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    Lecture 3

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    Agricultural and Rural Land Use Key Issue #3: where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries? mixed crop and livestock farming - most common form of agriculture in the United States west of the Appalachian and east of 98 degrees west - Much of Europe from France to Russia. Dairy Farms locate near large urban areas of the NE U.S., SE canada, and NW Europe - Also, South and East Asia - India - the largest producer of milk.

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    Lecture 3

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    Agricultural and Rural Land Use Key Issue #3: where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries? mixed crop and livestock farming - most common form of agriculture in the United States west of the Appalachian and east of 98 degrees west - Much of Europe from France to Russia. Dairy Farms locate near large urban areas of the NE U.S., SE canada, and NW Europe - Also, South and East Asia - India - the largest producer of milk.

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    Agricultural and Rural Land Use Key Issue #3: where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries? mixed crop and livestock farming - most common form of agriculture in the United States west of the Appalachian and east of 98 degrees west - Much of Europe from France to Russia. Dairy Farms locate near large urban areas of the NE U.S., SE canada, and NW Europe - Also, South and East Asia - India - the largest producer of milk.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    91 views30 pages

    Lecture 3

    Uploaded by

    api-94057686
    Agricultural and Rural Land Use Key Issue #3: where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries? mixed crop and livestock farming - most common form of agriculture in the United States west of the Appalachian and east of 98 degrees west - Much of Europe from France to Russia. Dairy Farms locate near large urban areas of the NE U.S., SE canada, and NW Europe - Also, South and East Asia - India - the largest producer of milk.

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    Agricultural and Rural Land Use

    Key Issue #3: Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

    Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming


    Where?
    Most common form of agriculture in the United States west of the Appalachian and east of 98 degrees west

    Much of Europe from France to Russia

    Characteristics of Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming


    The integration of crops and livestock Most crops are fed to animals Livestock provide manure of income comes from animal products (beef, milk, eggs, etc) The mix of crops and livestock reduces the variation in seasonal income

    Crop Rotation Systems


    Farms are divided into fields The crop planted on each rotates A year fallow

    Choice of Crops
    Corn The Corn Belt Soybeans

    Dairy Farming
    Where?
    The most important type of commercial farming near large urban areas of the NE U.S., SE Canada, and NW Europe Also, South and East Asia India the largest producer of milk

    Why Dairy Farms Locate Near Urban Areas


    Transportation factors milk is highly perishable! Milkshed

    Regional Differences in Dairy Products


    The farther the farm is from urban areas, the smaller is the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk New Zealand

    Problems for Dairy Farmers


    Declining revenues and rising costs Dairying is labor intensive Feeding the cows during winter = expensive

    Grain Farming
    Grain the seed from various grasses (wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, etc) Grains are primarily grown for human consumption Output is sold to food manufacturers The most important wheat The worlds leading export The worlds breadbasket

    Grain Farming Regions


    The U.S. is the largest commercial producer of grain A few other countries: Canada, Argentina, Australia, France and the U.K. Generally found in regions too dry for mixed crop and livestock agriculture

    The McCormick Reaper

    A Combine Machine

    Livestock Ranching
    Ranching is the commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area Semiarid or arid land Practiced in PEDs where vegetation is sparse and soil is bad

    Cattle Ranching in Popular U.S. Culture


    Beginning of U.S. cattle ranching:
    Columbus first brought cattle to America on his second trip Immigrants from Spain and Portugal began ranching in the Americas Cattle Ranching expanded in the 1860s

    Transporting cattle to market


    To reach cities: cowboys drove them over trails through Texas to the nearest railway They were transported to on cattle cars

    Fixed Location Ranching


    Cattle ranching declined in the 1880s The Code of the West Early cattle ranchers in the West owned little land, only cattle

    Range Wars
    The U.S. government owned most of the land that was used for grazing The government sold the land to farmers Barbed wire The farmers won the battle, and ranchers had to buy or lease land

    Changes in Cattle Breeding

    Hereford

    Longhorn

    Ranching Outside the U.S.


    Other PED regions Rare in Europe, except Spain and Portugal Argentina, Southern Brazil, and Uruguay The interior of Australia New Zealand, the Middle East, South Africa Ranching is part of the meat-processing industry

    Mediterranean Agriculture
    Climate prevailing winds provide moisture and moderate winter temperatures Land is very hilly A smaller percentage of income is derived from animal products than mixed use and livestock regions

    Mediterranean Climate Regions

    Mediterranean Crops
    Most are for human consumption Horticulture the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers Two most important cash crops olives and grapes

    Wine Production
    2/3 of the worlds wine production is in the areas surrounding the Mediterranean (France, Italy, Spain) The Remaining 1/3 produced in other Mediterranean climate regions (California, Chile, South Africa, and Australia)

    Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming


    Where?
    In the SE United States truck farming Apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce, mushrooms, and tomatoes

    Specialty Farming
    A form of truck farming spread to New England Profitably growing crops that have demand from affluent customers Asparagus, peppers, mushrooms, strawberries, etc

    Importance of Access to Markets


    Von Thnen Model helps to explain the importance of proximity to market and the choice of crops on commercial farms
    Johann Heinrich von Thnen, 1826, Germany Which crops? Which animals? The cost of land vs. the cost of transporting goods Farms close to market tend to have products that are expensive to transport Farms further from the market have products that are cheaper to transport

    Von Thnen Model

    Application of Von Thnen Model


    Based on experiences in the early 19th Century First ring outside of city market oriented gardens and milk producers Second timber Next various crops Last land for grazing Other factors a river or other transportation can change the model

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