

1472
1490
1508
1526
1544

1399
1427
1454
1482
1510

2550
2600
2650
2700
2750

4622
4712
4802
4892
4982

13.3
13.9
14.4
15.0
15.6

56
57
58
59
60

132.8
134.6
136.4
138.2
140.0

121
127
132
138
143

250
260
270
280
290

482
500
518
536
554

454
460
466
471
477

850
860
870
880
890

1562
1580
1598
1616
1634

1538
1566
1593
1621
1649

2800
2850
2900
2950
3000

5072
5162
5252
5342
5432

29
23
17.8

C
F

61 to 290

Conversions: Flow Rate

Velocity in Feet per Second.
Find the volume flow rate (gallons per minute) in the left hand column, read the velocity flow rate (feet per second) for a specific
line size in the right hand column. (Based on Schedule 40 pipe.)
Line Size
GPM
0.03
0.05
0.10
0.25
0.50
0.75
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,500

1"
0.011
0.019
0.037
0.093
0.186
0.279
0.371
0.743
1.114
1.485
1.857
2.228
2.971
3.713
5.570
7.427
9.283

Line Size

Line Size

1 1/4"
0.011
0.021
0.054
0.107
0.161
0.214
0.428
0.643
0.857
1.071
1.285
1.714
2.142
3.213
4.285
5.356
6.427
7.498
8.569
9.640
10.712

1 1/2"
0.008
0.016
0.039
0.079
0.118
0.158
0.315
0.473
0.630
0.788
0.945
1.261
1.576
2.364
3.151
3.939
4.727
5.515
6.303
7.091
7.878
9.454
11.030

Line Size

Line Size
Line Size

2"
0.010
0.024
0.048
0.072
0.095
0.191
0.286
0.382
0.477
0.573
0.764
0.955
1.432
1.910
2.387
2.865
3.342
3.820
4.297
4.775
5.730
6.685
7.640
9.550

2 1/2"
0.007
0.017
0.034
.0050
0.067
0.134
0.201
0.268
0.335
0.402
0.537
0.671
1.006
1.341
1.677
2.012
2.347
2.683
3.018
3.353
4.024
4.695
5.365
6.707
8.384
10.060
11.737

Line Size
3"
0.011
0.022
0.033
0.043
0.087
0.130
0.174
0.217
0.261
0.347
0.434
0.651
0.869
1.086
1.303
1.520
1.737
1.954
2.172
2.606
3.040
3.474
4.343
5.429
6.515
7.600
8.686
9.772
10.858
11.944

Line Size
Line Size

4"
0.013
0.019
0.025
0.050
0.076
0.101
0.126
0.151
0.202
0.252
0.378
0.504
0.630
0.756
0.882
1.008
1.134
1.260
1.512
1.764
2.016
2.520
3.150
3.781
4.411
5.041
5.671
6.301
6.931
7.561
8.191
8.821
9.451
10.081
10.712

Line Size

5"
0.012
0.016
0.032
0.048
0.064
0.080
0.096
0.128
0.160
0.240
0.321
0.401
0.481
0.561
0.641
0.721
0.801
0.962
1.122
1.282
1.603
2.004
2.404
2.805
3.206
3.606
4.007
4.408
4.809
5.209
5.610
6.011
6.412
6.812
7.213
7.614
8.014
8.816
9.617
10.419

Line Size

6"
0.011
0.022
0.033
0.044
0.056
0.067
0.089
0.111
0.167
0.222
0.278
0.333
0.389
0.444
0.500
0.555
0.666
0.777
0.889
1.111
1.388
1.666
1.944
2.221
2.499
2.777
3.054
3.332
3.610
3.887
4.165
4.443
4.720
4.998
5.276
5.553
6.109
6.664
7.219
7.775
8.330
8.885
9.441
9.996
10.551

8"
0.013
0.019
0.026
0.032
0.038
0.051
0.064
0.096
0.128
0.160
0.192
0.224
0.257
0.289
0.321
0.385
0.449
0.513
0.641
0.802
0.962
1.122
1.283
1.443
1.603
1.764
1.924
2.084
2.245
2.405
2.565
2.726
2.886
3.046
3.207
3.527
3.848
4.169
4.489
4.810
5.131
5.451
5.772
6.093
6.413
7.055
7.696
8.337
8.979
9.620
10.261

10"
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.033
0.041
0.061
0.081
0.102
.0122
0.142
0.163
0.183
0.203
0.244
0.285
0.326
0.407
0.509
0.610
0.712
0.814
0.916
1.017
1.119
1.221
1.323
1.424
1.526
1.628
1.730
1.831
1.933
2.035
2.238
2.442
2.645
2.849
3.052
3.256
3.459
3.662
3.866
4.069
4.476
4.883
5.290
5.697
6.104
6.511
7.325
8.139
10.174

Conversions: Flow Rate (cont.)

Velocity in Meters per Second
Find the volume flow rate (cubic meters per hour) in the left hand column, read the velocity flow rate (meters per second) for a
specific line size in the right hand column. (Based on Schedule 40 pipe.)
Line Size
m3/hr
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.50
0.75
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
8.0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

1"
0.010
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.149
0.174
0.199
0.249
0.374
0.498
0.747
0.997
1.246
1.495
1.744
1.993
2.242
2.492
2.741

Line Size

Line Size

1 1/4"
0.014
0.029
0.043
0.057
0.072
0.086
0.101
0.115
0.144
0.216
0.287
0.431
0.575
0.719
0.862
1.006
1.150
1.294
1.437
1.581
1.725
2.012
2.300
2.875

1 1/2"
0.011
0.021
0.032
0.042
0.053
0.063
0.074
0.085
0.106
0.159
0.211
0.317
0.423
0.529
0.634
0.740
0.846
0.952
1.057
1.163
1.269
1.480
1.692
2.114
2.537

Line Size

Line Size
Line Size

2"
0.013
0.019
0.026
0.032
0.038
0.045
0.051
0.064
0.096
0.128
0.192
0.256
0.320
0.384
0.449
0.513
0.577
0.641
0.705
0.769
0.897
1.025
1.282
1.538
1.794
2.050
2.307
2.563
2.819

2 1/2"
0.009
0.014
0.018
0.023
0.027
0.032
0.036
0.045
0.068
0.090
0.135
0.180
0.225
0.270
0.315
0.360
0.405
0.450
0.495
0.540
0.630
0.720
0.900
1.080
1.250
1.440
1.620
1.800
1.980
2.160
2.340
2.520
2.700
2.880
3.060

Line Size
3"
0.009
0.012
0.015
0.017
0.020
0.023
0.029
0.044
0.058
0.087
0.117
0.146
0.175
0.204
0.233
0.262
0.291
0.321
0.350
0.048
0.466
0.583
0.699
0.815
0.933
1.049
1.166
1.282
1.399
1.515
1.632
1.748
1.865
1.982
2.098
2.215
2.331
2.623
2.914
3.205

Line Size
Line Size

4"
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.017
0.025
0.034
0.051
0.068
0.085
0.101
0.118
0.135
0.152
0.169
0.186
0.203
0.237
0.271
0.338
0.406
0.474
0.541
0.609
0.676
0.744
0.812
0.879
0.947
1.015
1.082
1.150
1.218
1.285
1.353
1.522
1.691
1.860
2.029
2.198
2.368
2.537
2.706
3.044

Line Size

5"
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.016
0.022
0.032
0.043
0.054
0.065
0.075
0.086
0.097
0.108
0.118
0.129
0.151
0.172
0.215
0.258
0.301
0.344
0.387
0.430
0.473
0.516
0.559
0.602
0.645
0.688
0.731
0.774
0.817
0.860
0.968
1.075
1.183
1.291
1.398
1.506
1.613
1.721
1.936
2.151
2.581
3.011

Line Size

6"
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.011
0.015
0.022
0.030
0.037
0.045
0.052
0.060
0.067
0.075
0.082
0.089
0.104
0.119
0.149
0.179
0.209
0.238
0.268
0.298
0.328
0.358
0.388
0.417
0.447
0.477
0.507
0.537
0.566
0.596
0.671
0.745
0.820
0.894
0.969
1.043
1.118
1.192
1.341
1.490
1.789
2.087
2.385
2.683

8"
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.009
0.013
0.017
0.022
0.026
0.030
0.034
0.039
0.043
0.047
0.052
0.060
0.069
0.086
0.103
0.120
0.138
0.155
0.172
0.189
0.207
0.224
0.241
0.258
0.275
0.293
0.310
0.327
0.344
0.387
0.430
0.473
0.516
0.559
0.602
0.645
0.689
0.775
0.861
1.033
1.205
1.377
1.549
1.721
2.152
2.582
3.012

10"
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.008
0.011
0.014
0.016
0.019
0.022
0.025
0.027
0.030
0.033
0.038
0.044
0.055
0.066
0.076
0.087
0.098
0.109
0.120
0.131
0.142
0.153
0.164
0.175
0.186
0.197
0.208
0.218
0.246
0.273
0.300
0.328
0.355
0.382
0.410
0.437
0.491
0.546
0.655
0.765
0.874
0.983
1.092
1.365
1.638
1.911
2.184
2.457
2.730

Conversions: Miscellaneous
TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

A
acres
"
"
"
acre-feet
"
amperes/sq. cm.
"
amperes/sq. in.
"
amperes/sq. meter
"
ampere-hours
"
ampere-turns
ampere-turns/cm.
"
"
ampere-turns/in.
"
"
ampere-turns/meter
"
"
ares
"
atmospheres
"
"
"
"
"
"

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

sq. feet
43,500.0
sq. meters
4,047.0
sq. miles
1.562 x 10-
sq. yards
4,840.0
cu. feet
43,560.0
gallons
3.259 x 10
amps./sq. in.
6.452
amps/sq. meter
10.0
amps/sq. cm.
0.1550
amps/sq. meter
1,550.0
amps/sq. cm.
10-
amps/sq. in.
6.452 x 10-
coulombs
3,600.0
faradays
0.03731
gilberts
1.257
amp-turns/in.
2.540
amp-turns/meter
100.0
gilberts/cm.
1.257
amp-turns/cm.
0.3937
amp-turns/meter
39.37
gilberts/cm.
0.4950
amp-turns/cm.
0.01
amp-turns/in.
0.0254
gilberts/cm.
0.01257
acres
0.02471
sq. meters
100.0
cms. of mercury
76.0
ft. of water (at 4C)
33.90
in. of mercury (at 0C)
29.92
kgs./sq. cm.
1.0333
kgs./sq. meter
10,332.0
pounds/sq. in.
14.70
tons/sq. ft.
1.058
B

barrels (oil)
bars
"
"
"
"
Btu
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Btu/hr.
"
"
"
Btu/min.
"
"
"

gallons (oil)
atmospheres
dynes/sq. cm.
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
ergs
foot-lbs.
gram-calories
horsepower-hrs.
joules
kilogram-calories
kilogram-meters
kilowatt-hrs.
foot-pounds/sec.
gram-cal./sec.
horsepower-hrs.
watts
foot-lbs./sec.
horsepower
kilowatts
watts

42.0
0.9869
10
1.020 x 10
2,089.0
14.50
1.0550 x 10
778.3
252.0
3.931 x 10-
1,054.8
0.2520
107.5
2.928 x 10-
0.2162
0.0700
3.929 x 10-
0.2931
12.96
0.02356
0.01757
17.57

Btu/sq. ft./min.
bushels
"
"
"
"
"
"

watts/sq. in.
cu. ft.
cu. in.
cu. meters
liters
pecks
pints (dry)
quarts (dry)

0.1221
1.2445
2,150.4
0.03524
35.24
4.0
64.0
32.0

centares (centiares) sq. meters

Centigrade
Fahrenheit
centigrams
grams
centiliters
liters
centimeters
feet
"
inches
"
kilometers
"
meters
"
miles
"
millimeters
"
mils
"
yards
centimeter-dynes
cm.-grams
"
meter-kgs.
"
pound-feet
centimeter-grams
cm.-dynes
"
meter-kgs.
"
pound-feet
centimeters
of mercury
atmospheres
"
feet of water
"
kgs./sq. meter
"
pounds/sq. ft.
"
pounds/sq. in.
centimeters/sec.
feet/min.
"
feet/sec.
"
kilometers/hr.
"
knots
"
meters/min.
"
miles/hr.
"
miles/min.
centimeters/sec./sec. feet/sec./sec.
"
kms./hr./sec.
"
meters/sec./sec.
"
miles/hr./sec.
circular mils
sq. cms.
"
sq. mils
"
sq. inches
coulombs
faradays
coulombs/sq. cm.
coulombs/sq. in.
"
coulombs/sq. meter
coulombs/sq. in.
coulombs/sq. cm.
"
coulombs/sq. meter
coulombs/sq. meter coulombs/sq. cm.
"
coulombs/sq. in.
cubic centimeters
cu. feet
"
cu. inches
"
cu. meters
"
cu. yards
"
gallons (U.S. liq.)
"
liters
"
pints (U.S. liq.)
"
quarts (U.S. liq.)
cubic feet
bushels (dry)
"
cu. cms.
"
cu. inches
"
cu. meters
"
cu. yards
"
gallons (U.S. liq.)
"
liters
"
pints (U.S. liq.)
"
quarts (U.S. liq.)
cubic feet/min.
cu. cms./sec.
"
gallons/sec.
"
liters/sec.
"
pounds of water/min.

1.0
(C x 9/5) + 32
0.01
0.01
3.281 x 10-
0.3937
10-
0.01
6.214 x 10-
10.0
393.7
1.094 x 10-
1.020 x 10-
1.020 x 10-
7.376 x 10-
980.7
10-
7.233 x 10-
0.01310
0.4401
136.0
27.85
0.1934
1.1969
0.03281
0.036
0.1943
0.6
0.02237
3.728 x 10-
0.03281
0.036
0.01
0.02237
5.067 x 10-
0.7854
7.854 x 10-
1.036 x 10-
64.52
10
0.1550
1,550.0
10-
6.452 x 10-
3.531 x 10-
0.06102
10-
1.308 x 10-
2.642 x 10-
0.001
2.113 x 10-
1.057 x 10-
0.8036
28,320.0
1,728.0
0.02832
0.03704
7.48052
28.32
59.84
29.92
472.0
0.1247
0.4720
62.43

Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

TO CONVERT

C (cont.)
cubic
"
cubic
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
cubic
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
cubic
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
cubic
"
"

feet/sec.
inches

meters

yards

yards/min.

million gals./day
gallons/min.
cu. cms.
cu. feet
cu. meters
cu. yards
gallons (U.S. liq.)
liters
mil.-ft.
pints (U.S. liq.)
quarts (U.S. liq.)
bushels (dry)
cu. cms.
cu. feet
cu. inches
cu. yards
gallons (U.S. liq.)
liters
pints (U.S. liq.)
quarts (U.S. liq.)
cu. cms.
cu. feet
cu. inches
cu. meters
gallons (U.S. liq.)
liters
pints (U.S. liq.)
quarts (U.S. liq.)
cubic ft./sec.
gallons/sec.
liters/sec.

0.646317
448.831
16.39
5.787 x 10-
1.639 x 10-
2.143 x 10-
4.329 x 10-
0.01639
1.061 x 10
0.03463
0.01732
28.38
10
35.31
61,023.0
1.308
264.2
10
2,113.0
1,057.0
7.646 x 10
27.0
46,656.0
0.7646
202.0
764.6
1,615.9
807.9
0.45
3.367
12.74

hours
24.0
minutes
1,440.0
seconds
86,400.0
grams
0.1
liters
0.1
meters
0.1
minutes
60.0
quadrants
0.01111
radians
0.01745
seconds
3,600.0
radians/sec.
0.01745
revolutions/min.
0.1667
revolutions/sec.
2.778 x 10-
grams
10.0
liters
10.0
meters
10.0
grams
1.7718
grains
27.3437
ounces
0.0625
grams
1.020 x 10-
joules/cm.
10
joules/meter (newtons)
10-
kilograms
1.020 x 10-
poundals
7.233 x 10-
pounds
2.248 x 10-
bars
10-
E

ergs
"
"
"

Btu
dyne-centimeters
foot-pounds
gram-calories

MULTIPLY BY

E (cont.)

D
days
"
"
decigrams
deciliters
decimeters
degress (angle)
"
"
"
degrees/sec.
"
"
dekagrams
dekaliters
dekameters
drams
"
"
dynes
"
"
"
"
"
dynes/sq. cm.

INTO

9.480 x 10-
1.0
7.367 x 10-
0.2389 x 10-

ergs (continued)
"
"
"
"
"
"
ergs/sec.
"
"
"
"
"

gram-cms.
horsepower-hrs.
joules
kg.-calories
kg.-meters
kilowatt-hrs.
watt-hours
Btu/min.
ft.-lbs./min.
ft.-lbs./sec.
horsepower
kg.-calories/min.
kilowatts
F

1.020 x 10-
3.7250 x 10-
10-
2.389 x 10-
1.020 x 10-
0.2778 x 10-
0.2778 x 10-
5,688.0 x 10-
4.427 x 10-
7.3756 x 10-
1.341 x 10-
1.433 x 10-
10-

farads
faradays
"
fathoms
feet
"
"
"
"
"
"
feet of water
"
"
"
"
"
feet/min.
"
"
"
"
feet/sec.
"
"
"
"
"
feet/sec./sec.
"
"
"
feet/100 feet
foot-pounds
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
foot-pounds/min.
"
"
"
"
foot-pounds/sec.
"
"
"
"
furlongs
"

microfarads
ampere-hours
coulombs
feet
centimeters
kilometers
meters
miles (naut.)
miles (stat.)
millimeters
mils
atmospheres
in. of mercury
kgs./sq. cm.
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
cms./sec.
feet/sec.
kms./hr.
meters/min.
miles/hr.
cms./sec.
kms./hr.
knots
meters/min.
miles/hr.
miles/min.
cms./sec./sec.
kms./hr./sec.
meters/sec./sec.
miles/hr./sec.
per cent grade
Btu
ergs
grams-calories
hp-hrs.
joules
kg.-calories
kg.-meters
kilowatt-hrs.
Btu/min.
foot-pounds/sec.
horsepower
kg.-calories/min.
kilowatts
Btu/hr.
Btu/min.
horsepower
kg.-calories/min.
kilowatts
rods
feet

10
26.80
9.649 x 10
6.0
30.48
3.048 x 10-
0.3048
1.645 x 10-
1.894 x 10-
304.8
1.2 x 10
0.02950
0.8826
0.03048
304.8
62.43
0.4335
0.5080
0.01667
0.01829
0.3048
0.01136
30.48
1.097
0.5921
18.29
0.6818
0.01136
30.48
1.097
0.3048
0.6818
1.0
1.286 x 10-
1.356 x 10
0.3238
5.050 x 10-
1.356
3.24 x 10-
0.1383
3.766 x 10-
1.286 x 10-
0.01667
3.030 x 10-
3.24 x 10-
2.260 x 10-
4.6263
0.07717
1.818 x 10-
0.01945
1.356 x 10-
40.0
660.0

Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

TO CONVERT

cu. cms.
3,785.0
cu. feet
0.1337
cu. inches
231.0
cu. meters
3.785 x 10-
cu. yards
4.951 x 10-
liters
3.785
pints
8.0
quarts
4.0
gallons (U.S. liq.)
1.20095
gallons (Imp.)
0.83267
pounds of water
8.3453
cu. ft./sec.
2.228 x 10-
liters/sec.
0.06308
cu. ft./hr.
8.0208
lines/sq. in.
6.452
webers/sq. cm.
10-
webers/sq. in.
6.452 x 10-
webers/sq. meter
10-
ampere-turns
0.7958
amp-turns/cm.
0.7958
amp-turns/in.
2.021
amp-turns/meter
79.58
liters
0.1183
pints (liq.)
0.25
grains (avdp.)
1.0
grams
0.06480
ounces (avdp.)
2.0833 x 10-
pennyweight (troy)
0.04167
parts/million
17.118
pounds/million gal.
142.86
parts/million
14.286
dynes
980.7
grains
15.43
joules/cm
9.807 x 10-
joules/meter (newtons)
9.807 x 10-
kilograms
10-
milligrams
10
ounces (avdp.)
0.03527
ounces (troy)
0.03215
poundals
0.07093
pounds
2.205 x 10-
pounds/inch
5.600 x 10-
pounds/cu. ft.
62.43
pounds/cu. in.
0.03613
pounds/mil.-foot
3.405 x 10-
grains/gal.
58.417
pounds/1,000 gal.
8.345
pounds/cu. ft.
0.062427
parts/million
1,000.0
pounds/sq. ft.
2.0481
Btu
3.9683 x 10-
ergs
4.1868 x 10
foot-pounds
3.0880
horsepower-hrs.
1.5596 x 10-
kilowatt-hrs.
1.1630 x 10-
watt-hrs.
1.1630 x 10-
Btu/hr.
14.286
Btu
9.297 x 10-
ergs
980.7
joules
9.807 x 10-
kg.-cal.
2.343 x 10-
kg-meters
10-

MULTIPLY BY

G
gallons
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
gallons (liq. Br. Imp.)
gallons (U.S.)
gallons of water
gallons/min.
"
"
gausses
"
"
"
gilberts
gilberts/cm.
"
"
gils
"
grains (troy)
"
"
"
grains/U.S. gal.
"
grains/Imp. gal.
grams
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
grams/cm.
grams/cu. cm.
"
"
grams/liter
"
"
"
grams/sq. cm.
gram-calories
"
"
"
"
"
gram-calories/sec.
gram-centimeters
"
"
"
"

INTO

hectares
"
hectograms
hectoliters
hectometers
hectowatts
henries
horsepower
"
"
horsepower (metric)
(542.5 ft. lb./sec.)
horsepower
(550 ft. lb./sec.)
horsepower
"
"
horsepower (boiler)
"
horsepower-hrs.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
hours
"
"
"

acres
2.471
sq. foot
1.076 x 10
grams
100.0
liters
100.0
meters
100.0
watts
100.0
millihenries
10
Btu/min.
42.44
foot-lbs./min.
33,000.0
foot-lbs./sec.
550.0
horsepower
(550 ft. lb./sec.)
0.9863
horsepower (metric)
(542.5 ft. lb./sec.)
1.014
kg.-calories/min.
10.68
kilowatts
0.7457
watts
745.7
Btu/hr.
33.479
kilowatts
9.803
Btu
2,547.0
ergs
2.6845 x 10
foot-lbs.
1.98 x 10
gram-calories
641,190.0
joules
2.694 x 10
kg.-calories
641.1
kg.-meters
2.737 x 10
kilowatt-hrs.
0.7457
days
4.167 x 10-
minutes
60.0
seconds
3,600.0
weeks
5.952 x 10-
I

inches
"
"
"
"
"
"
inches of mercury
"
"
"
"
"
inches of water
(at 4C)
"
"
"
"
"

centimeters
feet
meters
miles
millimeters
mils
yards
atmospheres
feet of water
kgs./sq. cm.
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
atmospheres
inches of mercury
kgs./sq. cm.
ounces/sq. in.
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.

