Light Worksheet

9
Name:
Light
TUTORIAL A
Visible light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes can detect.
Most of the electromagnetic spectrum is our invisible. eyes . The only part is of it that
Light travels at diamond, and It ( travels
km/s through km/s through glass km/s through a water. vacuum
can
detect can
called
visible through
Light
travel
fastest
through
empty space; it doesnt need a medium (material) to travel through.
km/s), and nothing can travel
faster than that.
Light is made up of waves that do not need a (material) to travel
Nothing can travel faster than through a , . however, Other slow transparent light down.
through. It can also pass through any medium that is transparent (that we
An interface is a boundary between two different media.
can see through). Its speed, however, is then reduced. In a vacuum, light
travels at 300 000 km/s, but it slows down to 226 000 km/s in water and
When a light ray reaches a boundary between two different media (an
200 000 km/s in glass. When it passes through a crystal of diamond, it slows down to 125 000 km/s. This ability to slow the passage of light is what makes diamonds sparkle.
), it does not just stop. If both media are transparent and if the light strikes at any angle other than 90, the light ray changes direction (it is
refracted). Some transparent materials refract light more than others, because
A medium that we can see through is described sparkles as most through the . Light
they slow it down more.
gemstone down
When light travels from one transparent medium to a different one, it is ),
, because it the speed of light so much.
refracted (it changes
Copyright 2009 McGraw-Hill Australia. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
33
Light
provided that the angle it strikes is not . The materials that slow light down the most it the most.
10
So than light
sapphire water
refracts and air
light water does. refracts Materials
does than
The refracting property of a material can be measured and is called its refractive index (RI).
with this ability to refract light are used to make a variety of objects, including stones and lenses. Different
colours are refracted differently. Violet is refracted most and red is refracted least.
11
Because
different to
colours different of can its
are extents,
triangular (a out
block prism) into
transparent separate of
material
A convex lens refracts light so that all the rays are focused onto a point.
white
light
spectrum
component colours (all the colours of the rainbow).
12
Within
the
white
light
spectrum,
the
colour that is refracted most is and is the . one that is refracted least
TUTORIAL B
A concave lens refracts light so that the rays spread out.
When white light splits into its component colours, this is called dispersion.
So
the
material index is 2.4. blue
with is That
the
highest .
refractive Its a value sparkly
13
. or even of the A
is
the
splitting
of
sapphire, is 1.8.
of white light into all the colours of the triangular curved in surface the air of can
gemstone,
Water is 1.3 and air is just a tiny bit above 1.0.
droplets cause
water rays to
light
disperse.
Lenses objects
An
RI
( would mean that, in
of air,
1.0 the
are that
curved, cause
transparent parallel rays to
exactly
come
material would hardly (change the direction of) light at all.
together so that they are focused onto one point.
34
Light
14
A device that causes light rays to be focused onto a point is a . It
19
The reason that we cant see around , why objects form light travels in
is used in microscopes, telescopes and spectacles.
block light and why behind them is that
lines. When, however, light or
15
, are
telescopes all devices
and that
any other wave passes by the edge of an opaque object, or when it passes through a narrow opening, like a pinhole or a
make use of lenses, which light an onto opaque a point. material it is If light it strikes cannot (it
narrow slit, it is modified. It spreads out in ripplesit is diffracted.
(one
penetrate),
either
reflected
bounces off) or absorbed.
16
Light
cannot
penetrate the
an light ) bounces or the
material. off (it is
Either
material energy heat. reflect into Shiny, most
it and changes its another form, usually materials
light-coloured light. Dull,
dark-coloured
Waves are diffracted when they pass through a small gap.
materials absorb most light.
17
So white materials reflect than black ones, and
light
polished, mirror light than
20
When light spreads out in ripples as it passes by the material or through a , it is an interaction between the lines light normally travels in and objects in its path. All colours (wavelengths) of light are diffracted. of an opaque hole or narrow . Diffraction is
surfaces
reflect
matt or rough ones. Translucent objects are somewhere between transparent through) and does
(the ones we can opaque (the ones
not penetrate). Light is diffused by a translucent material so that our view
through it is blurred.
21 18
Materials that we can see through a little, but not clearly, are .
Different colours have different wave. colours of An light object except absorbs for its all own
Light travels in straight lines. So we cant see around corners. Light can be blocked by opaque objects, and it throws shadows behind them.
colour. Red paint will absorb all colours of light except red. If an object absorbs all colours it will appear black, but if it reflects all colours it will be white.
35
Light
22
White
results
from
all
colours
of ,
the and
24
So the colour cyan can be made by mixing light with results from mixing light. Magenta light with
spectrum black
being from There all colours are 3
results .
being
primary
light. Yellow results from mixing light with light.
colours of light: red, blue and green. Secondary (complementary) colours are produced by mixing these.
25
White
is
made
by
mixing
the ,
three
primary colours of light,
23
All possible colours can be made by mixing the primary colours of light.
and from
. All possible colours come mixing the primary colours in
Blue plus green gives cyan. Red plus blue gives magenta. Green plus red gives yellow. Blue plus red plus green gives white.
different proportions.
TEST YOURSELF
Match up the term to the closest description and write it in. light 300 000 km/s diamond sapphire diffraction dispersion refraction black white opaque translucent transparent 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. when light spreads out in ripples as it passes an edge when white light splits into its component colours allowing light to pass through, but not clearly enough to see changing the direction of light at an interface able to be seen through not allowing light to pass through the speed of light through a vacuum the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum a sparkly blue gemstone
10. the sparkly gemstone that refracts light the most 11. resulting from the complete absorption of light 12. resulting from the complete reflection of light
36
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9

Light travels at diamond, and It ( travels

km/s through km/s through glass km/s through a water. vacuum

empty space; it doesnt need a medium (material) to travel through.

km/s), and nothing can travel

faster than that.

Light is made up of waves that do not need a (material) to travel

An interface is a boundary between two different media.

they slow it down more.

When light travels from one transparent medium to a different one, it is ),

, because it the speed of light so much.

refracted (it changes

refracts and air

light water does. refracts Materials

colours different of can its

block prism) into

component colours (all the colours of the rainbow).

material index is 2.4. blue

refractive Its a value sparkly

Water is 1.3 and air is just a tiny bit above 1.0.

( would mean that, in

transparent parallel rays to

material would hardly (change the direction of) light at all.

together so that they are focused onto one point.

A device that causes light rays to be focused onto a point is a . It

is used in microscopes, telescopes and spectacles.

block light and why behind them is that

lines. When, however, light or

telescopes all devices

narrow slit, it is modified. It spreads out in ripplesit is diffracted.

bounces off) or absorbed.

an light ) bounces or the

material. off (it is

material energy heat. reflect into Shiny, most

it and changes its another form, usually materials

light-coloured light. Dull,

materials absorb most light.

So white materials reflect than black ones, and

polished, mirror light than

(the ones we can opaque (the ones

not penetrate). Light is diffused by a translucent material so that our view

being from There all colours are 3

light. Yellow results from mixing light with light.

primary colours of light,

. All possible colours come mixing the primary colours in

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