PRELIMINARY TITLES

Chapter 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Art.1. Name of Decree, This decree shall be
known as the Labor Code of the Philippines
Art.. Date of !"ecti#it$, This Code shall take
e"ect sis% &'( months after its prom)l*ation.
Q: What is labor la a!" hat "oes it ai# to
a$hie%e& Labor las ha%e h'#a! a!" e$o!o#i$
e!"s( The) are passe" to a""ress so$ial
i!e*'ities+ #i!i#i,e so$ial -ri$tio!s a!" 'pli-t the
$o##o! #a!( To i#pro%e so$ial $o!"itio!s(
Labor las are so$ial le.islatio! b't !ot all so$ial
le.islatio!s are labor las( Its #ai! ai# is to
a$hie%e SOCIAL /0STICE(
So$ial 1'sti$e 2 #ea!s the pro#otio! o- the
el-are o- the people+ the a"optio! o- the
Go%er!#e!t o- #eas'res $al$'late" to i!s're
e$o!o#i$ stabilit) thro'.h the #ai!te!a!$e o-
proper so$ial 3 e$o!o#i$ e*'ilibri'#(
Constitutional mandates pertaining to labor
and labor-management relations
Declaration of State and Policies
Section 9. The State shall pro#ote a
1'st a!" ")!a#i$ so$ial or"er that ill e!s're
the prosperit) a!" i!"epe!"e!$e o- the !atio!
a!" -ree the people -ro# po%ert) thro'.h
poli$ies that pro%i"e a"e*'ate so$ial ser%i$es+
pro#ote -'ll e#plo)#e!t+ a risi!. sta!"ar" o-
li%i!.+ a!" a! i#pro%e" *'alit) o- li-e -or all(
Section 10. The State shall pro#ote
so$ial 1'sti$e i! all phases o- !atio!al
"e%elop#e!t( Section 11. The State %al'es
the "i.!it) o- e%er) h'#a! perso! a!"
.'ara!tees -'ll respe$t -or h'#a! ri.hts(
Section 13. The State re$o.!i,es the
%ital role o- the )o'th i! !atio!4b'il"i!. a!"
shall pro#ote a!" prote$t their ph)si$al+
#oral+ spirit'al+ i!telle$t'al+ a!" so$ial ell4
bei!.( It shall i!$'l$ate i! the )o'th patriotis#
a!" !atio!alis#+ a!" e!$o'ra.e their
i!%ol%e#e!t i! p'bli$ a!" $i%i$ a5airs(
Section 14. The State re$o.!i,es the
role o- o#e! i! !atio!4b'il"i!.+ a!" shall
e!s're the -'!"a#e!tal e*'alit) be-ore the
la o- o#e! a!" #e!(
Section 18. The State a6r#s labor as
a pri#ar) so$ial e$o!o#i$ -or$e( It shall
prote$t the ri.hts o- or7ers a!" pro#ote
their el-are(
Section 20. The State re$o.!i,es the
i!"ispe!sable role o- the pri%ate se$tor+
e!$o'ra.es pri%ate e!terprise+ a!" pro%i"es
i!$e!ti%es to !ee"e" i!%est#e!ts(
rt. !!!. Sec 3. "uaranteed basic rig#ts of
$or%ers.
819 To or.a!i,e the#sel%es
8:9 To $o!"'$t $olle$ti%e bar.ai!i!. or
!e.otiatio! ith #a!a.e#e!t
8;9 To e!.a.e i! pea$e-'l $o!$erte"
a$ti%ities i!$l'"i!. to stri7e i!
a$$or"a!$e ith la
8<9 To e!1o) se$'rit) o- te!'re
8=9 To or7 '!"er h'#a!e $o!"itio!s
8>9 To re$ei%e a li%i!. a.e
8?9 To parti$ipate i! poli$) a!" "e$isio!4
#a7i!. pro$esses a5e$ti!. their ri.hts
a!" be!e@ts as #a) be pro%i"e" b) la
Other pro%isio!s hi$h prote$t the ri.hts or
el-are o- or7ers:
Art( AII Se$(
;
19 The ri.ht o- the people i!$l'"i!.
those e#plo)e" i! the p'bli$ a!"
pri%ate se$tors+ to -or# '!io!s+
asso$iatio!s or so$ieties -or
p'rposes !ot $o!trar) to la shall
!ot be abri".e"(
Art( AI4B :9 The ri.ht o- sel-4or.a!i,atio!
shall !ot be "e!ie" to .o%er!#e!t
e#plo)ees( No o6$er or e#plo)ee
o- the $i%il ser%i$e shall be
re#o%e" or s'spe!"e" eC$ept -or
$a'se pro%i"e" b) la( Te#porar)
e#plo)ees o- the Go%er!#e!t shall
be .i%e! s'$h prote$tio! as #a) be
pro%i"e" b) la(
Art( AIII Se$
<4>
;9 Re.'lar -ar# or7ers shall ha%e
the ri.ht to o! "ire$tl) or
$olle$ti%el) the la!"s the) till(
Other -ar#or7ers shall re$ei%e a
1'st share o- the -r'its o- the la!"
the) till( The State re$o.!i,es the
ri.ht o- -ar#or7ers+ alo!. ith
the .ro'ps+ to ta7e part i! the
pla!!i!.+ or.a!i,atio! a!"
#a!a.e#e!t o- the a.raria!
re-or# pro.ra#( La!"less
-ar#or7ers #a) be resettle" b)
the Go%er!#e!t i! its o!
a.ri$'lt'ral estates(
Art( AII Se$
D
The State+ shall b) la+ a!" -or the
$o##o! .oo"+ '!"erta7e i!
