FINAL PROJECT REPORT ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS SUBMITTED TO PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

BY: SONAL MAHAJAN ROLL NO.-7065222460 M.B.A.-IV

GIAN JYOTI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY PHASE-2, MOHALI AFFILIATED TO PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR

2007-2009

DECLARATION
I, the undersigned hereby declare that the final project report submitted to my college i.e. Gian Jyoti Institute of Management & Technology in partial fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Business Administration on Analysis of Investment In Mutual Fund is a result of my own work under continuous guidance and kind co-operation of our college faculty member, Ms Harpinder Kaur. I have not submitted this training report to any other university for the award of degree.

Sonal Mahajan

CERTIFICATE OF GUIDE

This is to certify that the project entitled Analysis of Investment in Mutual Funds is submitted as a final project report of the requirement for the degree of MBA, affiliated to the Punjab Technical University, Jallandhar is a work carried out by Sonal Mahajan, Roll. No.7065222460, under my supervision & guidance.

Project Guide (Ms. Harpinder Kaur)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is not different. I owe the debt of gratitude to my project guide, Ms. Harpinder Kaur, Gian Jyoti Institute of Management & Technology, under whose guidance I was able to complete my project successfully. Her valuable advice and guidance at various stages of the project will always be cherished. My project Analysis of Investment in India Mutual funds has provided me with a great opportunity to get knowledge about the topic and various related aspects to it in detail. I wish to express my thanks to all members of Department of Business Administration in GJIMT for their remarkable guidance and support and to all those who contributed to this work at every stage and helped me accomplish the project successfully.

SONAL MAHAJAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter no. Acknowledgement

Contents

Page no.

Executive summary 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Review of Literature Research Methodology Analysis and Interpretation Summary and Conclusion Recommendations Bibliography Annexure 1-31 32-34 36-37 38-58 59-60 61 62

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Project work is a part of our curriculum that gives us the knowledge about the practical work in any organization and makes are stand in an organization. This also helps to understand & correlate the theoretical concepts better which remains uncovered in the classrooms. I have prepared this report in the process of my postgraduate diploma in business management. The topic that has been taken for the project is " ANALYSIS OF INVSTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS . A mutual fund is uniquely a democratic institution. It is an investment vehicle ideally suited for small and unsophisticated investors. These funds are financial intermediaries, which bring a wider variety of securities within the reach of small and medium investors. These investors by subscribing to mutual fund units can share the capital appreciation in the giant blue chip companies like MNC stocks. It is essentially a mechanism of pooling togther the saving of a large number of investors for collective investment portfolio and expert investment management and advice to a large number of investors through institutionalized risk pooling mechanism. It ensures a

reasonable return , liquidity, safety and security to investors besides proving growth prospects and tax advantage in certain cases. As the mutual fund industry is at a very progression stage from the last decade. It needs a through probe to this fast growing industry term of growth rate, risk and return, portfolio composition etc. In order to achieve the various stated objectives both primary data and secondary data available on the subject is used and other necessary

information is collected from mutual fund houses, newspaper , journals, magazines etc. Data collected is used for knowing the awareness of mutual funds and sources from which the investors get the information about mutual funds .

CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION
Mutual fund is the most suitable investment (or the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed portfolio relatively at a low cost. Anybody with an inventible surplus of as little as a few thousand rupees can be invested in mutual funds. Change in the economic scenario, falling interest rates of bank deposits, volatile nature of capital market and recent hitter experience of investors in making direct investment emphasis the increasing importance of the intermediaries like mutual funds. Mutual funds help the small and medium size investors to participate in today's complex and modern financial scenario. Investors can participate in the mutual fund by buying the units of the fund. The income earned through these investments and capital appreciation realized by the schemes is shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Mutual funds play vital role in mobilization of resources and their efficient al1ocation. These funds played a significant role in financial inter-mediation, development of capital markets and growth of the financial sector as a whole. The active involvement of mutual funds in economic development can be seen by their dominant presence in the money and capital market. In early 19th century, mutual funds have proved to be an important institutional arrangement of risk pooling. These institutions have come to assume so much of significance them they now completely dominate the entire financial market.

1.1 MUTUAL FUND

Mutual Fund is an investment company that pools money from shareholders and invests in a variety of securities, such as stocks, bonds and money market instruments. Most open-end mutual funds stand ready to buy back (redeem) its shares at their current net asset value, which depends on the total market value of the fund's investment portfolio at the time of redemption. Most open-end mutual funds continuously offer new shares to investors. Also known as an open-end investment company, to differentiate it from a closed-end investment company. Mutual funds invest pooled cash of many investors to meet the fund's stated investment objective. Mutual funds stand ready to sell and redeem their shares at any time at the fund's current net asset value: total fund assets divided by shares outstanding. In Simple Words, Mutual fund is a mechanism for pooling the resources by issuing units to the investors and investing funds in securities in accordance with objectives as disclosed in offer document. Investments in securities are spread across a wide cross-section of industries and sectors and thus the risk is reduced. Diversification reduces the risk because all stocks may not move in the same direction in the same proportion at the same time. Mutual fund issues units to the investors in accordance with quantum of money invested by them. Investors of mutual funds are known as unit holders.

The profits or losses are shared by the investors in proportion to their investments. The mutual funds normally come out with a number of schemes with different investment objectives which are launched from time to time. In India , A mutual fund is required to be registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) which regulates securities markets before it can collect funds from the public. In Short, a mutual fund is a common pool of money in to which investors with common investment objective place their contributions that are to be invested in accordance with the stated investment objective of the scheme. The investment manager would invest the money collected from the investor in to assets that are defined/ permitted by the stated objective of the scheme. For example, an equity fund would invest equity and equity related instruments and a debt fund would invest in bonds, debentures, gilts etc. Mutual Fund is a suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost.

