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    Bharata The Language of The Harappans

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    Vijaya Bhaarati
    For over a century scholars have debated over the writing in the Indus script. Who were the people and what they wrote in the seals? Though archaeology established the continuity in the Indian culture and civilization, because no horse was found there, scholars argued it is Dravidian .Some scholars concluded there is no writing at all ! Finally here is the unequivocal truth . The mistaken asva(horse) is identified correctly . The relation of the culture to the Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian and Semitic cultures is put in a new perspective. The existence of Dravidian Brahui in the Indus valley is also explained satisfactorily in relation to proper history. And the Indus Valley Civilization is established as the Bharata civilization. A must-read for anybody interested in the proper history of India and the world

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    Bharata The Language of The Harappans

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    Vijaya Bhaarati
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    For over a century scholars have debated over the writing in the Indus script. Who were the people and what they wrote in the seals? Though archaeology established the continuity in the Indian culture and civilization, because no horse was found there, scholars argued it is Dravidian .Some scholars concluded there is no writing at all ! Finally here is the unequivocal truth . The mistaken asva(horse) is identified correctly . The relation of the culture to the Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian and Semitic cultures is put in a new perspective. The existence of Dravidian Brahui in the Indus valley is also explained satisfactorily in relation to proper history. And the Indus Valley Civilization is established as the Bharata civilization. A must-read for anybody interested in the proper history of India and the world

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    For over a century scholars have debated over the writing in the Indus script. Who were the people and what they wrote in the seals? Though archaeology established the continuity in the Indian culture and civilization, because no horse was found there, scholars argued it is Dravidian .Some scholars concluded there is no writing at all ! Finally here is the unequivocal truth . The mistaken asva(horse) is identified correctly . The relation of the culture to the Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian and Semitic cultures is put in a new perspective. The existence of Dravidian Brahui in the Indus valley is also explained satisfactorily in relation to proper history. And the Indus Valley Civilization is established as the Bharata civilization. A must-read for anybody interested in the proper history of India and the world

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    4K views314 pages

    Bharata The Language of The Harappans

    Uploaded by

    Vijaya Bhaarati
    For over a century scholars have debated over the writing in the Indus script. Who were the people and what they wrote in the seals? Though archaeology established the continuity in the Indian culture and civilization, because no horse was found there, scholars argued it is Dravidian .Some scholars concluded there is no writing at all ! Finally here is the unequivocal truth . The mistaken asva(horse) is identified correctly . The relation of the culture to the Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian and Semitic cultures is put in a new perspective. The existence of Dravidian Brahui in the Indus valley is also explained satisfactorily in relation to proper history. And the Indus Valley Civilization is established as the Bharata civilization. A must-read for anybody interested in the proper history of India and the world

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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 314

    BHARATA

    THE LANGUAGE OF THE HARAPPANS

    THE GOLDEN KEY TO THE SECRETS

    OF ANCIENT MYSTICISM,OCCULTISM

    AND RELIGIOUS RITUALS

    VIJAYABHAARATI
    © Vijayabhaarati

    November 2008

    A HARAPPAN DOOR
    THE KEY IS HERE.

    ANYBODY CAN OPEN AND ENTER.


    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    I am greatly indebted to many researchers in this field without whose

    work this paper would not have been possible.The sources for this paper

    is shown in the reference list. I gratefully acknowledge my thankfulness

    to the authors and their publishers.

    Vijaya Bhaarati
    CONTENTS
    1.REFERENCES PAGE 5…. 6

    2. THE CREATORS PAGE 7 ..... 21

    3. A FEW WORDS OF BHARATA PAGE 22.... 76

    4.THE SUMERIANS AND THE BHARATS PAGE 77... 84

    5. THE EGYPTIANS AND THE BHARATS PAGE 85 ... 95

    6.THE TODA LANGUAGE AND BHARATA PAGE 96... 107

    7. HEBREW AND BHARATA PAGE 108... 115

    8.THE LIFE OF THE HARAPPANS PAGE 116 …124

    9.THE INDUS SCRIPT. PAGE 125 ....311


    1. References
    1. Deciphering the Indus script (DTIS). Asko Parpola. 1994. Cambridge University

    Press; Cambridge

    2. The Indus script: texts,concordance and tables(ITCT).Iravatham

    Mahadevan.1977.ASI,New Delhi.

    3. An Introduction to Indus writing (AIIW). Bryan wells. The University of Calgary .

    1998. Canada.

    4. Sumer. Wikipedia 15.2.2008(SWP).

    5. Ancient Egypt – Myth and History (AEMH). Geddes and Grosset Ltd. 1997. New

    Lanark. Scotland.

    6. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian (ACDME). Raymond O Faulkner .1991.

    Griffith Institute. Oxford.

    7. The Hebrew – Greek Key Word Study Bible. 1996. AMG International Inc. U.S.A.

    8. Sanskrit - English Dictionary. Sir Monier Monier Williams. 1999. Munshiram

    Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

    9. Sanskrit – Malayalam Dictionary. Kanippayyuur Sankaran Naambootirippaatu. 1996.

    Pancaangam Pustaka Saala, Kunnamkulam, Kerala.

    10. Sabdataaraavali. Sriikantesvaram G. Padmanaabha Pilla .April 2000. National Book

    stall , Kottayam, Kerala.

    11. Puraanic Encyclopedia (PEP). Vettam Maani. 1991. Current books, Kottayam.

    Kerala.
    12. The Rigveda (RV). OMC Narayanan Nambotirippatu. 1995. D. C. Books .Kottayam.

    Kerala.

    13. The Vedic people (VP). Their History and Geography: Rajesh Kochhar. 2000. Orient

    Longman. Hyderabad. India.

    14. A Phrenologist Amongst The Todas (APATD). William E. Marshall. 1995. Asian

    Educational Services. New Delhi.

    15. Iythareya Brahmanam(IB) .V.Balakrishnan,Dr.R.Leela Devi . 1992 .The Vidyarthi

    Mithram Book Depot,Kottayam,Kerala.

    16.Life In Ancient India In The Age of The Mantras : P.T.Srinivas Iyengar .Asian

    Educational Services-1991

    17.The Horse. Wikipedia. 13.03.2008

    18.The Scope and Significance of Sumerian Mythology.

    Wikipedia .15.02.2008

    19.www.mohenjodaro.net/17.2.2008(WMN)

    20.www.harappa.com/indus2/index.html17.2.2008(WHCOM)

    21.www.harappa.com/indus/indus1.html17.2.2008(WHCOM)

    22.http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Witzel17.2.2008(WPWMW)

    23.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/indus_valley_civilization17.02.2008(WPWIVC)
    2. THE CREATORS

    Who were the people behind the Indus civilisastion? Archaeologists have clearly

    established that this civilization had a continuous history from Mehergarh to the present

    day.

    Indus tradition

    J.M. Kenoyer’s classification of Bharata History

    Early food producing Era ca 6500 – 5000 BC

    Regionalization Era ca 5000 – 2600 BC

    Indus Civilization-

    Harappan culture 2600 – 1900 BC

    Integration Era

    Late Harappan period 1900 – 1300 or 1000 BC

    Post Indus Tradition

    Painted Grey Ware 1200-800BC

    Northern Black 800-300BC

    Polished Ware

    Early Historic Period ca. 600BC

    Let us quote him further, “Through the process of over expansion and changes in

    important river patterns, the Harappan urban centres began to decline around 1900 BCE
    and the unifying cultural symbols of the cities were no longer useful.Some of the

    technologies, architecture, artistic symbols and aspects of social

    organization that characterized the first urban centers of the Indus

    Civilization have continued upto the present in the urban setting of

    traditional South Asian Cities……..

    One of the major misconceptions is that invasions of so-called Aryans

    destroyed the Indus cities and established a totally new culture language in the sub-

    continent. It should be noted that most scholars have rejected the invasion hypothesis for

    the end of the Indus cities because there is no archaeological, biological or

    literary reference to support this theory.

    Although earlier scholars thought that the Indus civilization

    disappeared around 1700BC,recent excavations in Pakistan and western

    India indicate that the civilization gradually became fragmented into

    smaller regional cultures referred to as Late or Post-Harappan cultures.

    Around 1700 BC the tributaries of the Hakra-Nara river became diverted to

    the Indus system in the west and the Jamuna river to the east. As the river dried up

    people migrated to the Central Indus Valley, the Ganga-Yamuna valley or the fertile

    plains of Gujarat in western India. The Indus River itself began to change its course,

    resulting in destructive floods. Certain distinguishing hallmarks of the Indus civilization

    disappeared.
    Others, such as writing and weights, or aspects of Indus craft technology, art,

    agriculture and possibly social organization, continued among the Late and Post –

    Harappan cultures.

    These cultural traditions eventually became incorporated in the new

    urban civilization that arose during the Early Historical period, around

    600 BC……”.

    We have now heard this from the horse’s mouth since the misconception of the

    mythical horse like that of the foreign invasion theory has led astray the

    Indus research programmes and made it almost impossible for us to

    understand the culture and the language of the Harappan Bharats in

    the right perspective. The Indus- Sarasvati Civilization belonged to the

    Indo-Aryans and it is the same Vedic Civilization. The language

    employed in the seals is Vedic Bharata. They worshipped the Sun-god by all

    names and sounds ( the Word was God principle ) like Agna,Indra,Mitra,Varuna,

    bhadraasva(Unicorn), bhadraa(a cow) and again into a bhadra

    (an elephant). The bull was made a horse, a cow and an elephant.

    Under the influence of migrating and conquering peoples like the Dravidians ,the

    Greeks etc. the Hindus departed from the early Indus way of life by developing new gods

    like Krishna,Raama,Siva etc., the introduction of the cremation of the dead and later the
    development of the fixed stellar zodiac which has now become irrelevant in religious

    rituals.

    However in portraying the deities and making articles the same old traditions is

    continued even today. In the Indus age a paatra used to be decorated with patra and

    bhadra symbols. Now we portray Krishna along with a pasu (a cow) to show bhaasu (the

    Sun) or Vaasu (Vishnu). He is painted niila (blue) or Krishna (black) to show siira (srii-

    the Sun).He wears a piita(yellow) dress to show he is piitha (the Sun). He has a cakra to

    make him sa-kara (with rays) or Sakra (Indra) and he carries a murali (a flute) to

    announce pulari (dawn, the Sun). He carries a gada (a club) to show kaasa (light) and

    daaha (burning, heat). His crest has a barha(peacock-tail) to show barhi (light, fire) and

    barhishkesa(fire).

    In creating Ganesa out of Agnesa the uni(agni)-horned bhadraasva (ra-usra

    ->Unicorn bull->rudra) was made a uni(agni)-tusked bhadra naaga (an elephant) and

    Ganesa is often figured out of patras (leaves) to show that he is bhadra (an elephant) and

    bharata (fire). Like the bhadraasva he too has a single tusk (Unicorn) and he has a kara ( a

    trunk ) to show kara (ray) of the Sun god and hara(fire).

    In art the same technique of homophony or rebus phrasing is used to

    create art works on borders, walls, doors , windows, pots , utensils, dress materials, bed

    spreads, curtains etc. even today.

    We can locate a paatra or patra (a plant) hung at an entrance to a house to bring

    bhadra (happiness, prosperity, auspiciousness). Even a bhadra ( a stone,a white stone

    usually ) or a sila (a rock, Jina- the Sun) may be hung to achieve the same end.
    The kola(go-la;usha,hvaana,loka,suna,suura) drawing is continued even

    today.(But the influence of the Greeks, the Muslims and the British people and the

    teachings of Buddhism and Jainism have caused considerable regional variations in the

    ritual observations among the people of India,especially between the North and the

    South.The South remained practically insulated from the invaders of the north and hence

    their culture continued as such) .

    A building under construction may have a dangling doll at its crest to avoid drishtidosha

    (evil eye) and thereby srishtidosha ( construction defects).

    Festivals like Durgaa puuja, Sarasvatipuuja, Deepaavali etc. are celebrated based on the

    same solar principle.

    The Hindus still continue to worship the Fig tree and the Bilva .Food habits and

    agricultural pattern of the people also remain largely the same. Wheat, rice and cotton

    are still the major crops.

    ‘Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. As men moved

    eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. They said to each other, “come

    let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly… let us build ourselves a city, with a tower

    that reaches to the heavens”<<Genesis: 11.1-4 .>>

    This world language was Bharata and the Bharats were experts in making and baking

    bricks as we have seen already.

    A study of Sumerian , Egyptian ,Akkadian ,Hebrew and Toda languages might reveal

    the status of Bharata as an international language as there are

    plenty of Bharata words in these languages.


    One of the main reasons for the disintegration of the Indus civilization was the failure of

    the Mesopotamian economies around 2000BCE due to the severe droughts which in turn

    disrupted the Indus trade systems and languished the Indus economy also.Adding further

    woes to the ailing economy was the influx of millions of the Mesopotamian(Dravidian)

    immigrant people in waves of several thousands at the beginning of the second

    Milleniunm BCE. These migrating huge crowds ruined the administration systems and

    devasted the state like swarms of locusts.Political and economic anarchy began to prevail

    in the Indus Valley as a direct consequence of this.

    A DOOR

    Traditional Indian carpenters inscribe the word pravesa(dvaara)

    on the door panels. This is achieved as follows:

    pravesa  prakaasa ( light ), prabhaata ( dawn ),bhaarata,dvaara, svarga(the sky),

    para ( srii ) – vesa ( entry )

    pa ra(la) pa(va)

    sa(da)

    dvaara- pravesa(writing on a door- panel)

    A pravesa is the vadana(face).See the eyes ,the nose and the mouth in the door frame.

    A WELL
    The wells of Harappa were made with wedge shaped bricks to make a strong circular

    structure. An oval well is located in room 19 northeast of the Great Bath. Wells were

    usually situated inside private buildings, but public wells were also made along the main

    street.

    One unique well in lower town of Mohenjo-daro had a PIPAL-LEAF shape.

    This well is a strong external evidence to understand the nature of the language of

    Harappa. Wells are usually made circular to cover maximum volume in minimum area.

    There is another purpose for the circular shape. It is a writing:

    bhadra - drava (water) –sara(water)

    bhadra (a circle) - - well (bhadra = water. Refer seal K-40)

    Thus bhadra (circle) = bha(wa)- dra(ter) or pa(va-water)-dhara(bearing) like a paatra.

    The writing indicates that the content of the well is water.

    Now bhadra (a circle) is also patra (a leaf) and paatra(a vessel). Patra pa(water;to

    protect)-traa (protect), dhara (bear). This explains why the well had the shape of the

    PIPAL-LEAF. Patra being bhadra, this might also indicate that the well belonged to the

    king (Bhadra) or to an institution or a person of godly stature.Asvattha (Fig tree) is

    avasa(king) of ta(tree,sha-man) and tapasa (the Sun).Hence to indicate the king(bhadra)

    the shape of the leaf(patra) of the king of trees was chosen.A vriksha(tree) is purusha(a

    man),vrisha(a bull ,note the Bata –bull story in Egyptian mythology),

    prakaasa(light) etc.

    The Great Bath


    The Great Bath is situated along a north –south Street

    with a drain covered with lime stone blocks. Close to the bath is a large building complex

    containing around 78 rooms and passage ways, but no well. Probably this was a mutt

    (residence of priests).The Hindu temples are usually associated with baths even today for

    the devotees to perform<<kuliccu tozhu>>(venerating god after bathing).Tozhu is in fact

    totu-touch-and dars-sight.In the ancient civilizations the devotees had to bathe and purify

    themselves before they went to the Priest King (son of Ra,son of god) and touched the

    feet while he blessed them laying his hands on their heads.

    The Great Bath is described in the New Testament as Bethesda (John: 5.2) and

    Bethsida(Mark: 8.22) where Jesus worked miracles of healing the blind,the lame and the

    disabled. The pool was located near the Sheep Gate.The sheep gate is Aries and Bethsida

    is Pisces.At dawn the blind get sight (andhakaara – darkness – makes everybody andha or

    blind) and the disabled (the people who were asleep) begin to walk.Where does Bethesda

    come from? Refer script M-262.Viij is to sprinkle water.Vetasa is fire born of water.Matsa

    is Pisces.It is in Pisces that fire is born of water and dawning takes place. Hence the

    Brahmins used to worship the fire in the water with the Gaayatri mantra in the Braahma

    muhuurta so that the Sun could be made to rise! Sarasvati is saras(a pool,head)-paci(fire)

    and represents the Pisces positon of the diurnal Sun.Probably rituals were conducted in

    the pool to worship Sarasvati ,Savitri or Gaayatri.Actually the Sun by himself is always

    the fire in a pool of water as light is considered as water.At the equinoxes(especially at

    the autumnal equinox) probably the Bethesda (vetasa –viijita – sprinkled) healing

    ceremony used to be performed at the pool “when the water is stirred” by the angel of

    god(the equinoctial Sun).Another indication is of the saavitra (sacred thread wearing-


    baptism-jnaanasnaana-snaanajnaana-knowledge of bathing) ceremony. “When all the

    people were being baptized Jesus was baptized too”<<Luke :3.21>> Saavitra(sava-

    kara=bathing) is sa(god) – avi (sheep-Aries)-tara(crossing,fire;jala -water). Sava is the

    Sun and water.Saavitra is sava-jala(sunshine) and pavitra(sacred thread,water)also.The

    Sraavana Dhanishta ceremony of the Brahmins were probably celebrated in this bath.The

    priest king was the god father and the god teacher.The provision of broad passages

    around the bath with steps for entry into the pool of water indicates these.The special

    ceremonial oil baths( the oil ensures a total removal of dirt which signify darkness) taken

    on Deepavali day is also perhaps a continuation of this rite.The Egyptians too followed

    this rite.

    BHARATA

    Bharata has dictionary meanings as fire, a weaver, a potter, a priest ( hence a priest

    is called father),a servant, an actor, a dancer, a hireling, mercenary, a barbarian , the fire

    in which the rice for the Brahmins is boiled , Rudra, a monarch of India (son of

    Dushyanta and Sakuntala), a son of Dasaratha(srashtaa=Brahma) and Kaikeyi(Visaakha),

    a tribe etc.

    ( The Harappans were fire worshippers as seen from the fire vedis present even

    now.The seals employ fire,potter, and weaver symbols profusely).


    Now look at the following words derived from Bharata.

    bharata  word, bhadra (a king,a bull,auspiciousness), dvaara

    (a door), varsha (rain, a year),raaja(a king)

    vrisha( a bull), praata(dawn),vaasara(day),patra(alphabet)

    paatra (a vessel), varada (a giver of boons), sarpa (a snake),

    darbha (kusa grass), praja (a child); para (god) – ja(light);

    paartha (a king), drava (water, a fish), Bhaarata

    (India), vajra(a diamond, a weapon of Indra), pajra (a rich

    man), padra (a village), pattana(a town),

    pa (a leaf) – sara ( an arrow); bharatha(fire, a king);

    bhara (pa,to rule) – tha (to protect);bhaa(light)-ratha(a

    chariot); pa(water,rule)-dhara(bearer= );

    bhaaratii(speech,Sarasvati –Bharata was the language of the

    Bharats),Srava(an ear, veda,hearing),adhara(lips),svara(sound),

    Peter(a disciple of Jesus).

    Bhadra (a bull) is dvaara (a door cf.bull mark on door). Praata (dawn) is

    prabhaata (dawn), prakaasa (light) and pravesa (a door, entry). Bhaarata

    varsha isAaryaavarta(India) and Bhadra

    purusha(Vrisha,Vrishaa) also.

    A vastra (dress) or agra (border) is usually marked with patra (a

    leaf), bhadra (a bull, an elephant, a mountain, a flower, a wheel,

    an endless knot etc.) to worship bharata by name.Bha-rata being

    ratha and agna being asva, the asva ratha was ushered in to
    bring the deities to the sacrificial fire.

    The Bharata script is made up of bhadras(words,pictures) ,each

    bhadra forming a word and an alphabet.It is written usually from

    right to left (and rarely from left to right),but is to be read

    bothways in the style of reading of the vedic hymns.

    Bha(a)-ra(ra)-ta(ya) became aarya later. Bharata varsha(India)

    is Aaryaavarta hence.

    (Unicorn bull,nara)

    Bharadvaaja : bearing speed or strength (of flight), name of a Rishi,

    purohita of Diva – daasa(=deva-udaya =sunrise,

    divaraaja=lord of day=the Sun,diva-jaata=born from

    heaven.Hence he was the priest of the Sun god. This

    shows the divine descent or priest as king

    and god concept) , agni, the family of the Bharadvaajas.

    They were vaca(vaaja) bhadras.They were

    purohitas(=guru-teacher,iisa-lord,king,god).

    Bharadvaaja  bharata(a priest, fire), Bhaarata – ogha

    (stream, flood, flock), vaasa (vis-house),vaaha(a vehicle,

    horse, hand , bull, flow), vaha (a horse, river, bearer ),

    upaasa (worship),vaca(word,speech), vaac (speech, voice,


    language,sound),vaacaa(word,vedic study)

    Bharata (fire) – upaasa (worshipper) is Bharadvaaja;

    They are the people who reside (vas) in Bharata( Bhaarata)

    and speak the Bharata (Bharad) language. Bharata

    evolved into Bhaasha(by Paanini’s time) and Sanskrit later.

    Bharadvaaja also implies bhadra (great) – vaada (speech, debate), vaata

    (wind), deva (god=purohita); Bhaarata –varsha (India) etc.

    Bharadvaaja  bhadra (a bull) – vaaja (asva – a horse, food,

    sound, strength, energy, wing, water,sacrificial food),

    vaca(word,speech,the Sun), pada(word,foot,ray),

    bhaasha(speech), bhadraasva( Unicorn);

    bhadra (great) – vaaha (hand);bhadradvaya(two circles,two

    bulls,two leaves); bhadra(great,king)-dvija(Brahmin)->

    priestking(cf.DK1909);

    Drona -the son of Bharadvaaja and guru of the Kurus.

    Udaya(sunrise) is ubhaya(two).Hence the Asvins are two and

    Yama(two) is the deity of Bharani(the asterism from which

    the Sun rises).Bharadvaaja being bhadra -dvaya a pair of

    bulls or elephants= bhadra), horses(bhadra), birds(patera),

    flowers(patra, puushaa), circles(bhadra),

    arrows(astra,patra) etc. make auspicious symbols.

    A human figure holding two circles(pa-dhara) is a Bharadvaaja

    equivalent of agni(man)- na(two,we)- bhadra : let agni bless


    us!

    Unicorn – Bharadvaaja emblem = ra-vi = bhadraasva =ra-aja(king)

    The Unicorn is the emblem of the Bhardvaaja clan and of fire(bharata-

    agna).

    The single horn is bharata(ra-vetra –agni) and its aja-va(ram-

    like;asva –horse,usra-bull) body make it bhadraasva(ra-usra=rudra) and

    the emblem of the Bharadvaajas. A bhadra is even otherwise bharata. The

    Unicorn is accompanied by a bharata(vedi,king) script( ) or an

    arani(bharata=drona=Drona;ni-ra-pa=king) figure also.

    The fish symbol and the door symbol also represent them. The

    priest king was a Bharadvaaja (Bhadra deva).

    Bharadvaaja  bhadra (auspicious,opening,a king,a priest) –

    vaac (speech), vaca(speech,the Sun)

    It is an opening or inaugural address or a king’s order or emblem.

    Bharadvaaja Rigveda, prakaasa(light)

    A Bharadvaaja is a vaagmi (eloquent, loquacious, speaking much).

    Bharata(bhadra,word) by itself is agni (fire).Rigveda is said to be born

    from agni. Agni is vaagmi. Vaagmi is Vaalmiiki. Thus the oldest book
    of the Rigveda (Bharadvaaja Samhita) and the Aadikaavya (the first

    poem- the Raamaayana) have a similarity in the name of the authors.

    Bharadvaaja  harateja (light of Siva), pradesa (a place),

    pravesa (a door=matsa=Pisces), pradosha (evening cf. Pilate),prabhaata

    (praata=dawn), prakaasa (light).

    It is the practice in vaastu to allot the kannimuula (the sign of Virgo, the

    angle of southwest) to the oldest person (or head) of a house. This is the

    place of the setting Sun.The rising Sun is a child like Kaartikeya and the

    setting Sun is a parent. The books of the Rigveda were also arranged in

    the same fashion by the editors so that the oldest book was given the sixth

    position.

    The Bharadvaajas were the people behind the Harappan writings.

    Bharadvaaja  Bharata  Bhaarata->Harappa  Hariuupia(the place of

    the Bharadvaajas who composed Rigveda VI )

    Hariuupia (Rig veda – V1.27.5)  Hari (srii – fire, the Sun) –

    piiyu (time, the Sun, fire, destroyer, enemy ), uupia(yopana -

    destruction),upaya ( to come up), sobhana( splendour), ubhaya(two),

    suurya (the Sun)

    Hariuupia is thus Harappa and Kurukshetra.Mohenjodaro

    as mount of the dead is alsoBharata as Bharata(praata) is

    pareta(the dead) and preta ( dead body).

    Bharadvaaja  para (god), vara (great) – dvija (a Brahmin),

    satva (body), dhvaja (a flag);bhaja(vaca-Fig),deva (god)-


    daaru(tree)

    Vapra (a father,wall,door of a fort, Prajaapati), vipra (a

    Brahmin, a Fig tree)- desa (place), daasa (a servant), raaja (a

    king), jaata (born, a son); vana (a tree) – vasatha (a house); vriksha (a

    tree), darbha (kusa), vaasa (dress, a house) ; bhadra (a bull, a wheel) –

    paada (foot).

    Note the circle of bricks which might have been the site of of

    a sacred tree in the lower courtyard of House I (the palace of a

    Bharadvaaja priest-the priestking), HR area.(1)

    The sacred tree at once points to the fact that the priest king

    belonged to the Bharadvaaja clan. The Fig tree and the

    Sakrapaadapa represent them.

    A hoofed leg (of deity) or a wheeled leg also indicate

    Bharadvaaja(purohita) and his bhadraasana.

    Bhaadrapada (the month of PraushThapada or ProshThapada from

    proshtha-a bull,a stool or chair;pada-a foot) is the sixth lunar month

    orrespondingto Virgo,like the sixth book of the Rig veda,representing

    Bharadvaaja(pradosha).
    3. A FEW WORDS OF BHARATA
    A

    In the following list the normal meanings of the words are given first followed by the

    derived words and their meanings.

    A : not, similar to

    A : Vishnu (the Sun),Brahma,Siva,Paarvati,Kaamadeva, a

    tortoise(Malayalam), courtyard, war, harem,graveness or

    seriousness, cause, ornament, foot, bowstring,the sea.

    The English A is a bow .

    Look at the human ligature. It has three parts as follows.

    O (N)
    + (K)

    A (A)

    From this we have Agna (man, fire).

    . Let us take another example, a bull ligature and a

    chair (srii;aasana-seat) ligature.

    U(=V=horn=what is above is u.What is below is i or ya) k(body); sha(Ta = tail) ; aa(leg)

    sa(seat=horizontal plane) ;na(vertical plane = wall)

    AA

    aa : A cow, buffalo, aakaasa (ananta-the sky), memory,compassion, uniting,

    doubt, magnitude, difference, agreement, Siva, Brahma, Lakshmi,anger, pain, contest, near

    to,indifference,border

    i : to go, walk, to flow, to blow, to escape, to arise,

    from, to come back again, return, to succeed, to reach, to

    appear

    i - ra (to go), ri (to sound, to go, to kill)


    II

    ii : to go, to throw, to eat, anger, sorrow, pain,Kaamadeva, Srii

    (Lakshmi)devi, wings, fly,rati(sex)

    u: to call to , to roar; Siva, Moon , tapas (penance),a wave

    u- o(calling,Brahma),ka (head,fire,light),

    ra(fire), pa(water,egg,leaf), va(hand,Varuna,water,like)

    The Tamils usually begin their writing with U as it is srii or ka(AUM)

    itself.Sound is produced with the horn(AUM). The horn symbol U

    is the Moon symbol(the waxing crescent horn) and hence represents U.

    The horn is used to split (drii) and hence it is srii(usra).

    Udaya(sunrise) is u(call,srii) –daaya(cleaving,taya) also.Srii-taya is

    Kritika and Kaartikeya ≡ ≡ ≡ ≡

    ie.saara (raaja)- srii ≡ usha≡aja≡sa ≡ ukha. is a bird(Isis, Aja –Gaayatri ),

    ram(in fire for sacrifice or man on the yuupa or cross) , jar(placed on

    fire),naava(boat),naasa(nose,lord,end) etc.

    U-----ka(the head = ukha),va(Varuna,a hand,a tiger,water), ra(fire),ca(the

    Moon),pa(an egg,water,leaf),ma(the Moon),ha(the Moon,water,Siva).Hence a

    cashaka (cup) can become ushas(dawn) and aja(a ram).Siva is Varuna.

    U - V - ( )

    u - ka - va
    U( )denotes usha = aja = Isis =Iseous( Greek) =Yeshua(Hebrew) =

    Yehoshua(Hebrew) = Joshua = Jesus

    Isis saves Osiris(Savitri=Jupiter) from the clutch of Seth(nisa=sani=Saturn)

    and gives birth to Horus(Rudra,varsha) . Saturn reaches Aries once in 30 years

    and the king of Egypt (Osiris) was to be sacrificed once in 30 years in the sed

    festival. The sacrifice of the Christ is also at this age.The age of 33 was derived

    from 30 and 3.Trimsat(30) is tri –dasa and Srii –matsa(masta,himsa) also and

    indicates sacrifice. is the head and nose = ekadasa = (Rudra = putra );

    is head and two eyes = dvaadasa = (Savitri ) and is trayodasa =

    head , two eyes and nose =u-tra=usra= trimsat(30).Usha is kuja(Mars),

    Aja(Iisa,Isis,Jesus), vaca(speech) , bhaasa(light), bhaata(dawn),

    vaaja(food)and yaaga. Raaja is aja(paala) and was made vaaja and eaten.

    = = denotes the man on the cross with the ears forming the

    hands the tra forming the sira (head) and the bottom of the curve forming

    the feet of the cross.The cross is the yuupa with the sa,ya(▬cf.sama=yama)

    forming the yoni and the ra,ka(│) forming the phallus to make

    rata(rati,srii),yaaga and u-saya(udaya). The fish =


    is the yuupa(bhoga = bhuu = medini =mahisha=manusha=marta =

    matsa=sayana=sex) . In the asvamedha sex was an essential part. The

    panca-ma (maamsa,matsya,madya,mudra and maithuna) concept

    of sacrifices can be seen in the Harappann seals like H-182.

    UU

    uu : calling to, compassion, protection, particle used at the

    beginning of a sentence, Siva, the Moon, a protector, flesh,meat,

    pain, weaving, sewing

    uu - U (the Moon,Siva),O(Brahma),pa(egg,leaf,water),

    va(water,hand,Varuna)

    Ri

    Ri : sound(cf.ra or ri -sound), heaven, Aditi (the mother

    of the gods),to go ,to kill

    Ri-ra (to go), ra(fire, the Sun), arv (to kill)

    Rigveda : rica (vedamantra), guru(great, teacher), puru

    (great),srii(fire,the Sun),gira(speech),arka(the

    Sun),arca(worship),ruk(light),rk(time of ancients and

    kings- Eguptian)=raja(a king) It is the raaja veda.

    Luke (Rig -a Gospel)

    Rig – arv (to kill), kara (to kill),brih(to shine,to grow,to

    speak,vrik(vrisc-to cut down,fell,hew), ric(praise),rij(fry)

    Rigveda-prakaasa(light),gurudeva(a

    teacher),guruveda(greatveda=Rig),giraveda(gira-
    bhaasha,paatha=study of speech or language),Exodus

    (purappaatu-prabhaata-Rigveda-Malayalam)

    Balidaana(sacrifice ) is prakaasa(light).

    Animals were killed to perform yaagas. Yaaga is daaha

    (burning). Fire destroyed the materials fed into it which was

    construed as consuming by the Sun god.<<The god who answers

    by fire he is god……The fire of the Lord fell and burned up the

    sacrifice.1Kings.18.24-38>>

    The vedic mantras (deva vandanas-praises to gods) were to be

    learnt from the face of the gurus(gods).

    Rig veda is prabhaata (dawn) and is the great veda.It is the veda of

    the Bharats(Bharadvaaja-fire worshippers). Yajur (suurya) is the

    noon veda..Saama(saaya) is the evening veda. Atharva is uttara

    (north), and raatra (night). Veda being paada (four) there are four

    vedas.

    Rigveda being giraveda contains the most authentic version of

    Harappan speech. Of course we should not

    confuse the mahisha(asva) for the horse(asva) or godhuuma(wheat)

    as dust of cow! The Rigveda should be restudied in the light of

    the ‘Deva (veda,Brahmin) parokshapriya’ concept.

    The Bible has drawn heavily from it for the creation of its books.

    The four Vedas of the New Testament are Luke, Mark,Matthew

    and John.
    The age of the Rigveda is a subject of great debate.However the

    Rigveda speaks of the asvamedha yaaga which in fact is the

    SEDfestival of the Egyptians which they were practising from the

    first dynasty (BC 3150-2700) .It was during this period that the

    Bharats invaded Egypt and settled there.Hence it is probable that

    the avasa(asva,abda)medha(mesha,vedha) was practised by the

    Bharats before they settled in Egypt and the Rigveda described

    it even before this period.Another clue can be had from the

    description of the Sarasvati(Gaggar-Hakra)river.The drying up

    of the Sarasvati probably prompted the Bharats to explore new

    territories including Egypt.Most of the early Harappan settlements

    were along the banks of the river

    Sarasvati.P.H.Francfort,utilizing images from the French

    satellite SPOT,has suggested that the river Sarasvati (Gaggar-

    Hakra) started drying up in the middle of the 4th millennium

    BC.The arrival of the Bharats in Egypt is a little later.Hence at

    least parts of the Rigveda might have been composed in the

    first half of the 4th millennium BC .This is the early Harappan

    period.The Vedas were probably composed during the early

    Harappan and mature Harappan periods and the Brahmanas

    in the post Harappan periods. Antiquity or contemporariness

    of the Rigveda with the dynastic Egyptian culture is seen in

    the Sed(asvamedha), Isis(usha,Aja-


    Gaayatri,Iisa),Osiris(Savitri),Horus(Rudra),Ra(Ravi) etc.

    concepts. The Unicorn (bhadraasva ,aja-eka-pada ) which

    is also the raama(lama,lamassu) and the asva(mahisha)

    puts it on contemporary Sumerian or Akkadian planes.

    A restudy of words like asva(avaza,mahisha), srii(rice =

    inverted srii),bhadra(brick=rock),ratha(bharata,rati),

    hala(drii,siira), langala(mangala,sangama,naama-

    hala),godhuuma (ku-suuna,bhojana ),purandara(pura-

    Indra;surendra),yaaga(aga,saya,gha,ha),raasi(srii,raatri),bhaa

    va(bhaga,bhaaga),simha(mahisha,matsa,matsa,marta,Durga),

    vyaaghra(agra,arka, kraya,kravya),etc. will help one

    understand properly the period of the Rigveda. It belongs to

    the period when the worship of fire as the worship of the Sun

    was introduced by humans, when the priest kings were

    sacrificed and eaten by the worshippers, farming and weaving

    were advancing, when wheels were introduced on carts and

    sacrificial rathas etc. and writing was being introduced as can

    be seen from the Harappan seals. The gurus wrote hymns on

    tablets and taught their disciples and threw away the tablets

    once the disciples mastered those hymns. This explains why

    many tablets were seen scattered as if thrown into dustbins.

    Rii

    Rii : to go, fear, protection, hatred, a raakshasa (demon), the


    mother of the asuraas (Diti), the mother of the devas (Aditi),

    memory, remembrance, movement, breasts, chest, front side

    Rii - ra(fire,Indra,to go)

    Lri

    Lri : the earth, a mountain, Aditi, woman hood,a house

    Lri-La(Indra)

    Lrii

    Lrii : mother, Siva, Aditi, Kaamadhenu,a house

    Lrii-La(Indra),ra(fire,Indra)

    Lrii

    e : Vishnu, to come near, to approach, to comeback,

    to hasten, to request, compassion, memory, call,

    strength, jealousy, obedience, relation, Devi.


    e : aa (Lakshmi), ii (Lakshmi)

    Ai

    ai : remembering, calling, addressing, Siva, anger, yogini, (Durgaa).

    ai ahi(the Sun),avi(the Sun),five(cf.kai-hand=five-

    Malayalam),krii(kara-drii –srii-five,the Sun)

    O : obeyance,surprise,question,opposition

    calling,reminiscence,compassion,

    doubt,Brahma

    AU

    au : addressing, calling, prohibition, ascertainment, the earth,

    Ananta(sky) or Sesha (the bed of Vishnu),the setu

    (sacred syllable) of the sudras (cf:au is led by uksha

    as aum by usha ),a sound , opposition,Mahesvara(Siva)

    KA

    ka : Prajaapati, Brahma , Daksha(Agni,a Prajaapati) , Vishnu,Siva,

    Yama , Garuda, soul, a comet,wealth, aaditya(the Sun,ka-aga) ,

    agni(fire),splendour, light, air, a pea-cock, the body,


    time, sound , a king, happiness , joy, pleasure,

    water,the head, hair, hair of head, wind , disease , granthi ( a

    knot , tie, bunch , joint,( pouch) , intelligence ,

    sword, cloud, word, ocean, cuckoo, arka (erukku-Malayalam ) plant

    ka(bird),u,va,sa ka ka ka ka ka

    kapa (to rule), is the king . Note the ka (o) symbol on the

    forehead of the Harappan priest king.

    Saamaveda is said to be the sound of Garuda’s wing( or ).The symbol for Ka is

    the sa(bird,bolt,cross)or vi (bird,horse). Ka(kha –the Sun) is the soul in Egyptian

    mythology. It is a term used for the spirit of an individual , which continued to reside in

    the tomb , passing through the false door into the chapel to receive the offerings . It’s

    hieroglyphic is two raised arms<<AEMH :p.384>>The

    peacock(ka),bones(ka),water(ka),cloud(ka) etc. represent the soul (ka) in the

    Harappan writings as seen on the burial urns. << refer plate 164 of www. harappa

    .com/indus2/ 164.html>> In fact the peacock figure resembles the figure of two

    raised arms with the head in the middle .

    The six locks of hair or the plaited hair on the head of the heroes

    also represent ka (seraph=prabhaa)


    ka ka

    The sword, arrow and bird symbols represent ka in the seals. The fire symbols

    (which can also be water symbols) and bull symbols (beings fire) also can

    represent ka.

    Symbols of knot, tie and small bags are also ka.

    Ka being sound and word, any alphabet or sound symbols like the horn,

    drum , pipe etc. also can represent ka.

    Ka- ha(killing, the heavens).

    Hence ka(the soul) of the dead (ha) is sent to ha(the heavens) through ka

    (water).

    kaaya (the body) and yaaga (sacrifice) are just a long kaaaa (ka-fire,

    water, soul).Deha(the body) is daaha(burning).

    KSHA

    ksha : destruction , loss, destruction of the world , lightning, the nara –

    simha incarnation of Vishnu , a Rakshas, agricultural field ,a temple guard ,

    Meru ( a mountain),a kshatriya( warrior),an alphabet

    KHA

    kha : the Sun, a cavity , cave, an aperture of the human body, a sense organ ,
    a wound , the hole in the nave of a wheel through which the axis runs, the sky , air,

    a cipher, Brahma ,the anusvaara represented by a circle or dot, a city, a field ,

    happiness(sukha), a well, a cloud,knowledge , unhappiness (dukha ), a dot , the

    glotis , the body , sound , the point of an arrow .

    GA

    ga : going , moving, having sexual intercourse with, staying.

    Pictures of travel are ‘ ga’, pictures of sexual intercourse are ‘ ga’ . With

    ‘na’ they form naga ( the Sun,a snake,Kaama ).

    ga : a song , a Gandharva ( a celestial musician),

    Ganesa , any thing that goes or moves.

    gaayatri : that which protects the singer, a vedic metre with six

    letters in a line, one who recites the hymns of the

    (1) www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization.Page 6 of 13

    Saamaveda

    gaayatri—srii ( the Sun),tri(three)-jaya(the

    Sun), gaaya (singing),yaaga(sacrifice) ,ja(light)


    --prakasa(light ), hearth(fire place

    --tri(three)-kaaya(body)

    -kesari(a lion),khecarii(khacarii-Durga),drik(eye),gaatra(the body,sariira is

    srii ;hence gaayatri is marked on the body ),tri(three) –ka(head),tilaka,ka(agni)-strii(a

    woman),patra(bhadra),bhadrikaa(an amulet),caitra(the first month),gaya(the sky)-srii(the

    Sun)-the Sun in the sky.

    On DTIS page 91 Fig 6.3 the three sides of the Harappan amulet H-3305, wherein a

    naked lady close to whose legs the mark is written as shown.

    strii(woman)+ -ka-strii …ka-srii…gaayatri

    Srii-ka is Agni (the Sun) or Sarasvati. Gaayatri(jayasrii) is also the Sun .Naari + ka is

    naga (the Sun).

    On DTIS page 111 and112. Fig7.14 the animal bodies (carii-animal-srii) are marked

    with gaayatri by way of marks of srii(the Sun ), athari( finger), adri( mountain),

    tri(three-three lines), and three leaves (equivalent to trefoil) marks on the

    kaaya(body) of the animals. In B12 B6(page112) the gayatri is directly shown by the

    lute(ka - gaaya)+three line symbols.

    Gaaya-tri (ca+ghaz-to swallow=cakaas = to shine) gaayatri

    Joined bodies of animals shows saya( union) and thereby jaya(gaaya-yaaga)


    Matsa ( a fish) is masta(head) and hence this is a three head(three ka or va UUU) or

    or figure denoting gaayatri or patri(sa,aja,Iisa,Isis,vi )

    On DT1S page 212, the priest king is shown with marks of gaayatri(bhadrika) by way of

    circle on the forehead(circle-srii,head-ka), the beard lines(hair-line-srii,head-ka) and

    the trefoils (tripatra—sriibhadra; three circle –tri-kha—gaayatri).

    The trefoils correspond to fire places (hearth) and fire.

    On DTIS page 218 the trefoil gaayatri is shown on a linga stand DK4480

    On DTIS page 228 gaayatri is written in fig13.6

    sa paa sra ->subhadra,srii-bhaasa,prabhaata

    stop vi ra = ravi ,drava (a thief),prabhaasa

    sa,ka ya(ca,sa)tri(ravi,ra) - gaayatri(traa-trayaka-protector)-raksha(rasaka-juice of

    meat .).

    On DTIS page 13.16 the gaayatri is shown by the three leaves(trefoil) mofits

    On DTIS page 254 Fig14.26, the seal K-50 shows the deity with a tree crest to show

    gaayatri

    Tree (dru-tri)+head(ka)-tri-ka—gaayatri On DTIS Page 219 Fig12.10,12.11,12.12;

    on page 256 Fig 14.32;on page 257 Fig 14.33 gaayatri is shown by the sayadhara

    ( bearing sexual union; Caitra-Madhu the first month corresponding to Aries and sunrise)

    symbols.

    On John Marshal’s Mohanjo-daro pl.CX11 No 387 a tree itself is shown with two

    unicorn heads projecting out from its stem in a gaayatri pose.


    ta-u-raya(suurya)

    The endless motif (DTIS page 111 Fig A-3a&A-3b) depicts the gaayatri by the endless

    knot

    -> -> -> ->

    Gaayatri(srii-chaaya-image of the Sun)

    GHA

    gha : a tinkling sound, a bell, a tinkling ornament worn around the

    waist, a strike, striking, killing

    gha-ha(to kill)

    CA

    ca : pure , moving to and fro, mischievous, seedless,

    a thief, the Moon, a tortoise, Siva (Candesvara)

    ca-fish (bhaasa-light),ja (light), sa(a bird, god), ga(to

    go;jaa-to go-Hindi )

    The moon is ca( ja ) and Siva is Sa.Kacchapa(a tortoise)

    is kaasa(light) and hence is ca or ja.

    A fish (Ca) or snake(sa) continuously moves to and fro .

    CHA

    cha : dividing ,cleaving,cutting, a fragment; pure, clean,


    tremulous, unsteady, covering , concealing ,

    a mark, sign, house, baby.

    JA

    ja : born or descended from, a father, birth, a race or tribe,

    a daughter, speedy,victorious, eaten, speed , enjoyment, light,lustre

    , poison, a pisaaca ( an evil spirit), Vishnu, Siva, a husband’s

    brother’s wife,success,water

    Marks of light or splendour indicate’ ja’

    ja – ca, sa, ga, i(j-i), ha

    Ja ( light) is ha ( shine) and ca(the Moon).

    Ja ( the father) is sa (the god).

    Ja ( speed) is sa ( a bird).

    JHA

    jha : asleep ( one who sleeps), playing a tune, beating time, a sound like

    the splashing of water, jingling , wind accompanied by rain,

    anything lost or mislaid(nashtadravya), Brihaspati , name of a

    chief of the Daityas, a waterfall (jhaa), a thunderstorm, Indra,

    sound, voice,a riverlet.

    In the present alphabetic order of Sanskrit ‘ ja’ is followed by‘ jha’

    .Similarly‘sa’ is followed by ‘sha’. Both are almost identical as can

    be seen from the ‘jhasha’ figure.

    jha sha
    Sha(jha) shows sleeping posture of agna(a man) or marta(a

    man).Mrita(dead) is Indra.The lines are the flames of the sacrificial

    or funeral fire.

    jhasha jhasha jha (a waterfall)

    Jhashaasana is a nakra ( graaha - alligator)=jhasha-aazana(seat).

    fish (ca) + nakra(va) - canakra – dinakara ( the Sun),

    - dhanakara ( one making or giving wealth),

    Sankara ( Siva) etc.

    - vaca(the Sun),sava(a corpse),zava(the Sun,a

    yaaga,water)

    Fish (ca) + grahaa – cagraaha – cakra ( a wheel, raksha –

    protection) – Sakra (Indra)

    Nakra, graaha – Sakra ( Indra)

    Hence, it is the matsya Sakra ( the Pisces Sun) who is the fish

    eating alligator.

    jhaa : a waterfall

    jhaa- ja(light,birth),saa(Lakshmi,Paarvati)
    NJA

    nja : a singer, a jingling sound,a heretic, an ox , the planet Sukra(Venus)

    A bull or its sign Taurus is nja.

    nja(a singer or drummer) H-182

    nja –jna(a scholar)

    TA

    Ta (cerebral) : a dwarf ( Vaamana) , a quarter, the fourth , the earth, an

    . oath, a foot, a leg, earth , sound, a coconut shell,a singer.

    In Malayalam the symbol for Ta is that of ga ( = going). This is so

    because a foot is used to go . The English T is also derived from

    the symbol of the leg or tail . The foot of a vehicle is its

    wheel.Sabda (sound) has a ‘Ta’ in it.

    In the figureL-221 the wheel is shown as the feet.

    compare with

    L-221 M-1397, Ta(Egyptian)

    wheel – heel – feet ( pada).A ‘foot’ has two ‘-oo-’s.

    Hence the wheel symbol also is Ta. The number four is Ta,because

    it represents the four directions, the four legs of animals,a chair ,a


    cot etc.A bhadra(bull,cipher,patra)denotes the uu,o(cf .uksha)

    sound.

    THA

    Tha(cerebral) : a loud sound, a circle or cipher, the Moon’s disk , the

    Sun’s disk,Siva, a place frequented by all

    ( a market or temple), an idol, a sphere,firewood

    tha – a cipher, lunar or solar disk.

    Tha Tha K-40 Tha M-6,M-16

    DA

    Da ( cerebral) : a sound, a kind of small drum, fear, badavaagni

    ( sabmarine fire),Siva, a basket carried by a sling, a bird,a pisaaca

    ( Daakini).

    Kuuta ( a basket - Malayalam ) is a da.It is a muuta(a basket) also.

    The English d is a pole with a basket attached to its lower end.

    Garuda is a guru ( large) – da( a bird)

    A bird is also ‘sa’ and the Malayalam alphabet of ‘da’ is an

    inverted ‘sa’. The English D is a half S

    A drum basket basket bird basket


    DHA

    Dha ( cerebral) : a sound, Dhakka ( a large drum), a dog, a dog’s tail, a

    serpent.

    tail tail tail snake

    dhakka dha dog

    snake snake snake

    Dha

    NA

    Na ( cerebral) : knowledge, ornament,a water- house ( a dam), an

    evil person, name of Siva, name of Buddha, certainty,a

    summer residence, a cow

    ( Naa), donation, a gift or present.

    Aabharana (an ornament) is a Na ( ornament),

    because it is a ‘ Na’which covers (vri).

    A dam has Na in it ( na= ma= water).

    A baana ( an arrow) has a Na in it ( na = sharp edge ).

    An aani ( a nail) has a Na in it ( na = sharp edge).

    An anda ( an egg) has a Na in it ( na = egg).

    An ena ( a deer ) is a Naa ( a cow) or naa(a man).

    Not only Siva and Buddha,

    Krishna also has a ‘Na’ about him ( the solar disk is a Na).
    Trina has a ‘ Na’ which is among the first of potter’s

    marks.

    Na

    TA

    ta ( dental) : a tail ( especially of a jackal), any tail except that of Bos

    Gaurus, the breast, the chest, the womb, the hip, a warrior, a thief,

    a wicked man, Buddha, a jewel, an ornament, nectar,

    crossing,virtue, Lakshmi, a mleccha,a tree,a hand

    ta-crossing ta(soldier)

    ta(womb) ta(breast)

    ta (ta-nu ->arrow->bhaanu)
    ta-ca(a fish,the Moon),ja(light),jha(Indra),da(a mountain),

    ra(fire),va(a hand,Varuna),sa(a bird,god,a wall)

    THA

    tha : a mountain, a protector, a sign of danger, name of a

    disease,food, eating,fear, preservation, an auspicious

    prayer.

    tha(a mountain) tha(a protector) M-410(alligator

    eating fish )

    tha(eating) tha(eating)

    DA

    da : giving, offering, effecting, producing, a gift, the act of

    cutting off, a mountain, a wife, heat, pain ( daa ), teeth,

    the hood of a snake, breath, raksha ( protection ),

    repentance , purification ( daa ), a donor

    da  ra ( light, fire ), raa ( giving, wealth ), ca ( Moon ), ta ( tail ),

    sa ( bird,god )

    da(a donor) da(mountain,teeth)


    da(hood of snake,head of elephant)

    da

    (hood) (hood)

    drughana : Brahma, a wooden mace , an eye , hatchet.

