Scott Bader

Corrosion Resistant Resins for Chemical Containment and Piping
Range and Specification
Chemical Containment
Scott Bader offers an outstanding range of corrosion resistant, chemical grade high performance unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins. They are suitable for the manufacture of GRP tanks, pipes and containers for acids, alkalis, fuels, foodstuffs, wine, water and other demanding materials. Crystic chemical grade resins have been used to make a wide variety of glass reinforced polyester (GRP) components for the transfer and containment of chemicals for over 50 years and can be used with confidence. Crystic chemical grade resins are used in demanding chemical environments where long-term resistance to heat and chemical attack is essential.
Typical GRP applications

Storage tanks Piping Ducts Scrubbers Containers Chemical plants Sewage and water treatment plants
Tanks by Burgalesa del Poliester made from Vinylester Crystic VE671
Typical chemical products handled

GRP tanks, containers and pipes are ideally suited for the safe, reliable storage and transfer of: Corrosive chemicals Fuels Potable water Effluents and contaminated liquids Wine Sewage Agricultural waste Animal feeds Foodstuffs
Part of a Cooling System for Nuclear Central Station in Finland made from Crystic Vinylester VE 671
Benefits of using GRP

Crystic polyester GRP components have other added benefits: Lightweight, strong, tough composite structure Require little maintenance Easy to clean using a high-pressure hose Repair work can be carried out in-situ, fast and cost effectively On-site system modifications are often feasible
3 x 30m3 storage tanks for water treatment manufactured using Crystic 397PA
1
COVER IMAGES (clockwise) - Tanks manufactured by Burgalesa del Poliester made with Crystic VE671, for outstanding corrosion resistance. (Yellow and White). Monster Hopper (10m long x 6m wide x 7.5m high) manufactured from 4mm fabric backed polypropylene material and reinforced externally with Crystic 397Pa. 25 tonne Salt saturators manufactured by Forbes using Crystic 2-406 with Crystic 397 corrosion barriers. (Blue tanks). 3 x 70m3 Ferric Sulphate storage tanks maufactured using Crystic 397PA (Green tanks).
Pipes and pipe linings.

Scott Bader has supplied polyester resins to GRP pipe and pipe liner manufacturers for over 40 years. Much of the early development with GRP pipes was for applications in chemical plants. Filament winding and centrifugal casting techniques have been developed to produce lightweight, low maintenance GRP pipes efficiently and effectively.
Crystic resins and gelcoats

A complete range of proven Crystic products is offered for piping and lining applications including isophthalic and vinyl ester resins for sewage and water carrying pipes.
Major GRP pipe applications

Chemical plant pipework Underground piping Above ground pressure pipes Sewage piping Potable water distribution
Trenchless sewer repairs using the KM INLINER system used successfully throughout the world since 1980 by KMG International of Germany
Trenchless pipe repairs with GRP liners

In situ repair work can be carried out using a cured-in-place GRP liner, which is placed inside a damaged pipe then expanded to fit the existing pipe and simultaneously cured by circulating hot water. Pipe repair work can also be carried out by using a pre-fabricated GRP slip liner, which can be used to line live piping systems.
The result of pipe refurbishment with KM INLINER is a long lasting, corrosion and abrasion resistant lining
Both pipe repair techniques are now used worldwide. Costs and disruption are kept to a minimum whilst essential repair work is carried out. Scott Baders long association with the GRP pipe and pipe lining markets and its technical expertise and range of proven products for the GRP pipe industry gives customers peace of mind and a real competitive advantage for their business.
Pipe jointing
This can be carried out using spigot and socket systems with gaskets. Polyester resin collars can easily be cast onto pipe ends and machined to the appropriate dimensions. Resilient polyester resins containing a high loading of filler - such as ground silica flour - can be cold cured extremely rapidly and prove to be ideal for casting pipe collars. Pipes can also be butted together and joined using an overlay GRP joint, wet laminated on site.
High performance corrosion resistant range

Crystic resins are carefully formulated to offer the specifier excellent chemical resistance combined with good mechanical properties at a competitive price. They give the moulder the greatest advantages in ease-of-use and mould turn-round whilst maintaining their excellent properties.
Forbes Technologies Ltd, the U.K's leading manufacturer of chemical storage tanks state that: "We have used Scott Bader resins, including Crystic 397PA almost exclusively for the past 30 years. We have used Crystic 397PA for many arduous chemical storage applications with great long term success."
Crystic 196
Orthophthalic polyester resin for laminates with low taint and good resistance to non-alkaline conditions.
BS 3532: Type B.
Bottom tank for acrylate vapour scrubber tower, fabricated in Crystic 397PA by Forbes Technology Limited.
Crystic 197
A higher temperature resistant modification of Crystic 196 for use in warm climates.
Crystic 392
Isophthalic-NPG polyester resin for strong, durable laminates with exceptional resistance to a wide range of chemicals. Gives good adhesion to uPVC liners.
Wine Laboratories Ltd approval.
Crystic 198
Orthophthalic polyester resin with high heat resistance.
BS3532: Type C
Crystic 397PA
Thixotropic, pre-accelerated isophthalic-NPG polyester resin producing laminates with low taint and excellent resistance to a wide range of chemicals. Gives good adhesion to uPVC liners.
Wine Laboratories Ltd. Water Bylaws Advisory Service approval (with Crystic Gelcoat 69PA)
Crystic 474PA
Pre-accelerated, thixotropic version of Crystic 198.
Crystic 272
Low viscosity, isophthalic polyester resin capable of producing high performance laminates with low taint. Recommended for filament winding processes.
Water Bylaws Advisory Service approval.
Crystic 600PA
Pre-accelerated epoxy modified bisphenol polyester resin with excellent resistance to many chemicals, including alkalies.
VE 673
A vinyl ester resin based on epoxy novolac with excellent solvent, general chemical and thermal resistance.
Crystic 491PA
Pre-accelerated, thixotropic version of Crystic 272.
Wine Laboratories Ltd approval, Water Bylaws Advisory Service approval (with Crystic Gelcoat 65PA)
VE 671
Quick curing vinyl ester resin with outstanding chemical resistance to a wide range of substances at room and elevated temperatures. Suitable for all conventional techniques, epoxy bisphenol type, non accelerated and non thixotropic. High reactivity.
Crystic 274
A higher temperature resistant modification of Crystic 272 for use in warm climates.
Crystic 199
Isophthalic polyester resin for laminates requiring very high heat resistance.
BS 3532: Type C,
VE 676
A vinyl ester resin based on epoxy Bisphenol A for the manufacture of components with excellent chemical and thermal resistance.
Cost-effective design information based on maximum operating temperatures