1.2 THE CONCEPT OF A MUTUAL FUND:

A mutual fund is a common pool of money into which investors place their contributions that are to be invested in accordance with a stated objective. The ownership of the fund is thus joint or mutual; the fund belongs to all investors. A single investors ownership of the fund is in the same proportion as the amount of the contribution made by him or her bears to the6 total amount of the fund. A mutual fund uses the money collected from investors to buy those assets which are specifically permitted by its stated investment objective. Thus, an equity fund would buy mainly equity assets-ordinary shares, preference shares, warrants

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etc. a bond fund would mainly buy debt instruments such as debentures, bonds, or government securities. It is these assets which are owned by the investors in the same proportion as their contribution bears to the total contribution of all investors put together. When investors subscribes to a mutual fund, he or she buys a part of the assets or the pool of funds that are outstanding at that time. It is no different from buying shares of a joint stock company, in which case the purchase makes the investors a part owner of the company and its assets. In fact, in the U.S.A., a mutual fund is constituted as an investor buys into the fund, meaning he buys the shares of the fund. In India, a mutual fund is constituted as a trust and the investor subscribes to the units issued by the fund, which is where the term Unit Trust comes from. However, whether the investors get fund shares or units is only a matter of legal distinction. In any case, a mutual fund shareholder or unit-holder is a part owner of the funds assets. In this project, used the term unit-holder includes the mutual fund account-holder or close-end fund shareholder. A unitholder in unit trust of India US-64scheme is the same as a UTI Master shareholder or investors in an Alliance or DSP Merrill Lynch or Prudential-ICICI or Tata or Templeton or SBI or any other fund managers open-end or close-end scheme. Since each owner is a part owner of a mutual fund, it is necessary to establish the value of his part. In other words, each share or unit that investors hold needs to be assigned a value. Since the units held by-an investors evidence the ownership of the funds assets the value of the total assets of the fund when divided by the total number of units issued by the mutual fund gives us the value of one unit. This is generally called the Net Asset Value (NAV) of one unit or

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share. The value of an investors part ownership is thus determined by NAV of the number of units held number of units held

1.3 HISTORY OF INDIAN MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank the. The history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases. First Phase 1964-87 Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was delinked from the RBI and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had Rs.6, 700 crores of assets under management. Second Phase 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds): 1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund established in June 1987 followed by Can bank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC

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established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December 1990. At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47,004 crores.

Third Phase 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds) With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993 The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more comprehensive and revised Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996.The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of Rs. 1, 21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44, 541 crores of assets under management was way ahead of other mutual funds. Fourth Phase since February 2003 In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with assets under management of Rs.29, 835 crores as at

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the end of January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme, assured return and certain other schemes. The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning under an administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and does not come under the purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations. The second is the UTI Mutual Fund Ltd., sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76, 000 crores of assets under management and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations, and with recent mergers taking place among different private sector funds, the mutual fund industry has entered its current phase of consolidation and growth.

As at the end of September, 2004, there were 29 funds, which manage assets of Rs.153108 crores under 421 schemes.

The graph indicates the growth of assets over the years.

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GROWTH IN ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF MUTUAL FUNDS

1. Income. Income funds focus on dividends and interest that provide income to investors. This is a relatively steady source of money, but the funds NAV can still go up and down.

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2. Growth. Growth funds focus on increasing the value of the principal or amount invested through capital gains and net asset values. Growth funds are usually more risky but offer greater potential return. 3. Stability. Stability funds focus on protecting the amount invested from loss so the funds NAV does not go down. This is the least risky type of fund but may make the least amount of money. 1.5 TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS A mutual fund may float several schemes which may be classified on the basis of its structure, its investment objectives and other objectives.

A. Mutual fund schemes by structure 1. Open ended schemes: Open ended fund scheme is open for subscription all through year. An investor can buy or sell the units at NAV(net asset value)related price at any time. 2. Close-Ended funds: A close-ended fund is open for subscription only during specified period, generally at the time of initial public issue. The close ended fund scheme is listed on the some stock exchange where an investor can buy or sell the units of this type of scheme. 3. Interval fund: Interval funds combine both the features of open-ended fund and closeended funds.

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B. Mutual Fund schemes by investment objectives: 1. GROWTH FUNDS: The objective of growth fund scheme is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long term. This type of scheme is an ideal scheme for the investors seeking capital appreciation for long period. 2. INCOME FUNDS: The income fund schemes objective is to provide regular and steady income to investors. 3. BALANCED FUNDS: The objective of balanced fund schemes is to provide both growth and regular income to investors. 4. MONEY MARKET FUNDS: The objective of money market funds is to provide easy liquidity, regular income and preservation of income.

C. GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION: 1. DOMESTIC FUNDS: Funds which mobilize resources from a particular geographical locality like a country or a region are domestic funds. The market is limited and confined to the boundaries of a nation in which the fund operates. They can invest only in the securities, which are issued and traded in the domestic financial market. 2. OFFSHORE FUNDS;

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Offshore funds attract foreign capital for investment in the country of the issuing company. They facilities cross-border fund flow which leads to an increase in foreign currency and foreign exchange reserves. Such mutual funds can invest in securities of foreign companies. They open domestic capital market to international investors. Many mutual funds in India have launched a number of offshore funds, either independently or jointly with foreign investment management companies. The first offshore fund, the India fund, was launched by unit trust of India in July 1986 in collaboration with the US fund manager, Merril Lynch.

D. OTHER FUNDS: 1. TAX SAVING SCHEMES: The objective of Tax Saving Schemes is to offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Indian Income Tax Laws. Investment made under some schemes is allowed as deduction u/s 88 of the Income Tax Act. 2. INDUSTRY SPECIFIC SCHEMES: Industry specific schemes invest only in the industries specific in the offer document of the schemes. 3. SECTORAL SCHEMES: The schemes invest particularly in specific industries or initial public offering. 4. INDEX SCHEMES: Such schemes link with the performance of BSE sensex or NSE. 5. LOAD FUNDS:

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A loan fund charges a commission each time when you buy or sale units in the fund. 6. NO-LOAD FUNDS: A No-Loan fund does not charge a commission on purchase or sale of the unit in the fund. 7. EQUITY-LINKED SAVING SCHEME(ELSS): In order to encourage investor to invest in equity market, the government has given tax-concessions through special schemes. Investment in these schemes entitles the investor to claim an income tax rebate, but these schemes carry a lock in period before the end of which funds cannot be withdrawn.

1.6 ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDS

If mutual funds are emerging as the favorite investment vehicle, it is because of the many advantages they have over other forms and avenues of investing, particularly for the investor who has limited resources available in terms of capital and ability to carry out detailed research and market monitoring. The following are the major advantages offered by mutual funds to all investors: 1) Portfolio Diversification: Mutual funds normally invest in a well-diversification portfolio or securities. Each investor in a fund is a part owner of all of the funds assets. This enables him to hold a diversified investment portfolio even with a small amount of investment that would otherwise require big capital. 2) Professional Management :

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Even if an investor has a big amount of capital available to him, he benefits from the professional management skills brought in by the management of the investors portfolio. The investment management skills, along with the needed research into available investment option, ensure a much better return than what n investor can manage on his own. Few investors have the skills and resources of there own to succeed in todays fast-moving, global and sophisticated markets. 3) Reduction/Diversification Of Risk : An investor in a mutual fund acquires a diversified portfolio, no matter how small his investment. Diversification reduces the risk of loss, as compared to investing directly in one or two share or debentures or other investments. When an investor invests directly, all the risk of potential loss is his own. A fund investor also reduces his risk in another way. While investing in the pool of funds with other investors, any loss on one-two securities is also shared with other investor. This risk reduction is one of the most important benefits of a collective investment vehicle like the mutual fund. 4) Reduction Of Transaction Costs : What is true of risk is also true of the transaction costs. A direct investor bears all the costs of investing such as brokerage or custody of securities. When going through a fund, he has the benefits of economies of scale: the fund pays lesser costs because of larger volumes, a benefit passed on to its investors. 5) Liquidity: Often, investors hold shares or bonds they cannot directly, easily and quickly sell. Investment in a mutual fund, on the other hand, is more liquid. An investor can liquidate the investment, by selling the units to the fund if open-end,

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or selling them in the market if the fund is close-end and collect funds at the end of a period specified by the mutual fund or the stock market. 6) Convenience And Flexibility: Mutual fund management companies offer many investor services that a direct market investor cannot get. Investors can easily transfer their holding from one scheme to the other, get updated market information, and so on.