2.540
8.333 x 10-
2.540 x 10-
1.578 x 10-
25.40
10
2.778 x 10-
0.03342
1.133
0.03453
345.3
70.73
0.4912
2.458 x 10-
0.07355
2.540 x 10-
0.5781
5.204
0.03613

J
joules
"
"
"
"
"
joules/cm.
"
"
"
"

Btu
ergs
foot-pounds
kg.-calories
kg.-meters
watt-hrs.
grams
dynes
joules/meter (newtons)
poundals
pounds

9.480 x
10
0.7376
2.389 x
0.1020
2.778 x
1.020 x
10
100.0
723.3
22.48

10-
10-
10-
10-

Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

TO CONVERT

K
kilograms
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
kilograms/cu. meter
"
"
"
kilograms/meter
kilograms/sq. cm.
"
"
"
"
kilograms/sq. meter
"
"
"
"
"
kilograms/sq. mm.
kilogram-calories
"
"
"
"
"
"
kilogram meters
"
"
"
"
"
kilolines
kiloliters
kilometers
"
"
"
"
"
"
kilometers/hr.
"
"
"
"
"
kilometers/hrs./sec.
"
"
"
kilopascals
"
"
"
"
"
"
kilowatts
"
"

dynes
980,665.0
grams
10
joules/cm.
0.09807
joules/meter (newtons)
9.807
poundals
70.93
pounds
2.205
tons (long)
9.842 x 10-
tons (short)
1.102 x 10-
grams/cu. cm.
0.001
pounds/cu. ft.
0.06243
pounds/cu. in.
3.613 x 10-
pounds/mil.-foot
3.405 x 10-
pounds/ft.
0.6720
atmospheres
0.9678
feet of water
32.81
inches of mercury
28.96
pounds/sq. ft.
2,048.0
pounds/sq. in.
14.22
atmospheres
9.678 x 10-
bars
98.07 x 10-
feet of water
32.81 x 10-
inches of mercury
2.896 x 10-
pounds/sq. ft.
0.2048
pounds/sq. in.
1.422 x 10-
kgs./sq. meter
10
Btu
3.968
foot-pounds
3,088.0
hp-hrs.
1.560 x 10-
joules
4,186.0
kg.-meters
426.9
kilojoules
4.186
kilowatt-hrs.
1.163 x 10-
Btu
9.294 x 10-
ergs
9.804 x 10
foot-pounds
7.233
joules
9.804
kg.-calories
2.342 x 10-
kilowatt-hrs.
2.723 x 10-
maxwells
10
liters
10
centimeters
10
feet
3,281.0
inches
3.937 x 10
meters
10
miles
0.6214
millimeters
10
yards
1,094.0
cms./sec.
27.78
feet/min.
54.68
feet/sec.
0.9113
knots
0.5396
meters/min.
16.67
miles/hr.
0.6214
cms./sec./sec.
27.78
ft./sec./sec.
0.9113
meters/sec./sec.
0.2778
miles/hr./sec.
0.6214
atmospheres
9.87x10-3
feet of water
0.335
inches of Hg
0.296
kgs/sq. meter
1.02x102
pounds/sq. ft.
20.9
pounds/sq. in.
0.145
torr
7.5
Btu/min.
56.92
foot-lbs./min.
4.426 x 10
foot-lbs./sec.
737.6

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

K (cont.)
kilowatts (cont.)
"
"
kilowatt-hrs.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
knots
"
"
"
"
"

horsepower
1.341
kg.-calories/min.
14.34
watts
10
Btu
3,413.0
ergs
3.600 x 10
foot-lbs.
2.655 x 10
gram-calories
859,850.0
horsepower-hrs.
1.341
joules
3.6 x 10
kg.-calories
860.5
kg.-meters
3.671 x 10
pounds of water
evaporated from and
at 212F
3.53
pounds of water raised
from 62 to 212F
22.75
feet/hr.
6,080.0
kilometers/hr.
1.8532
nautical miles/hr.
1.0
statute miles/hr.
1.151
yards/hr.
2,027.0
feet/sec.
1.689
L

league
lines/sq. cm.
lines/sq. in.
"
"
"
links (engineers)
links (surveyors)
liters
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
liters/min.
"
lumens/sq. ft.
lux

miles (approx.)
gausses
gausses
webers/sq. cm.
webers/sq. in.
webers/sq. meter
inches
inches
bushels (U.S. dry)
cu. cm.
cu. feet
cu. inches
cu. meters
cu. yards
gallons (U.S. liq.)
pints (U.S. liq.)
quarts (U.S. liq.)
cu. ft./sec.
gals./sec.
foot-candles
foot-candles

3.0
1.0
0.1550
1.550 x 10-
10-
1.550 x 10-
12.0
7.92
0.02838
10
0.03531
61.02
0.001
1.308 x 10-
0.2642
2.113
1.057
5.886 x 10-
4.403 x 10-
1.0
0.0929

M
maxwells
"
megalines
megohms
"
meters
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
meters/min.
"
"
"
"

kilolines
webers
maxwells
microhms
ohms
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
miles (naut.)
miles (stat.)
millimeters
yards
varas
cms./sec.
feet/min.
feet/sec.
kms./hr.
knots

10-
10-
10
10
10
10
3.281
39.37
0.001
5.396 x 10-
6.214 x 10-
10
1.094
1.179
1.667
3.281
0.5468
0.06
0.03238

Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

TO CONVERT

INTO

M (cont.)
meters/min. (cont.)
meters/sec.
"
"
"
"
meters/sec./sec.
"
"
"
meter-kilograms
"
"
microfarad
micrograms
microhms
"
microliters
microns
miles (naut.)
"
"
"
"
miles (statute)
"
"
"
"
"
"
miles/hr.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
miles/hr./sec.
"
"
"
miles/min.
"
"
"
"
mil-feet
milliers
milligrams
milligrams/liter
millihenries
milliliters
millimeters
"
"
"
"
"
"
million gals./day
mils
"
"
"

miles/hr.
feet/min.
feet/sec.
kilometers/hr.
miles/hr.
miles/min.
cms./sec./sec.
ft./sec./sec.
kms./hr./sec.
miles/hr./sec.
cm.-dynes
cm.-grams
pound-feet
farads
grams
megohms
ohms
liters
meters
feet
kilometers
meters
miles (statute)
yards
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
meters
miles (naut.)
yards
cm./sec.
feet/min.
feet/sec.
kms./hr.
kms./min.
knots
meters/min.
miles/min.
cms./sec./sec.
feet/sec./sec.
kms./hr./sec.
meters/sec./sec.
cms./sec.
feet/sec.
kms./min.
miles (naut.)/min.
miles/hr.
cu. inches
kilograms
grams
parts/million
henries
liters
centimeters
feet
inches
meters
miles
mils
yards
cu. ft./sec.
centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers

MULTIPLY BY

M (cont.)
0.03728
196.8
3.281
3.6
2.237
0.03728
10
3.281
3.6
2.237
9.807 x 10
10
7.233
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
10-
6,080.27
1.853
1,853.00
1.1516
2,027.0
1.609 x 10
5,280.0
6.336 x 10
1.609
1,609.0
0.8684
1,760.0
44.70
88.0
1.467
1.609
0.02682
0.8684
26.82
0.01667
44.70
1.467
1.609
0.4470
2,682.0
88.0
1.609
0.8684
60.0
9.425 x 10-
10
10-
1.0
10-
10-
0.1
3.281 x 10-
0.03937
0.001
6.214 x 10-
39.37
1.094 x 10-
1.54723
2.540 x 10-
8.333 x 10-
0.001
2.540 x 10-

mils (cont.)
miners inches
minutes (angles)
"
"
"

2.778 x 10-
1.5
0.01667
1.852 x 10-
2.909 x 10-
60.0 myriagrams
10.0

yards
cu. ft./min.
degrees
quadrants
radians
seconds
kilograms

myriameters

kilometers

10.0

myriawatts

kilowatts

10.0
N

nepers

decibels

8.686

ohms
ohms
ounces
"
"
"
"
"
"
ounces (fluid)
"
ounces (troy)
"
"
"
"

megohms
microhms
drams
grains
grams
pounds
ounces (troy)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
cu. inches
liters
grains
grams
ounces (avdp.)
pennyweights (troy)
pounds (troy)

ounces/sq. in.

pounds/sq. in.

O
10-
10
16.0
437.5
28.349527
0.0625
0.9115
2.790 x 10-
2.834 x 10-
1.805
0.2957
480.0
31.103481
1.09714
20.0
0.08333
0.0625

P
parts/million
grains/U.S. gal.
0.0584
"
grains/Imp. gal.
0.07016
"
pounds/million gal.
8.345
pascals
millibar
10-2
"
pounds/sq. ft.
2.09 x 10-2
"
pounds/sq. in.
1.45 x 10-4
"
torr
7.5 x 10-3
"
in.Hg
2.96 x 10-4
pennyweights (troy) grains
24.0
"
ounces (troy)
0.05
"
grams
1.55517
"
pounds (troy)
4.1667 x 10-
pints (dry)
cu. inches
33.60
pints (liq.)
cu. cms.
473.2
"
cu. feet
0.01671
"
cu. inches
28.87
"
cu. meters
4.732 x 10-
"
cu. yards
6.189 x 10-
"
gallons
0.125
"
liters
0.4732
"
quarts (liq.)
0.5
poundals
dynes
13,826.0
"
grams
14.10
"
joules/cm.
1.383 x 10-
"
joules/meter (newtons)
0.1383
"
kilograms
0.01410
"
pounds
0.03108
pounds
drams
256.0
"
dynes
44.4823 x 10
"
grains
7,000.0
"
grams
453.5924
"
joules/cm.
0.04448
"
joules/meter (newton)
4.448

Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

TO CONVERT

kilograms
ounces
ounces (troy)
poundals
pounds (troy)
tons (short)
grains
grams
ounces (avdp.)
ounces (troy)
pennyweights (troy)
pounds (avdp.)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
tons (short)
cu. feet
cu. inches
gallons
cu. ft./sec.
cm.-dynes
cm.-grams
meter-kgs.
grams/cu. cm.
kgs./cu. meter
pounds/cu. in.
pounds/mil.-ft.
gms./cu. cm.
kgs./cu. meter
pounds/cu. ft.
pounds/mil.-foot
kgs./meter
gms./cm.
gms./cu. cm.
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. in.
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. ft.
kilopascal

0.4536
16.0
14.5833
32.17
1.21528
0.0005
5,760.0
373.24177
13.1657
12.0 pounds (troy)
240.0
0.822857
3.6735 x 10-
3.7324 x 10-
4.1143 x 10-
0.01602
27.68
0.1198
2.670 x 10-
1.356 x 10
13,825.0
0.1383
0.01602
16.02
5.787 x 10-
5.456 x 10-
27.68
2.768 x 10
1,728.0
9.425 x 10-
1.488
178.6
2.306 x 10
4.725 x 10-
0.01602
0.01414
4.882
6.944 x 10-
0.06804
2.307
2.036
703.1
144.0
6.8948

Q
quadrants (angle)
"
"
"

degrees
minutes
radians
seconds

quarts (dry)
quarts (liq.)
"
"
"
"
"
"

cu. inches
cu. cms.
cu. feet
cu. inches
cu. meters
cu. yards
gallons
liters

90.0
5,400.0
1.571
3.24 x 10
67.20
946.4
0.03342
57.75
9.464 x 10-
1.238 x 10-
0.25
0.9463
R

radians
"
"
"
radians/sec.
"

10

degrees
minutes
quadrants
seconds
degrees sec.
revolutions/min.

MULTIPLY BY

R (cont.)

P (cont.)
pounds (cont.)
"
"
"
"
"
pounds (troy)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
pounds of water
"
"
pounds of water/min.
pounds-feet
"
"
pounds/cu. ft.
"
"
"
pounds/cu. in.
"
"
"
pounds/ft.
pounds/in.
pounds/mil.-foot
pounds/sq. ft.
"
"
"
"
pounds/sq. in.
"
"
"
"
"

INTO

57.30
3,438.0
0.6366
2.063 x 10
57.30
9.549

radians/sec. (cont.)
radians/sec./sec.
"
"
revolutions
"
"
revolutions/min.
"
"
revolutions/min./min.
"
"
revolutions/sec.
"
"
revolutions/sec./sec.
"
"
rods

revolutions/sec.
revs./min./min.
revs./min./sec.
revs./sec./sec.
degrees
quadrants
radians
degrees/sec.
radians/sec.
revs./sec.
radians/sec./sec.
revs./min./sec.
revs./sec./sec.
degrees/sec.
radians/sec.
revs./min.
radians/sec./sec.
revs./min./min.
revs./min./sec.
feet

0.1592
573.0
9.549
0.1592
360.0
4.00
6.283
6.0
0.1047
0.01667
1.745 x 10-
0.01667
2.778 x 10-
360.0
6.283
60.0
6.283
3,600.0
60.0
16.5

S
seconds (angle)
"
"
"
square centimeters
"
"
"
"
"
"
square feet
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
square inches
"
"
"
"
"
square kilometers
"
"
"
"
"
"
square meters
"
"
"
"
"
"
square miles
"
"
"
"

degrees
minutes
quadrants
radians
circular mils
sq. feet
sq. inches
sq. meters
sq. miles
sq. millimeters
sq. yards
acre
circular mils
sq. cms.
sq. inches
sq. meters
sq. miles
sq. millimeters
sq. yards
circular mils
sq. cms.
sq. feet
sq. millimeters
sq. mils
sq. yards
acres
sq. cms.
sq. ft.
sq. inches
sq. meters
sq. miles
sq.yards
acres
sq. cms.
sq. feet
sq. inches
sq. miles
sq. millimeters
sq. yards
acres
sq. feet
sq. kms.
sq. meters
sq. yards

2.778 x 10-
0.01667
3.087 x 10-
4.848 x 10-
1.973 x 10
1.076 x 10-
0.1550
0.0001
3.861 x 10-
100.0
1.196 x 10-
2.296 x 10-
1.833 x 10
929.0
144.0
0.09290
3.587 x 10-
9.290 x 10
0.1111
1.273 x 10
6.452
6.944 x 10-
645.2
10
7.716 x 10-
247.1
10
10.76 x 10
1.550 x 10
10
0.3861
1.196 x 10
2.471 x 10-
10
10.76
1,550.0
3.861 x 10-
10
1.196
640.0
27.88 x 10
2.590
2.590 x 10
3.098 x 10

Conversions: Miscellaneous (cont.)

TO CONVERT

INTO

MULTIPLY BY

TO CONVERT

1,973.0
0.01
1.076 x
1.550 x
1.273
6.452 x
10-
2.066 x
8,361.0
9.0
1,296.0
0.8361
3.228 x
8.361 x

10-
10-C
10-
10-

10-
10

T
temperature
(C) + 273
temperature
(C) + 17.78
temperature
(F) + 460
temperature
(F) - 32
tons (long)
"
"
tons (metric)
"
tons (short)
"
"
"
"
"
"
tons (short)/sq. ft.
"
tons of water/24 hrs.
"
"

absolute temperature
(C)
temperature (F)

1.0

absolute temperature
(F)
temperature (C)

1.0

kilograms
pounds
tons (short)
kilograms
pounds
kilograms
ounces
ounces (troy)
pounds
pounds (troy)
tons (long)
tons (metric)
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. in.
pounds of water/hr.
gallons/min.
cu. ft./hr.

MULTIPLY BY

S (cont.)
square millimeters circular mils
"
sq. cms.
"
sq. feet
"
sq. inches
square mils
circular mils
"
sq. cms.
"
sq. inches
square yards
acres
"
sq. cms.
"
sq. ft.
"
sq. inches
"
sq. meters
"
sq. miles
"
sq. millimeters

INTO

1.8

0.555
1,016.0
2,240.0
1.120
1,000.0
2,205.0
907.1848
32,000.0
29,166.66
2,000.0
2,430.56
0.89287
0.9078
9,765.0
2,000.0
83.333
0.16643
1.3349

watts
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
watt-hours
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
webers
"
webers/sq. in.
"
"
"
webers/sq. meter
"
"
"

Btu/hr.
Btu/min.
ergs/sec.
foot-lbs./min.
foot-lbs./sec.
horsepower
horsepower (metric)
kg.-calories/min.
kilowatts
Btu
ergs
foot-pounds
gram-calories
horsepower-hrs.
kilogram-calories
kilogram-meters
kilowatt-hrs.
maxwells
kilolines
gausses
lines/sq. in.
webers/sq. cm.
webers/sq. meter
gausses
lines/sq. in.
webers/sq. cm.
webers/sq. in.