The aim of this section is to assist our customers in the cost-effective design of GRP products with resistance to a specific chemical or mixtures of chemicals. Information is presented on the recommended Crystic resins, ranging from orthophthalic polyester resins (which have good resistance to acidic conditions) to the improved resistance of isophthalic polyester resins. Also available are the more sophisticated and expensive bisphenol modified resins and vinyl ester resins, which are designed for exceptional all-round chemical resistance. These resins are listed in Table I. Table II covers a wide range of chemicals and presents the maximum operating temperature in C for laminates made as recommended on page 5, with these Crystic resins, under the chemical groups listed below.
Inorganic Chemicals
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Acids (mineral) Alkalies Hypochlorites Plating solutions Miscellaneous inorganic chemicals Salt solutions Water
Organic Chemicals
1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Acids (organic) Alcohols/glycols Foodstuffs/edible oils Fuels/oils Miscellaneous organic chemicals to which GRP is resistant Miscellaneous organic chemicals to which GRP is generally not resistant Fire extinguisher foams Surfactants
Within each chemical group, the chemicals are listed in alphabetical order and where possible the Maximum Operating Temperature for fully post cured material is given.
Background to the Maximum Operating Temperatures

The Maximum Operating Temperatures for chemical-resistant Crystic resin laminates in various environments have been determined from a number of sources including case histories, laboratory tests and practical experience in various parts of the world. Provided that the GRP structure is manufactured to high standards and in the case of chemical tanks, designed in accordance with the requirements of BS 4994:1987 with full post-cure, the design life period will be ensured. Some GRP tanks made with Crystic polyester resin have already operated for over 12 years within our recommended temperature limits. Guidelines to assist in the design of GRP components using the K factor of safety approach used in BS 4994 are presented on page 7. BS 4994:1987 provides options other than full post-curing, which are linked to the factor of safety k5. However, in critical environments our recommended curing procedures at elevated temperatures should be obtained from our Technical Service Department. The given Maximum Operating Temperatures apply to GRP mouldings and not GRP liners used in the protection of metal, concrete and other materials. GRP linings will extend the life of many materials but the Maximum Operating Temperature of the GRP lining should not exceed 60C. because of factors such as:- differential thermal expansion and the inability to post-cure effectively and completely.
Recommendations for chemical resistant laminates

Assessment of the evidence over several decades shows that the following factors together are particularly important in achieving maximum resistance of glass reinforced polyester laminates operating in chemical environments. Matched fully formulated barrier layer and structural resin system Complete wetting-out of the reinforcement Minimum void content in barrier layer and laminate Reinforcement with non-hydrolysable binder Fabrication under optimum workshop conditions and post-curing at our recommended elevated temperatures Use of recommended thickness of barrier layer * Reinforcement not pressed too close to the surface Sufficient protection of the back of the laminate to be resistant to splashes etc.
Barrier layers can consist of either a thermoplastic liner, or a GRP barrier layer of 3-4mm thick made up of C glass surface tissue or a suitable synthetic tissue reinforced with chopped strand mat at a high resin:glass ratio. To be CONFIDENT in the chemical resistance of glass reinforced laminates in contact with chemical environments follow the complete recommendations above including the specification of a matched Crystic barrier layer resin and a Crystic chemically resistant structural resin.
Part of an export shipment of 42 x 60m3 tanks for a Uranium mining project in Kazakhstan, manufactured from Crystic 397PA by Forbes Engineering.
Acid environments
In acid environments it is important to ensure that the structural laminate is adequately protected from the environment by a substantial barrier layer. This can consist of either a thermoplastic liner or a GRP barrier layer several millimeters thick made up of C glass surface tissue and chopped strand glass mat at a high resin:glass ratio. GRP in acid environments can suffer premature degradation as a result of the stress corrosion cracking of glassfibre reinforcement. It is therefore necessary that the recommended barrier layer be backed with the appropriate Crystic resin, as listed, reinforced with an acid resistant glass eg ECR (Extra Chemical Resistant).
Post-curing
Post-curing recommendations for some resins are contained in individual technical leaflets or, if not, they should be obtained from our Technical Service Department. If the proposed operating temperature is above 80C then the laminate must receive, in addition to the general recommended post cure mentioned, a further minimum post-cure of at least three hours at 100C or at the design working temperature, whichever is the greater. The entire laminate must be immersed in hot air, which is controlled at the recommended temperature.
Potable water, wine and foodstuffs

Selected Crystic resins are recommended for use with the above and have been approved to the requirements of various authorities. Post-curing requirements are important. In these and all critical environments, specific recommendations about curing and post-curing procedures must be obtained from our Technical Service Department.
104m3 double wall Fibreglass underground storage tank, made from Crystic 199 by Hensel Phelps International S.A for the U.S. Consolate Compound, Cape Town, South Africa
High reactivity Isophthalic - C199 Bisphenol polyester C600/novolac CVE 673 Isophthalic NPG - C397 Epoxy vinyl ester - VE 676 Isophthalic NPG - C392 Medium reactivity Isophthalic - C274 Low reactivity Isophthalic - C272 Medium reactivity Orthophthalic - C197 Low reactivity Orthophthalic - C196
Variation of HDT of cast polyester resin with post-cure temperature