1.7 DISADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDS

While the benefits of investing through mutual funds far outweigh the disadvantages, an investors and his advisor will do well to be aware few shortcomings of using the mutual funds as investment vehicles. 1. No Control Over Costs: An investor in a mutual fund has no control over the overall cost of investing. He pays investment management fees as long as he remains with the fund, albeit in return for the professional management and research. Fees are usually payable as a percentage of the value of his investment, whether the fund value is rising or declining. A mutual fund investor also pays fund distribution costs, which he would not incur in direct investing. However, this shortcoming only means that there is a cost to obtain the benefits of mutual fund services. However, this cost is often less then the cost of direct investing by the investors. 2. No Tailor-Made Portfolios: Investors who invest on their own can build their own portfolios of shares, bonds and other securities. Investing through funds means he delegates this decision to the fund managers. The very high-net-worth individuals or large

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corporate investors may find this to be a constraint in achieving their objectives their objectives. However, most mutual fund help investors overcome this constraint by offering families of schemes- a large number of different schemeswithin the same fund. An investor can choose from different investment plans and construct a portfolio of his choice. 3. Managing A Portfolio of Funds: Availability of a large number of funds can actually mean too much choice for the investor. He may again need advice on how to select a fund to achieve his objectives, quite similar to the situation when he has to select individual shares or bonds to invest in. 3. Risk Factors:
Mutual fund and securities investments are subject to market risk and there is no assurance or guarantee that the objective of the schemes will be

achieved. As with any security investment, he Net Asset Value (NAV) of the units issued under the schemes can go up or down depending on the factors affecting the capital market. Past performance of the sponsors, the Asset Management Company/ Fund does not indicate the future performance of the fund. 4. Net Asset Value (NAV): It is the common practice for the mutual fund to compute the share of each investor on the basis of the value of net asset per share/unit, commonly known as the Net Asset Value. It is the market value of the assets minus the liabilities on the day of valuation. In other words it is the amount which the shareholder will collectively get if the fund is dissolved or liquidation. NAV= {Market price of securities + other assets Total liabilities}/Units outstanding at the NAV date.

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NAV={Net asset of the scheme + Number of units outstanding, Market value of investment + Receivables + Other accrued income + other assets Accrued expenses-other payable liabilities}/Number of units outstanding at the date of NAV.

1.8 ORGANISATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS

A mutual fund in India is constituted in the form of trust under public trust act, 1882. The key players namely sponsors, mutual fund trust, and Asset Management Company (AMC) are involved in setting up a mutual fund. They are assisted by other independent administrative entities like banks, registrars, transfer agents, and custodians (Depository participants). There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organizational set up of a mutual fund:

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Trustees

The trust of mutual finds may be managed by a board of trustees, or a trust company, corporate body. Most of the funds in India are managed by Board of Trustees. Sponsor Sponsor is the person who acting alone or in combination with another body corporate establishes a mutual fund. Sponsor must contribute atleast 40% of the networth of the Investment Manged and meet the eligibility criteria prescribed under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996.The Sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss or shortfall resulting from the operation of the Schemes beyond the initial contribution made by it towards setting up of the Mutual Fund.

Asset management Company The trustees appoint the AMC with the prior approval of SEBI. The AMC is a company formed and registered under the companies act,1956 to manage the affairs of the mutual fund and operate the schemes of such mutual funds. It charges a fee for the services it renders to the mutual fund trust.
Registrar and Transfer Agent

The AMC if so authorized by the Trust Deed appoints the Registrar and Transfer Agent to the Mutual Fund. The Registrar processes the application form, redemption requests and dispatches account

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statements to the u nit holders. The Registrar and Transfer agent also handles communications with investors and updates investors records

1.9 REGULATIONS OF MUTUAL FUNDS IN INDIA

In India SEBI and RBI act as regulators of mutual fund. SEBI (Mutual Fund) REGULATIONS,1996

The provisions of this regulations pertaining to AMC are: All the schemes to be launched by the Asset Management Company(AMC) need to be approved by the trustees and copies of offer document of such schemes are to be filed with SEBI. The offer document shall contain adequate disclosure to enables the investor to make informed decision. Advertisement in respect of schemes should be in conformity with the SEBI prescribed advertisement code, and discloses the method and periodicity of the valuation of investment sales and repurchase in addition to the investment objectives. The listing of close ended schemes is mandatory and every close ended scheme should be listed on a recognized stock exchange with in six months from the closure of subscription. However, listing is not mandatory in case the scheme provides for monthly income or caters to the special classes of persons like senior citizen, women, children, and physically handicapped. If the scheme discloses detail of repurchase in the offer document: if the schemes opens for repurchase with in six months of closure of subscription.

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 Units of a close ended scheme can be opened for sale or redemption at a predetermined fixed interval if the minimum and maximum amount of sale, redemption, and periodicity is disclosed in the offer document. Units of a close ended scheme can also be converted into an open ended scheme with the consent of majority of the unit holder and disclosure is made in the offer document about the option and period of conversion. Units of a close ended scheme may be rolled over by passing resolution by a majority of the shareholders. No scheme other than unit linked schemes can be opened for more than 45 days. The AMC must specify in the offer document about the minimum subscription and the extent of over subscription, which is intended to be retained. In the case of over subscription, all applicants applying up to 500 units must be given full allotment subjected to over subscription. The AMC must refund the application money if minimum subscription is not received and also the excess over subscription with in the six weeks of closure of subscription. Guaranteed returns can be provided in a scheme if such returns are fully guaranteed by the AMC or sponsor. In such cases, there should be a statement indicating the name of the person, and the manner in which the guarantee is to be made must be stated in the offer document. A close ended scheme shall be wound up on redemption date, unless it is rolled over, or if 75% of the unit holders of a scheme pass a resolution of winding up of the scheme : if the trustee on happening of any event, requires the scheme to be wound up: or if SEBI, so directed in the interest of investors.