3.4192
0.05688
107.0
44.27
0.7378
1.341 x 10-
1.360 x 10-
0.01433
0.001
3.413
3.60 x 10
2,656.0
859.85
1.341 x 10-
0.8605
367.2
0.001
10
10
1.550 x 10
10
0.1550
1,550.0
10
6.452 x 10
10-
6.452 x 10-

Y
yards
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

centimeters
feet
inches
kilometers
meters
miles (naut.)
miles (stat.)
millimeters

91.44
3.0
36.0
9.144 x 10-
0.9144
4.934 x 10-
5.682 x 10-
914.4

11

Equivalents: Liquid Measures and Weights

TO OBTAIN
MULTIPLY
BY

U.S.
Cubic Foot

8.337

0.13368
0.16054

Imperial
Gallon

U.S. Gallon

0.833

8.0

Imperial Gallon

1.2009

9.60762

U.S. Pint

0.125

0.1041

1.042

0.01671

U.S. Pound Water*

0.11995

0.1

0.9596

0.016035

U.S. Cubic Foot

7.48052

6.22888

U.S. Cubic Inch

0.004329

0.00361

0.034632

0.03609

0.0005787

Liter

0.2641779

0.2199756

2.113423

2.202

0.0353154

Cubic Meter

264.170

219.969

U.S.
Pint

U.S.
Pound
Water*

U.S.
Gallon

59.8442

2113.34

10.0

62.365

2202.0

35.31446

*Water at 60F (15.6C)

1 Barrel = 42 gallons (petroleum measure)

U.S.
Cubic Inch

Liter

Cubic
Meter

231.0

3.78533

0.003785

277.42

4.54596

0.004546

28.875

0.473166

0.000473

27.708

0.45405

0.000454

28.31702

0.028317

1728.0
1
61.02509
61023.38

0.016387

0.0000164

0.001000

999.972

EXAMPLE:
(8 Imperial gallons) (4.54596) = 36.36768 liters

Equivalents: Kinematic Viscosity

To convert kinematic viscosity from one set of units to another,
locate the given set of units in the left hand column and multiply
the numerical value by the factor shown horizontally to the right,
under the set of units desired.
centistokes

stokes
cm2
sec

Kinematic
Viscosity
centistokes
stokes

(v)

(v)
1

(100 v)
0.01

cm2
sec

(100 v)

100

(v')

92,900

929

ft2
sec

12

As an example, suppose a given kinematic viscosity of 0.5

square foot/second is to be converted to centistokes. By referring to the table, we find the conversion factor to be 92,900.
Then, 0.5 (sq ft/sec) times 92,900 = 46,450 centistokes.
ft2
sec

(v')
1.076 (105)

1.076 (103)

Equivalents: Absolute Viscosity

To convert absolute or dynamic viscosity from one set of units
to another, locate the given set of units in the left hand column
and multiply the numerical value by the factor shown
horizontally to the right under the set of units desired.

As an example, suppose a given absolute viscosity of 2 poise is

to be converted to slugs/foot second. By referring to the table,
we find the conversion factor to be 2.09 (10). Then, 2 (poise)
times 2.09 (10) = 4.18 (10) = 0.00418 slugs/foot second.

centipoise

gram
cm sec

Absolute
or
Dynamic
Viscosity

poundsm
ft sec

pounds f
ft2

poundal sec
ft2

( e)

dyne sec
cm2
()

(100 )

(' e)

()

0.01

2.09 (10 )

6.72 (104)

(100 )

100

2.09 (103)

0.0672

('e)

47,900

479

g or 32.2

(e)

1,487

14.87

1 or .0311

centipoise
poise
gram
cm sec

slugs
ft sec

poise

dyne sec
cm2
slugs
ft. sec
*poundsf sec
ft2
pounds m
ft. sec
poundal sec
ft2

g
*Poundf = Pound of Force

Poundm = Pound of Mass

Equivalents: Electrical Units

Practical Unit

Cgs Electromagnetic Unit

Cgs Electrostatic Unit

Emf

volt = 108 abvolts

volt = 3.3 x 103 statvolt

abvolt = 108 volt

abvolt = 3.3 x 1011 statvolt

statvolt = 300 volts (approx.)

statvolt = 3 x 1010 abvolts

Resistance

ohm = 109 abohms

ohm = 1.1 x 1012 statohm

abohm = 109 ohm

abohm = 1.1 x 1021 statohm

statohm = 9 x 1011 ohms

statohm = 9 x 1020 abohms

Current

ampere = 101 abampere

ampere = 3 x 109 statamperes

abampere = 10 amperes
abampere = 3 x 1010 statamperes

statampere = 3.3 x 1010 ampere

statampere = 3.3 x 1011 abampere

Quantity

coulomb = 101 abcoulomb

coulomb = 3 x 109 statcoulombs

abcoulomb = 10 coulombs
abcoulomb = 3 x 1010 statcoulombs

statcoulomb = 3.3 x 1010 coulomb

statcoulomb = 3.3 x 1011 abcoulombs

Capacitance

farad = 109 abfarads

farad = 9 x 1011 statfarads

abfarad = 109 farads

abfarad = 9 x 1020 statfarads

statfarad = 1.1 x 1012 farads

statfarad = 1.1 x 1021 abfarads

henry = 109 abhenries

henry = 1.1 x 1012 stathenry
joule = 107 ergs

abhenry = 109 henry

abhenry = 1.1 x 1021 stathenries
erg = 10-7 joule

stathenry = 9 x 1011 henries

stathenry = 9 x 1020 abhenries
erg = 107 joule

watt = 10 ____
ergs
sec

erg = 107 watt

sec

erg = 107 watt

sec

Inductance
Energy

Power

13

Equivalents: Degrees API and Degrees Baum

Values for Baum Scale
Liquids Lighter Than Water
Liquids Heavier Than Water

Values for API Scale

Oil
Degrees on API
or Baum Scale

Specific
Gravity
S

14

Weight
Density
Lb/Ft3
p

Pounds
per
Gallon

Pounds
per
Gallon

Weight
Density
Lb/Ft3
p

Specific
Gravity

Specific
Gravity
S

Weight
Density
Lb/Ft3
p

Pounds
per
Gallon

0
2
4
6
8

1.0000
1.0140
1.0284
1.0432
1.0584

62.36
63.24
64.14
65.06
66.01

8.337
8.454
8.574
8.697
8.824

10
12
14
16
18

1.0000
0.9861
0.9724
0.9593
0.9465

62.36
61.50
60.65
59.53
59.03

8.337
8.221
8.108
7.998
7.891

1.0000
0.9859
0.9722
0.9589
0.9459

62.36
61.49
60.63
59.80
58.99

8.337
8.219
8.105
7.994
7.886

1.0741
1.0902
1.1069
1.1240
1.1417

66.99
67.99
69.03
70.10
71.20

8.955
9.089
9.228
9.371
9.518

20
22
24
26
28

0.9340
0.9218
0.9100
0.8984
0.8871

58.25
57.87
56.75
56.03
55.32

7.787
7.736
7.587
7.490
7.396

0.9333
0.9211
0.9091
0.8974
0.8861

58.20
57.44
56.70
55.97
55.26

7.781
7.679
7.579
7.482
7.387

1.1600
1.1789
1.1983
1.2185
1.2393

72.34
73.52
74.73
75.99
77.29

9.671
9.828
9.990
10.159
10.332

30
32
34
36
38

0.8762
0.8654
0.8550
0.8448
0.8348

54.64
53.97
53.32
52.69
52.06

7.305
7.215
7.128
7.043
6.960

0.8750
0.8642
0.8537
0.8434
0.8333

54.57
53.90
53.24
52.60
51.97

7.295
7.205
7.117
7.031
6.947

1.2609
1.2832
1.3063
1.3303
1.3551

78.64
80.03
81.47
82.96
84.51

10.512
10.698
10.891
11.091
11.297

40
42
44
46
48

0.8251
0.8155
0.8063
0.7972
0.7883

51.46
50.86
50.28
49.72
49.16

6.879
6.799
6.722
6.646
6.572

0.8235
0.8140
0.8046
0.7955
0.7865

51.36
50.76
50.18
49.61
49.05

6.865
6.786
6.708
6.632
6.557

1.3810
1.4078
1.4356
1.4646
1.4948

86.13
87.80
89.53
91.34
93.22

11.513
11.737
11.969
12.210
12.462

50
52
54
56
58

0.7796
0.7711
0.7628
0.7547
0.7467

48.62
48.09
47.57
47.07
46.57

6.499
6.429
6.359
6.292
6.225

0.7778
0.7692
0.7609
0.7527
0.7447

48.51
47.97
47.45
46.94
46.44

6.484
6.413
6.344
6.275
6.209

1.5263
1.5591
1.5934
1.6292
1.6667

95.19
97.23
99.37
101.60
103.94

12.725
12.998
13.284
13.583
13.895

60
62
64
66
68

0.7389
0.7313
0.7238
0.7165
0.7093

46.08
45.61
45.14
44.68
44.23

6.160
6.097
6.034
5.973
5.913

0.7368
0.7292
0.7216
0.7143
0.7071

45.95
45.48
45.00
44.55
44.10

6.143
6.079
6.016
5.955
5.895

1.7059
1.7470
1.7901
1.8354
1.8831

106.39
108.95
111.64
114.46
117.44

14.222
14.565
14.924
15.302
15.699

70
72
74
76
78

0.7022
0.6953
0.6886
0.6819
0.6754

43.79
43.36
42.94
42.53
42.12

5.854
5.797
5.741
5.685
5.631

0.7000
0.6931
0.6863
0.6796
0.6731

43.66
43.22
42.80
42.38
41.98

5.836
5.788
5.722
5.666
5.612

1.9333

120.57

16.118

80
82
84
86
88

0.6690
0.6628
0.6566
0.6506
0.6446

41.72
41.33
40.95
40.57
40.20

5.577
5.526
5.474
5.424
5.374

0.6667
0.6604
0.6542
0.6482
0.6422

41.58
41.19
40.80
40.42
40.05

5.558
5.506
5.454
5.404
5.354

90
92
94
96
98
100

0.6388
0.6331
0.6275
0.6220
0.6166
0.6112

39.84
39.48
39.13
38.79
38.45
38.12

5.326
5.278
5.231
5.186
5.141
5.096

0.6364
0.6306
0.6250
0.6195
0.6140
0.6087

39.69
39.33
38.98
38.63
38.29
37.96

5.306
5.257
5.211
5.165
5.119
5.075

Equivalents: Kinematic and Saybolt Viscosity

Equivalents of Kinematic and
Saybolt Furol Viscosity
Kinematic
Viscosity,
Centistokes
v

Equivalents of Kinematic and

Saybolt Universal Viscosity
Equivalent Saybolt
Furol Viscosity, Sec

At 122F (50C)
Basic Values

At 210F (99C)

48
50
60

25.3
26.1
30.6

25.2
29.8

70
80
90

35.1
39.6
44.1

34.4
39.0
43.7

100
125
150
175

48.6
60.1
71.7
83.8

48.3
60.1
71.8
83.7

200
225
250
275

95.0
106.7
118.4
130.1

95.6
107.5
119.4
131.4

300
325
350
375

141.8
153.6
165.3
177.0

143.5
155.5
167.6
179.7

400
425
450
475

188.8
200.6
212.4
224.1

191.8
204.0
216.1
228.3

500
525
550
575

235.9
247.7
259.5
271.3

240.5
252.8
265.0
277.2

600
625
650
675

283.1
294.9
306.7
318.4

289.5
301.8
314.1
326.4

700
725
750
775

330.2
342.0
353.8
365.5

338.7
351.0
363.4
375.7

800
825
850
875

377.4
389.2
400.9
412.7

388.1
400.5
412.9
425.3

900
925
950
975

424.5
436.3
448.1
459.9

437.7
450.1
462.5
474.9

1000
1024
1050
1075

471.7
483.5
495.2
507.0

487.4
499.8
512.3
524.8

1100
1125
1150
1175

518.8
530.6
542.4
554.2

537.2
549.7
562.2
574.7

1200
1225
1250
1275
1300
Over 1300

566.0
577.8
589.9
601.3
613.1
Saybolt Furol
Seconds =
Centistokes x
0.4717

587.2
599.7
612.2
624.8
637.3
Log (Saybolt Furol
Seconds - 2.87) =
1.0276 [Log
(Centistokes)] 0.3975

Kinematic
Viscosity,
Centistokes
v

Equivalent Saybolt
Universal Viscosity, Sec
At 100F (37.8C)
Basic Values

At 210F (99C)

1.83
2.0
4.0

32.01
32.62
39.14

32.23
32.85
39.41

6.0
8.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

45.56
52.09
58.91
77.39
97.77

45.88
52.45
59.32
77.93
98.45

25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

119.3
141.3
163.7
186.3
209.1

120.1
142.3
164.9
187.6
210.5

50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0

232.1
255.2
278.3
301.4
324.4

233.8
257.0
280.2
303.5
326.7

75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0

347.6
370.8
393.9
417.1
440.3

350.0
373.4
396.7
420.0
443.4

100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0

463.5
556.2
648.9
741.6
834.2

466.7
560.1
653.4

200.0
220.0
240.0
250.0
280.0

926.9
1019.6
1112.3
1205.0
1297.7

300.0
320.0
340.0
360.0
380.0

1390.4
1483.1
1575.8
1668.5
1761.2

400.0
420.0
440.0
460.0
480.0
500.0

1853.9
1946.6
2039.3
2132.0
2224.7
2317.4

Over 500

Saybolt Seconds
=
Centistokes
x 4.6347

Saybolt Seconds
=
Centistokes
x 4.6673

Note: To obtain the Saybolt Universal viscosity equivalent to a

kinematic viscosity determined at t, multiply the equivalent Saybolt
Universal viscosity at 100F (37.8C) by 1+(t - 100) 0.000 064.
For example, 10 v at 210F (99C) are equivalent to 58.91 multiplied
by 1.0070 or 59.32 sec Saybolt Universal at 210F (99C).
These tables are reprinted with the permission of the American Society
for Testing Materials (ASTM). The table at the left was abstracted from
Table 1,D2161-63T. The table at the right was abstracted from Table 3,
D2161-63T.

15

16

2048.16

14.2233

5.1929

62.315

70.7262

2.78450

2088.54

20885.4

0.036062

0.432744

0.491154

0.0193368

14.5038

145.038

in./water*

ft./water*

in. mercury

mm mercury

Bars

MPa

.0014198

mm water
column

.20445

.0000966

0.0098692

9.8692

0.98692

0.0013158

0.033420

0.029446

0.002454

0.0000968

0.96784

0.000473

0.068046

Atmospheres

EXAMPLE:
(5 kg/cm2) (2048.16) = 10,240.8 lb./ft.2

*Water at 68F (20C)

0.145038

kPa

20.8854

0.204816

0.001422

kg/m

kg/cm

2116.22

14.696

144.0

lb/ft2

0.0069444

lb/in2

Atmospheres

lb/ft.

lb/in.2

TO OBTAIN
MULTIPLY
BY

.99819

101.972

101972.0

10197.2

13.595

345.319

304.249

25.354

10000.0

10332.0

4.88243

703.070

kg/m2

.039370

4.02190

4021.90

402.190

0.53621

13.6197

12.0

0.03944

394.41

407.520

0.019257

27.7300

in.
water
(68F)*

mercury at 32F (0C)

.0000998

0.0101972

10.1972

1.01972

0.0013595

0.03453

0.030425

0.00253

0.0001

1.0332

0.000488

0.070307

kg/cm2

.002891

0.2953

295.300

29.5300

0.03937

0.88108

0.073423

0.002896

28.959

29.921

0.014139

2.03602

in.
mercury
(32F)

.073423

7.50061

7500.61

750.061

25.4

22.3793

1.8649

0.073556

735.558

760.00

0.35913

51.7149

mm
mercury
(32F)

.0000979

0.01

10.0

0.001333

0.033864

0.29837

0.002486

0.000098

0.98066

1.01325

0.0004788

0.068948

Bars

.0000098

0.001

0.10

0.0001333

0.0033864

0.0029837

0.000249

0.0000098

0.098066

0.101325

0.0000479

0.0068948

MegaPascals
(MPa)

0.04788

6.8948

kPa

1
.0097889

1000.0

100.0

0.13332

3.3864

2.9837

0.24864

0.0098

98.066

101.325

MPa (MegaPascal) = 10 Bars = 1,000,000 N/m2 (Newtons/meter2)

.003281

0.33516

335.158

33.5158

0.044684

1.1350

0.08333

0.003287

32.868

33.9600

0.016048

2.3108

ft.
water
(68F)*

102.156

102156.0

10215.6

13.6197

345.94

304.800

25.4

1.00181

10018.1

10351.0

4.89127

704.342

mm
water
(68F)

To convert from one set of units to another, locate the given unit in the left hand column, and multiply the numerical value by the factor shown horizontally to the right,
under the set of units desired.

Equivalents: Pressure and Head

Properties: Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Liquids

Liquid
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Acetic Anhydride
Acid, Acetic Conc.
Acid, Benzoic
Acid, Butyric, Conc.
Acid, Hydrochloric, 42.5%
Acid, Hydrocyanic
Acid, Nitric, Conc. Boil.
Acid, Ortho-phosphoric
Ammonia, Saturated
Aniline
Argon
Asphalt
Beer
Benzene
Brine, 10% CaCl
Brine, 10% NaCl
Bromine
Bunkers C Fuel Max
Butane-n
Carbon Disulphide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Tetrachloride
China Wood Oil
Chloride
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Chromic Acid
Citric Acid
Cocoanut Oil
Corn syrup 86.4 Brix
Corn syrup 78.4 Brix
Creosote
Cresol, Meta
Decane-n
Diesel Fuel grade 1-D
Diesel Fuel grade 2-D
Diesel Fuel grade 4-D
Diphenyl
Distallate
Dowtherm A
Ethanol
Ether
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethylamine
Ethyl Benzene
Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl Oxide
Ethylene Glycol
Fluorine
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Fuell 3 Max
Fuel 5 Min
Fuel 5 Max
Fuel 6 Min
Fuel Oil (Bunker C)
Furfural
Gasoline
Gasoline, Natural
Glucose
Glycerol (Glycerine)
Glycol
Helium
Heptane
Heptane-n
Hexane-n
Hexanol
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Ink, printers
Ionene
Isobutyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Jet Fuel, grade JP-4
Kerosene
Lard

Temperature
F
C
64
60
68
68
59
68
64
64
64
65
10
68
60
75
60
32
32
32
60
60
60
32
60
68
60
77
68
68
60
60
60
60
60
60
68
60
60
60
60
163
60
700
77
77
68
77
61
68
68
30
60
60
113
100
60
60
60
60
59
68
60
60
60
122
68
60
68
60
60
77
60
60
60
60
77
68
68
60
60
60

17.8
15.6
20.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
17.8
17.8
17.8
18.3
-12.2
20.0
15.6
23.9
15.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
0.0
15.6
20.0
15.6
25.0
20.0
20.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
20.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
72.8
15.6
371.1
25.0
25.0
20.0
25.0
16.1
20.0
20.0
-1.1
15.6
15.6
45.0
37.8
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
20.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
50.0
20.0
15.6
20.0
15.6
15.6
25.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
25.0
20.0
20.0
15.6
15.6
15.6

Density Specific
Gravity
lb/ft3
38.9
49.4
67.5
65.5
79.0
60.2
92.3
43.5
93.7
114.4
40.9
63.8
102.9
61.1
63.0
56.1
68.1
67.2
182.7
63.3
36.4
80.6
49.9
99.6
58.8
97.3
69.1
92.9
75.5
96.1
57.9
91.1
87.9
66.7
64.5
45.5
51.5
54.0
57.3
61.9
63.0
45.5
48.6
44.7
56.1
49.1
42.6
53.6
78.0
54.9
70.5
69.7
50.8
56.1
56.0
60.2
61.9
61.9
62.3
72.3
46.8
42.4
87.3
78.6
69.2
8.7
42.7
42.9
41.4
50.7
57.4
53.6
49.3
74.8
58.3
50.5
49.9
53.0
50.8
59.9

0.8
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.4
0.8
1.5
1.8
0.7
1.0
1.7
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
3.0
1.0
0.6
1.3
0.8
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.5
0.9
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.0
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.9
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
0.8
0.7
1.4
1.3
1.1
0.1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.2
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.8
1.0

Liquid
Lard Oil
Linolenic Acid
Linseed Oil
M. C. Residuum
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Methane
Methyl Alcohol
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Propyl
Milk
Mineral Oil
Naphtha, Petroleum
Naphtha, Wood
Naphthalene
Nonane-n
Nonanol
Ocimene
Octane-n
Oil, Olive
Palmitic Acid
Pentane
Petroleum Ether
Phenol
Phosgene
Phosphorus
Propane
Propanol
Propyl Alcohol
Propylene
Propylene Glycol
Pyridine
Resorcinol
Rosin Oil
Sabiname
SAE 10 Lube
SAE 30 Lube
SAE 70 Lube
Salt Creek Crude
Silane
Sorbaldehyde
Sperm Oil
Starch
Stearic Acid
Styrene
Sucrose 60 Brix
Sucrose 76 Brix
Sulphur Dioxide
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphur Trioxide
32.6 API Crude
35.6 API Crude
40 API Crude
48 API Crude
Tar, Road RT-4
Tar, Road RT-8
Tar, Road RT-12
Terpinene
Toluene (Toluol)
Transmission Oil
Trichloroethylene
Turpentine
Varnish, spar
Vegetable Oil
Water
Water
Water, Distilled
Water, sea
Whale Oil
Xylol (Xylene)

Temperature
F
C
60
77
60
60
20
40
60
80
100
-2.66
77
68
72
58
60
80
59
77
77
60
77
77
60
69
77
59
60
77
32
93
0
77
77
77
77
68
77
60
77
60
60
60
60
77
77
60
60
77
77
60
60
32
68
60
70
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
212
68
80
68
60
60
60
60
100
70
60
60
68

15.6
25.0
15.6
15.6
-6.7
4.4
15.6
26.7
37.8
-16.3
25.0
20.0
22.2
14.4
15.6
26.7
15.0
25.0
25.0
15.6
25.0
25.0
15.6
15.0
25.0
15.0
15.6
25.0
0
33.9
-17.7
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
20.0
25.0
15.6
25.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
25.0
25.0
15.6
15.6
25.0
25.0
15.6
15.6
0.0
20.0
15.6
21.1
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
100.0
20.0
26.7
20.0
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
37.8
21.1
15.6
15.6
20.0

Density Specific
Gravity
lb/ft3
57.4
56.3
58.0
58.3
849.7
848.0
846.3
844.6
842.9
29.1
49.2
83.4
49.9
50.5
64.8
56.1
41.6
43.7
60.1
64.8
51.3
49.9
44.1
57.3
53.2
38.9
39.9
66.8
86.1
108.5
30.1
50.3
50.0
32.2
60.4
61.3
79.3
61.1
50.8
54.6
56.0
57.1
53.8
44.8
56.0
86.7
93.6
58.7
56.5
80.5
86.7
89.2
116.0
114.1
119.8
53.8
52.8
51.4
49.2
67.4
70.5
71.7
53.0
54.1
58.6
91.5
53.9
56.1
56.8
62.4
61.9
61.7
64.2
57.7
55.0

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.5
0.5
0.8
1.3
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.6
1.1
1.4
1.7
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.9
1.4
1.5
0.9
0.9
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.2
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.5
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9

Density is shown for the temperature listed.