Barcol hardness is generally used as an indication of the degree of cure of the laminate but this is not sensitive enough to assess the level of cure for chemical or food storage applications. A laminate cured at room temperature or 40C, for example, will achieve an acceptable Barcol hardness for most applications. However, the Heat Distortion Temperature (HDT) and the degree of cross linking within the polymer will, generally, be below the level required for safe chemical containment. 16hr at 40C has been shown to give the same level of post cure as 28 days at room temperature (20C) and reference to the graph below shows that this results in HDTs of only 50-65C, depending upon the resin type. The use of higher post-cure temperatures leads to a higher percentage of the materials HDT (and chemical resistance) being achieved.
HDT (0C)
*Scott Bader post-cure 5 hours at 80oC followed by 3 hours at 120oC

130
120 110 100
90 80
70 60 50 40
40 16
60 16
70 16
80 16
100 3
120 *
Post-cure temperature (0C) Time at post-cure temperature (hr)
Guidelines for designing with k factors used in BS4994:1987

To assist in the design of components utilising the K factor approach used in BS 4994, it is proposed that the following guidelines be adopted in interpreting Maximum Operating Temperature data in terms of the k2 factor and the k5 factor (relating to post-cure conditions). These factors are then multiplied together and used with other factors defined in BS 4994 to obtain the overall factor of safety, K.
Relationship between recommended Maximum Operating Temperature (tm) and Factor k2 Temperature of use tm 10C below tm 20C below tm 30C below tm 40C below tm 50C below tm 60C below tm 70C below tm k2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1
Relationship between the effect of post-curing (as determined by Heat Deflection Temperature measurement) and Factor k5 Post Cure temperature (for 6 hours) At the quoted Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT)* 10C below quoted HDT* 20C below quoted HDT* 30C below quoted HDT* 40C below quoted HDT* k5 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.8
tm is the recommended Maximum Operating Temperature for the fully oven cured resin (as shown in Table II of this booklet). When k2 = 1.2, BS 4994 assumes that the strength is >80% of the original ultimate tensile strength. If the loss in strength is >50%, BS 4994 states that the material is unsuitable for total confidence in assessing the level of k2. For chemicals aggressive to GRP full oven post-cure to our recommendations is essential. It is recommended that Appendix E of BS 4994:1987 is consulted to assist in the determination of k2.
At concentrations and use at a Maximum Operating Temperature well below those shown in Table II, where post-curing at elevated temperatures may not be necessary, then k5 = 1.0. If post-curing is carried out at 100C or above, then k5 = 1.0. In very aggressive environments, even at low operating temperatures, high temperature post-cure is essential to achieve cost-effective reinforced structures for chemical plant applications [see BS4994:1987, Section 2 Part 9.2.2.(e)]. If a thermoplastic lining is used which is chemically resistant to the specific conditions, then, in all cases, k2 = 1.1 and k5 = 1.0.
* See Table 1 Page 8 Total immersion in hot air, controlled at the recommended temperature.
VERSION 2000
ISO 9001
I S O 14001
TABLE I - Crystic resins recommended for safe chemical containment Crystic orthophthalic polyester resins
196 197 198 474PA
Good resistance to acidic conditions, low taint Higher temperature resistant C196 type resin High heat resistance Thixotropic pre-accelerated version of Crystic 198 Post cured HDT (1.8 MPA stress)
720C 770C 1100C 1100C
Crystic isophthalic polyester resins

272 491PA 274 199
Low viscosity, high performance resin with low taint. (Particularly suitable for filament winding) Thixotropic pre-accelerated version of Crystic 272 Higher temperature resistant C272 type resin Very high heat resistance
Post-cured HDT
750C 750C 840C 1300C
Crystic isophthalic-NPG* polyester resins

392 397PA
Tough with exceptional resistance to a wide range of chemicals. Good adhesion to uPVC liners. Thixotropic heat resistant resin, with exceptional resistance to a wide range of chemicals and elevated temperatures. Low taint. Good adhesion to uPVC liners.
900C 1250C
Crystic bisphenol polyester resin

C600E/C600PA
Propoxylated bisphenol A modified unsaturated polyester resin.
1200C
Crystic epoxy-modified vinyl ester resins