    The word drughana exist from Rigvedic times .

    Now let us look at the writing on the stone celt discovered at

    Mylaaduthurai in Tamil Nadu on May 01, 2006 (News in the

    Hindu, dated May 01, 2006).

    The inscription on the celt reads :

    sha, na ka,sa dru,ra,ta ca(dha,pa,sa,vra)

    A celt is a drughana ( hand held axe ) or vrascana (axe).

    Satrughna is the brother of Raama. Vrascana is Krishna.

    Satrughna --> satru (enemy ) – ghna ( destroyer )

    The stone celt served the purpose of a knife , a weapon of defence

    or attack . In the inscription the first script is the symbol of the eye

    ( ca ) , bird ( sa ) or dhana ( dha - Brahma ); the second is the tree


    symbol (tree-dru);the third is the head symbol( head – ka ) and the

    fourth the agna ( man - sha , na ) symbol . Hence it

    reads :

    ca – dru – ka – na ->

    sa – tru – gh – na

    dha – dru – gh – na

    za – dru – gh – na

    Satrughna , dha ( Brahma ) – drughana ( Brahma ) , za (god ) –

    drughana ( Brahma ).Also

    -> O(ma) + C (sa) ->masa,dhana,sama,

    naasa(destruction)

    masa --> mace( mazhu – Malayalam )--> mash( to kill )

    Hence it can also read.

    mash ( mazhu ) – drughana ( a stone mace ) or sa ( like ) –

    drughana ( a wooden mace ) since this is a drughana on stone

    instead of wood,the normal material for a drughana.

    Thus it can be the name of the implement itself or the name of the

    person who owned it, who has the name of the Sun god

    ( Brahma, Satrughna ).

    drughana --> druhana ( Brahma ),vrikshaadana(an axe,a stone

    celt)

    Words like prakaasa ,raksha,daksha,Sakra etc. may also be there in

    in the writing.
    drumaasraya : seeking shelter in trees , a lizard , a chameleon

    drumaasraya–Dronaacaarya(Bharadvaaja),

    daarumukhyaahvaya

    drumaasraya (drona=soma)

    Drona : Bharadvaaja ,a noble man , a scorpion , an owl , a frog,

    a tree or plant with white flowers ,a cloud , a wooden vessel ,

    bucket or trough , a raven or crow, a Vasu , the teacher of the

    Kauravas and Paandavas. His father Bharadvaaja is said to have

    begot him from a drona ( a trough ), whence he got the name.

    Drona --> druma ( a tree ) , maatri ( mother ),netri(a

    leader),druna(a scorpion),taruna(a youth), nrit(dance),

    mrita(dead),marta(a person),dharma(duty,the god of

    death),Naarada(a sage),dharuna(Barahma,Agni),Nimrod

    (a great archer of Biblical fame - Genesis : 10 . 8 -is a prototype of

    Drona),sravana(hearing,ear,the Vedas)

    Hence not only Drona , every human being is born from a

    drona(maatri). Being sravana(veda) he was a teacher for the

    Kauravas and the Paandavas.

    The Unicorn is a Bharadvaaja ( bhadraasva,bharata-vaaca ). It is further

    confirmed by the drona ( a wooden vessel or trough ) or Arani ( drona )


    placed in front of the Unicorn and other bulls .. The Unicorn and the bulls

    are the emblem of the Bharadvaajas.

    Interestingly enough , not only the drona(arani),a drumaasraya is also

    shown to confirm the Bharadvaaja signature. The Malayalam word for

    chameleon ( jvaala – flame,jvalana-fire ) is onaan or ontu which is derived

    from sona ( fire , blood ) because of the red colour it develops on seeing

    human beings and the people believed that the red colour of the poor

    creature was developed by drinking the blood of the person it was looking

    upon . Thus the words chameleon and ontu are the same . Now

    Bharadvaaja is fire represented by the Unicorn. Its further confirmations

    come from the Drona ( Arani ) , the chameleon (drumaasraya ) figures

    and the bhadra(bharatha) script or symbols.

    Drona(sravana as druma) Drona(arani) drumaasraya

    Drona –druma bharata bharatha

    Drona –sravana

    Dronaacaarya : The (son of Bharadvaaja), guru of the Kauravas and

    Paandavas.

    Dronaacaarya --> drumaasraya ( a chameleon )

    droni : a trough , a tub , a pond , a vessel to take water , a


    plantain tree

    droni --> drona (a trough , a vessel ) , tarani ( a boat ) , sroni ( the

    buttocks , a path )

    droni

    It is of some interest to know if the Great Bath also had some

    Bharadvaaja clan significance through the drona (droni ) terms.

    DHA

    dha : Brahma , Kubera , virtue , merit , wealth , property ,

    placing ,bearing, holding ,having ,bestowing,granting , shining

    dha --> sa (god, wall , bird ) , ja ( light ) , da ( hill ),

    ca (Moon ), ha ( water ), ta ( a tail )

    dha

    NA

    na : not, no, nor, neither, absence, similarity,

    comparison, opposition, thin,

    spare, vacant, empty, identical, unbroken, fetter, jewel,

    pearl,ina(the Sun), war, gift, welfare, Ganesa; Buddha, the navel, a

    musical instrument, knowledge, bindng, one who is worshsipped,

    wealth, we, a cipher, undivided, ornament, teeth,a group,water

    Na is a(leg),ta(tail),ra(fire),la(Indra),ma(water),

    sa(a weapon),sha(a man),za(a bird), ha(hair)

    naga is a na
    nakha is a na

    nabha is a na

    nayana is two ‘na’s.

    trina is three ‘na’s.

    Na is naa (a man).

    dhvana (sound) - dva (two) – na - na – yama (two)-

    nayana (eyes)

    Speech is fish (eye).

    Since agna is aga ‘na’ is a cipher.Ina(the Sun) is na (a

    cipher).Hence god cannot be seen.He is simply invisible!

    PA

    pa : wind, air, a leaf , an egg, water, drinking , one who drinks,

    guarding, protecting , ruling, the fifth note of music, gold,a

    grove or park

    A ‘fish’ is a ‘leaf’.

    A ‘c’ is a ‘p’. Fish is c and leaf is p.

    The English alphabet p is the leaf itself .

    Refer the seal M-414<<DTIS page 243 Fig. 14.3>> where the

    ‘Fig tree + fish’ sequence is shown. The fish is the leaf of the
    tree.

    Also P -> R -> N -> V -> A

    , -> -> -> , , ,

    Sringa ( a horn ) is bhringa ( a beetle ). Hence

    ra ,ka u -> pa , pa

    The leaf (pa) symbol is also a head symbol.

    Patra ( pa - a leaf ) is a pada ( foot - a ) – ra ( ra - fire , going )

    purodaasa : ( oblation ) cooked in five pots.

    pancakapaala panca ( five ) – kaapala ( kalasa – a pot ),

    kavaca(shield)

    pacana ( fire, cooking ) – kavaata (a door ),jvaala(flame);

    vacana ( word ) – svara ( voice, suurya – the Sun )

    pancakapaala  pancakavaata ( five doors ), pancasvara

    ( five notes ),pancakshaara(five salts),pancaakshara(five

    alphabets)

    pancakapaala  vasanapaalaka ( a house keeper );

    pacana( fire,cooking ) – paalaka ( lord )

    Pancarava is a Gandharva ( sandarbha – occasion ). Panca ‘ra’

    ( five ra ) is panjara(acage,the body),pancama(sex), sancaara

    ( travel) and samsaara (the world, speech ). Naaga bandhana

    ( binding a snake ) is naga ( the Sun ) vandana


    ( worship ) or gaana ( a song ) vandana ( worship ) or Saama ( the

    third veda ) vandana (worship ) or kaama

    ( sex ) – pancama ( sex ) or naaga ( a snake – bhanjana

    ( breaking, shattering ) or gaana ( a song ) – panjara

    ( body ). The drummer in this seal isNaarada(nrita,mrita,Dharma)

    or a Gandharva ( heavenly musician ). The inscription with the

    pancaparva kosa (vacanakosa-sabda kosa) reads gaanagandharva

    ( a talented musician , the science of music ) , gaandharva saala

    ( an institute of music ), prakaasa,Sakra vandana,kaama

    bandhana,panca baana kaama etc.

    na(kha)-ga(five)->naga,khaga,gana,gaana,mahaa

    purodaasa-pancaakshara-pancaagni-hamsevara H-182

    Sakra-gaana-pancama,prakaasa,panca baana etc.

    patra : a wing, a leaf, a leaf for writing,a tablet,a sheet,writing , a

    knife,the sharp edge of a knife, a vehicle

    patra  pa (protector, a leaf , water ),va(Varuna,water,a

    hand)--tara( fire,crossing ), border, bhaa(light)-

    dhara(bearing),bhartaa(ruler,a husband), ka(head)-sira(head),vetra (

    a stick ), vastra (cloth ), bhadra(the king,fire,prosperity,a bull,

    border, great, strong, a stone, a seat, water, light ,a cipher),

    devata(god), vadana(face), adhara(lips),vacana(speech),paatra(a


    pot), sarpa(a snake),bharatha(fire),vajra(a weapon of Indra),cakra(a

    wheel),pada(a foot,side),vaartaa(speech,word),vaarta(a healthy

    person),vaarda(cloud),varsha(shower,rain,a

    year),varca(light),drava(fish)),vardha(completion,filling),

    varta(living,livelihood),bhadraa(a lovely girl),

    traya(three),trapa(shame),srava(ear,food),gaatra(the

    body),svara(sound),udara(belly),usra(a bull),dvaara(a hole),vata(a

    Fig tree),vrishaa(Indra),vrisha(a bull),bhadra(a

    bull),agra(agna,arka,first),paaartha(a king),praata(dawn),Bharata(a

    king),pitri(a father);ka(head),sa(like,god)-sira(head)

    Patra is the sira( head) of a tree.

    Since a patra is bhadra ( auspiciousness,happiness ),

    bharata fire ) and sraya ( refuge)it is one of the

    most popular graffiti on paatra ( pots ). The graffiti

    marks usually depict a picture

    which resembles the name of the article or pot on which

    it is drawn.The dancing girl ( subhadraa ) is such an

    image.

    Bhadraas portray bhadra ( prosperity )and bharatha ( fire ).

    Hence this image ( bhadraa) was depicted on paatra ( a pot).

    <<Refer the Hindu - dated September 12,2007-article

    “the ageless tale a potsherd from Bhirrana tells” wherein

    the discovery of a potsherd belonging to Harappan times


    with the image of a dancing girl is described.The dancing

    girl image located at Mohenjo-daro and on this potsherd

    convey the same message and carry an important clue to

    the nature of the language of the Harappans.Even today

    patras and paatras are displayed in celebration halls and in

    the kolams to make everything bhadra.

    PHA

    pha : manifest, a gale, swelling, gaping, gain, flowing, bursting

    with a popping noise, bubbling, boiling, angry or idle

    speech, cruel speech ,position or status, growth, increase,

    clarity

    pha

    BA

    ba : Varuna, sea, making to shine, weaving, shaving, a pot,

    the vulva,water, one who has gone.

    bruuhi : plase speak!

    bruuhi  bruu (to speak) Hebrew(ivrit) - Bharata –Brahui


    Horeb(a mountain(Exodus : 3)

    BHA

    bha : Sukra (Venus), Sukraacaarya (the preceptor of the Asuras),

    a beetle, delusion, a planet, a star, a sign, a metre, semblance,

    error, a beam of light, lustre, splendour, appearance,

    asterism, lunar asterism, a bee, a house.

    bhaavuka : happy, well, auspicious, happiness, welfare

    bhaavuka  bhaa (light)-va (mangala-happiness)-ka

    (happiness, light)

    bha(a bee),pa (a leaf, an egg)-yuga (two),yoga (union)

    bhaavugabhoga(enjoyment),bhuja(an arm),

    bhaga(the Sun,prosperity,the vulva)

    bhaavuka M-1397 H-455 M-101 M-396

    bhaavuka

    bhaavuka
    bhaavuka

    bhaavuka

    MA

    ma : time, poison, the Moon, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, Yama,

    water, happiness, prosperity, a magic formula, the

    fourth note of music, a mother, measure, authority,

    light, knowledge, binding, fettering, death, a woman’s

    waist, welfare, a king, pleasure, Lakshmi (maa), beauty,

    do not (maa),Srii(Lakshmi)

    ma --> na (not,like,water),va(like,a hand)

    A kara(a hand) is a nakra (an alligator) or a makara(an

    alligator)

    ma(samaya -time) --> sayana (sex)

    Brahma and Yama have ma(poison) in them.When Siva

    (va -> ma) got a part of it his neck became blue and

    and he was called NiilakanTha.

    mahaalinga : Siva
    mahaalinga  naga (the Sun) –(la(ra-fire)- agni (fire, the Sun),

    alinga (Brahma).

    From this it is clear that the worship of the phallus was a form

    of fire worship itself practiced by the Bharats.

    YA

    ya : wind, fame, union, yaaga, sacrifice, movement,

    a hero, going,travel, a vehicle, a traveller, Yama,

    shine, who, joining,restraining, barley, light,

    abandoning,religious meditation,attaining,

    Lakshmi, the vulva

    ya  na (like, binding), ka (head, light), ga

    (going), pa (a leaf), va (a hand, house),

    yaa(lakshmi) ,kaa(Sarasvati) ,aa (Lakshmi),

    Saa(Paarvati)

    yuddha : battle, fight, war, opposition, conflict

    yuddha udaya (sunrise), aayudha (a weapon),

    uttha(born, risen), suuya (a yaaga), yoddhaa

    ( yodhaa -a fighter),dyu(fire,day,the sky)

    Aayudha puuja (worship of weapons) is performed

    to worship udaya (sunrise). It is Drupada

    bandhana, setu bandhana etc also. Many of the

    historic yuddhas (wars) described by the priestly

    historians are descriptions to worship udaya.


    The ‘dasaraaja’ (Dasaratha?) war, Raama-dasasira

    war, the kurukshetra’ war etc. depict udaya

    through yuddha. Ayodhya and Judea too indicate

    udaya.

    The contest motifs in the Bharata, Sumerian and

    Egyptian seals also point to udaya worship through

    yuddha.<<DTIS page 246 to 260>>

    yoddhaa – udaya

    RA

    ra :light, fire, Agni (the Sun), kaamaagni (the heat of

    love),heat, intensity, love, desire, speed, acquiring,

    possessing, giving, effecting (raa), amorous play,

    gold, going, motion,brightness, splendour, strength,

    power

    ra  pa (a leaf,ruler), ka (the head), na (a gem), ma

    (water), ca (the Moon), La (Indra), sa (god), ta (a

    tail), a (Vishnu), rava (sound, the Sun), vak-ra (a

    curve), ar-ka (the Sun),cak-ra (a wheel)

    ra-vi = ra = vi

    ra

    Comparing the English P and R and K we can see that


    P is pa(pada,patra = foot,a leaf) of Bharata and R =K is

    the Ra(K=fire) of Bharata which is denoted by the

    staff sign(ra) and the Unicorn(ra-vi) with the single

    Horn or Ganesa with the single tusk.This is the

    difference between Pand R also.

    ravi : the Sun, one who is worshipped

    ravi  ra (fire) – vi (a bird,two,a horse), rabbi (a

    teacher), nabi (a teacher), viira (a hero), avi (the

    Sun, Aries), hari (a lion, Vishnu),rava(sound,the

    Sun),devi(a goddess),iraivan(god-Tamil),kavi(the

    Sun),kapi(the Sun),papi(the Sun),ina(the

    Sun),Levi(the third son of Jacob and Leah-‘third’

    from ‘srii’ and ‘krittika’),vaara(tail-it is the tail of

    the bull-in the Sed festival), rayi(water,

    prosperity), miira(the sea), vaari(water),

    miina(fish. Look at Ravi-Jesus- making the

    miraculuous catch of fish in the sea of Tiberias at

    dawn<<John:21>>

    Rudra : Siva

    Rudra Durga, rudhira (blood, red), ra-usra (a bull,

    dawn, the Sun), suura (the Sun),putra (a son);

    srii (the Sun)- ra (the Sun);mudra (a seal, dancing),


    kiraata (Siva,a hunter),surata(sex),mitra (the Sun);

    ra (fire,the Sun) – dru (a tree);Ritu(seasons)-ra(the

    Sun)

    Mitra (the Sun god) is Rudra . He was later made the

    putra (Jesus, Muruka, Ganesa etc.) and Buddha gods.

    Rudra is rudhira (blood) and hence provides raksha

    (rakta).

    Surata seals (M-489B) praise Rudra( suurya).

    Rudra  raudra (Yama, heat, sunshine),

    rohita (lohita – red), Durga (suurya-the Sun)

    Ina(the Sun ) being Yama(two) or iNa(two –

    Malayalam) the same Sun is worshipped as male and

    female deities.Amme Naaraayana (Oh,mother Vishnu )

    is another best illustration of this.Like Indra and Mitra,

    Rudra is also represented by the locana(netra).Hence

    Rudra is said to have a third eye also as Srii Rudra is

    trilocana(with three eyes).

    rudra -> dru - ra -> srii – ra

    LA

    la : Indra, the earth, cutting, vidhaata (Brahma cf.la

    symbol on the Mylaaduthurai stone celt)

    la  ra (fire), na (a cipher, a gem), ta (a tail), a (leg),


    sha(a man,matted hair)

    The English L (leg -> a) , d (ta -> tail) and T (tail-

    > Ta) are similar hence. A suula (a trident) is a su

    (good) - La (Indra) and a lata (a creeping plant) is La

    (Indra) - ja (born) ,ta(tail) and sa (god,like).

    La

    laksha : a mark, sign, target, prey, a kind of citron, a pearl, a

    lac (one hundred thousand)

    laksha  laksh (to mark, to see), raksha

    (protection), rakta (blood), sahana (enduring), klesa

    (trouble), dahana (fire), kalasa (a pot), kshana (time,

    a second), daksha (fire, Siva, Vishnu),

     La (Indra) - kaasa (light)  sunshine,

    kshata (injury), aksha (eye, a die,a wheel)

    Laksha (markings) on paatra (pottery, bhadra -

    bharata - fire), vastra (cloth), walls (border - bhadra),

    door frames (dvaara - suurya - the Sun) etc. point to

    raksha (protection) through daksha (fire and fire

    worship). The lakshas chosen normally are

    homophones or homonyms of the name of the

    object itself. A laksha with rakta is a sure sign of

    raksha as see in the<< Exodus :12. 6-7>>


    A kalasa (a pot) is sometimes hung in the front

    portico of a house as a laksha of raksha.

    laksha

    linga : a mark, a symbol, the male organ.

    linga  sisna (a phallus), tunga (great, high, Siva),

    simha (a lion), cihna (a mark or emblem), agni

    (fire) ;La(Indra,ra) – agni (fire), naga (the Sun),inga(a

    mark);kalana (a mark), kalinda (the Sun),

    sahari (the Sun), nagari (a town),

    lagna (adhering to,the ascendent), tongue,

    inga (a horn), aalinga (embrace)

    lih (to lick) – ga (go to);

    liina (pressed together, merged in)

    A patra(leaf) is bhadra(a bull,a pestle) and

    bharata(fire) also.

    linga -> La - inga ->ra-agni

    linga - sisna- patra- bhadra

    The Vaasava link to linga is clear from the objects

    at the Harrappan times.

    A sisna is Si (Siva) sama (equal) also.Linga worship

    has been mistook to represent Siva worship alone.It


    is Indra and agni worship also.Sepha is deva.

    VA

    va : strong, powerful, wind, air, Varuna, a hand or arm,

    the ocean, water, addressing, reverence, conciliation,

    auspiciousness, a dwelling, a tiger, cloth, the root of

    the water-lily or lotus, an incantation or mantra,

    pracetas, vaa (an arrow, going, hurting, weaving, a

    weaver), raahu, bhaga (the vulva), a pot, the number

    5 (pancama-> fifth -> pa -> va)

    va - a(leg),ka(the head),pa(water,leaf),ha(water,the

    sky),ma(water),na(a cipher,a gem),bha(a star,a

    bee),U(Siva,the Moon)

    The Roman numeral V (5), the Malayalam alphabet

    5 (va,pa) and the English alphabet V, represent the

    figure of the open palm .Va is Varuna (marana-

    death) as va is pa(pa is a hand and pancama).The hand

    has only five fingers and five is the last digit.Panca

    (five) is thus anta (end) and bhanga

    ( defeat,destruction,apart,going)

    ( a tiger)

    Va –Varuna
    Va

    vaadhriinasa : a rhino

    vaadhriinasa  vetra (a stick) - nasa (nose), naasaa

    (nose);srii(the Sun)-bhaasana(light)

    A Unicorn too is a vaadhriinasa .

    vaari : water, word, Sarasvati, a place for catching or

    tying an elephant, a water- pot, a prisoner, a slave.

    vaari  vaani (word, Sarasvati), ravi (the Sun),

    aarya (noble), hari (Vishnu) ,naari (a

    woman)

    The figure of the prisoner or slave can indicate


    Sarasvati also.

    vaari

    vaasra : day, a bull, a house, a building, cowdung, a

    junction of four roads, sounding, roaring

    vaasra ->vaasara (vaara-a weekday),

    bhadra (auspiciousness,great, light, a bull, a king),

    vaasa (a dwelling), paatra (a cup, vessel), srava

    (flow),prabhaa (light), mitra (the Sun),maatraa (a measure

    of time, a small quantity, wealth, a limb),

    bhaasa (light), vajra (a weapon of Indra), sravaa (ear,

    hearing), maasara (cooked rice), vaasraa (a cow with a

    calf,a mother),maatara(mother),vacana (a

    word,speech),asara(fire),asira(fire),ahna(day)

    Vaasra (cowdung) is applied to make bhadra and

    usually an ananda bhadra (kolam) is also drawn

    over the vaasra to make it still more bhadra.

    vaasra

    vrihii : rice, paddy

    vriihi  grain, srii (to cook), ravi (the Sun), praacii (the

    East), rice , arici (rice - Tamil), dhaanya(grain),


    asana(food=agna), bhraajii (shining), hari

    (green colour), dhaanya (grain),barhi (fire),

    harit (green , greenish yellow), kirana

    (ray=corn), sreni (group of corn), trina (grass),

    mani (grain),praana(life)

    Paddy plant is grass like and green and turns

    greenish yellow when ripe. Its dhaanya mani

    (grains corn) are cooked (srii) to make sraanaa

    (rice gruel),whence the name vriihi evolved.

    SA

    sa : auspiciousness, prosperity, happiness, science, an agni

    who is a son of Brihaspati, Siva, a weapon; one who(eg.

    sara,sringa) injures , harms, splits, destroys; sex, a

    tortoise, a wing (being split), a horn (split and harming),

    sa  sayana (sex) ,sastra (sara - a weapon),sam (sukha),

    Sankara (Siva)

    sa  ca (the Moon), ja (light,water), ga (going, Ganesa),

    na (a gem), ta (a tail), da(a wife,a mountain),

    dha(wealth,Brahma) pa (a leaf, water), ma

    (water,happiness), sha (a man), za (god, a bird, a wall), ha


    (water, the sky, happiness)

    subha : auspiciousness, a gem, pearl, luck, water, a goat

    God is a goat (the lamb of god). Hence he is pleased by

    the sacrifice of a goat or ram.

    subha  su (good) – pa (water), bhaa (light),paa(to

    drink)

    Light is water.

    subha  subhaa (sobha – light),pasu(an animal,cattle)

    paamsu(amsu - dust,rays),bhuja(a hand),tubha(a goat),

    chaaga(a goat)

    Kana(a drop) is naga(the Sun).Hence water drops are

    auspicious.

    To make the conclusion of a sacrifice subha ,holy water

    is sprinkled by the priest.This emulates emission of teja

    at udaya ,and retas at saya (yaaga).

    sulka : tax, money, a kind of royal income , fare for ferrying,

    dowry, pawn, price, a cord, copper.

    sulka  sukla (semen), sushka (fire, a mouse), mushka

    (testicle),muulya(price,value),sukta(meat,shining),

    muushika(a mouse),suurya(the Sun),cakra(a

    wheel),kretaa(a buyer), kraya(purchase),su-kara,krii

    The sulka of an intercourse is sukla.


    sulka-cakra ,muulya

    sepa, sepha : the male organ, penis, a tail, scrotum

    sepha  seva (the male organ, dear, precious, a snake, a

    fish, height, elevation, prosperity, happiness),siphaa (a

    root, a branch),zeva(service), deva (god), bhaasa (light),

    bhaata (dawn), paada(feet),paasa(a rope), rava(the Sun),

    saya(udaya,sex),Siva,paci(fire),pati(a lord, husband),

    Kephas (rock,Peter),Vaasava(Indra),peya(drink),

    naaga(a snake),siivaa(a python),biija(semen),jiiva(life)

    A matsa (fish) is a masta(head) and seva (linga,deva).

    The panca ‘ma’ worship includes satisfying

    seva(linga,fish,sex) by saya to satisfy deva(Siva).

    Indra is pleased when the indriyas are pleased.

    A naaga (siivaa) was behind the sin of origin(Genesis)

    sepha

    smasaana : a crematorium, a place for burning dead bodies, a

    cemetery, an oblation to deceased ancestors.

    samasaana  sma (sava) – sayana (bed);

    samaadhaana (peace),savaasana(a yogic posture of

    calmness)
    Samaadhaana of smasaana is the RIP (requiescat in pace-

    rest in peace.)

    Samaadhaana(bhadra-happiness) for the dead is ensured

    by merging with vastra(bhadra –happiness), patra(leaf-

    hence dead body is first laid on green leaves of coconut or

    palm ), bharata(fire,bhadra – happiness),

    bhasma(ash,bhadra-happiness)

    paatra(a jar- the ash and bones are collected in a

    kalasa) and bhadra (water,stone,happiness- the kalasa is

    hence flown through water) in the burning system.This

    system has an element of the migrating soul and

    migrating man in it. When the Bharats began leaving

    their permanent settlements in the Indus valley they

    introduced this system of disposing of the dead. Instead

    of this the original burial system followed by the

    semitic religions and the South Indians ensures

    bhadra(happiness) by a paatra(jar) or peta(box,bhadra)

    and placing in a chamber of bhadra(stone,happiness).

    Hence a grave is called a kallara (chamber of stone) in

    Malayalam.Asma(stone,bhadra) is placed over the

    sma(body- sava) as menheirs(vertical slabs, marana-

    death,cf.muniyara – burial chamber in Malayalam),

    cairns (carama-death, large stone circles-stone is bhadra


    and circle is bhadra) and cist-slabs(cist-cita,caitya) to

    ensure bhadra(happiness,peace) to the soul buried under

    them.The larger the stone the more remote was the

    possibility of disturbing the RIP.The Egyptians hence

    erected the mastabas(sma-pada,vaasa) which later

    became the pyramids.

    smasru : the moustache, beard.

    smasru  sma (face) – sru (adhering to,to hear);

    asru (tear), dru (a tree),srava(ear); nazaa (face) – sru

    (adhering to); netri (a leader), maatri (a mother), medhira

    (a lord),kaamaatura (love-sick, affected by passion);

    kaama – dru (tree) -> the phallus; ka (head, the alphabet)

    – medhira (lord);asru (tear) – zama (like), sama (to cease)

    Smasru is miisa in Malayalam.Miisa is rasmi(rays).

    smasru –dru on sma(face)

    sraya : refuge, protection

    sraya --> aasraya (refuge, protection),traa(to protect),

    raksha (protection), traya (three), srava (ear,hearing),

    prabhaa (light), kraya (purchase), raaja (a king), asra

    (angle, tear, blood), varsha (a year), srama (effort), srii

    (fire), agra (border,peak, top), siirsha (the head),

    aadhaara (base), patra (a leaf), bhadra (fire), kriyaa

    (work, beginning)
    sraya

    sravaapya : a sacrificial victim, an animal or human to be sacrificed.

    sravaapya → srava (yajna) - aapya (avi-a ram);

    paitrika (of posterity);viirabhadra (the horse for the

    asvamedha),dravya(matter);Vaasava(Indra)-ravi(the

    Sun), abhisrii(union),abhisraava(making popular)

    SHA

    sha : best, excellent, wise, learned, loss, destruction, end, term,

    rest, remainder, loss of knowledge, eternal happiness,

    final emancipation, heaven, paradise, sleep, a learned

    man, teacher, a nipple, hair, delivery, a man, the whole,

    sreshtha (noble)

    sha → ja (light), ca (the Moon), kha (the Sun, a

    cipher), ta (a tail), da (a mountain), za (god, a bird, a

    wall), sa (auspiciousness, happiness),saha(light)

    sha

    SA

    sa : knowledge, meditation, a fence, a snake, air, wind, a


    bird, Vishnu, Siva, Lakshmii, Gaurii, procuring,

    bestowing, god, he, equal, equivalent,alike, with (saha),

    together, hair, life, Purusha (a universal soul), a

    road,indirect

    sa → ka (the head), ca (the Moon), ja (light), pa (water,

    egg, leaf), sa (happiness), sha (a man) ,saa(Lakshmi,kaa-

    Sarasvati,yaa- Lakshmi )

    HA

    ha : calling, calling to, throwing, appointing,

    destroying, removing, killing, fame, contempt,

    ridicule,bearing

    ha : the spearkling of a gem, the sound of a tyre,a lute

    ha : Siva, the Moon, Vishnu, a doctor, the Supreme

    Spirit, a swan, water, meditation, Nakuliisa (a

    bhairava), a cipher (zero), auspiciousness, the sky,

    heaven, paradise, blood, dying, fear, knowledge,

    war, battle, horripilation, a horse, pride, cause,

    motive, laughter, coition, pleasure, delight, a

    weapon, mad, drunk, abandoning, deserting,


    avoiding, abandonment, desertion, sleeping, a mad

    elephant, absolving sins.

    ha – ka (the head,water,light,happiness),ca(the

    Moon),ma(water),na(war,gem),pa(water),ja(light),sa

    (auspiciousness,Siva),Kha(a cipher),gha(killing,a

    bell),va(Varuna- the god of death)

    Hastinaapura : a city founded by king Hastin, which was the capital of

    the kings of the Lunar line. It is also called Gajaahvaya; naaga –

    saahvaya, naagaahva, haastina etc.

    naaga  naaka (the sky),an elephant

    Hastinaapura hasta-yama-pura; dakshinapura (the South. This is

    the sky), pascimapura (the West. This is the place of sunset).

    Hence it is astamaya(asta)pura also.

    Hastinaapura being the sky is also Dvaaraka (svarga->

    the sky). Hence the capital of Srii Krishna and

    Yudhishthira are the same.

    Pattana(a town) is bhadra(protected,a chief, a king,

    enclosed) and pura(a town). Bhadra is an elephant or a

    bull also.Hence pattana – pura is called Bhadra (hastin –

    an elephant ) – pura(a town) or

    Bhadra(Bharata-Bhaarata)

    - varsha – pura also.The name Bhaarata(pattana) itself

    point to the cities of the Indus valley.


    This is the Dholavira sign board.

    It is dasa bhadra (has ten bharatas or scripts).

    dasa bhadra –> desa bhadra(bharata- king),bharata

    desa(the Bhaarata nation).Thus reading bothways gives

    different meanings.

    Four circles (bhadras,sriis) make it

    sriibhadra,Bhaarata(bhadra)varsha,

    naabhivarsha,naaga(bhadra,sarpa) pura etc.

    There are eight ‘bhadra’s formed by scripts 1,2,3,4,

    5(6,&7),8,9 & 10 going from left to right.

    Hence it is ashta(hasta) bhadra(pattana).

    Alphabetically from left to right it is

    pa-sra- pasra(sra,ta)-pa-sa(na)-ka-ra- pa-pa-na ->

    bhadra –srii- bhaskara – bhavana(pavana,paavana),

    bhadra-Drupada –srii – bhavana,

    savitaa ( pavitaa,bhavita) - bhaaskara – bhavana

    savitaa – vastra - bhavana

    bhaarata(bharata,pattana)- srii(raaja) – bhaaskara –bhavana

    Bhadra is hastin. Hence it is also

    Hastina – srii(suura=king)- bhaaskara – bhavana.

    It can be the board of the king’s residence, of a Sun

    temple , a textile shop or the city itself.


    The asva(fish) being on the right and the bhadra

    (=aja=aasamsa) being on the left as shown below

    the right to left reading is the normal one.

    pa- su –patra – pa -sa - ka - ra - pa -pa - sa

    subha-bhadra-sabha-dvaaraka

    Tripatra is Drupada(king).Patra is bharata and

    pattana. Dvaaraka(suuraka) is svarga. Hence it can be

    Dvaaraka pattana(bhadra) also..

    THE SAMAVRITTAS

    A samavritta is a metre with four equal paadaas (lines). A metre can be formed

    with even a single alphabet and can extend to several alphabets in a line. The names of

    some of the metres probably had their origin during the Harappan times itself.

    Name of the metre Number of

    alphabets

    in a line
    1 uktaa (srii) 1
    2 atyukta (strii) 2
    3 madhya (naari) 3
    4 pratishtha (kanya) 4
    5 supratishtha 5
    6 gaayatri 6
    7 ushnik (madalekha) 7
    8 anushthup 8
    9 brihati 9
    10 pankti 10
    11 trishtup 11
    12 jagati 12
    13 atijagati 13
    14 sakvari 14
    15 atisakvari 15
    16 ashti 16
    17 atyashti 17
    18 dhriti 18
    19 atidhriti 19
    20 kriti 20
    21 prakriti 21
    22 aakriti 22
    23 vikriti 23
    24 sankriti 24
    25 abhikriti 25
    26 Utkriti 26

    27 dandaka 27
    4. THE SUMERIANS AND THE BHARATS

    Sumerian History

    ubaid period - 5300-4100BCE (Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic)

    Uruk period - 4100-2900BCE (Late chalcolithic to early bronze

    age)

    Dynastic period - 2900BC – 2004BCE (Bronze Age)

    The first settlement in Southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu, by

    FARMERS who came from the NORTH or EAST and who brought with them the

    Samarran culture. It is not known if they were the actual Sumerians identified with the

    later Uruk culture. The Uruk period is characterized by the change in painted pottery

    production on slow wheels to production of great varieties of unpainted pottery produced

    on fast wheels.

    Each walled city of Mesopotamian civilisation was centred upon a temple

    complex, including the state granary (similar to the building complex, the great bath and

    granary at Mohenjo-daro!). As time passed, the deities multiplied, there being specific

    gods for aching limbs, goddesses for greenery and pasture. Every aspect of life thus came

    to be associated with its own minor deity that required gifts or placation and the magic

    spells also multiplied to meet the requirements of the devotees. The Sumerians invented

    (or inherited?) the picture hieroglyphs which later developed into the cuneiform writing.

    The Sumerian military used chariots (carts) harnessed to four onagers ca. 2600

    BCE.
    The actual Sumerians are considered to be a non-Semitic, non-Indo –European(?)

    people who entered Mesopotamia from the East around the fourth Millenium BCE

    defeating the Semites who were the inhabitants there(Wikipedia.Sumerian

    Mythology:page-6). They were experts in making Mud Bricks and City Building which

    led to the development of the Sumerian city civilization. These city states were ruled by

    a priest (en), king (lugal) or governor (ensi) who were closely associated with the city’s

    religious rites(Wikipedia:Sumer page -1). The Sumerians worshipped An (the sky),

    Ki(the Earth) etc.

    With the coming of the brick making people to Sumer, a civilisational change

    similar to that of Mehrgarh or Harappa took place as exhibited by the architectural

    developments. Let us now ask a simple question. Did the younger generations of Bharata

    migrate to Sumer as in the thousand years from 6500 BCto 5500 BC the population may

    have increased manifold and consequential explorations for new farming and pastoral

    areas might have become a necessity? The civilizational as well as language traits

    suggest this possibility. The construction of the brick ziggurats, the evolution of the

    pottery, the existence of trade relations between Harappa and Sumer<<DTSI pp 9-

    14>>,identification of Harappa as Meluhha,the culture of the Kolam<<DTSI P 57>>, the

    location of seals at Sumer with Harappan themes <<DTSI PP247-250>> etc. indicate

    this.

    Let us now look at a few Sumerian words to find out if they have any relation to

    words in Bharata.

    Sumerian Bharata
    Shumer (KI-EN-GIR)

    Land of the Lords of Brightness) suunarii (dawn). The name itself suggests a

    common descent with Bharata (fire,light;

    praata-dawn) and explains the meaning of

    the name of Sumer and why it is the land of

    the lords of brightness(Bharata).

    sag (black) Kaala (black), kaca (hair), kesa (hair). kaasa

    (light) in reverse is sag (chaaya-shadow)

    giga (head) sikha (head), sira (head), siirsha

    (head);ka(head)

    ki(earth) ku (earth), ri (fire, sound). Dhara (earth) is tara

    (fire) and srii (word, fire). Sound and fire are

    equated with the Earth. Ku is that which

    sounds (ku=to make sound, to cry etc).

    En (Lord, priest) ina (the Sun), nii (to lead)

    eme (native) an (to sound), am (to sound, to eat), anii

    (mother, protector), vaani (speech)

    na(us),maa(mother),sva(own)

    gir (speech) gira (speech), gii (speech, word)

    eme gir

    (Sumerian language) angir, angira, angiras (fire, dawn) (anu-with,

    ina-the Sun, srii-the Sun)


    Eme gir is the equivalent of Bharata (praata)

    and suunarii. It is ‘English’now.

    lugal (king) raaja (king, shining), luj (to shine, to give

    strength, to donate, to kill),raaj(to shine).

    Lugal is regal.

    ensi (governor) ansa (a portion) cf: janmi (lord),

    netaa(leader)

    Enlil (air god) anila (air), Indra

    Ninlil (air goddess)

    e (house) a (house)

    kur (mountain) kuuta (mountain), giri (mountain)

    Enki (water god- light is the water) agni (fire, the Sun)

    ab (water) ap (water)

    zu (far) juu(sky,speed),duura (distance),du(to go)

    ur (the city;light-Hebrew) ush (early morning), same as suunarii

    (Sumer),pur(city).

    lu (man) naa (man), sha (man), loka (people),ra(man)

    gal (great) guru (great), garv (pride, honour), galbh

    (bold)

    dumu (son, daughter) suunu (son, daughter),tanaya(son)

    munus (a woman) manushi (a woman), manuji (a woman),

    vanita (a woman)

    dam (a wife) da (a wife), dam (a house=a wife)


    daara(a wife)

    an (the sky) vaana (nabha-the sky), ina (the Sun)

    dingir (deity) dinakara (the Sun), dinasrii (the day Sun)

    Its plural is dingir dingir Note the repeat symbols in Bharata seals.

    Ashur (sky god) asura (the Sun), suurya (the

    Sun),iisvara(god)

    Inanna (goddess of love

    and war) ina (the Sun, Yama), anna (the Sun)

    Marduk (god of light) Marut (wind god),Sarasvati(goddess of

    light),Dharma(god of death)

    Martu (god of storm) Marut (wind god)

    Suen (Moon god) soma(the Moon)

    Utu(Sun god) vasu (agni,the Sun), udu (a star), Vaasava

    (Indra). Refer the stars on Bharata seals like

    H-179, M-305 etc.

    Taaraka(a star) is Sakra(Indra).

    Ninurta (Lord Plough) Nirurti (Mriti-death. It represents the setting

    Sun of the day in the south-west angle. Hala

    is a plough, but kaala is darkness, the god of

    death and time).Halaayudha is Balaraama.

    si (country) jyaa (the earth,a mother),desa(a place)

    gu (a bull) go, gau (a bull)


    sar (a period of 3600 years) varsha (a year of 360 days), taara (a star, a

    lunar or solar asterism of 130201), kaala

    (time)

    Namma (mother goddess) amba (father), ambaa (mother),

    anna (the Sun)

    ziggurat (temple) kshetra (a temple), ghara (a house), svarga

    (the heavens)

    na (and) na (neither, nor)

    Sherida (a mother goddess

    and consort of the Sun) saarada(a year, Sarasvati,

    Durga),sarat(autumn)

    cresh (under) adhara (adhas-below)

    Ishtar (queen of the heavens) Dasra (asvins), usra (dawn, the Sun. The

    Asvins signify the dawn),srii(the

    Sun),Rudra,Mitra,Indra.

    ti (life) ja (life), jyaa (the earth), jiiva (life)

    eme-sal (speech, women’s

    language) samsaara (speech-Malayalam), nanaa

    (woman)-srii (word, speech).

    nin (lady-hen) nanaa (mother, daughter, speech),

    nari (naari-a woman),pen(a lady-

    Malayalam)

    igi (eye) go (eye), iiksh (to see),aksha(eye)


    hal-zi-ki (a vessel) kalasa (a vessel), cashaka (a cup)

    isaaru (a husband) ishta (a husband),iisvara(lord,god)

    hattaru (a spear) kadara ( a sword)

    susur (a leather cap) siirshaka (a cap)

    aqaru (be dear) akarsh (to attract)

    sibbu (girdle) pas (to bind),paasa(a cord,a rope)

    gir-su-si (an animal) carii (an animal), mriga (an animal)

    an-kal (form, statue) anga (a limb, body)

    shar (a year) varsha (a year)

    an-ki (heaven and earth, universe) vana (sky)-ku (jyaa-the earth). Pan-ca (five)

    is pra-pan-ca. Hence the pancabhuutas make

    the universe.

    panca pan(vana)-ca(ku-jyaa;sa-like,god).

    Tree Worship

    Like the Bharats (Ref: seals: DK 1909, H-188, H-178 B, H-179, M-1186 etc.) the

    Sumarians too worshipped the tree(dru=srii). The story of the Huluppu tree with which

    Inanna made a pukku(cf.kakubh-a part of the Indian lute) and a mikku which she

    presented to Gilgamesh is an example. ‘Touch wood’ is a common exclamation of the

    modern world when we invoke good and forbid evil. Wood is good,food and god. Touch

    is tozhu (worship) as in kuliccu tozhu (bathe and worship-Malayalam).A tree (dru) is srii
    (the Sun, light) and vriksha (a tree) is prakaasa (light), purusha (a man), praja (a child)

    and preksha (viewing, seeing). Hence seeing a tree is seeing god.

    huluppu -> pipala (Ficus Religiosa, ha=pa)

    huluppu -> bilva(Eagle Marmelos), kuuvala (Malayalam/Tamil)

    huluppu -> suuriya (the Sun), udipu (rise)

    The huluppu(paadapa-a tree) can be one of these two-pipala or bilva. <<Since the

    Egyptians have chosen the bata (pipala-vatavriksha) for their version of the story, it is

    more probable that hulupu is pipala (pipala-prabhaa-light). The bata (vata) has the same

    sense (bata - bhadra-a bull, light, great) >>


    5 . THE EGYPTIANS AND THE BHARATS

    An hour holds a thousand years of history . Look at the sunrise at 6 a.m in New Delhi. It

    rises over Baghdad (Mesopotamia) 1.5 hours later and over

    Cairo (Egypt) 3 hours later approximately. We have seen that the golden age of Sumerian

    history began with the arrival of the mud brick making people from the east. According

    to Bharata belief man is the spirit of the Sun on the earth. Look at the following terms:

    Sun - man

    Agni - asmi(aadmi -a man)

    Srii - the Sun, a person

    Like the sunrise which is 3 hours later, it took the Mehrgarhians (Bharats

    ca.6500BCE) 3000 years to reach Egypt. Their arrival is marked by the appearance of the

    mud brick making people in Egypt ca. 3000 BCE. We can call this the Bharata

    (sunrise, the Bharats) shift. Historians(AEMH pp 1-56) say a new wave of

    BRICKMAKING people arrived in Egypt around 3000 BCE from the East and they

    were responsible for the sudden changes in the various facets of Egyptian civilization like

    the new and improved methods of agriculture, building of canals for irrigation, building

    of the pyramids etc. They were a brick making people and their early tombs at Abydos

    were constructed of brick and wood (compare with the simple coffin burial of the

    Mehrgarhians). Brick continued in use until King Djoser of the Third Dynasty which

    began around 2700 BCE had constructed of stone, for his tomb, the earliest Egyptian

    pyramid near Memphis (Miina-fish! nabhas-the sky-where the sun king rests!).
    Growing communities with Babylonian beliefs settled in the north. .......They were

    SUN WORSHIPPERS whose religion ultimately gained ascendancy all over Egypt.Sun

    worship was imported from Asia and probably from Babylonia<<AEMHp.31>>. A

    masterful people also appeared in Upper Egypt who had ABSORBED a culture from a

    REMOTE civilization. They were armed with weapons of copper and made their earliest

    settlement at Edfu (For Sumer it is Eridu ).Were these people

    Abraham(Brahma,pranava),Isaac(Visaakha,Isis),Israel(Indra) and their descendants(the

    branch of the Bharats who reached Egypt via Sumer)?

    Let us assume for a moment that these people were indeed the descendantsof the

    Mehrgarhians and hence their language should contain words from Bharata. We have

    already seen how the gods were depicted as birds, humans or animals based on Bharata

    terms. Now look at the following words:

    A FEW EGYPTIAN WORDS

    Egyptian Bharata

    awt (length of time) abda (a year)

    ara (drive away) ra (to go), ara (speedy), at (to wander), ari

    (wheel)

    asra (roast) sraa (to cook), srii (to cook, the Sun), asira

    (fire),asara(fire)

    atf (be crowned) adhipa (lord)

    imaht (honour) mahatva (honour)

    imw (ship) naava (boat),nau(boat)


    ist (palace) vasati (a house), swastika (a rich man’s

    house),asta(death,a house)

    itrw (seasons) Ritu (seasons)

    csa (many) dasa (ten), sata (hundred)

    wat (road) paatha (road)

    wrt (Great One, crown of Egypt) bhadra (king,a bull, great), bharata (fire),

    vritta (circle) cf. see the bhadra (wrt - o)

    symbol upon the forehead of the priest king

    in DK1909.Its equivalent is the snake(badra-

    >sarpa) symbol on the forehead of the

    Egyptian Pharaoh.Purusha(a man is a

    vrisha(a bull).The kuri(bindi) or naama worn

    by a Hindu is a wrt. The relation of the

    Egyptians to the Bharats is clearly indicated

    here.

    wsr (strong, powerful) bhadra (a king,a bull, great), vajra (hard),

    varada (granting wishes), praata (morning),

    sraya (protection), sreya (fame)

    wrrt (crown) bhadra (head, greatking,a bull,a circle or

    cipher),vajra(the weapon of Indra),vetra(

    a sceptre).Acrozier usually has a bent and a

    cross inside it to make it bhadra(a king)and

    cakra(Sakra,raksha).
    wht (Osiris) ahas(day),dahana(fire),deva(god),

    matsa(fish,Pisces).

    Wsir(Osiris) usra(dawn,bull),bhadra(bull,great one,

    fire), ajara(fire)

    wsr (strong, wealthy) bhadra (strong, great), pajra (strong,

    wealthy)

    bt (run) pada (foot)

    pr (house) pura (house, town, palace)

    pss (divide) bhaj (divide)

    psd (shine) bhasat (Sun),bhaasa(light)

    myt (a drink) madya (alcoholic drink)

    mwt (mother) maa (mother), maatri(mother), maataa

    (mother)

    mr (pyramid) mri (death),nara(a man). In fact pyramid is

    pramiida (dead) and was built to worship

    praata (prabhaata-dawn) through the pareta

    (dead). Sava (corpse) is tava (sakti-power),

    japa (prayer),saya(sex)and Vaasava(Indra).

    Bhaata (dawn) also is tava and sava.

    mh (respect someone) mah (to worship)

    n (we, us, our) na (us),naa( man)


    nt (crown) naatha (leader), netaa (leader)

    ni (drive away) nii (lead)

    nw (time) nu(time),nava(worship),

    vana(tree),mani(time-Malayalam)

    nk (copulate) kaama (copulation), jan (birth), naaga

    (snake), gana (group), gama (intercourse).

    Look at the snake introduced for the sin of

    origin.

    ntr (god) netra (eye); nii (to lead)-traa (to

    protect),traana(protection),tarani(the

    Sun),sarana(refuge),naatra(Siva),

    cf.dingir of Sumerians Indra (the Sun), Mitra (the Sun). Indra is

    netra (eye) and ntr (god).

    ra (mouth) ra (fire, sound, light, sight, motion),

    rava(voice),paa(to drink)

    The hieroglyph for ra is the sign of the lips

    (mouth) which is speech signified by both

    fish and vis (bird) in Bharata.Bhaksh(eat) is

    bhaash (talk).

    Ra (Sun-God) ra-vi( the Sun),ra(agni,man).The priest- king

    assumed himself to be the Sun god.

    rc (Sun) srii (the Sun), raaja (king), ras (to sound),

    rasa (tongue)
    rmt (man) marta (man),nara(man)

    rk (time of kings, ancients etc) ric (praise, verse).The Rig veda is veda

    (paatha-study) of rk (ancients and kings). Rk

    (in these times) also agrees with itihaasa (iti-

    like this, katha-story, narration). Ric being

    rkh (light, fire) and vrisha (a bull) the bull is

    shown to signify the Bharats (bhadra-fire,

    bull). Also usha (dawn) is uksha (bull) and

    ukta (speech) is uksha (bull).

    rd (foot) pada(foot;ra-pa=bhadra).Hence racing on a

    ratha (chariot) can be walking on foot also.

    hw (food) yaaga, hava (sacrifice-food for the fire god),

    srava (food)

    Hr (Horus) Hara (fire, Siva,Rudra), Hari (fire, Indra),

    srii (fire,the Sun), kaala (time), hora (hour)

    hrt (sky, tomb) svarga (sky). The dead goes to the svarga

    (heaven) which is hrt (tomb). Svarga in itself

    is su(good)-agra (end). RIP (rest in peace) is

    smasaana (grave;samaadhaana-

    peace).Nirvaana (moksha of Budhists) is

    niryaana (death). Naraka (hell) also is agra

    (end) or harana (marana-death). Right from

    Mehrgarh through Sumer to Egypt the


    priests preached about after life through

    such play on words. The Egyptian priests

    glorified the dead bodies and afterlife to

    worship the Sun.