Specific gravity uses water at 60F as base conditions.

17

Properties: Density and Specific Gravity of Selected Gases

Gas

Chemical
Formula

Acetylene
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Bio Gas (65% Methane, 35% CO2)

Molecular
Weight

Density
lb/ft3

Density
kg/m3

Specific
Gravity

C2H2

26.04

.0673

1.1459

0.899

28.96

.0748

1.2740

1.000

NH3

17.03

.0440

0.7491

0.588

Ar

39.95

.1032

1.7572

1.379

25.83

.0668

1.1363

0.892

Butane-N

C4H10

58.12

.1502

2.5567

2.007

Butylene

C4H8

56.11

.1450

2.4681

1.937

Carbon Dioxide

CO2

44.11

.1137

1.9359

1.520

Carbon Monoxide

CO

28.01

.0724

1.2321

0.967

Chlorine

Cl2

70.91

.1833

3.1205

2.499

Ethane

C2H6

30.07

.0777

1.3227

1.038

Ethylene

C2H4

28.05

.0725

1.2340

0.969

Helium
Hextane, Average
Hydrogen

He

4.00

.0103

0.1761

0.138

C6H14

86.18

.2227

3.7908

2.976

H2

2.02

.0052

0.0887

0.070

Hydrogen Sulfide

H2S

34.08

.0881

1.4997

2.125

Methane

CH4

16.04

.0415

0.7057

0.554

Nitric Oxide

NO

30.00

.0776

1.3202

1.071

Nitrogen

N2

28.01

.0724

1.2323

0.967

N2O

44.01

.1138

1.9367

1.376

Oxygen

O2

32.00

.0827

1.4076

1.105

Pentane

C5H12

72.15

.1865

3.1738

2.491

Propane

C3H8

44.10

.1140

1.9397

1.523

Propylene

C3H6

42.08

.1088

1.8510

1.453

Sulphur Dioxide

SO2

64.06

.1656

2.8191

2.213

Nitrous Oxide

Density is given for gas at 14.7 psia @ +70 F.

Density is given for gas at 1 bar @ +0 C.

18

Properties: Density and Specific Gravity of Saturated Water

Temperature
F

Pressure
PSI

Density
lbs/ft3

S.G.

Temperature
F

Pressure
PSI

Density
lbs/ft3

S.G.

32

0.09

62.42

1.00

210

99

14.13

59.88

0.96

35

0.10

62.42

1.00

212

100

14.70

59.81

0.96

40

0.12

62.42

1.00

220

104

17.19

59.63

0.96

45

0.15

62.42

1.00

230

110

20.78

59.35

0.95

50

10

0.18

62.42

1.00

240

116

24.97

59.10

0.95

52

11

0.19

62.38

1.00

250

121

29.82

58.82

0.94

54

12

0.21

62.38

1.00

260

127

65.42

58.55

0.94

56

13

0.22

62.38

1.00

270

132

41.83

58.24

0.93

58

14

0.24

62.38

1.00

280

138

49.18

57.94

0.93

60

16

0.26

62.34

1.00

290

143

57.53

57.64

0.92

62

17

0.28

62.34

1.00

300

149

66.98

57.31

0.92

64

18

0.30

62.34

1.00

310

154

77.64

56.98

0.91

66

19

0.32

62.34

1.00

320

160

89.60

56.66

0.91

68

20

0.34

62.31

1.00

330

166

103.00

56.34

0.90

70

21

0.36

62.31

1.00

340

171

117.93

55.96

0.90

72

22

0.39

62.27

1.00

350

177

134.53

55.59

0.89

74

23

0.42

62.27

1.00

360

182

152.92

55.22

0.88

76

24

0.45

62.27

1.00

370

188

173.23

54.85

0.88

78

26

0.48

62.23

1.00

380

193

195.60

54.47

0.87

80

27

0.51

62.23

1.00

390

199

220.20

54.05

0.87

82

28

0.54

62.19

1.00

400

204

247.10

53.65

0.86

84

29

0.58

62.19

1.00

410

210

276.50

53.25

0.85

86

30

0.62

62.15

1.00

420

216

308.50

52.80

0.85

88

31

0.66

62.15

1.00

430

221

343.30

52.38

0.84

90

32

0.70

62.11

1.00

440

227

381.20

51.92

0.83

92

33

0.74

62.07

0.99

450

232

422.10

51.47

0.82

94

34

0.79

62.07

0.99

460

238

466.30

50.99

0.82

96

36

0.84

62.03

0.99

470

243

514.10

50.51

0.81

98

37

0.89

62.03

0.99

480

249

565.50

50.00

0.80

100

38

0.95

62.00

0.99

490

254

620.70

49.48

0.79

110

43

1.28

61.84

0.99

500

260

680.00

48.95

0.78

120

49

1.70

61.69

0.99

520

271

811.40

47.82

0.77

130

54

2.23

61.54

0.99

540

282

961.50

46.62

0.75

140

61

2.89

61.39

0.98

560

293

1131.80

45.31

0.73

150

66

3.72

61.20

0.98

580

304

1324.30

43.90

0.70

160

71

4.74

60.98

0.98

600

316

1541.00

42.32

0.68

170

77

6.00

60.79

0.97

620

327

1784.40

40.57

0.65

180

82

7.52

60.57

0.97

640

338

2057.10

38.57

0.62

190

88

9.34

60.35

0.97

660

349

2362.00

36.14

0.58

200

92

11.53

60.13

0.96

680

360

2705.00

32.98

0.53

700

371

3090.00

27.28

0.44

705

374

3204.00

19.79

0.32

19

Properties: Density of Superheated Steam and Compressed Water

Superheated Steam and Compressed Water Density lbm/ft3

Temperature
F

20

1
PSIA

2
PSIA

5
PSIA

10
PSIA

20
PSIA

50
PSIA

100
PSIA

200
PSIA

500
PSIA

750
PSIA

1000
PSIA

32
40
60
80
100

0
4
16
27
38

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.42
62.42
62.37
62.23
62.00

62.46
62.46
62.42
62.27
62.04

62.54
62.54
62.46
62.31
62.07

62.58
62.58
62.50
62.38
62.15

62.62
62.62
62.58
62.42
62.19

120
140
160
180
200

49
60
71
82
93

.002901
.002804
.002713
.002628
.002548

61.73
.005619
.005435
.005263
.005101

61.73
61.39
60.98
.01321
.01280

61.73
61.39
60.98
60.55
.02575

61.73
61.39
61.01
60.57
60.10

61.73
61.39
61.01
60.57
60.13

61.73
61.39
61.01
60.57
60.13

61.77
61.43
61.01
60.61
60.13

61.81
61.46
61.09
60.68
60.21

61.84
61.50
61.13
60.72
60.24

61.88
61.58
61.20
60.75
60.31

220
240
260
280
300

104
116
127
138
149

.002472
.002402
.002334
.002271
.002211

.004950
.004807
.004672
.004545
.004425

.01241
.01205
.01171
.01139
.01108

.02495
.02420
.02351
.02285
.02223

59.59
.04885
.04738
.04602
.04473

59.60
59.10
58.51
57.94
.1140

59.60
59.10
58.55
57.94
57.31

59.67
59.10
58.55
57.97
57.34

59.70
59.17
58.62
58.04
57.41

59.77
59.24
58.69
58.07
57.57

59.81
59.28
58.72
58.14
57.54

320
340
360
380
400

160
171
182
193
204

.002154
.002100
.002049
.002000
.001954

.004311
.004203
.004100
.004002
.003908

.01079
.01052
.01026
.01002
.009781

.02165
.02109
.02057
.02007
.01960

.04352
.04239
.04131
.04029
.03933

.1107
.1076
.1047
.1019
.09938

56.63
.2213
.2146
.2084
.2026

56.66
55.96
55.22
54.47
.4238

56.75
56.05
55.31
54.56
53.74

56.82
56.12
55.40
54.65
53.82

56.88
56.18
55.46
54.71
53.91

420
440
460
480
500

216
227
238
249
260

.001909
.001866
.001826
.001787
.001750

.003819
.003734
.003653
.003575
.003500

.009557
.009343
.009139
.008944
.008756

.01914
.01871
.01830
.01791
.01753

.03841
.03753
.03670
.03590
.03514

.09696
09466
.09249
.09042
.08845

.1973
.1923
.1876
.1832
.1790

.4104
.3982
.3870
.3766
.3670

52.88
51.98
50.99
1.049
1.008

52.97
52.08
51.13
50.08
48.97

53.08
52.17
51.23
50.20
49.12

520
540
560
580
600

271
282
293
304
316

.001714
.001680
.001647
.001615
.001585

.003429
.003360
.003294
.003230
.003169

.008576
.008405
.008239
.008080
.007927

.01717
.01682
.01649
.01617
.01587

03441
.03371
.03304
.03240
.03178

.08657
.08477
.08305
.08140
.07982

.1750
.1712
.1676
.1642
.1609

.3580
.3496
.3416
.3341
.3270

.9728
.9413
.9128
.8870
.8633

1.603
1.530
1.468
1.415
1.367

47.94
46.64
2.142
2.035
1.947

620
640
660
680
700

327
338
349
360
371

.001555
.001527
.001499
.001473
.001448

.003111
.003054
.002999
.002947
.002896

.007780
.007638
.007501
.007369
.007242

.01557
.01529
.01501
.01475
.01449

.03119
.03061
.03006
.02953
.02902

.07830
.07683
.07543
.07408
.07278

.1577
.1547
.1518
.1490
.1464

.3202
.3137
.3076
.3017
.2960

.8413
.8209
.8019
.7840
.7671

1.325
1.287
1.252
1.219
1.189

1.871
1.804
1.746
1.693
1.645

720
740
760
780
800

382
393
404
416
427

.001423
.001400
.001376
.001354
.001333

.002847
.002799
.002753
.002709
.002666

.007119
.007000
.006885
.006774
.006666

.01425
.01401
.01378
.01355
.01334

.02852
.02804
.02758
.02713
.02670

.07152
.07030
.06913
.06800
.06690

.1438
.1413
.1389
.1366
.1344

.2906
.2854
.2804
.2755
.2709

.7510
.7359
.7215
.7077
.6946

1.161
1.135
1.111
1.087
1.065

1.601
1.560
1.523
1.488
1.455

820
840
860
880
900

438
449
460
471
482

.001312
.001292
.001272
.001253
.001235

.002624
002584
.002545
.002507
.002470

.006562
.006461
.006363
.006268
.006175

.01313
.01293
.01273
.01254
.01235

.02628
.02587
.02548
.02509
.02472

.06584
.06482
.06382
.06286
.06192

.1322
.1301
.1281
.1261
.1242

.2664
.2621
.2579
.2539
.2500

.6820
.6700
.6584
.6473
.6366

1.045
1.025
1.006
.9877
.9703

1.424
1.394
1.367
1.340
1.315

920
940
960
980
1000

493
504
516
527
538

.001217
.001199
.001182
.001166
.001150

.002434
.002399
.002365
.002332
.002300

.006086
.005998
.005914
.005832
.005752

.01217
.01200
.01183
.01167
.01151

.02436
.02401
.02367
.02334
.02302

.06101
.06013
.05928
.05845
.05764

.1224
.1206
.1187
.1172
.1155

.2462
.2425
.2389
.2355
.2321

.6263
.6163
.6068
.5976
.5885

.9537
.9377
.9223
.9075
.8933

1.291
1.269
1.247
1.226
1.206

Saturated Steam
Saturated Water
Tsat F

.002998
61.96
101.74

.005755
61.61
126.07

.01360
60.94
162.24

.02603
60.28
193.21

.04978
59.42
227.96

.1175
57.90
281.02

.2257
56.37
327.82

.4372
54.38
381.80

1.078
50.63
467.01

1.641
48.33
510.84

2.242
46.32
544.58

Properties: Specific Gravity of Petroleum Products

Temperature Relationship for Petroleum Oils
(Reproduced by permission from the Oil and Gas Journal)

0.8

0.7

0.6

4
. 6 24
6
0.

0.5

C 3H

H 10
C4
H 10
C4

09
8

0.3

C5

4
58
0. 564
0.

0.5

0.4

.0
65 .6
70 .6
76 .9
82 .5
89 H 12

Specific Gravity
60/60
1.04
API Gravity
1.00
at 60 F
.98
.96
.94
7
.92
10 .1
12.9 .0
.90
1
5
.88
19.0 .9
.86
22.3
.84
25.7
.82
29
.80
.3
33.
.7
0
37
.7 8
.
0
.74 6
41
.7
.1
45
.7 2
49 .4
.6 0
.9
5
.6 8
6
59 4.7
.7

0.9

0.37
C 2H 6

S Specific Gravity of Oil at any Temperature (Referred to water at 60 F)

1.0

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

0.2

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Temp. (F)
Example: The specific gravity of an oil at 60F is 0.85. The
specific gravity at 100F = 0.83.

CH = Ethane
CH = Propane
CH = Butane
iCH = Isobutane
iCH = Isopentane

To find the weight density of a petroleum oil at its flowing

temperature when the specific gravity at 60F is known,
multiply the specific gravity of the oil at flowing temperature
(see chart above) by 62.4, the density of water at 60F.
*Reprinted from Crane Companys Technical Paper 410.

Specific Gravity versus API Gravity

(for hydrocarbon based products and water gravity A.P.I.)

API
1.00

Specific Gravity

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

API =

141.5
131.5
G

0.50
150

130

110

90

70

50

30

10

21

Properties: Density of Air

Temperature

Air Density lbm/ft3

500
600
PSIA
PSIA

700
PSIA

800
PSIA

900
PSIA

1000
PSIA

1100
PSIA

4.0533
3.8295
3.6321
3.4567
3.2992

4.7628
4.492
4.2547
4.0447
3.857

5.4768
5.1594
4.8805
4.6347
4.4157

6.2031
5.8308
5.5086
5.2258
4.9748

6.9315
6.5051
6.1382
5.8175
5.5338

7.6632
7.1811
6.7684
6.409
6.092

2.6266
2.5205
2.4234
2.3339
2.2511

3.1569
3.0275
2.9093
2.8006
2.7001

3.6879
3.5347
3.3949
3.2666
3.1482

4.2191
4.0416
3.8798
3.7316
3.5951

4.7502
4.5478
4.3637
4.1954
4.0406

5.2805
5.0529
4.8464
4.6577
4.4845

5.8098
5.5567
5.3274
5.1184
4.9265

1.7406
1.684
1.6311
1.5815
1.5349

2.1744
2.103
2.0364
1.9741
1.9156

2.6073
2.521
2.4405
2.3654
2.2948

3.0391
2.938
2.8432
2.7551
2.6725

3.4695
3.3529
3.2444
3.1432
3.0485

3.8985
3.7665
3.6439
3.5296
3.4228

4.3257
4.1783
4.0417
3.9144
3.7953

4.7509
4.5882
4.4375
4.2972
4.1658

1.4911
1.4497
1.4107
1.3737
1.3388

1.8606
1.8088
1.7599
1.7136
1.6698

2.2288
2.1666
2.1078
1.9997
2.0523

2.5956
2.5231
2.4546
2.3897
2.6553

2.9608
2.8779
2.7997
2.7256
2.6553

3.3239
3.2306
3.1424
3.059
2.98

3.6846
3.4803
3.4819
3.389
3.3013

4.0424
3.9264
3.8174
3.7147
3.6184

14.73
PSIA

40
20
0
20
40

40
29
18
7
4

0.0949
0.0905
0.0866
0.0830
0.0797

0.6488
0.6182
0.5905
0.5652
0.5421

1.3087
1.245
1.1875
1.1353
1.0878

1.9796
1.8799
1.7906
1.71
1.6368

2.661
2.5227
2.3995
2.2887
2.1886

3.3525
3.1728
3.0135
2.8711
2.7429

60
80
100
120
140

16
27
38
49
60

0.0765
0.0737
0.0711
0.0687
0.0664

0.5208
0.5012
0.4829
0.4660
0.4503

1.0442
1.0041
0.9670
0.9327
0.9007

1.5699
1.5085
1.4519
1.3997
1.3511

2.0974
2.0141
1.9375
1.8668
1.8013

160
180
200
220
240

71
82
93
104
116

0.0641
0.0621
0.0602
0.0585
0.0568

0.4356
0.4218
0.4089
0.3967
0.3853

0.871
0.8432
0.8171
0.7927
0.7697

1.3061
1.264
1.2246
1.1877
1.1529

260
280
300
320
340

127
138
149
160
171

0.0552
0.0537
0.0523
0.0510
0.0497

0.3745
0.3644
0.3547
0.3456
0.3369

0.7480
0.7275
0.7081
0.6898
0.6724

1.1202
1.0893
1.0601
1.0325
1.0063

100
PSIA

200
PSIA

300
PSIA

400
PSIA

Properties: Speed of Sound

Gases
air, dry
ammonia
argon
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
chlorine
deuterium
ethane
ethylene
helium
hydrogen
hydrogen bromide
hydrogen chloride
hydrogen iodide
hydrogen sulfide
illuminating (coal gas)
methane
neon
nitric oxide
nitrogen
nitrous oxide
oxygen
sulfur dioxide

22

m/sec

ft/sec

331
415
308
259
338
206
890
308
317
965
1284
200
206
157
289
453
430
435
324
334
263
316
213

1086
1362
1010
850
1109
676
2920
1010
1040
3166
4213
656
676
515
948
1486
1411
1427
1063
1096
863
1037
699

Vapors
acetone
benzene
carbon tetrachloride
chloroform
ethanol
ethyl ether
methanol
water

m/sec

ft/sec

230
202
145
171
269
206
335
494

755
663
476
561
883
676
1099
1621

Note: the speed of sound in gases is measured at 32F (0C)

except ethane and nitric oxide which is measured at 50F (10C).
The speed of sound in vapors is measured at 206F (97C) except
water which is measured at 270F (134C).

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids

This listing contains dielectric values for the most commonly
used materials. This information can be used to help select a
probe, establish how much capacitance information your
particular application will develop, or determine the effect of a
coating on the probe.