$ooperatio! ith the pri%ate se$tor+
a $o!ti!'i!. pro.ra# o- 'rba!la!"
re-or# a!" ho'si!. hi$h ill
#a7e a%ailable at the a5or"able
$ost "e$e!t ho'si!. a!" basi$
ser%i$es to '!"erpri%ile.e" a!"
ho#eless $iti,e!s i! 'rba! $e!ters
a!" resettle#e!t areas( It shall
also pro#ote a"e*'ate
e#plo)#e!t opport'!ities to s'$h
$iti,e!s(
Social Justice and Human Rights
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e 1
&.'.(
1( it is i!$orre$t to sa) that sel-4
or.a!i,atio! is li#ite" i! p'rpose to
CBA(
:(it is i!$orre$t to sa) that Ea#b'la!t+
i!ter#itte!t a!" iti!era!t or7ers+ sel-4
e#plo)e" people+ r'ral or7ers a!"
those itho't a!) "e@!ite e#plo)ers
Fho E#a) -or# labor or.a!i,atio!s -or
their #'t'al ai" a!" prote$tio!GH "o
!ot ha%e the ri.ht to sel-4or.a!i,atio!(
The) too are $o%ere" b) the i!1'!$tio!
that EIt shall be '!la-'l -or a!) perso!
to restrai!+ $oer$e+ "is$ri#i!ate a.ai!st
or '!"'l) i!ter-ere ith 8sai"9
e#plo)ees i! their eCer$ise o- the ri.ht
to sel-4or.a!i,atio!G( 8at least o!
$o!$erte" a$ti%ities9
444444444444
Sel-4or.a!i,atio! is a -'!"a#e!tal ri.ht
.'ara!tee" b) the Philippi!e Co!stit'tio! a!"
the Labor Co"e( E#plo)ees ha%e the ri.ht to
-or#+ 1oi! or assist labor or.a!i,atio!s -or the
p'rpose o- $olle$ti%e bar.ai!i!. or -or their
#'t'al ai" a!" prote$tio!( The $o!stit'tio!al
ri.ht to sel-4or.a!i,atio! is better '!"erstoo" i!
the $o!teCt o- ILO Co!%e!tio! No( I? 8Jree"o#
o- Asso$iatio! a!" Prote$tio! o- Ri.ht to
Or.a!i,e9+ to hi$h the Philippi!es is a
si.!ator)( F)S* +acult, )nion -. 'itonio. /r.,
G(R( No( 1;1:;=+ No%e#ber 1>+ 1DDD+ ;1I SCRA
1I=+ Pan*aniban, /(H Wor7ers a!" e#plo)ers+
itho't "isti!$tio! hatsoe%er+ shall ha%e the
ri.ht to establish a!"+ s'b1e$t o!l) to the r'les
o- the or.a!i,atio! $o!$er!e"+ to 1ob
or.a!i,atio!s o- their o! $hoosi!. itho't
pre%io's a'thori,atio!K FStandard C#artered
'an% 0mplo,ees )nion 1&)'02 -. Confesor.
G(R( No( 11<D?<+ /'!e 1>+ :LL<+ <;: SCRA ;LI+
;:L4;:1H a!" that or7ersM or.a!i,atio!s shall
ha%e the ri.ht to "ra 'p their $o!stit'tio! a!"
r'les a!" to ele$t their represe!tati%es i! -'ll
-ree"o#+ -ree -ro# a!) i!ter-ere!$e -ro# p'bli$
a'thorities( F)S* +acult, )nion -. 'itonio.
/r., s'pra
Labor
Section 3. The State shall
a5or" -'ll prote$tio! to labor+ lo$al a!"
o%erseas+ or.a!i,e" a!" '!or.a!i,e"+
a!" pro#ote -'ll e#plo)#e!t a!"
e*'alit) o- e#plo)#e!t opport'!ities
-or all(
It shall .'ara!tee the ri.hts o-
all or7ers to sel-4or.a!i,atio!+
$olle$ti%e bar.ai!i!. a!" !e.otiatio!s+
a!" pea$e-'l $o!$erte" a$ti%ities+
i!$l'"i!. the ri.ht to stri7e i!
a$$or"a!$e ith la( The) shall be
e!title" to se$'rit) o- te!'re+ h'#a!e
$o!"itio!s o- or7+ a!" a li%i!. a.e(
The) shall also parti$ipate i! poli$) a!"
"e$isio!4#a7i!. pro$esses a5e$ti!.
their ri.hts a!" be!e@ts as #a) be
pro%i"e" b) la(
The State shall pro#ote the
pri!$iple o- share" respo!sibilit)
betee! or7ers a!" e#plo)ers a!" the
pre-ere!tial 'se o- %ol'!tar) #o"es i!
settli!. "isp'tes+ i!$l'"i!. $o!$iliatio!+
a!" shall e!-or$e their #'t'al
$o#plia!$e thereith to -oster i!"'strial
pea$e(
The State shall re.'late the
relatio!s betee! or7ers a!"
e#plo)ers+ re$o.!i,i!. the ri.ht o- labor
to its 1'st share i! the -r'its o-
pro"'$tio! a!" the ri.ht o- e!terprises
to reaso!able ret'r!s to i!%est#e!ts+
a!" to eCpa!sio! a!" .roth(
Women
Section 14. The State shall
prote$t or7i!. o#e! b) pro%i"i!.
sa-e a!" health-'l or7i!. $o!"itio!s+
ta7i!. i!to a$$o'!t their #ater!al
-'!$tio!s+ a!" s'$h -a$ilities a!"
opport'!ities that ill e!ha!$e their
el-are a!" e!able the# to reali,e their
-'ll pote!tial i! the ser%i$e o- the !atio!(
2. Ci-il Code
Contract of Labor
rticle 1300. The relatio!s
betee! $apital a!" labor are !ot
#erel) $o!tra$t'al( The) are so
i#presse" ith p'bli$ i!terest that labor
$o!tra$ts #'st )iel" to the $o##o!
.oo"( There-ore+ s'$h $o!tra$ts are
s'b1e$t to the spe$ial las o! labor
'!io!s+ $olle$ti%e bar.ai!i!.+ stri7es a!"
lo$7o'ts+ $lose" shop+ a.es+ or7i!.
$o!"itio!s+ ho'rs o- labor a!" si#ilar
s'b1e$ts(
Labor Le.islatio! 2 $o!sists o- stat'tes+
re.'latio!s a!" 1'rispr'"e!$e .o%er!i!. the
relatio!s betee! $apital a!" labor(
Labor La a!" So$ial Le.islatio! 2 those las
that pro%i"e parti$'lar 7i!"s o- prote$tio! or
be!e@ts to so$iet)+ I! -'rthera!$e o- Social
/ustice as t#e im.