    Hsat (a cow goddess) Daksha (a god with the face of a ram)

    Srii (god) being carii (animal), Refer the seal DK13013<<DTIS p

    animal forms were given to the 235 Fig13.14>>

    gods

    hay (altar) yaaga (sacrifice), haya (horse, seven),

    Aja(ram), ih(bull). Hence the sacrifice is

    mainly of haya (horse), ih (bull) and aja

    (ram). The number of pillars of the altar is

    also haya (seven). The yaaga itself is a

    sacrificial horse (haya). In the Bharata seal.

    M-1186 usha (dawn) is shown by the haya

    (seven,horse) yoshaas (women) .The

    sacrificial asva(the bull)had to mate with a

    yoshaa to make udaya (sunrise) a saya(sex )

    in the yaaga.

    Hnsw (khons-Moon god) ha (moon), Soma (Moon), hamsa (Sun)


    hnt (face) vadana (face), monta (face-Malayalam).

    Egyptian mnt (swallow) is montuka (drink)

    in Malayalam. Egyptian mntat (pottery

    vessel) is called monta (a jar) in Malayalam.

    Mukha (face) is nauka (a boat). The

    Malayalam words (cuntu-lips), mintuka (to

    speak) are all related to “sound” and in turn

    to hnt and mhnt. The severe droughts in

    Mesopotamia ca. 2000 BC resulted in the

    migration of these people to Bharata and to

    S. India. Hence the Dravidian concentration

    in S. India and their trade contacts with

    Egypt and later Rome. The Bharata symbol

    for face hence appears as anose, jar ,

    boat , a bird and a bull.

    s (door bolt) sa (snake, bird, god,wall, division). Door

    bolt is a raksha (protection) which is called

    saaksha (=raksha) in Malayalam (ra-sa).

    Saaksha is sa (bird)-aksha (yoke-bar).

    sa (amulet,protection,phyle of priests) sa (raksha, amuletcf .), sha (heaven), sa

    (sabha-group, sena-army)

    sdr (spend the night) satra (an inn)


    s (lake) ka (water), pa (water), ma (water), ha

    (water),na(water),ja(light),sa(wall)

    st(hundred) sata (hundred)

    sa (field) sa (fence), ha (sky), kha (field)

    sw(Sun, sunlight) asva (Sun, dawn, bull, horse),

    sva(tomorrow), sava(Sun), vasu(Sun),

    Vasava(Indra)

    ka(soul) ka (light)

    kchw(sunshine) kaasa (light)

    kh (jar) ukha (vessel)

    kd (pot) ghata (pot), hasta(hand), kuta (pot –

    Malayalam).

    gy (an offering) yaj (to worship, to give an offering) yaaga

    (sacrifice, offering)

    trp ( a bird) patra (wing),patera(a bird)

    da (copulate) da(a wife),saya (copulation)

    diwt (five parts, gang of five) divasa (day with its five parts), devata (deity),

    diipta (lighted), hasta (hand with five fingers.

    hasta = panca = five) cf :seal H-182.


    db(horn of animal) dva(two),deva(god), diva (day, sky), rava (the

    Sun,sound),pada(feet), (sa) – db (horn)-

    sabda(sound).Sabda- db(horn)-ja (born). The

    sound of the horn (shofar) or conch (horn) is

    AUM.

    dcm (a sceptre) masta (head) , amsa (power),dasma(lord)

    dw (mountain) da (mountain)

    Just compare M-1186 with the Sed festival theme and the word hay(altar) given

    above.Their chief god Ra – bird is Bharata ra-vi.Their Isis is Bharata aja.

    Their Osiris(Serapis) or Apis(hapis-aspa) is Bharata Savitri denoted by the

    mahisha(matsa).Seraph(prabhaa) is a six winged angel and note the Harappan

    deities with six locks of hair(six Ritus) fighting the bull.Yodana(contest)

    shows udaya(rise).It is the fight of Osiris and Seth(usra-teja=shine of the

    rising Sun).Their Horus is Bharata vrishaa(Indra = Rudra,varsha).

    Osiris(varsha,bhadra = king) was to be killed every

    (thirty = trimsat = savitri = srii- matsa) year and his body

    was to be eaten.This is because the Ritu(Osiris) cycle ends in Pisces.Osiris

    was to be reborn in three days to denote the sunset of the old year and sunrise
    of the new year separated by a raatri(night) which is raa(na=naktaa=night)-

    tri(three).One(srii) is three(tri).The Egyptian priests used to partially shave of

    their hair to make a bhadra(circle = patta) and note the bhadra on the forehead

    of the Harappan priest king.The Brahmins shave theit hair to make their

    puurvasikha or the pascimasaakha also. They used to wear white(bhadra)

    robes(like the robes of the Christian priests) to denote the white Sun and

    the pavitra(saavitra) worn by the Bharadvijas.They used to have ritual

    bathing in the river Nile.Note the Great Bath of Harappa used for the saavitra

    bathing and the Deepaali bathing in the month of Asvina(narakacaturdasi).

    The location of Egyptian and Assyrian mummies at Lothal

    further establishes the link between the cultures.Along with trade

    there was exhange of knowledge in all fields including religion and riuals.

    The Christian traditions also have the same roots through Mitraism

    (cf.Dr.S.Radhakrishnan:Eastern religion and western thought :5.3 Roman

    empire and the cult of Mitraism) .


    6. THE TODA LANGUAGE AND BHARATA

    We have seen the influence of Bharata on the Sumerian and Egyptian languages.

    Let us now look up for the Bharata influence on a primitive Dravidian language, namely,

    the TODA.

    ‘The Toda language is considered to be a dialect of the development of Turanian

    speech styled Dravidian, the language of a group of primitive, illiterate and perhaps war

    like tribes who, between three thousand and four thousand years ago migrated from tracts

    of Western Asia and penetrating India, probably through Baluchistan and the natural

    waterlines of the country, filled all its western and southern districts,pushing before them,

    in some periodof their advance, the various tribes of the Kol aborigines’<<APATD>>.

    This statement though made in the 19th century is only validated further by the

    latest research findings. There were severe droughts in Mesopotamia around 2000

    BC which led to increase in salinity of the soil and decrease in agricultural productivity.

    There was a major depopulaton of Southern Mesopotamia, leading to the collapse of the

    Sumerian culture. During the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, there was a major

    shift in population from Southern Mesopotamia towards the north and the

    population in the area declined by nearly 3/5(SWP:p.6). Severe starvation caused

    the migration of these people into Baluchistan. Their entry into Harappa began

    around 2000 BC when the Harappan civilization itself was struggling and waning

    due to the change in course of the rivers and seismic calamities.


    Dravidian migration to Bharata began towards the close of the third millennium

    B.C.Suunarii=Shinar=Sumer = Tamil. Dra(su)vi(me)da(ru) is derived from

    Dramila(dra-running,nara –man cf.2000BCE migration), or sira(head)-niila(black).

    This is black – headed . The Sumerians called themselves sag-giga ( the black-

    headed people) .That Tamil(Sumer) by itself is a Sanskrit term points to the

    migration of the Sumerians through Bharata and subordination to the Bharats with

    consequential loss of identity. This explains the existence of Dravidian Brahui in the

    north,concentration of Dravidians in South India , the similarity of several Rigvedic

    terms to Tamil terms ,the existence of Dravidian terms in Brahmana compositions

    etc.One of the reasons for the down fall of Sumer was the rise of the Akkadian empire

    under the leadership of Sargon(2334-2279BC).He may have annexed Meluhha also as it

    is said “ships form Meluhha, ships from Magan and ships from Dilmun, he (ie., Sargon)

    made lay anchor at the harbour of Akkad”<<DTIS Page14>> It is also stated that

    towards the end of the rule of Naram –Sin (2254-2218 BC), the grandson of Sargon, a

    Meluhha king was among the many kings rebelled against him.Now

    Meluhha - Velicca (light – Dravidian),melukaah(royalty,king-Hebrew),Baluch(who

    migrated to Sindh?)

    Velicca – bharatha (light),bhadra(king)

    Hence Meluhha can be Bharata (Meluhha is not the Sanskrit

    ‘mleccha’ a word of later origin and probably unknown to the

    Akkadians. However the Dravidian mel-aka(upper country)

    seems possible. Naturally with the conquest the Semitic

    people,the Sumerians and even Egyptians began to travel


    more and more to Bharata. This is borne by the mummified

    remains of an Assyrian and an Egyptian corpse at Lothal.

    <www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothal>

    In the Kurukshetra war the Paandavas (baandhava –

    relative)- relatives of the Kauravas defeated them under the

    leadership of Krishna (the black man or black- headed man).

    We have seen that both Dravida and sag-giga has the same

    sense as ‘Krishna’.

    Now look at the name of the Akkadian conqueror Sargon.

    Sargon --- Krsna, Sakra(Indra,Arjuna)

    The cultural changes that took place in the Harappan

    civilization around this time also points to such a

    possibility.Krishna belonged to the Yaadava community.

    Look at the words:

    Yadu, Yaadava --- Akkad

    They are also similar like the Sargon – Krsna pair.

    Does this mean that Vyaasa had in mind the exploits of Sargon

    when he narrated the Kurukshetra war? Of course, the king

    being the Sun God, the exploits of the king were the exploits of

    the Sun God. If we take 2327 BC as the period of Sargon’s

    conquest of Harappa, just add 2000 years and we come to 327

    BC, the year when another great conqueror from the West,
    Alexander the Great, conquered Bharata. Add another 2000

    years and we come to another era of western conquest, namely

    the beginning of the British conquest of India. Will history

    repeat in AD 3673? We will not be there to see!

    Their sojourn in Harappa was not long and peaceful as there would have been

    frequent fights between them and the Bharats who were much advanced in civilization.

    However this explains the presence of Dravidian Brahui in the Harappan region and

    the similarity of several Rigvedic terms to Tamil terms. Unable to withstand the

    pressure of the vedic people the Dravidians migrated to the south in search of fertile lands

    and green pastures for their cattle and sheep. The Bharata (vedic) civilization continued in

    the north into the historical period without any break. However as a result of the sojourn of

    the Dravidian tribes, their blood mixed with that of the Bharata groups and the present day

    north India has a large Dravidian substratum.

    The advancement to the South was also not exclusively on Dravidian lines.

    Probably there were Bharata leaders for them as the Dravidians adopted for themselves the

    superior religious and social practices of the Bharats leading to cultural subordination. The

    Raamaayana story where Raama(Deva) leads an army of vaanaras (monkeys) to Lanka

    (Ganga-gagana-the sky and the South) in search of his wife Siita (desa-land), though a

    solar(king was god) story, has a historical parallel here.

    Marshall had further pointed out that “In the case of the Dravidians… that a

    possible early contact with the Aryas… rendered Sanskrit, especially in regard to all pious

    notions and reverent observances, influential amongst them…difficult to determine at what


    early period this Dravidian branch of the Turanian tree had first been biased through the

    superior religious instinct of the Arya”. Now it is clear that this contact began around

    2000BC when they entered Baluchistan and sojourned among the Bharats.

    The Todas were the least cultivated of the Dravidian(Turanian) races and the Toda

    language had no compositions, written or unwritten. Hence a study of their language will

    reveal how Bharata has influenced them for the past 4000 years.

    TODA BHARATA

    atham (he) ada (that, this), sa (he).Adam is the first

    . man according to the Bible.

    om (we) vayam (we)

    naad (wet) naara (water)

    pui (strike) bhuja (hand)

    boath (a conical temple) vaasa (a house)

    bhuut (a demon) bhuut (a demon)

    asvom (Sunday) asva (Sun, sunshine, dawn)

    utsh (five) uksha (bhuja, hasta, panca, bhadra-five)

    aal (man) anu (man), aanava (man)


    et-ud (big) udaatta (great)

    birsh (hot) bharatha (fire)

    vonag (dry) agna (fire)

    tekan (male) deha (body), deva (deity)

    tokh (female) yosha (female)

    belthi, belp (white) bhadra (white)

    ver (other) dra (split apart), apara (other),para (other)

    perud (great) bhadra (great)

    en (father, priest)

    cf: Sumerian-en (priest) nii (to lead), ina (the Sun)

    karth (laugh) has (laugh)

    nar (walk) ra (to go),at(to go)

    tash (give) da (give)

    gei (do, make) kri (to do, make)

    il (not) na (not)

    pok (go) ga ( go)

    adi (a foot) pada (foot)


    kuutasaaram (family) kuutaagaaram (kuuta-a house)

    varsh (a young man) purusha (a man), bhadra (a man), vrisha (a

    bull)

    mokh (son, boy) sakhaa (a friend), suunu (son)

    appn (father) amba(father),

    avv(mother) ambaa(mother),maa(mother).Havvaa is the first

    woman –the wife of Adam- according to the

    Bible.

    it (spear) aayudha(weapon),sara(arrow),koti(spear)

    virzh (bow) vajra (weapon of Indra), vakra (curve), vritta

    (circle), varsha (shower)

    aabu (arrow) ishu (arrow), bhuva (sky-bow), baana (arrow)

    balle (net) bhadra (net), na (net) ,va(net)

    nai (dog) svaana (dog)

    puursh (tiger) purusha (man), suura (tiger)

    bilti (bird) patrii (bird)


    miin (fish) niir (water), srii (light, Sun) cf: in Egyptian

    hieroglyph fish is shown with water to denote

    ‘n’

    aarsh (house) aalaya (house)

    vorsh (fire place) bharatha (fire)

    paal ( milk) bhadra (white),rava(the Sun),pa(water)

    paalaal (milk man, ruler) paal (milk, to rule)

    nei (ghee) srii (fire),na(fire)

    madd (head) masta (head)

    konmun (face) mukha (face)

    kannu (eye) kan (to shine), pas (to see),mukha(face)

    mituf (nose) nasta (nose), naasa (nose)

    bai (mouth) paa (to drink)

    kevi (ear) srava (ear), rava (sound)

    parsh (tooth) bhadra (white, rock)

    kei (hand) kara (hand),paani(hand)

    kaal (foot) pada (foot)


    belh (finger) bhadra(finger),kara (hand),paani(hand)

    baakh (blood) raaga (red), rakta (blood)

    der, swaami, usuru (God, Lord) srii (the Sun), suurya (the Sun)

    amnor (heaven) nabha(the sky),vaana(heavens), vyoma (the

    sky)

    sari (right) srii (the Sun, auspiciousness)

    paapam (sin) paapa (sin)

    dsivl (life) jiiva (life)

    div (breath) svaas (breath)

    tirieri (Toda sanctum) srii (the Sun) – vedi (place,altar)

    ture (sacred shrub) dru (tree),darbha(kusa)

    paalaal (head- priest, milkman) paal (to rule)-anu (man)

    vorshal (sacrificing priest) hotri(a priest),adhvaryu( a priest), ritvik (a

    priest)

    shaastra (religious custom) saastra (science),sruti(veda)

    aadhaarm (place of final obsequies) aadhaaram(base),mrita(dead),Dharma (god of

    death)
    nirrzh (human ashes) srii (fire)

    buudi (ashes) bhuuti (ashes)

    naal (day) srii (Sun), naara (water)

    vaar (a year) varsha (a year), vaara (day)

    belkaashk (dawn) prakaasa (light), prabhaata (dawn)

    biirshabaat (sunrise) prabhaata (dawn)

    cf.Beersheba(Genesis:21.14)

    pachal (day time, noon) bhaga (Sun), ahas (day)

    ekar vaashk (sunset) agra(end),paksha(part),astagamana (sunset)

    madujaama (midnight) madhya (mid)-yaamaa (night)

    biirsh (Sun) srii (Sun), bhadra (bull), purusha ( a man),

    vrisha (a bull,Indra), vrishaa(Indra).The

    Harappans worshipped the Sun as Indra and

    this indicates the contact of the Todas with

    them during the Vedic Period.

    baan (sky) nabha(sky),vaana (sky)

    belak, belk (light) prabhaa (light),prakaasa(light)

    irzh (darkness) raatri (night)


    mlaa (rain) varsha (rain)

    kaattu (wind) vaayu (wind)

    pall, ebball (bracelet) bhadra (bracelet)

    nebbu, ditth (fire) srii (fire) ,ravi(the Sun)

    kavich (necklace) kavaca(shield).Many of the Harappan

    inscriptions portray kavacas.

    belth (finger ring) bhadra (a ring)

    ditu (hill) da (hill)

    kli (valley) giri (hill)

    par (river) sara (water) cf.Sarasvati ,vaari(water),

    pa(water)-ra(going)

    men (forest, tree) vana (tree)

    tuure (bush) dru (tree)

    pullu (grass) ulapa (a plant), patra (leaf)

    puu (flower) pushpa (flower),suuna(flower)

    pom (fruit) phala (fruit)

    niir (juice) niira (water)


    vom (weekday) vaaram (weekday)

    The Dravidians adopted the Bharata terms into their vocabulary as a result of their

    sojourn in Harappa along with the Bharatas .

    Tamil was proposed as a candidate for the Harappan language mainly(1) from the

    absence of horse bones in Harappa whereas Rigvedic culture was linked to the

    horse.This arose from the misunderstanding of the term asva by scholars. The vedic

    asva is not the modern horse.It is avasa(king,food,sun,sabda) and mahisha(water

    buffalo).(2) The presence of so called Dravidian terms in the Rigveda etc.Here also the

    scholars went the wrong way.

    Even the term Tamil is a Sanskrit term. Many basic Tamil words have their root

    in Bharata. Eg. Tala(head)-saras(head), kai(hand)- kara(kri),muka(face)-

    mukha(face),ilai(leaf)-sira(patra-leaf),maram(tree)-vana(tree),tii(fire)-

    srii(fire),vellam(water)-bhadra(pa=water,sara-water),taay(mother)-

    ja(birth,father),arici(rice)-srii(to cook,srava –food),kotumai(wheat)-godhuuma(ku,su-

    soma ->bhojana–poshana-bhakshana=adana=eat=wheat),hala(plough)-siira(dri-to

    split), langala(ploughshare)-sangama(union,mangala-fire,naama-hala) ,miina(fish) –

    niira(water), aatu(goat)-aja(ram,eda-goat),vaayu(air)-vaayu(air) ,manuja(man)

    manushya(man) etc.

    We can also see that many of the sripts emloy the rebus principle in Bharata terms

    and refers literally to bharata. Hence l decipherments based on Tamil can lead to a

    partial success only.


    7.HEBREW AND BHARATA
    Bharata enjoyed the status of an international language right from the

    beginning of civilization . This is proved further by the following comparison of

    Hebrew (ivrit) and Bharata words.

    Hebrew Bharata

    aab (father) av (to save), pa (to protect, to rule), appa

    (father-Malayalam)

    ebus (manger) pasu (cattle)

    yaah (Yahweh) yahva (lord)

    aabel (mourning, meadow) vilaapa (mourning), aalaapa (speech), lap (to

    speak)

    mayim (waters) ma (water), niir (water)

    Abraahaam (father of many) Brahmaa (the creator),vipra(wise,Brahmin)

    pranava, griha(house),graama (a village)

    iggeret (letter,document) akshara (letter, alphabet)

    aadar (to prove one self aadara (respect, honour)

    majestic)

    aharon (Aaron) aruna (the Sun at early dawn)

    ud (burning stick) ush (to burn), usha (dawn, day)

    uzay (yahweh has given ear) udaya (sunrise)

    or (to shine, light,day) ra (the Sun,fire), usha (dawn,day)


    ah (fire pot) aga (the Sun)

    ittiym (spirits of the dead) aatmaa (soul)

    iys (man) sha (man)

    el (god cf. Allah) La (Indra),el(light-Malayalam), Ina (the

    Sun) ,anna (the Sun),alla(god)

    aalap (to teach, to instruct) aalap (decribe, speak,sing) cf.alpha

    em (mother, grand mother) maa(mother),amma (mother-Malayalam),

    ambaa (mother)

    emer (word) varna (alphabet)

    anu (we) na (we), anu (man)

    enos (man, mankind) anu (man), manusha(man)

    oniy (ships) nau (ship)

    orah (road) ra (to go)

    ariy ,aryeh (lion) hari (lion)

    eres (world, earth) dhara (the earth)

    es (fire, flame) teja (light), iisa (god),sa(god)

    issaah (woman, wife) yoshaa (woman)

    isseh (offering made by fire) yaj(to sacrifice),yajna (sacrifice),

    havis (oblation by fire)

    beer seba (seventh well) prabhaata (dawn)

    Bel (lord) paala (lord)

    baal (master) paala (lord)

    baar (to light a fire) rava (the Sun), hara (fire), bharata (fire)
    baasar (fortify) bhadra (fortified, safe custody)

    bosraah (pen, sheep-fold) bhadra (enclosure), vraja (a cow-

    pen), vrisha (a bull)

    baaqa (to divide) bhaaga (division)

    daab ( sorrow) taapa (sorrow)

    daabar (to say, speak) vada (to speak), bharata (speech), vacana

    (speech)

    haa (she) saa (she) cf Hawwaah(Eve)

    zaabah (to offer a sacrifice, dava (fire), taapa (cheat), sava (dead body),

    to slaughter) zava(yaaga), yaaga (sacrifice)

    zemaan (time) samaya (time)

    heres (the Sun), Sakra (Indra)

    harsaah (the Sun)

    yaah (LORD), yhwh (LORD) yahva (Lord)

    yehudaah (Jew, praised) udaya (sunrise),dvija(a Brahmin)

    yehosep (Joseph-he will add), ushapa (the Sun), ushas (dawn)

    yosep (Joseph)

    yom (day, today) samaya (time), ina (the Sun), dina

    (day)

    yizre el (god will sow) Indra (the Sun) -ina (the Sun);

    usra(srii) – la(Indra)

    yaasor (instructor) aacaarya (a teacher), vetra (a stick)


    karsena (black) krishna (black)

    keter (crown, crest) kiriita (crest, trader)

    lo (no, not) na (not, nill)

    lewiy (Levite) ravi (the Sun)

    muul (to undergo sona (blood), suura (the Sun), soma

    circumcision), muulaah (the Moon),suna

    (circumcision cf: Moses) ( auspicious,Indra =Israel)

    It is also called

    brit milah .

    mosaa (going out, sunrise) mocana (liberation), muc (to liberate),

    moksha (emancipation)

    Hence Israel - Indra - was

    liberated under the

    leadership of Moses -

    mosaa -

    mosaa aah (origin, coming out)

    mosiya (saviour, deliverer) Vasava (Indra)

    mosaa aah (act of salvation) muc (to liberate), moksha

    (emancipation)

    matbeha (place of slaughter) medha (sacrifice), vedha (killing),

    mith (to kill)

    melukaah (kingship, royalty bharata (bhadra-king)

    cf: Meluhha)
    melek (king) paalaka (ruler),naayaka(lord)

    Molek (Molech – a god, a shameful bharana (rule), nripa (a king), Muruka

    king) (a god), suurya (the Sun), Durga (the

    Sun)

    maa seyaah (Maaseiah – Yahweh Vaasava (Indra)

    is a refuge), maaseyaahu (Yahweh

    is a refuge)

    massebaah (sacred stone pillar, Vaasava (Indra),

    cf. the hero stones), massebet bhaasana (light),

    (sacred upright stone) paashaana (stone)

    maa saah (to squeeze out) sava (to squeeze out), dama (oppress)

    massaah (unleavened bread) medha (sacrifice), mesha (Aries), quarrel)

    Vaasavamedhaa (Asvamedha) is

    feast of massaah (unleavened bread) for

    the Jews. Udaya as yuddha( quarrel or

    strife) and vijaya is also implied.

    moseh (Moses – cf. muulaah – usha (dawn), moksha (the sky), mula

    circumcision, mosaa – sunrise) (sprout – Malayalam)

    maasiyha (anointed one, the medha (a yaaga, sacrifice), Vasava

    Anointed one – Christ) (Indra)

    misqol (weight), misqaal (weight) masa (weight), nishk (to weigh),

    nishka (a kind of weight)


    nebo (Mount of Nabu, height) nabha (the sky)

    naagah (to shine), naga (the Sun), raaj (to shine)

    nehaaraah (beaming light) mihira (the Sun), neram (the

    Sun – Malayalam), njaayar (the Sun –

    Malayalam)

    nun (fish) miina (fish), niira (water), miin (fish –

    Malayalam)

    nimrod (an arrow, the mighty Drona (the archer), taruna (a youth)

    warrior and hunter as per Genesis:10)

    naar (young man) nara (a man cf.raama,lama)

    naabiy (prophet) ravi (the Sun), vaani (word, speech)

    naasaah (to be laid waste) naasa (ruin)

    nesah (juice = blood) medha (juice of meat, cf:

    Asvamedha)

    naasiy (ruler, chief) naatha (leader), raaja (a king)

    sahar (roundness) cakra (a wheel)

    sus (male horse) asva (horse), aspa (horse)

    sela (rock) sila (rock)

    saargon(firm,faithful king) Krishna (the Sun),Sakra(the Sun)

    saarap (to burn) bharata (fire)


    seter(shelter) satra(a house)

    aab (clouds) ap (water),abda(clouds)

    erek (estimated value) argha (price)

    peh (mouth) paa (to drink, to rule), pii (to drink)

    peter (first born), bhadra (fire, a rock, a king),

    paasah (to passover), vesa (entry), Vaisaakha (Aries),

    pesah (Passover) bhaata(dawn)

    paasak(pasach – to divide) Vishu (division into two (vi – two, a horse, a

    bird) - shu (birth)

    qorbaan (sacrifice) kurbaana (sacrifice - Malayalam)

    ros (head, leader) sira (head), raaja (a king)

    sibaah (abundance, plenty) siva (auspiciousness, happiness, prosperity)

    sok (branch) saakhaa (branch)

    sokaah (branch)

    saapaah (speech, saapa (curse), bhaasha (language), vaca

    language) (speech), vada (speak), vaada (debate)

    Saaraah (lady of royal Taara (wife of Brihaspati), kalya

    birth, queen) (kaalai – dawn), Strii (a woman), srii (the

    Sun), raaja (a king)

    seba (seven) sapta (seven) ,apta(yagna),abda(year)

    seba (seven, seventy), sapta (seven),divasa(day,seven days)

    sibaanaah (seven)

    seber (grain) , srava (food, wealth, ear, hearing


    sopaar (trumpet, svara (sound), sara

    ram’s horn) (horn)

    sor (bull, ox ) suurya (the Sun)

    taaw (mark on the taya(protection,dava=fire),naama

    (mark on the forehead)

    forehead) = = = =
    8 .THE LIFE OF THE HARAPPANS.
    The life of the Harappans are clearly shown by the Rig,Atharva ,Yajur and Sama

    vedas and the Brahmanas.The language of the mantras was the sacred literary form of

    the Harappan speech(Bharata-Bharadvaaja) and it is not the vernacular which included

    Sumerian(Dravidian) - Akkadian introduced by these migrating and conquering

    tribes.These people people were of various tribes and spoke many dialects.

    ( AV:12.1.45).The mantras were composed in an artificial style with well defined metrical

    forms under the influence of a fully developed literary convention.The vedic language is

    a caste language ,an artificially archaic dialect ,handed down from one generation to the

    other within the class of priestly singers (Macdonnel.Sansk.Lit.p.20).The mantras contain

    ancient,intermediate and modern hymns

    (RV.3.32.13).These masntras were composed to invoke the gods to win

    battles(RV.1.100,2.30),to avert drought(RV.5.68. this shows the period to be the period of

    the drying up of the Sarasvati?),to help to raise crops(AV.6.142),to get long

    life(RV.1.89.9) to satisfy their wants(AV.15.9),to drive out demons and

    diseases(AV.5.22,1.22,3.31),kill enemies (AV.4.18),to stimulate love between indifferent

    lovers(AV.6.130),to charm animals(AV.4.3),to secure wives(AV.9.67.9) and children

    (RV.8.35.10) and to enable enterprises to succeed(AV.7.16).These tribes were mainly the

    Gandharas(cf.Gandharva) on the west,(RV.1.126.7,AV.5.22.14),the Kikatas in the

    east(RV.3.53.14),Magadhas and Angas in the South(AV.5.22.14).The Himavanta

    mountains formed its northern boundary(RV.10.121.4).The Aryas were the

    Bharats.Dasyu(udaya,yuddha,suta,Juda),
    Daasa(desa,raaja),Anaasa(adhama,sama),pani(haani,vaani,paani) ,

    Krishna(griishma,Vritra),Rama(laama,naama) etc. used in the Vedas have to be restudied

    for their actual import and meanings.The Aryas offered oblations(soma-sona,homa) to

    Indra through Agni(RV.7.18.7,8.92.1 Cf. the vedic fire altars seen at Kalibangan) .The

    Dasyus lived in cities(RV.1.53.8,1.103.3) and were wealthy with cows,horses and

    chariots,owned property and were adorned with gold and

    jewels(RV.8.40.6,2.15.4,1.33.4,10.69.6,1.33.8).Indra(Israel) overthrew for his worshipper

    Divodasa(David) a hundred stone castles(RV.4.30.20) of the Dasyus .Agni burnt the cities

    of the Dasyus(RV..7.5.3.Agni=udaya=Dasyu).The fire rites were said to be instituted by

    Angirases(Agni-raaja,retas)(RV.1.71.23,5.11.6) ,the Bhrigus(RV.1.58.6,Kratu,Parasu),

    Manu(RV 1.14.11,1.36.19 ,Soma,Moses),Atharva(svara) and Dadhyak(RV.1.80.16).Agni

    is called Bhaarata in several mantras(RV.2.7.1.5,4.25.4,6.16.19cf.bhaarata in the

    scripts and this is clear proof of the Harappan script and our method of reading the

    script.) and agni is said to shine specially for the Bharatas(RV.5.2.1,6.16.45),the Bharatas

    set agni in the place of prayer,between the Sarasvati and the

    Drishadvati(RV.3.23.4=Harappa=Bhaarata from H=T.Thus like Egyptian of

    Egypt,Sumerian of Sumer,Akkadian of Akkad Bharata was the language of Harappan –

    Bharata.) and India came to be called Bhaarata from the fire worship and the language.

    The people who inhabited the valley were not roving pastoral tribes as claimed by some

    scholars(this applies more rightly to the Dravidian tribes!) but lived in organized society ,

    ruled by kings mentioned by names like Ikshvaaku(RV.10.60.4

    cf.Isaac),Santanu(RV.10.98.1)etc. Kings resided in Purs with a thousand

    columns(RV.2.41.5,5.62.6) and a thousand doors(RV.7.88.5) and they sat on a throne


    (garta) surrounded with ministers(vesasa),spies(spasa),heralds,courtiers and

    messengers.(RV.1.25.10,13;10.40.31.173.10,10.123.6) and the kings were clad in state

    robes(RV.9.71.1cf.nirnija Refer the priestking’s robes).Kings were autocratic

    and their anger was dreaded(AV.6.40.2).The stone castles(RV.4.30.20) and stone walls

    (AV.5.10.7) were not rock but brick as brick(adri,bhadra) is rock.The wooden pillars had

    figures of unrobed girls(RV.4.32.23 cf.the dancing girl and the nude deity inH-3305.

    Ayas(Iron) mentioned in the veda (aayasiipura RV.7.3.7,7.15.14) refer to copper and gold

    as born from ayas(fire).Chariots decked with pearl(krisana RV.1.35.4) and

    gold(RV.1.66.3) driven by asvas(RV.4.37.4 asva=bulls , buffaloes and servants ).Kings

    had several wives(RV.7.18.2,AV.2.36.3 mahishi ). Vadhri(castrated menRV.1.33.6)

    guarded them (cf. the men with vetra –staff in the seals can be such guards also.). Kings

    had royal priests (RV.7.18.22).Kings were elected by the people(AV.3.4.2) and

    consecrated by the priest standing on a tigerskin(AV.4.8.4 Cf. H-94,M-308 etc).The king

    then gave the abhiivarta oblation to the gods(RV.10.174 cf.M-1186).Kings levied heavy

    tributes(bali AV.3.4.3) from the rich.Kings(maghavaa) were callked raajaka, raaja,samraat

    etc based on their grade. Names of some of them are Duhsiima Prithavaana,

    Raama(cf.M-1186),Vena,Taanva,Paarthya,Maayava etc(RV.10.93.14-15).The bulk of the

    people were poor and borrowed money and repaid in instalments

    (RV.8.55.10,8.47.17;AV.6.46.3). Famines were there often(RV.3.8.2;3.53.15 ).

    The chief occupation of the people was agriculture(Cf. from Mehergarh till the present it

    is the same). They ploughed the land with a plough(siira RV.10.101.3 or laangala

    AV.2.8.4).The ploughmen were called kiinaasa(RV.8.20.19).The fields were watered


    by means of irrigation canals(kulya RV.3.45.3;irinaa AV.4.15.12 ) from wells or

    lakes(AV.1.3.7,3.13.9;RV.3.45.3,7.49.2,10.43.7) or by drawing water using a bucket and

    pulley (asmacakram RV.10.101.5.7cf.refer scripts).They reaped the fields with

    sickles(srinii AV.3.17.2RV.10.101.3,parsuAV.12.3.310).They left three sheaves for the

    Gandharvas who guarded the fields(AV.3.24.6cf.H-182).Threshing floors(khala) and

    winnowing baskets (sthivi) were used(RV.10.27.15) and grain was transported in carts to

    the homes(RV.1.9.8) and stored in granaries(RV.2.14.11 CF.the granary in Mohenjodaro).

    The mearure for grain was the khaarii(RV.4.32.17).Their next important profession was

    cattle- rearing. Cattle were kept in gotra(RV.2.23.8),vraja and goshtha(AV.3.11.5,4.21.1)

    .Cow-herds(gopa) took cows out to pasture daily(RV.10.19.45). Water troughs called

    prapaa(RV.6.28.7),drona(RV.5.50.4)or prapaana (AV.7.75.1) were

    provided for them(Refer the drona or prapaana before the Unicorns) .Professional

    milkers were called godhuk.(AV.7.73.6).Draught oxen were castrated with

    claspers(sleshamaana AV.3.9.2) . They reared also goat and sheep(Refer the seals).Rams

    were cooked (RV .27.17) .Wool was collected (RV.1.126.7). Dogs guarded cattle and

    houses and barked at thieves (RV.7.55.3 cf.dogs in the Harappan seals.).Weaving in

    cotton and wool was done by men and women(RV.2.3.6,10.26.6,1.61.8,10.130.1-2).

    The warp was called tantu and the woof was called ota and the shuttle was called tasara

    (RV.6.9.2,10.130.1-2).Carpenters made chariots and carts.The wheels were of solid wood

    (RV.7.32.20).Boats and ships were built(RV.10.101.2 Cf the amulet M-1429).They used

    equipments like mallets(kuutam AV.8.8.10),ladles(sruk,juhuu,dhruvaa

    AV.18.4.5),cups(upabhrit AV.18.4.5),buckets(utaca AV.4.15.6),bowls(camasa

    RV.4.35.2),spears(vasi),swords(asi),hatchets(svadhiti RV.1.162.10),lances(rishti
    RV.8.20.11),axes(parasu,RV. 7.104.21),quivers(nishanga RV.5.57.2),razors(kshura

    RV.1.166.10,8.4.6),helmets(sipraRV.5.54.11),sickles(daatram RV.7.67.10),ploughshares

    (sunaaRV.4.57.5),pots(gharmaa RV.5.30.5),goads(ankusa RV.7.17.10),needles(suucii

    RV.1.191.7),hatchets(kulisa AV.2.12.3),arrows(ishu) winged with feathers(RV.8.66.7)

    and poisoned tips(AV.4.6),gold ornaments(anji

    RV.1.37.2),necklaces(nishka(RV.1.126.2),armlets and anklets(khaadi

    RV.5.53.4,5.54.11),girdles(kakshyaa RV.10.10.13),chains(srakRV.10.53.9),water-

    ewers(kalasam RV.4.32.19),metal bowls(kamsaAV.10.10.5) and golden images of

    kings(RV.8.5.38 Cf.DK1909) etc.The physicians(bhishaks) employed spells and

    medications to cure diseases(AV.6.16,RV.10.97.6).

    A camasa was compared to the skull (AV.10.8.9 .Cf the jar symbol replacing the head

    in scripts). Rishis composed hymns and taught boys to learn them by rote(RV.10.103.5).

    There were male and female dancers(RV.1.130.7,1.92.4 cf the image of the dancing girl),

    spies(RV.7.87.3),barbers(RV.10.142.4),usurers(RV.8.55.10),tamer of

    elephants(AV.3.22),the soothsayer(AV.6.76.2),the fisher(AV.10.4.19),the

    potter(AV.4.17.4),the spell maker etc. Indra was the war god and he was propitiated with

    soma and the fat of buffaloes(asva) and oxen.(RV.6.31.5,10.160.3).War were for

    capturing cattle and women and to punish cattle raiders.(AV.4.24.5,RV.6.22.3,2.12.3).

    Battles were fought for seed and offspring ,waters,kine and cornlands(RV.6.25.4),for

    wives(RV.4.17.16) for pastures and for houses(RV.7.56.22 ).The war of the ten kings

    was between the bands of the Aryas and the Dasas.(RV.7.84.7).The war drum dundubhii

    was sounded to mark the beginning of war.(RV.6.47.31) and the end of it.(RV.1.28.5 cf.

    the drum seals).The defeated enemies were castrated and their genitals
    removed(AV.4.37.7),their vitals pierced (AV.5.8.9),arms chopped(AV.6.65.2) and the

    bodies of the slain thrown into a pit (vailasthaanam .RV.1.133.1).

    The vedic people knew of the sea and export trade as given by the words

    potra(Dravidian: ota),potavanik etc.Those who desired wealth sent ships to the sea

    (RV.1.48.3).References to parties of merchants going on the ocean(RV.1.56.2),

    ships with a hundred oars(RV.1.116.5) going to distant lands for sale and barter

    (AV.3.15.4) etc. indicate the existence of foreign trade with Sumer and even

    Egypt(cf.RV.6.45.31,32&33 mentions Bribu as a great merchant and note its similarity to

    Prabhu and Pharaoh . Archeologists have discovered the bodies of Egyptians at Harappa.

    Though the people were divided into the four castes there was no restriction with regard

    to marriage(AV.5.17.8). Professions were also not restricted to castes.(RV.9.112.3).The

    Brahmanas claimed to be human gods(AV.3.32;6.13.1).The Rishis were seers who

    knew the secret names of the gods by which alone they could be coerced (RV.10.45.2;

    10.55.1 cf.compare this with the same type of belief of the Egyptians) .The houses of the

    rich had four walls(AV.3.7.3),the poor lived in circular huts(AV.3.12.5). House hold items

    included cots(AV.4.5.3cf.see scripts) ,chairs(AV.14.2.65),boxes9RV.10.42.2),leather

    bags(RV.5.44.4),bowls(RV.6.8.13),buckets(AV.4.16.7),sieves(AV.9.6.16),spoons(AV.9.6.1

    7),mortars and pestles(AV.10.9.26) ,hanging bracket of ropes(AV.9.3.6) etc as seen in the

    seals.
    The people ate both animal and vegetable food.Horses(AV.6.71.1),

    bulls(RV.164.43),buffaloes(RV.5.29.7),rams(RV.10.27.17)and goats(RV.1.162.3) were

    eaten.Fish and birds also used to be eaten. Milk products and honey were also eaten.

    Rice, barley, beans and sesamum were the chief vegetable food stuffs.Chariots and carts

    drawn by oxen (AV.3.2.5)or mules(AV.8.8.22) were the chief means of transport.

    The chief amusement of the nobles was chariot racing(RV.9.32.5;8.69.4) .Hunting was

    another hobby.They hunted wild elephants(RV.10.40.4), boars(RV.1.88.5),

    lions(RV.5.74.1) and wild bulls(RV.4.21.8). Gambling was another area of

    interest.(RV.2.12.4).Gambling houses were maintained where meat and liquor

    were served(AV.6.70.1).

    The land was measured (RV.2.15.3)with measuriung rods(RV.3.38.3) and classified as

    barren(AV.7.115.4),waste(AV.7.117.1),forest(AV.12.1.11) and cultivated

    land(RV.8.80.6).Property was inherited.

    Women enjoyed a good social status .Hence it is said from olden time the matron

    goes to feast and general sacrifice(RV.10.86.10).Women seers were there like

    Visvaaraa(RV.5.28),Ghoshaa(RV.10.39.6) etc. The people were very hospitable to their

    srotriya Braahmana guests(RV.1.128.6,AV.9.6.37) who were treated like gods.

    Men wore two clothes(AV.4.7.6,9.10.7,8.2.16. Cf. refer DK1909).The clothes were of

    cotton or wool(RV.5.44.11.as seen by archaeologists.) .Some shaved their

    beard.(AV.6.58).The priests shaved their head leaving a tuft worn in a knot. The Vasishtas

    wore this knot on the right(RV.7.33.1.Cf.note the tuft of the seven priests attending the

    sacrifice in M-1186.The unicorn bhadra’s single horn denotes the tuft of the Bharata

    also.) and others on the left. The Vasishtas


    wore white clothes(cf.the name vas-ishtha resembles that of the Pharaoh-great

    house.The Egyptian and Christian priests wore white robes) ,but others red or blue

    clothes.(RV.7.33.1).An unmarried girl was considered as the bride of

    yama(AV.1.14.2Cf.seals where bulls mate with women).The new born baby was washed

    (AV.2.10) which became the rite of baptism later.Amulets were worn to avert the evil eye

    (AV.4.9.6) and to ward off illness.A most powerful amulet was the trivrita (AV.5.28).

    The soma oblation was often associated with animal sacrifice(RV.5.43.7).At the time of

    oblations the gods were invoked by their secret names.(RV.9.95.2). Vishtarii offering

    is extolled in AV.4.34 .Pious people performed the sataudanam where a hundred pots of

    boiled rice were given away(AV.9.9). Sacrifices were given on New Moon and Full Moon

    days.(AV.7.79,80,81).Fire sacrifices extending for nine and ten months(RV.5.45.7,11) and

    year long(RV.7.103.8) were there.The soma

    might have been the Ephedra or the body( tanu,somos,manusha) , blood(sona) , fire(sona)

    and sound(svana) also.Seven adhvaryus sprinkled it with water(RV.9.10.7 Cf.M-1186).

    The meat of the sacrificial victim was cooked and offered to the gods and eaten by the

    worshippers.(RV.5.1.162.11,12).The asvamedha(avasa-medha = meat juice of the king;

    avasa –mesha = the Aries Sun) denotes the sacrifice of the buffaloe or the

    king.(RV.1.162.11-19).It was believed that the sacrificial victim did not die but went to

    the gods(RV.1.162.21,AV.9.5.8). It is said that Sunsepa was tied to the sacrificial stake for

    being sascrificed but escaped by composing hymns to Varuna and other gods.(RV.1.24-

    30).

    The year was divided into twelve months and occasionally an intercalary month was

    added to make the year agree with the seasons.A month had thirty days and the year had
    360 days. The day was divided into 30 parts and the night into thirty parts.(RV.6.59.6) or

    four yaamams(AV.6.21.2).The year was also divided into three seasons of four months

    and six seasons of two months each.(AV.6.55.2).The 28 lunar mansions beginning with

    Krittika and including Abhijit are named in AV.19.7 and Taittiriya samhita 4.4.10.

    Upon death the fire worshippers were cremated but others were buried.(AV.28.2.34).

    Before cremation aBrahmin’s staff or the Kshatriya’s bow were taken away from

    their hands(AV.18.2.59,60Cf.the scripts with.staff and bow and arrow).The dead man’s

    wife had to lie down by the side of the husband on the pyre(RV.10.18.7) but was then

    accepted by the deadman’s brother as his wife and taken back home.(AV.18.3.3).A goat

    was killed and placed on the pyre and burnt along with the dead man to send him to

    heaven.(AV.18.2.4,8).After the cremation everybody took a bath to remove pollution

    by the fire of cremation and the auspicious sacrificial fire tiger(jaatavedasCf.H-94) was

    invoked to bring long life to the survivors.

    With the fall of the Harappan culture the Vedic Indra culture began to fade with the rise

    of the Krishna(Sargon) culture in its place.The Indra –Krishna conflicts(RV.8.85.16) has

    its counterpart in history where Bhaarata (Indus valley) was taken over by Sargon and

    later the Bharats defeated his descendants to reclaim sovereignty.But again the strength

    of the migrants increased leading to the final downfall of the cities.

    9. THE INDUS SCRIPT


    The conversion of the alphabets (letters)

    The saptasvaras (seven notes) are denoted by

    sa ri ga ma pa dha ni (Bharata)

    c d e f g a b (English)

    Thus kara (a ray) becomes sara (an arrow), raksha (protection) becomes daksha (fire),

    gavya (ghee) becomes havya (oblation), medhaa (power) becomes netaa (a leader),

    bhaana (light) becomes Kaama(god of love), dhanvii (an archer) becomes anvii(a finger)

    and so on(see the indus scripts for several such examples.). Several English alphabets

    even after the passage of five thousand years, still bears striking resemblances to the

    original alphabets devised by the Bharata writers eg:A is the legs of a man, C is the

    Moon, V is a hand,P is a leaf and so on. We can now have a look at the common inter

    conversions of the alphabets, that make similar words as in cakra (a wheel), dahana (fire),

    prajaa (a son, a citizen), rakta (blood), raksha (protection), Sakra (Indra), zarga (a chapter

    or part) etc.

    Aa  D,H,K,N,P,R,U,V,W,Y,Z

    Bb  D,E,F,G,H,P,Q,R

    Cc  A,D,G,J,K,L,M,S,U,V,Z

    Dd  A,B,G,H,P,R,U,V

    Ee  A,B,C,H,L,T,U,V

    Ff  B,C,G,H,L,P,T,U,V

    Gg  C,D,F,H,P,Q
    Hh  A,B,E,F,L,M,N,P,R,T,U,V,W,Y,Z

    I i  E,J,R,T,U,V,Y

    Jj  C,I,S,Y

    Kk  A,C,H,N,R,T,U,V,Y,Z

    Ll  C,E,H,I,M,N,R,T,U,V,W,Y

    Mm  E,H,L,N,S,U,V,W,Y,Z

    Nn  A,H,M,U,V,W,Y,Z

    Oo  A,D,P,R,U,V

    Pp  A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,M,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,Z

    Qq  C,G,D,P

    Rr  A,B,D,K,P,Q,T,Y

    Ss  C,G,H,J,K,M,N,P,T,Z

    Tt  C,E,I,H,J,K,L,S,V,W,Z

    Uu  A,C,D,E,F,H,K,L,M,N,P,U,V,W,X,Y,Z

    Vv  A,C,D,E,F,H,K,L,M,N,P,U,V,W,X,Y,Z

    Ww  A,B,E,F,H,K,M,N,P,U,V,X,Y,Z

    Xx  C,K,L,S,V,Y,Z

    Yy  A,C,D,E,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,R,T,U,V,W,Z

    Z z  A,E,H,J,K,M,N,S,T,U,V,W,X

    ANALYSIS OF A FEW BHARATA SCRIPTS


    Brahma has taught Sanalkumaara the twelve fold yoga according to which ‘OM NAMO

    BHAGAVATE VAASUDEVAAYA’ covers the twelve signs of the zodiac. OM is the

    head of Vishnu. The sign Aries is seated there. This is the month of Vaisaakha. Na is his

    face and vrishabha (Taurus) is seated there. This is the month of Jyeshtha. MO is his

    hands and mithuna (Gemini) is seated there. This is the month of Aashaada . Bha is his

    eyes and kataka (Cancer) is seated there. This is the month of Sraavana. Ga is his heart

    and simha (Leo) is seated there. This is the month of Proshtapada. Va is his kavaca

    (armour) and kanya(Virgo) is seated there. It is the month of Asvina. Te is his mind and

    tulaa (Libra) is seated there. It is the month of Kritika. Va is his navel and vriscika

    ( Scorpio) is seated there. It is the month of Maarga siirsha. Sa is his buttocks and

    dhanu (Sagittarius) is seated there. This is the month of Pausha. De is his legs and

    makara (Capricon) is seated there. This is the month of Maagha. Vaa is his knees and

    kumbha (Aquarius) is seated there. This is the month of Phaalguna. Ya is his feet and

    miina (Pisces) is seated there. This is the month of Caitra. Each month is a leaf of the

    yoga. Hence according to this the head is OM, face is na, hands are ma, eyes are bha,

    breast is ga, breastplate is va, mind is ta, navel is va, buttocks is sa, legs are da, knees are

    va and feet are ya.

    The scribes of Harappa who wrote the Rigveda ,Atharvaveda and other vedic works

    were great masters of the word art and were blessed by the great waters (words) of the

    Bhaarati(Sarasvati-Speech;vaagmi = vaahini, Vaalmiki).This great tradition continued

    uninterrupted until the waters(jana-jala-vacana-speech)of the Sarasvati(bhaarati)-

    Sindhava( cinta) was washed out by the Great Mesopotamian-Akkadian (Akkad=


    Yaadava = Aarya;yaadas = water,yaadava = cattle )jana(jala)pralaya through Harappa to

    the Indian Peninsula around 2000BCE.They transformed the vedic culture into the epic

    ( Sargon –Krishna,Naaraayana-Raamaayana; of course the King was the god ) culture .

    The vedic Unicorn(nara,bhadraasva) was made the lama or the lamassu.