Liquids
Acenaphthene
Acetal
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldoxime
Acetamide
Acetanilide
Acetic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Acetone
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetoxime
Acetylacetone
Acetylbromide
Acetylchloride
Acetylmethyl Hexyl Ketone
Acrylic Resin
Aliphatic Amine
Allyl Alcohol
Allyl Bromide
Allyl Chloride
Allyl Iodide
Allyl Isothiocyanate
Alluminum Bromide
Alluminum Oleate
Alox 600
Aminox
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia, Aqueous
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Alcohol
Amyl Alcohol
Amyl Alcohol
Amylamine
Amyl Benzoate
Amyl Bromide
Amyl Chloride
Amylene
Amylene Bromide
Amyl Ether
Amyl Formate
Amyl Iodide
Amylmercapton
Amyl Nitrate
Amyl Thiocyanate
Aniline
Aniline
Aniline
Anisaldehyde
Anisoldoxine
Anisole
Antimony Pentachloride
Antimony Tribromide
Antimony Trichloride
Antimony Tricodide
Arsenic Tribromide

Temperature
F
C
70
70
50
70
68
71
65
70
75
80
130
70
75
75
68
68
68
66
70
195
70
66
68
66
64
212
68
130
275
-30
-104
75
70
68
-180
68
140
72
68
50
52
70
58
60
66
62
68
62
68
32
68
212
68
145
68
68
212
166
347
98

21
21
10
21
20
22
18
21
24
27
54
21
24
24
20
20
20
19
20
90
21
19
20
19
18
100
20
54
135
-34
-75
24
21
20
-118
20
60
22
20
10
11
21
14
16
19
17
20
17
20
0
20
100
20
63
20
20
100
74
175
37

Dielectric
Constant
3.0
3.6
22.2
3.4
4.0
2.9
6.1
22.0
20.7
20.7
17.7
37.5
17.3
3.0
23.1
16.5
15.8
27.9
3.0
7.2
21.0
7.0
8.2
6.1
17.5
3.4
2.4
4.1
2.4
22.4
25.0
16.9
16.8
5.0
35.5
15.8
11.2
4.6
5.1
6.3
6.6
2.0
5.6
3.1
5.7
6.9
4.7
9.1
17.4
7.8
7.3
5.5
15.8
9.2
4.3
3.2
20.9
33.0
13.9
9.0

Non-conductive materials are those with dielectric values less

than 10. Conductive materials are those with dielectric values
greater than 10.

Liquids
Arsenic Trichloride
Arsenic Triiodide
Arsine
Asphalt
Azoxyanisole
Azoxybenzene
BPA
Beef Talo
Benzal Chloride
Benzaldehyde
Benzaldoxime
Benzene
Benzil
Benzonitrile
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzophenone
Benzotrichloride
Benzoylacetone
Benzoyl Chloride
Benzoyl Chloride
Benzyl Acetate
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzylamine
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Chloride
Benzyl Cyanide
Benzyl Ethylamine
Benzyl Methylamine
Benzyl Salicylate
Bornyl Acetate
Boron Bromide
Boronyl Chloride
Bromal
Bromocotyl Bromide
Bromohexadecane
Bromine
Bromo-2-Ethoxyheptane
Bromoaniline
Bromoanisole
Bromobenzene
Bromobutylene
Bromobutyric Acid
Bromodecane
Bromodocosane
Bromododocane
Bromo-2-Othoxypentane
Bromoform
Bromoheptane
Bromohexane
Bromolsovoleric Acid
Bromonaphtholene
Bromooctodecane
Bromopentaeocane
Bromoproplonic Acid
Bromotoluene
Bromotridecone
Bromoundecone
Butane
N-Butylacetate

Temperature
F
C
70
302
-58
75
122
104
68
70
68
68
68
68
202
68
160
68
122
68
68
158
75
70
68
68
68
68
68
68
67
68
70
32
202
70
68
76
68
68
66
86
68
68
68
76
130
76
76
68
76
76
68
66
86
68
68
68
50
15
30
66

21
150
-50
24
50
40
20
21
20
20
20
20
95
20
71
20
50
20
20
70
24
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
21
0
95
21
20
24
20
20
19
30
20
20
20
24
54
24
24
20
24
24
20
19
30
20
20
20
10
9
1
19

Dielectric
Constant
12.4
7.0
2.7
2.7
2.3
5.1
5.0
2.8
6.9
17.0
3.8
2.3
13.0
26.0
22.0
13.0
11.4
7.4
3.8
22.1
19.0
5.0
13.0
4.6
4.8
6.4
18.3
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.6
2.6
5.2
7.6
12.6
3.7
3.1
5.5
13.0
7.1
5.4
5.8
7.2
4.4
3.1
4.1
6.5
4.4
5.3
5.8
6.5
5.1
3.5
3.9
11.0
5.1
4.2
4.7
1.4
5.1

23

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.)

Liquids
Iso-Butylacetate
Iso-Butylamine
N-Butyl Alcohol
Iso-Butyl Alcohol
Iso-Butyl Alochol
Iso-Butyl Alcohol
Butylomine
N-Butyl Bromide
Butyl Chlorol
Butyl Chloride
N-Butyl Formate
N-Butyl Iodide
Iso-Butyl Iodide
Iso-Butyl Nitrate
Butyric Anhydride
Butyroldehyda
Butyric Acid
N-Butyricacid
Iso-Butyric Acid
Butyric Anhydride
Butyronitrile
Iso-Butyronitrile
Cable Oil
Camphanedione
Camphene
Camphorpinacane
Caproic Acid
Caprolactum
Caprylic Acid
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carvenone
Carveol
Carvone
Castor Oil
Castor Oil
Camphene
Camphoric Imide
Cetyl Iodide
Chloral Hydrate
Chlorocetic Acid
Chlorine
Chloroocelle Acid
Chloroacetone
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Chlorocyclohexane
Chloroheptane
Chloroform
Chlorohexanone oxime
Chlorohydrate
Chloronophtholene
O-Chlorophenol
3-Chloro-1, Dihydroxprone
Chlorooctane
Chlorotoluene
Cholestrol
Chorine
Chromyl Chloride
Cis-3-Hexene
Cinnamaldehyde
Citranconic Anhydride
Cocaine
Copper Oleate
Creosol
O-Cresol
M-Cresol
P-Cresol

24

Temperature
F
C
68
70
66
112
32
68
70
68
64
68
317
77
68
66
68
79
68
68
68
68
70
75
75
398
68
68
160
180
65
32
-110
68
68
68
64
71
58
75
104
480
68
59
140
32
68
68
68
212
76
71
32
192
68
76
66
68
76
68
80
170
68
76
75
68
68
68
62
75
75
75

20
21
19
45
0
20
21
20
18
20
158
25
20
19
20
26
20
20
20
20
21
24
24
203
20
20
71
82
18
0
-80
20
20
20
18
22
14
24
40
249
20
15
60
0
20
20
20
100
24
22
0
89
20
24
19
20
24
20
27
77
20
24
24
20
20
20
17
24
24
24

Dielectric
Constant
5.6
4.5
7.8
31.7
20.5
18.7
5.4
6.6
10.0
9.6
2.4
6.1
5.8
11.9
12.0
13.4
2.8
2.9
2.7
12.9
20.7
20.8
2.2
16.0
2.7
3.6
2.6
13.1
3.2
1.6
2.1
2.6
2.2
18.4
11.2
11.0
4.8
2.6
2.3
5.5
3.3
5.5
12.3
2.0
21.0
29.8
5.9
4.7
7.6
5.5
5.5
3.0
3.3
5.0
8.2
31.0
5.1
4.7
2.9
1.7
2.6
2.1
16.9
40.3
3.1
2.8
10.6
5.8
5.0
5.6

Liquids

Temperature
F
C

Cresol
75
Crisco Oil
130
Crotonic Nitrice
68
Cumaldehyde
59
Cumene
68
Cumicaldehyde
58
Cupric Oxide
60
Cyanoacetic Acid
40
Cyanoethyl Acetate
68
Cyanogen
73
Cyclohedane
68
Cyclohexane
68
Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
88
Cyclohexanone oxime
192
Cyclohexanemethanol
140
Cyclohexanone
68
Cyclohexylomine
5
Cyclohexylphenol
130
Cyclohexyltrifluoromethane
-120
Cyclohexanol
77
Cyclopentane
68
P-Cymene
63
Cymene
62
Decahydronaphthalene
68
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
68
Decamethyltetrasiloxane
68
Decane
68
Decane
340
Decylene
62
Decyne
68
Decanol
68
Deuterium
68
Deuterium Oxide
76
Diacetoxybutane
76
Diallyl Sufide
68
Dibenzyl Sebacate
68
Dibroheptane
24
Dibromobenzene
68
P-Dibromobenzene
190
Dibromobutane
68
Dibromoethylene
32
Dibromomethane
50
Dibromoheptane
76
Dibromohexane
76
Dibromopropane
68
Dibromopropyl Alcohol
70
Dibenzylomine
68
Dibutyl phtolote
86
Dibutyl tartrote
109
Dichlorocetic Acid
68
Dibutyl sebacote
86
Dichlorocotone
68
O-Dichlorobenzone
77
P-Dichlorobenzone
68
O-Dichlorobenzene
68
Dichlorobenzene
127
1, 2-Dichloroethane
77
Dichloroethane
68
Dichlorostyrene
76
Dichlorotoluene
68
Dicyclohexyladipate
95
1-Diethoxyethane
76
Diethyloniline
66
Diethyl Benzalmalamate
32
Diethyl Di-malmate
64
Diethyl Disulfide
64
Diethyl Glutarate
86
Diethyl Ketone
58
Diethyl-L-malate
68
Diethyl Malanate
70

24
54
20
15
20
14
16
4
20
23
20
20
31
89
60
20
21
54
-84
25
20
17
17
20
20
20
20
171
17
20
20
20
24
24
20
20
-4
20
88
20
0
10
24
24
20
21
20
30
43
20
30
20
25
20
20
53
25
20
24
20
35
24
19
0
18
18
30
14
20
21

Dielectric
Constant
5.0
2.2
28.0
11.0
2.4
10.7
18.1
33.0
19.3
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.6
3.0
9.7
18.2
5.3
4.0
11.0
15.0
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.8
2.7
2.2
8.1
1.3
78.3
6.6
4.9
4.6
5.1
8.8
4.5
5.7
7.7
7.8
5.1
5.0
4.3
9.1
3.6
6.4
9.4
10.7
4.5
14.0
7.5
2.9
7.5
2.8
10.7
16.7
2.6
6.9
4.8
3.8
5.5
8.0
10.2
15.9
6.7
17.3
9.5
7.9

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.)

Liquids
Diethylamine
Diethyl Oxalate
Diethyl Oxalacetate
Diethyl Racemote
Diethyl Sebacate
Diethyl Succinate
Diethyl Succinosuccinate
Diethyl Sulfide
Diethyl Sulfite
Diethyl Tortrate
Diethyl Disulfide
Dihydrocoroane
Dihydrocorvane
Diimylamine
Diioomylene
Diiodoethylene
Diiodomethane
Diisoomyl
Diisobutylomine
Dimethoxybenzene
Dimethylbromoethylene
Dimethyldichloro Silane
Dimethyleyclohexyomine
Dimethyloniline
Dimethyl Ethyl
Dimethyl Ethyl Carbinol
Dimethylheptane
Dimethyl-2-hexane
Dimethyl-1-Hydroxybenzene
Dimethyl Malanate
Dimethyl Oxalate
Dimethylpentane
Dimethylquinoxaline
Dimethyl Sulfide
Dimethyl Sulfate
D imethyltoluidine
M-Dinitro Benzene
Dinitrogen Oxide
Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Dioctyl phthalate
Dioxane 1,4
Dipolmitin
Dipentene
Diphenyl
Diphenylomine
Diphenylethane
Diphenyl Ether
Diphenylmethane
Diproppylomine
Dipropyl Ketone
Distearin
Docosane
Dodeanol
Dodecamethylcyclohexisolox
Dodecamethylpentasiloxane
Dodecyne
Dowtherm
Epichlorohydrin
Epon Resin
Ethonediomine
Ethanethiol
Ethanethiolic Acid
Ethanol
Ether
Ethoxybenzene
Ethoxyethyl Acetate
Ethoxypentane
Ethoxy-3-metylbutane
Ethoxytoluene
Ethoxynaphthalene

Temperature
F
C
68
70
66
68
86
86
66
68
68
68
66
66
66
64
62
180
76
62
71
73
68
68
180
68
68
68
68
68
62
68
68
68
76
68
68
68
68
32
58
76
77
161
68
166
125
230
82
62
70
62
172
122
76
68
68
76
70
68
75
68
58
68
77
75
68
86
73
68
68
66

20
21
19
20
30
30
19
20
20
20
19
19
19
18
17
82
24
17
22
23
20
20
82
20
20
20
20
20
17
20
20
20
24
20
20
20
20
0
14
24
25
72
20.
74
52
110
28
17
21
17
78
50
24
20
20
24
21
20
24
20
14
20
25
25
20
30
23
20
20
19

Dielectric
Constant
3.7
8.2
6.1
4.5
5.0
6.6
2.5
7.2
15.9
4.5
15.9
8.7
8.5
2.5
2.4
4.0
5.3
2.0
2.7
4.5
6.7
12.3
4.4
4.4
11.7
11.7
1.9
2.4
4.8
10.4
3.0
1.9
2.3
6.3
55.0
3.3
2.8
1.6
2.5
5.1
2.2
3.5
2.3
2.5
3.3
2.4
3.9
2.6
2.9
12.6
3.3
2.0
6.5
2.6
2.5
2.2
3.4
22.9
13.3
14.2
6.9
13.0
24.3
4.3
4.2
7.6
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.3

Liquids
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Acetoacetate
Ethyl Acetoneoxalate
Ethyl Acetophenoneoxalate
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Acrylate
Ethylamine
Ethyl Amyl Ether
Ethyloniline
Ethyl Benzene
Ethyl Benzoate
Ethyl Benzoylacetate
Ethyl Benzoylacetoacetate
Ethyl Benzyl Ether
Ethyl 1-Brombutyrate
Ethyl Bromide
Ethyl Bromoisobutyrate
Ethyl Bromoproprionate
Ethyl Butyrate
Ethyl Carbonate
Ethyl Chloracetate
Ethyl Chloroformate
Ethyl Chloropropionate
Ethyl Cinnamate
Ethyl Cyanoacetate
Ethyl Cyclobutane
Ethyl Dodeconoate
Ethylene Chloride
Ethylene Chlorohydrin
Ethylene Cyanide
Ethylenediamine
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Oxide
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Ethoxybenzoate
Ethyl Formate
Ethyl Formylphenylacetate
Ethyl Fumorate
Ethyl Iodide
Ethyl 2-Iodoproprionate
Ethyl Iso-Thioconate
Ethyl Isothiocyanate
Ethyl Levulinate
Ethyl Maleate
Ethyl Mercoptan
Ethyl Nitrate
Ethyl Oleate
Ethyl Polmitate
Ethyl Pentane
Ethyl Phenylacetate
Ethyl Propionate
Ethyl Solicylate
Ethyl Silicate
Ethyl Stearate
Ethyl Toluene
Ethyl Trichloroacetate
Ethyl Thiocyanate
Ethyl Undeconoate
Ethyl Volerate
Ethyl Benzene
Etibine
Eugenol
Fenchone
Ferric Oleate
Ferrous Oxide
Ferrous Sulfate
Flexol
Flourine

Temperature
F
C
68
71
66
66
77
257
70
68
68
68
68
68
70
68
68
64
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
66
68
68
68
68
75
136
64
68
30
148
40
68
70
66
68
73
68
68
68
68
70
73
68
68
80
68
68
70
68
70
68
104
76
68
68
68
68
76
58
64
68
68
60
58
75
-332

20
22
19
19
25
125
21
20
20
0
20
20
21
20
20
18
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
20
20
20
20
24
58
18
20
1
100
40
20
21
19
20
23
20
20
20
20
21
23
20
20
27
20
20
21
20
21
20
40
24
20
20
20
20
24
50
18
20
20
16
14
24
-20

Dielectric
Constant
6.4
15.9
16.1
3.3
24.3
11.7
6.3
4.0
5.9
5.5
6.0
12.8
8.6
3.8
8.0
4.9
7.9
9.4
5.1
3.1
11.6
11.3
10.1
5.3
27.0
2.0
3.4
10.5
25.0
58.3
16.0
37.0
13.9
8.1
5.7
4.3
7.1
8.4
3.0
6.5
7.4
8.8
19.7
19.7
12.1
8.5
8.0
19.7
3.2
3.2
1.9
5.4
5.7
8.6
4.1
3.0
2.2
7.8
29.6
3.6
4.7
3.0
2.5
6.1
12.0
2.6
14.2
14.2
5.3
1.5

25

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.)

Liquids

Temperature
F
C

Fluorotoluene
86
Formamide
68
Formic Acid
60
Freon 12
70
Freon 11
70
Freon 113
70
Furan
76
Furfuraldehyde
68
Furmanium Tetrachloride
76
Furfural
70
Gasoline
70
Germanium Tetrachloride
77
Grapeseed Oil
60
Glycerine
68
Glycerol
68
Glycerol
32
Glycerol Triacetate
70
Glycol
68
Glycol
122
Glycolic Nitrile
68
Guaiacol
0
Glucohepititol
248
Hagemannic Ester
68
Helium-3
58
Heptadecconome
140
Heptane
68
Heptanone
68
Heptanoic Acid
160
Heptyl Alcohol
70
Hexamethylene
75
Hexamethylene Diamine
150
Hexomethyldisiloxane
68
Hexane
68
Hexanol
76
Hexanone
59
Hexdecamethylcyloheptasiloxane
68
Hexyl Iodide
68
Hexylene
62
Hydrocyanic Acid
70
Hydrofluoric Acid
32
Hydrogen
-423
Hydrogen Bromide
76
Hydrogen Chloride
82
Hydrogen Cyanide
70
Hydrogen Fluoride
32
Hydrogen Iodide
72
Hydrogen Peroxide
32
Hydrogen Sulfide
120
Hydrogen Sulfide
48
Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Pentanone
76
Hydroxymethylene Camphor
86
Hydroxymethylenebenzyl Cyanide
68
Hydrazine
68
Indanol
140
Ido-Iedohexodecane
68
Iodine
284
Iodohexane
68
Iodoheptane
71
Iodomethane
68
Iodotoluene
68
Isoamyl Alcohol
74
Iodooctane
76
Isoamyl Bromide
76
Isoamyl Butyrate
68
Isoamyl Chlorocetate
68
Isoamyl Chloride
64
Isoamyl Chloroformate
68
Isoamyl Iodide
65
Isoamyl Propionate
68
Isoamyl Solicylate
68

26

30
20
16
21
21
21
24
20
24
21
21
25
16
20
20
0
21
20
50
20
18
120
20
14
60
20
20
71
21
24
66
20
20
24
15
20
20
17
21
0
-253
24
28
21
0
22
0
84
9
24
30
20
20
60
20
140
20
22
20
20
23
24
24
20
20
18
20
18
20
20

Dielectric
Constant
4.2
84.0
58.5
2.4
3.1
2.6
2.9
41.9
2.4
42.0
2.0
2.4
2.9
47.0
43.0
47.2
6.0
42.2
35.6
27.0
11.0
27.0
10.6
1.1
5.3
1.9
11.9
2.6
6.7
14.1
6.0
2.2
1.9
13.3
14.6
2.7
6.6
2.0
2.3
83.6
1.2
3.8
4.6
95.4
84.0
2.9
84.2
9.3
5.8
18.2
5.2
6
52.9
7.8
3.5
11.0
5.4
4.9
7.0
6.1
15.3
4.6
6.1
3.9
7.8
6.4
7.8
5.6
4.2
5.4

Liquids

Temperature
F
C

Isoamyl Volerate
66
Isobutyl Acetate
68
Isobutyl Alcohol
68
Isobutylamine
70
Isobutyl Benzene
62
Isobutyl Benzoate
68
Isobutyl Bromide
68
Isobutyl Bulyrate
68
Isobutyl Chloride
68
Isobutyl Cyanide
74
Isobutyl Chloroformate
68
Isobutyl Formate
66
Isobutylene Bromide
68
Isobutyl Iodide
68
Isobutyl Nitrate
66
Isobutyl Rininoleate
70
Isobutyl Volerate
66
Isobutryic Acid
68
Isobutryic Anhydride
68
Isobutyronitrila
75
Isocopronitrilo
68
Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)
68
Isopropylamine
68
Isopropyl Benzene
68
Isopropylether
77
Isopropyl Nitrate
66
Isoquinoline
76
Isonofrol
70
IsoValeric Acid
68
Jet Fuel (MilitaryJP4)
70
Kerosene
70
Lactic Acid
66
Lactonitrilla
68
Lead Carbonate
60
Lead Nomoxide
60
Lead Oleate
64
Lead Tetrachloride
68
Lemon Oil
70
Limonene
68
Linseed Oil
55
Linoleic Acid
32
Lonone
65
Malonic Nitrate
97
Maleic Anhydride
140
Mannitol
71
Mandelic Nitrile
73
Mandenitrile
73
Menthol
107
Menthenol
110
Methallmine
77
Methoxyethyl Stearate
140
Mercury Diethyl
68
Mesitylene
68
Mesitylene
68
Mesityl Oxide
68
Methal Cyanacetate
69
Methane
32
Methane
-280
Methanol
77
Methoxybenzene
76
Methoxytoluene
68
Methoxy-4-Methylphenol
60
Methyl Acetate
68
Methyl Acetopheononoaxalate
64
Methylal
68
Methyl Alcohol
112
Methyl Alcohol
32
Methyl Alcohol
68
Methylamine
70
Methyl Benzoate
68

20
20
20
21
17
20
20
20
20
23
20
18
20
20
19
21
19
20
20
24
20
20
20
20
25
19
24
21
20
21
21
19
20
16
16
18
20
21
20
13
0
18
36
60
22
23
23
42
43
25
60
20
20
20
20
21
0
-173
25
24
20
16
20
18
20
80
0
20
21
20

Dielectric
Constant
3.6
5.6
18.7
4.5
2.3
5.9
6.6
4.0
7.1
13.3
9.2
6.5
4.0
5.8
11.9
4.7
3.8
2.6
13.9
20.8
15.7
18.3
5.5
2.4
3.9
11.5
10.7
3.4
2.7
1.7
1.8
19.4
38.4
18.1
25.9
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.3
3.4
2.9
10.0
47.0
51.0
3.0
18.1
17.0
4.0
2.1
9.4
3.4
2.3
2.4
3.4
15.4
29.4
1.6
1.7
33.6
4.3
3.5
11.0
7.3
2.8
2.7
56.6
37.5
33.1
10.5
6.6

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.)

