Types of Refrigeration Compressors: OCT. 2006 D.Ravindra
Types of Refrigeration Compressors: OCT. 2006 D.Ravindra
Types of Refrigeration Compressors: OCT. 2006 D.Ravindra
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT : RECIPROCATING ( 1/40 TO 150 TR) : OPEN, HERMETIC & SEMI-HERMETIC. ROTARY ( 1/40 TO 10 TR) : OPEN & HERMETIC. SCROLL ( 1 TO 30 TR) : HERMETIC ONLY. SCREW ( 20 TO 800 TR) : OPEN, HERMETIC & SEMIHERMETIC. ROTODYNAMIC : CENTRIFUGAL (150 TO 10,000 TR) : OPEN & SEMIHERMETIC. ALL TYPES MAY BE AIR-COOLED, WATER-COOLED & / OR REFRIGERANT GAS COOLED FOR STATIONERY, TRANSPORT OR MARINE APPLICATION.
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
TYPES OF COMPRS..Contd.
OPEN TYPE :
COMPR. SHAFT EXTENDS THRU A MECHANICAL SHAFT SEAL & IS DRIVEN BY AN EXTERNAL PRIME MOVER. AMMONIA COMPR. IS ONLY OF OPEN TYPE. (WHY?)
HERMETIC :
COMPR. & DRIVE MOTOR ARE CONTAINED WITHIN THE SAME ENCLOSURE OR SHELL. THE MOTOR ROTOR IS MOUNTED DIRECTLY ON THE CRANKSHAFT . MOTOR WDGS. IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH REFRIGERANT.
2-STAGE COMPRESSORS :
TO ACHIEVE HIGHER COMPRESSION RATIO (FOR EXTRA LOW TEMP. APPLICATION)
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
LIQUID SUBCOOLING :
CAPACITY INCREASES BY 0.9% PER DEGREE C
SUCTION SUPERHEAT :
CAPACITY INCREASES BY 0.9% PER 4o C.
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
REMEDIES
USE MINIMUM REFRIGERANT CHARGE SUCTION ACCUMULATOR CRANKCASE HEATER PUMPDOWN CYCLE CONTROL SUCTION SUPERHEAT ADEQUATE COMPRESSOR COOLING.
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
COMPRESSOR PROTECTION
INHERENT / INBUILT :
HERMETIC MOTOR EXTERNAL THERMAL-CUM-OVERCURRENT PROTECTION. INTERNAL PROTECTION (TEMPERATURE-CURRENT OR ONLY TEMPERATURE SENSING) ELECTRONIC PROTECTION WITH INTERNAL THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS. INTERNAL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE. CRANKCASE HEATER. SUCTION FILTER / STRAINER. CHECK VALVE AT DISCHARGE PORT (IN MANEUROP SCROLL & ALL SCREW COMPRESSORS) REVERSE ROTATION PROTECTION (IN ALL SCREW & SOME SCROLL COMPRESSORS).
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
HERMETIC MOTORS
COMPRISE ONLY A WOUND STATOR & DIE-CAST ROTOR. WINDINGS FORCE-COOLED BY COLD REFRIGERANT GAS. HENCE RELATIVELY HIGHER ELECTRICAL LOADING COMPARED TO STANDARD AIR-COOLED MOTORS. ACTIVE MATERIAL ONLY ABOUT 60% OF STD. MOTORS. HIGH BREAKDOWN TORQUE. MATERIALS COMPATIBILITY WITH REFRIGERANT. TYPES: SINGLE PHASE: RSIR, CSIR, PSC, CSR. THREE PHASE : DOL, STAR-DELTA, PART WINDING. PROTECTION: EXTL. / INTL., CURRENT / TEMP. SENSING.
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
WORKHORSE OF AC& R : 1/40 TR TO 200 TR. OPEN, SEMI-HERMETIC OR HERMETIC. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY & CAPACITY REDUCE WITH : INCREASE IN DISCHARGE PRESSURE. DECREASE IN SUCTION PRESSURE. INCREASE IN COMPRESSION RATIO. SINGLE OR 2-STAGE. CAPACITY CONTROL BY : COMPRESSOR CYCLING CYLINDER UNLOADING.