    In the scripts the first letter(left to right) or the last letter (first from right to

    left) of the name usually forms the alphabet eg: a pasu

    (an animal,a fish) is a pa or sa,a patra (a leaf) is a pa or ra, a bhadra (a circle) is a pa or

    ra , a jhasha (a fish,sa-like,sha – a man) is a ca or sa , agna(a man) is a,sha or na ,a

    siri(bird,arrow) is sa or ra,a nakra is u , na or ra etc.Each line,circle or dot in the script

    is an anka [ (a) ,cf. the semitic (’ ) and Sanskrit( f )], bhadra(pa),rekha(ra) and lekha or

    laksha (la). Enclosing lines (pari –anka ) form a paryanka (a cot, a status symbol ,pa – dhi

    is pati – a lord) or paryanta (end or stop) or vrishaa (Indra). A laksha is a raksha and a

    lipi (libi –alphabet) is ravi (the Sun) .The most popular phonetic values of the scripts as

    used by the Harappans can be finalized by a study of all the available inscriptions and

    tabulating the values as an object may have several terms to denote it in Bharata.For

    example a tree is a dru (da,ra), taru (ta,ra) ,paadapa(pa),vidapa(van,pa), vana(va,na)

    etc.The popular usage has to be verified from script applications in the maximum

    instances.

    A vertical line is a ra (male) and a horizontal line is a sa (female),a slanted line is a pa or

    da .Similarly straight lines carry the ra principle and rounds or curves carry the sa

    principle.A circle is a pa ,ra, na or kha.

    Their writing comprised of figuration through rebus birdphrasing (paraphrasing)

    probably to keep knowledge restricted to the priestly class themselves so that the aura of
    divinity about what they wrote and taught could be maintained like the mantras ,the ten

    commandmants etc.Drawing word pictures also helped them to create wonderful stories

    about the feats of the gods.

    To get alphabetical value of unknown scripts derive the word from the basic elements and

    the first letter will normally give the alphabetical value.

    The reading can be in the bhadrapaada(right to left-head to foot) style or paadabhadra

    (left to right-foot to head) style.eg: a sara(arrow) is sa(a weapon) in bhadrapaada and

    raaja(ra - agni,the Sun,a king) in the paadabhadra style.

    Let us now analyse a few Bharata scripts. The readings of the scripts are only

    illustrative and not exhaustive .Other readings may be possible apart from the given

    ones.These scripts are taken from Brian Wells’s An Introduction to Indus writing. In

    the script derivation we might be using some Sanskrit terms also as Sanskrit is the

    daughter language and the Bharata-Bhaasha-Sanskrit evolution did not happen on a

    single day. cf. Rig(veda) = gira(speech,gir = speech in Sumerian) = bharata(bhaasha) =

    Bhaarata(epic).

    SIGN FREQUENCY

    serial no sign Mohen jodaro Harappa total no

    1 472 291 855

    2 278 117 481

    3 118 46 187
    4 47 8 65

    5 21 2 24

    6 22 10 35

    7 7 12 27

    8 7 2 9

    9 19 15 36

    10 17 17 36

    11 20 19 40

    12 4 1 8

    13 9 6 16

    14 10 5 20

    15 16 2 18

    16 5 3 8

    17 8 1 10
    18 7 9 17

    19 4 6 14

    20 15 7 27

    21 14 6 22

    22 14 8 27

    23 12 9 23

    24 48 39 99

    25 9 2 14

    26 20 6 33

    27 4 - 5

    28 4 3 7

    29 1 - 8

    30 - 5 5

    31 5 - 5
    32 4 1 5

    33 5 - 5

    34 2 4 6

    35 3 2 6

    36 2 3 5

    37 3 - 5

    38 4 1 5

    39 3 - 6

    40 5 1 6

    41 2 3 5

    42 1 5 6

    43 2 2 6

    44 4 - 7

    45 4 4 15

    46 11 4 17

    47 8 11 20
    48 26 5 33

    49 - 38 38

    50 26 16 48

    51 5 - 5

    52 7 - 7

    53 10 1 12

    54 8 5 14

    55 65 21 105

    56 4 1 5

    57 3 2 5

    58 4 - 5

    59 3 1 6

    60 5 1 7

    61 5 3 8
    62 6 2 9

    63 5 6 11

    64 6 6 12

    65 7 6 16

    66 13 3 17

    67 10 4 17

    68 23 21 51

    69 49 10 64

    70 33 31 67

    71 80 27 125

    72 70 29 127

    73 1 2 5

    74 11 1 12

    75 11 2 13
    76 16 5 23

    77 13 8 27

    78 20 5 30

    79 30 15 46

    80 54 13 77

    81 1 2 5

    82 1 3 6

    83 7 4 11

    84 12 3 15

    85 17 2 22

    86 52 12 75

    87 9 171 183

    88 40 97 143

    89 3 5 10
    90 1 - 8

    91 10 3 15

    92 35 11 48

    93 54 10 70

    94 14 56 71

    95 73 23 116

    96 3 7 11

    97 11 5 19

    98 5 - 5

    99 7 - 8

    100 5 - 6

    101 26 10 43

    102 81 67 157

    103 8 8 23

    104 5 2 9
    105 10 - 10

    106 22 8 31

    107 77 22 120

    108 3 3 6

    109 - 1 9

    110 5 3 11

    111 9 3 15

    112 2 2 16

    113 15 3 21

    114 15 3 21

    115 20 6 30

    116 23 7 34

    117 20 13 38

    118 29 8 42

    119 50 22 75

    120 64 14 82
    121 80 23 115

    122 57 72 140

    123 3 2 7

    124 12 2 15

    125 8 5 16

    126 2 1 6

    127 3 - 5

    128 12 10 23

    129 6 - 7

    130 3 1 5

    131 28 13 44

    132 3 - 5

    133 4 1 6

    134 3 3 7

    135 4 3 7
    136 7 1 8

    137 8 1 11

    138 15 1 21

    139 27 11 42

    140 36 14 55

    141 43 16 74

    142 84 34 127

    143 85 78 179

    144 6 1 9

    145 3 2 5

    146 8 - 9

    147 40 18 64

    148 37 19 63

    149 4 3 7

    150 9 2 11
    151 4 1 6

    152 4 1 6

    153 3 1 7

    154 6 - 7

    155 6 1 7

    156 5 1 8

    157 3 4 8

    158 2 9 11

    159 3 1 11

    160 5 7 14

    161 7 10 19

    162 13 5 20

    163 18 2 21

    164 18 7 29

    165 21 6 35

    166 36 7 47

    167 33 8 49
    168 41 15 62

    5 or more - 168

    10 or more - 107

    20 or more = 73

    30 or more = 53

    40 or more = 41

    50 or more = 34 (very close to the number of ribs of the sacrificial horse,which is

    speech-bhaasha or asva.)

    100 or more = 15

    Hence the highest frequency scripts contain words that were most frequent in

    interactions among the people and with the deities during fire sacrifices. The preference

    for some scripts in Mohenjo-daro and Harappa may be due togotra( family) preferences

    of the scribes of various schools for particular deities.The observation of Dr. R.Meadow

    that these tablets were found mostly like thrown away items confirms the fact that

    most of these were notes prepared by gurus(Rig) to give instructions to their disciples.

    The uksha(fish,aleph, ) symbol can denote the aum(horn),

    the dvibhadra( para-dva,subhadra,Bharadvaaja, )can denote

    Indra(antana=priest,antara=interior,yama-dra=two lines),drava(dra-line,va –two) and the

    aja(agna,jaya,yaja,saya, ) can denote the svaaha (daaha,havis,asva) in a mantra style

    text.

    The script may be broadly classified as agni(man=asmi),

    aja(head=sa,jaya,saya),pasu(fish=vi,vaca),
    bhadra(lines,circles,crosses,hearth,seat=bharata),udaya(aayudha,yuddha,dyu,deva,dvaya),

    patri(tree,grass,hand,bird, mountain,insects=bhadra), vasa(house,clothing,door=vaca) etc.

    Speech in the script.

    The texts contain vedic Bharata.

    The symbols may be paraphrased into speech form also. Example can be seen from the

    Bible

    at Mount Horeb(Hebrew - bruu-bruva-bruvat-bruvaana-bruuhi) when the burning bush

    firegod(agna-asva-vaca) who appeared to Moses on the adri(srii-gira-giri ) told him to tell

    the people of Israel that “ I AM(asmi – agni-speech=vahni=vaani=Nabi=ravi) has sent

    me to you”(Exodus:3:14).We can use this methodology to decipher the speech in the

    seals,which we will do in a separate work when we take up the full text inscriptions. Just

    for introduction look at the following words

    agna(man) -> asme

    agni(man) -> asmi

    naga( an elephant,a tree,a mountain) -> mahaa,jana

    snaana(bath) -> janana,janaana

    jala(water) -> jana

    jaala (network) - > jala,jana,saala

    bhadra(a bull,an elephant,a hill,a rod,a spear,a leaf)->

    bhadra(happiness,auspiciousness), pati(lord,king),patra(note,letter),paada(a fourth

    part,foot)

    asi(suula) -> asi (is,astu)


    aja(a ram) -> jaya,saya,daya,paya,usha

    srava(ear) -> srava(food)

    drava(fish) -> srava(food)

    giri(hill) -> gira, rica,srii

    bhruu (brow) -> bruu(speak),bruva,bruuhi

    matsa(fish) –> vacas(speech),dvaadasa,Vishnu,vasanta,

    matsva(be pleased)

    maanava -> namana(obeisance),maapana(scale,measure),

    navama(ninth),naama(name)

    cakra -> bhadra,srava,kraya ,raksha

    baahu -> paahi (protect),subha(auspicious).

    pasu -> subha(auspicious),vasu(wealth)

    vasa (cloth,house) –> vac(to speak)

    catvara –> satvara(quick)

    dva -> tva(you,your),deva,rava,vasu

    dvi -> ravi ,tuvi,pati ,vid,dyu,diva

    A few symbols and their vedic equivalent words are given below :

    agna =fire,king sikshasi=saasa=gives Agna is asana(food) ,aasana

    (seat),naga( tree,snake,hill,elephant) , nagna(naked), pacana(fire),

    bhajana(division,worship), bhasana (a bee or beetle) , vasana(cloth,house) and

    vacana(speech). Note the festival of agna(spring equinox),where agna(the king’s body) is

    divided(bhajana) and eaten(asana) and the


    soldiers dividing(bhajana) the dress (vasana) into four shares(John:19.23cf.note the four

    dot paada symbol in the scripts . Foot is food also.Agna is asana.

    bhaata=paada=bharata=praatar=praata) .Also the vasana(cloth=curtain) of the temple got

    torn into two from top to bottom(Matthew:27:51) to mark day break.The agna( )

    symbol is made (praata,visaakha cf. kaaca - prakaasa=praasa-a spear=bharata-a

    cross) and the praasa(spear) is applied as in the seal K-65 or like the cross(bharata)of the

    Christ; , (ajamukha,chaagamukha –Daksha-agni- dahana-Skandha,aja = asi =

    praasa=praata); ( aasana =agna= aja-Unicorn= dahana=soma = mosaa-sunrise –

    Hebrew = Moses) ;

    aja ( agna,yajna) =aajagaama(has come),yata(by which,from which), yathaa(like

    this),yadaa(when),yadi( if); stubha =stuvate(praise. Hence this is usually placed at the end

    of the inscription indicating the SOV nature),aahuve(I call) ,aayaahi(come) etc.

    pati(lord),asi(become),kaasu(paatu = may protect ),srudhi(hear) ,

    praasa(spear),praata(prabhaata=dawn),bharata(fire), paraavata

    (from afar . Hence the Bharats-Aaryas-are said to have come from afar)

    te (you),sa(he),asmat(I),savitri,saptaasva,dvaadasa,tvashtaa,

    matsu( be pleased),bhaa(light,the Sun)


    sa (god,bird,he),vaya(we)

    tvaa(you),vasu(pasu=wealth),asvi(Asvins), dva(two), diva(usha),

    vrishanaa(youthful),ravi

    : : sadasa pari (surrounding the sacrificial vedi),paada,bhaasa,bhaksha etc.

    = pada(foot,word), vaca(word,praise), veda(deva,pada), paya(water),

    vaya(food,bird,weaver,we), visva(usha,whole),asva(word) ,abda(year) ,

    apta (sacrifice) ,bhaata(dawn),bhaasa(light),parjanya (harsha = para-sa = varsha=lord of

    the clouds),avas(protection),ya(yajna), etc.

    agna(fire,king),aasana(seat),asana(food),asmaa(stone) harana(hand),

    krinoti(does),bhuja(hand),bhuuya(different types),kara(hand),hari(horse =

    ray),hasta(hand),kata(how many),gachatha(goes),raya(water)

    asnayaa (using stone to squeeze out soma)

    ghnataa (grinding or pounding),dasra,saara

    ka + , , ( i i ) = gii (speech,Sarasvati),ko =who ,sara,sava,srii,saras,satra

    , = ojasa (with strength= sa-with,usha-dawn),raaja,rava

    trina,krinoti(does),hari(ray,horse,Indra),Mitra,Indra,traamana(eligible for protection),

    kara,ta,va

    sravana(ear),yavasa (asva =light,ya = this,yaavata=how much) etc.


    jhasha (fish),sasa(hare),sacaa(sa-aja =like or with the priest),paa,kaa

    naga (hill,the Sun->mahaa-great) , gana(group),maghavan(rich man,Indra),

    adri(hill,the Sun) ,Atri( a sage), adreya(strong like a mountain),atreya (a descendant of

    Atri )

    mandaana (ma +daana =giving water =baptism = John)= be pleased,

    vandana (worship),ma(water) + ma(man)-> mama(my),me(for me)

    ↑, , sara,patri ,sarabha = siprii (speedy)

    vajrin(Indra) ,astriin(a soldier)

    , bhadra(subha)kara(causing happiness,the kings hand,a writer),

    purandara ( Indra = bhujaa-coil – dhara-bearer;su – pa =leaf bearer

    cf. va = hand,pa = leaf)

    dva –sara = catvara, svasara( at our place),savitri,satvara(quick)

    havante (calls,worships),ahve(I am calling)

    svaana (dog),tapaana(shining)

    tapaana(shining),apiishyan (made drunk with soma)

    jyoti ( light)

    abhyaabhara (bring and give),bhaarata


    tarushta (destroying enemies)

    gotra(cowpen,a clan),hotaaram(inviting the deities to the

    sacrifice),vrajapati(Prajaapati,varshapti)

    sarpisha (ghee)

    , Aja is vaca and hasa(smile).Sma is face. Smi(shmi) is laugh.

    Adhvaana(yatna=yajna) is adhvara(soma yaaga).

    The Aitareya Braahmana (arthaaya graahana =teaching of meaning) which is a later

    text on the ritual side of the Vedas can explain like a handbook many of the seals as these

    seals by themselves hold sacrificial instructions which the priests followed meticulously

    from generation to generation without deviations as instructed by the original

    Gurus(Rigs).

    INFLUENCE ON OTHER SCRIPTS

    A comparative study of the Sumerian,Akkadian, Egyptian,Hebrew, Greek, Brahmi,Deva

    Naagari(deva-giirbaana,giirna,gira) and the modern English alphabets will show that

    these alphabets follow the vedic Bharata script principle in their scripts.Many vedic

    words can be seen in these languages with native variations .

    A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE SCRIPTS.


    The fourth and third milleniums BCE were the period when man was developing newer

    and newer tools and equipments for his daily use,use in war,use in worship etc.These

    implements had to be named using familiar

    symbols that implied the source or application of the object.A fish

    was named miina because it stayed in naara(water),a monkey was

    named kurangu because it stayed on the sringa(branch) of trees,

    a chameleon was called a drumaasraya because it stayed on druma

    (a tree) ,an axe was called a vrascana because it cut down trees,

    a cup was called a cashaka because it was a kavaca(shield) for the contents,

    a pot was called a paana because it was made by the paaNa(hand),to hold pa(water) etc.

    For example we can see a cashaka( =kalasa,kapaala,paanaka )inscribed on

    a potsherd K-100 ,paatra( = pa + sara + paa + tra = bhadraa,saavitra;pa-

    sara,salaaka-drava-tra cf. A potsherd from Bhiraana had the dancing bhadraa inscribed on

    it),an axe from Mylaaduthurai had the inscription vrascana

    ( =drughana,Krishna) etc.Comparing the scripts of cashaka and

    vrascana we can see that casha = cana .A matsa is himsa and

    simha(hari=Vishnu) and a vrascana does the same.The sign of Pisces is the terminating

    sign denoting Vishnu by the matsya(simha) avataara and Vishnu is the last of the deities

    consuming the purodaasa.A fish is a pa(like a leaf) and is a drava and is hence a dru
    (whence comes the fish+tree sequence in the scripts). Thus cashaka(

    = = kalasa . The last symbol is netra(eye=na) or as va(

    = vaahu)- ra( ) whence we have vaara(tail) also.Hence the reading is kalasa + na

    = kalasana =naasakara from right to left.Substituting na with vara,vra

    we have vara,vra – salaka(=salaaka =a thorn,arrow etc). From varasalaaka

    we have vara-sa-laka(=kaala = hara=naasa =ruin,death) which further yields

    vras – ca- naasa = vrascana=vriksha-naasa=drughana=Krishna in rebus.

    This is the principle employed in creating the Indus writings.

    1. Agna(a man) is a,ka ,na,eka etc.From nara he is na and ra.From manusha,marta and

    purusha(bhadra) he is pa,ma and sha.

    2.Aja (ram,bird,head) is a, ca, sa , ka,yaja,yad,yadaa, jaya,saya,eka etc.Hence aja(Isis) is

    winged.

    3) A fish as pasta or matsa ispa, ma and sa. As pasu and patri it is pa and sa.As bull and

    eye it is ga(go) ,u and as asva,akshi it is a.It is vadana which sends bhaasha (bhaasa,

    bhaata) out.

    4) All animals being pasu is pa and sa.

    5)Patris(fish,bird,tree,leaves,mountains,buildings) denote pa,va,ga,sa,ta.

    6)Cakra(bhadra) is ca,ka,ta and pa .In Sumerian also same symbol can represent different

    sounds probably like this or from borrowing of the script

    from Bharata?
    7) Sarpa is sa,pa

    8) Vertical lines ( anka,bhadra,mudra,rekha,lekha,laksha) indicate

    ra,ma,na,ha,pa,va,dra,la,ya, etc.

    9)Horizontal line(s) indicate sa or ma as in sama( =) as floor and water symbols.

    10) A line (or letter) placed above a letter adds an u in the script.Va (pa)

    can be an u also.In Sumerian also u indicates over and i indicates under.

    11) A line placed under a script adds an i in the script.

    12) A dot is a ra,dra (svara,dvaara). Saptasvaras indicate sabdadvaara.

    13)Vastra(vas),vaasa(house,cloth),astra(sara) etc. indicate a, va,sa,nu etc.

    14)A cross is a raksha and indicate ra,ka and sha.It is also srii and indicate sa, ra and

    pa(bhadra,patra,bharata).

    15) A hand is a kara(hand ,ray) and vana(tree,trina,water,house) and indicate ka , ra,va

    and na,raya etc.It is also a dos ,baahu,vaahu and harana and indicate da also.

    16) A makara(nakra) indicate ma,na ,ka and ra.

    17) A sara(arrow,trina=grass) indicate a, sa,ta, ra and na,nu,ai etc.

    18) Two circles are subhadra,prabhaa,Bharadvaaja,paa,bhaa etc.Hence a fish =a

    jhasha=paa,bhaa etc.

    19) Water is va,na,ma,ha,pa,ap,aabhaa,bhaa etc.It is also sara or raya

    and can indicate ja,sa and ra.

    20) A suula(soma) is la,na and ma.

    21) An asi (suula) is paci,pati,sasi,Saci and praasa(praatah),bharata and is pa,ra and sa.

    22)Jaala(bhadra) is ca(caalanii) and pa.

    1 -> + , , ,
    A kotiira(kiriita,jata,hair made up like horn on the crest ) shows kotira(Indra).

    A man (human figure) is agna ( agni,asmi) , nara(= agna in reverse) , pancajana,purusha,

    marta, manusha, manuja,maanava,navama, naama,namana etc. Hence it can be a,na,

    pa,ma, ta, and sha.cf.Sumerian na = man,nir= a prince,king(nripa). It can also mean

    obeisance(namana,bhadra) to you like the wheel(bhadra).

    = ca ,ma,sa,va ,ha(moon or water) + u(on) + (ra,la,na) or (sara = ma)=

    suura(the Sun,a hero), suna(auspicious,Indra),suula(a trident), sona(fire,blood),

    soma(madhu cf.the sacramental wine of the Christians;sa-bird,god;uma=ina,usha),

    homa(fire sacrifice=Soma), rava(sabda,the Sun,deva),Rig, raaja, lama(lamassu),

    lava(cutting,reapingcf.Kronos with sickle), raama(nara=king,sacrificial mahisha ),

    naama(name,sectarian mark for Vishnu) = rava(vaara=tail

    cf. Sed festival of Egyptians) + ( pa+ sara;sara=ma=water;soma=su-

    ma=water;sara-ma is Dharma,the god of death.=marta=a man) =bhadra = viirabhadra

    = . The sacrificial deities are Soma(sona,suura=agni) = Rudra(viirabhadra).

    Soma lives in the woods(the god in the tree) as Varuna in the sea.(RV.9.90.2).

    However sha(from manusha) is the usual alphabetical value given probably

    to equate with za (god) , ca(sa-matsa) etc.The head is saras(siras) which is a sara and

    savitri(bird). The face is mukha(ma=face) and nauka(na=boat) and can signify

    sukha(well being,pleasure).Adhara(lips) is astra(arrow).Rudra has a ru(arrow)-

    sara(gaatra) in him as he is ra –dru(tree) and usra(dawn,bull,dru).


    The tree is Asvatha(Fig = asva-avasa-agna,stha-seat) and the yaaga is asvamedha

    (Raajasuuya). The dru (tree,srii) is usra (dawn,the Sun) and the god in the tree is the

    rising Sun.

    An astra represents a or ana,and a trina is kara(ka,va + ra,na,i ), kana(naaka

    = arrow,kanaa=a maid),vana(a tree ),nava(praise,new,nine),hari

    (Vishnu,a lion,a horse,Indra etc.) . Hence we have

    a+kara=arka,a+kana=agna,an+kana=angana(a woman) etc.Hence this symbol can

    represent the fire god Agna and a woman also.

    Similarly a sara represents nara(N=Z), sira,raaja etc. In the agna (a,i,ca,pa,da,ga,ya,ra,sa =

    to go=leg, ka,ra,sa=gaatra=body, na,ka,pa,ra=cipher=head) the head na is a

    weapon(na=nu=a weapon).Na is also a bhadra( a circle,bull,happiness,the king) and

    bhadra(bha-sara) also has a sara in it.Hence Brahma allotted na(agna=speech) to the face

    and is said to represent Taurus(a bull =bhadra=bhaasha=bhaata). This is the vedic style of

    rebus paraphrasing(parokshapriya iva hi deva : Aitareya: 3.5.1) which technique is

    profusely employed in preparing the scripts.Agna gets converted into asva(a

    bull,buffalo,horse;K=N=V=Z),avasa(a king,protection,food,the Sun) etc.Combining pa of

    purusha with the sara another bhadra(king,bull,happiness,Rudra) is born.A manusha(man)

    is mahisha(buffalo=asva).The gaatra(body) is a kaasara(a buffalo).In sacrifices gaatra

    raksha(body protection,food) was ensured by kaasara rakta(blood of buffalo = asva

    medha). The alphabets va(u),ka(u), and ra(ka,u) can denote a vakra(a curve).U is the horn

    of the uksha(bull).U is also the Moon (lunar crescent).The horn is a bhadra,vetra or

    dara(sara).The horn is also a boat figure as agna and mukha are nu(weapon), hanu(jaw)

    ,nauka(boat) etc. This script thus denotes a narapasu or viirabhadra who is the
    asva(avaza).In the asvamedha the asva was the avaza as in the Egyptian Sed

    festival.Refer to the deity in M-1186 which is a duplication of this script. The deity in the

    paadapa(a tree) is Vaasava(Indra). Dru is srii.Druma or trina is Mitra or Indra or

    Rudra.Vriksha is Va – Sakra and prakaasa. The Sun in the light is the god in the

    tree.Man(sha)+ tree(vana) is savana(sacrifice).The pasu(pa)+ the priest(sha)+ the

    paadapa(pa) indicates Vasava(vasu).The asva(avaza=salabha=nripa) has been sacrificed

    and his head is placed before the deity. The suula symbol is another form of the cross

    symbol both of which can be read as srii from sa (the curve-chandra-ca; horizontal line

    =sa=paksha or srava or hasta) , ra (upper vertical line) and i (lower vertical line). Reading

    in the reverse srii(fire,the Sun,the king) becomes usra(a bull,dawn,the Sun) as the upper

    vertical ra changes to u.

    The cross figure is an arrow figure and hence is a patri denoting Savitri or

    Tvashtri.Savitri,Tvashtri,Dhaatri,Prajaapati,Puushan etc .are usually surrounded by divine

    females as shown in the seal.Agni is sapta-jihvah

    (jvaala,diidhiti,arcis),and the Sun is saptaasva(saptaamsu).

    Saranyu and Trisiras have sara for their head.

    In the seal the butterfly(siri,salabha,sarabha,srava,nakra,nripa) symbol also indicate

    srii(or ii) and the king(avasa,asva).The dru (tree) is usra(dawn,the Sun,a bull) and srii(the

    Sun,light,speech). The patra(leaves) of the tree indicate bhadra(happiness) and

    bharata(fire).The door (dvaara)symbol below the tree indicates bhadra,praata , bharata

    and vedi(=sacrificial firepit,fire) from pa(the outer frame),ra(i =the vertical mid line ) and

    sa (the short cross- line) . In the inscription on the seal the fish symbol is sa(matsa), the
    saras symbol is ka(head,karna) and the human symbol is ra(nara = asva for

    sacrifice).Hence the inscription reads sa-ka-ra or nara-ha-ti

    This can denote Sakra(Indra),cakra(srii cakra – an amulet), raksha(protection),rakta(

    blood) etc.The seven females(yoshaa) and the ram (aja,mesha) indicate

    usha(dawn).Haya(horse,seven) –strii(women) also indicate srii haya (Indra), Gaayatri

    and Savitri.Sapta bhadraa is bhadra sabda. The avaza(the king)medha or the uksha +

    mesha was the asvamedha(hayamedha) of the veda.It can be a gavaamayana festival .

    This can further be confirmed from the Old Testament (Exodus :29) where God orders

    the sacrifice of the bhadra(bull,king,varsha= ) and the aja(usha= ) or as in Genesis:

    22 where Isaac(Visaakha) was ordered to be sacrificed.Asvamedha denotes festival of

    the vernal equinox. It is the Passover in the month of Abib(Avi=Aries;cf.see the ram in

    the seal) for Israel in the Old Testament and the sacrifice of the Christ in the New

    Testament.Christ’s blood(rakta) and body(sariira) was given as food to his disciples. In

    the Sed festival the king’s body was eaten up by the worshippers.The Egyptian gods

    carried a cross called ankh ( ankh=agna=srii) very much like the crozier carried by

    modern bishops(equivalent of ancient priest kings).In the Holy Communion still the

    sariira and rakta are given since sariira + rakta is sariira raksha. The inscription in the

    seal also indicates Gaayatri(protecting the body) - raksha(protection) ,

    sriicakra(kavaca=protection for the body) and Srii Sakra(Indra).

    Now let us look to the script.

    Combining the human(sha,sara,nara,ma,na) + the vakra(ca,ka,ra,va) + the vertical(ra,u) =

    raksha,rakta,sakra,Rudra, usra,svara, shuu(usha), sarga,sagara,saagara etc. are the

    result.The seal findings also confirm these.The deity( usha) + vriksha


    ( prakaasa,vrishaa) have the indication of sunshine and the rising Sun.

    From usha( ) and nara ( =manu) we have visvaanara(Indra,Saavitri) .

    Man being agna or agni with the horn (bhadra) it can also mean agna bhadra (let agni

    bless you) , asmi bharata (I am Bharata or Bharadvaaja ) etc. also.

    The appended implements like horns(god), sara (archer),kaaca(adhvaryu)

    vetra(medhri) may have an identity indication but primarily they represent the vedic

    rebus paraphrasing of the basic word and as such it does not modify the alphabet except

    for inflections.For example a nara ( man) can hold a vetra(ra) and still he is a nara and

    has the alphabet value of na and ra itself.But in texts of speech this may differ.For

    bharata(gira,rica,Rik -speech) ra(agni,rishabha) is the base. Hence the Rig veda is said to

    be born from agni. This happened in Horeb(Hebrew,bruuhi),Sinai,Tabor,the Pentecost etc.

    in the Bible.Compare bhaasha(bharata) with parvata(prabhaata) or gira with giri and

    srii(light,speech,tii=fire in Malayalam).

    Compare Hebrew tabera(fire) and daabar to speak

    The trident horn = + = aja+ ra,i,la = ajra(agra,agna),asi;

    a + ra(u,i) =u, au,la(lamba,Indra),lu,na(nasta)

    v,u + | (u) = uu,o + ma(maanava,manushya) -> AUM =naama(name,

    mark of the vaishnavite)=raama(nara=a man,a horse;nri=a king;maara = kaama,a

    husband;rava=sound,the Sun;niila,raamii=blue or dark like the mahisha cf.Balaraama

    with the hala which shows a man attached to the plough in place of the asva;naama is

    voice or vaca which is the asva on which every man rides.The sacrifice meant giving one

    a new name as in the baptism or the anointing of the king. The Aitareya use the term
    Raama in place of the Sumerian and Biblical lama cf.Tamil or Malayalam

    maala=night,darkness = mahisha). Raama is attached to

    to Maargaveya(maara,nara-gavaya) and Aupatasvini(svana,agni-upaasa) to show the

    buffalo or name itself.(Cf.sravaapya=abhisrii=joining as in u-saya;

    abhisraava =abhisvara= hearing,compelling ;abhisaara = contest = yuddha = udaya)

    A horn by itself is AUM. A horn is a trident and a bow and arrow .

    Pranava is pra(rava)-nava(vana=tree,baana=arrow,pana=hand,paana=pot)

    Hence it is sound of wind,sound of the flying arrows and birds(cf.Garuda),the sound of

    shells , horns,pots etc.These symbols with human figures can point to AUM.The trident is

    the AUM symbol to the present day.

    Agna is aajnaa(a command),yajna(sacrifice) and havana ( a call) .

    Agna(man ) is a-ka-na = anu(k=u) =manu=aanu(Malayalam)

    Anu is also with nu(a weapon).Anu+caapa(vaca,dhanu=vaani) can indicate

    anutaapa(penitence),anuvaada(permission,caapa=paada),anupada(with each word or

    line,caapa=paada) , anumoda(congratulation,dhanu=moda) etc.

    The body from head to foot is a sara (arrow).Sara +caapa = prabhaata,

    prasava etc. With sara + baana(arrow in hand) we have saravana,sravana,pranava etc.

    With anu + graaha(nakra=kara) in the hand we have anugraha and so on.

    The human figure is agna(ka,ra =K=R) ,Manu etc,the patri figures (bird ,arrow

    ,fish ,tree ,hill )

    are savitri(saavitri,gaayatri),the suna figure is soma ,


    the aja figure is agna,iisa(usha),ravi,savi(devi), Indra etc.

    2. -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    The legs form a hill (pa,da,sa,a) . The hands form a leaf(pa). The raised Sakra-

    kumaarika(small flagstaff) is a ra becoming an i(since connected to the base of the leaf).

    Hence it is pa+ da+ra = bhadra(happiness,a bull, a king,bharata-fire) and sa-patri

    =savitri(gaayatri,saavitricf .Ravi is a vi=bird,horse.A bird , fish and tree are sa-bird,with

    - patra- bird,wing- savitris).Since the patra is above(u) it can be read as sa(leg) +

    u(above)+ patra(leaf) = subhadra.A purusha is a vrisha(bhadra). This compares with the

    Unicorn (bhadraasva with a single bhadra) ,the lama(lamassu -bull with a patra - nara

    asva ) etc.The vertical hand being a ra with man (sha,pa,na)it forms

    sara,raaja,sraa,su,shu,pu,nu,nara,para,vara , usha, ku etc.Two bhadras make subhadra and

    bhadradvaya(Bharadvaaja).Viirabhadra is Rudra and prabhaata.

    Agna is eka( 1). Patra is bhadra(0) .Hence 1+ 0 = 10 (dasa = daasa,raaja)

    3) -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    This is a plain human symbol .A man (full human figure) is agna

    ( agni) . A man is a nara(asva = ), pancajana,purusha, marta(nara-

    ta,sha), manusha, manuja,maanava ,sara(=nara) etc.He has a gaatra which is a

    ka=sara; k=ta,sa=ra (which means the cross symbol is ka,ta,ra and sa) and he
    himself is a bhadra with a sara(pa-leg+ sara-body). Hence it can be a,na, pa,ma,

    ta, and sha.Similarly paada(pa) and gaatra(sara) form a bhadra. Paada by itself

    has the shape of a bhadra (parvata= para-pada,vada,vaca=prabhaata)

    too.Paada(a,pa) + body(ka) = aga,bhaga etc.

    Gaatra is a patra or patri and is gaayatri or savitri.

    However sha(from manusha or marta) is the usual alphabetical value

    given probably to equate with za (god= aga,bhaga) , ca(sa-matsa) etc.

    With the legs as a(at) ,da(pada), pa(pada),sa (carana) and the body

    as ka it reads a-ka ->aga(the Sun,a hill),da-ka -> deha(the body),

    and pa-ka-> bhaga(the Sun,prosperity,kapa,Kaaba),sanu,bhaanu etc.

    The term bha(pa)- dra(sara) is represented by several symbols of pa

    and sara indicating the logo- phonetic nature of the language.

    The man(nara) symbol = + = a(na) + ra(i) = ra,ai

    4) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    A maanava is a maapana (scale) and a maa(great) – vana(a tree).Aksha(beam of a

    balance) is vaksha(shoulder,chest), hasta(hands), bhaashaka(speaker),

    paacaka(cooking), paksha(wing,side), uksha(a bull),kaaca(a swing), and

    usha(dawn).Dharima (a balance) is Dharma (god of death,justice).Dhurya(suurya) is a

    load and a noble person .Dhurandhara is an office bearer, Purandara and Surendra. A

    tulaadhara can be a saarduula(vyaaghra-purushavyaaghra).A bhadra(a king) is

    pa(water,rule,protection)-dhara(bearer) or in other words he shoulders the

    responsibility of protecting and ruling his people.He is paartha(king) and

    bhaarata(fire).This is more clear in seals like u.16747(Fig 10.7 DTIS page 183 )
    where two taaraka (star;taaraka=Sakra,raksha,raaja) are shown close to the head of

    the water carrier.

    A vaivadhika (trader of grains) can be a vaidika (a priest).

    A hasta becomes a kaaca or a sikya.A maanava can always carry a

    maapana or a maa-vana as do a vaanava.Abhra(sky,cloud) is ap-bhara(water bearer)

    also.Pa(circle)+ pa(circle) on the hands make prabhaakara.

    Bhara-ta(=fire,speech) and bhadra (a king ,bull,happiness) are bharas(carrying loads).

    A man (ra,pra) holds a kaaca to indicate raksha(protection), Sakra(Indra),and

    prakaasa(light) ,Visaakha(vi-kaaca,saakhaa) and vaisaakha.Purusha(pa)+ horizontal

    line(sa) + leaf on left hand(pa) + leaf on right(pa) -> tri pa – sa –

    Drupada(prabhaata,king); va + va + sa + pa ->vasava(vasu);bhara(load) +man(sha,na,pa)

    = bharata,praja,bharana(the last asterism in the vedic system from which the Sun

    rise),prabhaa(light)

    Dvibhadra(two circles) + sa(horizontal line),sha(man)=

    subhadra,bhadradvaya(Bharadvaaja).

    A human figure with two circles is a Bharadvaaja

    equivalent of agni(man)- na(two)- bhadra : let agni bless us!

    aksha(yoke) + ra(man) = akshara(god,alphabet,Sakra,raksha)

    The words raksha,rakta,Sakra,akshara etc. means the same as ra(agni)-

    ka(bhadra-bharata)- sha(na)!

    ca,pa( ) + ra,ma + na( ▬ ) = sravana =saravana = pranava =

    praata(dawn) = praasa(spear = prakaasa kaasu = kaasi = light,the Sun) =


    bharata (cross )

    Agna(1) + bhadra( 0 ) + bhadra ( 0 ) = 100 (sata)

    tulaa + ka = sulka(price) ; tula = sara

    Hence the archer also can point to sulka.

    5) -> -> (raised arms = bird=vadana or hanu with ears)

    Script no 4 indicates prabhaatavasu(dawn). Appending a head(bhadra,ka

    cf.Sumerian ka = mouth) completes the figure of bharata(arka=fire=bhara-aja =

    praata) = bhaata(dawn) = bhaasa(light) = bhaasha(speech) = asva(horse) =

    vi(bird,arrow,horse). It is arka-kaasa=sunshine. The head of Daksha was replaced

    with that of aja to make him aja(chaaga) mukha . Subramanya is also

    ajamukha(chaagamukha). Aja is a bhadra and instead of showing the

    bhadra(face of bull with two or three horns= dra=tra also) if another bhadra(an

    elephant head) is shown we have Ganesha!This is also

    bhara-aja-pati =prajaapati.Daksha is a prajaapati.

    In the vedic style of rebus paraphrasing the saras is thus replaced by sara in( 1)

    and vi(sa=bird) in (5). Saras is also ushas(ear-sa + vakra – u + ear-sa -> usas ->

    ushas-> aja,sa) . Hence there are two(dvi)- prabhaatas or it is suprabhaata! From

    leg(a,da,pa) + body(ka,ra) + saras(sa) + vasava(vasu) we have

    aksha,daksha,paksha-vasu(vasava-asva) also or pa+ra +paa+sa=prabhaasa

    ,prabhaata etc.The attachment of the aja(usha,yosha) symbol can sometimes

    indicate a female(saa=she cf.H-3305,savi=devi). Bhara(load) + saras =

    Paraasara.Prakaasa is para –ka(head)-aja(aaza) .


    Aja is agni and Indra.Bhaarata is called Ajanaabha(agna-bhaa).Note

    1Kings:15 where we see king Asa ruling Judea(udaya) for 41 years.Look at the

    war(udaya-yuddha) between Asa and Baasha(bhaasa-bhaata) king of Israel.

    The water carrier is bhadra- the king (who heads a

    statecf.king=simha=kumbha=pot) and the head

    that carries the waterpots-the eyes. This will become more clear if we see the

    seal H-103 where this script is inverted to depict the head

    (a strong evidence to writing in the script -see the bottomline last script) .

    Hence = =bhadra(Visaakha)-> sa +bhaarata = saavitra,paa+ma+sa

    =panca(five),vamsa(race)

    aksha(yoke) + ra( ) =akshara(god,Sakra,raksha)

    (ka,ra) + ( aja) = kaasa,raaja (light is the king = INRI)

    6) -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> ->

    Aajani (agni) is a stick or staff for driving .An aacaarya,gopaala or a

    bhadra has a staff.A go-tra also has a sara (vetra) in it.

    Gaatra,nara,ma,na + pa,ra,i = Gaayatri,saavitri,bha-rana(rule,the last

    asterism etc.),rama,ina,ni,yama,va etc..Adhikaara is adhi(raised)-kara(hand).


    A man (sha,pa,na) + vertical line( ra,ri,la,ka,pa,i) - >

    sara,sraa,srii,para,bhara,Nala(lama =aja),

    nara,raja,raaja,rama,rana,rava,ina etc.Kara( a hand,sara) can have an extended

    ra.Bhadradvaya(man=bhadra;stick,arrow,curve etc are bhadra) is subhadra and

    Bharadvaaja.A nara(man,a horse,bhadra) can have a ra (vetra) attached to him in

    rebus.A paana(hand ) can have a na(=ra = pa=vertical line) and naabha(naabhi =

    navel) in it in rebus.

    a(leg) + ka(body)+ra(bhadra,vetra)= arka,kara ,raaga etc.

    A bhadra(horn) is a vetra.Vetra = va(u) + tra(sra,dra) = dru,usra.

    Usra(dawn,the Sun) flowers to give the Sun and light. Adru flowers

    in the seasons.Now look at the budding of Aaron’s staff in

    Numbers :17.Refer the Harappan script also.The Biblical stories have their

    origin at Harappa.Bharadvaaja(priestking) is Petrus(the Pope).

    oma(protector) is AUM,saama,daana etc.

    7) -> + -> (Brahmi cf. sha=man)

    A vertical line (ra) + a,da,pa,sa(pada) -> rada, dara, sara, raaja, rava, ra,

    rasa,rata(rati),ratha and sara=ma,nu etc.

    8) -> -> + + + -> ->

    a,da,pa(leg) + ra,la(vertical) + ka(ushas) + vasu(yadu,asva) ->

    arka,dahra,bharga,ushaa – vasu(Vaasava,yaadava) ;
    sa(bird),aja(ram) + u( above)+prakaasa= suprakaasa(let there be

    light,happiness !).Bharga( gotra ) may be bhara,vara –aja also

    like var(bhara)-sha(man). a,da+ a + kaaca =aksha,daksha,aakaasa

    Chaagamukha is skandha(sa-god-aja,agna,dahana-agni) and Daksha.

    9) -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Vashatkaaraa vajro (incantation is arrows. Aitareya : 11.7.1)

    A sara(arrow cf. saanu,dhanu and Akkadian samu – to buy) can be attached to

    the kara(a hand,ray).Tanu(the body) is dhanu(a bow),saanu(a hill),and

    soma(sona,suna,svana).Hence a saanu(hill) and a patra(a leaf) represents the

    tanu(body) and bhadra(head = bharata) also.A paana(hand) is a baana(arrow) in

    rebus. There is a sara in ga-atra,bha-dra and ma-rta.Indra has a dhanu. Sakra

    has a kaarmuka(caapa).Raaja can be a sara.A ne-tri can have a sara. Saavi-tri is

    caapi(holding bow and arrow)-srii(the Sun)..Sre-shtha(noble) gives(da) a

    sara(arrow).Sara in the hand is sriikara(causing prosperity) and saravana(sara –

    paana = sarapaani,Krishna =pranava).Athara(athari=finger) is astra(arrow)

    and adri(a hill).Astra is a patri and with it a sha(man) is

    sha(sa) + patri = Savitri(Gaayatri)=caapa-dhaari =sha-caapa-ra

    sha(man),ma + ru(arrow),u =ruca(light),guru(teacher),usha

    Kasyapa is sa(with) –caapa(bow).

    The bow and arrow reads vertical line(ra) + horizontal line(sa) +


    vakra(va,u) -> vajra,bhadra,usra,varsha,svara,srii etc. With purusha (human

    figure) it becomes purusha bhadra.Sara in baahu can be vaak-sara(harsh speech

    cf.gira=sara,kara=gira=sara).Sara(srii,gira)-pati is Sarasvati.Giirvaana is a deva.

    Also man(sha = sa) + vajra = sa-vajra = vajrii(Indra).In-dra(ne-tra) has a sara in

    him(yama-sara=In-dra).Two bhadras make subhadra and

    Bhadradvaya(Bharadvaaja).Para(man)+sara(bow and arrow)=Paraasara(a high

    priest or praatar .cf. pharisee of the Jews)

    Sto-tra and ho-tra are sastras(sara).

    ma + o,u,uu,sara -> uma,AUM,mitra

    Agna (eka=1) + sara(5) = akshara,pancadasa( 15)

    Alternately saha(with)- sara(arrow) can be sahasra(1000cf: asvinasastra = 1000 or

    more mantras.Aitareya : 17.1.1) or a sahacara(a companion)

    10)

    Heli is the Sun and embrace.

    A dvija is dvi-sha and tvisha(light). Bharadvaaja is vara-dvija.

    Srii can be rati.Refer Agni –Soma pranayana(Aitareya:5:4:1).Dhva-shtrii(dva-

    sariira) can have two bodies.sha (human) + sha( human) = saa (Srii

    bhagavati),pa+pa = paa(to rule,to protect,to drink); pa(man) + sa(formed from the

    legs and hands) + pa (man) = vasu(vaasava);

    purushadvaya = bhadradvaya = subhdra,Bharadvaaja.

    pra(man)+pra(man)=paraavaara

    11) -> +
    Bhadra + usha(vasava,asva,aja) -> bhadraasva(a

    Unicorn),Bharadvaaja,kapotahasta etc.It can mean prayers like

    abhiishtaye te vanema( we worship you to grant our desires),vanaamahe (pray)

    etc.

    sa being patri(bird) ra –vi(bird) is sa-patri(savitri,Gaayatri).Ra-vi(bird) is

    Isis and Ra-avi(aja) is bhadraasva(raaja -unicorn) .

    12) -> +o

    Aruna is anuuru(thighless). A na(cipher,ratna) attached to a sara

    makes naatra,sarana,kirana,trina,nara(na=gem,ra = sara),sarana,mitra etc.

    13) -> -> ->

    Vertical line(a,ra,i) + human(sha,pa) + vertical line(ra,i) =aja, raaja , iisa, pii,srii,

    ravi,etc.The last symbol is a(water) in Sumerian.Compare this with a (bow

    string), ap(pa=water), aabha(bhaa=shine) etc. in Bharata.Vetra shows

    aacaarya(Atri,yasor-Hebrew),bhadra(king) etc..Double vetra is double bhadra =

    subhadra, Bharadvaaja etc.a,pa(two line) + sha,pra(man)=

    aja(Indra),abhra(sky,cloud), aksha,aakaasa bhaasa,bhaata,paada,pada , etc.

    The script reads pa(ap)-sara(ma)-su=apsarasu,subhadra,soma-bhaa etc.

    14) -> + + -> -> -> -> ->

    A hasta(saakhaa-branch=kaasa) or a purusha like a vrisha(bull,Indra) or a

    vriksha(tree, prakaasa) can have a tail(ta) or branch(sa) by the rebus

    paraphrasing.Paana(a hand) can be a baala(vaara=tail) or a vana


    (a tree) . Khaja(khajaa), taalika, prahasta,peta etc. are hands with extended

    fingers.A hasta can be shown as a harana( hand =ya) also.

    Tail(ta,ya) + ma,sha(man) ->yama, dasa,teja,desa ;ta(tail,palm) + va(ka-hand) +

    sha(human) = tavas,sahas,daksha,taksha etc.sha(man) + ra(| )+ra(| )

    = sraa,srii,bhaasa(ra+ra= pa,ii

    etc.)=iisa(lord,goddess).,rosha(anger)etc.Prabhaa(water) in the hand make

    prabhaakara.A bhuja is puuja,pausha and puushan .Paani is vaani(cf.Nabi)

    and haani(loss cf. Pani-the enemy of the Bharats.It indicates harmfull speech and

    deed) .

    ma,pa + va ,u ,vana -> AUM,pavana(the wind hums AUM)

    15) -> + -> -> -> ->

    Vrihadratha is Indra and a yaagapaatra (a sacrificial

    vessel).Kasyapa is a drunkard.Phalguna or phalgunii has a paana in

    them(cf.kataka=ghata). Paana is bhaama .

    Potra is the vajra(paatra) aayudha for Indra and a soma vessel for the

    potri.Balabhadra is a paana paatra .PaaNa(a hand,bhaana=light) can

    be a paana(cup) and baana(arrow) . Paana is a cup,face,hand

    and arrow . A paatra can be a patra(a bird,a leaf) cf .Kamsa(a

    cup) is dahana(agni) and kanja(Brahma).

    Compare sakuna(a bird of good or bad omen with Sumerian sag-gu-


    ne(a cup bearer from Akkadian saaqu or Bharata cashaka) and

    namaskaara with Sumerian- siskur- an offering).

    A paatra (cup) is bharata (agni) and bhadra(king,auspiciousness).

    One who carries agni is an agniidhra (the priest who kindles the

    sacrificial fire). A nipa (a pot ) is a paani(a hand) and shows

    nibha(light).A maanava has a maa-vana,paana in rebus. Kara is

    both a hand and a ray and denotes hara(fire) .

    Sha,pa(human) + pa(paana) -> sava,bhaasa, ,paca, pada, bhaja,

    vaca,japa ,tapa, etc.

    Purusha + pa (paana) -> vrishabha(prabhaata,Indra);

    (u=horn) + sha,ma(man) -> usha(uksha,usra),AUM

    In the seal M-478 bhaama,the cup bearer(pranava) is shown close to a big

    tree as pranava is a para(vara,rava)-vana(tree),bhaana(shine).A

    vriksha is prakaasa and hence represents AUM.Further its humming in the winds

    is also AUM.The planting of big trees like the Fig close

    to temples has this significance and it is seen in Harappa in the priest king’s royal

    courtyard also(Refer Harappa.com)

    pa(purusha)+ usha,ca(cup) = puushaa,bhuja, puuja,bhaja

    ishu(arrow) +baahu(hand) =ikshuvaaku (a Bharata king)

    16) -> + -> ->

    This shows a bhadra(simha)aasana and resembles the mriga,hari

    aasanas.Giripati is sriipati and Sarasvati(giri=gira).Pa(man,ruler,leaf)-dhara


    (hill) is bhadra(king,bull,Taurus,auspiciousness).Giri is srii,guru and raaja.. Pa +

    raaja is praja ,praata , Bharata. and raajabhadra or raaja patra.

    Parvata is prabhaata and bharata(bhaasha).Pada(foot) has a da(hill- to make a

    deva) and da is a bhadra(hill,circle,bull;pa-a,i ,ga,ya,ra = to go,dra=to go) .

    Purusha (vrishaa) is a bhadra(patra) .Ka(man)+ ga(giri) = khaga.Pa(purusha) +

    ka(giri) is bhaga(the Sun,luck cf.Kaaba),kapa(Varuna) etc.Bhadradvaya is

    subhadra and Bharadvaaja.Sreshta is giri(hill) –stha(seated) .Indra is parvataari

    (prabhaata-aru).Agastya is aga(mountain,the Sun;ahas-day)-stha (seated).

    Kri(giri-gira-rica-Rig)-shna(svana,naada cf.kiirtana) is giri-cara,gridhra(garuda-

    daaruka-his vehicle),Vrisha(Indra)-na(like),sravana(veda,Drona=Bharadvaaja)

    and giri-dhara(Govardhana is go-Krishna, vardhana, varshana, bhraajana,

    praasana etc). Compare this script with the figure of a Christian(vasu-Joshua)

    priest holding the Holy Eucharist( the solar disk = praasana-food from prakaasa =

    praasa – food = praata –dawn = bharata-fire = pareta-preta on the cross whose

    body is shared and eaten as in the Sed or Asvamedha ) in his raised hands at the

    rite commemorating the Last Supper in the Holy Mass.Of course kara(a hand ) is

    a giri (a mountain). Vajra(Cakra = bhadra = patra) paani(kara=giri) and

    Bhadra(patra)-Kaali(giri cf.Giri - ja)also can be seen in this script.

