A BR - A BR - H: Acids and Bases
A BR - A BR - H: Acids and Bases
A BR - A BR - H: Acids and Bases
Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A Brnsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor. A Brnsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor. H+ = proton
It is generally more convenient when describing acid strength to use pKa values than Ka values.
Size, and not electronegativity, determines acidity down a column. The acidity of HA increases both left-to-right across a row and down a column of the periodic table. Although four factors determine the overall acidity of a particular hydrogen atom, element effectsthe identity of Ais the single most important factor in determining the acidity of the HA bond.
When the conjugate bases of the two species are compared, it is evident that the conjugate base of acetic acid enjoys resonance stabilization, whereas that of ethanol does not.
The higher the percent of s-character of the hybrid orbital, the closer the lone pair is held to the nucleus, and the more stable the conjugate base.
10
11
12
13
electrophile
nucleophile
14
15
16