Liquids
Methyl Benzylamine
Methyl Butane
Methyl Butyl Ketone
Methyl Butyrate
Methyl Chloracetate
Methyl Chloride
Methyl Cyclohexonal
Methyl Cyclohexanone
Methyl Cyclopentane
Methyl-1-Cyclopentanol
Methylene Chloride
Methylene Iodide
Methyl Ether
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Ethyl Ketoxime
Methyl Heptanol
Methyl Hexane
Methyl Kezyl Ketone
Methyl Iodide
Methyl-5 Ketocyclohexylene
Methyl Nitrobenzoate
Methyl Octane
Methoxyphenol
Methyl O-Methoxybenzoate
Methyl-2, 4-Pentonddiol
Methyl-2-Pentoene
Methylphenyl Hydrazin
Methyl Propionate
Methyl Propyl Ketone
Methyl p-toluate
Methyl Salicylate
Methyl Thiocyanate
Methyl Trichloro Silane
Methyl Volorate
Metilox
Mineral Oil
Monomyristin
Monopalmitin
Monostearin
Nanene
Napthalene
Napthalene
Napthonitrile
Napthtyl Ethyl Ether
Nitric Acid
Nitroenisole
Nitrobenzol Doxime
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzyl Alcohol
Nitroethane
Nitrogen
Nitromethane
Nitroglycerin
Nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrosyl Bromide
Nitrosyl Chloride
Nitrotoluene
Nitrous Oxide
Nonane
O-Chlorophenol
Octadecanol
Octamethyltrisiloxane
Octanone
Octane
Octane
Octyl Alcohol
Octylene
Octyl Iodide

Temperature
F
C
65
68
62
68
68
77
68
192
68
95
70
70
78
72
68
68
68
62
68
68
80
69
82
70
86
68
66
66
58
91
68
68
68
66
160
80
158
152
170
50
185
68
70
67
57
68
248
68
77
176
68
68
-203
68
68
68
4
10
68
32
68
66
136
68
68
68
76
64
65
68

18
20
17
20
20
25
20
89
20
35
20
21
26
22
20
20
20
17
20
20
27
21
28
21
30
21
19
19
14
33
20
20
20
19
71
27
70
67
77
10
85
20
21
19
14
20
120
20
25
80
20
20
-130
20
20
20
-16
-12
20
0
20
19
58
20
20
20
24
18
18
20

Dielectric
Constant
4.4
1.8
12.4
5.6
12.9
12.9
13.0
18.0
2.0
6.9
9.3
5.1
5.0
18.4
3.4
5.3
1.9
10.7
7.1
24.0
27.0
30.0
11.0
7.8
24.4
13.1
7.3
5.4
16.8
4.3
9.0
35.9
6.8
4.3
4.5
2.1
6.1
5.3
4.9
2.0
2.3
2.5
6.4
3.2
40.0
24.0
48.1
36.1
34.9
26.3
22.0
19.7
1.5
39.4
19.0
54.0
13.4
18.2
25.0
1.6
2.0
8.2
3.4
2.3
10.3
2.0
2.1
3.4
4.1
4.9

Liquids
Octic Acid
Oil, Almond
Oil, Cottonseed
Oil, Grapeseed
Oil, Lemon
Oil, Linseed
Oil, Olive
Oil, Paraffin
Oil, Peanut
Oil, Petroleum
Oil, Pyranol
Oil, Sesame
Oil, Sperm
Oil, Terpentine
Oil, Transformer
Oleic Acid
Palmitic Acid
Paraldehyde
Peanut Oil
Pentochloroethane
Pentane
Phenethiene
Phenenthrene
Phenetidine
Phenetole
Phenol
Phenol Ether
Phenol Isobuthyl
Phenoxyacetylene
Phenylacetaldehyde
Phenylacetanitrile
Phenylacetate
Phenylacetic
Phenylethanol
Phenylethyl Acetate
Phenylisocyanate
Phenyliso-Thiocyanate
Phosgene
Phenyl-1-Iropane
Phosphine
Phosphorus
Phenylsolicylate
Phtholide
Pinocolin
Pinocone
Pinane
Piperidine
Propane
Propionoldehyde
Propionic Acid
Propionic Anhydride
Propionitrile
Propyl Acetate
Propyl Alcohol
Propyl Benzene
Propyl Bromide
Propyl Butyrate
Propyl Cholorformate
Propyl Ether
Propyl Formate
Propyl Nitrate
Propyl Propionate
Propyl Volerate
Pseudocumene
Pulegone
Pulezone
Pyridine
Pyroanol Oil
Quinoline
Quinoline

Temperature
F
C
68
68
57
61
70
55
68
68
52
68
68
55
68
68
68
68
160
68
110
60
68
68
230
70
70
130
85
85
76
68
80
68
68
68
58
68
68
32
68
76
93
122
166
62
75
68
68
32
62
66
60
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
78
66
64
68
65
60
68
66
68
68
77
460

20
20
14
16
21
13
20
20
11
20
20
13
20
20
20
20
71
20
43
16
20
20
110
21
21
54
29
29
24
20.
27
20
20
20
14
20
20
0
20
60
34
50
75
17
24
20
20
0
17
19
16
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
19
18
20
18
16
20
19
20
20
25
238

Dielectric
Constant
2.5
2.8
3.1
2.9
2.3
3.4
3.1
2.24.7
3.0
2.1
5.3
3.0
3.2
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.3
14.5
3.5
3.7
1.8
2.8
2.7
7.3
4.5
8.8
9.8
14.9
4.8
4.8
18.0
6.9
3.0
13.0
4.5
8.9
10.7
4.7
2.7
2.5
4.1
6.3
36.0
12.8
7.4
2.7
5.9
1.6
18.9
3.1
18.0
27.7
6.3
21.8
2.4
7.2
4.3
11.2
3.4
7.9
14.2
4.7
4.0
2.4
9.5
9.7
12.5
5.3
9.0
5.1

27

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Liquids (cont.)

Liquids
Safrol
Salicyladehyde
Santowax
Selenium
Sesame Oil
Silicon Tetrachloride
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Oleate
Sorbitol
Stannic Chloride
Stearic Acid
Styrene (phenylethene)
Succinamide
Succinic Acid
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfurous Oxychloride
Sulfur Monochloride
Sulfur Trioxide
Sulfuryl Chloride
Sulfur
Sulfur
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric Oxychloride
Sulfur Trioxide
Tartaric Acid
Tartaric Acid
Terpinene
Terpineol
Tetrobromiethone
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetradecamethylcycloheptas
Tetraethyl Silicate
Tetradecanal
Tetraethyl Amylenetetrarar
Tetraethyl Propane Tetracarboxylate
Tetraethyl Propylene Tetracarboxylate

Tetrahydro-B-Naphthol
Tetratriocontadiene
Tetronitrimethane
Thioacetic Acid
Thionyl Bromide
Thionyl Chloride
Thiophene
Thiophosphoryl Chloride
Tin Tetrochloride
Titanium Tetrochloride
Thujone
Toluene
Toluidine
Tolunitrile
Totane
Tolyl Methyl Ether
Trans-3-Hexane
Transformer Oil
Transmission Oil
Trichloroethane
Tallowamine
Triethylamine
Triethylamine

28

Temperature
F
C
70
68
70
482
55
60
70
68
176
72
71
77
72
78
-4
72
58
64
72
752
245
32
68
72
70
68
58
70
68
68
70
68
68
100
66
66
66
68
70
68
68
68
68
68
70
68
68
32
68
68
73
111
68
76
68
80
68
108
75
39

21
20
21
250
13
16
20
20
80
22
160
25
22
26
-20
22
14
18
22
400
118
0
20
22
21
20
14
21
20
20
21
20
20
38
189
19
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
21
20
20
0
20
20
23
44
20
24
20
27
20
42
24
4

Dielectric
Constant
3.1
13.9
2.3
5.4
3.0
2.4
80.0
2.7
33.5
3.2
2.3
2.4
2.9
2.4
17.6
9.1
4.8
3.1
10.0
3.4
3.5
15.6
84.0
9.2
3.6
6.0
35.9
2.7
2.8
7.1
2.5
2.7
4.1
4.7
4.4
5.2
5.2
11.0
2.8
2.2
13.0
9.1
9.3
2.8
5.8
2.9
2.8
10.0
2.4
6.0
18.8
5.5
3.5
2.0
2.2
2.2
7.5
2.6
2.4
2.9

Liquids
Trifluoroacetic Acid
Trinitrotoluene
Triethyl Ethanetricarbox
Trimethyl-3-Heptane
Tribomopropane
Tributylphosphate
Trichloroacetic Acid
Trichlorotoluene
Trichloroethylene
Trichloropropane
Tricosanane
Tricosyl Phosphate
Triethyl Aconitate
Triethylamine
Triethyl Aluminum
Triethyl Isoaconitate
Trifluoroactic Acid
Trifluorotoluene
Triethylomine
Trimethylbenzene
Trimethylborate
Trimethylbutane
Trimethylpentane
Trimethylsulfanilic Acid
Trinitrobenzene
Trinitrotoluene
Tripolmitin
Triphenylmethane
Tistearin
Triolein
Turpentine
Undecane
Undecanone
Urea
Urethane
Valaraldehyde
Valeric Acid
Valeronitrile
Vanadium Oxybromide
Vanadium Oxychloride
Vanadium Tetrachloride
Vegetable Oil
Vegetable Oil
Veratrol
Vinyl Ether
Water
Water
Water
Water (Ultra-Clean, DI)
Wax
Xylene
Xylenol
Xylidine

Temperature
F
C
68
68
66
68
68
86
141
70
61
76
176
104
68
70
68
68
68
86
39
68
68
68
68
64
68
69
140
212
158
76
68
68
58
71
74
58
62
70
78
78
78
100
230
73
68
32
68
212
68
100
68
62
68

20
20
19
20
20
30
61
21
16
24
80
40
20
21
20
20
20
30
4
20
20
20
20
18
20
21
60
100
70
24
20
20
14
22
23
14
17
21
26
26
26
38
110
23
20
0
20
100
20
38
20
17
20

Dielectric
Constant
39.0
22.0
6.5
2.2
6.4
8.0
4.5
6.9
3.4
2.4
4.0
6.9
6.4
3.2
2.9
7.2
39.0
9.2
2.9
2.3
8.2
1.9
2.0
89.0
2.2
22.0
2.9
2.5
2.8
3.2
2.2
2.0
8.4
3.5
3.2
11.8
2.6
17.7
3.6
3.4
3.0
4.0
3.3
4.5
3.9
88.0
80.0
48.0
1215
7.5
2.4
3.9
5.0

Properties: Dielectric Constants of Solids

Material
Acetamide
Acetanilide
Acetic Acid
Aluminum Phosphate
Ammonium Bromide
Ammonium Chloride
Antimony Trichloride
Asbestos
Asphalt
Bakelite
Barium Chloride
Barium Chloride
Barium Nitrate
Barium Sulfate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Fluoride
Calcium Sulfate
Cellulose
Cellulose Acetate
Cement
Cereals
Charcoal
Cupric Oleafe
Cupric Oxide
Cupric Sulfate
Diamond
Diphenylethane
Dolomite
Ferrous Oxide
Fly Ash
Glass
Iodine
Lead Acetate
Lead Carbonate
Lead Chloride
Lead Nomoxide
Lead Nitrate
Lead Oleate
Lead Oxide
Lead Sulfate
Magnesium Oxide
Malachite
Mercuric Chloride
Mercurous Chloride
Mica
Napthalane

Dielectric
Constant
41.0
2.8
4.1
6.0
7.2
7.0
5.3
4.8
2.7
5.0
11.0
9.4
5.8
11.4
9.1
7.4
5.6
4.0
3.67.5
1.52.1
3.05.0
1.21.8
2.8
18.1
10.3
10.0
2.7
8.0
14.2
1.92.6
3.74.2
4.0
2.5
18.1
4.2
25.9
37.7
3.3
25.9
14.3
9.7
7.2
3.2
9.4
7.0
2.5

Material
Nylon
Paper
Paraffin
Phenonthrene
Phenol
Phosphorus, Red
Phosphorus, Yellow
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Porcelain
Potassium Aluminum Sulphate
Potassium Carbonate
Potassium Chlorate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chloronate
Potassium Iodide
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Sulfate
Quartz
Resorcinol
Rice
Rubber
Sand
Selinium
Shellac
Silver Bromide
Silver Chloride
Silver Cyanide
Slate
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Oleate
Sodium Perchlorate
Sulfur
Sugar
Sucrose
Tantalum Oxide
Thallium Chloride
Thorium Oxide
P-Toluidine
Urea
Zinc Sulfide
Zirconium Oxide
Teflon

Dielectric
Constant
3.7
2.0
2.2
2.8
4.3
4.1
3.6
4.05.0
1.5
5.07.0
3.8
5.6
5.1
5.0
7.3
5.6
5.0
5.9
4.4
3.2
3.5
3.0
3.05.0
11.0
3.5
12.2
11.2
5.6
7.0
8.4
5.3
6.1
5.2
2.8
5.4
3.4
3.0
3.3
11.6
46.9
10.6
3.0
3.5
8.2
12.5
2.0

29

Properties: Viscosity of Gases and Vapors

The curves for hydrocarbon vapors and natural gases in the
chart at the upper right are taken from Maxwell; the curves for
all other gases (except helium) in the chart are based upon
Sutherlands formula, as follows:
= o

)( )

0.555 To + C
0.555 T + C

T
To

Viscosity of various gases

Viscosity of Various Gases

O2

.040

Helium
Air

.036

where:

N2
CO2
SO2

= viscosity, in centipoise at temperature T.

.032

T = absolute temperature, in degrees Rankine (460 + deg. F)

for which viscosity is desired.
To = absolute temperature, in degrees Rankine, for which
viscosity is known.
C = Sutherlands constant.
Note: The variation of viscosity with pressure is small for most
gases. For gases given on this page, the correction of viscosity for pressure is less than 10% for pressures up to 500 pounds
per square inch.

Fluid

Viscosity in Centipose

o = viscosity, in centipoise at temperature To.

127
120
111

CO2
CO
SO2

240
118
416

NH3
H2

370
72

HYDRO
CARBON
VAPOR
AND
NATURAL
GASES

Sg = .5
NH3
Sg = .75

CO

Sg =1.00

.024

.020

H2

.016

Approximate
Values of C

O2
Air
N2

.028

.012

.008

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
t Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit

Viscosity of Refrigerant Vapors

(saturated and superheated vapors)

Upper chart example: The viscosity of sulphur dioxide gas

(SO2) at 200F (93C) is 0.016 centipoise.

.019
CO

.018

Lower chart example: The viscosity of carbon dioxide gas

(CO2) at about 80F (26.7) is 0.015 centipoise.

.017
Viscosity in Centipoise

.016
2
SO

.015

F-12

.014

F-11

.013
.012

C
CH 3
3
1
-1

-114
F

.011
.010
.009
.008
.007
-40

NH 3

40

80

120

160

t Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit

30

200

240

Properties: Viscosity of Water and Steam

Temperature
F (C)

Viscosity of Water and Steam in Centipoise ()

1
PSIA

2
PSIA

5
PSIA

10
PSIA

20
PSIA

50
PSIA

100
PSIA

200
PSIA

500
PSIA

1000
PSIA

Saturated
Water

.667

.524

.388

.313

.255

.197

.164

.138

.111

.094

Saturated
Steam

.010

.010

.011

.012

.012

.013

.014

.015

.017

.019

1000

(538)

.030

.030

.030

.030

.030

.030

.030

.030

.030

.031

950

(510)

.029

.029

.029

.029

.029

.029

.029

.029

.029

.030

900

(482)

.028

.028

.028

.028

.028

.028

.028

.028

.028

.028

850

(454)

.026

.026

.026

.026

.026

.026

.027

.027

.027

.027

800

(427)

.025

.025

.025

.025

.025

.025

.025

.025

.026

.026

750

(399)

.024

.024

.024

.024

.024

.024

.024

.024

.025

.025

700

(371)

.023

.023

.023

.023

.023

.023

.023

.023

.023

.024

650

(343)

.022

.022

.022

.022

.022

.022

.022

.022

.023

.023

600

(316)

.021

.021

.021

.021

.021

.021

.021

.021

.021

.021

550

(288)

.020

.020

.020

.020

.020

.020

.020

.020

.020

.019

500

(260)

.019

.019

.019

.019

.019

.019

.019

.018

.018

.103

450

(232)

.018

.018

.018

.018

.017

.017

.017

.017

.115

.116

400

(204)

.016

.016

.016

.016

.016

.016

.016

.016

.131

.132

350

(177)

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.152

.153

.154

300

(149)

.014

.014

.014

.014

.014

.014

.182

.183

.183

.184

250

(121)

.013

.013

.013

.013

.013

.228

.228

.228

.228

.229

200

( 93)

.012

.012

.012

.012

.300

.300

.300

.300

.300

.301

150

( 66)

.011

.011

.427

.427

.427

.427

.427

.427

.427

.428

100

(37.8)

.680

.680

.680

.680

.680

.680

.680

.680

.680

.680

50

( 10)

1.299

1.299

1.299

1.299

1.299

.1299

1.299

1.299

1.299

1.298

32

1.753

1.763

1.753

1.753

1.753

1.753

1.752

1.751

1.749

0)

1.753

Values below the line are for water.

10

6.0
5.0

Properties: Viscosity of Various Liquids

19

4.0
18

3.0

Carbon Dioxide ......................................................CO

Ammonia ................................................................NH
Methyl Chloride ......................................................CHCI
Sulphur Dioxide ......................................................SO
Freon 12 .................................................................F-12
Freon 114 ...............................................................F-114
Freon 11 .................................................................F-11
Freon 113 ...............................................................F-113
Ethyl Alcohol...........................................................CHOH
Isopropyl Alcohol ....................................................(CH) CH0
20% Sulphuric Acid ................................................20% HSO
Dowtherm E
Dowtherm A
20% Sodium Hydroxide..........................................20% NaOH
Mercury ..................................................................Hg
10% Sodium Chloride Brine ...................................10% NaCl
20% Sodium Chloride Brine ...................................20% NaCl
10% Calcium Chloride Brine ..................................10% CaCl
20% Calcium Chloride Brine ..................................20% CaCl

11
16
9

2.0
8

15

Viscosity in Centipoise

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

13 14

17

1.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

.4

.3

12

7
6
4

.2

.1
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04

Example: The viscosity of ammonia at 40F is 0.14 centipoise.