    Nara(human,horse) + pa(paada) -> nripa(a king); sha(man)+da(hill) -> dasa; giri

    +sha -> girija, sakra etc.;a+a+ sha = aasa(seat);pa +pa+ sha =

    paasa(rope),bhaasa(light),bhaata(dawn),vaasa(a house),vesa(entry);da(pada)+da

    + sha=daasa(servant)
    The man(bhadra) or leaf(patra) on the mountain(bhadra

    =bharata=parvata=prabhaata=bhaata=bhaasa=bhaasha) is the Unicorn

    (agni-horn) in rebus.The bull was replaced with the mountain and the

    bhadra(vetra) was replaced with the purusha and patra which shows the transition

    to the Krishna with a bhadraa(a cow) cult.Later this

    gave way to the elephant (naaga,bhadra) with the single tusk(bhadra-vetra)as

    Ganesa(Agnesa – Nagesa - Mahesa - Ganesa) .

    mountain(pa)+ma(man)=bhaama,bhiima

    cakra(pa) + cakra(pa)+ man(ma)=bhaama

    pa(leaf)+pa(parvata)=paa,bhaa

    17) -> + + -> -> ->

    Hasta is raksha.Bhadra( | ) is vetra( | ) and vakra( ).

    va(vaahu) + va(vaahu) +ra( raksha ) -> vaara ;

    va+ va+ sakra= bhaaskara,vastra;ushapa,Rudra bhadra etc.

    Soma(homa) + ta = Gomata=Gautama

    - ma+ ru,nu + ta,sha = manusha,marut

    =Raama,raaja,iisa from ra(l) + (ma,sha)

    usha(man+trident) +vaa =vaasu(Vishnu),bhaasu(the Sun),ushapaa(the Sun)

    17) -> + |

    sha,pa ,nara,sara + ra(i ,u) -> sara,raaja,rasa,raja,isha,iisa , rava,nari,srii,

    usha,usra,Indra,Rudra,ira,rama etc.

    The line between the legs can be the sepha(deva).


    ra,i(| ) + a,pa,da(leg) + ka,ga(body) = aika(of one),gai(to sing) ,

    rusha(anger,from sha above ra), isha etc.

    18) -> + ->

    A maanava (man) is a maa(great) – vana(tree).Hence leaf on the body is possible.

    Udara(usra = dawn,the Sun,a bull = praatah = bharata) is a patra(u = va, pa,ya) and

    can be an udaja(a hut).Udara – patra can indicate an udaara(benevolent)- bhadra(a

    king) or usra-bharata = the rising Sun.

    Patiira(udara-belly) can have patra(leaves) or patara(rays) in it.

    A kuksha(belly) can have kusa(grass) or bhuja (a hand) or paksha(wing) as in M-130

    in it.Bali or trivali is folds in the belly.The body(ka) and leaf(pa) form kapa and bhaga

    .Udara is athara(athari=fingers).

    A gaatra (the body) has got a ga (the heart,ka-the body) and tara (fire) in it. Similarly

    udara (the belly) has got an u(a wave) and rada (teeth) in it. In the udara dahana

    (digestion) takes place. Dahana (fire) is harana (a hand). Further udara is bharata

    (fire), patra (a leaf), usra (the Sun, rays, dawn), ushna (fire, the Sun), pacana (fire,

    cooking), vajra (the weapon of Indra), vacana(speech)and vadana (face) also.

    In udara u = va .Hence by rebus substitution udara can have a patra. Udara being

    usra is also bhadra(patra). Purusha + patra = purushabhadra; da,pa (leg)+

    pa(patra) + kara = divaakara,bhaakara;

    sha (man) + pa(patra) = sava(cf.dead body in green leaf),zava,japa,tapa,deva

    etc.Patra being bharata denote pacana(vacana)-agni or pancaagni also.Patra(u) +

    sara(body)= bhadra,usra.
    Sha,ma,na,ra(man)+ya(leaf) =jaya,saya,taya,daya,yaja ,yama(ina),raya etc.

    19) -> + (  ) or ( + )

    Adhikaara is shown by adhi(raised )-kara(hand).It is ma-u-sa =muusa(Soma)

    sha(human) + ra( | ) + sa() = saara , saras,sarat,dasra

    Sa(▬ ) in the kara gives Sakra,raksha,cakra etc.

    U(l)+ sha,ra,na,ma(man)=usha,uma,mu,ru,nu etc.

    20) -> + ▬ -> -> -> ->

    Vaari is a prisoner or slave.A nigada , a rikshalaa or hadi is a shackle for the feet.A

    sandaana is a fetter,sandhaana is union and a santaana is a child.Paadaraksha also can

    be paadabandhana.Vandana makes the god mandaana (pleased).

    Paada bandhana (fettering a leg) is bhaata (dawn )-vandana (worship, veneration).

    This is also achieved by - touching the feet of elders when one is getting blessings,

    drawing the kolam, Drupada bandhana, setu bandhana etc.

    A paada can have a paasa(fetter = sa) in the rebus paraphrasing.

    Paasa + pa(purusha) = vasu,bhaasu(bhatu = vasu),vaasava(vasu)

    The fetter on the leg( na,ka) + leg(a,da,pa) + body(ka, sara) -> agna,

    dahana, saravana etc. Nigada (fetter) is dahana (agni) itself.

    21) -> + -> -> ->

    A paana(hand) is vana(water), vaana(a hole),baana(arrow),vaaca(vaani),

    Kaama(ka=water,light,ma=water,manushya) etc.cf.giirvaana(Naagari). Water carrier

    is the king(pa=va =water,rule)


    This alphabet is ha (throwing from ha-rana,ha-sta=hand).Ha is ja(light).Jala(water

    cf.Sumerian zalag,zal=light) is kara(ray,hand) and kaasa(light,kasa=water,a whip).

    Prabhaakara (the Sun) has prabhaa (rava, rekha) in his kara (a hand). A hasta (a hand)

    has kaasa (light) and paasa (a cord) in it. It is also ha (water, horripilation)-stha

    (seated), varsha (rain, showering) and arka (the Sun). A kara (a hand) is arka (the

    Sun) , kara (the rays); ka (light, fire, water)-ra (fire); kala (a part), var (to desire, ask)

    etc. Hasta is also a patra (a leaf) and bhadra (bharata-fire, light).

    Varshapaani is vajrapaani (Indra) or bhadrakara (causing happiness) or

    bhadrakaali. Purusha is vrisha (bull) and varsha (shower).

    Vertical lines (raa,ii,paa,ha) + sha(man) -> raja,saha, sabhaa,bhaasa,

    bhaasha,bhaata,iisa etc

    Aaghaara is sprinkling fat or clarified butter upon the fire,ghee,butter etc.

    22) -> + + -> ->

    = = sa-ra = ra-vi (vi =bird,horse,arrow) ,whence the replacement.

    Pasupati(subha-diva=good morning) is an adhipati ( a lord) is an asi(arrow) -pati

    (lord).Bhara(load)+asi(spear) = Bhaarati(Sarasvti,speech).

    A maanava is a maapana (scale) and a maa(great) – vana(a tree).

    Dharima (a balance) is Dharma (god of death,justice).Dhurya is a load and a noble

    person .Dhurandhara is an office bearer, Purandara and Surendra .Sreshtha (a noble)

    is sara(arrow) – stha(seated).Sariira is sara(arrow) – ira(word) also.

    The saras is replaced by a sara( ) in the rebus paraphrasing system.


    Srii is sira,siira and siri(a sword,a spear,arrow).Cf.sag-du =a triangle in Sumerian

    from its shape of the head.

    This sara is vacana(AUM,a house,a cloth;pacana=fire),an asi or pati from

    (a,pa,sa) ,sa( ) and na,ra,i( | ).A roof overhead,a cap or crown etc. may be indicated

    by this.The load (bhara) + asi -> bhaarati(Sarasvati,speech). Similarly saras

    substituted by pati is Saraspati (Sarasvati).Sarasvati is Saradhvajii also.

    A-m-su-pa( as in the script) is bhaa-nu(sara) the Sun.

    sara(5)+ bhadra(0)+bhadra(0) +agna(eka) = 5001

    23) -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    (ta-Egyptian from pada)

    A hasta(a hand) is aksha(a snake)..A bhuja is a hand or arm and the coil

    of a snake. pu + sha = usha = bhuja=puuja,subha,Puusha etc.

    Va indicates Varuna,vaahu,auspiciousness and a vyaaghra.cf.H-94.

    Purusha + pa(leaf) + dara(hole) = purusha(vrishaa)bhadra

    pa(purusha) + ca(cakra) + na(cipher) = pacana,bhajana, bhaasana,

    bhaashana, vacana,panca etc.Varsha( shower) is vritta(a circle ) also.

    Pa(Va -outer circle) + ru (inner circle) +na(man)=Varuna(Va)

    Varu = Ravi

    In H-94 this script is accompanied by a tiger(suura).A viira suura

    paraakrami obviously had to be accompanied by a tiger.

    Suunarii(pulari- dawn) is a puli(hari) . Udaya has a bhuja and puujya (a

    cipher) in it.Pritha(a handful) can indicate vritta(a circle) and


    Vrishaa(Indra).

    Bhadra (a circle) paani (a hand) is vajra paani (holding vajra in his hand –Indra),

    varshapaani (showering rains-Indra), cakrapaani (Vishnu) or bhadrakaali (bharata-

    heli, the Sun). Bhadradvaya(two circles) indicate subhadra and Bharadvaaja.

    A paaNa (hand) is a vaana (a hole),vaara(tail),baana(arrow),vana(water) etc.and with

    a maanava(maa=to sound,roar – paaNa=hand) or purusha

    (sara – sa = arrow like cf.praja ) can indicate sravana(pranava=sara,baana -rava).

    sha – ka – va- da,ra - > daksha (a Prajaapati, agni), divasa (a day), raksha (protection),

    harsha (happiness).

    A cakra by itself is Sakra (Indra), vajra (the weapon of Indra), raksha (protection, an

    amulet), rakta (blood, red), raaja (a king), akshara (an alphabet, imperishable),

    makara (an alligator) etc.

    sha(man) – pa (circle) – va(tiger) -> Vasu(Vaasava)

    ma(man)+ pa(big circle)+ na(small circle) = maanava

    In H-94 ,the ( a, pa) – (sa) ( pa )->asva(Vaasava ) ,raksha( bolt ) confirms

    this.

    agna(eka=sa) + bhadra(0) + bhadra(0) = sata (100)

    24) -> ->

    A pataaka can show bhadaaka(happiness,auspiciousness).Usra is dawn.

    Sara + dhvaja = sarasvati ; sa(parasu) + ka(cross,head) + ra,i(vertical line) =


    Sakra,sakhi ,kiisa,raksha,rakta,sagara,cakra etc.To vrasc(cut down) is to

    bhraaj (prakaas-to shine).A vrascana(axe,parasu) is sravana(ear,ear,veda) and

    Krishna(cf.Parasu –kratu-Raama) in rebus.Srava(ear) being bhadra(paada-foot),kaatu(ear)

    is kaalu(leg) in Malayalam.Sravana is Drona(Bharadvaaja) also .The bucket arrangement

    (cf.asmacakra) could be to draw water or as a sling to throw stones on enemies.Parasu

    can indicate parasva (day after tomorrow,day before yesterday) Bhrigu and praak(the

    east.cf.RV. 1.58.6).Ketu is a flagmast or flag.

    Sumerian gin(small axe-head ) used as money may also be indicated in this.

    25) -> + + -> -> -> -> ->

    a,da,pa,u,go ( ) +na, ka,sa( ) + ra( ) -> arka,agra,dahara,dahra,vakra ,

    kripa,nripa,usra(Rudra),gotra(=pen=hotaara,huta,hutaasa,gosa) etc.pa,da(pataaka,pada,a

    bucket or jalayantra)+ka(cross)+ ra,i(vertical line) =kripa,bharga etc.Ketu is a flag or

    flagmast.

    Ra+ka+sa=raksha

    = =paa +sa = bhaasa,vaasa .Fish becomes a vis(house) as pasta(matsa) is

    vasati(a house).

    26) -> + -> -> -> -> ->

    The head is a bird(from the shape with two patras-sravas- on the sides).

    A bird is vi(a bird,a horse,arrow,marut,soma). Hence by appending

    the vi symbol here the head is shown in rebus.


    ra (nara) + vi ( ) -> ravi,viira ; sha (man) + raa ( ) -> sraa,srava(Diirghsravas),with

    matsa it is Diirghatamas(matsa=tamas).

    is the patra(srava) of the asva(nara) and attaching it to the bhadra(man) the

    bhadraasva(Indra) is shown.He can be the sacrificial victim

    in the asvamedha.

    a + sha = aja =

    ma, na(man) + sa( ) = dhana,naatha,ushna etc.

    27) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> > ->

    -> ->

    A Bhadraa is bhadra,praata and bharata. A yoshaa is usha. It is the principle behind the

    dancing girl images.

    28) -> ->

    A ra,na or sa is appended to the kara or hasta to rebus it and make it read a,da,pa(leg) –

    ka(gaatra) – na,ra,sa,u( the line) = agna,agra,arka,dahana,dahara,aksha,daksha,

    paksha ,bhakta,usha( from aka = sa = sha,line = u) etc.Dvibhadra is subhadra and

    Bharadvaaja.

    From nara(a man) na(man) can have a ra(a unicorn like horn). Nara is the king

    and the sacrificial asva.

    29) -> +
    A hook is an anka (cf.Egyptian ankh = a cross) which denotes agna(fire) and anga(a

    limb).Rudra is a ru-sara and ruca-ra.A cross is a ru and a sara with it gives Rudra.

    A sa () is attached to the sara to make it ka-sara(gaatra) in rebus style.

    Ka is srii and gaatra is vakra, rakta and raksha. Hence this is a srii raksha.

    This the principle of the Holy communion and the bishops carry the crook

    fashioned on this principle.

    ra ( | ), sa(), sa ( ) -> saras (siras – the head, a chief) ;

    ka( ) – sa ( ) - > kaasa (light),saha (strength);

    sara,ka ( ) – ka( ) -> ghasra (the Sun, day), karsha (the act of drawing or

    attracting), garja (a roaring sound), harsha (happiness), Sakra (Indra), khaga(the Sun);

    a ,pa( ) - ka ( ) -> aga,bhaga

    30) -> -> ->

    In rebus a viirabhadra(prabhaata) ought to have a vaara (a tail) to become the

    horse of the Asvamedha. A marta(a man) being nara (a man) – ta(a tail) has a tail. A

    purusha being a vrisha has a tail.Similarly a Baalakhilya can have a baala (vaara

    -tail).A male’s phallus(sepha) is a baala ( paasa).

    a(foot) - ra(line) – ka(body) -> arka (the Sun), kara (a ray), vaara (a tail); pa(man)+

    ta,ra(tail) -> tapa,deva,pada,bhaata,bhaasa,rava etc.

    31) -> + -> -> -> ->


    A caapii or caarii is srii or Sakra.Kasyapa has a caapa. A hasta is an aksha or a

    paksha. Paasadhara(Varuna) is caapadhara(Savitri).

    A vakra is a vetra and a bhadra.A caapadhaari is Savitri.

    sha(man) + caapa(aasa) = pacata; bhadra(vakra)+ bhadra(man) =

    subhadra, Bharadvaaja. sha +va(vakra=caapa)=

    sava,vaca,saasa(rule,give = daana) etc.

    na(man) + ca,va(caapa or tail) = dhana,vacana,vana,nava(maanava has vana and

    nava in him).

    32) -> -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -

    >

    A pataaka(flag) can indicate bhadaaka(auspiciosness) and a marta and his masta can

    become the mast.Jatabharata is a fool and has a patra like jata but as jala-bhadra is

    Sarasvati.

    Bhadra(Atharva,Bharata) is the head(a cipher,chief).In rebus it can be replaced by a

    patra(srava = leaf;sira=ila in Malayalam) with a bhadra, dara or ra( = a dot) in

    it.Bhadra(man) + bhadra(head) = subhadra,Bharadvaaja.

    a(foot) + ka(gaatra) + sa(srava) + ra(dot) = akshara,raksha,rakta,Sakra;

    sara(srava) + bhadra(man) = sriibhadra;sha(sa=man) + patra = saavitra


    na(nara)+ pa(leaf) + ra(dot) = nripa(king),bharana(rule),Varuna(a god)

    33) -> + -> -> -> -> (su-hand-Sumer)

    -> se(barley-Sumer). Compare has(kara)-ta(tail);bhadra(patra) and bhaas-kara(the

    Sun) with the Sumerian symbols.

    Kacahasta is made up hair .It shows the solar rays.Harana is a hand.Kirana is a

    ray.kara+sa(raksha) is karaja, raksha,Sakra etc.Pratisara is a raksha on the hand.

    The bangles(raksha) or thorns on the hands of the deities (e.g. M-1186, K-50 etc.)

    make them prabhaakara (the Sun). Prabhaa is parva ( a part ). The bangles create

    parvas (parts) on the hand. It is also bhadra (vajra) paani.

    Raksha on the hand of agni(man) indicates agni na bhadra(let agni bless us)

    also.Sha(sa=man)-ra(hand)- sa(cross lines) = saras,sarat,dasra etc.

    Having a kara which has sa(raksha) is Sakra and agna in rebus.

    Kaa( ) + sha(man) -> kaasa(prakaasa) or kaasa + sha =

    cakaasa=sahas(strength,Mrigasiirsha) = M-410cf.kara =nakra=Makara

    =Sakra = mahira

    Do(hand)+do(hand)+ sha(man)=dosha(harm),doshaa(night).

    34)
    Prahasta or peta is the hand with the fingers extended.

    Karaja is Sakra.

    The kara (a hand) is replaced by a harana (a hand) symbol here.

    Sha (man) – ka –ra - > Sakra (Indra) ;

    pa(leg)+ ra( | ) + ka(body) + ta(tail) -> prakaasa(light); sa(hand)+ agna(man)+ ra(|) =

    Sankara; pa(leg)+ i(| )+ ka(body)+ ta(hand) = bhiksha,pakshi

    u(the palm) + sha(man) + ra (line) -> usra(dawn,a bull,the Sun)

    ya(palm) + sha(man) +na(dot) =yajna(sacrifice)

    35) ->

    Kali(kalika-a bud,a sprout = mukura,mukula etc ) is kali (the Sun,the deity of

    gambling ),heli(the Sun),kalya(dawn),kanya(a virgin),and bali(sacrifice).Mukura is a

    bud.Suma (a flower) can be zoma or sona.

    Varaanga is bhadra(the head,phallus =sa,ra ) and patra (=yoni = pa, ya).

    Ra (vertical line)+ ka,va( v) + sa( ) = raksha (protection, an amulet), rakta (blood, red),

    Sakra (Indra), kraya (purchase).

    ka( stem) + va(v) + sa() = kavaca,vaacaka

    A saakha (branch) is sa (like)-ka (v). A sakhaa (friend) is sa (like)-ka


    ( v ).

    c) va(v)+ra(| ) + va(v) + sa = prabhaata,vrishabha

    36) -> + -> -> (M -410)-> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> ->

    Sravana (ear – nakra,karna) eats sounds(pisces-aspa,pasta,sabda).

    Karna agrees with harana(a hand ).Hence the nakra on the hand.

    For a hasta(hand) it can be pasta(fish ) or for paani(hand) it can be a phana(snake) as

    in some seals.

    Sravana is Saravana and Drona(Bharadvaaja)..

    Prahasta (prakaasa) is a graaha. Anugraha (blessing) is anu (marta –

    matsa)- graaha(alligator).Sa(god) – bhaashana(speech) is

    Sarasvati.The script also reads the same. Makaradhavaja is

    Kaamadeva.Makaraasva(= mahisha) is Varuna.Hasta is padma and

    bhasana. Harana is replaced bya vakra, nakra or makara in rebus.Marka

    (eclipse) being seizure it can be a solar(agni)- eclipse also.

    sha(man) – u(uluupi),na(nakra) -> jina,dina,dhana,sana,usha ->


    M- 410( u-sa = usha=aja= ) or ca(fish)+ghaza(food)

    =cakaas=caksha=sahas(strength,Mrigasiirsha)

    anu(sha) – ra – ka- na(nakra,marka)) -> Sankara (Siva), dhanakara (causing wealth and

    prosperity), dinakara (the Sun). A harana (a hand) can hold a nakra( bee, wasp, nose,

    alligator) or makara (a crocodile). A kara (a hand) does graaha (grasping, a crocodile). A

    matsa (fish) is a marta (a man) and pacata(Indra,the Sun). A fish eating alligator (seals:

    M-410, M-482, M-1429, H-172 etc.) can become a man holding an alligator(fish).

    Sankara is also dhanakara (Kubera) . A bhasana is a vadana and it is the chopped

    vadana of a matsa (mahisha ) used for sacrifice.

    a,da(foot) – ka(body) – pa – sa – na (bhasana=bha,sa,na)-> aga (the Sun)- bhasana (a

    beetle), bhaasana (shine), bhaashana (speech), vadana (face), vacana (speech),bhaajana(a

    vessel),aajnaa(a command), agna(fire = srii), bhadra(king,happiness),dahana(fire) ,

    bhadaaka(happiness) .

    Hasta (a hand) is masta (the head), nasta (the nose),paksha(wing),vaktaa(one who

    speaks), bhaksha(drinking or eating,drink or food), paktaa(fire),bhakta(a devotee) and

    ukta(speech).Food is tha.In a hasta the ta can be replaced by tha (food),since we take food

    to the mouth with the hand.In DTIS page 112 Fig 7.14 C5a,C5b,C6 and C9 ,this script

    represents the mouth. Bhadra(man) + bhaksha(food) is bhaksha bhadra (let you be

    blessed with food),bhadra + uktaa = bhadram te (happiness to you) etc.

    ka(aga) – ra,pa - ka – ta,sa ->rakshaka (a protector), bhakshaka (one who eats or drinks)

    Aga (the Sun) is ka (agni, Brahmaa) and kha (the Sun).


    ka – ra – ka,sa -> karka(fire, kataka – Cancer –a crab)

    ka- tha - > kathaa (speech),ghata(a pot cf.kumbha)

    aga,ka – na - > agna (fire), naka (the Sun)

    sha – u - > usha(dawn) . It is viirabhadra or the tail of the fish – bull.

    -> ra+sa+va+ra = vritra(Indra), svara(sound)

    ma(man) + bhringa(sringa=pranava) = AUM.The fish and birds with wings,the bull with

    horns ,the trees with sringas all indicate AUM. The deer with multiple horns is hence a

    powerful representative of AUM .Refer seal

    K-50 where the deity has a horn with multiple branches.

    37)

    This can be a Brahmin with a Brahmayashti.Indra is baahudanti.Vishnu

    has a totravetra.Vaara with a vetra make one a viirabhadra.Sa(with)-

    ta(tail) is sata(hundred),jaata(born=a child=baala=vaara),sadaa(always)

    etc.ta(tail),sha(hair=tail of head) –a(foot), ka(body),sha(man) – ra(vetra)

    - > rakta (blood, red), raksha (protection), raaja (a king), Sakra (Indra) ,

    dasra(Asvini)
    ta(tail) –sha (man) – vetra(fishing rod) -> daasa (a servant,a fisherman).Raaja is a

    daasa.In this script both are combined . It is hence Peter ,the chief fisherman. Vaal is

    a tail and vaalan is a fisherman in Malayaalam.Saavitra is sa (with,god) –vetra(a

    staff).

    ta(tail) – ra(nara),pa(purusha),nara – i,ra(vetra) ->

    srii,patra,bhadra,bharata,Indra,devi

    a(foot) –ka(body)-ta(tail)- ra(stick)-> akshara

    ra(|) +a, pa (man) + ta(tail) -> Revata,devata,raadha(prakaasa has a tail)

    38) -> + + -> ->

    Prabhaata is tripaad(three-footed,making three steps like Vishnu).Bhadra(purusha) is

    pada.ca(circle,da=hill) – tri(three) is Dhaatri,Tvashtri etc.

    pa(purusha)+sa(horizontal yoke)+ pa(the leg in the triangle)+sa(the horizontal lines in

    the triangle)+ pa(purusha)+ sa(horizontal yoke) =

    tri-pasa -> prabhaata,prakaasa,patatri(day and night,arrow,bird,horse)

    (maka,saka) + (maha,saka) + (pasa,vaca,vaaja,aja) =mahaapatha(a

    mountain that leads to heaven) . (ka,ra) + ▬ (sa) = kaasa,raaja + =

    Raaja(bhadra) vaaja (food ,vaca=speech) is bhaata kaasa(light of dawn) and

    Bharadvaaja.
    39) -> + -> -> ->

    A hasta can be kasa (a whip,water),kasha (a touchstone, a whip), kaasa(shine, light),

    bhadra (a circle), patra (a leaf), masta (the head), nasta (the nose) ,matsa (a fish),aksha(a

    snake),bhuja(coil of a snake) etc.A maanava can hold a ma(matsa),na(naaga) or

    va(vaata=an eclosed field,a house plot) in rebus. This script is hence a variant of the

    matsya-martya or man holding fish in the hands diagrams.

    Agna(ra=nara= a man)has a na in the head.The head(masta) is the hand(hasta) and a

    fish(matsa) in rebus.A hand being a harana is also a kara(hand)+ na( naaga –

    snake).Phana(the hood of a snake) is paaNa(paani-a hand). In Malayaalam patti

    denotes the palm and the hood of a snake.PaNa denotes

    Vishnu,price,wage,money,chess,a market etc.

    Kaippatti(palm) can mean kaippatti(I got it) also in Malayalam.

    a(leg) + ka(body) + na(naaga,phana) =agna

    Man being agna ,agna+ phana = agnabhaana=sunshine

    Nara(man=na,ra)+ phaNa(sa-ka) = Narada,dhana,raksha

    40) -> + or + -> -> -> -> ->


    Paada (four) is bhadra(four paada of animals or a cot,the four directions

    etc), aasa(seat), bhaata(dawn), bhaasa(light), visva(wholecf.Visvaavasu),

    usha,aja( ) etc. Bhadra is pati(lord) and raksha(protection).

    Vri (to cover) is pari(around),and vaari(water=ap,pa,bhaa etc.) also.The

    four dot kavaca can be svaahaa also.

    Bhadra(man) + bhadra(vetra)+ bhadra(catura) ->

    tribhadra,sriibhadra,tripatra,patri etc.

    ap,paa,vri,visva( ) +nara, sha,pa(man) + ra(vetra) =

    apsara,prabhaa,Vritra(Indra,enemy of vritra=night),Visvaanara

    nara( ) + bhadra( =ii,pa) = narabhadra(narapati,nripa)

    nara + iiii ( ) = narii ( a woman)

    nara(sha,ma) +ra, i(staff) + sa(four dots) =iisa-

    nara=Indra,Sani,nisa(night),sarma.(happiness),Dharma(god of death-he

    carries a staffand is called dandhadhara),marta(a man-just the component

    letters are shown ),samara(fight),smara(kaama)

    The four dots can represent a pravana which is pranava(AUM) in

    disguise.Hence it can be AUM na,ra(|)- pa(purusha) =the AUM rava(sound)

    also.
    41) -> ma+ sa + sara + 0 na = candra-ma

    This is a bhdraasva(Bharadvaaja)

    pa(0) + sa(horizontal rectangle) + ra(|) = bhadra + aja( ) + pa( ) .A cross

    too is a bhadra.Compare this with the biblical concept of the Aries

    lamb(lamp also) bearing the Sun cross removing the sins(darkness) of

    man. If we examine the sign list given in the beginning we can see

    that the majority of the scripts relate to aja( ),uksha( ),praasa-praatah(

    ) and bhadra-bharata( )

    implying the bharadvaaja themes of fire(bharata) and dawn(praatah-

    bharata) worship.

    a(leg)+ ra(gaatra)+ ka(head)+bhadra=arka bhadra = bhadrakara(causing

    happiness).

    42) -> + -> - -> -> -> (t-

    Egyptian)

    Bhadradvaya is Bharadvaaja and subhadra.Bhadratraya

    is Dhaatri.
    A paada(foot) is bhadra(a wheel,cipher).

    A cakra (wheel ) is Caraka(a rishi), Sakra (Indra), raksha (protection), rakta

    (blood, red),bhadra(king,happiness,a bull),bharata(fire) etc. Hence cakra

    paada (with a wheel footwear) is Sakra (Indra)-paatha (the Sun, agni).

    Paada is also pada (a word, foot, ray). Hence cakrapaada becomes

    cakrapada or cakra (Sakra) itself. A cakra is also a bhadra and cakrapada is

    bhadra (proshta) pada (the fifth lunar month)or bhadra (bharata-fire) itself.

    A paada denotes bhaata (dawn) and bhaasa (light).Prabhaata can be

    vara(covered)- paada(feet) . A paada (foot) or pada (foot) is pa (the

    alphabet)-sa (like, the alphabet),aasa(seat) also.Hence the paada is seated in

    the bhadra(circle-> pa).

    Bhadrapaada is Bharata bhaasha(Bharadvaaja -

    Drona; the Bharata language) also.

    sha – na,pa – sa,ka- ra -> Sankara (Sakra) ,bhadrata (safety),

    bhadraka (good, brave, fine, handsome, an amulet),sakta (strong,

    powerful)

    pa,ca(cakra,bhadra) – ra,,sha,na(man) – pa,ca -> prabhaa

    (light),bhaasa(light,pa+pa=paa),bhaata(dawn),bhaana(shine),Vena(a king) etc.

    A cakra is a bhadra (a circle) and a darsa (eye). A bhadra is a patra (a leaf) and

    a parvata( a mountain). A patra is a pa.Pa + dhara(mountain) =bhadra,bharata;

    pa+ga(giri) =bhaga(a deity,luck),kapa(Varuna)


    Pada has da in it. Pada( paada) is bhadra and asva. Da is dha and dha is dharma.

    Dharma cakra is kaala cakra. Refer no 36 where a nakra is in the hand. Here the

    foot is in a cakra (bhadra). Hence a hasta(harana) is a nakra (graaha-a nakra,

    grasping) and a pada is a patra (bhadra) in rebus. The English P and the bharata

    are thus pada (patra) figures and is rava(ru,the Sun). Bhadra is pada (foot)-ra

    (to go, fire) itself or paada(feet = four ) .

    a) A paadaraksha (a footwear) had to be a cakra on the paada.

    b) pa,ca(cakra,bhadra) – sha(man) – pa,ca - > Vaasava(Indra)

    43) -> + or + ->

    Prabhaata and prataapa have a para(vara), guru(great), rik(gira,rica) – pada

    (foot,word); a para(vara)-paasa(rope) . Prakaasa has a para(vara)- kasaa(a

    whip=paasa).Pradosha has a para (vara) – do(dos -hand) in rebus. Tuurya ,a drum is

    svara and suurya.Pataha is sabda and tapasa.The box is bharata(sacrificial fire- pit)

    from pa(outer lines) + ra(vertical middle line) + sa(horizontal line=dhara).Ra(|) is fire,

    bhadra(purusha,agna =sha) is fire and bharata (box with cross) is fire. Hence ra+ sha+

    pa = bhadra,svara,revata,devata etc.Diirghapaatha,diirghapaada,Diirghabaahu etc.

    may also be indicated in this script.

    44) -> ->


    Carani(an active person) is a sarani(a path)and tarani(the Sun) in

    rebus.Prakaasa is vriksha.Vana is bhaana and phana(a serpent) and a sarpa

    is praatah,bahadra , vajra and varsha. Sa(wall,sarpa,iisa) is bhaa(light)

    ja(light) and jha(thunderstorm,Indra).Va(pa,ma) water is varsha and

    vakra.Ap(water) is aabhaa(shine).A kavaca can indicate svaaha.The water

    mark shows yahva(a lord).

    Pa,va(water) + ru(u = trident) +sha(man) = purusha,vrishaa(Indra)

    u(horn) + sha(man=sa),ra(nara) + sa,pa,ja,va(curves)=

    ushas(dawn),ushapa(the Sun),puushaa(the Sun = Musha = Moses=sunrise

    in Hebrew),usra(dawn,the Sun,a bull)

    Manusha is marut ,mruta,dharma etc

    padra (a road) +agna,Sakra - >Sakra, agna (fire)-bhadra (auspicious,a king,protected);

    bhadra (a king)- aajna (command) ;agna (fire)-bharata (fire);padra – ra(man) –

    ca(horn) - > raaja padra (royal street,great king)

    45) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> ->


    This can be a conch-shell(sveta=divasa ) and hence represent O(Brahmaa) or AUM

    (the sound of the conch.cf.yom = day-Hebrew).Kambu is kambuka(bangle made of

    kambu), and sambhu(causing happiness) in rebus. Sveta is also one of the seven

    tongues of fire(seven weekdays) and made up hair.

    sa-va – ra,da -> svara,dvaara,varsha(cf. shofar and rosh

    hashana),srava(ear,veda,food) ,jvaala,sveta etc.

    46) -> -> ->

    sha(hair-kesa) + ka(the v horn symbol) + ra(|) ->

    Sakra,rakta,raksha,Sagara,prakaasa etc.This is also a sveta

    symbol from ca(0) + va + ca( 0) = sveta

    47) -> + + -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> ->

    V(Va- the alphabet,a hand,trina,Varuna,U – the alphabet)->

    -> -> ->

    Kausika is Indra and a snake-charmer. An elephant(naga,bhadra) is a

    mountain(naga,aga) , a snake(naaga) and a tree(aga,naga).


    Naaga(cf. the snake; naaka= the sky,an arrow)pura is Hastinapura which is

    also Dvaaraka(svarga = naaka).

    Aksha (a snake =a) is a hasta(a hand=ha,da).Agna is asva,asana,and aasana(aasa-

    bow,seat,buttocks,face = aja). Avaroha is a climber plant.Saaka is a plant.Hence it is the

    soma plant. Soma is sona(fire) itself. Drumaasraya,vidaaru,palli,bimba(cf.simha) etc.

    are chameleons or lizards.

    aja = bhasana =bhasma(applied on the forehead)

    It has a sound value of na(agna=soma,sona) or sha ( agna = man = sha)

    a,da,pa(leg) – ka,sa,va(horn),ha – na(gem,cipher) -> agna (fire),avana(salvation),

    naga (the Sun,a snake), naaga(a snake),gana (a group), jna (a learned

    person),nakra(an alligator =U),mahira(the Sun),Sakra (Indra), sarpa (a snake),

    dahra(fire,Varuna), dahana(fire),harana(fire,a hand),hari(Indra,a lion,horse,the Sun),

    sahari(the Sun,a lamp) etc.Tapana has a phana(hood of snake),paaNa(hand) and

    vana(tree,house,water) in him.

    -> (a,da,pa,sa,na) + ka,van,u, ra,ca + 0 (na,ma,ka,pa) = agna,dahana

    ,suna,soma,sona = ra (agni)

    ra + ≡ (sa,ma) = sara,tra,mara,rama,Raama,nara,raaja etc.

    This is a trina or drumaasraya script.


    a,pa,da – ka,va,sa – na,pa – ma,sa,na,ha,ra,va,i (dropping lines) - >nakra (an

    alligator), Sakra (Indra), sarpa (a snake), krayana

    (purchase),Vaasava(Indra),dahana(agni),agni(fire),pavana(wind),paavana(pure,fire),p

    aadapa(a tree),dahara,pranava,drughana

    (Brahma,an axe),harana(fire,a hand)

    Agna is sarpa as aga (the Sun, a snake,a tree,a mountain), naga (the Sun, a snake,a

    mountain,an elephant),sarpa (bharata-fire,bhadra-a circle, the Sun) etc. Agna ia also

    babhru(a mongoose-the enemy of a snake).As Nakula(a = na,na = la;a mongoose,a

    musical instrument,Siva) it denotes the vedic lineage of Vaamadeva or

    Visvaamitra.Agna was worshipped as naga(= aga = a tree,a mountain,an elephant,a

    snake) as seen in the seals and in the Bible(cf.bronze snake in Numbers:21) also .

    Agna (a man) is sha, na, ra or sa. Agna is nakra , Sakra,sisna(a phallus),vahana(a

    vehicle, a hand),Vaasava(Indra) and paadapa (a tree).

    Agna(a = ) + i,pa,ha,sara (leaf ,hand or water symbol ) ->ai(Siva) ,

    agni,asmi,pavana

    The Pharaoh being a bhadra had a sarpa on his forehead.Sarva (Siva) has a sarpa as a

    haara on his gala. There is a sara called naagaastra.Kaala sarpa is kaala cakra.

    Sarpa is also sayana(sex) .Bhoga is sex and a snake.Kaama(sex) is naaga(a snake) and

    kara(a hand,creation).Hence the original sin came through a snake.


    a) sa – ra – ka – a - > akshara (imperishable, an alphabet), raksha (protection), Sakra

    (Indra), nakra (an alligator)

    Sarpa was used as a raksha even in the Bible.

    The hood and body of a snake form the trunk and head of an elephant. Ganesa is naga-

    iisa; Mahesa (Siva); naaga (an elephant)-iisa (god); and naaka (the sky)-iisa (lord).

    Sarpa is sa ( ), ra( | ) ,pa( ) or sara(arrow)- va(like) or sara itself.Sara is

    caara (motion).The symbol is the bhaga (the Sun,vulva) and the head of the

    sisna(naaga,sarpa) is received by it in coition(the sin of origin).Sara is also gara

    (poison,swallowing) and sarpa is also garbha.Sara is a sa(a weapon,a bird,the end ra can

    be made silent as patra is pata – a hood) . Sarpa is also naaga .Hence naaga is sara or sa

    is ga .In the Malayalam alphabet this principle has been adopted and the g is s and s is g

    in Malayalam.This symbol hence denotes alphabets signifying motion like

    a,i,ga,ca,na,ma,ya,ra,sa etc. like /\ .The English a is the same as g and s or sa the first

    note is a (the first vowel) and ka (the first consonant).A ra under an alphabet can make it

    move( i ) and a ra on it lifts it like a horn ( u,va ),nakra(uluupi) ,or harana(hasta).

    48) -> + -> -> -> (ninda-bread-Sumerian)


    ka, ta – na -> jan (to cause to be born),dhana(wealth), dhaanya (a grain), naatha (a

    leader, a lord),naada(sound), jna (learned), snaa (to bathe), mada (sexual passion),

    tan (a son, to spread or extend, to shine, to sound),medha(veda,vedha),kana(small

    grain,a drop),asana(food= agna,wheat=heat,arici=srii,vriihi-

    rice=birhi=fire,adana=food, eating),vaara(tail),rava(sound,the

    Sun),vana(water,tree),nava(praise,nine) etc.Vaaja(food) is vaca(the Sun, speech),

    bhaasa(light) and bhaata(dawn). pa+ ≡ sa = vaca,bhaasa,

    bhaata etc.(cf. the pasach feast)

    Go-dhuuma has a go in it.A corn is a horn and a Unicorn. We don’t know if this

    indicate the coining of the word itself.Pehaps it can represent Go-tama(Gautama=go-

    the Sun-sama) and go-thra(a field) where the yajna of man and the go(bull) resultin

    the crop. Refer Pasu ishti (Aitareya : 6:9:1-2) where dhaanya(grain) is considered as a

    sacrificial pasu(the husk is skin,the bran is blood,the seed is the flesh and bone).Also

    it is said that rice and barley were born from the sacrificial portion of man and

    pasu(ie.the fruit of their toil : Aitareya :7.1.12).The dhuuma can be

    soma,sona,suuna(suma) and the go(ku) is the earth itself or the Sun.The go raises the

    dhuuma of the ku during ploughing.The grain is suuna(born) from ku and go hence.A

    bhadra (a circle) being a bhadra(a bull) should have a tail.Sed is the bull’s tail .It can

    also mean bhadra(five)-vaara(times).The number 9 is a bull’s tail.

    A son is the tail of the father.The Brahmins wear a tail(sikha or saakha) like this on

    the head to show they are jna .Viirabhadra too had a tail.
    The vedic art of word formation is clearly seen in this script.A dhaanya

    (grain) = asana,adana (food) = bha(a)d(sa)ra(na) =bull with a tail = bha(va)d(ha)ra(ri)

    =varhi,vahni,srii = vriihi = arici(Dravidian).Dhaanya

    is cooked in srii and is hence srii. Also food generates fire in the body.

    Praataraasa (praatal=breakfast in Malayalam cf.praatar = bharata ) is

    breakfast.Srona(rice gruel) is Drona(Bharadvaaja),sravana(veda) and pranava

    ( AUM).

    49) -> 0 + or + > -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> > -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> d (Egyptian) = dos(Bharata),da(Sumer)->

    (Brahmi) -> aleph(protosinaitic)

    Ma (water,matsa,masta,nasta) is ha ( hasta) . Vadana(mouth) is

    vacana,vasana,matsa,masta,nasta, bhasana,asana,agna and vesa(vesana=a

    house,entrance,door)
    0=∆(va,pa,na,ca) + (a,da,pa,sa,ra) + (ka,va,sa,pa,) ->

    , , -> ->

    asva,agna,naga,gaana,saama,vaca,bhaasa,vesa,bhaasha,vaasa(house)

    The open mouth figure can indicate bhaasha,bhaksha etc.

    and AAAA …the first vowel which we produce by opening the mouth

    aghast or the AUM. Hence the Proto-Sinaitic has the aleph from this

    symbol.A vaadya (musical instrument) denotes udaya(sunrise) ,

    vadana(mouth) and vacana.Luutaa(uurnanaabhaa-a spider,an ant)

    is Lot(Abraham’s nephew Genesis:11) and rucaa(light).

    It is the figure of the hand(harana,hasta,dos),ear(srava),eye(drishti),

    mouth(vadana),nasta(nose),alligator(makara-nakra) , a dhrishti(a pair of tongs),

    bhasana(bhringa- a beetle),bhaksha(food),uksha(a bull),srii(a

    spider=bhadra),karkata(a crab) etc.Harana ,karna,makara,markata etc exhibit the

    common character of graaha(grahana).Ghraana is a nakra.A spider(bhadra) is

    markata(markaka),tantuvaaya(tantuvaapa is a weaver),uurnapata, luutaa etc.A shatpada

    (insect) indicates satphala(favourale or auspicious result).


    na,pa,va,u(0) – ka,sa( ) - sa,ra(>) - >nakra (an alligator, the nose), netra (an eye),

    karna (an ear), kirana (the Sun, a ray), nagara (a town), Sakra (Indra), agna (fire),

    naga (the Sun), anga (a limb), gana (a group), Vaasava(Indra), kara(harana –hand)

    A hasta(ha-da) is ka, ra, va,pa,da, ha and sa. Hence it is kara,bhuja,baahu,

    vaaha(vaahaa) and hasta.It is also kasa,kaasa and gaja .

    pa – ka,va – sa -> bhaga (the Sun, prosperity),paksha(wing,a

    bird),bhaksha(food,drink),Vaasava(Indra)

    pa – sa - na ->vadana (face, mouth), vacana (speech,AUM), pacana (fire, cooking),

    vasana (a cloth, a house), bhasma (ash), bhaasana (shining), bhaashana (speech). This

    sign is hence placed in the head as in the copper tablets (DTIS page 112) to denote

    the AUM by the open mouth.

    A bhr-in-ga is pra-na-va(AUM) like all other sringas.

    A makara(ghraana) is made a mayuura in this script: .

    sa(<) + ka, ra(0) + ii (the side lines) =kiisa, srii(a spider,speech,the Sun,light).The

    lines placed above can be u and below is i . In Sumerian

    also u is that which is above(cf.horn in Bharata) and i(cf.leg in Bharata is a = i) is that

    which is pressed below.

    Vaadyas are vadanas(mouths).Viina is vaani(speech) and paani

    (a hand) and a paana(a cup).


    Look at the following inscription M-66where the hasta(matsa) symbol

    serves as the AUM to begin a mantra and the aja(aja-eva –paada)

    symbol terminates the inscription

    The hasta(rakshana) vacana(vaadana=AUM=uma=ina,nu,nau) symbol on the left

    is the AUM from o(a) + -(ma,sa) + u( ). This is the ear(srava = patra,bhadra)

    with a ring or hand(karna,harana,hasta,bhadra) with a bangle.The symbol on the last

    is the aja bhadra(=sa,ka). =ma(mukha + netra=mantra),

    =ha(harana,karna,kirana),pa,sa =a,e,va,na,sa =

    sa,sva,subha,bhaasa,paada,vaaja,sobha,bhadra(stop) su,rava,ru,raya,sra,sri

    =kara,sri,tra,dru,ta,ya,u,ha

    Hence from left to right we have

    AUM ma –ha-e-sa- bhaaskara –aja-eka-paada(vaca-eva-paada: stop) (A mantra) ..

    In the inscription the aja symbol is given at the extreme right bottom
    indicating that the writer began his writing from the left and the

    direction of reading is in the direction it is written in the mantra

    style . The symbols and (sa=da =border or fence) serve as pada(word,line)

    breaks.These being paada(bhadra) is the equivalent of the later Devanaagari bhadra(|)

    used to terminate sentences..

    We can read this from right to left when

    we will have the following readings.

    Aum(raksha-ka,na) netra gni a paada sra ha sa =

    Sahasrapaada agninetra raksha(ka,na)

    The inscription is accompanied by the Unicorn and the Bharadvaaja drona(arani)

    indicating its mantra nature further.

    Take another example M-595a

    aja(sa) soma(om) hara(kara) srii(agni,arani) vi(dvi,soma)

    ca(cakra,Sakra,bhadra) =

    sa(he, god) savitri(pavitra) hara soma or sa(god)) savitri omkaara(angaara)


    saavitra deva (the Sun god ) or incantation of a mantra with saavitra devata was

    intended .The Unicorn and the

    bharata seal accompany the script.

    Here the reading is from the right to the left as the aja eka paada(atha eka paada)

    terminates the paada(line) at the left.

    50) -> -> -> -> -> -> ha(Egyptian) =

    hiiraa(Bharata)

    Bhadra(cipher)dvaya is subhadra and Bharadvaaja.

    A hiiraa(kiita,hari,srii) is an ant. A matka(dahana,pacata) is a bug.A strii(srii) is a white

    ant.An ukuna( a bug=agna) denotes u .

    sa(wing) – na,ra,ka(0) – na(0) – i i(lines) - > jananii (mother, a bat), janana (the

    universal soul, a bat), janyu (a creature, fire, Brahma), praani (a living creature), vamrii

    (vamra-ant). A bat is a sa (a bird) and can represent the soul of dead persons as god also

    is sa.

    ka - ka -> khaga (a bird,the Sun),yuga(two),yuuka(a louse),yoga(union,a yoke)

    From 49 and 50 it is clear that kiisa(srii) is yuuka or ii = uu(same symbol)

    51) -> + + -> -> -> -> -> -> > -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->
    -> -> - > -> ->

    Varuna is a bhruuna (embryo cf.H-94) and is bhruu(brow) – na (like) also.

    In the Egyptian script a,m,w,wr and sa are denoted by birds. Sumerian musen (bird) is

    close to matsa in Bharata.Savitri is sa(like,god,bird,snake)-

    patri(pa=bird,fish,tree,arrow,grass,hand,mountain=adri etc.)

    A paksha(wing) is a hasta(hand) , kavaca(ka = armour,amulet),

    patra(wing,bhadra,bharata.) ,aksha(aakaasa,akshi), uksha(bull cf. lamassu),vakshas(chest)

    and usha(dawn cf.winged Isis = ushas). Ka is a peacock and it denotes water and

    happiness. Khaga is both a bird and the Sun. Ra( fire) is vi ( a bird,horse,arrow) and ravi

    is both. Sa is god and a bird.Paksha is matsa(fish), and asva(a horse,agna).Agna is

    aajna(command).Bird is word.Paksha is bhaasha and ukta.It is thus the bull-fish . The

    most popular vedic bird is Garuda(kratu-intellect,turaga-horse,svarga-heaven) and

    syena(dhyaana,sayana). The fish and the cross represent bharata (agni,speech) like the

    bird.Bird, especially the pigeon(kapota = pota,puushaa) was a favourite sacrifice to the

    fire god .

    va(hand) – sa (bird) – va(hand) ->vaasa,bhaasa,bhaga, vasu(Vaasava-

    Indra),asva(agna,speech)

    Va is vaaha( baahu,auspicioussness) , ka(happiness) is a bird, sa(a wall,god) is a bird and

    pa is patra(bhadra,cipher).

    A patrii (a bird,a tree) is bhaaratii(speech,Sarasvati). A pakshi (a bird) has paksha(a

    wing,bhaasha).A patatri(bird) is Savitri.


    A man is agni .Likewise a bird has a tail (ta), body (ka) and a head (na), which is dahana

    (agni) itself. Pakshi is vyakti. Hence god (agni) is present in living beings, both man and

    animal .Soul is sol. A death the soul (sol) departs and the body becomes cold!

    Patradvaya( double bhadra) gives dvi(ravi) - bhadra which is subhadra

    (auspiciousness,happiness, a girl) and diva (day)-bhadra (bharata-the Sun,bhartaa-lord)

    and Bharadvaaja. The jhasha,the doube circle,the two eyes, the cross,the bracketed

    fish,the fish and the bird etc. are hence Bharadvaaja symbols.

    52) ->

    A bird has wings(patra). A fish has fins(patra). Both fly.Both are patriis(with wings).A

    house do not fly but it has wings(paksha=kasyapa,kasipu etc.) and it is called

    vaasra,pastya(matsya) etc.Hence it replaces the fish in the bracket in rebus.Abird is pa,vi

    or sa. A fish is a, pa or ca. A leaf is pa. A bracket is va or chaa or ka. A kavaca is

    svaaha.Fish being Vishnu, the last deity called into a sacrifice, a svaahaa the close of the

    mantra might be indicated.

    bracket(va,chaa,kara ) – fish(a,ca,pa) – bird(sa,pa) -> Vasu(Vaasava-Indra), bhaaskara(the

    Sun),bhaasa(light),tejana(sharpening,rendering bright,the shaft of an arrow),chaatra(a

    disciple),asva(bird,horse,Asvins),subha(auspicious),upaasa(worship),

    vibhaasa(dawn),vipaasa(a river) etc may be indicated.