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1.10 PROFILE OF MUTUAL FUNDS

Mutual funds now represent perhaps the most appropriate investment opportunity for the most investors. As financial markets become more sophisticated and complex, investors need a financial intermediary who provides the required knowledge and professional expertise on successful investing. It is no wonder then that in the birthplace of mutual fund-the U.S.A. - the fund industry has already overtaken the banking industry, more funds being under mutual fund management than deposited with banks. The Indian mutual fund industry has already started opening up many of the exciting investment opportunities to Indian investors. We have started witnessing the phenomenon of more saving now being entrusted to the funds than to the banks. Despite the expected continuing growth in the industry, mutual funds are still a new financial intermediary in India. Hence, it is important that the investors, the mutual fund agents/distributors the investment advisors and even fund employees acquire better knowledge of what mutual funds are, what they can do for investors and what they cannot, and how they function differently from other intermediaries such as the banks.

1.11 PLACE OF MUTUAL FUND IN FINANCIAL MARKETS:

Indian household started allocating more of their saving to the capital markets in 1980s, with investments flowing into equity and debt instruments, besides the conventional mode of bank deposits.

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Until1992 primary market investors were effectively assured good return as the issue price of new equity issue was controlled and low. After introduction of free pricing of shares, new issue prices were higher and with greater volatility in the stock markets, many investors who bought highly priced shares lost money, and withdraw money from the market altogether. Even those investors, who continued as direct investors in stock markets, realized that the key to successful investing in the capital markets lay in building a diversified portfolio, which in turn required substantial capital. Besides, selecting securities with growth and income potential from the capital market involved careful research and monitoring of the market, which was not possible for all investors. Under similar circumstances in other countries, mutual funds had emerged as professional intermediaries. Besides providing the expertise in stock market investing these fund allow investing in small amounts and yet holding a diversified portfolio to limit risk, while providing the potential for income and growth that is associated with the debt and equity instruments. In India, Unit Trust of India occupied this place as the only capital markets intermediary from 1964 until late 1987, when the government started allowing other sponsors also to set up mutual funds. With some ups and downs, this new class of intermediary institution has emerged, in India as elsewhere, as a good alternative to direct investing in capital markets. Mutual fund serves as a link between the saving public and the capital market, as they mobilize savings from investor and bring them to borrowers in the capital markets. By the very nature of their activities, and by virtue of being knowledgeable and informed investors, they influence the stock markets and play an active role in promoting good corporate governance, investor protection and the health of capital market. Mutual funds have imparted much needed liquidity into

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the financial system and challenged the hitherto dominant role of banking and financial institution in the capital markets.

When you invest in a mutual fund, your money is pooled with other investors money in the fund you receive units, or shares, in the fund in exchange for the money you invest.

The fund uses the money received from investors to buy investors to buy investments, which are held in trust on behalf of the investors by a custodian the custodian must be either a Canadian chartered bank or a large trust company.

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Each mutual fund is managed by a professional manager. The fund manager invests the money in a variety of investments, and charges the fee for providing this service

1.12 STRUCTURE OF MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Mutual Fund Industry

SEBI MFs Association of mutual fund

Sponsor Board of Trustees

AMC

Custodian

Investors

Public sector

Private sector

UTI

Bank sponsored

FI sponsored

Schemes

Domestic

Off shore

Growth Growth

Income

Income& Purpose

Sectoral

Special

Tax saving

Others

Equity

Bonds

Metals

Real estate

Money Market Indices

Security Price

Others

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1.13 HOW TO INVEST IN MUTUAL FUND

In Mutual Funds, Assured Return Schemes are those schemes that assure a specific return to the unit holders irrespective of performance of the scheme. A scheme cannot promise returns unless such returns are fully guaranteed by the sponsor or AMC and this is required to be disclosed in the offer document. Investors should carefully read the offer document whether return is assured for the entire period of the scheme or only for a certain period. Some schemes assure returns one year at a time and they review and change it at the beginning of the next year. HOW TO FILL MUTUAL FUND APPLICATION FORM An investor must mention clearly his name, address, number of units applied for and such other information as required in the application form. He must give his bank account number so as to avoid any fraudulent encashment of any cheque/draft issued by the mutual fund at a later date for the purpose of dividend or repurchase. Any changes in the address, bank account number, etc at a later date should be informed to the mutual fund immediately. MUTUAL FUND OFFER DOCUMENT An abridged offer document, which contains very useful information, is required to be given to the prospective investor by the mutual fund. The application form for subscription to a Mutual Fund is an integral part of the offer document. SEBI has prescribed minimum disclosures in the offer document. An investor, before

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investing in a Mutual Fund scheme, should carefully read the offer document. Due care must be given to portions relating to main features of the Mutual Fund, risk factors, initial issue expenses and recurring expenses to be charged to the Mutual Fund entry or exit loads, sponsors track record, educational qualification and work experience of key personnel including fund managers, performance of other Mutual Fund schemes launched by the mutual fund in the past, pending litigations and penalties imposed, etc. CAN MUTUAL FUND CHANGE SCHEME Yes. They Can However, no change in the nature or terms of the scheme, known as fundamental attributes of the Mutual Fund e.g. structure, investment pattern, etc. can be carried out unless a written communication is sent to each unit holder and an advertisement is given in one English daily having nationwide circulation and in a newspaper published in the language of the region where the head office of the mutual fund is situated. The unit holders have the right to exit the Mutual Fund at the prevailing NAV without any exit load if they do not want to continue with the scheme. The mutual funds are also required to follow similar procedure while converting the scheme form close-ended to open-ended scheme and in case of change in sponsor. The mutual funds are required to inform any material changes to their unit holders. Apart from it, many mutual funds send quarterly newsletters to their investors. At present, offer documents are required to be revised and updated at least once in two years. In the meantime, new investors are informed about the material changes

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by way of addendum to the offer document till the time offer document is revised and reprinted.

1.14 MUTUAL FUNDS PERFORMANCE

The performance of a Mutual Fund is reflected in its net asset value (NAV) which is disclosed on daily basis in case of open-ended schemes and on weekly basis in case of close-ended schemes. The NAVs of mutual funds are required to be published in newspapers. The NAVs are also available on the web sites of mutual funds. All mutual funds are also required to put their NAVs on the web site of Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) www.amfiindia.com and thus the investors can access NAVs of all mutual funds at one place The mutual funds are also required to publish their performance in the form of half-yearly results which also include their returns/yields over a period of time i.e. last six months, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years and since inception of schemes. Investors can also look into other details like percentage of expenses of total assets as these have an affect on the yield and other useful information in the same half-yearly format. The mutual funds are also required to send annual report or abridged annual report to the unit holders at the end of the year. Various studies on mutual fund schemes including yields of different schemes are being published by the financial newspapers on a weekly basis. Apart from these, many research agencies also publish research reports on performance of mutual funds including the ranking of various schemes in terms of their performance.