.03

-40

40

80

120 160 200 240 280 320 360

t Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit

31

Properties: Viscosity of Liquid Petroleum Products

4000
20

3000

21
19

2000
18
17

1000
800

1. Ethane (CH)

600

3. Butane (CH)

400

4. Natural Gasoline

2. Propane (CH)

300

5. Gasoline

16

6. Water

200

7. Kerosene
8. Distillate

13

100
80

9. 48 Deg. API Crude

10. 40 Deg. API Crude

60

11. 35.6 Deg. API Crude

12

40

12. 32.6 Deg. API Crude

Viscosity in Centipoise

30

13. Salt Creek Crude

11

14. Fuel 3 (Max.)

15

20

15. Fuel 5 (Min.)

14

16. SAE 10 Lube (100 V.I.)

10

10
8

17. SAE 30 Lube (100 V.I.)

18. Fuel 5 (Max.) or

Fuel 6 (Min.)

19. SAE 70 Lube (100 V.I.)

20. Bunker C Fuel (Max.)

and M.C. Residuum

1.0
.8

21. Asphalt

.6
.4

.3
.2

.1
.8

.6
.4
.3
10

20

30

40

60

80 100

200

300

t Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit

Example: The viscosity of water at 125F is 0.52 centipoise (Curve No. 6).
Note: Consult factory whenever viscosity of fluid exceeds 300 centipoise.

32

400

600

800 1000

Pipe Data: Dimensions of Blind Flanges

"O.D"
"B.C"

"D"
"T"
NOTE: Pressure ratings shown for forged steel flanges apply to all ASA/ANSI standard flanges.
Cast Iron125#
Outside
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Flange O.D
BC
Size

1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

4"
5"
6"
7"
7"
8"
9"
10"
11"
13"

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1"
1"

3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
7"
8"
9"
11"

Cast Iron250#
Dia. of
No. of Bolt Holes
Holes
D

4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

Outside
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Flange O.D
BC
Size

1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

4"
6"
6"
7"
8"
9"
10"
11"
12"
15"

"
"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"

3"
4"
5"
5"
6"
7"
7"
9"
10"
13"

Dia. of
No. of Bolt Holes
Holes
D

4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1"

Forged Steel 150#

Forged Steel 300#

Outside
Dia. of
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Holes
Flange O.D.
BC
D
Size

Outside
Dia. of
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Holes
Flange O.D.
BC
D
Size

"
"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
7"
8"
9"
10"
11"
13"

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1"
1"

2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
7"
8"
9"
11"

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

"
"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

3"
4"
4"
6"
6"
7"
8"
9"
10"
11"
12"
15"

"
"
"
"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"

2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
5"
6""
7""
7"
9"
10"
13"

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1"

33

Pipe Data: Dimensions of Blind Flanges

Forged Steel 600#

Forged Steel 900#

Outside
Dia. of
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Holes
Flange O.D.
BC
D
Size

Outside
Dia. of
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Holes
Flange O.D.
BC
D
Size

"
"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

3"
4"
4"
6"
6"
7"
8"
9"
10"
13"
14"
16"

"
"
"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
2"

2"
3"
3"
4"
5"
5"
6"
7"
8"
10"
11"
13"

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"

"
"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

4"
5"
5"
7"
8"
9"
9"
11"
13"
15"
18"

"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
2"
2"
2"

3"
3"
4"
4"
6"
7"
7"
9"
11"
12"
15"

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12

"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"

Forged Steel 1500#

Forged Steel 2500#

Outside
Dia. of
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Holes
Flange O.D.
BC
D
Size

Outside
Dia. of
Dia. of
Nominal
Thickness Bolt Circle No. of Bolt Holes
Dia. of
Pipe
T
Holes
Flange O.D.
BC
D
Size

"
"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

34

4"
5"
5"
7"
8"
9"
10"
12"
14"
15"
19"

"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
3"

3"
3"
4"
4"
6"
7"
8"
9"
11"
12"
15"

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12

"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"

"
"
1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

5"
5"
6"
8"
9"
10"
12"
14"
16"
19"
21"

1"
1"
1"
1"
2"
2"
2"
3"
3"
4"
5"

3"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
9"
10"
12"
14"
17"

4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12

"
"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
2"
2"

Pipe Data: Flange Ratings

Flanges DIN versus ANSI
Pressure Rating
ANSI
125 lbs.
150 lbs.
300 lbs.
400 lbs.
600 lbs.
900 lbs.
1500 lbs.
2500 lbs.

PN
PN
PN
PN
PN
PN
PN
PN

Type
Flat Face
Raised Face

Sizes
ANSI

DIN
6 / PN 10
16
25 / PN 40
64
100
150
250
320 / PN 400

= Form B flange
= Form C flange (Form E is
smoother facing finish)
Ring Joint Flange = Only for ANSI flanges

DIN

1"
1"
2"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"

DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN

25
40
50
65
80
100
125
150

A DIN flange is never identical to an ANSI

flange; the table at left is a guideline to find
the most equivalent ANSI/DIN flange. DIN
increments differ from country to country, the
table refers to the German DIN standard.

Class 150 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG)

Materials
Temp.
F

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000

304
SS

304L/
316L
SS

310
SS

275
230
205
190
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

230
195
175
160
145
140
125
110
95
80
65
-

260
235
220
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

316
SS

321
SS

347/
348
SS

275
235
215
195
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

275
245
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

275
255
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

A105
Carp.
Carbon
20SS
Steel

285
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
-

Hast. C
&
Monel
Grade Grade Grade Grade
Hast.
Inconel Incoloy Inconel 400 & Nickel
F22
F11
F91
F1 C625
&
B2
200
800
600
405
Mo 1 Cr- 2 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy
Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V
825

265
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
-

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

275
255
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

290
260
230
200
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
35
20

230
200
190
185
170
140
125
110
95
80
65
50
-

140
140
140
140
140
140
-

Temp.
F.

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000

Class 300 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG)

Materials
Temp.
F

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

304
SS

304L/
316L
SS

310
SS

316
SS

321
SS

347/
348
SS

720
600
540
495
465
435
430
425
415
405
395
390
380
320
310
255
200
155
115
85
60
50
35
25

600
505
455
415
380
360
350
345
335
330
320
-

670
605
570
535
505
480
470
455
450
435
425
420
385
345
335
260
190
135
105
75
60
45
35
25

720
620
560
515
480
450
445
430
425
420
420
415
385
350
345
305
235
185
145
115
95
75
60
40

720
645
595
550
515
485
480
465
460
450
445
440
385
355
315
270
235
186
140
110
85
65
50
40

720
660
615
575
540
515
505
495
490
485
485
450
385
365
360
325
275
170
125
95
70
66
40
35

A105
Carp.
Carbon
20SS
Steel

740
675
655
635
600
550
535
535
505
410
270
170
105
50
-

750
720
715
675
655
605
590
570
530
510
-

Hast. C
&
Monel
Grade Grade Grade Grade
Hast.
Inconel Incoloy Inconel 400 & Nickel
F22
F11
F91
F1 C625
&
B2
200
800
600
405
Mo 1 Cr- 2 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy
Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V
825

695
680
655
640
620
605
590
570
530
510
485
450
280
165
-

750
750
720
695
665
605
590
570
530
510
485
450
320
215
145
95
60
40
-

750
750
730
705
665
605
590
570
530
510
485
450
375
260
175
110
70
40
-

750
750
730
705
665
605
590
570
530
510
485
450
385
365
360
300
225
145
-

750
750
730
705
665
605
590
570
530
510
-

750
750
730
705
665
605
590
570
530
510
485
450
385
365
360
325
275
186
146
110
-

720
660
625
600
580
575
570
565
530
505
485
450
385
365
360
325
275
205
130
60
50
35
30
25

750
750
730
705
665
605
590
570
530
510
485
450
325
215
140
95
70
60
-

600
530
495
480
475
475
475
475
470
460
340
245
-

360
360
360
360
360
360
-

Temp.
F.

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

35

Pipe Data: Flange Ratings (cont.)

Class 600 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG)
Materials
Temp.
F

304
SS

304L/
316L
SS

-20 to 100 1440 1200

200
1200 1015
300
1080 910
400
995
825
500
930
765
600
875
720
650
860
700
700
850
685
750
830
670
800
805
660
850
790
645
900
780
950
765
1000
640
1050
615
1100
515
1150
400
1200
310
1250
225
1300
170
1350
125
1400
90
1450
70
1500
55
-

310
SS

316
SS

1345 1440
1215 1240
1140 1120
1070 1025
1015 955
960
900
935
890
910
870
900
855
875
845
855
835
835
830
775
775
685
700
670
685
520
610
375
475
275
370
205
295
150
235
115
190
90
150
65
115
50
85

321
SS

347/
348
SS

1440
1290
1190
1105
1030
975
955
930
915
900
895
885
775
715
625
545
475
320
280
220
170
130
105
75

1440
1320
1230
1145
1080
1025
1010
990
985
975
970
900
775
725
720
645
550
345
245
185
135
110
80
70

A105
Carp.
Carbon
20SS
Steel

Hast. C
&
Monel
Grade Grade Grade Grade
Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel
F22
F11
F91
400 & Nickel
F1 C625 & 800
B2
200
600
2
Cr1
Cr9
Cr405
Mo
Incoloy
Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V
825

1480
1350
1315
1270
1200
1095
1075
1065
1010
825
535
345
205
105
-

1390
1360
1305
1280
1245
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
975
900
560
330
-

1500
1440
1425
1345
1310
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
-

1500
1500
1445
1385
1330
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
975
900
640
430
290
190
125
75
-

1500
1500
1455
1410
1330
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
975
900
755
520
350
220
135
80
-

1500
1500
1455
1410
1330
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
975
900
775
725
720
605
445
290
-

1500
1500
1455
1410
1330
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
-

1500
1500
1455
1410
1330
1210
1175
1135
1065
1015
975
900
775
725
720
645
550
370
295
215
-

1440
1325
1250
1200
1155
1145
1140
1130
1065
1015
975
900
775
725
720
645
550
405
260
125
100
70
60
50

1500 1200
1500 1055
1455 990
1410 955
1330 950
1210 950
1175 950
1135 950
1065 935
1015 915
975
680
900
495
655
430
280
185
135
125
-

720
720
720
720
720
720
-

Temp.
F.

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

Class 900 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG)

Materials
Temp.
F

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

36

304
SS

304L/
316L
SS

310
SS

316
SS

321
SS

347/
348
SS

2160
1800
1620
1490
1395
1310
1290
1275
1245
1210
1190
1165
1145
965
925
770
595
465
340
255
185
145
105
80

1800
1520
1360
1240
1145
1080
1050
1030
1010
985
985
-

2015
1820
1705
1605
1520
1440
1405
1370
1345
1310
1280
1255
1160
1030
780
565
410
310
225
175
135
100
75

2160
1860
1680
1540
1435
1355
1330
1305
1280
1265
1255
1245
1160
1050
1010
915
710
555
440
350
290
225
175
125

2160
1935
1785
1655
1545
1460
1435
1395
1375
1355
1340
1325
1160
1070
1030
815
710
555
420
330
255
195
155
115

2160
1980
1845
1720
1620
1540
1510
1485
1475
1460
1455
1350
1160
1090
940
985
825
515
370
280
205
165
125
105

A105
Carp.
Carbon
20SS
Steel

Hast. C
&
Monel
Grade Grade Grade Grade
Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel
F22
F11
F91
400 & Nickel
F1 C625 & 800
B2
200
600
405
Mo 1 Cr- 2 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy
Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V
825

2220
2025
1970
1900
1795
1640
1610
1600
1510
1235
805
515
310
155
1080
-

2085
2035
1955
1920
1865
1815
1765
1705
1595
1525
1460
1350
845
495
-

2250
2160
2140
2020
1965
1815
1765
1705
1595
1525
-

2250
2250
2165
2080
1995
1815
1765
1705
1595
1525
1460
1350
955
650
430
290
185
115
-

2250
2250
2185
2115
1995
1815
1765
1705
1595
1525
1460
1350
1130
780
525
330
205
125
-

2250
2250
2185
2115
1995
1815
1765
1705
1595
1525
1460
1350
1160
1090
1080
905
670
430
-

2250
2250
2185
2115
1995
1815
1765
1705
1595
1520
-

2250
2250
2185
2115
1995
1815
1765
1705
1595
1520
1460
1350
1160
1090
1080
965
825
555
440
325
-

2160
1990
1870
1800
1735
1720
1705
1690
1595
1520
1460
1350
1160
1090
1080
965
825
610
390
185
150
100
95
75

2250
2250
2185
2115
1995
1815
1765
1705
1595
1520
1460
1350
980
965
415
280
205
185
-

1800
1585
1485
1435
1435
1435
1435
1435
1405
1375
1020
740
-

1080
1080
1080
1080
1080
1080
-

Temp.
F.

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

Pipe Data: Flange Ratings (cont.)

Class 1500 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG)

Materials
Temp.
F

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

304
SS

304L/
316L
SS

310
SS

316
SS

321
SS

347/
348
SS

3600
3000
2700
2485
2330
2185
2150
2125
2075
2015
1980
1945
1910
1605
1545
1285
995
770
565
430
310
240
170
135

3000
2530
2270
2065
1910
1800
1750
1715
1680
1645
1810
-

3360
3035
2845
2675
2530
2400
2340
2280
2245
2185
2135
2090
1930
1720
1680
1305
934
685
515
375
290
225
165
130

3600
3095
2795
2570
2390
2255
2220
2170
2135
2110
2090
2075
1930
1740
1720
1525
1185
925
735
585
480
380
290
205

3600
3230
2975
2760
2570
2435
2390
2330
2290
2255
2230
2210
1930
1785
1580
1360
1185
925
705
660
430
325
255
190

3600
3300
3070
2870
2570
2570
2520
2470
2460
2435
2425
2245
1930
1820
1800
1610
1370
855
615
465
345
275
205
170

A105
Carp.
Carbon
20SS
Steel

Hast. C
&
Monel
Grade Grade Grade Grade
Hast. Inconel Incoloy Inconel
F22
F11
F91
400 & Nickel
F1 C625
&
B2
200
800
600
405
Mo 1 Cr- 2 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy
Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V
825

3705
3375
3280
3170
2700
2735
2685
2665
2520
2060
1340
860
515
260
-

3470
3395
3260
3200
3105
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
2435
2245
1405
825
-

3750
3600
3565
3365
3275
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
-

3750
3750
3610
3465
3325
3025
2940
2840
3660
2540
2435
2245
1595
1080
720
480
310
190
-

3750
3750
3640
3530
3325
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
2435
2245
1885
1305
875
550
345
205
-

3750
3750
3640
3530
3325
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
2435
2245
1930
1820
1800
1510
1115
720
-

3750
3750
3640
3530
3325
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
-

3750
3750
3640
3530
3325
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
2435
2245
1930
1820
1800
1610
1370
925
735
640
-

3600
3310
3120
3000
2890
2870
2845
2840
2650
2535
2435
2245
1930
1820
1800
1610
1370
1020
650
310
245
170
155
125

3750
3750
3640
3530
3325
3025
2940
2840
2660
2540
2435
2245
1635
1080
695
465
340
310
-

3000
2640
2740
2390
2375
2375
2375
2375
2340
2290
1695
1235
-

1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
-

Temp.
F.

-20 to 200
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

Class 2500 pressure-temperature ratings (pressure-PSIG)

Materials
Temp.
F

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

304
SS

304L/
316L
SS

310
SS

6000
5000
4500
4140
3880
3640
3580
3540
3460
3360
3300
3240
3180
2675
2570
2145
1655
1285
945
715
515
400
285
230

5000
4220
3780
3440
3180
3000
2920
2860
2800
2740
2680
-

5600
5060
4740
4460
4220
4000
3900
3800
3740
3640
3560
3480
3220
2865
2800
2170
1570
1145
855
630
485
370
275
215

316
SS

321
SS

347/
348
SS

6000
5160
4660
4280
3980
3760
3700
3620
3560
3520
3480
3460
3220
2915
2865
2545
1970
1545
1230
970
800
630
485
345

6000
5380
4960
4600
4285
4060
3980
3880
3820
3760
3720
3680
3220
2970
2605
2255
1970
1545
1170
915
715
545
430
315

6000
5500
5120
4780
4500
4280
4200
4120
4100
4060
4040
3745
3220
3030
3000
2685
2285
1430
1030
710
570
455
345
285

A105
Carp.
Carbon
20SS
Steel

Hast. C
&
Monel
Grade Grade Grade Grade
Hast.
Inconel Incoloy Inconel 400 & Nickel
F22
F11
F91
F1 C625
&
B2
200
800
600
405
Mo 1 Cr- 2 Cr- 9 CrIncoloy
Mo 1 Mo 1 Mo-V
825

6170
5625
5470
5280
4990
4560
4475
4440
4200
3430
2230
1430
860
430
-

5785
5660
5435
5330
5180
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
4060
3745
2345
1370
-

6250
6000
5940
5610
5460
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
-

6250
6250
6015
5775
5540
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
4060
3745
2655
1800
1200
800
515
315
-

6250
6250
6070
5880
5540
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
4060
3745
3145
2170
1455
915
570
345
-

6250
6250
6070
5880
5540
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
4060
3745
3220
3030
3000
2515
1855
1200
-

6250
6250
6070
5880
5540
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
-

6250
6250
6070
5880
5540
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
4060
3745
3220
3030
3000
2685
2285
1545
1220
900
-

6000
5520
5200
5000
4820
4780
4740
4700
4430
4230
4060
3745
3220
3030
3000
2685
2285
1695
1080
515
410
285
255
205

6250
6250
6070
5880
5540
5040
4905
4730
4430
4230
4060
3745
2725
1800
1155
770
565
515
-

5000
4400
4120
3980
3960
3960
3960
3960
3900
3820
2830
2055
-

3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-

Temp.
F.

-20 to 100
200
300
400
500
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500

37

Pipe Data: Cast Iron Pipe

Cast Iron PipeASA Standard
Pipe
Size

Pipe
O.D.

3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24

3.96
4.80
6.90
9.05
11.10
13.20
15.30
17.40
19.50
21.60
25.80

Class 50
50 PSIG
WALL

I.D.

0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.48
0.48
0.54
0.54
0.57
0.63

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.22
12.24
14.34
16.32
18.42
20.46
24.54

Class 100
100 PSIG
WALL
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.68

Class 150
150 PSIG

I.D.

I.D.

WALL

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.22
12.24
14.28
16.32
18.34
20.36
24.44

0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.73

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.22
12.24
14.28
16.32
18.34
20.36
24.34

Class 200
200 PSIG
WALL
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.48
0.55
0.58
0.63
0.67
0.79

Class 250
250 PSIG

I.D.

WALL

I.D.

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.22
12.24
14.20
16.24
18.24
20.26
24.22

0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.52
0.59
0.63
0.68
0.72
0.79

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.22
12.16
14.12
16.14
18.14
20.16
24.22

Class 300
300 PSIG

Class 350
350 PSIG

I.D.

WALL
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.48
0.51
0.59
0.68
0.73
0.78
0.85

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.14
12.16
14.12
16.04
18.04
20.04
24.10

I.D.