Principles underl,ing t#e Code
19 Labor relatio!s #'st be #a"e respo!si%e
a!" respo!sible to !atio!al "e%elop#e!t+
:9 Labor las "'ri!. the perio" o- !atio!al
e#er.e!$)+ #'st s'bstit'te ratio!alit)
-or $o!-ro!tatio!K
;9 Labor 1'sti$e $a! be #a"e eCpe"itio's
itho't sa$ri@$i!. "'e pro$ess(
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e :
<9 Ma!poer "e%elop#e!t #'st be
re.ar"e" as a #a1or "i#e!sio! o- labor
poli$)(
=9 There is .lobal labor #ar7et a%ailable to
*'ali@e" Jilipi!osK
>9 Labor las #'st $o##a!" a"e*'ate
reso'r$es a!" a$*'ire $apable #a$hi!er)
-or e5e$ti%e a!" s'stai!e"
i#ple#e!tatio!K
?9 There sho'l" be pop'lar represe!tatio!
i! poli$)4#a7i!. 8tripartis#9
Art.+. D!CLA,AT-.N ./ 0A1-C P.L-C2
The 1tate shall a"ord protection to labor,
promote f)ll emplo$ment, ens)re e3)al work
opport)nities, re*ardless of se%, race or creed,
and re*)late the relations between workers and
emplo$ers. The 1tate shall ass)re the ri*hts of
workers to self4or*ani5ation, collecti#e
bar*ainin*, sec)rit$ of ten)re and 6)st and
h)mane conditions of work.
4 Goals o- the !atio!al e$o!o#)+ are a
#ore e*'itable "istrib'tio! o-
opport'!ities+ i!$o#e a!" ealth(
Art.7. Constr)ction in fa#or of Labor
All do)bts in the implementation and
interpretation of the pro#isions of this Code,
incl)din* its implementin* r)les and re*)lations,
shall be resol#ed in fa#or of labor.
4 I!terpretatio! 3 Co!str'$tio!K Liberal
approa$h
4 Altho'.h it -a%ors labor+ it "oes!Nt #ea!
that e%er) labor "isp'te ill be
a'to#ati$all) i! its -a%or(
E#plo)erOMa!a.e#e!t also ha%e its o!
ri.hts(
4anagement 5ig#ts
19 Ri.ht to ROI 8ret'r! o- I!%est#e!ts9
:9 Ri.ht to pres$ribe r'les
4 Be$o#es part o- the $o!tra$t o-
e#plo)#e!t+ Pe!$e+ .e!erall) bi!"i!.
'!less .rossl) oppressi%e or $o!trar) to
la(
;9 Ri.ht to sele$t e#plo)ees
<9 Ri.ht to tra!s-erO"is$har.e e#plo)ees
Art.8. ,9L!1 AND ,!:9LAT-.N1
The D.L! and other *o#ernment a*encies
char*ed w; the administration and enforcement
of this Code or an$ of its parts shall prom)l*ate
the necessar$ implementin* r)les and
re*)lations. 1)ch r)les and re*)lations shall be
e"ecti#e <fteen &18( da$s after anno)ncement of
their adoption in newspapers of *eneral
circ)lation.
4 R'le4#a7i!. poers he! i!%ali"K i!
eC$ess
Art.'. APPL-CA0-L-T2
All ri*hts and bene<ts *ranted to workers )nder
this Code shall, e%cept as ma$ otherwise
pro#ided herein, appl$ alike to all workers,
whether a*ric)lt)ral or non4a*ric)lt)ral
*o "o-ernment Corporations
19 PNOC4EQC+ JTI+ NPA
&on-applicabilit, to "o-t6 gencies
4 Jor .o%er!#e!t e#plo)ees are '!"er the
Ci%il Ser%i$e la
78o 0mplo,er-0mplo,ee 5elations#ip- #a)
still appl)+ pro%i"e" that the 7i!" o- iss'e
i!%ol%e" is labor(
Chapter :
EMANCIPATION OJ TENANTS
Art.=. 1tatement of .b6ecti#es
Art.>. Transfer of Lands to Tenant4?orkers
Art.@ Determination of Land Aal)e
Art.1B. Conditions of .wnership
Art.11. -mplementin* A*enc$
4 The s'b1e$t o- a.raria! re-or# is .o%er!e"
pri!$ipall) b) R(A No( >>=? 8Co#prehe!si%e
A.raria! Re-or# La o- 1DII9
BOOR ONE
PRE4EMPLOYMENT
Art.1. 1TAT!C!NT ./ .0D!CT-A!1
-t is the polic$ of the 1tateE
&a( to promote and maintain a state of full
employment thr) impro#ed manpower trainin*,
allocation and )tili5ationF
&b( to protect every citizen desirin* to work
locall$ or o#erseas b$ sec)rin* for him the best
possible terms and condition of emplo$mentF
&c( To facilitate a free choice of a#ailable
emplo$ment b$ persons seekin* work in
conformit$ with the national interestF
&d( To facilitate and re*)late the mo#ement of
workers in conformit$ with the national interestF
&e( To re*)late the emplo$ment of aliens,
incl)din* the establishment of a re*istration
and;or work permit s$stemF
&f( To stren*then the network of p)blic
emplo$ment oGces and rationali5e the
participation of the pri#ate sector in the
recr)itment and placement of workers, locall$
and o#erseas, to ser#e national de#elopment
ob6ecti#esF
&*( To ins)re caref)l selection of /ilipino workers
for o#erseas emplo$ment in order to protect he
*ood name of the Philippines abroad.
4 QOLE 8Qepart#e!t o- Labor a!" E#plo)#e!t9
pri#ar) respo!sibilities:
19 Pro#otio! o- .ai!-'l e#plo)#e!t
opport'!ities
:9 The a"%a!$e#e!t o- or7erNs el-are
;9 The #ai!te!a!$e o- i!"'strial pea$e
Title I
RECR0ITMENT ANQ PLACEMENT OJ WORRERS
Chapter I
GENERAL RPOVISIONS
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e ;
1. 5ecruitment of 9ocal and 4igrant
7or%ers
1.1. 5ecruitment and placement:
de;ned
Art !" #e$nitions%%%%%
%%%
&b( HRecruitment and
placementH refers to an$ act of can#assin*,
enlistin*, contractin*, transportin*, )tili5in*,
hirin* or proc)rin* workers, and incl)des
referrals, contract ser#ices, promisin* or
ad#ertisin* for emplo$ment, locall$ or abroad,
whether for pro<t or notE Pro#ided, That an$
person or entit$ which, in an$ manner, o"ers or
promises for a fee, emplo$ment to two or more
persons shall be deemed en*a*ed in
recr)itment and placement.