VE 671 VE 676 VE 673
Based on epoxy bisphenol A, excellent chemical and thermal resistance. Based on epoxy bisphenol A, excellent chemical and thermal resistance. Based on epoxy novolac, very good chemical resistance and good thermal resistance.
1000C 950C 1300C
*NPG denotes that neopentyl glycol has been used in the formulation. This is a symmetrical glycol allowing a close-knit molecular structure which resists chemical attack. Cast resin specimens cured for 24 hours at 20C, followed by 5 hours at 80C and 3 hours at 120C, tested to BS 2782.
TABLE II Maximum operating temperatures in oC for chemical resistant FRP laminates fully post-cured at elevated temperature and produced according to the recommendations in our data sheets.
491P A/2
% co nc s
Inorganic chemicals
397P A
196 /
VE67
NR 85 85 75 65 60 60 30 70 50 35 30 95 65 95 90 80 65 50 40 70 60 45 25 NR NR NR 55 35 95 95 95 95 95 75 50 NR
1.1 ACIDS (mineral)
Aqua regia Boric acid1 - aqueous solution Carbonic Chromic acid1 - aqueous solution Chlorine water acid1 Sat. Sat. Sat. 5 10 20 30 Fluosilicic acid1 - aqueous solution 10 15 25 34 Hydrobromic acid1 Hydrochloric acid1
(see also 1.5 Misc Inorganic Chemicals - Hydrogen chloride)
NR 45 45 NR 35 35 NR NR NR NR NR NR 40 35 40 35 30 30 NR 25 35 30 NR NR NR NR NR 10 25 50 85 10 10 50 65 77 90 NR NR 45 45 NA 45 50 25 NR NR
NR 55 55 NR 45 45 NR NR 30 25 NR NR 55 55 55 50 45 40 35 25 50 45 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 55 55 50 55 80 50 NR NR
NR 50 50 25 45 45 NR NR 30 25 NR NR 50 45 50 40 35 30 25 25 45 25 NR NR NR NR NR 25 NR 50 50 45 60 60 30 NR NR
199
NR 70 70 30 55 55 25 NR 65 40 30 25 70 60 70 70 70 55 40 35 55 50 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 70 70 65 70 85 65 NR NR
392
Barrier layer side in contact with environment Barrier layer side isin contact with environment
NR 70 70 45 70 55 30 25 60 35 25 25 65 60 70 65 55 45 30 30 65 55 40 NR NR NR NR 50 30 70 70 65 70 75 65 25 NR
NR 85 85 50 75 60 35 30 65 40 30 25 80 70 80 75 65 55 40 35 70 60 45 NR NR NR NR 50 35 80 80 80 80 85 70 25 NR
NR 95 95 55 65 55 30 30 65 40 30 25 95 70 95 85 70 65 30 40 70 60 45 25 NR NR NR 50 30 95 95 90 95 100 70 40 NR
20 48 5 15 20 25 35
Hydrofluoric acid1 Nitric acid1
20 5 10 20 40
Concentrated Fuming Oleum (fuming sulphuric acid) Perchloric acid1 - aqueous solution Phosphoric acid1 Sulphur Dioxide, aqueous solution (sulphurous acid) (see also1.5 Misc Inorganic Chemicals) Sulphuric Acid1
71 95
1. 2. NR NA s
A resistant veil such as saturated polyester should be used in the surface in contact with this chemical, in place of glass. A resistant veil such as polyacrylonitrile should be used in the surface in contact with this chemical, in place of glass. Use polyproplyene liner. = Not recommended = Data not available Concentrations (by weight unlessotherwise stated) prepared according to ISO/R175 where relevant.
VE67
NR 95 95 75 65 60 50 30 70 50 35 30 85 65 90 75 65 55 50 40 55 60 45 NR NR NR NR 55 35 90 90 90 90 90 75 40 NR
198 /
272 /
Chemical environment
600E
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
60 50 35 50 70 70 55 60 55 55 75 75 55 80 80 35 70 70 80 80 80 NR 120 95 120 50 70 25 110 65 25
Barrier layer side is in contact with environment
1.2 ALKALIES
Ammonia2 -aqueous solution
5 20 28
NR NR NR
NR NR NR
25 NR NR
199
NR NR NR
30 25 NR
35 30 NR
60 50 35
Ammonium hydroxide2 see Ammonia aqueous solution Barium hydroxide2 - aqueous solution Calcium oxide2 (quick lime) Calcium hydroxide2 - aqueous solution 30 <1 10 25 50 Sat. Potassium hydroxide2 - aqueous solution Sodium - aqueous solution (see caustic soda) hydroxide2 30 Caustic potash2 - aqueous solution Caustic soda2 - aqueous solution (see also sodium hydroxide) 10 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 25 25 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 35 35 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 30 30 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 45 45 35 55 45 35 50 NR 35 25 50 50 40 60 45 30 45 NR 40 30 60 60 50 70 60 50 80 80 50 50 70 70 55 75 60 55 75 75 55
1.3 HYPOCHLORITES
Bleach solution2 (Sodium hypochlorite2 5.25% active chlorine) Calcium hypochlorite - aqueous solution up to 17% active chlorine2 Sodium hypochlorite2 - aqueous solution 14% active chlorine 2
The suitability of FRP for the storage of hypochlorites depends very much upon the pH of the solution. At pH < 11 FRP should not be used
1.4 PLATING SOLUTIONS
Heavy plate solution (see notes at end of table) Plating solutions (see notes at end of table) Cadmium cyanide Chrome Gold Lead Nickel Platinum Silver
40 NR NR 35 35 35 NA 25 100 Gas Sat. Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas 20 vol 100 vol NR 55 45 55 NR 50 NA 55 NR NR
65 NR NR 50 50 50 NA 40 NR 100 55 100 NR 70 NA 80 NR NR
50 NR NR 45 45 45 NA 30 NR 70 50 70 NR 65 NA 65 NR NR
65 NR NR 65 65 65 NA 50 NR 120 70 120 NR 80 NA 90 30 NR
70 NA 25 65 65 65 NA 45 NR 75 70 75 45 70 NA 70 60 25
80 NA 30 75 75 75 NA 60 NR 90 85 90 50 85 NA 85 65 25
80 80 25 90 90 90 80 90 NR 110 95 110 45 100 25 100 65 25
1.5 MISCELLANEOUS INORGANIC CHEMICALS
Bromide liquid Carbon Dioxide Carbon monoxide Chlorine dioxide, wet Chlorine - see also ACIDS (chlorine water) Cyanide gas (dry) (hydrogen cyanide) Hydrogen chloride (dry gas) - see hydrochloric acid
1. A resistant veil such as saturated polyester should be used in the surface in contact with this chemical, in place of glass. 2. A resistant veil such as polyacrylonitrile should be used in the surface in contact with this chemical, in place of glass. Use polyproplyene liner.
Hydrogen peroxide
NR NA s
= Not recommended = Data not available Concentrations (by weight unlessotherwise stated) prepared according to ISO/R175 where relevant.
VE67
60 50 35 80 80 30 70 70 80 80 80 NR 100 90 100 50 70 25 100 65 25
10
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
95 NR 120 80 NA 90 110 95 25 70 95 95 95 40 95 65 90 75 95 90 25 30 95 90 95 80 95 95 95 95 95 80 80 95 95 90 95 95 95 95 95 70 95
1.5 MISCELLANEOUS INORGANIC CHEMICALS (continued)
Hydrogen sulphide gas Iodine, tincture Mercury Photographic developers Silage effluent Sulphur - solid Sulphur dioxide gas (dry) - see also Acids
100 2 100
50 NR 50 35 NA
60 NR 60 50 NA 65 95 55 NR 45 55 55 70 NR 55 50 50 NA 50 50 NR NR 55 50 55 50 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 50 50 50 55 55 55 NR 55
60 NR 60 45 25 60 65 50 NR 40 50 50 60 NR 50 45 45 NA 50 45 NR NR 50 45 50 45 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 45 45 45 50 50 50 NR 50
199
60 NR 100 65 NA 90 115 70 NR 60 70 70 75 NR 70 60 65 NA 70 65 25 25 70 65 70 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 65 65 65 70 70 70 NR 70
55 NR 60 70 NA 60 70 70 NR 65 70 70 60 NR 70 50 65 NA 70 65 NR NR 70 65 70 65 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 65 70 70 70 70 70 NR 70
65 NR 70 80 NA 75 85 85 NR 80 85 85 70 NR 85 70 80 NA 85 80 25 30 85 70 85 70 75 75 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 80 85 85 85 85 75 NR 85
65 NR 100 90 NA 90 105 95 NR 70 95 95 95 30 95 70 90 70 95 90 25 30 95 80 95 80 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 90 95 95 95 95 95 NR 95