WALL
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.52
0.56
0.64
0.68
0.79
0.84
0.92

3.32
4.10
6.14
8.23
10.06
12.08
14.02
16.04
17.92
19.92
23.96

Cast Iron PipeAWWA Standard

Pipe
Size
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
72
84

Pipe
Size
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36

38

Class A
100 Ft. 43 PSIG
O.D.
3.80
4.80
6.90
9.05
11.10
13.20
15.30
17.40
19.50
21.60
25.80
31.74
37.96
44.20
50.50
56.66
62.80
75.34
87.54

WALL
0.39
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.50
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.67
0.76
0.88
0.99
1.10
1.26
1.35
1.39
1.62
1.72

Class B
200 Ft. 86 PSIG
I.D.
3.02
3.96
6.02
8.13
10.10
12.12
14.16
16.20
18.22
20.26
24.28
29.98
35.98
42.00
47.98
53.96
60.02
72.10
84.10

Class E
500 Ft. 217 PSIG
O.D.
7.22
9.42
11.60
13.78
15.98
18.16
20.34
22.54
26.90
33.10
39.60

WALL
0.58
0.66
0.74
0.82
0.90
0.98
1.07
1.15
1.31
1.55
1.80

I.D.
6.06
8.10
10.12
12.14
14.18
16.20
18.20
20.24
24.28
30.00
36.00

O.D.
3.96
5.00
7.10
9.05
11.10
13.20
15.30
17.40
19.50
21.60
25.80
32.00
38.30
44.50
50.80
57.10
63.40
75.00
88.54

WALL
0.42
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.57
0.62
0.66
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.89
1.03
1.15
1.28
1.42
1.55
1.67
1.95
2.22

Class C
300 Ft. 130 PSIG
I.D.
3.12
4.10
6.14
8.03
9.96
11.96
13.98
16.00
18.00
20.00
24.02
29.94
36.00
41.94
47.96
54.00
60.06
72.10
84.10

Class F
600 Ft. 260 PSIG
O.D.
7.22
9.42
11.60
13.78
15.98
18.16
20.34
22.54
26.90
33.46
40.04

WALL
0.61
0.71
0.80
0.89
0.99
1.08
1.17
1.27
1.45
1.73
2.02

O.D.
3.96
5.00
7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06
26.32
32.40
38.70
45.10
51.40
57.80
64.20
76.88

WALL
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.56
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.80
0.87
0.92
1.04
1.20
1.36
1.54
1.71
1.90
2.00
2.39

Class D
400 Ft. 173 PSIG
I.D.
3.06
4.04
6.08
8.18
10.16
12.14
14.17
16.20
18.18
20.22
24.22
30.00
39.98
42.02
47.98
54.00
60.20
72.10

Class G
700 Ft. 304 PSIG
I.D.
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
24.00
30.00
36.00

O.D.
7.38
9.60
11.84
14.08
16.32
18.54
20.78
23.02
27.76

WALL
0.65
0.75
0.86
0.97
1.07
1.18
1.28
1.39
1.75

O.D.
3.96
5.00
7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06
26.32
32.74
39.16
45.58
51.98
58.40
64.82

WALL
0.48
0.52
0.55
0.60
0.68
0.75
0.82
0.89
0.96
1.03
1.16
1.37
1.58
1.78
1.96
2.23
2.38

I.D.
3.00
3.96
6.00
8.10
10.04
12.00
14.01
16.02
18.00
20.00
24.00
30.00
36.00
42.02
48.06
53.94
60.06

Class H
800 Ft. 347 PSIG
I.D.
6.08
8.10
10.12
12.14
14.18
16.18
18.22
20.24
24.26

O.D.
7.38
9.60
11.84
14.08
16.32
18.54
20.78
23.02
27.76

WALL
0.69
0.80
0.92
1.04
1.16
1.27
1.39
1.51
1.88

I.D.
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
24.00

Pipe Data: Steel Pipe

Cross-sectional Area
Inside
Wall
Thickness, Diameter,
in.
in.
Flow, ft2
Metal, in2

Circumference, ft., or
surface, ft2/ft of length

Capacity at 1-ft/s
velocity
U.S. gal/ lb/h water
min

Weight of
plain-end
pipe, lb/ft

Nominal
Pipe
Size, in.

Outside
Diameter,
in.

0.405

10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S

.049
.068
.095

.307
.269
.215

.055
.072
.093

.00051
.00040
.00025

.106
.106
.106

.0804
.0705
.0563

.231
.179
.113

115.5
89.5
56.5

.19
.24
.31

0.540

10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S

.065
.088
.119

.410
.364
.302

.097
.125
.157

.00092
.00072
.00050

.141
.141
.141

.107
.095
.079

.412
.323
.224

206.5
161.5
112.0

.33
.42
.54

0.675

10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S

.065
.091
.126

.545
.493
.423

.125
.167
.217

.00162
.00133
.00098

.177
.177
.177

.143
.129
.111

.727
.596
.440

363.5
298.0
220.0

.42
.57
.74

0.840

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.065
.083
.109
.147
.188
.294

.710
.674
.622
.546
.464
.252

.158
.197
.250
.320
.385
.504

.00275
.00248
.00211
.00163
.00117
.00035

.220
.220
.220
.220
.220
.220

.186
.176
.163
.143
.122
.066

1.234
1.112
0.945
0.730
0.527
0.155

617.0
556.0
472.0
365.0
263.5
77.5

.54
.67
.85
1.09
1.31
1.71

1.050

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.065
.083
.113
.154
.219
.308

.920
.884
.824
.742
.612
.434

.201
.252
.333
.433
.572
.718

.00461
.00426
.00371
.00300
.00204
.00103

.275
.275
.275
.275
.275
.275

.241
.231
.216
.194
.160
.114

2.072
1.903
1.665
1.345
0.917
0.461

1036.0
951.5
832.5
672.5
458.5
230.5

0.69
0.86
1.13
1.47
1.94
2.44

1.315

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.065
.109
.133
.179
.250
.358

1.185
1.097
1.049
0.957
0.815
0.599

.255
.413
.494
.639
.836
1.076

.00768
.00656
.00600
.00499
.00362
.00196

.344
.344
.344
.344
.344
.344

.310
.287
.275
.250
.213
.157

3.449
2.946
2.690
2.240
1.625
0.878

1725
1473
1345
1120
812.5
439.0

0.87
1.40
1.68
2.17
2.84
3.66

1.660

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.065
.109
.140
.191
.250
.382

1.530
1.442
1.380
1.278
1.160
0.896

0.326
0.531
0.668
0.881
1.107
1.534

.01277
.01134
.01040
.00891
.00734
.00438

.435
.435
.435
.435
.435
.435

.401
.378
.361
.335
.304
.235

5.73
5.09
4.57
3.99
3.29
1.97

2865
2545
2285
1995
1645
985

1.11
1.81
2.27
3.00
3.76
5.21

1.900

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.065
.109
.145
.200
.281
.400

1.770
1.682
1.610
1.500
1.338
1.100

0.375
0.614
0.800
1.069
1.429
1.885

.01709
.01543
.01414
.01225
.00976
.00660

.497
.497
.497
.497
.497
.497

.463
.440
.421
.393
.350
.288

7.67
6.94
6.34
5.49
4.38
2.96

3835
3465
3170
2745
2190
1480

1.28
2.09
2.72
3.63
4.86
6.41

2.375

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80ST, 80S
160
XX

.065
.109
.154
.218
.344
.436

2.245
2.157
2.067
1.939
1.687
1.503

0.472
0.776
1.075
1.477
2.195
2.656

.02749
.02538
.02330
.02050
.01552
.01232

.622
.622
.622
.622
.622
.622

.588
.565
.541
.508
.436
.393

12.34
11.39
10.45
9.20
6.97
5.53

6170
5695
5225
4600
3485
2765

1.61
2.64
3.65
5.02
7.46
9.03

2.875

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.083
.120
.203
.276
.375
.552

2.709
2.635
2.469
2.323
2.125
1.771

0.728
1.039
1.704
2.254
2.945
4.028

.04003
.03787
.03322
.02942
.02463
.01711

.753
.753
.753
.753
.753
.753

.709
.690
.647
.608
.556
.464

17.97
17.00
14.92
13.20
11.07
7.68

8985
8500
7460
6600
5535
3840

2.48
3.53
5.79
7.66
10.01
13.69

3.500

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
160
XX

.083
.120
.216
.300
.438
.600

3.334
3.260
3.068
2.900
2.624
2.300

0.891
1.274
2.228
3.016
4.213
5.466

.06063
.05796
.05130
.04587
.03755
.02885

.916
.916
.916
.916
.916
.916

.873
.853
.803
.759
.687
.602

27.21
26.02
23.00
20.55
16.86
12.95

13,605
13,010
11,500
10,275
8430
6475

3.03
4.33
7.58
10.25
14.32
18.58

4.0

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S

.083
.120
.226
.318

3.834
3.760
3.548
3.364

1.021
1.463
2.680
3.678

.08017
.07711
.06870
.06170

1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047

1.004
0.984
0.929
0.881

35.98
34.61
30.80
27.70

17,990
17,305
15,400
13,850

3.48
4.97
9.11
12.50

4.5

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
120
160
XX

.083
.120
.237
.337
.438
.531
.674

4.334
4.260
4.026
3.826
3.624
3.438
3.152

1.152
1.651
3.17
4.41
5.58
6.62
8.10

.10245
.09898
.08840
.07986
.07170
.06647
.05419

1.178
1.178
1.178
1.178
1.178
1.178
1.178

1.135
1.115
1.054
1.002
0.949
0.900
0.825

46.0
44.4
39.6
35.8
32.2
28.9
24.3

23,000
22,200
19,800
17,900
16,100
14,450
12,150

3.92
5.61
10.79
14.98
19.00
22.51
27.54

Schedule
No.

Outside

Inside

39

Pipe Data: Steel Pipe (cont.)

Cross-sectional Area
Inside
Wall
Thickness, Diameter,
in.
in.
Flow, ft2
Metal, in2

Nominal
Pipe
Size, in.

Outside
Diameter,
in.

5.563

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80SX, 80S
120
160
XX

.109
.134
.258
.375
.500
.625
.750

5.345
5.295
5.047
4.813
4.563
4.313
4.063

1.87
2.29
4.30
6.11
7.95
9.70
11.34

6.625

5S
10S
40ST, 40S
80XS, 80S
120
160
XX

.109
.134
.280
.432
.562
.719
.864

6.407
6.357
6.065
5.761
5.501
5.187
4.897

8.625

5S
10S
20
30
40ST, 40S
60
80XS, 80S
100
120
140
XX
160

.109
.148
.250
.277
.322
.406
.500
.594
.719
.812
.875
.906

40

Schedule
No.

Circumference, ft., or
surface, ft2/ft of length

Capacity at 1-ft/s
velocity
U.S. gal/ lb/h water
min

Weight of
plain-end
pipe, lb/ft

Outside

Inside

.1558
.1529
.1390
.1263
.1136
.1015
.0900

1.456
1.456
1.456
1.456
1.456
1.456
1.456

1.399
1.386
1.321
1.260
1.195
1.129
1.064

69.9
68.6
62.3
57.7
51.0
45.5
40.4

34,950
34,300
31,150
28,850
25,500
22,750
20,200

6.36
7.77
14.62
20.78
27.04
32.96
38.55

2.23
2.73
5.58
8.40
10.70
13.34
15.64

.2239
.2204
.2006
.1810
.1650
.1467
.1308

1.734
1.734
1.734
1.734
1.734
1.734
1.734

1.677
1.664
1.588
1.508
1.440
1.358
1.282

100.5
98.9
90.0
81.1
73.9
65.9
58.7

50,250
49,450
45,000
40,550
36,950
32,950
29,350

7.60
9.29
18.97
28.57
36.39
45.34
53.16

8.407
8.329
8.125
8.071
7.981
7.813
7.625
7.437
7.187
7.001
6.875
6.813

2.915
3.941
6.578
7.265
8.399
10.48
12.76
14.99
17.86
19.93
21.30
21.97

.3855
.3784
.3601
.3553
.3474
.3329
.3171
.3017
.2817
.2673
.2578
.2532

2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258
2.258

2.201
2.180
2.217
2.113
2.089
2.045
1.996
1.947
1.882
1.833
1.800
1.784

173.0
169.8
161.5
159.4
155.7
149.4
142.3
135.4
126.4
120.0
115.7
113.5

86,500
84,900
80,750
79,700
77,850
74,700
71,150
67,700
63,200
60,000
57,850
56,750

9.93
13.40
22.36
24.70
28.55
35.64
43.39
50.95
60.71
67.76
72.42
74.69

10

10.75

5S
10S
20
30
40ST, 40S
80S, 60XS
80
100
120
140, XX
160

.134
.165
.250
.307
.365
.500
.594
.719
.844
1.000
1.125

10.482
10.420
10.250
10.136
10.020
9.750
9.562
9.312
9.062
8.750
8.500

4.47
5.49
8.25
10.07
11.91
16.10
18.95
22.66
26.27
30.63
34.02

.5993
.5922
.5731
.5603
.5475
.5185
.4987
.4729
.4479
.4176
.3941

2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814
2.814

2.744
2.728
2.685
2.655
2.620
2.550
2.503
2.438
2.372
2.291
2.225

269.0
265.8
257.0
252.0
246.0
233.0
223.4
212.3
201.0
188.0
177.0

134,500
132,900
128,500
126,000
123,000
116,500
111,700
106,150
100,500
94,000
88,500

15.19
18.65
28.04
34.24
40.48
54.74
64.43
77.03
89.29
104.13
115.64

12

12.75

5S
10S
20
30
ST, 40S
40
XS, 80S
60
80
100
120, XX
140
160

0.156
0.180
0.250
0.330
0.375
0.406
0.500
0.562
0.688
0.844
1.000
1.125
1.312

12.438
12.390
12.250
12.090
12.000
11.938
11.750
11.626
11.374
11.062
10.750
10.500
10.126

6.17
7.11
9.82
12.88
14.58
15.74
19.24
21.52
26.07
31.57
36.91
41.09
47.14

.8438
.8373
.8185
.7972
.7854
.7773
.7530
.7372
.7056
.6674
.6303
.6013
.5592

3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338
3.338

3.26
3.24
3.21
3.17
3.14
3.13
3.08
3.04
2.98
2.90
2.81
2.75
2.65

378.7
375.8
367.0
358.0
352.5
349.0
338.0
331.0
316.7
299.6
283.0
270.0
251.0

189,350
187,900
183,500
179,000
176,250
174,500
169,000
165,500
158,350
149,800
141,500
135,000
125,500

20.98
24.17
33.38
43.77
49.56
53.52
65.42
73.15
88.63
107.32
125.49
139.67
160.27

14

14

5S
10S
10
20
30, ST
40
XS
60
80
100
120
140
160

0.156
0.188
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.594
0.750
0.938
1.094
1.250
1.406

13.688
13.624
13.500
13.376
13.250
13.124
13.000
12.812
12.500
12.124
11.812
11.500
11.188

6.78
8.16
10.80
13.42
16.05
18.66
21.21
25.02
31.22
38.49
44.36
50.07
55.63

1.0219
1.0125
0.9940
0.9750
0.9575
0.9397
0.9218
0.8957
0.8522
0.8017
0.7610
0.7213
0.6827

3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665
3.665

3.58
3.57
3.53
3.50
3.47
3.44
3.40
3.35
3.27
3.17
3.09
3.01
2.93

459
454
446
438
430
422
414
402
382
360
342
324
306

229,500
227,000
223,000
219,000
215,000
211,000
207,000
201,000
191,000
180,000
171,000
162,000
153,000

23.07
27.73
36.71
45.61
54.57
63.44
72.09
85.05
106.13
130.85
150.79
170.21
189.11

16

16

5S
10S
10
20
30, ST
40, XS
60

0.165
0.188
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.500
0.656

15.670
15.624
15.500
15.376
15.250
15.000
14.688

8.21
9.34
12.37
15.38
18.41
24.35
31.62

1.3393
1.3314
1.3104
1.2985
1.2680
1.2272
1.1766

4.189
4.189
4.189
4.189
4.189
4.189
4.189

4.10
4.09
4.06
4.03
3.99
3.93
3.85

601
598
587
578
568
550
528

300,500
299,000
293,500
289,000
284,000
275,000
264,000

27.90
31.75
42.05
52.27
62.58
82.77
107.50

Pipe Data: Steel Pipe (cont.)

Nominal
Pipe
Size, in.

Outside
Diameter,
in.

Schedule
No.

Cross-sectional Area
Inside
Wall
Thickness, Diameter,
in.
in.
Flow, ft2
Metal, in2

Circumference, ft., or
surface, ft2/ft of length

Outside

Inside

Capacity at 1-ft/s
velocity
U.S. gal/ lb/h water
min

Weight of
plain-end
pipe, lb/ft

80
100
120
140
160

0.844
1.031
1.219
1.438
1.594

14.312
13.938
13.562
13.124
12.812

40.19
48.48
56.61
65.79
72.14

1.1171
1.0596
1.0032
0.9394
0.8953

4.189
4.189
4.189
4.189
4.189

3.75
3.65
3.55
3.44
3.35

501
474
450
422
402

250,500
237,000
225,000
211,000
201,000

136.61
164.82
192.43
223.64
245.25

18

18

5S
10S
10
20
ST
30
XS
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

0.165
0.188
0.250
0.312
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.562
0.750
0.938
1.156
1.375
1.562
1.781

17.670
17.624
17.500
17.376
17.250
17.124
17.000
16.876
16.500
16.124
15.688
15.250
14.876
14.438

9.25
10.52
13.94
17.34
20.76
24.16
27.49
30.79
40.64
50.28
61.17
71.82
80.66
90.75

1.7029
1.6941
1.6703
1.6468
1.6230
1.5993
1.5763
1.5533
1.4849
1.4180
1.3423
1.2684
1.2070
1.1370

4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712
4.712

4.63
4.51
4.58
4.55
4.52
4.48
4.45
4.42
4.32
4.22
4.11
3.99
3.89
3.78

764
760
750
739
728
718
707
697
666
636
602
569
540
510

382,000
379,400
375,000
369,500
364,000
359,000
353,500
348,500
333,000
318,000
301,000
284,500
270,000
255,000

31.43
35.76
47.39
58.94
70.59
82.15
93.45
104.67
138.17
170.92
207.96
244.14
274.22
308.50

20

20

5S
10S
10
20, ST
30, XS
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

0.188
0.218
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.594
0.812
1.031
1.281
1.500
1.750
1.969

19.624
19.564
19.500
19.250
19.000
18.812
18.376
17.938
17.438
17.000
16.500
16.062

11.70
13.55
15.51
23.12
30.63
36.21
48.95
61.44
75.33
87.18
100.3
111.5

2.1004
2.0878
2.0740
2.0211
1.9689
1.9302
1.8417
1.7550
1.6585
1.5763
1.4849
1.4071

5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236
5.236

5.14
5.12
5.11
5.04
4.97
4.92
4.81
4.70
4.57
4.45
4.32
4.21

943
937
930
902
883
866
826
787
744
707
665
632

471,500
467,500
465,000
451,000
441,500
433,000
413,000
393,500
372,000
353,500
332,500
316,000

39.78
46.06
52.73
78.60
104.13
123.11
166.40
208.87
256.10
296.37
341.09
397.17

24

24

5S
10, 10S
20, ST
XS
30
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

0.218
0.250
0.375
0.500
0.562
0.688
0.969
1.219
1.531
1.812
2.062
2.344

23.564
23.500
23.250
23.000
22.876
22.624
22.062
21.562
20.938
20.376
19.876
19.312

16.29
18.65
27.83
36.90
41.39
50.39
70.11
87.24
108.1
126.3
142.1
159.5

3.0285
3.012
2.948
2.885
2.854
2.792
2.655
2.536
2.391
2.264
2.155
2.034

6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283
6.283

6.17
6.15
6.09
6.02
5.99
5.92
5.78
5.64
5.48
5.33
5.20
5.06

1359
1350
1325
1295
1281
1253
1192
1138
1073
1016
965
913

679,500
675,000
662,500
642,500
640,500
626,500
596,000
569,000
536,500
508,000
482,500
456,500

55.37
63.41
94.62
125.49
140.68
171.29
238.35
296.58
367.39
429.39
483.12
542.13

30

30

5S
10, 10S
ST
20, XS
30

0.250
0.312
0.375
0.500
0.625

29.500
29.376
29.259
29.000
28.750

23.37
29.10
34.90
46.34
57.68

4.746
4.707
4.666
4.587
4.508

7.854
7.854
7.854
7.854
7.854

7.72
7.69
7.66
7.59
7.53

2130
2110
2094
2055
2020

1,065,000
1,055,000
1,048,000
1,027,500
1,010,000

79.43
98.93
118.65
157.53
196.08

5S, 10S, and 40S are extracted from Stainless Steel Pipe, ANSI B36.191976, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.
ST = standard wall, XS = extra strong wall, XX = double extra strong wall, and Schedules 10 through 160 are extracted from Wrought-Steel and
Wrought-Iron Pipe, ANSI B36.101975. Decimal thicknesses for respective pipe sizes represent their nominal or average wall dimensions. Mill
tolerances as high as 12 percent are permitted.

41

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