    A patrii(a bird,fish,tree) is bhaaratii (speech,Sarasvati) also.Vikira(a bird) is

    mihira(the Sun).

    Tej is to protect. ( ) is a kavaca (armour, amulet) as do


    . sa or pa(from paada = pa,sa). Va(vaahu,water,Varuna) is

    pa(paada,bhaa,water).Patara(ray) is bhadra. The fish is netra( Indra). The bird is sakti

    (strength) and god. Hence this is Indra-sakti-kavaca or bhadra(bird)-asva(fish)-

    kavaca(vaacaka) or Bharadvaajavaacaka.Jhasha is a fish and jha is Indra or Brihaspati

    also.Jhasha is jha(Indra, Brihaspati) –ja(light),sha(a man),sa(god,a bird) and Pisces

    belongs to Brihaspati.

    sa(bird) – ka(bracket) – ca(fish)->daksha (agni),caksha(eye),cashaka(a

    cup),sahas(light,strength)

    Akshi (eye) is a pakshi(a bird,Garuda) and a matsya.The brows are brackets.The akshis

    form a kakshya(scales of a balance,an upper garment,the fingers),kakshii(a party

    to),sakti(strength,power,Durga) etc.

    53)

    ->

    Marshall no 93

    A patri is kept in a bhadra(circle) in rebus to denote bhaa(light) and bhaasha(vaca-

    speech,the Sun).The cross(srii,bhadra,bharata) is a siri(fly) itself hence the rebus.

    ka,pa(circle,egg) – sa(bird),kha(khaga)-> Vaca,bhaasha(speech),kaasa (light), khaga (the

    Sun, a bird), bhaasa (light), bhaata (dawn), taapa (heat), pas (to see), paz (to

    bind),paasa(a rope), tava (strength), jap (to mutter in prayer), bhaj (to worship), pada (a

    foot, a ray, a word),vaca(the Sun), vaaja (food), zava (bathing), dava (fire), sava (a

    corpse).
    A sava is kept in a coffin like the embryo in the egg. The former would be born into

    after life and the latter into life in this world.

    54) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    (ra – mouth-Egyptian = rava – Bharata = the body of the fish=lips

    cf. adhara patra). Look at the following Egyptian scripts and

    Bharata Equivalents. Along with the trade of goods there was exchange of knowledge

    also. The presence of the mummy of an Egyptian and an Assyrian in the Indus Valley

    indicate this. Thus the Bhadraasva(Unicorn) became the lama(nara=agni,horse) for the

    Sumerians and lamassu (winged bull) for the Akkadians and Assyrians by just modifying

    the bhadra(vetra) into patra(wing). The Egyptians made the winged usat(Isis –ushas-aja)-

    wsir(bhadra- Osiris-Savitri-Horus-purusha-putra-varsha) deities out of the usra(bhadra-

    praatah) – asva(usha) pair. The fish mahisha is Savitri(Osiris-usra-bata bull=serapis

    =sravaapya=sravaayya) who is killed every year at the end of the seasonal(bhadra = bha-

    star,Rita –season) cycle.Isis aja rejuvenates him .Usha being yosha and kalya being

    kanya aja –Isis-is a female as seen in H-3305.The srava of the bhadra(cf.udaya=Hebrew

    uzay =yahveh has given ear=year )


    is patra(wings) of Isis. The rejuvenated vrishaa(Horus=Indra=vrishabha) is .

    Matsa(cf.Matthew) is mad(shine,praise)-sa(god,bird,with;ja-birth)= mahas(sahas,vacas)

    and shows the birth of light of the Sun in the north-east and the birth of praises to

    him.The three symbols matsa aja and Soma(Rudra= rudhira=sona

    of the sacrificed) represent bhuu(earth ; matsa=mahisha=medina=nii-dina)=Rig,

    bhuva(aja=vaata=aakaasa)=Yajur and sva

    (sva=dva=asvi=yama=sama=mada=Saama,suna=svana=soma,usra=Rudra;

    ekaa dasa=Rudra)=Saama( second is bull horn sign and sama-equal = ;u-

    sama=ushna=soma) as per Aitareya:25.7.1.Matsa as mahisha is Varuna also.Cf. Jupiter

    is exalted (=head) in Cancer sign of the moon.

    sa (sa = bird) a(a=akshi =uksha= pakshi)

    ma(ma = matsa) wa(pa=pakshi)

    As with the human figure attachments can be made to the basic fish figure.A bird is word.

    A fish is speech.Matsa is vadana(mouth,vacana=speech) .It is the sound box(ox).In

    Sumerian also ku,kua is fish ,gu(cf.Bharata-go) is sound or voice, gu is a bull,ga is a

    stable ,ka is mouth etc.Agna (fire) is jna(knowledge) and asva(bull,fire,speech).

    Word(bird,asva,fish,uksha,agna,bhadra,bharata) is god(John:1.1). Ravi is ra-

    vi(bird,horse) and rava(sound).Suurya is svara.

    Matsa is ma(pa-water)-sta(seated);marta,manusha,mahisha(hence the inverted horns.It

    shows the sunrise from matsa without horns or rays. From the matsa-mahisha the one
    horned -with small upright horns-aja – agna=asva = - is born and there after the

    double horned vrishabha is born),masta,hasta,vatsa,varsha etc.Drava is

    bhadra(bull,horse), srava(ear,hearing,veda) and a fish.

    Matsa = vadana = vacana = vasana = asana = yajana = yatna

    Thus the fish symbol can indicate sacrifice like aja(yaja).

    Netra(cakshu=matsa) is na (like,bound) –sara(arrow,water) or sara(srii),especially

    as + = srii(=devi ,ravi,bhaana)

    See the following fish/bird/bull symbols

    Bharata Egypt/Protosinaitic Hebrew Brahmi Greek

    Sumer/Akkadian Bharata

    musen(bird) ud(day)

    Compare with . It will immediately be noted that the fish is the inverted

    bull’s head.Gu the Sumerian ox is go(bull,eye,word,ray) in Bharata.

    Hence the fish is a go(asva = gavaya) .

    (kaasara) = (gaatra) = gaayatri (that which protects)


    Look at the English alpabets A and P which have evolved from the asva bhadra

    (fish=a,ca,sa,pa) symbol.P has a C at its head and a paada(foot) is the

    vertical pa + horizontal sa.

    Alpha(aleph=uksha=asva) of Hebrew is pakshi(bird,matsa) in Bharata and Egyptian

    .Further aleph is aalaapa(speech) from rap(to chatter),rava(sound),

    lap(chatter) etc. Uksha(a bull) is aksha(eye),asva(a horse),usha(dawn,uktaa-single letter

    word as in H-3305) and ukta(speech) in Bharata.Dawn(bhaata) is light( bhaasa) and

    bhaasha(speech).

    Bhaasha is bharata.Bharata is bhadra(a bull).Bhadra is patra(bird,fish). Asva is bhaasha or

    vaca (speech) inverted.Bharata is vi(bird,horse)- rata(ratha-a chariot).Bharata-vaca is

    bhadraasva and Bharadvaaja. For the Rig(gira,rica) veda Bharadvaaja is the

    head.Similarly for the Old Testament Muusa

    ( Moses,mosaa-sunrise in Hebrew) or Musen(bird = word ) is the head .

    For the New Testament Matthew(matsa=speech) is the head. Now

    compare the Akkadian gu,Brahmi ma etc. with the Bharata fish. They are almost similar

    ,though evolved with the passage of time.Now see the bhadradvaya(double bull – one

    normal and one unicorn = subhadra, Bharadvaaja. In the vedic style there are actually

    three or four bulls in the figure including the vetra and the fish) along with the fish in the

    Bharata seal .Bharadvaaja fish is bharadvaaja speech.

    Miina (fish) is also Manu.

    -> (a,nu,da,pa,ya,sa) + (ka,ca,na,pa,ma) + / \ (dva,vi,pa,sa)

    = aspa(asva=uksha=usha), matsa(masta),abda,paada,dvaadasa,Vishnu
    -> -> (a,pa,sa)+ (pa,ca) + (ka,sa,ra,u,dra) = bharata(bhadra)

    gosa(dawn,myrrh).When we replace matsa with a marta we have the crucified Jesus here

    as Vishnu bhadra.

    -> + -> -> ->

    -> -> -> ->↑ A drava(fish) is sara(arrow,water) ; sara –

    va(water,like,Varuna) and sara-pa(water,leaf,egg,lord) in rebus.The head can have a

    top(pot,cap=cup) which is the kiriita(=giri-da,sa =hill=crest,crown), and a kavaca is

    svaahaa(wife of agni).A go-tra(go-sara) is a clan and a cow pen. can be a

    parisaaraka(Sarasvati kavasha cf. Aitareya.8.1.2) or

    paryagni(Aitareya:6.5.1) or sa-paada -> sabda,sapta,divasa etc.

    -> (ca,pa,a) + u(above) + (a,pa,da,sa,go,nu)->

    as,aasa,ausha(dawn),vas,vaasa,paca,bhaasa,bhaasha,paada,subha,suna,suunu,daanava(Ra

    avana),sobha,puushaa,bhuja,gosa(dawn),nu(nava = hail!)- Vishnu etc.

    We have already seen that a matsa(fish) is

    Vishnu,asva,masta,marta,hasta,uksha(cf.vaaha=bull,horse,hand) etc.

    A dot(the Sun) makes the fish a devi(ravi rising from Pisces.)

    Vishnu(matsa=simha) is hari(a horse,a tiger,a lion) and hence we have the

    matsa and simha incarnations for Vishnu and the half-tiger female deities in Harappa.The

    sign of the Sun is simha(Leo=5) and 5+7=12(matsa) where

    the octave is repeated.


    The three signs matsa(Pisces=mahisha =a,pa,sa,ma),aja(Aries = ra,ka,sa) and

    vrishabha(Taurus =a,sa,pa,ra,vi) denote dawn(usha,praata-bharata-bhadra-bhaasha-

    word=AUM) and morning in the vedic sacrificial diurnal signs and are hence the most

    frequent signs.Matsa(Pisces) as Savitri is Brihaspati( Jupiter).It is the fish leaping out of

    the waters of darkness.It is the dark buffalo fed with waters(light) from the pot of

    Enki(agni,heli).Sun light appears in northeast(matsa) ,sun rise and grow bright in

    east(aja=usha,sa and vrishabha=prabhaata,prakaasa.).Aja(the Unicorn) is the rising Sun

    and denotes Agni and is denoted by Ku-ja(Mars -the red planet is actually the red rising

    Sun).The bright Sun(su-kara) is represented as Su-kra(Rudra,Durga cf Aridra ruled by

    Raahu- the rays is the asterism of Rudra in Taurus.Rudra is Vritra-Indra himself and is

    called Candracuuda from Sankara-suura ) and Soma(the Moon,suna- Indra,svana-sound

    cf the second note ri =D is the peak note) is said to be exalted here. The cycle of seasons

    also began in matsa- the first month of vasanta Ritu.Srii(raasi) is three and the three

    signs denote a unity-dawn.In mithuna(marta,Vishnu ) there is matsa again showing the

    repetition in the cycle.Again kanya(Virgin) is kalya(dawn) and dhanus is matsa and sara

    is ma-rta(sara).Twelve signs come from tvashtaa(dva-sta) and divasa(tvashtaa=dva-

    sta).Those who follow the nirayana zodiac and claim “vedic” as their astronomy or

    astrology mislead the people.

    The vedic zodiac is solar and tropical.The lunar nakshatras of the month begin with

    Krittika(tritiiya=the third lunar date =drisya=sight) which agrees with sunrise of the day

    and the vernal equinox. Hence the Sun gets six years,
    the Moon ten(6+4) years,Mars seven(6+1) years etc.as described by Paraasara in his

    Horasaastra.

    Fish or birds + numbers can mean the number of bulls or birds sacrificed also apart from

    their sales or purchase.

    Let us try to read a famous seal in this context.

    pa, va,sa,ra,drupada sa ,ka bhaasa(vaaja,asva)

    = vaajasana,vaajasani,vaaja-daana,bhaaskara

    dvaadasa(=aaditya) - aha prajaapati (Aitareya: 19.1.1).

    -> ->

    avasa(king)-sa(god,he),jaya(hail,victory) -Drupada

    matsa,ap,himsa,simha,mahisha – aja,yaja -

    usra(bhadra),asta,ashta,gotra(=tribe,cowpen) =apta,abda,abja

    Drava is fish ,water and dvaadasa( twelve). Va (water) is Varuna, auspiciousness and

    protection(pa). Hence it reads vaaja(water,food,ghee,sacrifice) –sa(ca)-va or

    sava(sacrifice), bhaata(dawn)-sava(sacrifice) also.

    The deities for dawn are bhaarata( Agni=bhaata) ,usha(Aja,sa) and

    Asvidyaya(ra-vi=dvi) (Aitareya:7.5.2)

    = = asvamedha(equinoctial sunrise,sacrifice),mahisha-a-

    sura(bull=dhuriiya=suurya),dur-va-ca (Durvaasas) etc.Dvaadasa is pada-tri = patatri

    =Drupada(king)=prabhaata(morning),vaa-sa-ra(day) or Varuna,usha(Iisa) and Ravi.


    Water is akshara(eternal), jaala(ash,net),jvaala(flame),sara(jala,arrow)

    = pa(paana)+ ra( | ) + sa(horizontal box;box = ox =

    voice)=bharata(fire,bhaasha,praatah) is the Bharadvaaja(arani-drona) symbol.Next is the

    unicorn –bhadraasva – aja eka paada which signifies

    aja(Agni=Bharadvaaja). Above is the inscription dvaadasa(matsa,Vishnu)- aja(sa) –

    vasana(vaasa=asva=house = matsa = vacana = agna =asana = yatna = yajna=apta)

    -> ↑(sara = vaasra = a house)-> (pa,a ,da) + = ( sa) + na(netra) = vasana(a

    house,cloth,vacana,pacana,bhasma etc.)

    Hence the script reads vaaja(yajna)-aja(stop)-dvaadasa =12 rams for sacrifice

    or sacrifice . 12 = 12 yajnas(sacrifices=dvaadasaaha)

    Taking the first letters of vasana(va) + aja(ka,sa,a) =avasa

    (king,food,asva), vaaja(food ),vasu(agni,rays),vaasa

    (house,cloth),bhaasa(light),bhaata(dawn) and 12 ,we have vaaja( vaasa) dvaadasa= food

    for twelve(annapraasana),houses or pieces of cloth for twelve or twelve houses or twelve

    pieces of cloth etc.

    The twelve lines can be vana(water,a house cf. matsya=pastya=a

    house),vaara(water,tail,count) also. Hence from water(vana),aja(agna=ra) and vasa(va)

    we have pranava(AUM).For the aja(asva,agna)


    the masta is vasana , anga(limbs=anka=marks) is agna and vaara(water,count) is the

    tail.Aja(asva) is a viira(vaara) bhadra.

    Prajaapati is varsha(year,rain)-pati(lord ) as per Aitareya Braahmana

    (3.2.33 ) statement ‘Samvatsara Prajaapati’ and is also prajaa(citizen)

    pati(lord) = the king.Hence the chopping of the head of Daksha for his sin of

    sexual union(udaya = u- saya) with his daughter usha(dawn) by Rudra(putra=a son) is

    the theme of several scripts portraying the equinoctial sacrifice.This is the theme of Zeus

    dethroning his father Kronos.

    Soma and Rudra are almost identical as soma is suura, suna, sona , suula etc.shown

    as the head of the deity in the sacrificial scene in M-1186.Siva is called candracuuda

    also.The samvatsara satra is called gavaamayana.

    For it the deity is aaditya(the Sun) who is worshipped in the horned form

    since in the tenth month the go acquires hoofs and horns.(Aitareya:

    18.3 .1-2cf.the horned deity in the seals).The Harappans followed the vedic lunisolar

    calendar of 30 daysX 12 months with the 13th month inserted to agree with the

    seasons.(Aitareya :17.6.7).

    The head of Daksha(year) is chopped in the sign of matsa(mahisha

    =simha=himsa=medina=maatri) and replaced with the head of a ram to begin the new

    year. This aja is the Gaayatri(prakaasa=rising Sun=ravi= vi =horse,bird) itself.

    Gaayatri is portrayed as having two wings(like Isis) as per Aitareya : 19.1.5.

    Daksha’s chopped head became fixed in heaven as Mrigasiirsha(nripasiras=head of the

    king,mriga=kirana=ray which spread towards the end of Aries) and a mystic being –the

    sarabha(prabhaa)-was born from the power of Daksha. The devas(Brahmins) used to


    sacrifice manusha first which was then given up in favour of the Asva (=gauramriga=blue

    animal=mahisha=manusha),the bull,the ram and finally by grains as per

    Aitareya:6.8.1.The fish is dvaadasa(aaditya,asva=mahisha=daksha cf.it is considered

    as the vehicle of Kaala as it is the year), is ekaadasa(Rudra) and the daughter of

    Daksha is the aja(Isis),Jagati(Sakti) or Uma(iisa=usha) who is wife of Rudra.

    The numbers accompanying can be the number of mantras to be recited in a

    sacrifice.Different numbers were considered for different classes like 360,720,800,1000

    etc and the selected mantras were those composed by

    the Rishi of one’s own gotra.(Aitareya: 7.7).

    The Aitareya may be refered for more details on the yaagas like

    Somayaaga,dvaadasaaha,gavaayamaana,Raajasuuya etc and the details may be compared

    with some of the seals like M-1186.

    55) -> + -> -> (ud)-> (ud-day –Sumer=usha,diva)

    sa(sara)+ va,ra(hand,valaya)+pa,a(the larger legs)

    =vaasava(vasu),asva(usha),zava(a yaaga),sava(a

    corpse),srava(ear,hearing,food),avasa(king,food),

    dava(fire),ud(to flow,spring),Asra (an angle, tear, blood, hair of the head),

    aasara(fire), aasira(fire),asana(food),usra(a bull,dawn,the Sun),sara(an

    arrow)

    This bhadra can be the Unicorn or Bharadvaaja (Bharata ) also.


    56) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Compare with the Unicorn bull .

    A mushti (fist) has a muusha (indura,undaru,unduru ,vrisha- a mouse) in it. It is part of a

    bhuja (a hand) and muusha and bhuja represent puushaa (Indra - the Sun).A mahindhaka

    (mouse) is Mahendra(Indra). Hence Ganesa (agnesa, nagesa or mahesa) has a muusha as

    his vehicle. Ganesa rides on his bhuja (rays) as do the mighty elephant who walks on his

    bhuja (legs).Avrisha(bull,mouse ,Siva’s bull is Ganesa’s mouse) is Vrishaa(Indra). A

    matsa (fish) has a mushka(muscle,testicle,bhuja,little mouse cf. the jhasha symbol of

    intersecting circles) or pesi(muscle,vaasi=fire) in it as seen from the scripts.

    pa,ma(circle) – va,u(hand) – sa (ear) bhuja (a hand), muusha (a mouse)

    -> Unicorn bull

    A vidaaru is a lizard or a chameleon.

    a. A drumaasraya (chameleon) is Dronaacarya (Bharadvaaja). Bharadvaaja is bhadraasva

    (a Unicorn bull). Hence this script is similar to the Unicorn. A muulii (a tree, a lizard) is

    a muni (Rishi) and suurya (the Sun).

    57) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Budhna(netra=netri,Drona) or muula ( srotas) is the


    root(source,base).Avaroha is a climber plant or aerial roots.Anguli is

    fingers and anghri(anhri) is the feet , root of trees, etc.

    Bradhna(soma,purodaasa,horse,the Sun) is

    bhraajana(shine) and praasana(food) .Budhna(cf.Vishnu) is the Sun

    and his roots(rays). Bradhnaasva is the bhadraasva.Netra is root and cloth.

    Any script or figure is a bhadra (auspicious sign). A patra (leaf) is bhadra, vriksha (a

    tree) is prakaasa (light); kara (a hand),griha(a house)-sa(equal),sha (a man). A tree is

    also called muulii (with roots= suurya-the Sun).Root is dru(a tree). Hence a hasta can

    be represented like a tree, a tail (the shape of a tree) etc.

    ta,sa,va ->va (a hand,vaala-tail, Varuna), ta (a tail), sa (god, she, a snake, a bird).

    Since it is a patala (a group) it is patara(solar rays), bhadra(fire,a

    king,auspiciousness).

    na,va( ) + na,va ( ) +na, va( ) …. -> paa,bhaa,prabhaa,netra

    58)

    -> ->

    This is a vartii(wick,projecting threads,patri).Aanaaya is a fishing net. and aanaayii

    is a fisherman.

    a) pa(| |) + sa()+ra(| )or pa( ) + fish(vacana) -> bhadra(bharata),Vaasava (vasu-

    agni,Indra)- bhaasana (shining), bhaashana (speech), vacana (speech).

    Vartii is a patri(sa,va,pa).Vartii is a tri-pa (a trefoil ) also.

    59) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Aasana is asana,aatmaa,vacana,vasana,panca etc.


    A bhadra(seat,bed) is a pasu(dra=su as ra=i,u ) with four legs. A bhadra is an

    aa(bha)sa(d)na(ra) or aasanda. A raajaasandii(a chair) is a sacrificial

    implement.Katva (a cot) is Vaasava(Indra).Patta ( bhadra) is a seat(aasana) as do

    paryanka,prastara etc.A aasana(seat) is agna(fire) and yajna(sacrifice cf.aasandii used

    in sacrifice) also.Drona(Bharadvaaja) is a boat. Bhadra is vasu(pasu-Vaasava -Indra),

    paadapa (a tree=vasava), bhadra ( bhadraasana-seat of the king), bhaasaka (causing to

    shine), bhaashaka (a speaker), vaacaka (speech) ,aasaya(a seat) etc.Vaasava is an

    aasaya(a seat).

    a,pa(leg) – sa(horizontal line) –na,ha,va ( arms) - aasana (a seat), bhaasvan (the

    Sun), pacana (fire, cooking), bhajana (worship),bhaasana(shining)

    ,bhaashana(speech),vacana(speech)

    -> compare with

    svaana aja

    A paryanka or prastara is a seat.Suna(sunasiira,sona,soma) is Indra- the auspicious

    one. A sunaka is a dog.A svaana (a dog) is svana (sound), sona (fire, blood), jvaala

    (flame), savana (bathing, a yaaga), savana (the Sun, fire), dahana (fire), tapana (the

    Sun), nabhasa (the sky), dvaara (a door) etc. A bark of a dog is svara (sound, kura-

    Malayalam).

    a,pa – sa – na,va -> tapana (the Sun), svaana (a dog), svana (sound),suna(a Indra,a

    dog),aasaya(a seat-Vaasava)

    a,pa – sa – va - na -> bhaasvan (the Sun), aasana ( a seat );aja(a ram) – na(like)
    Aasana (a seat) is designed as an aja and a svaana(sunaka). It is not a horse (asva) even

    though asva is aasa (a seat),aja(a ram) -va (like), as is evident from the raised tail.

    It can also mean proshta (bhadra)- pada (name of a month).

    60) -> (pa,na,ma,ka,ca)+  (sa) + (u,na,,la,tri) -> -> -> -

    > ->

    u, pa,ka,ca ,na,ma( ) +sa()+ tri,na,la,u( )bhaaskara (the

    Sun),ushapa(the Sun),pacana(fire,cooking),vacana(speech),bhaashana(speech),

    Drupada(prabhaata),va(| |)+ sa()+ ra, na( ) =bhadra,vaasra( a house) . Hence =||

    .Vaasra is also vaasara (day).

    In Egyptian also the vertical lines(box) give a pa as and horizontal

    lines or box give a sa as .

    pa – sa – va(kara,sara) vasu(Vaasava -Indra).Bhaaskara is Vaasava and Vaasu

    (deva).

    1 -> 2 -> 3

    Comparing 1,2& 3 we can see that = or usha(sakra) = aja,avi(sa=vi)

    Ravi as a bird is Garuda. And his sign of rise is aja(avi,Aries).

    61) -> -> (pa)+ E(dra=sa,ha,ra)-> -> ->


    -> (trina=kara,hari)-> (Bharadvaaja)-> (su –hand –Sumerian) ->

    se(barley - Sumerian) -> (Proto-Sinaitic) (Old Hebrew)

    A paariplava,and nau(nauka) are boats. A paatra (vessel) is bhadra (a king, a priest,

    auspiciousness, happiness, gold, a bull, a chief) and aasana (a seat).

    A tarani (a boat,the Sun) is a karna(ear), trina(grass) and is kara(hand) – na(like) or

    harana(a hand),carani(a man),dharani(the earth),nidra(sleep),ratana(sex),ratna(a gem), a

    sreni(bhadra=a ladder or fence cf. pati=stair,veli=fence in Malayalam.Veli ketti

    bhadramaakki=made safe by fencing) which resemble the fingers and the palm ,zarani(a

    path) etc.A sreni is srii(the Sun)- na(like).Many of the symbols of early Sumerian and

    Egyptian(3200-3000BCE) have their counterparts in Bharata with similar sounds

    indicating the close connection of these people and the languages.Panca is

    pacana(fire,cooking), bandh(restraint),vand(worship), bhajana,vacana,nabhasa

    ,srava(sravana) etc.The Bible(Genesis:28.12) speaks of the dream of Jacob at Bethel(he

    used a bhadra – a stone - as his pillow) where he saw a stairway(a bhadra) resting on the

    earth with its top reaching to heaven (cf.the solar rays). Being hasta(cf.haath = hand in

    Hindi) it is su(Sumerian), het (fence in Proto-Sinaitic and Old Hebrew cf. kettu=binding

    in Malayalam).A nauka(boat) is mukha(face. The face is a box with a slit),

    sukha(pleasure) and hanu(jaw).

    Hence the ladder symbol has sound values of na or ma(nauka,mukha),

    pa(bhadra,potra=soma vessel),sa(sreni cf.Sumerian) and ha(hasta cf. Hebrew).A sreni is

    also a vana (tree,house) , bhaama(the Sun) or bhaana(light).


    62) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> (ajaasva of the

    Hebrews .First triangle-upright one- is aja and second triangle is asva). The head is a

    bhadra.Srava(ear) and hasta(hand ) are bhadras.A dot or line is a

    bhadra.Bhadradvaya(double bull=double line) is subhadra,suprabhaata and

    Bharadvaaja(prakaasa).Double(dvi) bull(bhadra) symbols in ancient seals indicate

    this.Ap (water) is apa(wrong,sacrifice) and av(to protect). Along with the Unicorn(one

    line+one bull) this symbol(two lines) is one of the most common in Harappa since the

    civilization belonged to the Bharadvaajas.Dvi is ravi(the Sun),vi(bird,horse), and

    vid(knowledge) and ud(udaya,diva,siva).The horn being bhadra(bull,0)is

    u(usra,candra) like all pa(va), patras(leaves),triangles(patra,vadana) etc.and is usually

    written at the top to indicate this.It is also dvija(cf.Bharadvaaja=bhara,vara-dvija) or

    visva(usha,especially in the double = sa,vi – dva = dvija ,visva form).

    Indra is ina (the Sun), yama (two),iNa(two) - dara (slit,hole), rada (teeth), sara (arrow),

    tara (fire, tree, boat), cara (a person, jata, a die), kara (a hand, ray), hara (fire, Siva)

    etc.Suna is dina,jina,Sukra,sona and Zoma.It is the two horns of the bull(the

    Moon,dawn) and suurya dhuriiya=bull=svara=ri,ra).Rudra(usra =dawn,bull,Sun)

    becomes Mitra(=mahira=makara) at noon and is born as Christ(the white priest)

    in the sign of Makara.

    ra – ra ra (the Sun god, fire, sound),raa(gold,to give,prosperity,wealth),rii(to

    go,kill,sound),rayi(water,wealth);
    ra-vi(bird,horse,soma,twocf.dvi=two);na – yama(nayana-eye),na(ina-the Sun)

    Sinve it is vi and vi is a horse it denotes the asvis(asvins,asvinikumaarau)

    also.

    In the line alphabet each line is a ra or ka or pa(from rekha,bhadra) and these may be

    added up to form words and alphabets eg: dvi -pa is an elephant which is a bhadra

    (pa),tri-pa is a patri ,a bird which is a za etc.

    da(dvi) –ra(rekha)  rada (teeth), tara (fire, a tree, a boat), sara

    (an arrow), dhara(the earth),daara (a wife),

    da (wife, to split)-ra (fire)

    dvi,tulya,sama  dvi (two),ravi(the Sun),vi(bird,horse),

    dina(day), tuvi(many,strength),

    rava(sound, the Sun), tava (strength), ravi

    (the Sun), deva (god),devi(goddess), svi (to

    increase), tulya(equal, suurya - the Sun); su

    (goal) - vi(bird, va - Varuna, water, hand).

    One(uni ) is agni(ra=asva,not dva) and two

    is water(nara=na-not,ra-agni).It is

    na(water) according to Brahmaa. The

    symbol V(bhuja) is hence the symbol of

    2and 5.

    God created water on the second day of

    creation.(Genesis: 1)

    = vi = hi(haya= horse) =vihaa(the sky,become expanded,bird,arrow etc)


    63) Counting in the Indus script.

    1. The number system was based on the srii(one) is three, panca is anta,

    eka is dasa(cf.Sumer dis,das=one),sata etc. principle.Hasta( hand =five = bhadra=0,5) is

    the primary system of counting.Aksha(a digit)

    is hasta ( a hand). We have long forgotten that when we speak of the digits of a number,

    the digits indicate the fingers(digits)..

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Anka( ) is agna(fire,the number one),gana(groupcf.Akkadian kiinu-to count) ,

    ganana(calculation),janana(birth),vaahana(vehicle) etc.

    Vetra(a staff),potra(vajra,a weapon),methi(medhi -a peg for tying catle),salaakaa (arrow,a

    bone,a stick),paridhi(a sacrificial post),pariirana(a stick),yashti(stick) are all sticks.Indra

    carries the potra(vajra) and Vishnu carries a totra vetra( a rod).A vetra is a dru(a tree) or

    dra(ra,rada). A ruler has a sceptre and a traveller has a stick.

    = ya(yashti),ra(rekha),na(netra) and la(lekha).

    The long line is a vetra or bhadra ( a pole,a cipher) or bharata(agni) and can hence

    denote , 0 or 1. Aja is aga(1),sa(1), eka(1) , dasa(10),sata(100) etc. Bhadra(

    ) can be a cipher(0),bharata(fire=1),panca(5=the five spokes), shat(6= the six

    spokes),pancaasat(50 = 5 spokes and the outer 0 cipher) ,shashti(6 spokes + 0 =

    sixty), sata(is reverse of dasa.Cakra=raksha= ra-1 + kha-cross - na =0+ ca

    =0.Hence cakra= 100)


    =(eka ) + dasa = ekaadasa(11= eka-stha) = =usha(aja=unicorn )

    Gana (group, number) is born of agna(fire,one).Hence all numbers indicate agna(na

    ,ra,ka) by virtue of being a gana (naga – the Sun) . Hence one book of the Bible is called

    Numbers also. Two is eleven and eleven is one.Hence

    tadaahuryadekaadasakapaala purodaaso dvaavagnaavishnu(Aitareya

    Braahmana : 1.1) which means the oblation in 11 kapaalas(pots) can be given to two -

    Agni and Vishnu. Interestingly agni(1) + Vishnu(12) +

    ekaadasa(11) = 1+12+11=24(the number of horas of the day)

    Sa is the first svara.

    Aga or agna is eka(1) and na(0) and is a, e = ka . 1+3 = 4(bhadra =paada =catura

    =cakra) =1(0) = a,e , ca ,pa

    4+3 = sapta = savitri = cakra = sarpa = bhadra =1(0) =a,e,sa,ca

    4 X 3 =12 =dvaadasa = tvashtaa(tvashtri = savitri ) = aga

    Compare the symbols 1,4 and 7.They are similar.12=1+2=3 .It is the symbol on the head

    of the Harappan deities. Three is srii = usra =u.

    2.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Dvi is vasu(pasu,vadhu), ravi and dvibhadra can be subhadra. Va (do -> hand,dvi-

    two),yama (zama -> = -> two, sa = ma).Alternate yellow and white lines or streaks

    usually show ‘vellakiiral’(dawning-day break) .cf.Sumer mina = 2


    a is i, vi,an (ana) etc. cf. .Ana is ina , yama ,suna ,zama ═ (Zama is

    za and ma)and zoma . The double horned bull is the Moon as his kala is

    kaala(time,night) and is denoted by the mahisha(buffalocf.manusha-man,Mahesa-Siva)

    and is sacrificed. The Unicorn is the Sun .The meeting(ama,yama) of the two in Pisces is

    denoted in this seal M-298. Soma the Moon is said to be exalted in the

    sign of vrishabha ,the second sign which is said to indicate speech(ukta-uksha-usha).The

    sacrificial soma ( the juice of Ephedra) can also be draaksha(=rakta,raksha cf.Holy

    Communion),sona(cf.blood of sacrificial animals or humans),sukla(=su-jala;soma is also

    tanu –the body and su-ma=su-jala. Yaaga is also saya.In the asvamedha yaaga, saya was

    compulsory.Udaya is u-saya.).Sama = is sa.Making it vertical( u) as

    is u-sa(usha = raaja ) or u-sama(ushna) which makes it the representative of

    vrishabha(Taurus)=Rudra=Horus..

    kara- kara  dvikara (two hands, two rays);deva(god)-

    arka(the Sun),kara(ray)

     divaakara (the Sun, maker of the

    day),sviikaara(sviikarana-welcome,reception).Yama is ma or na as per

    Brahmaa(sravana).The number two is the two horns of a bull and the second sign of the

    zodiac is the bull(Vrishabha=Taurus = vrishaa= Indra) itself. The first sign goes to the
    Unicorn (aja-asva=agni) since the horns(rays) of the Sun are mild in Aries.In a similar

    event Aruna is made anuuru(half- bodied,without thighs) to represent the light appearing

    in Pisces.

    The two paada(bhadra - leg)s form a ,i, ga, pa,da,ya,ra or sa.

    (Bharadvaaja=savitri=patri) = (bhadraasva = Unicorn ; paada=bhadra + asva=agna = |

    placed on the pada. In the lamassu concept five feet are also used for the bull

    hence.).Also Taurus ,the double horned bull is a ga(go).

    form a pa(va cf.writing on door panels) as seen in the Egyptian (pa) and sa

    ,combining of which

    gives the pada (foot) which is b(figure of foot) in Egyptian.In Egyptian a ba is a

    leopard like va (tiger ) in Bharata.B is also the soul as

    pada (word,foot) is bhaasha(vaca=speech .cf.aatma=rasana and the Pentecost in the Bible

    - Acts: 2.3 where the Holy Spirit descendend in the form of tongues of fire putting fiery

    speech into the mouths of the disciples of the Christ.) and bhaasa(light).

    = dva( ) + dasa( ) = dvaadasa

    Ra(ravi) is the second svara.It is the peak svara,the bull among the go(cow,word)s.

    -> (paana,paaNa)

    Ravi is nahi(na=nil;suurya=suunya),mahi(ma=gratness), ahi(a=a snake)

    and avi(a=Aries).Vi(va = bird,arrow,horse) = ra,na,ma,a,ha etc.


    Dvaya is toya(water),tuula(chaff,panicle cf.amsu),sona,suna,soma etc.

    and svaya(increase) and zvaya(self) also.

    3.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Tri is srii and drii . Tra is sara(2+1).Gaayatri is trika(Durga=usha =Iisa=Isiscf .K-50).

    Anka(agna) is a hook.Varaanga is the head and the vulva.

    Ciira(line,rag),traa(to protect), sraa(to cook),srii(to cook), srii(fire,speech,light), srai(to

    sweat), traya(three) srava(ear,hearing,food),sraya(refuge),drava(water,flow,fish) etc.

    belong to srii.cf.Sumer es = three.

    tri,tra  srii (the Sun, prosperity, fire), tri

    (three),tara(fire),sara(arrow),dru(tree)

    Pra(tra,dru = | | | ) + saakha(branch) is

    prakaasa(vriksha = ) in rebus. The vaara

    (tail) has also implication of times and hence three times is also indicated.

    tri-na  netra (eye, Indra), trina (grass, Indra,

    Mitra,hari,kara ), nidra (sleep),kriina(purchase)

    traya  traya (three, a third), kraya (purchase), sraya

    (refuge), yaatra (a journey), traa (to protect),

    tara(to cross,fire),sara(arrow,||| -> -> ka )


    Hence Gaayatri has six(ka-3+ traya-3=6)

    letters in a paada(line).

    ra( | )–pa,ya, vi ,va ( || ) -> ravi (the Sun) ,raya,vara,para ,pra,vri ,

    ruupa,pii,vii

    A sa-tra(house) or tra-sa(heart),adhara(lips) or aadara(respect) is a pa-tra(bhadra) is seen

    in (dva= a,pa,sa,da) + (tra) = =

    In astrology the fifth house is said to denote the heart.Bhadra is pa(water)-drapsa(drop)

    and atharva (svara =pada=veda) also.

    -> ra( ) – vi( ) - > ravi – patri,arani ,Savitri.

    It has the sound value of ra and vi from ravi.

    ra,pa – rada,vi,ma,ya  bharata (fire), praata (dawn), bhadra (fire, a

    king, a chief, a bull), vajra (the weapon of

    Indra), vadana (face), padra (a village), pajra

    (a rich person), raya (rayi-wealth), rama(sex),

    maara(Kaamadeva,killing),ravi(the Sun)

    Bharata (bhadra) is a hearth.

    tri,traya,tra,ya  Y, srii (the Sun, fire, light, prosperity), tri

    (three), rati (sex), rata (sex)

    Hence the trefoils are shown on the

    Linga stand in DK 4480 <<DTIS page 218


    Fig.12.8>> Three lines denote ma which is

    samaya( time,trikaala) and samaya is sayana

    (sex) too.Tripaada is prabhaata and Drupada.

    mu-kha  mukha (face), sukha (pleasure, happiness),

    mu (three) – kha (the Sun, a cipher), hanu

    (the lower jaw bone)

    pa - tri  ->

    tri (three) – pa (the alphabet, leaf, egg,

    water drop)

     patri (a bird), adri (the Sun).Ravi is ra(fire)-

    vi(patri-bird).Khaga is the Sun and a bird.

    Patri is za(bird,god) or kha(the Sun).

    ra ( | ) – vi ( | | ) -> ravi (the Sun) . The three nails of the

    crucifixion indicate ravi ,the patri.

    tra( = 3) +sa, dasa( =10 ) ->satra, tryodasa(13)

    Ga is the third svara.Ga is aja.One is three.Hasta is ha(ga) and bhadra.

    4.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> 4

    ma, na,bha, va,ha ca(catura),sa,ma,na, ha,va (shine,hair, water ),

    pa(=water=paada =bhaasa,bhaasha),ra(light)

    It is bha according to Brahma(cf.bhaa,ap,aabhaa,bhaata,bhaasa,paada).


    catura (catvaara = four), turiiya (four)  catura (Durga), turiiya (suurya - the Sun =

    suunya - a cipher)

    Visva( = vi-dva) deva is usha deva.

    God created suurya and the lights in the sky on the fourth (turiiya=suunya) day

    (Genesis:1) .cf.Sumer limmu = four.

    ii(ra + ra + ra + ra) -> Srii,Kaama;to go,to spread

    Aja(eka ) is repeated in kataka = ka(| | | )-sa(with)-eka( | ) since 3 is the terminator.This

    evident in a ( | | ) + vi (| | )=aja(eka) = dvija(dvi-sa) and asi(pati) as adhipati.

    Turiiya(dhuriiya=bull) is suula.

    Ma is the fourth svara.Brahma is prathama(one,the first)

    5.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> > -

    > -> -> -> -> ->

    na,ja,ha,ma,pa,va,ga  ma,pa,va, na, ja, ha (water, light, hair)

    It is ga(gava=bhadra =pa) according to Brahma.cf.

    Sumerian buzur = hand,palm.Bhuja is bhadra and putra(saakha).

    Panca can be made a tritva tri(| | |=3 ) – dva(| |=2 ) = =Pa(||)-tra(|||) . Hence

    Siva(srii,diva ) is panca(bhadra)mukha(vadana) and has five


    faces(sira=srii=bhadra=vaasara=vaasra=a house).See the vasana(house,cloth) and

    vaajra(house = 5) scripts also.cf.Sumer ia,i =five

    from kara(=kai=ai,i ).A hasta is a kara (=sara=5) and is ka,ra(=light) too.

    panca  hasta (a handcf.Sumerian kisib=hand ), matsa (fish),masta(head)

    panca (five,broad), bandha (relation, restraint),vadana(face), vand (to

    worship), vaanchaa (desire),

    tapana (the Sun), japana (prayer),vacana(speech),

    bhajana(worship),pacana(fire,cooking),

    Cyavana (a sage),vasana(a house,cloth), hansa (a

    swan,the Sun), simha (a lion);vaasra(house,day), bhadra

    (a king,a chief, a bull,happiness), vakra(curve),vacana

    (speech)

    Bhuja (a hand) being panca (five) there are

    panca bhuutas (five elements,hamsa bhuja-

    sunshine). Pancama (fifth) is sex and santaana

    (a son). Hence the fifth(bhadra) house of a horoscope

    is called putra bhaava (house of sons).

    God created fish (matsa) and the great

    creatures of the sea on the fifth (panca) day

    (Genesis:1). Fish is bhuja (a hand).Matsa is hasta

    and anta(end). Five terminates counting on a hand.

    Pa is the fifth svara.

    6.
    -> -> -> ->

    shat  shat (six, sa-like,aja=eka), tra(three=3)-tra(three=3),sat

    (god,being), jata (matted lock of hair), teja (splendour,

    light), dasa (ten), chataa(light, lines indicate light. ),tara

    (fire), sraa (to cook), traa (to protect), jala

    (water), sara (arrow), pada (foot, ray), sada

    (assembly), sadaa (always), rata (sex), tra

    (three, rati-sex) ,naasa(ruin),satru(enemy=sadru=falling)

    Six is sex. Shat is sha (a man) – da (giving),

    ja (birth) or sha +sha (two people) -> sexual

    union. Hence god created man (sha) on the

    sixth (sha - t) day (Genesis: 1).cf.Sumer as =six

    compare with aja(eka=one on the second hand).

    dvi -tri  Saavitri (the Sun), Srii devi (Lakshmi)

    Shadbhujaa(bhuja=hasta-five + arm-1=6) is

    Durga or Candika).Drapsa(drops) is

    Saavitra (the Sun).

    According to Brahmaa this is va( kavaca-

    hasta,pa=water.Saaya is paya = water).

    A paadapa(prabhaa –

    light;paada = 4+pa = 2 = 6) is

    hasta(kaasa –light).

    Since with six the bhadra(bhuja) is complete the bhadra(long line) system
    is not applied above this.However the ankas(small lines) extend even upto

    24.

    -> patri = pa(vi,dva)+ tri(ravi,rati,srii) = + =tritva(trinity)

    Dha is the sixth svara.Savitri is a patri.

    Six(6) is nine(9). Maanava (man) was created on the sixth day but

    maanava is navama(ninth) also.

    7.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> (b-Egyptian)-> 7

    Multiple lines indicate water and water alphabets like pa, va,ma ,ha na,,ja,raya

    etc.Bhaa(light) is pa(water) or ap(water).cf.Sumer imin = seven (from ia,i =5+ mina =

    2).It is na(||||) –tra(|||) = netra(=2 on the second hand) in the Bharata system.

    sapta  Sabbath (the seventh day feast), sapta

    (seven), sabda (sound), tapasa (the Sun),

    cakra (a cycle), sarpa (a snake), tavas

    (strength), divasa (a week day,there

    are

    sapta divas as to agree with sabda

    and tapasa ), vasatha (a house), vasta

    (a ram, Aries),Savitri, savitaa

    (Indra,the Sun),apta(yaaga), abda (a year.The

    Jews began the abda in the seventh month);

    sava (a corpse, a yaaga,seven;seba –seven in


    Hebrew and Aramaic.) - ta (a tail), sa (like),

    da (giving), ja(light)

     sa (god,like) - pada (a foot,a

    word),paada(four).

    Hence sapta is sa.It has the shape of the foot

    and the four(= sa = the four feet = the four

    pillars of a house etc.)

    According to Brahma it is Ta(sapta,padacf.b

    of Egyptian) and da is a wife(the seventh

    house);sa(god)- ap(water) - da(give)

    -> sapta (cursed), tapta (hot), hasta (a hand),

    kavaca (an amulet, armour, protection),

    patasa (a bird), pada (a foot, ray,word),

    sapta saptii (with seven horses) is the Sun.

    A sapta(seven) completes a cakra (a cycle,an octave).

    Being like a sava (a corpse=pada) good took rest on the seventh (sapta, Sabbath) day

    (Genesis:1). Sava is also avasa (weak) and asva (a horse, a bull). Hence the Sed or

    Asvamedha feast on the seventh day, seventh year etc. The cross is a corpse (of the

    asva). The Gospel has a go (asva) - spell about it.

    A turiiya(four = 4) + tri (srii = 3) shows suurya srii (sunshine) and seven

    (sapta=tapasa).

    sa(| | | | = 4 ) – va,dva ( | | ) – ta(dahana=1) -> sapta (seven)

    sa(| | | | ) – tra( | | | ) -> satra = vaa-( ) + sa( sapta = 7) = a house,speech,cloth etc.


    Sapta (seven) is satra(a house), gaatra(the body),vasatha(a house),pastya(a house,a

    man),talpa(a bed), divasa(day),tavas(strength),tapas(penance),patana

    (fall),sakta(strong), satva(being),vashat( a mantra for oblation) and kavaca (a bracket or

    armour). Sabda (voice) is vaacaka (speech). Saptakavaca is tapasa (the Sun) – kavaca

    (an amulet=vaacaka). Saptabhuja or saptakara is tapasa (the Sun) – kara (ray) or

    sunshine.The hands (va) form a natural kavaca (shield,bracket) around the body(hasta =

    raksha).

    sa(4) –tra(3)- va(2) -> saavitra(the Sun), dravana(flow), nava(nine),nabha(the

    sky),Drona(Bharadvaaja), saravana(grass),sravana(hearing,veda,an asterism) etc.

    Ni is the seventh svara.

    = sa + ( ) va + tri = Savitri (Gaayatri) =sapta = sabda = kavaca =

    vaacaka

    8.

    -> -> -> -> -> ->

    The patri ( = vi = sa=ma) symbols indicate Sa-avi-tri(Gaayatri).

    Ashta(8=7+1) is hasta(hasta-5+3=8) , anta(end) and ekasapta(eka-abda=1=agna)

    also.Dvaashat(6+2=8) is patatri(Savitri) and tvashtaa(Brahmaa).Dvi-

    catvaara (4+4=8) is dvija(divasa)- dvaara(door) or morning .Dvi(two,vis)-

    pada(deva) is

    Visva(vasu,usha) deva.
    cf.Sumer ussu = eight (from ia,i = 5 + es=3)

    ashta  ashta (eight=a-not,shat=6), hasta (a hand), asta (setting,

    end,a house), dasa (ten), shat (six), ishta (as desired,

    favourite, a husband), ajaata (unborn), a(Vishnu)-stha

    (staying), kashta (hardship) ,bhadra (a

    cipher), arka (the Sun), aashaada (a month),

    vasta ( a ram)

    According to Brahmaa it is va(vaasa,vastya).Ashta(va) is

    shat (va). And hasta (va) is a kavaca(va).Ashta being shat

    Gaayatri is said to have eight worded lines in

    Ashtaakapaala Agneya

    ashtaaksharaa vai gaayatrii

    gaayatramagneschanda

    trikapaalo Vishnava: (Aitareya Braahmana :1.1)

    Eight kapaala(pot)s are said to represent agni

    as in 8 the 1 is repeated aftrer 7. Kapaala(svara)

    and devata(sabda) denote the alphabets and words.

    Ashtavasu-eight vasus- is arka-vasu or hasta(ray)-vasu(ray)

    dvi – turiiyadvi (two) – turiiya (four), suurya (the Sun),suunya(a cipher)

    The symbol for eight is two suuryas (suunya

    – a cipher). Ashtapada is a spider (srii – the

    Sun, a spider) and ashtabhujaa is Durga

    (suurya).
    9.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Note Sumerian ilimmu(nine) from ia,i = 5 + limmu = 4

    pancaa(pa)+ turiiyaa (na) nava (nine,praise), nabha (the sky),

    paana (paani – a hand),baana(arrow), vana ( a house,a tree ,water ),

    phana(a snake cf. compare 9 with or )

    sava(the Sun,a yaaga),bhaasa(light),paada

    (feeet),bhaata(dawn) ,tava(strength),dava(fire)

    Turiiyaapanca is suurya (the Sun,suunya=a

    cipher) – bhajana (worship),vasana(house). Panca-na is

    pancama (sex), vancana (deceit, betrayal), bandhana

    (restraint) and vandana (worship).

    According to Brahmaa it is sa.

    Paana(hand) + vana (4) = paanavana = maanava = navama=9

    The symbol for nine is the man symbol.Nine is the king of

    numbers like man who is the king of creations. Compare this

    with “srakve drapsasya dhamata: samasvaranniti nava paavamaanyo nava vai

    praanaa:praanaa nevaa smiim staddadhaati” (Aitareya: 4.3.1)


    which implies purification of soma and the nine breaths constituting life. na(||||)+

    pa(|||||) + (Brahmi) = navan(nine)=bhavana,nabhasa

    sarii ( a water fall=srii = the Sun) is made sariisripa(a snake) also.

    10.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Dasa(Sumer dis,des= one) is dvi hasta(x = v + v) and sata(hundred) in reverse.Ten is

    ha,hu,a or u in Sumerian.It is desa(place) , teja(light),

    dasa(state,situation),stha(seated;sa-like,Tha=o= cipher), and

    naasa(termination).Subhadra(bhadradvaya-Bharadvaaja) = 10.

    A man(agni=1) holding an arrow(baana=9) can be 9, 19 or 91.