100 Gas Sat. Sat. 10 Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. 20 Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
55 55 45 NR 35 45 45 55 NR 45 35 35 NA 45 45 NR NR 45 35 45 35 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 40 40 40 45 45 45 NR 45
1.6 SALT SOLUTIONS
Aluminium chloride - aqueous solution Aluminium fluoride - aqueous solution Aluminium nitrate - aqueous solution
Aluminium potassium sulphate-aqueous solution
Aluminium sulphate - aqueous solution Alums - aqueous solution Ammonium carbonate - aqueous solution Ammonium chloride - aqueous solution Ammonium citrate - aqueous solution Ammonium nitrate - aqueous solution Ammonium persulphate - aqueous solution Ammonium sulphate - aqueous solution Ammonium thiocyanate - aqueous solution Antimony pentachloride - aqueous solution Antimony trichloride - aqueous solution Barium chloride - aqueous solution Barium nitrate - aqueous solution Brine (see Sodium chloride) Calcium bisulphite - aqueous solution Calcium carbonate - slurry Calcium chlorate - aqueous solution Calcium chloride - aqueous solution Calcium nitrate - aqueous solution Calcium sulphate - aqueous solution Chromic sulphate - aqueous solution Cobalt (II) chloride - aqueous solution Copper sulphate - aqueous solution Epsom salts (magnesium sulphate) Ferric chloride - aqueous solution Ferric nitrate - aqueous solution Ferric sulphate - aqueous solution
11
Ferrous sulphate - aqueous solution Glauber salts (sodium sulphate) Lead acetate - aqueous solution Lithium salts - aqueous solution Magnesium chloride - aqueous solution
NR = Not recommended NA = Data not available s Concentrations (by weight unless otherwise stated) prepared according to ISO/R175 where relevant.
VE67
75 NR 100 80 NA 90 100 90 25 70 95 90 90 40 90 65 90 75 90 90 25 30 90 85 90 80 90 90 90 90 90 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 70 90
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
95 95 95 95 95 65 40 95 95 95 45 65 95 70 75 95 80 95 80 75 95 95 95 90 90 95 95 95 80 80 95 95 60 95 80 80
1.6 SALT SOLUTIONS (continued)
Magnesium sulphate - aqueous solution Mercury salts Nickel chloride - aqueous solution Nickel nitrate - aqueous solution Nickel sulphate - aqueous solution Potassium carbonate - aqueous solution Potassium chloride - aqueous solution Potassium ferricyanide - aqueous solution Potassium ferrocyanide - aqueous solution Potassium permanganate - aqueous solution Potassium phosphate - aqueous solution Potassium sulphate - aqueous solution Silver nitrate - aqueous solution Soap - aqueous solution Sodium acetate - aqueous solution Sodium bicarbonate - aqueous solution Sodium bisulphate - aqueous solution Sodium carbonate2 - aqueous solution Sodium chlorate - aqueous solution Sodium chloride - aqueous solution Sodium ferricyanide - aqueous solution Sodium (meta) silicate - aqueous solution Sodium phosphate - aqueous solution Sodium sulphate - aqueous solution Sodium sulphide - aqueous solution Sodium sulphite - aqueous solution Sodium thiocyanate - aqueous solution
Sodium thiosulphate (hypo) - aqueous solution
Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. 10 40 Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. 10 25 Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. 20 Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat.
45 55 45 45 45 NR NR 45 40 40 NR 40 45 NR 40 45 45 45 NR NR 45 45 40 35 40 45 45 45 35 40 45 45 NA 45
55 70 55 55 55 NR NR 55 55 55 NR 50 55 35 60 55 55 55 NR NR 55 55 55 40 60 55 55 55 50 55 55 55 NA 55
50 60 50 50 50 NR NR 50 50 50 NR 45 50 30 60 50 50 50 25 NR 50 50 50 45 45 50 50 50 45 50 50 50 NA 50
199
70 75 70 70 70 25 NR 70 70 70 25 65 70 40 75 70 70 70 30 25 70 70 70 60 65 70 70 70 65 65 70 70 NA 70
70 55 70 70 70 25 NR 70 70 70 25 65 70 60 60 70 70 70 30 25 70 70 70 65 65 70 70 70 65 70 70 70 NA 70
85 70 85 85 85 30 NR 85 85 85 30 80 85 65 70 85 80 80 35 30 85 85 75 80 80 85 85 85 80 75 85 85 NA 85
95 95 95 95 95 80 30 95 95 95 35 90 95 60 85 95 95 95 80 75 95 95 95 80 90 95 95 95 90 85 95 95 25 95
Stannous chloride - aqueous solution Zinc chloride - aqueous solution Zinc cyanide1 Zinc sulphate - aqueous solution
1.7 WATER
De-ionized Sea
100
40 45
50 55
45 50
65 70
65 70
80 85
90 95
1. A resistant veil such as saturated polyester should be used in the surface in contact with this chemical, in place of glass. 2. A resistant veil such as polyacrylonitrile should be used in the surface in contact with this chemical, in place of glass. Use polyproplyene liner. NR = Not recommended NA = Data not available s Concentrations (by weight unless otherwise stated) prepared according to ISO/R175 where relevant.
VE67
90 90 90 90 90 65 40 90 90 90 45 55 90 70 75 90 80 90 80 75 90 90 90 85 85 90 90 90 80 80 90 95 60 90 80 80
12
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
90 85 65 25 NR 95 50 40 NR 95 NR 70 40 40 NR 95 95 85 50 90 25 95 95 95 70 60 80 25 40 40 35 95 95 35 35 50 95 70 40 NR NA NA 95
1.8 ORGANIC CHEMICALS ACIDS
Acetic acid1 - aqueous solution
10 25 70 98
25 NR NR NR NR 45 NR NR NR 45 NR 25 NR NR NR 40 40 45 40 40 NA 40 45 45 NR NR
45 30 NR NR NA 55 30 NR NR 55 NR 30 NR NR NR 55 50 55 40 50 NA 50 55 55 NR NR
50 35 25 NR NR 50 40 25 NR 50 NR 35 25 NR NR 50 45 50 45 45 25 45 50 50 30 NR
199
30 45 35 NR NA 70 50 30 NR 70 NR 50 40 25 NR 70 65 70 60 65 NA 65 70 70 40 NR
55 60 50 NR NA 70 55 35 NR 70 NR 55 45 30 NR 70 65 70 60 65 NA 65 70 70 45 25
30 75 55 NR NA 75 70 50 NR 85 NR 65 55 40 NR 75 80 75 70 70 NA 80 85 85 50 30
90 85 65 NR 35 95 70 60 NR 95 NR 70 55 40 NR 95 90 95 80 90 NA 90 95 95 60 50
Acrylic acid1 Benzoic acid1 - aqueous solution Chloroacetic acid (mono)1 -aqueous solution Chlorosulphonic acid Citric acid - aqueous solution Cresylic acid Formic acid1 - aqueous solution
100 SAT 25 50 100 Sat. 100 20 50 75 100
Lactic acid1 - aqueous solution Maleic Oxalic acid1 - aqueous solution Oleic acid1 acid1 - aqueous solution Phthalic acid1 - aqueous solution Propionic acid1 Stearic acid (Commercial) Tannic acid - aqueous solution Tartaric acid - aqueous solution Trichloroacetic acid1 - aqueous solution
44 Sat. 100 Sat. Sat. 100 100 Sat. Sat. 25 50
1.9 ALCOHOLS / GLYCOLS
Amyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol Brake fluid Butyl alcohol Cyclohexanol Diethylene glycol Dipropylene glycol Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) Ethyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol - aqueous solution Ethylene glycol Hydraulic fluid Isopropyl alcohol Methanol (methyl alcohol) Polyethylene glycol Propyl alcohol Propylene glycol
100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 20 100 100 100 100 100 100
25 NR 25 25 35 45 45 NR NR 25 45 25 NR NR 40 NR 45
40 30 35 35 45 70 70 25 25 30 70 35 35 35 50 35 70
30 25 30 30 30 55 55 25 25 30 55 30 30 25 45 30 55
40 30 35 35 45 80 80 30 30 35 80 35 35 35 65 35 80
25 NR 25 25 30 70 70 25 25 25 70 25 25 25 65 25 70
35 NR 30 30 45 80 80 30 30 35 80 30 35 30 80 35 80
35 25 30 30 35 95 95 25 25 30 95 30 30 30 90 30 95
13