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Investors should study these reports and keep themselves informed about the performance of various schemes of different mutual funds. Investors can compare the performance of their schemes with those of other mutual funds under the same category. They can also compare the performance of equity oriented schemes with the benchmarks like BSE Sensitive Index, S&P CNX Nifty, etc. On the basis of performance of the mutual funds, the investors should decide when to enter or exit from a mutual fund scheme WHERE DOES MUTUAL FUNDS INVEST The mutual funds are required to disclose full portfolios of all of their schemes on half-yearly basis which are published in the newspapers. Some mutual funds send the portfolios to their unit holders. The scheme portfolio shows investment made in each security i.e. equity, debentures, money market instruments, government securities, etc. and their quantity, market value and % to NAV. These portfolio statements also required to disclose illiquid securities in the portfolio, investment made in rated and unrated debt securities, non-performing assets (NPAs), etc. Some of the mutual funds send newsletters to the unit holders on quarterly basis which also contain portfolios of the schemes.

34

Where can an investor look out for information on mutual funds? Almost all the mutual funds have their own web sites. Investors can also access the NAVs, half-yearly results and portfolios of all mutual funds at the web site of Association of mutual funds in India (AMFI) www.amfiindia.com. AMFI has also published useful literature for the investors.
Investors can log on to the web site of SEBI www.sebi.gov.in and go to "Mutual Funds" section for information on SEBI regulations and guidelines, data on mutual funds, draft offer documents filed by mutual funds, addresses of mutual funds, etc. Also, in the annual reports of SEBI available on the web site, a lot of information on mutual funds is given. There are a number of other web sites which give a lot of information of various schemes of mutual funds including yields over a period of time. Many newspapers also publish useful information on mutual funds on daily and weekly basis. Investors may approach their agents and distributors to guide them in this regard.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY As mutual funds are instrumental in bringing out the household savings in circulation in the market, therefore there is a great need for indepth analysis to ascertain whether the investors are aware about the mutual fund schemes or not and weather these schemes are performing according to the expectations of the ordinary investors of not. During recent years, this important institution has shown poor performance. Its position has been made dismissal by sudden collapse of US-64 fund of Unit Trust of India. This decelerating performance calls for a research to study how any investors have made the investments in these schemes and the key persons for the same. So far not much research has been conducted on the mutual fund

35

predominance in India. This research is important and unique in the sense that it analyses the predominance of the market vis--vis the performance of the mutual fund industry. This study take into account the various schemes started by almost all the players in the Indian market in order to know whether they are better than the market or not, whether the mutual fund managers are able to minimize and diversify the various kinds of risk through planning their respective portfolios with the expertise and talent they have.

SOME IMPORTANT TERMS

Net Asset Value (NAV) The performance of a particular scheme of a mutual fund is denoted by Net Asset Value (NAV).Mutual funds invest the money collected from the investors in securities markets. In simple words, Net Asset Value is the market value of the securities held by the scheme. Since market value of securities changes every day, NA V of a scheme also varies on day to day basis. The NA V per unit is the market value of securities of a scheme divided by the total number of units of the scheme on any particular date. For example, if the market value of securities of a mutual fund scheme is Rs 200 lakhs and the mutual fund has issued 10 lakhs units of Rs. 10 each to the investors, then the NAV per unit of the fund is Rs.20. NA V is required to be disclosed by the mutual funds on a regular basis - daily or weekly depending on the type of scheme.

Sales or repurchase/redemption price The price or NA V a unit holder is charged while investing in an open ended scheme is called sales price. It may include sales load, if applicable.

36

Repurchase or redemption price is the price or NA V at which an open-ended scheme purchases or redeems its units from the unit holders. It may include exit load, if applicable. Load or no-load Fund A Load Fund is one that charges a percentage of NA V for entry or exit. That is, each time one buys or sells units in the fund, a charge will be payable. This charge is used by -the mutual fund for marketing and distribution expenses. Suppose the NA V per unit is Rs.l'p. If the entry as well as exit load charged is 10/0, then the investors who buy would be required to pay Rs.0.1 0 and those who offer their units for repurchase to the mutual fund will get only Rs.9.90 per unit. The investors should take the loads into consideration while making investment as these affect their yields/returns. However, the investors should also consider the performance track record and service standards of the mutual fund which are more important. Efficient funds may give higher returns in spite of loads. A no-load fund is one that does not charge for entry or exit. It means the investors can enter the fund/scheme at NA V and no additional charges are payable on purchase or sale of units.

Sales Load It is a charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units? It is also called 'Frontend' Load. Repurchase or 'Back-end' Load It is a charge collected by a scheme when it buys back the units from the unit holders. Mutual funds cannot increase the load beyond the level mentioned in the offer document. Any change in the load will be applicable only to prospective

37

investments and not to the original investments. In case of imposition of fresh loads or increase in existing loads, the mutual funds are required to amend their offer document so that the new investors are aware of loads at the time of investment.

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CHAPTER - II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Kumar Vijay
Mutual Funds have opened salutary avenues for development of capital market and mobilizing savings. For their orderly growth, it is pertinent that he investors interest should be protected. After investment, services of a high order and quality should be guaranteed. The encouraging public response to the Mutual Funds reveals the potential of mobilizing the savings of the masses for industrial finance. The securities scam and the subsequent fall in the share prices have made the public reluctant to invest their savings in the stock market and Mutual Funds can make use of this opportunity to mobilize the savings of the economy. The managers of the mutual funds have to accept the challenge to analyse the needs and investment preference of the investors and device schemes to suit their needs. Indeed, with the entry of private sector mutual funds, this industry is posed for a tremendous growth. No doubt, mutual funds will have a major role in mobilizing the savings of the household sector, in the years to come.

Dua Monika The mutual fund industry in India is at the stage of infancy but is slowly and steadily progressing towards the stage of growth. And from the passage from growth to popularity it will be obvious to the investor in India that the industry has maximum potential and benefits to the investor. This combined with the ever-

39

increasing players in the MF market promises to make it one of most exciting areas in the field of finance. However, in the fact of intensive competition success will come only to those MFs who prove their mettle in the market. This will include: Reliability of investment performance Understanding Investor needs while designing investment schemes. Quality of post sale service given to clients.

Singh Paramjit The encouraging public response to the mutual funds reveals the potential of mobilizing the savings of the masses for industrial finance. The mutual fund need amendments and modifications with respect to have a uniform rules and regulations for governing mutual funds, disclosure of information, listing of mutual funds in stock exchanges, disallowing private sector in entering mutual fund business, removing urban biasness, limit of investment of a mutual fund company should be lowered.