1.2. !llegal 5ecruitment. rt. 38 19ocal2.
Sec. <. 4igrant 7or%ers ct.
5 8042 : Labor Code
Art "& 'llegal recruitment
a An$ recr)itment acti#ities,
incl)din* the prohibited practices en)merated
)nder Article +7 of this Code, to be )ndertaken
b$ non4licensees or non4holders of a)thorit$,
shall be deemed ille*al and p)nishable )nder
Article +@ of this Code. The Department of Labor
and !mplo$ment or an$ law enforcement oGcer
ma$ initiate complaints )nder this Article.
b -lle*al recr)itment when
committed b$ a s$ndicate or in lar*e scale shall
be considered an o"ense in#ol#in* economic
sabota*e and shall be penali5ed in accordance
with Article +@ hereof.
-lle*al recr)itment is deemed
committed b$ a s$ndicate if carried o)t b$ a
*ro)p of three &+( or more persons conspirin*
and;or confederatin* with one another in
carr$in* o)t an$ )nlawf)l or ille*al transaction,
enterprise or scheme de<ned )nder the <rst
para*raph hereof. -lle*al recr)itment is deemed
committed in lar*e scale if committed a*ainst
three &+( or more persons indi#id)all$ or as a
*ro)p.
c The 1ecretar$ of Labor and
!mplo$ment or his d)l$ a)thori5ed
representati#es shall ha#e the power to ca)se
the arrest and detention of s)ch non4licensee or
non4holder of a)thorit$ if after in#esti*ation it is
determined that his acti#ities constit)te a
dan*er to national sec)rit$ and p)blic order or
will lead to f)rther e%ploitation of 6ob4seekers.
The 1ecretar$ shall order the search of the
oGce or premises and sei5)re of doc)ments,
paraphernalia, properties and other implements
)sed in ille*al recr)itment acti#ities and the
clos)re of companies, establishments and
entities fo)nd to be en*a*ed in the recr)itment
of workers for o#erseas emplo$ment, witho)t
ha#in* been licensed or a)thori5ed to do so.
seeE Se$( >+ RA IL<:
1.2.1. 9icense -s. ut#orit,
Art !" #e$nitions %%%
&d( HLicenseH means a doc)ment
iss)ed b$ the Department of Labor a)thori5in*
a person or entit$ to operate a pri#ate
emplo$ment a*enc$.
%%%
&f( HAuthorityH means a doc)ment
iss)ed b$ the Department of Labor a)thori5in*
a person or association to en*a*e in
recr)itment and placement acti#ities as a
pri#ate recr)itment entit$.
&=*0S :
It sho'l" be !ote" that the "e@!itio! o-
Ere$r'it#e!t a!" pla$e#e!tG i! Art( 1;8b9+
"oes !ot #a7e a!) o- the ele%e! 8119 a$ts
e!'#erate" therei! ille.al per se( What #a7es
it a $ase o- ille.al re$r'it#e!t is he! a!) o-
sai" re$r'it#e!t a$ti%ities are Eunderta%en
b, non-licensees or non-#olders of
aut#orit,G( Frt. 381a2H S'$h that a!
e#plo)ee+ ho i!tro"'$es a! appli$a!t to
o!er4e#plo)er a.e!$)+ $o##itte" a! a$t o-
re-erral+ a Ere$r'it#e!t a$ti%it)G( There is a!
ille.al re$r'it#e!t he! o!e .i%es the
i#pressio! o- ha%i!. the abilit) to se!" a
or7er abroa"( F(eople vs )oce, 243 SC5
380. 389 1199>2H
A !o!4li$e!see #ea!s a perso!+
$orporatio! or e!tit) to hi$h the labor
se$retar) has !ot iss'e" a %ali" li$e!se or
a'thorit) to e!.a.e i! re$r'it#e!t a!"
pla$e#e!tK or hose li$e!se or a'thorit) has
bee! s'spe!"e"+ re%o7e"+ or $a!$elle" b) the
POEA or the labor se$retar)( A li$e!see
a'thori,es a perso! or a! e!tit) to operate a
pri%ate e#plo)#e!t a.e!$)+ hile a'thorit) is
.i%e! to those e!.a.e" i! re$r'it#e!t a!"
pla$e#e!t a$ti%ities( FRodolfo vs (eople,
".5. &o. 14<9<4. ugust 10. 200<H
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e <
50C5)!*40&*
&D
P9C040&*
A!) a$t o- $a!%assi!.+ e!listi!.+
$o!tra$ti!.+ tra!sporti!.+ 'tili,i!.+
hiri!.+ or pro$'ri!. or7ers+
A!" i!$l'"es re-errals+ $o!tra$t
ser%i$es+ pro#isi!. or a"%ertisi!. -or
e#plo)#e!t+ lo$all) or abroa"+
hether -or pro@t or !ot(
9!C0&S0 Qo$'#e!t iss'e" b) QOLE a'thori,i!.
a perso!Oe!tit) to operate a pri%ate
-ee4$har.i!. a.e!$) Frt. 131c2 a!"
1d2+ LCH
)*?=5!*@ Qo$'#e!t a'thori,i!. a
perso!Oasso$iatio! to e!.a.e i!
re$r'it#e!t a!" pla$e#e!t a$ti%ities
as a pri%ate re$r'it#e!t e!tit)+ i.e.+
!ot -or a -ee( Frt. 131f2H
Whe! a perso! or e!tit)+ i! a!) #a!!er+
o5ers or pro#ises -or a -ee e#plo)#e!t to to
or #ore perso!s+ that perso! or e!tit) shall be
"ee#e" e!.a.e" i! re$r'it#e!t a!"
pla$e#e!t( F(eople vs Laogo, ".5. &o.