OCT. 2006
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OCT. 2006
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OCT. 2006
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OCT. 2006
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SCROLL COMPRESSORS.
OCT. 2006
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OCT. 2006
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OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
SCROLL COMPRESSORS.
Scroll
High pressure gas Fixed Scroll
Valve plate
Piston
Low pressure gas High pressure gas
Orbiting scroll
2 parts
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
15 parts (2 cylinders)
SCROLL COMPRESSORS.
INVOLUTE INVOLUTE POCKET POCKET TRAPS BEGINS TO REDUCE SUCTION GAS IN SIZE
AND REDUCE
AND REDUCE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
SCROLL COMPRESSORS.
COMPRESSION OCCURS IN ALL INVOLUTE POCKETS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
FORCES OF EQUAL PROPORTIONS IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS CANCEL ONE ANOTHER. SMOOTH AND CONTINUOUS.
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
SCROLL COMPRESSORS.
SOME PRECAUTIONS IN APPLICATION : :
LIBERAL SHOCK LOOPS MUST BE PROVIDED FOR SUCTION & DISCHARGE LINES. IN THE EVENT OF REVERSE ROTATION, THERE IS LOSS OF PUMPING, ACCOMPANIED BY EXCESSIVE, UNPLEASANT NOISE. POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE TO SCROLLS IN REVERSE ROTATION (IN SOME MAKES OF COMPRESSORS). SHUT-OFF SOUND. REMOVE REFRIGERANT FROM BOTH LOW & HIGH SIDES BEFORE UNBRAZING THE SYSTEM. CARE SHOULD BE EXERCISED WHILE UNBRAZING SYSTEM COMPONENTS, TO AVOID SPILLAGE OF LUBRICANT AND POSSIBILITY OF FIRE.
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
FEATURES : :
STEPLESS CAPACITY VARIATION FROM 10 TO 100%. HIGH EER EVEN AT PARTIAL LOADS. NO OIL RETURN PROBLEMS EVEN AT LOW LOADS. NO EMC PROBLEMS.
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
Discharge Connection
Suction Connection
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
Fixed Scroll
PWM Signal
Orbiting Scroll
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
Scroll Separates By 1 MM
100% Capacity
0% Capacity
0% 2 s 8 s 5 s
0% 5 s
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
ROTARY COMPRESSORS
USED IN RAC / REFRIGERATORS / TRANSPORT AC & R.
FEATURES :
COMPACT SIZE & LESS WEIGHT A FEW MOVING PARTS; HENCE RELIABLE T QUIET OPERATION BUILT-IN ACCUMULATOR PROTECTS AGAINST LIQUID SLUGGING NO NEED FOR CRANKCASE HEATER HIGH VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY LOW STARTING TORQUE REQUIREMENT GOOD EER.
PLICATIONS : TYPES :
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA
ROTARY COMPRESSORS
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
ROTARY COMPRESSOR
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
Housing Motor Rotor Motor Stator Crank Shaft Upper Bearing Shaft Pin Roller By Pass-pipe
Suction Tube
Cylinder
Capacity Control
OCT. 2006
D.RAVINDRA
OCT. 2006
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OCT. 2006
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COMPRESSOR TUBING
SUCTION & DISCHARGE TUBING SHOULD BE FLEXIBLE WITH LIBERAL SHOCK LOOPS, PARTICULARLY FOR SCROLL & ROTARY COMPRS. THESE TUBINGS SHOULD NOT HAVE RESONANT FREQUENCY NEAR THE DOMINANT FREQUENCY OF THE COMPRESSOR. TUBE RESONANCES SHOULD BE AT LEAST +/-5 Hz FROM COMPR. VIBRATION FREQUENCY. DOMINANT COMPR. FREQUENCIES @ 50 Hz : 48 & 97.5 Hz : IMBALANCE (AVOID 43 TO 53 Hz AND 92 TO 105 Hz) 100 Hz : MOTOR TORQUE
OCT. 2006 D.RAVINDRA