    Is dasa nine or ten? Sa = 4+ da(do) = 5 = 9. The Egyptian psd(nine cf.pattu=ten in

    Malayalam)or the Hebrew tesa(nine) indicate the same.The relation of navan

    ( nine,Sumerian ilimmu=nine) and nava (new,young,praise) is hence clear.

    11.

    -> ->

    Rishabhaikaadasaa gaavas( cows that have a bull as the eleventh).Note the

    bull (the stick,the man) among the gaavas(ga=5=hasta,cakra). Ekaadasa is

    eka(1=aja=10=dasa)-sta(seat).It is seat of the second sign Rishabha(Rudra,

    Indra,Horus ) on Aries ,the first sign and seat of


    the number one(1) on the number 10.

    12.

    -> -> -> -> ->

    Compare this with ganaanaam tvaa ganapatim …..Brihaspati(Aitareya:3.4.1)

    and Brihaspti as the lord of the twelfth sign.Vrija(a cowpen) is varsha and

    praja(prasava=pra-sava).

    Dvaadasa is tvashtaa,svasta(svasti),Savitri,divasa,patatri,Drupada(king)etc.

    The twelfth sign is matsa.

    Trituriiya(3x4) is trisuunya(srii-suurya) and trisuula or

    tri-na(3x4, 3+1) .Tri-na is netra(eye = 2) Mitra,Varuna(T=V)

    Indra ,hari(Vishnu,Indra,horse),kara etc. Four is foot and zero.Va[6=)]+va[6=)] =

    dvaadasa ) )=12. Bhadra is pa –drapsa or drava also.

    A fish is (da) + ca( )+ (dva) = dvaadasa = 12 (Pisces)

    16

    =16/64/88

    Shodasa(16) is sudasa(good period). Hence it is the period of Jupiter in astrology.

    18.

    -> ( da + ▬ sa = dasa + 8 = 18)


    Ashtaadasa(18) is asta(end,night).Hence it is the dasa of Raahu ( raavu = night) in

    astrology.I t is also ashtavasu.

    20

    sa(4) x 5 =20

    vimsati cf.Sumer nis = 20. cf. “Panca suuktaani sasyante”(Aitareya: 30.3.19)

    indicates panca as pangktikaa candas,yajna ,pasu etc.Sara(srii) is panca(five).

    Pancasara is kaama(Gaana=naga=mahaa)deva.

    24.

    =24,144,1212

    Caturvimsati denotes the 24 horas(12 of day and 12 of night) of the day.

    Dvi-bhadra is subhadra and Bharadvaaja.

    50.

    = 50/625/2525 -> = 50 -> = 50 cf.Sumer ninnu=50

    100.

    = 7 = 10 = 100

    sapta = hasta = dasa = sata =st(Egyptian)

    tripatra=threebhadra=1+00=100

    1000.
    sahasra = sa( four dots=cross=catura=bird) –hasra(patra=bhadra = 0)= 4 bhadras = 1+

    000 = 1000 cf. Sumerian lima = 1000 (miina a fish is a bird)

    Birds denote the number thousand.

    A FEW MORE NUMBERS

    = = + + + = 1+ 5/0 +5/0 +5/0 =16,1000

    = sa(4) + fish(12,bird=1000) +bhadra(0) =16/48/480/4000/40000

    = = dasa(10) +traya (3)= trayodasa(13)

    = = dasa(10) + catvaara(4)=caturdasa(14)

    = dasa(10) + panca(5) = pancadasa(15)

    All these numbers have to be verified from actual text contexts.

    64) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->
    -> (Brahmi = sara)

    Obviously this was a culture of bugles,drums,weapons ,shields

    and wheels.An aayudha ( yuddha) being udaya(sunrise) and

    suuya(sacrifice) had special significance in worship of the Sun

    god. A sara is a sira.Pa ( a leaf, protection,water) and ka (head,water) can ba a

    sara(arrow,water).Astra(arrow=a) is asta(a house=a).Pranava is sara (arrow) –

    vaana(baana – arrow) .Silii(a spear) is srii. Saavitri is sa-patri.Siri( an arrow,a sword) is

    srii.Hence Peter drew out a siri and cut off a srava(prabhaa ) of

    Malchus(matsya,prakaasa,praceta) as per John 18:10 .Heti ( an arrow) is heli.Asi is a

    sword.A netra(eye) is netri

    (a leader) and is na(like)-sara(arrow). A sara(sriga) is a raaja and a naaga

    (a snake cf.naagaastra.).A sar-pa(snake) has a sara in it. A dra-va( fish) is

    sara(arrow,water) –va(like,water cf.miina = naara,niira=water). Compare

    -> ->

    patra(a leaf),kanapa(a spear),praasa(a spear),hala(a plough)  patra (a

    leaf-> pa), bhadra (a bull, the king, happiness, auspiciousness,a cipher or

    stop), bharata (fire, aking), varsha (rain, a year, a place), vajra (the

    weapon of Indra, a diamond),srava(ear,veda,food) etc.Since it has reference

    to the king and the bull and has the appearance of a tail, it can indicate the

    Sed or Asvamedha festival also. As kanapa or hala it indicates a man ,a

    husband(cf. kanavan- a husband-Malayalam) or a ruler.Rudra is


    ru(arrow,rava)- sara(arrow).

    A parigha was a club studded with iron .It is like a druna. A druna (scorpion) is a taruna

    (youth).A druna emits visha(poison) and a taruna ejects biija.The sign of Scorpio

    represents the strong morning Sun who begins to prick with his stings(rays).A druna can

    denote drona (a measure,Bharadvaaja etc.),druma(a tree),trina(grass),maatri(mother) etc.

    A musala was used to clean rice.

    A bhuja is subha,pasu and yuupa.

    Let us read a few implements of which the most common on the

    seals is the spear.In the seal K-65(DTIS page 253 Fig 14.25.Two warriors are shown to

    spear each other on the chest holding a virgin between them.Siva and Durga carry a

    suula. Muruka and St. Thomas are portrayed with this implement and it was the weapon

    used to pierce the chest of Jesus on the cross.Hence this is an important worship tool. We

    can even today see suulas mounted with lemons being used as worship tools.So what is

    the significance?

    A suula(trident) is su(good)-la(Indra)and suura(suurya) in rebus. In the

    seal K-65 tigers(suura,hari,vyaaghra) are also depicted to indicate

    this.Hence it is the worship symbol.

    A praasa(spear) is praatah (dawn).Breaking vakshas(chest)

    with praasa is breaking of ushas(daybreak=vakshas,uksha,ajaetc) at

    praatah.Breaking the gala of a bull or ram and letting out rakta has the

    same effect as daybreak is the principle of animal sacrifices.Rakta

    flown is raksha ( prakaasa).The Marana nritta(dance of death) of the

    victim was portrayed as madananritta with a kanya(kalya).This is aso


    achieved by breaking lemon(soma cf.jona in

    Malayalam),cucumber(soma cf kum-bala in Malayalam) etc. and

    applying kumkum whereby the sacrifice and flowing rakta(raksha) is

    duplicated. Breaking coconuts(soma = madhu = ten = honey .Coconut

    = ten –kaay in Malayalam) also has the same application.Thus usha

    (dawn) is vadh (to kill ;uta = to break in Malayalam) and ush(to

    burn,the fire sacrifice).The kanya shown between the warriors is

    kalya(dawn cf.Bharatakhanda = Kumaarikaakhanda).The

    kalyaana(marriage) of Cana(kaalai-kalya)in John:2 is also woven from

    the same threads.Usha is the yoshaa.The marriage is that of usha with

    the Sun.

    -> Ι ra + ∆ (u,va,pa ) = ru(arrow),rava(the Sun,sound) -> Ι

    ( ra,i ) + ▬ (sa) + (a,pa,da,sa) = asi(cf.aajya sastra supposed to

    represent Braahmana by aahaava,kshatra

    by nivida and vaisya by suukta – Aitareya Braahmana:10.1 ),

    astra,praasa,bhadra,pati,sasi,saci,subhra(since pa is above sa supa

    follows),subha etc.

    -> ca ,sa + u(being above) + 0 na =

    suna(Indra),suula(trident),sona(blood = rakta = raksha = prakaasa =

    soma – moon,water,madhu,moda etc.Soma is actually light.It is

    sona(blood,fire) and sukla(semen=rakta,raksha),svana(sound) etc.The

    trident represents sound(AUM) from soma(candra = pranava in


    reverse.) To clarify this further look at the following inscription H-9

    written over a Unicorn drupada avasa =king Drupada

    The fish is Savitri and a ca,sa,ma, pa(cakshu,matsa,pasu) and go.

    is visva(vi),asvi(a) and pada(pa,da) .Ca+ pada is sapta. is tri(srii)

    and tra(dru,tara,sara,rata,ratha,kara).Hence it isVisva-i(ni) – tra

    =Visvamitra ; saptakara, saptasara, saptaratha,saptaasva,padatri(=12=

    patatri,Drupada=king=sapta).Sapta isDrupada, cakra and sarva.Hence

    this is Sarva Srii Visvamitra.Also from this we have sapta as netra ,

    na(ni) and Savitri.It is sava(water,yaaga)-srii(the Sun).

    We have tri, tra(|||) + na,ma,pa(||||) +ca,pa,go =ca-na,ma –tra,u,tri

    =candra,soma,suna,Savitri,mosaa(sunrise-Hebrew)

    Tra = pa(||) + ra(|) = para,pra. Hence reading in the reverse

    pra(|||) +na (||||) + pa( ) = pranava = candra

    Pranava is sabda.Sabda is sapta. Note this concept in the modern

    pranava asymbol also where a suula is

    shown with the ca – Indra(netra ) figure.

    From the go + ma(na) + ta,ya(traya) we have go-mata,


    go-tama, go-daana, go-naaya,go-naatha etc. A Unicorn being

    aja(usha,agna) – eka(agna) – paada(bhadra) is go(bull,the Sun)-

    tama(best),sama(equal),naatha(lord=a bull)

    Two arrows(yama-sara) represent In-dra.

    Arrow symbols are shown on burial urns to show Dharma (mrita – dead) sarma (bliss)

    or naaka(arrow,heaven).Svarga is sara(arrow)-ha(heaven). It is a way of saying RIP.

    Smasaana (a cemetery) is samaadhaana (peace).

    A gotra( , ) can be a go(eye) –sara( arrow) like the eye of Horus(the arrow of

    time;kaala = jala = paasa = baana = vaana = sara).

    A sara is a vi (bird)and a vi is a horse. Hence is an asva.

    -> Ι ( ra, i,pa ) + ▬ (sa) + (a,pa,da,sa) = asi,aspa(asva)

    65) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    This list contain most of the patra-saada-trina-hasta-bhadra-bharata group.

    A patri ( a tree,bird,arrow,fish) has patra.Patra is astra,yatra, vastra and a paatra. It is

    from observing the patra impressions on paatraas made from moulds of leaf and grass

    that the Bharats learned the art of writing for the first time.The baby was named after the
    mother whence a paatra was born to a a patra. A patra has a pa( an egg or circle)

    and a sara(arrow ) . Hence it is also represented as in rebus.Patra is also pa(va =

    like)- sara( , , ) .Patra is pada(foot,word),bhadra(happiness,a bull,a king) and

    bharata (fire,bhaasha) ,hasta(hand),srava( , , cf.karnapatra)

    drava(fish,dru ),cakra( )etc.Saada (sprouting grass) is jaata

    (new born), paada(foot), daasa(a servant) ,teja(shine),hasta(hand) etc.Trina grass is

    karna ( , ), karma, dharma, marta,netra,traana, sarana, arjuna(Indra,gold,grass),

    druma,maatri,drona(Bharadvaaja ), harana (a hand) etc. Trina is also called ulapa(u = pa

    = va cf.upala=stone. Patra is trina and bhadra-stone. ) ,yavasa (=ya),asva(=a)

    ,ghaasa(=gha) etc.Hasta is pada, kaasa, raksha(prakaasa),

    kara,harana(nakra,makara,graaha), asta, kashta, bhadra,dasa(x),saada etc.Dru(tree)is

    arusha(day,horse,flame,vrisha,Rita).

    The Unicorn bull is an arusha(asva).Dru puuja(tree worship) is arusha puuja.

    Toya(water) is denoted by tuula(a panicle),soma(amsu) etc. and indicates

    tosha(happiness).

    Simply writing a leaf(patra),cup(paatra) or wheel( cakra,bhadra)

    means bhadram te( happiness to you!) or subhadra (dvi-patra= subhadra-

    auspiciousness),subhadraa(a lovely girl),subharata(good fire,a good person of Bhaarata),

    bhadradvaya(Bharadvaaja,pradosha) etc. Yavasa(grass) is Vasu(Vaasava- Indra).Parpa

    (sprouting grass) is prabhaa(light). Prakaasa is tri-ghaasa.Sara (grass) is raaja (a king).


    saravana (sravana ) -> Saravana is pranava (AUM) and prabhaana

    (prakaasa-light).Saravanabhava(pranava bhava) is Kaartikeya.

    A do is a hand.We do things with our do. A paana(hand) is a vana (tree , ) and

    baana(arrow ).

    A potavanik( ) is a ship merchant or voyaging trader.A potra (a boat) is a putra(a

    son) and a paatra(a vessel). A nauka(boat) is mukha(face) and sukha(pleasure).A kiriita

    (crest,crown)can have a giri(hill) in it.Athari

    ( a finger) is adri(a hill). Anguli(a finger) is anu(small)-kulii(hill) or kutii(house).Kara a

    hand is a giri(mountain) , gira(speech,word),hara(fire) etc.Hence like

    Krishna(Govardhana) or Hanuman(Himaalaya) one can lift a mountain just by raising

    the hand or fingers.

    66) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->


    -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Agna is aja(usha-Isis) and yajna(sacrifice).

    This is the most frequently used Harappan script. Let us read this script.

    -> (aksha,ajira,ambara,cakra,candra,bhadra,vakra,vadana) + = (sa- srava) +

    = (sa-srava) = sa – ra,va , ka – sa = saras(=siras = the head), saara(essence),

    tapasa,tapas,tavas,sakta,saakha,sahas etc.

    Substituting a for sa (= is | | = a, pa , da , sa ) and ca(cakra) for ra

    we have a + ca + a = aja,aasa,sa etc. Taking one side = as sa,the central curve as ka and

    the other = as a we have sa-ka-a =

    aksha , the Sumerian Sag(head) etc.With one ear as a,the curve as ca and the other ear as

    pa we have asva( a horse ). Thus aja(Agni,Indra,Maruts,Rudra,the Sun,a ram) is

    asva.Aga(the Sun,a tree,a mountain,a snake,a water jar) is aja(a ram,Indra).Aja(usha) is

    Isis for the Egyptians. Aja is svaaha = dvi –vaaha(hands) and shows the raised hands

    during exhortations to deities.

    Substituting pa(patra=srava) for sa we have saras = prabhaa,aksha= paksha etc.The

    triangle shows aja by the small horn shape.Since pa is u we have aja as usha,aasa as

    bhaasa(bhaasha,bhaata,vaca),aksha as uksha etc. Hence this script indicates the

    head(saras),Aja(Indra,Aries),the asva etc. Does the Unicorn find mention in the Rigveda?

    It is nothing but the aja – eka-paad (Agna,Indra) .

    aja(Agni,Indra,a ram) – eka(aga,agna) – paad(paada = bhadra = a bull) = aja-eka-bhadra

    = eka – bhadra – aja(asva) = bhadraasva(the Unicorn).


    aja with one horn = the Unicorn.Paada being bhadra the lamassu is given a fifth leg

    also.The Unicorn represents Indra and the Bharadvaajas.The three

    symbols (matsa=uksha), (vi = ra-vi = horse,bhadra = Taurus = the bull of two

    horns,king = putra = Rudra) and aja(asva =Aries = the bull of one horn )

    denote the Signs of dawn which are most important from the point of solar worship as

    practised by the Bharadvaajas. Bharata is praata itself and its

    representative is the bull.Neither in Sumer nor in Egypt can we find

    this sort of obsession with the bull ( the asva as the Vedas call it).

    It is for the simple reason that the bull(bhadra) is bharata( the Sun and fire)

    and praata(dawn).The uksha(bhadra,aja,matsa) is aja(Indra) and usha. The Vedas sing its

    glory. The seals portray its stories. asva ka ya =

    yaagaasva(Viirabhadra,raajaasva) or asvayaaga.

    Thus there is no contradiction between the Vedas and the writings in the seals.

    Aitareya Braahmana opens with the statement

    OM Agnirvai devaanaamava mo Vishnu

    paramastadantarena sarvaa anyaa devataa

    Which means among the devas Agni has the first place and Vishnu

    the last place followed by Indra,Mitra,Varuna etc. in between. Since


    devatas are sabda(tapasa)s(words) this can also mean that in the seals aja denotes

    the kapaala(svara,head,beginning) and Vishnu( matsa = first incarnation of Vishnu)

    denotes the paada(foot-tail) .In the zodiacal signs Aries is the first and Pisces is the

    last.Aries is said to denote the head and Pisces is said to denote the feet.Vishnu is called

    tripaad(srii bhaatu) and tri(3)x paada(4) =12. The fish denotes Vishnu and dvaadasa(12)

    as already seen.This can also mean that the inscriptions have to be read from

    matsa to aja (foot to head) fashion as already seen.

    Aja being dasa (ten) also indicate daasa(a slave).The sacrificial asva

    could be a daasa(slave) or a raaja(a king).

    Let us now take up a few more aja scripts.

    ->

    Asva(pasu,aja) were marked with anka( streaks as seen in the seals ,copper tablets etc) to

    worship agna and provide raksha by the aksha( , , ) or laksha. is the aja eka

    paada( vaca eva bhadra).For man (maanava) the

    mark is the naama which is the mark of three(srii) as Vishnu(12=1+2=3).

    Aja +1=11,aja+2=12 and aja+3= 13 as already seen or sacrifice, sale or purchase of

    1,2,3… aja(daasa) are indicated.Since aja is ka(karna,kapaala),aja,agna and is


    traya,vara, and ya = + = ajatraya =ajavara=ajaya=

    astreya,aacaarya,asraayate,atreya,sacrifice of three

    goats,gaayatri,saavitri,varaja,varsha,vajra,vaasara(srava,sravana),jayya,jaya,saya,10x3

    = 30 etc.are indicated.Aries(aja-usha) marks sunrise and hence aja(srava,karna cf. Karna

    of the Mahaabhaarata is son of Kunti-sudina- born to the Sun).

    The horizontal lines (sa, ma,e) and hence scripts like , ,

    can point to saama,jahma, maasa or soma from sa + u(above) + ma(sama =

    sa,ma ) etc.

    -> -> sa,ra,va + ra,pa,na = sara(sira,sakra) in rebus,usha(since ra is

    placed on sa),sa+va(u)+ra=svara etc. is saanu,hanu(the hook is the nose =

    na),jahnu,vata(ta = tail,nasta = na,ta), sava(va = vaahu,hasta = nasta) etc.

    -> -> Srava in karna or kapaala is replaced with patra(srava,leaf) to

    indicate

    bhadraasva,subhadra and Bharadvaaja. -> -> We know that

    matsa is vadana(cf.Hira –gira-rig cave for Nabi) and it is from vadana

    that vacana(pacana,bhakshana,bhaashana),bhaasa,bhaata,bhaasha etc. are born in the day

    and in speech.Vadana(matsa,adhara) and vacana are


    bhasana(bhadra= = ) in rebus.A beetle(patrii) is a bird(word) like the

    fish(speech).Bhadra(a circle)

    is word itself. Hence these are placed at the

    mouth(asana,matsa,vacana,bhaksha,bhaasha,vadana) of the head.

    -> aja(agna,asva) -> -> -> -> =asta(a house =a=panca =

    pa), vasana, vaasa(a house,cloth) , bhaasa(light), bhaata(dawn),pada(word,foot)

    Hence the sacrificial asva is words.Bhaasha is asva in reverse.

    This is a trina(Mitra,Varuna,Indra,netra,Drona,druma,karma,Aruna)

    symbol. (va ,ca) + (pa,na,ra,i ,u) + u(on) + 0(na,ka,pa,ca)

    = Varuna,trina,Drona,suna,sona,Soma etc.With the ^ (pa,va , u) it will

    will be suuna(suula,na = la) ,sobhanaa(cf. 11th year of the Jupiter cycle) etc.

    -> (ta,va,u) + ( ca,va,ma,u ) + (ra) + (u,pa) + (u,pa) ->

    taru,dru,suura,camara(caamara),camuu,camuuru,bhaarata etc.

    A saras( head) should have a netra (eye=na) and naasa(nose=na) and just see how this is

    effected in rebus -> -> The vertical line is naasa(nose) and the

    beard(bhadra-head,vaara-tail;beard is both) is netra (root,eye).

    67) -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->
    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> ->

    If a bhadra(head) can have a netra(root),a nemi(a circle), a patra(leaf) or

    bharata(fire)can have a pa(an egg,water,leaf) and sara (arrow) in it as seen in

    The human body is a bhadra(gaatra,a bull) and it has patras(leaf,bird,cup,circle,arrow)

    as each anga(limb) is agna(bharata) like the head , , as the hand ,

    , ,

    , ,as udara(gaatra) , and paada(bhadra) , etc.

    The Indus civilization is a culture of bhadras(wheels) as described in the Vedas.These

    wheels come from the potter’s wheel,the ratha(cart) wheel,


    the bharata(fire) sacrificial ratha(from bharata = pa +ratha),the bharata(=pa+ratha)

    people,the bhadra(bull)s,praata(dawn = bharata), the hasta(bhadra),the paada(bhadra)

    ,the kaala cakra ,raksha(cakra)s etc.Most of the symbols the bulls,birds,the fish,the

    circles,the leaves,the houses,the crosses etc. carry the identity of the

    Bharata(Bharadvaaja) people.Examining the circles and the crosses further confirms

    this.

    A patra(leaf ) has a pa(egg ) in it.A patra is a bhadra(circle ,a kingcf.note

    this symbol on the Harappan priest king’s forehead as the Bharata=bhadra=patta in

    DK1909),bharata(fire),dvaara(dara=hole) and svara(sound). A bhadra is also a

    cakra(wheel) and a cakra is akshara(alphabet,god ), Sakra(Indra), rakta(blood) and

    raksha(protection,an amulet),raaja(a king) kavaca(amulet) etc.

    -> ca,pa,ka,ra,u,va + ka,sa,ra + ka,ra,dra,pa,na,la =

    cakra,patra,paatra,bhadra,bharata,prabhaa,gaatra,rakta,raksha,raaja,Sakra,vakra,usra

    etc.Compare these with , , , , , etc.

    A leaf(patra) holds a cup (paatra,paana).

    Paatilii,caalana,caalanii etc. are filters.A caalanii is taranii(the Sun) .

    A patra can have a bhadra(vaala=filter of animal hair) to show a saavitra

    or savitri.
    A saari is a piece of chess indicating srii. A phala is a bhadra.

    It is the Unicorn.

    -> -> -> -> (ra,drii,dara,srii)

    bhadra(king) netra(eye=Savitri) bindu(pottu) cross(bharata,praata,bhadra)

    A tilaka (bindu on the forehead ) is Sakra and raksha.It is the cross for the

    Christians.Being raksha it is also marked rakta with saffron.The horizontal arm of the

    cross is bent to form a ca from the sa . The vertical ra is converted into the dot

    (ra,na,kha).

    -> ca,pa,na + na,ma -> -> paaNa(a

    hand,market),bhaana(light),paana(a pot),maasa(the Moon cf.the shape of the part

    Moon,a month),naasa(ruin),saama(veda),bhaama(the Sun, a personal

    name),vana(water),nava(new,praise,nine),naava (a

    boat),naabha(nave),phala(fruit),nama(obeisance),naama(name) etc.

    -> -> -> -> , -> etc and even shows a

    patra(bhadra,bharata,praata,bhadraasva,Bharadvaaja from circle=bhadra,arrow = vi =

    asva) with a sara(arrow),vaara(tail for the bull-the circle) in rebus.It shows ca,sa +

    patra,patri=saavitra, Savitri(Gaayatri). The sara being sa,u,va , the circle being ca and
    the four dots(paada,patra,bhadra,vaara) being sa , pa we have uca(vaca , usha) and

    ucas(vacas,ushas,four bulls), sava,dava,deva,zava etc. in these.

    One of the best examples of Harappan word art can be seen in the following scripts.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Tripatra is sriibhadra.Ca ,sa + patri = Savitri.Netra(Savitri) is tri-na(0).

    Intersecting circles produce the jhasha(fish) symbol.A jhasha is a netra(with two lids)

    and a matsa.Matsa is masta . Masta has two sravas which form patras of a bird to

    form Savitri.

    Masta(head) is also a bhadra(a bull,king,a cipher).The fish is also

    asva(usha=uksha) as already seen.Pra-bhata and pra-kaasa too

    have a pra(vaara-tail) which is the vaara of the Sed bull and

    the viirabhadra bull.Now note the tails attached to the bhadra(bulls)

    in the patra(leaf) and the patra in the drava(fish = dru =tree).

    Vaara (tail) can indicate water,number of times etc. Patra times(vaara) is

    bhadra(five ) times and matsa vaara is twelve times.Bhaga( bhaagya,yoni),vaca,

    vaaja,bhaata,bhaasa are also represented by this symbol.

    ->

    A bhadra(matsa) should have a tail

    Baaladhi (the hair at the edge of the tail) shows Bhaaratii( speech, Sarasvati,

    a river cf.Bharata). Trina can hava a na( )attached to it and denote

    Dharma(the god of death) or the Maruts(druma=trina=Marut).


    A santaanika is a cobweb.

    A pravaaNa is a junction of four roads.It is also a catushpatha (a meeting point of four

    roads ,a Brahmin).A cross thus shows a Brahmin.A cross is a firepit also.PravaaNa is

    pranava (AUM).The cross is thus AUM.Aum is avana(protection) and the cross (raksha –

    protection) implies the same.

    The script reads pa(0)-ra(|)-na( )- ma( )= pranaama,

    pranava(ma = na = va )

    PravaNa is pranava.Tiras is across .Saras is siras(head).Argala a crossbar is

    arka(the Sun) – La(Indra) and arcana (worship) .Siri is a sword or suula.Srii is a cross.

    Christ’s cross is the trisuula of Siva .Both reads srii.The cross being srii is also called

    sliiva(selewaah –prosperity-Aramaic) in Malayalam.

    This is a catvara,catushpatha or pravaaNa(pranaama,pranava) and reads

    na(cross )-ma( )=nama(pranaama),naama(name).

    This is a pravaaNa (pranava).


    -> Bhadradvaya is subhadra and Bharadvaaja.Bhadra being hasta(five) this is

    also 5+5= 10.Dasa(ten =10) is dvibhadra(1,0). Yama(two)-

    na(nahi = cipher) is na-yama = nayana(the eyes),sayana(sex,bed) etc.

    From aksha being a this script can indicate aa(Lakshmi=Srii) also.

    -> -> Trina(netra,Mitra,Indra,Varuna,Marut) is tripatra.It is tripaada and

    prabhaata.Matsa is masta.The three circles denote the face and the two ears.

    Trina is also praana and bharana(rule,the last asterism in Pisces.).Bharana

    is pranava.In the scripts and ,the vertical line is added to make pranava

    complete.

    A vakra is arka and a vapra.A valaya is a baalaka (a boy,a bangle,a ring).

    A vakra is va,ka and ra .It is kraya also.Suurya is suunya,puujya and bhojya.

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Numerically this script is the number 10 from the two crossed hands.

    Va( hand) is also auspiciousness,water and Varuna.


    From the horizontal ▬ sa + the lineabove the horizontal │ra,pa,ka + the line below the

    horizontal │i,ra = srii,bharata,bhadra,praata,raksha,rakta. This reading can be confirmed

    from the next script where a giri=srii=Dhaatri(da-tri) is placed above the srii in

    rebus.It is a bhadra(mountain) placed on bharata(fire) also.

    The Egyptian deities also carry a cross called the ankh(anka=agna)

    which also has the same implication.

    Usra(u=moon) =cakra(ca=moon) =raksha(salvation,ra=fire) =Sakra(Indra).

    The cross being pra-ata(aja),pra-kaasa,bhara-ta and bhadra it has a vaara

    (tail) attached to it. It also means dasavaara(ten times).It being bharata it is enclosed in a

    bhadra(a cipher,circle) also from which the bha(o)-ra(|)-ta(-)

    becomes even more clear.

    There are four paadas for the cross figure and hence it is a srii-paada

    which is prabhaata(praata,bharata). The as parvata(bhadra =pa-tra) is also

    prabhaata.From =

    a,da,sa,pa + va,ya =ava(protection),bhaya(fear),paya(water),taya(protection),

    dava(fire,deva), sava(a corpse),zava (a yaaga) etc. A raksha is a door bolt.(cf.saaksha and

    paksha in Malayalam. .Egyptian sa –a door bolt.Bharata sa is a bird and a bolt or cross

    makes a bird figure.) Thus the cross is the aja(asva,lama) figure itself.Hence we

    could hear the Christ(the sacrificial asva) on the cross (sacrificial fire)

    uttering “Eloi Eloi lama sabachtani”.


    A cross is Vaasava(vasu) Sakra (Indra), Vaasava raksha (an amulet) and Vaasava cakra (a

    wheel, a cycle). The crucified Christ is Vaasava (Indra) himself. The popularity of the

    Semitic religions especially outside India indicate that the vedic religion has not lost its

    vigour even after six thousand years of its existence.

    A cross is a raksha(Daksha= year). Raksha is

    ra (agni,the Sun),ka (the body, a king, agni, light, water)and sa (god, a bird). Khaga

    denotes the Sun and a bird.A sacrificial vedi is a vetra(ra = i) or bhadra(bharata).

    A pravaNa is a meeting point of four roads. It is pranava (AUM).The cross is srii ,sara

    and dhara also.Dhara denotes the letter la(Indra,the earth).Indra is ina(the Sun) and dhara

    (earth) as well. Dhara( + ) + pa ( o ) is nripa (a king).

    A cross has been an object of worship for the Bharats thousands of years before the hi-

    storical Christ was born and crucified.The cross is the ka(agni).It is the firepit.M-219 is a

    double fire (ina-yama-two) symbol.It is the original cross and swastika.

    PravaNa is also pranaama (obeisance) and sravana(ear,hearing). A singular proof to the

    script can be seen from the rite of pranaama before the image of a deity where one

    crosses the arms to form a pravaNa(pranaama) holding the ears(sravana – pranaama) and

    bowing the body (pranaama). Hence the cross

    and ear symbols can represent salutation also.

    The worship of Indra, the worship of the tree, the worship of the dead body, the worship

    of fire, killing and eating the king to worship him are all the central theme of worship of

    the followers of the cross (Christ) as established by the Asvamedha and the Sed festival

    rites. Right from the story of creation to the death of the Christ, the Bible narrates

    relevant Bharata stories only.


    tav(taya=protection= u-daya=saya= aja) = = =

    ajaasva= aja (Iisa=Isis,Joshua,Jesus)

    Daksha(year) is sacrificed and by saya(aja,udaya) raksha comes in the form of

    putra(Rudra = or Skandha,Horus ) .Usha is aja and kuja=ku(go)-ja;goza .

    Asvamedha is varshamedha, bhadra medha or matsamedha where the old year was killed

    and a new year was begun at the spring equinox. Varsha (a year) is bhadra (a bull), drava

    (a fish), marta (a man) etc. Completing a year of existence meant defeating the bhadra

    (varsha). The bull contest motifs in the seals announce this. The Asvamedha (defeating

    the bull) is still practised in Tamilnaadu as the jallikkattu (chasing the bull) at the pongal

    festival (corresponding to the winter solstice).

    ->

    The cross is the fire altar.It is an aksha(wheel) signifying raksha.A cakra is a

    bhadra(bull,king,a cipher,happiness) and bharata(fire,bhaasha). The sacrificial

    bull(victim) is Viirabhadra(a bull,a king).The king is the asva(avasa).

    A Baalakhilya has a tail.A bull has a tail and a king has a crown .

    68). We can now have a look into scripts which represent bharata without the

    bhadra(circular) form.

    -> + -> -> -> -> -> -> ->


    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> ->

    An open mouth is aa or AUM.Pranava is para-phana(a snake) also.

    Vadana(mouth) is vaadana, masta,matsa,nasta,srava(patra,sarpa) etc.

    It is the vaata of the head or is a ka-vaata and kapaala(svara).

    Bhadra the head, and patra the srava, both have a triangular form.A phani can indicate

    vaani(speech). The figure on the right is is a catvara,catushpatha or pravaaNa.The triangle

    with parallel cross lines is aja(usha).With another vertical line it becomes usra.

    -> naaga->↑naaka(heaven,arrow)= = pranava(rava- baana)=

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -

    The symbol at the left is the head(ma-sta),nose(na-sta) and the open mouth

    (vada-na) indicating ma,na,va, a and

    AUM(nu=nava=havana=call,invocation=svana=pranava=savana=yaaga) etc.Compare

    this with the head of the naaga (Nahusha=a king,a snake).Note the snake (Nahusha)
    symbol on the forehead of the Pharaohs (Egyptian- pra = Great house;Bharata –bhara= to

    rule;Vasishtha=vasatha-house,iisa-lord.Did the Bharata Vasishthas reach Egypt?).The

    vaana =a hole(cf.maala,maalaa,hve,hava,Havana) with a man(sha) is svana(AUM) ,

    suna(Indra),svaana(a dog) etc.A svana is paaNa-ja(hand- born=clap) like sabda which is

    paada- ja(foot-born=tramp).A paaNa(hand) is a paana(a cup),

    baana(arrow) ,baala(vaara=tail),vaana(a hole) etc.Masta being hasta

    this symbol is appended with the hand as in to indicate pranava

    nava(praise), nama(obeisance) and naama(name) .Nama(nava,maana) is indicated in the

    scripts like = + -> = + + -> = +

    sa,na,pa(=nahi,paana=cup,paaNa= hand)= + + + + = panca-na =

    vandana,bandhana = -> = This is a pravaaNa (pranava).

    pranava + = pranaama-bharata(prabhaata namaskaara). and have the

    same implication. A saari (srii) is a piece of chess.Aksh is to penetrate and aksha is a die

    for gambling and a snake.Aksha is uksha,usha,cakshas(eye = hole),paksha,masta,raksha,

    vaksha and hasta.A pravaaNa is pranava.The four dots form a cross(srii,bharata) and

    denote pa,sa,na,turiiya(suurya),catvara(cross=the field for a sacrifice itself) etc.

    ->
    A sar-pa (snake ) holds a sara ( an arrow) .

    Vasu(Vaasava –Indra,agni) is pasu(a cow), ushapa(the Sun),usha(dawn),udha(uudha-

    udder)etc.Prabhaata is a parvata also.Light is milk.Vaasava is ushapa and

    kesava(Vishnu).Uurmi is u.

    -> -> -> -> ->

    A vaadya is vadana(mouth),bhaata(dawn) ,bhaashana(speech) and bhaasa(shine). A

    horn(havana) is AUM. A vaadya is vasava.Dasa(ten) is desa(place,nation) and teja(light).

    pa(leg) – sa(each small box) - pa ,da(last triangle)Vaasava

    (Indra),patasa(a bird),pacata(Indra)

    A horn is a bhadra as pa (to rule)-dara (to split) or va (a hand)-dara (to split). Bhadra

    (vrisha=a bull) is Vrishaa (Indra). Hence the name kakudstha also.The horn also denote

    pranava(AUM).Aayudha is udaya.Prabhaata is multiple triangles. A horn(shofar) was

    sounded(AUM) in the morning to wake up people and worship the Sun.A yuddha

    beingudaya ,a bugle was sounded to wake up(alert) the people and worship the Sun(the

    victorious king) who will appear at the end of the yuddha(udaya).

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->
    A pa-tra(triangle,tripada) can have a pa(va = Varuna) with a sara,sira,zira,dara etc.

    Vadana (face,mouth) is vacana and vasana (a house) and vaasava(Indra).The siras is

    bhadra and a patra. Tryasra(a triangle) is srii-asira(agni,the Sun).

    Paada is bhaata,bhasa and bhadra.Pa + sa ▬ = ∆ is a triangle(va).

    Prabhaata is para(multiple)-paada = multiple triangles as in , ,

    Tripaada is Vishnu. An asra (angle,triangle) holds aasara(fire) and a srava(an ear,a

    hypotenuse,a diagonal) which is also a karna (ear,diagonal) .

    A wave is u (uurmi,the Moon, Siva) etc.

    A giri is kara,gira, and srii.A vapra is a prajaapati and a giri. A kiriita(crest) is a giri –

    da(giri) or tri – da (giri). Asi (a sword,knife,breath,you) is a pati (lord) and paci

    also.Giripati is sriipati.Atri can be an adri.A bhadra( giri –hill) is a patra(leaf,wing) and

    bharata(fire). A parvata(mountain) is patra(leaf,wing)- va(like),pa(leaf) and

    prabhaata(dawn) also. Hence Indra was able to chop the wings of the mountains! The

    parvatas (mountains) did have patras (wings,leaves ) which Indra chopped off.

    An adri(mountain) is a patri(a bird).

    A patri is a bird which shows subhadra and a subhadraa(a woman).

    Indra (aga-the Sun) is present in the agas (mountains) like Sinai, the Himalaya etc. and in

    the aakaasa(aga-aasa=seat on a mountain) also. Hence Moses and Israel (Indra) met him

    and got the ten commandments atop Mount Sinai. Dasa pramaana(ten commandments)

    shows pranava dasa (the beginning).

    -> -> -> -> -> -> ->


    multiple triangles

    A triangle is lamba(balam=strength,the vertical line =karna),bharata(fire) and

    bhadra(happiness,a bull,a king,a circle).Conjoined triangles indicate the same in an

    augmented way.

    a,pa,da( leg) – sa(horizontal) – ra(vertical)patra (a leaf), Vaasava

    (Indra), pajra (a rich man), padra (a village, village

    road), bhadra (a king, happiness),

    adhara(lips),asra(angle),asira(fire),,vajra

    (weapon of Indra) etc.

    -> A parvata has multiple patras(triangles) and is hence prabhaata.

    Prabhaata is not only a parvata but is a paara(vaara=water)-vata(ocean) is also evident

    from the(u) water hills or waves as we call it.Hence Moses(mosaa-Sunrise-

    Hebrew) and Isra(iisvara,usra)-el (la-Indra) crossed this ocean and reached mount Sinai

    (Exodus:12-19).

    Bhadrakaali is Bhadraa (Durga) and Subhadra(Vishnu).A mountain is a

    bhadra and a patra (leaf) is a bhadra.A dvi – bhadra is ravi –bhadra; Subhadra and

    Bharadvaaja.

    Pa(leaf)+pa(mountain)=paa(to protect),bhaa(light,the Sun)


    69). -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> ->

    Netra (eye) is trina(grass) ,marta,Marut,Indra,Mitra,Drona,Dharma ,

    sarana,saravana(ear,pranava),sravana(ear,veda) etc.Tripaada is prabhaata. Asra (a tear,

    blood, an angle) is asira (fire), vajra (a weapon of Indra), svana (sound), svara

    (sound),agna(fire),vaashpa(tear),raaja(a king),aacaarya(a teacher,aasraya-

    refuge),savana(a yaaga),tapana(the Sun),vadana(face), vasu(pasu=go=ray,agni,eye) etc. A

    cry is svara(sound,suurya,AUM) and asra (tear,light) accompanies it.Vaashpa(baashpa-a

    tear) is vasu(Vaasava).

    Arishtra is tear and onion.

    Vasavii is mother of Vyaasa.Ashtaadasa is eighteen.Ashtavasu is vasava.

    pa(^) – sa(▬) –na,ya, vi,va,hi( ) ,paada(four) asana (food), vacana

    (speech),vasava(vasu), Vaasava(Indra),Vaasavi,paadapa(a tree),vasana (a cloth, a house),

    pacana (fire, cooking), vadana (face)

    turiiya(four) – va - asra - > suuryabhadra.

    vri-na – asra -> varnaacaara(caste system),paramaacaarya(supreme

    teacher)

    vi( ) –pra(vri)- asra(angle) -> vipra(a scholar) – aacaarya(a teacher)

    Ashta(eight)-pada is ishta(udaya) –deva(rava).Hence the

    Mahaabhaarata(bhaarata=praata=bhaasha denotes the Bharata language) has


    ashtaadasaparvas(parva=bharata=bhadra) and there are ashtaadasa puraanas.

    70). -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> -> ->

    Vasatha is a house and pacata is the Sun, Indra and fire.Vasatha- iisa

    is Vasishtha.Vasatha is vasa (house,cloth),vaca(speech,the Sun) and pada

    (foot,word) and iisa ( is lord = king).

    Note the words abhivaadana,asana,asta,asva,aasana,aahvaana,ukshaa,

    ukta,upaasa,paksha,patra,paatra,panca, pacana,pastya, paaNa,paana, baana,

    bhajana,bhadra,bharata,bhavana,pavana,paavana,bhasana,bhaasana,

    bhaashana,matsa,masta,vacana,vadana,vajra,varsha,vana,vasati,vasatha,

    vaana,vaani,vaasra,vasara,sabda,sapta,havana etc.

    A house denotes the alphabet a(asta),pa(pastya,bhavana) and cha as it is a chaa(cover).


    A vasati can be a divasa.

    It can be seen that vadana(mouth,speech,face) is equated with food,fire,

    fish , bird,arrow,bull,horse ,house,water,seat etc.

    -> sa,va + pa,ra,la ->

    pada(foot,word cf. pa,sa in Egyptian and traditional carpenter’s chiselling pravesa on

    door frames),raaja,ratha,vara,vaara,vaala etc.A foot is a tail.

    Since the ra is on(u) sa it is also usha,sura etc.A foot is a pillar for a building.

    va,u + ra -> rava(deva),ru (sound,war),ravi(va is under ra)

    -> pa+ ═ sa + ra,la,na = bhadra,pacana

    -> (ru)+ ═ (sa,ma) = rucaa(light),Varuna(ravi+na),rumaa(wife of Sugriiva,a

    saltpit )cf. Siddim Valley is the Salt sea.(Genesis:14). Lot(rucaa)’s wife became a pillar of

    salt(Genesis:19).

    -> ravi+ bhadra =viirabhadra,pra + paada=prabhata,srii+pada= Drupada

    Each dot is a paada or pillar.Prabhaata , can have several paada is also shown by

    This is an upper story of a house or parigha.Agriha can be Garga.Paada


    (bhaasa,vesa) on paada is upaasa (worship).

    -> -> -> ->

    Grihas can depict Garga.A bhavana (house) has a vaana(arrow) in it.

    A satra has a sara(an arrow) in it. Pac( to cook) is pas(paz=to bind,to touch,to see),bhas(to

    devour),bhaash(vad=to speak),vas to shine,ush(to dawn) etc. Vasatha can be a

    bhasad(glans penis,the vulva) .

    A bhadra(hearth=bharata=fire) has a sara(arrow) in it. Sava is the Sun and dava is fire.

    Va is two and Varuna.A pestle is a pattal(bhadra) and fire is patta(bharata cf. birsh=fire-

    Toda) for the South Indians. Bharatha -maatri is the drona (arani), the two pieces of

    wood used to kindle fire in a sacrifice and is placed before the Unicorn along with the

    Bharata symbol

    or . A Brahmin considers himself as agni.

    = pa+ ra + ▬ sa,ta -> praata,bharata

    Arara or aata is a door panel. A patra is a pa(leaf).This sign is placed with the Unicorn

    to indicate Bharata.

    Pra -vana is pranava , pranaama and pramaana.Bhasaaka(happiness) can be expressed by

    a pataaka(flag).
    pa +sa ▬ + - ka-ra -> bhaaskara (the Sun),paasadhara

    A bharata griha can have a patra atop as a flag..It can be a scraper also.

    A satra(vaasra- a house) has a sara in it and a dvaara too is a sara(dara).A griha can be

    Garga.A vastra(cloth) can have a sara in it.

    pa-sa-sara,ka -> vastra(a cloth),bhaaskara,patra (a leaf), pajra (a rich man), padra (a

    village), bhadra (a king, a bull, happiness), bharata (fire),

    vaasara (a week day), bhaasa (light), vajra(a weapon of Indra), bhadaaka(happiness) .

    M-31,M-326

    A kata is a geha and vaahana to convey a dead body.It is a kara.Dhaara is flow.Daara is a

    wife. Sreni is tarani(the Sun) and caalanii(a filter).Haara is a garland. Vaasara(day) is a

    haara.

    + + paada + ra = vaasara,bhadra,paatra,patra,vaasra,vasu etc.

    tripatra=srii – bhadra -> sriibhadra( prosperous),srii bharata( agni)

    va,aa – sa,– va,na,ya Vaasava (Indra), aasana(seat),vaasa (a house),


    bhaasa (light),bhaata(dawn),paada(feet),

    aasaya (a seat, an idea)

    Aratni (the fist with the little finger raised) is an arani.

    A leather bag was used to carry water and wine.

    Traya can have a ya,va or ma inside to make it druma,dhruva,sruva,etc.

    Akshu(a net) is aksha and uksha . Jaala is jala and kshaara.

    Huda is a fence. Viitamsa is a net trap to catch birds. Kata is a mat.Kupinii is

    a fishing net or a fisherman.Kupinda(cf.Govinda) is a weaver.Kulaaya is a

    bird’s nest.Caalana and caalinii are filters or strainers.Aanaaya is a net.

    Jaala is a net.A bhadra is a net.Saya is a mat. A fence(saala) is a bhadra(pa) and is

    denoted by sa(god,bird,a fence). A netra is a vastra.

    pa + ═ sa ,ma + ra,dra = bhadra,patra,vastra,bharata.

    Netra is nayana = na(bhadra) – yama(two). Hence netra (vastra)


    has two parts – upper and lower or under and over.

    Aanaaya (a net) shows Vaasava(Indra).Bhadra (a net) shows

    bharata(fire).Dvi – pa is subha.Uu is raksha.Uuta is woven.

    -> -> ->

    pa,va( ) +sa(▬) + ra + bhadra(aksha)  patra (a wing), bhadra (a

    square, a cipher, a na,va,bha,rii king, happiness), varsha (a year, rain), bhaaskara

    (the Sun). There are four(paada) small bhadras and a

    large bhadra to make it bhadrapaada,panca bhadra or bhadra vacana (auspicious

    speech).Each bhadra is bharata (fire).

    pa + sa + bhadra +(four bhadras)bhaadrapada (the fifth lunar month) =

    The Unicorn(which has five bhadras-paadas- from the four paadas and the fifth bhadra-

    the horn. For the lamassu five feet are given.

    pa – ra- pa ,sa -> prabhaa(light), bharata (fire),patra,bhadra

    A vapra is a wall.Arara is a door panel(patra).A paada has a pa(vertical) and ca(sa =

    horizontal) .
    paada (four) – pa (the alphabet)  paadapa (a tree), Vaasava (Indra),

    kavaca (a shield)

    pa – sa  pada(foot,word),paasa (a cord), bhaasa

    (light),bhaata(dawn), zava (the Sun, a sacrifice), dava (fire), deva (god)

    A box is an ox and so is the sound box(voice).See the horn in the box.Hence it is AUM.

    pa( ) + sa(▬) + ra, va,sa ( )-va ,sa,ka( ) Vaasava (Indra), paadapa (a

    tree), kavaca( a shield, an amulet),vaadya,vasu , Bharadvaaja,prakaasa

    A vapra (a field,prajaapati) is a parva (a part) and prabhaa(light).Arara is a door panel.A

    vaata(a site,an enclosure) is a pata(a cloth),bhaata(dawn),pada(foot,word),

    deva(god),vata(a fig tree) etc.

    Arara is a door panel.

    pa+ ra+ pa + prabhaa (light) or

    pa + ═ sa + ra,na = bhadra,patra,pajra,vajra,vacana,bhaashana

    -> -> -> -> ->


    Vadana(mouth) has rada(radana-teeth) in it.Paada has toes in it.

    Agna has na in it. Asana undergoes adana with radana in the vadana.

    Asana can be asma also as the tempter asked Jesus in the wild.

    Tri-sa(=) + pa( )=patatri=savitri =Drupada(king),prabhaata.

    pa,sa,vaata + na,ma,vavadana,vasana,padma, vacana,bhasana,bhaashana

    bhaasana , bhavana,pavana,

    vasu-Vaasava -Indra ,the asterism Dhanishta(sreshta=tra-sta=sreya-sta=seated in the sky.

    It is used for saavitra upanayana hence.Sraavana is Drona,the teacher and veda) ,

    paadapa (a tree),

    kavaca (a shield),asana,agna,bhasma etc.Hence the bhasma is also

    applied in this fashion.Anghri(anhri) is angulii(anu-kulii ) also.

    -> pa,sa + va ,na + ═ sa,ma =

    vasana,vadana,vacana,bhasana,bhaasana,bhaashana,bhasma,asana etc.

    pa,sa + va,na,a + ═ sa,ma + ra,na,ca ,ka bhaashana (speech),

    vadana (face), kavaca(a shield), Vaasava (Indra), avasa (a

    king,food),saavitra (the Sun),pavitra,pravesa,praata,bharata


    Mahatii is the lute of Naarada,Kacchapi is that of Sarasvati.Upakvana is the sound of a

    lute.

    a) pa,va – da,ra,na(hand,needle ) - sa,ma,ya ═  vaadya (a musical

    instrument), paatra (a vessel, a boat), varana (Indra), vaahana (yaana – a vehicle, viina –

    a lyre)

    va - ii – na  viinaa (a lyre), vaani (word, Sarasvati),

    paani (a hand), ina (the Sun),paana (a cup), bhaana (light)

    ka ( ) – va ( )– sa ═  kavaca , svaaha

    Explanation of a few seals shown in Asko Parpola’s Deciphering the Indus Script(DTIS)-

    1994

    1.