13<2<4. /anuar, 10. 2011. Aillarama, D.H
1.2.2. 0ssential elements of illegal
recruitment
Esse!tial Ele#e!ts o- Ille.al Re$r'it#e!t
819 O5e!"er is:
8a9 a !o!4li$e!see or a !o!4
hol"er o- a'thorit)K or
8b9 a li$e!see or hol"er o-
a'thorit)K
8:9 8a9 No!4li$e!seeO!o!4hol"er
o- a'thorit) $o##its a!) o- the
:< i!-ra$tio!s 811 i! Art( 1;8b9+
a!" 1; i! Se$( >+ RA IL<:9
8b9 Li$e!seeOhol"er o-
a'thorit) $o##its a!) o- the 1<
i!-ra$tio!s '!"er Se$( >+ RA
IL<:(
1.2.3. Simple illegal recruitment
Ille.al re$r'it#e!t #a) be
$o##itte" he! a !o!4li$e!see or a
!o!4hol"er o- a'thorit) per-or#s a!) o-
the 11 a$ts o- re$r'it#e!t a!"
pla$e#e!t '!"er Art( 1;8b9 o- the Labor
Co"e( While Art( ;< #a7es a "isti!$tio!
betee!:
8a9 Prohibite" pra$ti$es 2 he!
$o##itte" b) a li$e!see or
hol"er o- a'thorit)K a!"
8b9 Ille.al re$r'it#e!t 2 he!
s'$h prohibite" pra$ti$es
ere $o##itte" b) a !o!4
li$e!see or !o!4hol"er o-
a'thorit)(
')*+
RA IL<: re#o%e" this "isti!$tio! a!"
re"e@!e" ille.al re$r'it#e!t as -ollos:
8a9 $har.i!. a! a#o'!t .reater tha!
that spe$i@e"K
8b9 p'blishi!. -alse !oti$e i! relatio! to
re$r'it#e!tK
8$9 .i%i!. aa) -alse i!-or#atio! or a!)
a$t o- #isreprese!tatio! -or
se$'ri!. a li$e!seOa'thorit)K
8"9 i!"'$i!. a or7er to *'it prese!t
or7 i! pla$e o- a!other
0NLESS+ to -ree the or7er -ro#
oppressi%e ter#s a!" $o!"itio!sK
8e9 i!S'e!$i!. a!) perso!Oe!tit) !ot to
e#plo) a or7er ho has !ot
applie" thro'.h the -or#erNs
a.e!$)K
8-9 re$r'iti!. or7ers i! 1obs that are
har#-'l to p'bli$ health or #oralit)K
8.9 obstr'$ti!. i!spe$tio! b) the
Se$retar) o- LaborK
8h9 -aili!. to @le reports as re*'ire" b)
the Se$retar)K
8i9 s'bstit'ti!. or alteri!. QOLE4
appro%e" e#plo)#e!t $o!tra$tsK
819 be$o#i!. a Boar" #e#ber o- a
tra%el a.e!$)+ "ire$tl) or i!"ire$tl)K
879 ithhol"i!. appli$a!t or7erNs
tra%el "o$'#e!ts -or #o!etar)
$o!si"eratio!sK
8l9 -aili!. to a$t'all) "eplo) a or7er
itho't a %ali" reaso!K a!"
8#9 i! $ase o- !o!4"eplo)#e!t o- or7er
itho't his -a'lt+ -aili!. to
rei#b'rse eCpe!ses the latter
i!$'rre"(
!n sum+
a !o!4li$e!see $a! be .'ilt) o- :<
ille.al re$r'it#e!t a$ts:
o 11 a$ts '!"er Art( 1;8b9
o 1; ille.al re$r'it#e!t a$ts
'!"er Se$( >+ RA IL<:
a li$e!see $a! be liable o!l) -or 1;
ille.al re$r'it#e!tOprohibite" a$ts
8'!"er Se$( >+ RA IL<:9+ 0NLESS
he $o!spires ith a !o!4li$e!see i!
the $o##issio! o- a!) o- the ille.al
a$ts i! Art( 1;8b9(
1.2.4. !llegal recruitment in large scale
Ille.al re$r'it#e!t is a #atter o-
e%i"e!$e( F(eople vs (anis, 142 SC5
<<4 1198<2H
Ille.al re$r'it#e!t be$o#es
Eeconomic sabotageG i-:
I- o!l) 1 %i$ti#+ the b'r"e! o-
proo- is o! the a$$'ser( B't i- there are
: or #ore %i$ti#s+ the a$$'se" is
"isp'tabl) pres'#e" to ha%e $o##itte"
ille.al re$r'it#e!t( FSec. <. 5 8042.
$ite" i! (eople vs (anis, supraH
1.2.>. !llegal recruitment as economic
sabotage
S*C+',- . #e$nition /%%
%%% %%%
&m( -lle*al recr)itment when
committed b$ a s$ndicate or in lar*e scale shall be
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e =
95"0 SC90 S@&D!C*0
; or #ore -ictims ; or #ore
conspirators
considered an o"ense in#ol#in* economic
sabota*eF and
1.2.<. !llegal 5ecruitment -s. 0stafa
rt. 31>. S0indling 1estafa2(
T A!) perso! ho shall "e-ra'" a!other
b) a!) o- the #ea!s #e!tio!e"
herei!belo shall be p'!ishe" b):
CCC the -ra'" be $o##itte"
b) a!) o- the -olloi!. #ea!s:
1( With '!-aith-'l!ess or ab'se o-
$o!@"e!$e+ !a#el):
CCC CCC
CCC
8b9 B) #isappropriati!. or
$o!%erti!.+ to the pre1'"i$e o- a!other+
#o!e)+ .oo"s+ or a!) other perso!al
propert) re$ei%e" b) the o5e!"er i!
tr'st or o! $o##issio!+ or -or
a"#i!istratio!+ or '!"er a!) other
obli.atio! i!%ol%i!. the "'t) to #a7e
"eli%er) o- or to ret'r! the sa#e+ e%e!