Nayak Mahesh The typical equity investor in India is a seasonal investor, who tends to rush into a bull market and gets carried away with the good returns from diversified schemes, says Hemant Rustagi, CEO, Wiseinvest Advisors. This is a perfect description. And when the market gets volatile, like now, or when it slides, the retail investor, trapped without an exit route, pulls out of equity altogether, opting to go with small savings, debt instruments and other assured return, low-risk avenues. Is there no middle path? For the conservative investor who would like to start flirting with equity, there are index funds. However, this option has been largely

40

out of favour with Indian investors. And for obvious reasons. Returns generated by diversified funds have consistently beaten those by index funds. In the past year, diversified funds have given an average return of 49 per cent compared to 37 per cent by index funds. Kirkire Sandesh Over the last few years, the Indian financial system has undergone sea changes. The most remarkable of them is the evolution of investor preference in favour of market-linked investment vehicles, as compared to conventional assured return instruments. The same is evident from the fact that the asset under management with mutual funds (excluding UTI) have grown from about Rs.35,000 crore in March 2000 to over Rs.2,07,000 crore in January 2007.

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CHAPTER - III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER III
3.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM
The purpose of this project was Analysis of investments in Mutual funds.

3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The present research problem is taken to study the Analysis of Investments in mutual funds with the following objectives:1. To study the investors knowledge and awareness about various Mutual Fund schemes present in the market. 2. To know about sources from where investors get information about mutual funds.

3.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is a systematic way of conducting a project. It is a series of steps, which are undertaken in order to reach at the final decision.

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3.4 RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is an arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research to the research purpose with economy in procedure. A good research design has the characterstics viz problem definition, specific method of data collection analysis.

3.5 POPULATION
The population consists of investors in Chandigarh.

3.6 SAMPLE PLAN

For present study a sample of 100 investors were taken. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample units.

3.7 DATA COLLECTION

The collection, of data regarding the awareness was both from primary and secondary source of information. For meeting first two objectives primary data is used and to meet third objective secondary data is used. Primary data:Primary data was collected by using the interview method and questionnaire method for investors. Secondary data:Secondary data was collected from newspapers- The Economic Times; Business Today, Journal of Finance, pamphlets and booklets,mutual funds website.The questions included were open-ended and multiple choice.

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3.8 ANALYSIS OF DATA

For analyzing the data collected firstly a master table was prepared to note down the responses in a tabular form.The statistical techniques used include tally marks, mean score, percentage method and rank method and Z-test

3.9 LIMITATIONS OF REPORT

An analysis has been done as per the objectives and attempt has been done to study each and every parameter to make it more useful and to the mark. effort has been done so that information collected is correct for the subject studied but there are some limitations which are as follow.

Study has been undertaken only on 100 investors of Chandigarh which cannot provide the information of general public.

Data collected is from different sources. Mainly secondary data which might have changed or fluctuated.

Analysis in done on 100 investors only. So the same cannot be imposed on whole population.

The time constraint was one of the major problem. The lack of information sources for analysis part.

44

CHAPTER-IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The present chapter includes the analysis of the primary data collected from the investors through the questionnaires. A total of 100 investors were taken and were personally interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire to get the information regarding the awareness level of Mutual Fund schemes. 4.1 According to the first objective, "To study the investor knowledge and awareness about various mutual fund schemes present in the market", the following results are: Table 4.1(a) : No. of investors who are investing in Mutual Fund schemes present in India OPTIONS YES NO NO. OF INVESTORS 72% 28%

NO. OF INVESTORS

NO 28%

YES 72%

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From the above pie chart, it is clear that 72% of the investors invest in Mutual Fund schemes present in India and 28% investors are not aware about Mutual Fund schemes. This shows that more than half of the investors are aware about Mutual Fund schemes. Table 4.1 (b): Factors which are considered by investor while selecting the scheme for investment

RANK GIVEN Factor considered for investment 1 2 3 4

Tax benefit Return Liquidity Saving

31 29 8 3

31 13 14 16

10 21 14 25

0 9 36 28

The following chart shows the pictorial view of the above statistical data: Chart showing Factors Considered by the Investor for Investment
factor considered while investment in mutual fund
40 35

no of respndents

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 ranks 3 4

Tax benefit Return Liquidity Saving

46

 More of the people consider tax benefit as most important criteria for

investment.As we can see that 31 people has ranked it as 1st and another 31 ranked it as 2nd. People while making an investment also take return into account. But return has relatively less important as compared to Tax Benefit. A SME person is also considered about liquidity. But here we see that liquidity is not given more importance.

Table 4.1(c) : Occupation of the investors who are investing in mutual funds

OCCUPATION Businessman Salaried Any other

NO. OF INVESTORS 14 80 6

From the above table, it is clear that occupation of investors also influence there investment decision 14% of investors belong to business class, 80% of investors are salaried and 6% of investors are from' other class like Pensioners, Retired. So, it is clear that the no. of salaried class people is greater than the other class people. It's also clear that they have keen interest especially in investing in mutual fund schemes so as to avail various benefits

47

NO. OF INVESTORS
80 60 40 20 0 NO. OF INVESTORS

Busines Salaried sman 14 80

Any other 6

NO. OF INVESTORS

Provided under these schemes such as regular income which is more important for salaried class people and other benefits like tax benefits, for saving purpose etc.

Table:4.1 (d) Schemes which the investors prefer while making investment in mutual fund

SCHEMES Open-ended Scheme Close-ended Scheme Balanced Fund Money Market Mutual Fund Leverage Funds

NO. OF INVESTORS 40 2 21 9 NIL

From the above table, it is clear that 40 out of 72 investors prefer open ended schemes i.e 55% of investors are preferring Open-ended scheme, 29% of

48

investors are preferring Balanced Fund schemes, 3% of investors Close-ended schemes, 13% of investors money market mutual fund scheme and no investor is preferring leverage funds. It also shows that the open-ended schemes suit to the investors approximately two times more than the balanced fund schemes whereas the money market mutual fund schemes suit to the investors seven times more than the closed fund schemes. It reflects that investors prefer open-ended schemes more because they want to sustain the regular income along with liquidity as these funds can be sold at any time.