NR = Not recommended NA = Data not available s Concentrations (by weight unless otherwise stated) prepared according to ISO/R175 where relevant.
VE67
90 85 65 NR NR 90 50 40 NR 90 NR 70 40 40 NR 90 90 90 50 90 NR 90 90 90 70 60 40 NR 40 40 25 80 80 25 25 35 90 70 40 NR NA NA 90
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
NA 70 90 90 NA NA 95 100 NA NA 95 90 NA NA 50 50 95 55 NA 60 50 110 100 110 60 50 25 105 110
1.10 FOODSTUFFS / EDIBLE OILS
Beer Castor oil Coconut oil Cotton seed oil Fruit juices Gelatine - aqueous solution Glucose Glycerine (glycerol) Meat extracts Molasses Olive oil Sugar (hot)* Yeast 100 100 100 1 100 100 100
NA 55 NA NA NA 45 NA 55 NA NA 45 NR NA
55 70 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 50 NR 50
199
1.11 FUELS / OILS
Aviation fuel AVTAG/JP4 AVGAS (Aviation gasoline) AVTUR (kerosene) Crude oil, sour or sweet Diesel fuel Ester based lubricating oils (to E.Eng.RD 2487) Fuel oil (see Diesel fuel) Gasoline (see Petrol) Heavy aromatic naphtha (HAN) Kerosene (domestic) Linseed oil Lubricating oil Mineral oil Naphtha Paraffin Petrol (gasoline 98 octane, 4 star, super or unleaded) Silicone oils Transformer oils
100 100 100 100 100 100
NR NR 25 NA 30 45
30 NR 45 NA 40 95
25 NR 30 NA 35 50
35 30 50 NA 45 100
NR NR 25 NA 25 40
25 NR 30 NA 30 55
25 NR 35 85 40 90
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
NR 30 55 45 45 25 30 NR 55 45
40 50 95 95 95 35 50 NR 95 95
NR 30 70 50 50 25 30 NR 70 50
45 55 110 100 100 40 55 40 110 100
NR 25 70 40 40 25 25 NR 70 40
NR 40 85 55 55 35 40 NR 85 55
25 35 105 90 90 30 35 NR 105 95
VE67
50 70 75 90 NA NA 90 90 NA NA 90 90 NA NA 50 50 90 45 NA 45 50 90 90 90 40 50 25 95 95
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
14
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
40 NR NA 40 90 30 80 80 50 70 80 NA 80 50 NA NA NA 40 70 NA 50 NA NA NA 80 80 65 NA
1.12 MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC CHEMICALS TO WHICH GRP IS RESISTANT
Acetone Acriflavine - aqueous solution Amyl acetate Aniline sulphate - aqueous solution Blood Detergents Diallyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalate Diethanolamine Dimethyl phthalate Dioctyl phthalate Ethyl oleate Fire extinguisher foams Formaldehyde - aqueous solution (Formalin) Heptane Hexane Industrial Methylated Spirits (IMS) Iso-octane Lanolin Latex rubber emulsions Naphthalene Paraffin wax Polyvinyl acetate emulsion Starch - aqueous solution Surfactants - aqueous solutions anionic cationic non - ionic Tallow Turpentine Urea - aqueous solution Urine White Spirit
10 100 2 100 Sat.
NR NR 45 NR 30 NA
25 NR 50 NR 45 NA 50 50 NR 50 50 50
NR NR 50 NR 45 25 50 50 NR 50 50 45
199
25 NR 50 25 60 NA 60 60 NR 60 60 65
NR NR 45 NR 65 NA 45 45 25 45 45 65
NR NR 50 NR 70 NA 60 60 35 60 60 70
25 NR 50 25 90 NA 70 70 50 70 70 90
(see surfactants section 1.15) 100 100 100 100 100 100 45 45 NR 45 45 40 30 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sat. 25 25 NR 25 45 NA 25 55 NA 45 35 35 25 35 55 NA 55 95 NA 55 70 70 50 60 60 NA
(see section 1.14) up to maximum stable temperature 25 25 25 25 50 NA 40 70 NA 50 40 40 30 40 70 NA 65 110 NA 70 25 25 25 25 70 NA 35 70 NA 70 30 30 30 35 75 NA 50 85 NA 80 30 30 25 30 95 25 50 105 65 95 80 50 NA NA NA 40 70 NA 50 NA
(see section 1.15) 40 100 100 2 100 55 25 35 30 35 50 95 30 40 25 35 45 70 25 40 30 25 65 110 35 45 35 40 55 70 25 55 35 25 70 85 30 70 50 35 90 105 30 90 65 30 NA NA 40 80 65 NA
15
VE67
40 NR NA NR 90 20
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
NR 30 NR NR NR NR NR 20 NR NR 60 20 NR 30 NR NR 20 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 20 NR NR NR 20 NR NR NR
1.13 MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC CHEMICALS TO WHICH GRP IS GENERALLY NOT RESISTANT
Acrylonitrile Amyl chloride Aniline Anisole Benzaldehyde Benzene Benzyl chloride Butyl acetate Butyl amine Carbon disulphide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Creosote (coal-tar) Cresols Crop spraying chemicals Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethylene Diethyl ether Diethyl formamide Diethyl ketone Dimethyl aniline Dimethyl formamide 1,4 Dioxan Ethyl acetate Ethyl acrylate Ethyl carbonate Ethyl ether Ethylene (di) chloride Furfural
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 15 20 25
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 25 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
199
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 30 NR NR 25 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 30 NR NR 25 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 35 35 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Methyl acetate Methyl bromide (gas) Methylene chloride Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl methacrylate Monochlorobenzene Nitrobenzene Paraquat Perchloroethylene
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
16
VE67
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 45 NR NR 30 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 20 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
30 NR NR 35 40 NR NR NR 30 30 NR NR 35 NA NA NA NA NA
1.13 MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC CHEMICALS TO WHICH GRP IS GENERALLY NOT RESISTANT (continued)
Phenol - aqueous solution Pyridine Styrene Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Tetrahydrofuran Tetralin Thionyl chloride Toluene Trichlorethane Trichloroethylene Vinyl acetate Xylene
1 Sat. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
NA NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
NA NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 25 NR NR NR 40
NA NR NR 25 NR NR NR NR 30 NR NR NR 45
199
25 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 25
1.14 FIRE EXTINGUISHER FOAMS
Protein Flouroprotein Floursynthetic Synthetic
Nicerol FP70 Flouropolydol Tridol 3 Expandol
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
25 25 NR NR NR
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA
50 50 25 25 25
17
VE67
NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 25 NR NR NR 25 NA NA NA NA NA
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
491P A/2
% co nc s
397P A
196 /
VE67
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 65 65 65 70 80
1.15 SURFACTANTS
N-alkylamines Acetate salts of N-alkylamines Alkyl propylene Diamines Acetate salts
Cationic Armeens Crodamines Armacs Crodamacs Cationic Duomeens Dicrodamines Duomacs Dicrodamacs
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 <500 ppm
NR NR NR NR NA NR NA NR 35 35 40
199
NR NR NR NR NA 25 NA 25 65 65 70
NR NR NR NR NA 25 NA 25 65 65 70
NR NR NR NR NA 25 NA 25 80 80 90
Quaternary Cationic Arquads Ammonium salts Quadrilans Alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride) Dialkyl dimethyl Cationic ammonium chloride For Non Ionic see Surfactants in Section 1.12 Aliphatic sulphates and Sulphonates Anionic Teepol
40
50
45
65
70
70
90
If solvent used, max working temperature is of the solvent if below the temperature limit given
100
40
50
45
65
70
70
90
Plating solutions - explanatory notes