tho'.h s'$h obli.atio! be totall) or
partiall) .'ara!tee" b) a bo!"K or b)
"e!)i!. ha%i!. re$ei%e" s'$h #o!e)+
.oo"s+ or other
CCC
CCC CCC
:( B) #ea!s o- a!) o- the -olloi!. -alse
prete!ses or -ra'"'le!t a$ts eCe$'te"
prior to or si#'lta!eo'sl) ith the
$o##issio! o- the -ra'":
8a9 B) 'si!. @$titio's !a#e+ or
-alsel) prete!"i!. to possess poer+
i!S'e!$e+ *'ali@$atio!s+ propert)+
$re"it+ a.e!$)+ b'si!ess or i#a.i!ar)
tra!sa$tio!s+ or b) #ea!s o- other
si#ilar "e$eits(
A!) re$r'it#e!t a$ti%ities to be
'!"erta7e! b) !o!4li$e!see or !o!4hol"er
o- $o!tra$ts shall be "ee#e" ille.al a!"
p'!ishable '!"er Art( ;D o- the Labor
Co"e( F(eople vs Jamilosa, >12 SC5
340 120032H
Abse!$e o- #o!e) or a!)
%al'able $o!si"eratio! as pa)#e!t -or
ser%i$es o- the re$r'iter still $o!si"ers the
re$r'it#e!t ille.al '!"er Art( 1;8b9 o- the
Labor Co"e as re$r'it#e!t #a)be -or
pro@t or !ot( F(eople vs Jamilosa,
supraH
1.2.3. 9iabilities
S0C*!=& 10. 3oney claims
The liabilit) o- the
pri!$ipalOe#plo)er a!" the
re$r'it#e!tOpla$e#e!t a.e!$) -or a!)
a!" all $lai#s '!"er this se$tio! shall be
1oi!t a!" se%eral( This pro%isio! shall be
i!$orporate" i! the $o!tra$t -or
o%erseas e#plo)#e!t a!" shall be a
$o!"itio! pre$e"e!t -or its appro%al(
The per-or#a!$e bo!" to be @le" b) the
re$r'it#e!tOpla$e#e!t a.e!$)+ as
pro%i"e" b) la+ shall be a!serable
-or all #o!e) $lai#s or "a#a.es that
#a) be aar"e" to the or7ers( I- the
re$r'it#e!tOpla$e#e!t a.e!$) is a
1'ri"i$al bei!.+ the $orporate o6$ers
a!" "ire$tors a!" part!ers as the $ase
#a) be+ shall the#sel%es be 1oi!tl) a!"
soli"aril) liable ith the $orporatio! or
part!ership -or the a-oresai" $lai#s a!"
"a#a.es(
S'$h liabilities shall $o!ti!'e
"'ri!. the e!tire perio" or "'ratio! o-
the e#plo)#e!t $o!tra$t a!" shall !ot
be a5e$te" b) a!) s'bstit'tio!+
a#e!"#e!t or #o"i@$atio! #a"e
lo$all) or i! a -orei.! $o'!tr) o- the sai"
$o!tra$t(
1a2 local emplo,ment agenc,
1b2 foreign emplo,er
*#eor, of imputed %no$ledge 4 The so4
$alle" theor) o- i#p'te" 7!ole".e+ that is+
7!ole".e o- the a.e!t is 7!ole".e o- the
pri!$ipal( FNe Li-e %s( CA+ G(R( No( D<L?1
Mar$h ;1+ 1DD:H Jor the liabilit) o- the a.e!t to
atta$h+ this theor) states that the a.e!t 7!e o-
a!" $o!se!te" to the eCte!sio! o- perio" o-
e#plo)#e!t( Otherise+ the liabilit) o- the
re$r'it#e!t a.e!$) shall eCpire -ro# the
ter#i!atio! o- the or7erMs ori.i!al $o!tra$t(
FS0NACE INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT %s(
NLRC+ G(R( No( 1>1?=?+ /a!'ar) :=+ :LL>+
Carpio Morales+ /(H
1.2.8. Pre-termination of contract of
migrant $or%er
NOTES:
R'les o! Repatriatio! o- O%erseas
Wor7ers
819 7it#out fault of t#e $or%er+ his
repatriatio! shall be bor!e b) the lo$al a.e!$)
a!"Oor pri!$ipal o%er the:
a( or7er a!" his perso!al belo!.i!.sK
b( re#ai!s o- the "e$ease" or7er a!" his
perso!al belo!.i!.s FSec. 1>. par. 1. 5
8042H
8:9 Repatriatio! "'e to the fault of migrant
$or%er shall be bor!e b) the #i.ra!t or7er(
FSec. 1>. par. 1. 5 8042H
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e >
8;9 Repatriatio! i! $ases o- $ar. epidemic.
disasters8calamities+ or other si#ilar e%e!ts
shall be bor!e b) OWWA+ itho't pre1'"i$e to
rei#b'rse#e!t b) the pri!$ipal or lo$al a.e!$)(
FSec. 1>. par.2. 5 8042H
8<9 Repatriatio! o- underage migrant $or%er
shall be #a!"ator) 'po! "is$o%er)+ "o!e b)
the respo!sible o6$ers o- the -orei.! ser%i$e
here the '!"era.e #i.ra!t or7er is -o'!"(
FSec. 1<. 5 8042H
8=9 Repatriatio! o- seafarerT
POEA Me#o Cir$'lar No( ==4D> pro%i"es that a
sea#a! $a! be repatriate" $it#out cause i-
the %essel arri%es at a $o!%e!ie!t port ithi! ;
#o!ths be-ore the eCpiratio! o- his $o!tra$t+
')* o!l) 'po! pa)#e!t o-:
a( all his ear!e" a.esK
b( lea%e pa) -or the entire $o!tra$tK
$( termination pa, of 1 mont# basic
salar,. !+ seaman #as at least 10 mont#s
original contract. A(CL Shipping (hils vs
-LRC, ".5. &o. 1>3031. December 14.
200<. Austria%3artinez, JB
1.3. Direct #iring
Art !& 4an on direct%hiring No
emplo$er ma$ hire a /ilipino worker for
o#erseas emplo$ment e%cept thro)*h the
0oards and entities a)thori5ed b$ the 1ecretar$
of Labor. Direct4hirin* b$ members of the
diplomatic corps, international or*ani5ations
and s)ch other emplo$ers as ma$ be allowed b$
the 1ecretar$ of Labor is e/empted from this
pro#ision.