Schemes suit to the investors

60%

No. of Investors

40% 20% NO. OF INVESTORS 0% Ope Clos Bala Mon Lev

55% 3% 28% 14% 0% NO. OF INVESTORS Scheme

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Table 4.1(e) :Information, which is required by the investor for selection of mutual fund scheme to invest in:-

Attributes Rate of Return/Yield Maturity Period Risk Attached Profitability Any Other

No. of Investors 28 18 22 27 5

information about attributes affecting investment decision in mutual fund

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

percentage

No. of Investors

Profitability

Rate of Return/Yield

attributes

50

Any Other

Risk Attached

Maturity Period

From the above table, it is clear that 28% of investors required the rate; of return/yield information, another 18% investors required the information related to maturity period, still another 27% investors required profitability information, 22% investors required risk attached information and 5% investors required other information like liquidity or investment portfolio etc. This shows that the investors are greatly concerned with the information regarding rate of return and profitability. To some extent, investors are also concerned with the risk attached factor also and then with the maturity period. Investors are least concerned with the other factors such as market conditions, liquidity, investment portfolio, investment strategy and company profile etc.

Table 4.1(f) Reason due to which respondents are reluctant for making investment in mutual fund Reason No. of respondents % of respondents Bitter past experience Lack of knowledge Lack of confidence Difficult scheme selection Inefficient advisor Total 3 28 14 7 2
7.14 %

7.14%

50% 25%

10.7% 100

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The following pie chart shows the pictorial view of the above statistical data: Chart showing reasons for not investing in Mutual Funds.

7%

11%

7%

Bitter past experience Lack of knowledge Lack of confidence Difficult scheme selection

25%

50% Inefficient advisor

Most of the people donot invest in Mutual Funds because of lack of knowledge (50%) and lack of confidence (25%). Some investors have difficulty in selection of schemes. Some of them are not getting proper guidance from their advisers. Few no. of investors has bitter past experience so they decided that they do not invest in Mutual Funds .

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Table 4.1(g)

Satisfaction level of investors investing in mutual funds in

relation to returns, liquidity, flexibility, safety, diversification.

Highly satisfied - Returns - Liquidity - Flexibility - Safety 19 17 15 16 Satisfied Indifferent Dissatisfied High dissatisfied 5 3 7 3

33 36 29 31

8 11 12 18

7 5 9 4

Returns:X 5 4 3 2 1 F 19 33 8 7 5 f = 72 Total Population mean = 4 Sample mean = fx f fx 95 132 24 14 5 fx =270 = 3.75 fx2 475 528 72 28 5 fx2 =1108 Percentage 26.3 45.8 11.11 9.72 6.94

53

Assumption: Investors are satisfied by investing their money in mutual funds w.r.t Returns as reported by majority of investors i.e 46%. To test whether this factor is applicable to all the investors. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. It is parametric in nature. Sample Size n = 100 , n> 30 .Therefore Z test is applicable Standard deviation , = 1.148 Standard error = 0.11 Level of significance = 5 % Level of confidence = 95% Two tail test is applicable

8. Hypothesis Setting HO = XS= XP where Xs sample mean and Xp is population mean Ha = XS XP 9. Zc = | Xs Xp | Standard Error = | 3.75 4 | 0.11 = 2.27 > Zt =1.96

Null hypothesis is rejected which means alternate hypothesis is accepted Inference :- The difference in two means is significant. We can genaralise the result to all investors who are investing in mutual funds to earn satisfactory returns

54

% age of investors satisfied by returns From investment in mutual funds

7% 10% 26% highly satisfied 11% satisfied indifferent dissatisfied highly dissatisfied

46%

The above graph shows that nearly 70% of investors are satisfied by returns they get by investment in mutual fund. Only 17% of investors are dissatisfied.thus mutual funds is useful tool for earning the satisfactory returns.
LIQUIDITY: X 5 4 3 2 1 F 17 36 11 5 3 f = 72 Total fx 85 144 33 10 3 fx =275 fx2 425 576 99 20 3 fx2 =1123 percentage 23.6 50 15.3 6.94 4.16

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Population mean = 4 Sample mean = fx f = 3.81

Assumption: Investors are satisfied by investing their money in mutual funds w.r.t liquidity as reported by majority of investors i.e 50%. To test whether this factor is applicable to all the investors. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. It is parametric in nature. Sample Size n = 100 , n> 30 .Therefore Z test is applicable Standard deviation , = 1.036 Standard error = 0.103 Level of significance = 5 % Level of confidence = 95% Two tail test is applicable

8. Hypothesis Setting HO = XS= XP where Xs sample mean and Xp is population mean Ha = XS XP 9. Zc = | Xs Xp | Standard Error = | 3.81 4 | 0.103 = 1.84 < Zt =1.96 So null hypothesis is accepted Alternate hypothesis is rejected.

56

Inference :- The difference in two means is insignificant. We can generalise the result to all investors investing in mutual fund.

%age of investors satisfied by investment in mutual funds for liquidity reason

7% 15%

4% 24% HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED INDIFFERENT DISSATISFIED HIGHLY DISSATISFIED 50%

The above graph shows more than 50% of investors are satisfied with investment in mutual funds as far as liquidity is considered. Thus most of investors consider mutual funds as important tool for investment so as to have liquidity in investment .15% of investors are indifferent and remaining 11% are dissatisfied w.r.t liquidity provided by investment in mutual fund

57

FLEXIBILITY:X 5 4 3 2 1 F 15 29 12 9 7 f = 72 Total fx 75 116 36 18 7 fx =252 fx2 375 464 108 36 7 fx2 =990 percentage 20.83 40.27 16.7 12.5 9.72

Population mean = 4 Sample mean = fx f

= 3.5

Assumption: Investors are satisfied by investing their money in mutual funds w.r.t liquidity as reported by majority of investors i.e 50%. To test whether this factor is applicable to all the investors. 1 .It is parametric in nature. 2 .Sample Size n = 100 , n> 30 .Therefore Z test is applicable 3. Standard deviation , = 1.224 4. Standard error = .122 5. Level of significance = 5 % 6. Level of confidence = 95% 7. Two tail test is applicable

58

8. Hypothesis Setting HO = XS= XP where Xs sample mean and Xp is population mean Ha = XS XP 9. Zc = | Xs Xp | Standard Error = | 3.5 4 | 0.122 = 4.09 >Zt =1.96 So null hypothesis is REJECTED Alternate hypothesis is ACCEPTED Inference :- The difference in two means is significant. We can generalise the result to all investors investing in mutual fund.