The following plating solutions have been used in Section 1.4. If the solutions to be used differ in composition then advice should be sought from our Technical Service Department.
HEAVY PLATE SOLUTION by weight Hydrochloric acid (conc) 7 Sulphuric Acid (conc) 24 Water 69
% % by weight % by weight
Gold Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium gold cyanide Sodium cyanide Water
22.8 0.2 0.8 76.2
Platinium Manufacturers recipe (Sulphatodinitritoplatinous acid)
PLATING SOLUTIONS Cadmium Cadmium oxide Sodium cyanide Caustic soda Water Chrome Chromic acid Sodium fluosilicate Sodium sulphate Water
3.2 9.5 1.2 86.1
Lead Lead Flourboric acid Boric acid Water Nickel Nickel sulphate Nickel chloride Boric acid Water
8.0 0.8 0.4 90.8
Silver Silver cyanide Potassium cyanide Potassium carbonate Sodium cyanide Water
18.5 0.62 0.01 80.87
11.3 1.4 1.1 86.2
18
VE67
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 50 50 50 50 70 100 3.9 6.5 1.6 4.5 83.5
198 /
272 /
600E
392
6 / VE 671
474P A
/ 600
197
PA 3
Crystic Resin
74
Scott Bader Composites Europe

HEAD OFFICE Scott Bader Company Limited Wollaston England Tel: +44 1933 663100 Fax: +44 1933 666139 email: composites@scottbader.com Scott Bader SA Amiens France Tel: +33 3 22 66 27 66 Fax: +33 3 22 66 27 80 email: composites@scottbader.fr Scott Bader Iberica Barcelona Spain Tel: +34 93 553 1162 Fax: +34 93 553 1163 email: composites@scottbader.es Scott Bader Germany Zur Drehscheibe 5 D - 92637 Weiden Germany Tel: +49 961 401 84474 Fax: +49 961 401 84476 email: composites@scottbader.de Scott Bader Ireland Dublin Ireland Tel: +353 1801 5660 Fax: +353 1801 5657 email: composites@scottbader.ie Scott Bader Scandinavia AB Falkenberg Sweden Tel: +46 346 10100 Fax: +46 346 59226 email: composites@scottbader.se Scott Bader Eastern Europe Liberec Czech Republic Tel: +420 48 5228 344/5111 255 Fax: +420 48 5228 345/5111 254 email: composites@scottbader.cz Scott Bader d.o.o. 10 000 Zagreb Zitnjak BB Croatia Tel: +385 1 240 6440 Fax: +385 1 240 4573 email: info@scottbader.hr
Scott Bader Group Companies