2. 5egulation and 0nforcement
Art !. (rivate recruitment !%cept
as pro#ided in Chapter -- of this Title, no person
or entit$ other than the p)blic emplo$ment
oGces, shall en*a*e in the recr)itment and
placement of workers.
Art 56 (rivate sector participation
in the recruitment and placement of
0or7ers P)rs)ant to national de#elopment
ob6ecti#es and in order to harness and
ma%imi5e the )se of pri#ate sector reso)rces
and initiati#e in the de#elopment and
implementation of a comprehensi#e
emplo$ment pro*ram, the pri#ate emplo$ment
sector shall participate in the recr)itment and
placement of workers, locall$ and o#erseas,
)nder s)ch *)idelines, r)les and re*)lations as
ma$ be iss)ed b$ the 1ecretar$ of Labor.
Art 5. +ravel agencies prohibited
to recruit Tra#el a*encies and sales a*encies
of airline companies are prohibited from
en*a*in* in the b)siness of recr)itment and
placement of workers for o#erseas
emplo$ment whether for pro<t or not.
Art 58 Citizenship re9uirement
,nly :ilipino citizens or corporations,
partnerships or entities at least seventy%
$ve percent 186;2 of the authorized and
voting capital stoc7 of 0hich is o0ned
and controlled by :ilipino citizens shall be
permitted to participate in the
recruitment and placement of 0or7ers,
locally or overseas
Art 5& Capitalization All applicants
for a)thorit$ to hire or renewal of license to
recr)it are re3)ired to ha#e s)ch s)bstantial
capitali5ation as determined b$ the 1ecretar$
of Labor.
Art 5< -on%transferability of
license or authority No license or a)thorit$
shall be )sed directl$ or indirectl$ b$ an$
person other than the one in whose fa#or it
was iss)ed or at an$ place other than that
stated in the license or a)thorit$ be
transferred, con#e$ed or assi*ned to an$ other
person or entit$. An$ transfer of b)siness
address, appointment or desi*nation of an$
a*ent or representati#e incl)din* the
establishment of additional oGces an$where
shall be s)b6ect to the prior appro#al of the
Department of Labor.
Art "= Registration fees The
1ecretar$ of Labor shall prom)l*ate a sched)le
of fees for the re*istration of all applicants for
license or a)thorit$.
Art "! 4onds All applicants for
license or a)thorit$ shall post s)ch cash and
s)ret$ bonds as determined b$ the 1ecretar$
of Labor to *)arantee compliance with
prescribed recr)itment proced)res, r)les and
re*)lations, and terms and conditions of
emplo$ment as ma$ be appropriate.
Art "5 :ees to be paid by
0or7ers An$ person appl$in* with a pri#ate
fee4char*in* emplo$ment a*enc$ for
emplo$ment assistance shall not be char*ed
an$ fee )ntil he has obtained emplo$ment
thro)*h its e"orts or has act)all$ commenced
emplo$ment. 1)ch fee shall be alwa$s co#ered
with the appropriate receipt clearl$ showin*
the amo)nt paid. The 1ecretar$ of Labor shall
prom)l*ate a sched)le of allowable fees.
Art "" Reports on employment
status ?hene#er the p)blic interest re3)ires,
the 1ecretar$ of Labor ma$ direct all persons
or entities within the co#era*e of this Title to
s)bmit a report on the stat)s of emplo$ment,
incl)din* 6ob #acancies, details of 6ob
re3)isitions, separation from 6obs, wa*es,
other terms and conditions and other
emplo$ment data.
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e ?
2.1. 5emittance of foreign eCc#ange
earnings
Art 55 3andatory remittance of
foreign e/change earnings -t shall be
mandator$ for all /ilipino workers abroad to
remit a portion of their forei*n e%chan*e
earnin*s to their families, dependents, and;or
bene<ciaries in the co)ntr$ in accordance with
r)les and re*)lations prescribed b$ the
1ecretar$ of Labor.
2.2. Pro#ibited acti-ities
Art "> (rohibited practices -t shall
be )nlawf)l for an$ indi#id)al, entit$, licensee,
or holder of a)thorit$E
&a( To char*e or accept, directl$ or
indirectl$, an$ amo)nt *reater than that
speci<ed in the sched)le of allowable fees
prescribed b$ the 1ecretar$ of Labor, or to
make a worker pa$ an$ amo)nt *reater than
that act)all$ recei#ed b$ him as a loan or
ad#anceF
&b( To f)rnish or p)blish an$ false
notice or information or doc)ment in relation
to recr)itment or emplo$mentF
&c( To *i#e an$ false notice,
testimon$, information or doc)ment or commit
an$ act of misrepresentation for the p)rpose of
sec)rin* a license or a)thorit$ )nder this Code.
&d( To ind)ce or attempt to ind)ce a
worker alread$ emplo$ed to 3)it his
emplo$ment in order to o"er him to another
)nless the transfer is desi*ned to liberate the
worker from oppressi#e terms and conditions
of emplo$mentF
&e( To inI)ence or to attempt to
inI)ence an$ person or entit$ not to emplo$
an$ worker who has not applied for
emplo$ment thro)*h his a*enc$F
&f( To en*a*e in the recr)itment or
placement of workers in 6obs harmf)l to p)blic
health or moralit$ or to the di*nit$ of the
,ep)blic of the PhilippinesF
&*( To obstr)ct or attempt to
obstr)ct inspection b$ the 1ecretar$ of Labor
or b$ his d)l$ a)thori5ed representati#esF
&h( To fail to <le reports on the
stat)s of emplo$ment, placement #acancies,
remittance of forei*n e%chan*e earnin*s,
separation from 6obs, depart)res and s)ch
other matters or information as ma$ be
re3)ired b$ the 1ecretar$ of Labor.