% OF INVESTORS SATISFIED BY FLEXIBILITY PROVIDED BY MUTUAL FUNDS

10% 12%

21% HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED INDIFFERENT DISSATISFIED HIGHLY DISSATISFIED 40%

17%

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The pie chart shows that only 21% of investors are highly satisfied by investing in mutual funds for the purpose of flexibility and 40% of investors are satisfied by investing in mutual fund for achieving flexibility. 17% of investors have indifferent attitude. And nearly 22% of investors are dissatisfied w.r.t flexibility provided by mutual funds. SAFETY:X 5 4 3 2 1 F 16 31 18 4 3 f = 72 Total fx 80 124 54 8 3 fx =269 fx2 400 496 162 16 3 fx2 =1077 percentage 22.2 43.05 25 5.56 4.16

Population mean = 4 Sample mean = fx f = 3.73

Assumption: Investors are satisfied by investing their money in mutual funds w.r.t liquidity as reported by majority of investors i.e 50%. To test whether this factor is applicable to all the investors. 1.It is parametric in nature. 2.Sample Size n = 100 , n> 30 .Therefore Z test is applicable

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3.Standard deviation , = 1 4.Standard error = .1 5.Level of significance = 5 % 6. Level of confidence = 95% 7. Two tail test is applicable

8. Hypothesis Setting HO = XS= XP where Xs sample mean and Xp is population mean Ha = XS XP 9. Zc = | Xs Xp | Standard Error = | 3.73 4 | 0.1 = 2.7 >Zt =1.96 So null hypothesis is REJECTED Alternate hypothesis is ACCEPTED Inference :- The difference in two means is significant. We can generalise the result to all investors investing in mutual fund.

61

percentage of investors satisfied by safety provided by investment in mutual funds

6% 25%

4%

22%

HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED INDIFFERENT DISSATISFIED HIGHLY DISSATISFIED

43%

The above chart shows that more than 60% of investors consider mutual fund as safe option to invest. 25% have indifferent attitude and only 10% are dissatisfied by investment in mutual funds for safety. Thus most of the investors consider mutual funds as safe investment.

Table 4.1 (h) Mutual funds as an option for investment in future Now a days Mutual funds are becoming an investment option for people. When I told about benefits of Mutual Fund to respondents and ask them will they consider Mutual Fund as an investment option in future? Following table shows result of that question.

no. of respondents Yes No Total 91 9 100

Percentage 91% 9% 100%

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9%

yes no

91%

The above chart shows that almost all the investors want to invest in mutual funds in future if they assure tax benefits, high returns, liquidity, less risk and diversification. Provided proper knowledge about various mutual fund schemes suiting there needs, more investors would like to invest in near future.

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4.2 According to the second objective, "To know about sources where respondents get information about mutual funds", the following results are: Table 4.2 (a): Sources for providing information to investors.

OPTIONS Advertisement Friends Sales person Broker Any other

NO. OF INVESTORS 38 10 4 18 2

The chart showing above information is as:-

sources of information for investment in mutual fund

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

no. of respondents

Series1

em

Fr ie

rs

pe

Br

ve rt i s

Ad

Sa

le s

sources

64

An

ot he r

en t

nd s

on

ok

er

From the above chart, it is clear that out of 72 investors who have invested in Mutual Fund schemes, 52% of investors are satisfied that the advertisement provides them the proper information and 25% investors get knowledge from brokers. Friends and salesperson have little contribution in motivating them for investment So it shows that investors who are satisfied with the advertisement are twice than other investors. This results that the advertisement is an effective media for providing the information to the investors while making the investment decision and advertisement is the only media which helps in providing the complete information to the investors regarding the schemes.

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CHAPTER - V

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

Summary of findings
Today almost every investor is aware about mutual funds and its schemes. As per report and analysis most of the investor want to make investment in mutual funds Salaried class people are keener investor in mutual fund than other to earn regular income through different schemes. Investor preferences as per scheme.

Open ended scheme to earn regular income and for liquidity purpose. Close ended to get capital appreciation by investing in these funds. Balanced funds are also been popular to diversify risk and reward. Investors need tax benefits and returns, so they invest in mutual fund. Mutual funds are more preferred than other investments. Mutual funds provide more profit then any other investment. It helps in diversification of risk and can be more rewarding. Investor are earning high profits and increasing there investments in mutual funds

Investor gets information through different media such as TV, Radio, and Magazines & Journals and helps them in taking decision of what to purchase.

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Some investors are reluctant to invest in mutual funds due to lack of knowledge and lack of confidence.

Advertisement in newspaper, magazine & pamphlets provide a make an effective media to take decision among customers.

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CHAPTER VI SUGGESTIONS

Mutual funds are still an urban phenomenon. Trust build up over time. Today still, there is a lack of awareness about mutual fund. People have heard the name of mutual fund , but they actually do not know the various schemes of mutual fund. So one of prime challenges in front of mutual fund is lack of awareness.

Media can provide more information by giving proper advertisement of schemes.

Other categories than salaried class should be motivated to purchase mutual funds for investments. To attract more investors mutual fund company should provide motive and objective of scheme in advertisements.

Some innovativeness is required in industry. It is imperative to be innovative ahead of market trends.

There is a need to educate investors about various schemes and benefits by investing in mutual fund.

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CHAPTER- VII BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Dua Monika Mutual funds In India : A study of investment management 2.Gupta S.K "Financial Management" Ka l yani Publications,2nd edition, 2003 3.Kothari C.R. "Research Methodology" Vishwa Prakashan, 2nd

edition, 2003 4. Kumar Vijay Mutual funds Investment In Emerging Markets : An Overview. 5.Nayek Mahesh Mutual Funds In India: marketing strategies and investment. 6.Paramjit Singh Management of Mutual Funds: emerging issues 7. Pandey, I.M."Financial Management" Vikas Publishe rs, 8th edition

WEBSITES www.amfiindia.com www.investors.sebi.gov.in www.mutualfundindia.com www.ohioline.osu.edu www.personalfn.com www.scribd.com www.investopedia.com

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QUESTIONNAIRE
(a) (b) (c) (d) Name Age Occupation Gender : : : : Male Female 1. Do you invest in Mutual Funds? Yes No If answer to question 1 is yes answer the following;2. In which Mutual fund scheme have you currently invested? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Open ended scheme Close ended scheme Balanced fund Money marked mutual fund Leverage funds

3. You primarily invest in mutual fund for (Rank according to your preference)

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[ ] Tax Benefits [ ] Returns [ ] Liquidity [ ] Savings [ ] Any other (Please specify) 4. You come to know about mutual fund schemes from (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 5.. Advertisement Friends Sales person Broker Other...............

Are you satisfied with your investment in mutual funds? Highly satisfied Satisfied Indifferent Dissatisfied High dissatisfied

- Returns - Liquidity - Flexibility - Safety - Diversification

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If answer to question 1 is no then answer the following:-

6. Your company does not invest in Mutual Fund because of i. Bitter past experience [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] May be ii. Lack of Knowledge [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Maybe iii. Lack of confidence in service being provided [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Maybe iv. Difficulty in selection of schemes [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Maybe v. In-efficient investment advisors [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] May be

7. If Mutual Fund offer you Steady Returns, Tax Benefits, Liquidity, Diversification of Portfolio, Lesser Risk would consider it as an investment option in the future ? [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] May be 8. Would you be interested to know more about Mutual Funds? [ ] Yes [ ] No.

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