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Chem/Cont/Guide 05/08

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Corrosion Resistant Resins for Chemical Containment and Piping

Range and Specification

Typical GRP applications

Tanks by Burgalesa del Poliester made from Vinylester Crystic VE671

Typical chemical products handled

Benefits of using GRP

Pipes and pipe linings.

Crystic resins and gelcoats

Major GRP pipe applications

Trenchless pipe repairs with GRP liners

High performance corrosion resistant range

Cost-effective design information based on maximum operating temperatures

Background to the Maximum Operating Temperatures

Recommendations for chemical resistant laminates

Potable water, wine and foodstuffs

Variation of HDT of cast polyester resin with post-cure temperature

*Scott Bader post-cure 5 hours at 80oC followed by 3 hours at 120oC

120 110 100

Post-cure temperature (0C) Time at post-cure temperature (hr)

Guidelines for designing with k factors used in BS4994:1987

720C 770C 1100C 1100C

Crystic isophthalic polyester resins

750C 750C 840C 1300C

Crystic isophthalic-NPG* polyester resins

Crystic bisphenol polyester resin

Crystic epoxy-modified vinyl ester resins

1000C 950C 1300C

1.1 ACIDS (mineral)

Hydrofluoric acid1 Nitric acid1

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

Ammonia2 -aqueous solution

1.4 PLATING SOLUTIONS

80 80 25 90 90 90 80 90 NR 110 95 110 45 100 25 100 65 25

1.5 MISCELLANEOUS INORGANIC CHEMICALS

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

1.5 MISCELLANEOUS INORGANIC CHEMICALS (continued)

1.6 SALT SOLUTIONS

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

1.6 SALT SOLUTIONS (continued)

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

1.8 ORGANIC CHEMICALS ACIDS

Acetic acid1 - aqueous solution

100 SAT 25 50 100 Sat. 100 20 50 75 100

44 Sat. 100 Sat. Sat. 100 100 Sat. Sat. 25 50

1.9 ALCOHOLS / GLYCOLS

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

1.10 FOODSTUFFS / EDIBLE OILS

NA 110 NA NA NA 70 NA 100 NA NA 100 NR NA

1.11 FUELS / OILS

100 100 100 100 100 100

45 55 110 100 100 40 55 40 110 100

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

1.12 MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC CHEMICALS TO WHICH GRP IS RESISTANT

10 100 2 100 Sat.

(see section 1.14) up to maximum stable temperature 25 25 25 25 50 NA 40 70 NA 50 40 40 30 40 70 NA 65 110 NA 70 25 25 25 25 70 NA 35 70 NA 70 30 30 30 35 75 NA 50 85 NA 80 30 30 25 30 95 25 50 105 65 95 80 50 NA NA NA 40 70 NA 50 NA

(see section 1.15) 40 100 100 2 100 55 25 35 30 35 50 95 30 40 25 35 45 70 25 40 30 25 65 110 35 45 35 40 55 70 25 55 35 25 70 85 30 70 50 35 90 105 30 90 65 30 NA NA 40 80 65 NA

Barrier layer side is in contact with environment

1.13 MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC CHEMICALS TO WHICH GRP IS GENERALLY NOT RESISTANT

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100