    Figure 1.10 page 14.M-1429.A moulded terracotta amulet. A Harappan ship with a

    central box cabin with a bhadra(cf.the patta on the priest king’s forehead) in the box and

    with two birds one on each end of the box seated in the boat is shown .A boat is a pot.A

    potra(boat) is putra and Savitri.A yaana is a paana.Compare this with the script

    (ru,rava,sri,rati) which is the face , the pranava and a paatra.A bhadra is a netra( =
    = = = = ). The Bharata terms

    vadana(face),masta(head),matsa(fish) , sukha(pleasure), mukha(face), nau(a

    ship),nu(nava=praise),nauka(a boat),yaanapaatra(boat),pota(boat = paatra),the Egyptian

    words mhnt(face),mhnt(boat) etc. and the Malayalam words monta(a cup),monta(face)

    may be compared.The birds are the netra(eyes).The mast(cabin) is nasta (nose).

    va,pa ( , ) + sa,patra(bird) + ra(bhadra = box) = bhadra(happiness),

    bharata(fire),praata(dawn),Bharata (the people of the Indus valley) etc.By the

    paatra(boat) which is a figure of the vadana the amulet is prepared to augment prosperity

    and happiness.This ship can be seen in the Bible as the Ark of Noah where the birds are

    portrayed as a raven and a dove.(Genesis:8)

    2.

    Fig 1.14, 1.15.page21.Here bhadra(bhadra) are shown with symbols of patra(leaves,birds,

    , ),hari(pasu=deer) etc. All these point to bhadra(happiness),bharata fire etc.

    = =bharata=praatar =bhadra=paada=bhaata.this symbol is hence placed by the

    Unicorn

    (aja-eka-paada=bhadraasva )also.This shows the Bharadvaaja(Bharata)

    culture.

    3.

    Fig.4.2.page55. A fish(gaayatri) sign is incised on an anthropomorph.


    This simply shows matsa is marta and mahisha is manusha.Agna(man) is asva(fish) and

    Gaayatri.

    4.

    Fig.4.3 page55 Dmd-1.A single alphabet is inscribed on an amulet.

    A vakra is a cakra and bhadra.A single alpabet in a paada is srii,uktaa etc.

    Uktaa is uksha(cf.aleph) and usha. Akshara is raksha and Sakra.Hence the single alphabet

    is enough to create an amulet. This is the aja(agna,jaya,yaja,vaca) symbol.See H-3305

    page 91 also. It is ka(kha),sa etc.

    5.

    Fig4.4page 55.Two St.Andrew’cross.Belongs to period 1700-1400BC.

    Proto-Christianity existed in the Vedic Harappan and Egyptian cultures.The cross is a

    raksha ,raaja, bharata,bhadra , praata and srii.The cross reads ka, kha,na,ra,sa etc

    6.

    Fig 4.6 page 57.M-507.A Sumerian sylinder seal C2500 BC with the motif

    is also shown to show that the Harappans borrowed this from Sumer.

    The endless knots are anantabhadraas or guna(suna)bhadras which make

    aanandabhadra(augmented happiness.bhadra=aananda = happiness.)and bhadra(praata)

    vandana.The patra(leaf),bhadra(dot,lamp) etc features further confirms this.The Tamil

    term kola is from suna(auspiciousness),guna(suutra=thread) , loka(sight),roha(sunrise) ,

    havana(=AUM=call);go(light,eye,the Sun)-la(Indra) etc.The wife had to draw the kolam

    and then wake up her bhartaa(bhadra) who would tread(paada,bhadra) on the

    bhadra(kolam) so that a paadabhadra or paadabandhana(knot on feet) was formed.This

    was said to increase the longevity of the nuptial knot.Rightly so since the more the
    bhartaa lived the more he would place his bhadra(foot) on the suutra.The scripts ,

    , -> etc. indicate the same point. Paadabandhana is paadavandana(obeisance by

    touching the feet).By this the wife showed her veneration and submission to the husband

    which ensured the life of the nuptial knot.And in disguise it is bhaata(dawn)

    vandana(worship) . The seals of bull fights(bhadra bandhana),Drupada bandhana in the

    Mahabhaarata,Setu (ketu=light,day;prabhaata=paaraavaara=sea)bandhana in the

    Raamaayana,Christ’s washing(savana=vand=tapana=panca=bandh) the feet of his

    disciples etc. are events that have the implication of bandhana as vandana in the same

    line.

    7.

    Figure 4.9 page 65.K-100,K-96.

    K -100 is a potsherd with the inscription

    which shows overlaps in writing from right to left. We have already seen

    that is the head of a paada(line) and is the foot and the writing is in the foot to

    head style.The fish is asva(a),cakshas(ca) , patra(pa) etc.The head is ka(kapaala,karna)

    ,sa(saras) etc. The agna(aksha) figure is a,na,ka,sha etc.

    Hence this inscription reads ca-sha-ka = paanaka=a cup to drink soma.

    K-96 is another potsherd with the inscription


    The script at the left is pa(va =2) and at the right is tra(tri=3).Combining the two we have

    patra=paatra=bhadra=bharata.The is sara or astra(a) which is patra or paatra in rebus.

    Similarly the fish is asva(a) or bhadra(bull) which again is

    paatra in rebus.A paa-tra is pa(water)-dhara(bearer) and a bhadra(king,bull) too is a

    pa(water,protection,rule) –dhara(bearer). Paatra+ paatra is subhadra.This also the scripts

    like as matsa is marta and sara(arrow) is water. From astra(=a) and asva

    (agna=a) we have the reading as pa –a - a –tra =paatra(a pot,vessel) .Hence the reading is

    paatra(bhadra)-paatra(bhadra) or subhadra. Vadana(the face ) is the water carrier(by the

    eyes) as bhadra(masta,ma=pa=water) is the head .

    The fish symbol is paa and go also. Hence the inscription can indicate vajra gotra also.

    8.

    Fig 4.10 page65.H-103 Impression of a square seal inscribed along three sides.Writing

    begins at the top left in a leaf(= fish) sign and traces down

    and then proceeds right ending in the inverted watercarrier script(= aja).

    (3) (2 ) (1)

    In this = ; = =

    = srava(patra) =pa-dru;prabhaa,vru kara=va ,da,ha,ta,sha;

    = a,ca,paa,go,ma; = tara-ni(ta), paatra(pa),yaana(ya);

    =aja(sa) ; =vadana(ru,rava,sara,usha);
    = tra,dru ; =dasra,pati ,srii,bhadra,asra = a,pa,sa =kna,rka,ru

    =bhaanu,bhaarata

    = prabhaakara(prabhaata,Drupata,vrishabhaa-nau,naava jaya)-gotra(bhaarata)-

    vritra(rudra)-sri-agna(arka,Sakra) –bhaa-nu

    9.

    Fig 4.12 page66 M-66 A seal with the usual Unicorn. The inscription

    begun at the left is cramped at the last scripts and the final aja script is takan to the

    second line.

    bhadra(rishabha,Krishna)-karnanetra(mitra)-agni-bhaanu- rudra(kara) –sa(jaya)

    We have seen this in subheading no 48.

    10.

    Fig 5.4 page 82 H-94 A man ligature with a tiger and a bird symbol is shown.The hand of

    the man has two circles. The tiger is given anka(agna)

    marks all over and the claws(karaja=raksha,Sakra) are distinctive.

    Purusha is bhadra . Bhuja is subha and bhoga(a snake).Bharadvaaja

    is bhadradvaya. A pasu is subha. Suura( a Tiger is ) zuura (the Sun).

    Suunari(dawn) is su –hari(tiger) cf . pulari=puli in Malayalam.

    Patra(bird) is bhadra and is equivalent of aja.

    Paasadhara(bhaaskara) is Varuna(va – roma;bhruuna). A tiger is va(Varuna,water,subha).

    The double circles like the embryo represent


    Varuna as iriina(a hole).

    =subha=caapa=paasa ; tiger = subha ; bird ma,pa = va =

    usha ;pakshi = uksha=usha; patra(bird,chariot,horse) = bhadra

    (bull,king,happiness)=va(water,subha) –dhara(bearer) = bha-rata(fire = chariot) .Hence

    the inscription is subha bhadra = subhadraa (the dancing girl),Varuna,vasu etc. =

    pa+ca=paasa=caapa

    Can there be numerals in this? man =1,+0+0,+ tiger = 0,+ bird=0, = 10000

    Since bird = srava = kraya , such a possibility cannot be ruled out .

    The object of transaction might be bhadra(brick).The two circles as na+na=naa can be a

    simple rebus extension of naa(a man) .

    11.

    Figure 6.3 page 91. H-3305 An amulet with three sides showing the aja

    inscription accompanying a nagna(agna,naga,angana)

    yosha(aja=jaya=yaja=usha=vasava=vasu).It is aja(usha=Isis)=sa(god)-vi(devi)

    =jaya(success). Strii is srii.Kotarii(naked,Durga) is Durga(Suurya) and kotira(Indra).

    Three sides are there

    to show prabhaata by tripada(cf.Vishnu) or tribhadra. is vakra showing

    va(Varuna,auspiciousness,water,hands)-ka(fire,head,light,water)-ra(fire).

    AitareyaBraahmana :13.1 clearly states about this as the

    jagadhi(ekaakshara=ekapatra=Sakti) candas that like a bird(Isis) flew into heaven with


    four aksharas to bring soma(svana) from heaven to earth but later cast off three aksharas

    to reduce her weight and became ekaakshara

    (aga-aja,sakra-Indra = the rising Sun)

    12.

    Fig.6.4.c page 92.A double horned bull is accompanied with the inscription

    The clue to the inscription is in the first script on the left which is a vaasra(a

    house,bull),vesa (entry) etc. and denotes bhaasa( light) and bhaata( dawn) denoted by

    vrishabha(Taurus=prabhaata) and the script at the right which is the tail of the bull.

    Hence we have (vi)- (ra)- vaasra(bhadra)- (da,ta,kara,hara)- (tra,sara)

    Viirabhadra-darsa(sacrifice),dasra(Asvins),sraddhaa(respect,daughter of the Sun)

    This as already seen in 53 is the third paada of bhaata where the Sun becomes

    Rudra(hot).

    = pa,ra + ▬ sa + va , sa =

    pasava,vasava,vasu,visva,usha,ushapa,vaasra,bhadra etc.

    bhadra ra vi tra ru -> , , , etc.


    Rudra –viirabhadra .Viira(ravi)bhadra is Rudra and is the sacrificial

    asva(bull).Asvamedha is the Sed(bull’s tail) festival and is the modern Holy

    Mass.Viirabhadra (pra-bhaata,pra-kaasa) has a vaara(tail) which is that of the bhadra(a

    bull,a king) who is sacrificed.

    Vaara(door,tail)=dvaara=bhadra(bull) . Hence attached to the door.

    The bhadra symbol is shown in Figure 6.4.d of page 92 also.

    This simple inscription will settle all doubts about the language in the seals.

    13.

    Fig.7.1.a.page.103. Note the drumaasraya( Dronaacaarya=Bharadvaaja)

    in the inscription over the Unicorn Bharadvaaja(bhadravaaca = auspicious welcome

    words.). The Akkadians and the Assyrians kept the lamassu

    (winged bull often with five legs) on the gates of the Royal house as a protective deity.

    The inscription in this seal tells the same story.

    (vana) + (ca,paa) + vaasra(sa-vi-tra),vadana(mukha) + a,da,sa + sa

    + ta,sa,va + patri(sa)+ vi (horse,bird) +

    drumaasraya(Dronaacaarya=Bharadvaaja),dru,ta = panca bhadra asva savitri (savita);


    panca paada(mukha-vadana) asva savitri horse(bird) =Five footed(faced) asva is the

    horse( of ) Savitri;paavana(pure)-bhadraasva-saavitri=pure bhadraasva is

    saavitri;saavitra-bhadraasva-bhavana=house of Bharadvaaja Saavitra(a brahmin’s house).

    The Drumaasraya ,bhadraasva(unicorn) etc.confirms this. .Savitri ( Gaayatri ) is the

    protector of all.Saavitra is the Sun and a Brahmin.Interestingly

    panca bhadra is vacana bhadra(bhadraasva = Bharadvaaja) itself.

    14.

    Figure 7.3 page 105. Motif of flying bird on painted pottery.From Susa 1

    4100-3500 BC is very interesting. Paatra is portrayed with patra in the usual

    Bharadvaaaja style.The Mehrgarh settlements began around 6500BC.About 1500 years

    later the Bharatas(Bharadvaajas) reached Sumer and in another 1500 years they reached

    Egypt.Paatra is patra(bhadra=bharata) .

    15.

    Fig.7.10 page 109. H -764. A moulded tablet with the Gaayatri inscription.

    = tri – ka,sa,ra = Gaayatri (Savitri)= trika =Durga; raatri,sriibhadra

    16.

    Fig .7.12 page 109.M-478. The sacrificial vessel and a tree.

    An adhvara is a soma yaaga.The Holy Communion where the kaasa(cashaka) holds the

    rakta of the Christ and the pilaasa(paatra,praata)

    holds the body(white bread = the Sun in the praata) of the Christ may be

    compared with this. The inscription is :


    panava(bhadra vaadya=gaa=savana) + +

    vana(paaNa=paana=panava =vaadya)

    A tree = vriksha = raksha,prakaasa,ta. A vara vana is pranava. So is the man with the

    paana(maanava=savanna=sha+paana).Cupbearer man + tree = AUM =sa-vana = (god

    in the tree = sa-vana = yaaga)

    ca ka,paana ra sha,ra,na vana,sa,ha ( =

    =sreni=druma=drona=ta,sa,na) subhadra(kavaca with two feet= Bharadvaaja) or

    panava.Vaadya is vadana(matsa),medha etc. and the writing in the seal is left to right.

    Hence we have

    (panava) gaa + sa(savana) + na, ra ,sha+ ra + paana,sa,ka +

    ca(turiiya,suurya)+ sha +paana+ vana(sakra,raksha,rakta,ka,nara) =

    gaatra(kaasara=buffalo=asva)-rakta(raksha,raaja ,Sakra) – savana(Soma,yaaga) =

    rakta gaatra(Rudra) savana = soma yaga=the Holy Communion.The wooden cross is

    wood (tree = raksha) itself as seen above.The tree worship of Harappa is still carried on

    as the worsip of the cross.Rakta(=sona=soma) is raksha and raaja .In the asvamedha the

    sacrifice is the raaja gaatra(instead of gaatra – kaasara –rakta). Compare this seal with

    M-1186 (paara .1) to see the asvamedha.The inscription can also be read as saavana

    suurya prakaasa(na).

    17.

    Fig. 7.14 page 111,112 The copper tablets from Mohenjodaro.There are
    anka(agna,anga) or athari (finger,adri) marks on the bodies(ka,ga=gaatra)

    of the figurines to indicate agni or ga,ka-athari=Gaayatri,Savitri.Conjoined

    bodies (para,vara –kaaya) indicate prakaasa.When the bodies are three it is trikaaya =

    prakaasa,Gaayatri(Savitri) .

    B 1. + Unicorn

    A unicorn seal reads netra(=net=subhadra= ,netri)-sr-ii-ru-dra-bhadra-aja(stop) .There

    are also three saavitri or saavitra(a Brahmana) combinations from , and

    in this script.It can also be read as saavitra(= a Brahmin,note the forehead

    sectarian mark)- (taranii=the sun ,a boat)- bhaarata(bhadra)- agna(asva

    cf.unicorn) - va(to go,like) - dvija(dvi-sa,vaasa,vaa) which means a saavitra

    dvija(a Brahmin) is a leader like the sun , fire and Indra(netra).

    B 7. + Hare grazing grass

    as(paada,bhaasa,vaasa,vaaja) usa(ru) tra = saavitra(saavitri,saavitra =a

    Brahmana)

    or rudra vaasa or daaru vaasa.(place of rudra or one residing on trees

    =drumaasraya=Dronaacaarya)
    sasa(hare),jhasha(fish from crossing two circles),Savitri,saavitra ,bhaarata ,sravaa,

    vaasara

    = patra(leaf,vegetables),bhadra(a king,bull,happiness,fire),bhaarata,ta,da,va

    = aasana(seat),asana(food),khatva(gata=gone),sira(bed,snake,head=siira –the Sun)

    patra(leaf),bhadra(a cipher,stop),bhaarata,ta,da,va

    The inscription is Saavitra patra aasana .It indicates Vishnu seated on the

    patra(=bharata=fire) of the Asvatha(AUM),a saavitra(Braahmana=priest king) seated on

    the bhadra(royal) aasana(throne).Sasa(Savitri,saavitra)

    bhadraasana is the throne of the god or the priest ( the godking).It can be the throne of a

    Braahmana called Sasa(Sasi=Soma )or the part of Bhaarata called Sasa also. Another

    indication is saavitra sasa patra asana = a Braahmana and a sasa eat patra = vegetarian or

    a Braahmana eat jhasha(fish) and patra(vegetables) indicating food habits of Braahmins.

    Sasa patra is also jhasha(matsa=marta) bhartaa = a king.

    Sasa (jump) is sazana(killing for the sacrifice) also.

    It can also be read as vaaja(yaaga)-Rudra –Sraava-saasana ie a sacrifice by the order

    of (king) Rudra-Sraava.

    Sasa=yaja =sata,patra=bhadra(0),asana(agna=eka)=100+0+1=1001

    18.

    Fig 10.1.a.page 180. Fish eating alligator.

    Fish is sa,pa,go + a nakra(karna,.harana,sravana) =gokarna(naaga=naga),

    sankara,dinakara,dhanakara,jina,dina,bhaaskara,bhaarata etc.
    sa,ga,pa + atri (swallower),na,sa = Savitri,Gaayatri,patri(bharata),Bhaarati,bhaana,bhaasa

    vaaja etc.

    Fish(ca) + ghaz(to eat) = cakaas(shine),sahas(strength,name of a month).

    Nakra is also kirana(rays). The fish is also a mahisha(Varuna) and the nakra

    (mahira) is Mitra.The pair is the white Mitra(cf.the white robes of the Egyptian

    and Christian priests=day) and the dark Varuna.(=night).

    19.

    Fig 10.2 page 181. A unicorn and a double horned bull with a single body

    placed under a fish. This is the figure of sunrise.Matsa is mahisha(asva).From it a

    bhadraasva(aja,agna=unicorn ) is born into Aja(Aries).Ajasta = ekaadasa = Rudra

    or the buffalo with the downward horn becomes the aja with the small horns

    which is the unicorn and then the usra with the double horn which isRa-usra

    ( Rudra).

    This is raajaasva or bhdraasva or raajaraaja as the

    fish is asva=avaza = king or sa=ca= ja aja is a or aja ,jaya,iisa or

    usha(udaya=Judea) and Rudra(putra = nazrene ;ra=na. Hence Brahma gave na to

    Rishabha ,the second sign) is ra = vi =ravi(vi =bird =horse) . This is INRI of the Vedas.

    Bhadra (bha) + bhadra(bha) + jhasha(sa) = bhaasa(light),bhaata(dawn), paada(feet)

    20.
    Fig 10.5,10.6 page 183 Star on pa-tra(fish) and paa-tra(a cup).

    Pa is water. Bha is a star. Bhaarata is bhaa-taara. Pa(bha)-tra(taara,dhara) and

    paa(bha,bhaa)-tra(taara,dhara) can have stars in them. Udu is both a star and water.

    A paatra holds pa and thereby bha.

    A fish is Brihaspati,Savitri etc.A star is a taara,taaraka etc.Taara is the wife of

    Brihaspati.Taara is also tra,traa,tri,srii etc.Taaraka is a cakra,raksha,rakta,Sakra,Sagara

    etc.Bha-dra and bha-rata have taara(star) in them.Matsa(manusha,mahisha) +taara(ka) =

    nakshatra = a star in rebus.Mahisha rakta(taaraka) is gaatra raksha and was

    sprinkled on the body hence.The stars are blood , water or milk drops.Since bhadra is

    water,word and bharata its drops also serve the same the same purpose.

    pa(water,bha,paana,paatra) + ca,sa(fish,star) =bhaasha, bhaasa,bhaata, bhaja,vaca,bhaya

    Star(taaraka,cakra) is the symbol of raaja(power) . The more stars a captain has on his

    shoulder the greater is his power.

    21.

    Fig10.7.page 183.U.16747.A water carrier with a star on either side of the head.

    A bha-dra is the head and a king.Bha-dra and bha-rata have taara and ratha

    in them.A bhadra carries the pa(bha) =water which is pa(rule,protection).

    A head carries the bha of bhadra in addition to the taara(bha) in ne-tra,sra-va

    etc. as shown in the figure.Bha(star) + sha(man)+bha(star) = vasava(vasu).

    In figure 10.9 page 185 M-305 a deity sitting in a yogic posture has three

    stars in the buffalo horns worn by the deity along with fish inscriptions.
    The matsa is mahisha.Mahisha bha-dra the bull is bha-rata and praa-tar which have the

    taara in them. The fish or mahisha is savitri especially in this symbol with the

    cross(patri) and four bhadra making another cross.

    sa (four dots or foot) + pa + sri = savitri.

    22.

    Fig.10.13 page. 187. A man carries two fishes in either hand.A seal from Ur

    belonging to twenty-fifth century BC.

    The fish is bhaa.

    Matsa is marta,masta,hasta and mahisha(mahesa=naga-iisa,

    mahaa-iisa,iisa=raja=lord). Hence the fish in the hand is self explanatory.

    23.

    Figure 10.18 page 188. The proto-Siva seal. The deity has buffalo horns

    and is surrounded by several animals.The deity is made to sit in the ardhodaya

    aasana(sitting on the toes=arka udaya=sunrise) on a tuurya(damaru=drum) and a sarabha

    (=mriga-a deer cf. prakaasa= mriga aasa)with an inscription


    What is the inscription ? The clue to the inscription is in the inscription itself. The sara

    = at both ends indicate saraasana and the readability of the inscription

    bothways.Saraasana is seat on arrows like Bhiishma in the Mahaabhaarata or Devasi(St.

    Sebastian=diipti=light) of the Christians.

    The sara seat is further confirmed by the sara-bha (prabhaa=light) deer which supports

    him and the mriga(mriga=prabhaa) or pasu(vasu=ray) which surround him especially the

    sarabha elephant also.Saraasana itself is sarabhaasana. Tuurya (drum)+ sarabha

    (deer=prabhaa) = suuryaprabhaa.The damaru has indication of mrita(dead

    cf.maartaanda).Mrita is pareta or preta.Note the T or cross symbol for mr- the libation

    trough- in Egyptian which is also the word for a pyramid-pramiita-dead.Pramiita is

    prabhaata(praata). A pareta is praata and bharata . Hence

    on seeing the preta of the Christ on the cross the devils(darkness) run away.

    Sab-da too has got a sava(corpse) in it.The animals are called pasu or asva

    because of the great asva(vaca,bhaasha,voice) they make or their horns make

    when blown.The Tiger in the seal indicates Varuna and purusha vyaaghra.

    The elephant(bhadra) indicates a naaga (naaka=arrow,heaven) and is the counterpart of

    the Aadisesha naaga(a snake=the sky) upon whom Vishnu rests.The bhadra (buffalo) and

    the Unicorn indicate praata and udaya.

    The sara or sarabha(prabhaa) is the kara of the Sun on which he rests.

    Another indication is from sarabha as nripa by which nripaasana

    (throne) of the king is indicated.The king was the god.


    Let us now read the inscription:

    (sara,nara,para,ra,sa,ma) (a-adhara,bha-bhasana,ka-karna,na-nakra) (a-

    adhara,va-vaktra or vyaaghra,sa-srava)

    sana,svi,vis ca,paa ka,sa ra,ma,nara

    It is sara(sarabha,nripa)-aasana – cakra(Sakra,raksha,Daksha), an amulet to protect the

    throne.Saraasana is also braajana(shining) of the Sun.Another reading is

    sara – aasvi (sarasvatii) – raksha indicating the dawn.Durga’s killing of mahisha(matsa) is

    a later version of this story and is celebrated in Virgo hence. Reading the script from right

    to left we have

    sara(dra),nri,nara|ka,va ,ma|ka ,sa,pa,| stop(raaja)| na,ma,sa,ta,raja| ka(stop)|ra,na,nara,da

    It is rakta gaatra(Rudra) or kaasara(gaatra) raksha(an amulet) or Daksha raaja(yaaga)

    savana(sravana) or Drona raaja saravana(sravana,pranaama,pranava).

    It can also be read as maghavaa(Indra)-Visvakarmaan(Visvaanara-the Sun) or

    maghava sam-kara nama !

    24 .

    Fig 10.20 page 192.Shows painted and incised circles,fish and leaf motifs

    on pottery from 3200-2600 BC.The circle is a cakra or bhadra,fish and leaves are patra

    and is depicted on pottery to make savitri.

    25.
    Fig 10.22.page 194. A live fish is shown with the netra(eye )forming the part of an

    inscription ( . The netra(Indra,mitra) is the Savitri(Gaayatri),bhaarata

    Or paartha and the netra(=marta=matsa= fish )represents it .The inscription also indicates

    it as rava(deva;ravi-devi)-bhaanu .

    bhadra,pra,na,ca ( va , e,a a ,ca sa,ra,ri =netra,savitri,asru

    It can be read as prabhaa(va)-kara(sara=raaja,kara,dhara)

    This is also borne by the inscription H-9 in Fig 10.24 page 195

    where the fish(matsa,netra) is accompanied by the numeral 7

    as shown below to indicate the fish as Savitri by sapta(sabda).

    -> sa,ca,ma,na,paa = na, va ,ca,ha ,paada,catura + tra,tri,srii,sa =

    netra,savitri ,saptaasva,Drupada avasa etc.

    This is so because fish(dvaadasa) = catura x traya

    In other words caturasra(square = 4) of four sides itself is converted

    into the dvaadasa(12) signs and the sapta(7) vaasara(svara)s based on the same principle

    and the same base . The fish is asva,sabda,svara,sapta ,dvaadasa,bhaa etc.Water being ma

    and fish being bhaa it can also read bhaama.

    26.

    Fig.12.1 page212.DK1909 .The priest king.

    The king has a head band with a forehead bhadra(circle) to indicate that he is a bhadra

    (king,bhartaa-ruler cf.sarpa of the Egyptian priest kingscf.note the tav of a Jew,cross of a

    Christian,naama of a Vaishnavite, bindu of a Hindu etc.) and probably his hair was
    partially shaved in the bhara-dvija bhadra style.He has a beard(bhadra =netra) to show

    that he is a netri. He has an angavastra (shawl) to show that he is agna – bhadra. The

    angavastra is marked with tripatra(trefoils = cross= netra) to show that he is srii(raaja)

    bhadra(king) , saavitra (a Braahmana) ,a netri and a Drupada(king) .Red paste was

    applied to the tripatras to indicate raksha and raaja by rakta.

    bhadra = pa(leaf)- tra(three) = pa(rule)- dhara(bearer)=bha(star)-dhara

    = = *

    The trefoil is the star itself.Tripatra is Drupada (prabhaata,a king) also.

    27.

    Fig.12.2 page 213. A bull statuette from Uruk c.3000BC with trefoils

    on the body to show bhadra(bharata) by patra .

    28.

    Fig 12.7 page215.A moulded terracotta amulet M-1429 in the form of a triangular prism.

    On one side is a potra(a ship =paatra = savitri).On the other side is the

    fish eating alligator =Savitri. On the third side is this inscription

    na -sa- bhraa(praa,pre) - sa -paa- tra - vru(pu)

    Vritras- vaaja(bhaasa,bhaata)- bhraajana(prathama,praasana,preshana)

    ca(cakra=netra)-va(vaara),vru tri,tra (netra) a,ca,na.paa ka,sa

    a,ca,na(netra),ra,pra a,ca,na(netra),ra,pra ka,sa


    na,ma,sa,ra,sara(patri =Savitri)

    It is Savitri – cakra - raksha ;savitri –agna-agna;Savitri-nagna-agna;

    Savitri –naga-netra – sama etc. Savitri is the Sun who like the

    netra(nii = traana) protects(traana) the people.Alternatively it can also read saavitra -

    adhvara(atharva) –prathama = for yaagas a Brahmin is the most important or

    saavitra –agnaa-sama = a Brahmin is equal to fire.

    30.

    Fig.12.8 page 218 DK4480 .A linga stand made from finely polished red stone with

    trefoil inlays. Red is rakta ,raksha , raaja and Sakra.L-inga is

    la(Indra,Ra)-inga(anka,anga,agni). Hence it is the symbol of Indra.

    Look at the linga symbol. It is the cenkol(royal sceptre) which in fact is a phallic

    symbol.It is a bhadra(a pestle) and hence is represented by the patra

    (trefoil).

    = pa + sa ▬ + ra = patra(leaf=trefoil), bhadra(king,bull), bharata(fire)

    31.

    Fig12.9 page 219 M-489B .A moulded tablet depicting a human couple in sexual

    intercourse ,two goats eating leaves from a tree, a three headed(trisiirsha) animal,a bird

    etc.

    Udaya is u-saya . Vijaya is vi-saya. Yaja is saya.Surata is svarga ,putra and Rudra.Rati is

    ruci, srii and taru.Hence the aja(usha) eat the patra(pa-rata=rati) of the taru(rati) or pa-

    tri(rati) It is Adam and eve eating the fruit of the forbidden tree(paadapa= paapa,vaapa

    -da) to commit the original sin(sin of origin).A bird( pa-tri) shows rati.Trisiirsha is Siva

    or rati-surata,suutra and in disguise is Gaayatri from trikaaya .


    Fig 12.10,12.11 and 12.12 on page 219 portraying rati(sex) indicate ruci(light) ,srii(the

    Sun,light,fire) and udaya.

    32.

    Fig.13.3 page 227 .H-182.A tablet with an inscription is followed by a

    drummer and a tiger . On the reverse this inscription is preceded by a chain of swastikas.

    sa,ka ra,va paa ma,sa(da) va

    =nabhasa(naarada) vamsa(vandana)

    ka,stop vi,pa,a na,ca,sa,pa ru(ra=man,u=triangle from hand and

    drum=rava) ,naada, raaja,da(drum),rada,dara,dma

    va (vyaaghra,Varuna,pasu) =padmanaabha –sa(jaya)

    From right to left(since aja on left) we have Va – ru - na ; Varunaavi(Mahaalakshmi) .

    From left to right we have ka-a- na – dara – va = gandharva(a celestial musician)

    = gaana,kaala,kaama,naaga,naaka,bhaarata ,panca,vamsa etc.

    = = sa ▬ + ra │ + pa = pa- ra-sa(srii,raaja ,kara=5) +panca =

    bhaarata vamsa
    =va, sa

    sara(5)-va – na =saravana,sravana,pranava,pranaama(cf.panca-na=vandana,bandhana)

    ga(five)-na(fire) + sara + va = gaanasrava(hearing music)= Gandharva. Hence it is

    Gandharva gaanasrava or hearing a celestial musician or obeisance to a

    Gandharva(Gaandhaara).Gaanasrava is also kaamasara(arrow of love) and Gandharva

    was considered a seducer of virgins.Srava is sarabha(prabha) and nripa and hence we

    have Gandharva

    gaana(naaka) nripa(king) ie. Gandharava -king of music and heaven.

    being sa-ra-paada -> prabhaata,bhaarata,Drupada and panca being vand it also

    indicates Drupada Vandana(obeisance to fire-the king!) or bandhana as indicated

    in the Mahaabhaarata.

    32.

    Fig 13.6 page 228 H-147 Signs of fireplace and intersecting circles.

    sa,vi,ka paa,vi sa,vi,srii,tra->

    Hence = ra , vi(va) = ▼ =ya,i ,ravi,netra(= na-tra), traya,tri,srii

    ,bharata(=praata=cross and the three nails),inverted ▲(u)

    This is so from ra,na + ●● - vi( va),u,ya,nayana(yama) =rava(ravi),ru,raya

    =paa,kaa ra, =sa,aja ,ka -> bhaarata,.bhaarga

    Hence we have ravi(viira,pra)-bhaasa(kaasa)

    =vibhaasa,prakaasa,vrishabhaa,saavitri,gaayatri etc.
    33.

    Fig.13.14 page 235.DK13013.A Harappan male deity with horns of a bull

    and goat’s beard(netra).

    Agna is aga(aja)-na(sa=like). Aja –eka-paad is aja(agna)-eva(sa=like)-bhadra (a

    bull,king,bharata,praata ) . This is the Unicorn in another form.

    The rising Sun have weak rays(bhadra=horn) which are depicted by the short horns or a

    single large horn. Chaagamukha is Kaarttikeya and Daksha.

    Chaagaratha(chaagavaahana) is agni.Chaagala is Aatreya .In Figure 13.18

    page 239 H-178B is shown which portrays a ram faced deity(aja=usha) with long arms

    (solar rays)with cross bangles (raksha = prakaasa) standing in a fig tree(vriksha =

    prakaasa).

    34.

    Fig.13.16 page 236 Three branched Fig tree on paatra 2600-1400BC.

    This is patra portraying paatra to worshipping bharata(savitri) and make things

    bhadra(happy) . Tripatra is sriibhadra.It can also indicate srii (burnt)

    paatra(vessel). This is the equivalent of the trefoil on the cloak of the Harappan

    bhadra.(priest king).

    35.

    Fig 14.3 page 243. M-414. Fig tree+ fish sequence.

    The inscription is tree +

    tree=dru(srii,tri),patri(pa,va) u,ru, kra a,paa,ca

    Hence we have sakrataru,sakrapaadapa, subha,savitri,savana . A patri(tree)


    has patras(leaves). A drava(fish,dru=tree) has patras(fins). A vadana( = vana –sa =tree

    like) has patras (sravas=ears).Hence the three are combined to form

    bhaargava,arka,bhaarata,Dhruva etc.

    36.

    Fig.14.5 page 244 H-179 . Anthropomorphic deity within a Fig tree with stars on either

    side of the tree in its horn like loops.The deity is in the vriksha ( prakaasa) always. The

    star is placed in the loop to show Sakra(cakra) paadapa(vasu) and the taara in the ne-

    tra(root).

    37.

    Fig.14.7 page 247 M-308 .The contest motif .A nude hero with six locks

    of hair tames two tigers.The nagna(naked = naga - na) is agna.Ja-ta is shat.

    Hence there are six locks for the hair. Ja is light and ta is a tail.Jata is kara. The hair is

    also sha(shat=jata) and sha is jha(Indra) as in jhasha.Mahisha(asva,matsa,marta)medha

    is medha of simha(Leo=deo=rava=ravi=deva,devi=Durga=suurya) and the asva(water

    buffalo) is defeated by the simha(= sunrise from matsa). Sha is also a man. A

    kotiira(kiriita=giri-da=hill) hair represents kotira(indra).Prakaasa being vriksha deities

    were portrayed inside trees.Similarly prakaasa being mriga – aasa Rudra was portrayed as

    sarabhaasana in M-304 sitting on a mriga and surrounded by pasus.Here also the deity is

    in between two haris(tigers). Sarabha is a bhadra. A fence or ladder is also a bhadra(pa-

    tra). Now compare the inscription in M-304 with the inscription tin this seal.

    M-304

    nara - pa - pa - vis - paa - gha - ma-

    visvaanara - maghavaa
    ………………….M-308

    paada(bhadra) - ra – vi - paa – nu ->prabhaata(viirabhadra) bhaanu

    A carani (a man) is a sreni(ladder). Hence the first symbols agree.

    The second is the hasta or karabha which is sarabha itself. The third

    is the vadana which is a and the pa symbol is also a(two feet). The head is a

    vi(bird) and the is also a vi. Next script is the sana,sam and =

    (bhaanu) ->(is also

    sa,paa na ,nu ->bhaanu)( is na=netra,a=astra,asva,vi=bird,sara = arrow,nu-

    weapon,praise etc.).

    Hence this inscription also reads sarabhaasana,prabhaasana,prabhashana,

    bhraajana,nripaasana,bhadraasana etc.

    A tiger is va and man is sha. Hence we have va + sha + va = vasava.

    A hari(tiger) is a harika(thief). Hence vasava(=Messiah =Jesus) was crucified between

    two robbers.

    Udaya is yuddha and hence the combat with hari(suura) was arranged to show hari(suura-

    suurya) yodhana.Suura is dhurya(bull,horse cf. purusha bhadra,purusha vyaaghra,purusha

    simha etc.). Hence the bull,tiger or lion

    fights portray suuryodaya which is also Duryodana. The sarabhaasana

    inscription may be read in other ways also.


    sara sa va da ii (srii = sreni),paada,bhaasa = Sarasvatii

    bhadra(srii) kara vi,i sa asva,nu = srii haridasva(bhaanu),bhadrakara

    Vishnu,Bhadra Hari Vishnu,srii Haritaasva etc.However the left to right reading is the

    normal one as is equivalent to and the ladder ( =a,≡ sa = aja) to . This

    is also evident from the reduced letter spacing

    towards the right. this sreni(ladder) brings up tarani(the Sun) in aja(usha).

    38.

    Fig14.16 page 250 M-1181.Anthropomorphic deity with a buffalo horn and Fig branch

    crown having lot of bangles on the arms sit on his toes on a seat of hoofed legs.The

    hoofed leg seat is a bhdraasana(throne). Bhadra the king

    is made bhadra a bull. The sitting on toes is ardhodaya(arka –udaya).The bangled hands

    are bhadrakara(auspicious,hands of a king) made patrakara(leaf arm) and

    rakshaakara(sakrakara). Patra +patra = ii + sa(sariira) = iisa(god,lord,raaja ). Horn is

    bhadra and horn of a bhadra(king) has to be a bhadra horn with a patra(of Fig) in

    it.Bhadra kotiira is kotira(Indra).


    \

    sa,ka-r –a- pr-paa-sa(prabhaata,prabhaa-kara or prabhaata arka,Sakra)

    The inscription to be read from left to right towards the aja as pa,sa,ka –ra,da- i,a –nr,pr-

    a,pa – aja(stop,ka)=bhadra(srii,hari,tra) – nripa(praata,tra,sri) which means happiness to

    the king or Good mornig! .But since the aja is on the right it can indicate ka(ga)and from

    right to left it is gaatra(gaayatri)-bhadra(raksha) as the cross(bhaga) is ya(tra,srii)

    and the hoe is pa ( parasu=patra=bhadra cf.English P=leaf,axe)

    39.

    Fig 14.20 page 252 A late akkadian cylinder seal depicting the fight between

    lion and water buffalo with the inscription: “Naram –Sin of Akkad :Ukin-Ulmash his

    son”. Naram sin is narasimha,narabhadra.Matsa is marta , mahisha and simha.Ukin –

    Ulmash is agni unmisha(eye opening,unmaada-Siva). The eye is the

    fish(matsa=netra=bhadra=simha) .It is north east.

    It is iisaana (iisa – Siva,usha;ana-breath,nose,birth). Here the first rays of daylight

    appears as the Asvins(Ukin).

    40.

    Fig 14.25 page 253. K-65 . Two warriors spear each other holding a virgin.Compare this

    with the cross arrows of solar rays forming a star to denote the Sumerian script of
    dingir- god- and the Akkadian dingir script which is two arrows crossing each other and

    the cross –dingir- of the Christ and the spear that pierced his chest.

    On either side of them are half woman-half tiger beings and tree branches are shown. At

    the extreme right is the vaasa or raksha figure and at the extreme left is the (dvi,su,vi)

    symbol. Just before the fighting scene is an inscription

    (tra,srii)with a (pa,va,ta) branch figure under it.

    Suunari (pulari=dawn,the Sun) is hari(tiger) and nari(woman).Later this became

    murali(flute) for Krishna. Kalya (dawn) is kanya.Kalyaana(auspiciousness) is kanyaa-

    na(fight) = fight for a virgin.

    This is the same as dhuurya yodhana (bull fight=Duryodhana=suuryodaya) where at the

    end of the fight the winner was presented with a bhadraa (a virgin) as the winner’s prize.

    This is a way of worshipping sunrise.In the Mahaabhaarata this scene is portrayed as the

    fight of Bhiima with Duryodhana.The prize the Sun wins is a kanya(kalya).Vriksha is

    prakaasa and so is a saakha (branch=hasta) which is kaasa(light). The vaasa( raksha)

    symbol at the right is bhaasa(light) and bhaata(dawn).Raksha is prakaasa.The

    Bharadvaaja symbol is prabhaata and prakaasa and subhadra. The inscription is

    (u,ii,tri,pra,bhadra) sa(saakha,usra,bhadra) = usha,iisa,praata,srii usra,


    srii bhadra,subhadra . Compare this inscription with the similar inscription in K-50 (Fig

    14.26 page 254) accompanying a single hari-nari figure.Combining the

    left vi middle tri and the right sa which are placed in the same

    straight line we get Savitri. In K-50 the inscription is tri (vra) savi (paada)=

    Savitri=prabhaata.

    41.

    Fig.14.35 page 260 M-1186. A seal of human sacrifice.The horned deity is paced in a

    tree(vriksha) to show prakaasa and vrishaa(Indra). The horn indicates

    Vrishabha(Indra,prabhaata=praata=bhadra=bull,king).Horn(u) + man(sha) = usha.An

    aja(mesha,medhya=medha=sacrifice) is shown close by to indicate usha sacrifice.Refer

    the sacrifice of Isaac by his father Abraham in Genesis :22 where on the sacrificial altar

    Isaac(Visaakhacf.chaagamukha) was replaced by an aja(Aries,usha).

    The bharata(fire,praata) symbol = is placed close to the foot

    of the deity along with the head(bhadra) of the sacrificial victim and the praying chief

    priest. At the bottom of the sacrificial scene is seven women

    to show the seven flames of the fire and savitri.These ladies are portrayed by Mark :

    15.40 thus: “ some women were watching from a distance. Among them were

    Mary(hari=nari)Magdalene,Mary(hari=nari) the mother of James…..”.Yosha is usha.


    Hari(Indra,agni,ray cf.kara=ray) is nari(lady).Hari is haya(asva,seven) . Hence there are

    seven women present in the scene.

    The medha(sacrifice) scene is placed above the haya(hari-women) to show hari(haya)

    medha(sacrifice) by medhaa( power,superiority).In the asvamedha the queen priestess

    was to emulate sexual relations with the head severed body of the victim to give him

    svarga(heaven) by surata (sex). Nari haya also indicate nari saya. Compare this with

    Fig 14.32 page 256 (Mackay 1943:pl.51:13) where a bull about to have

    intercourse with a priestess lying on the ground is portrayed. It is

    followed by the inscription

    \ (ra,ri) (ca,pa,na,ka) (vi,va,a,ya,na) (sa,sacra,kara,va,pa)

    (sa) (sa) (bhadraa,sa->three sa->satra) -> bhadraa-sas-

    savitra(asva-medha-yaaga) or srii-cakra(sacra,raksha)-bhadra(auspicious,king) or king

    sasa sakra vipra(a Brahmin priest king) or pavitra(savitra) satra..

    ri ha,na na, ya ma ka ka,a,stop patra (bhadra=sravayya = )

    = bhartaa(praatar) gamana nari(hari=Indra,the Sun,a horse),bhadra (bull=king=varsha)

    gamana nari (asvamedha) . Varshaagamana hari is portrayed as the bull(Daksha) going

    into the woman(dawn).

    The Egyptians sacrificed their king in the Sed festival and ate him
    as the divine food.The Christians eat the body of the Christ and eat it.

    The Vedic people had its equivalent in the asvamedha(medha=juice of meat,

    asva=avasa=king,food,salvation,the Sun).

    Now let us look at the inscription in this seal.

    (salabha=prabhaa=srii=srava =sravaapya=sravayya= fit for

    sacrifice). Note the yajnavriksha(Fig tree) in which the agna god is seated.as the victim

    tied to the yuupa. Yajnavriksha is agnaprakaasa(pravesa). It is also Sakra(dahra)

    karma(karma,srava=ear,sacrifice)

    (aja nara netra = srii nara=srii Raama = srii naama)

    = pa ra ▬ sa is bhadra(king,bull,happiness,auspiciousness), bharata(fire) and

    praata(dawn),srava(ear,sacrifice,food,varsha = year) .

    salabha=savitri(cf.fish eating alligator=ca-

    ghaza=cakaasa,patri),sava(sacrifice) patra(writing), bhadra(bull,king,happiness), prabhaa,

    srii(the Sun,fire),nripa(king), giri(hill),ciri(to kill),jiri(to hurt) ,drii(to break),bhaj(to

    divide), luu( to cut divide)


    ci,ti,ni,netra,netri,srii,bhakshana(food in the mouth),bhadra(king,bull)

    ka(head),sa(bird,head,god), aja(ram,Aries),asva(sacrificial horse),usha,

    avasa(king,food,the Sun),agna(fire)

    nri(king),nara(man,horse),sara(arrow,water),mri(death),loma(tail),

    lama(lamassu),nama(obeisance),naama(name),sona(blood),soma(madhu,medha,the

    moon)

    The inscription is nri-ha-ti –sa-va (suuya)=narishthaa = sacrifice of the king

    which means sacrifice of the yajamaanapasu(Aitareya:7.1.5).It can

    also be read as raama(nri,nara)-aja(stop)- bhadra(king,srii,raaja,iisa,usha)- sreya

    (moksha) or

    praata( )-abhisrii(union,shining) which in short is ra(ravi)-aja(usha)-suuya(udaya).

    can be patra (= note) also.Asvamedha is avasa(king,food)- medha.

    From the other implications of the scripts we can see why it is called

    Sed(bull’s tail) sacrifice.

    La(Indra=ina- srii,tara = fire = ra) is ina(yama=the Sun), an(Sumerian supreme

    god),El(il) the Akkadian( Semitic ) god and Ra the Egyptian

    supreme god. Easter(cf.Assyrian and Babylonian Ishtar and Semitic Astarte

    who are counterparts to Sumerian Inanna ) is the sacrifice to Indra(Israel) on his return to

    the vernal equinox.Haayana(year,fire) is haya(horse,sapta=apta=abda),


    havana(homa=soma) and sayana(yajana,samaya). Bharadvaaja(purohita=guru-iisa) is the

    priestking who was sacrificed.

    The Hindus of the north stopped worshipping the vedic Indra and substituted him with

    Vishnu,Krishna,Rama,Siva etc. under the influence of the migrating or conquering

    Akkadians,Sumerians, Greeks,Muslims etc. whose influence introduced significant

    changes in the beliefs ,culture and rituals of the people though the basic cultural frame

    work is continued as such .

    The inscription in M-1186 forms the basis for the last words of the Christ who was

    crucified on a mount(giri=udayagiri=udaya srii). The words of the Christ “Eloi Eloi,

    lama sabachthani” can be seen in

    lu(bhaj-todivide,shine;dri – to divide;-kara-hand=bhaaskra) - lu = divide =

    Eloi ,Eloi =Iesus(la=vasu) =srava(food,sacrifice,varsha)-aapaa(drink,swallow,become

    satisfied) = sravaapya

    = ma,sha,na=nara(king,asva,avasa) =raama= lama(lamassu) =Rex=bhadra

    sa (god) = sa =aja=jaya=usha=Judaeorum

    paartha(king=Rex)=varsha(year)= bhakshana (food) = bachthani =

    Nazarenus(netra)=srii=abhi(avi)

    The sacrifice of Christ is the avasa(asva) medha and naaraasana (eating man) is further

    proved by the inscription wrote by Pilate and placed on the cross : INRI .

    One of the applications of the seals was to give instructions on sacrificial


    rites is confirmed by thes seals.

    A glance of the Raajasuuya in the Aitareya Brahmana will immediately

    indicate that the lama is Raama(nara,nri,mahisha).The inscription

    is “bhadraadabhisreya” and “aaya vaava loko bhadrastasmaadasaaveva loka: sreyaana

    svargameva tallokam raajamaanam gamayati” which means

    this world(medini) is the mahisha(bhadra).The heavens are nobler.

    I am hence sending the king to the heavens by this yaaga.Svarga(surata) was ensured by

    saya(sava=udaya=u-saya=prasava=para-sava;sava=sacrifice) of the queen with the

    raama(to emulate the u-saya act of Daksha which made his head –the rising Sun-reach the

    heavens.

    The term sravaapya implies abhisrii(union), abhisraava(hearing), sreya(moksha)

    etc.Bhadra-aja-avi is asva-mesha or asvamedha itself.

    The inscription can be read as par-ja-na-ya(Indra),varsha-savana,varsha-ma-kha-

    va(auspiciousness,obeisance,varuna) etc.

    CONCLUSION

    From the foregoing pages we can arrive at the following conclusions:

    1. Bhaarata has an unbroken cultural history from Mehrgarh till today. The people are

    by and large one and the same. Archaeological studies confirm this.

    2. The Indus-Sarasvati culture is the Bharata culture. It belonged to the vedic people.

    3. The language is vedic Bharata.The scripts have Bharata(vedic) gotra indications.

    4. The argument of some indologists that the language is proto-Dravidian is not true.
    5. The argument of some indologists that the Harappans did not use a writing system

    is not true. In fact it is from their alphabets that the Egyptian and Semitic alphabets

    were developed.

    6. The Aryans led a nomadic life and did not have written works of literature is not

    true. The Aryans were the Bharats. Their written compositions constitute the vedic

    works.

    7. The Bharats worshipped the Sun-god. The Sumerians and Egyptians did the same.

    The Hindus and Semitic religions continue this practice.

    8. Judaism and Christianity developed out of the religion of the Bharats.

    Proto Chritianity can be seen in the vedic religion. The Bible was conceived in

    Bharata and born in other languages,probably starting with Akkadian .

    9. There was close cultural and trade contacts or relations between the ancient

    Bharata, Sumerian , Akkadian and Egyptian civilizations.Their creators were

    greatly influenced by the Bharats.

    The end.

    A MASTERKEY TO WRITING IN THE INDUS

    SCRIPT
    VIJAYABHAARATI

    For over a century scholars have debated over the writing in the

    Indus script. Who were the people and what they wrote in the seals?

    Though archaeology established the continuity in the Indian

    culture and civilization, because no horse was found there, scholars

    argued it is Dravidian .Some scholars concluded there is no writing at

    all ! Finally here is the unequivocal truth . The mistaken asva(horse) is

    located correctly . The relation of the culture to the Sumerian,

    Akkadian, Egyptian and Semitic cultures is put in a new

    perspective. The existence of Dravidian Brahui in the Indus

    valley is also explained satisfactorily in relation to proper history.

    And the Indus Valley Civilization is established as the

    Bharata civilization.

    A must-read for anybody interested in the proper history of India.

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