&i( To s)bstit)te or alter
emplo$ment contracts appro#ed and #eri<ed
b$ the Department of Labor from the time of
act)al si*nin* thereof b$ the parties )p to and
incl)din* the periods of e%piration of the same
witho)t the appro#al of the 1ecretar$ of LaborF
&6( To become an oGcer or member
of the 0oard of an$ corporation en*a*ed in
tra#el a*enc$ or to be en*a*ed directl$ or
indirectl$ in the mana*ement of a tra#el
a*enc$F and
&k( To withhold or den$ tra#el
doc)ments from applicant workers before
depart)re for monetar$ or <nancial
considerations other than those a)thori5ed
)nder this Code and its implementin* r)les and
re*)lations.
2.3. 5egulator, and -isitorial po$ers of
t#e 9abor Secretar,
Art !> *mployment promotion The
1ecretar$ of Labor shall ha#e the power and
a)thorit$E
&a( To or*ani5e and establish new
emplo$ment oGces in addition to the e%istin*
emplo$ment oGces )nder the Department of
Labor as the need arisesF
&b( To or*ani5e and establish a nationwide
6ob clearance and information s$stem to inform
applicants re*isterin* with a partic)lar
emplo$ment oGce of 6ob opport)nities in other
parts of the co)ntr$ as well as 6ob opport)nities
abroadF
&c( To de#elop and or*ani5e a
pro*ram that will facilitate occ)pational,
ind)strial and *eo*raphical mobilit$ of labor and
pro#ide assistance in the relocation of workers
from one area to anotherF and
&d( To re3)ire an$ person,
establishment, or*ani5ation or instit)tion to
s)bmit s)ch emplo$ment information as ma$ be
prescribed b$ the 1ecretar$ of Labor.
Art ". Regulatory po0er The
1ecretar$ of Labor shall ha#e the power to
restrict and re*)late the recr)itment and
placement acti#ities of all a*encies within the
co#era*e of this Title and is hereb$ a)thori5ed
to iss)e orders and prom)l*ate r)les and
re*)lations to carr$ o)t the ob6ecti#es and
implement the pro#isions of this Title.
Art "8 ?isitorial (o0er The
1ecretar$ of Labor or his d)l$ a)thori5ed
representati#es ma$, at an$ time, inspect the
premises, books of acco)nts and records of an$
person or entit$ co#ered b$ this Title, re3)ire it
to s)bmit reports re*)larl$ on prescribed forms,
and act on #iolation of an$ pro#isions of this
Title.
&=*0S(
The S'pre#e Co'rt "e$lare"
Art( ;I+ par( 8$9 '!$o!stit'tio!al a!" !'ll
a!" %oi"+ stati!. that o!l) a 1'".e #a)
iss'e arra!ts o- sear$h a!" arrest(
FHortencia Salazar vs +omas #
Achacoso and :erdie 3ar9uez, ".5.
&o. 81>10. 4arc# 14. 1990H
2.4. Penalties for illegal recruitment
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e I
Art "6 Suspension and@or
cancellation of license or authority The
Cinister of Labor shall ha#e the power to
s)spend or cancel an$ license or a)thorit$ to
recr)it emplo$ees for o#erseas emplo$ment
for #iolation of r)les and re*)lations iss)ed b$
the Cinistr$ of Labor, the .#erseas
!mplo$ment De#elopment 0oard, or for
#iolation of the pro#isions of this and other
applicable laws, :eneral .rders and Letters of
-nstr)ctions.
Art "< (enalties
&a( The penalt$ of life imprisonment
and a <ne of .ne J)ndred Tho)sand Pesos
&P1BBB,BBB.BB( shall be imposed if ille*al
recr)itment constit)tes economic sabota*e as
de<ned hereinF
&b( An$ licensee or holder of
a)thorit$ fo)nd #iolatin* or ca)sin* another to
#iolate an$ pro#ision of this Title or its
implementin* r)les and re*)lations shall, )pon
con#iction thereof, s)"er the penalt$ of
imprisonment of not less than two $ears nor
more than <#e $ears or a <ne of not less than
P1B,BBB nor more than P8B,BBB, or both s)ch
imprisonment and <ne, at the discretion of the
co)rtF
&c( An$ person who is neither a
licensee nor a holder of a)thorit$ )nder this
Title fo)nd #iolatin* an$ pro#ision thereof or its
implementin* r)les and re*)lations shall, )pon
con#iction thereof, s)"er the penalt$ of
imprisonment of not less than fo)r $ears nor
more than ei*ht $ears or a <ne of not less than
PB,BBB nor more than P1BB,BBB or both s)ch
imprisonment and <ne, at the discretion of the
co)rtF
&d( -f the o"ender is a corporation,
partnership, association or entit$, the penalt$
shall be imposed )pon the oGcer or oGcers of
the corporation, partnership, association or
entit$ responsible for #iolationF and if s)ch
oGcer is an alien, he shall, in addition to the
penalties herein prescribed, be deported
witho)t f)rther proceedin*sF
&e( -n e#er$ case, con#iction shall
ca)se and carr$ the a)tomatic re#ocation of the
license or a)thorit$ and all the permits and
pri#ile*es *ranted to s)ch person or entit$
)nder this Title, and the forfeit)re of the cash
and s)ret$ bonds in fa#or of the .#erseas
!mplo$ment De#elopment 0oard or the
National 1eamen 0oard, as the case ma$ be,
both of which are a)thori5ed to )se the same
e%cl)si#el$ to promote their ob6ecti#es.
a9 Li$e!si!. o- a!" A"#i!istrati%e Co#plai!ts
a.ai!st Re$r'it#e!t A.e!$ies
9=C9
50C5)!*40
&* "0&C@
=D05S0S
50C5)!*40&*
"0&C@
7#ere
to @le:
QOLE
Re.io!al
O6$e
POEA Qire$tor o-
Li$e!si!. 3
Re.'lator) O6$e
8LRO9+ hi$h o6$e
is '!"er the i!.
o- the Qep't)
A"#i!istrator -or
A"1'"i$atio! a!"
E#plo)#e!t
Re.'latio!(
7#o
issues
license:
QOLE
Re.io!al
Qire$tor
POEA Qire$tor o-
LRO
7#o
re-o%es
8cancel
s
li$e!se:
QOLE
Re.io!al
Qire$tor
4 BLE $op)
-'r!ishe" o-
all Or"ers -or
Qatabase
POEA Qire$tor o-
LRO
0EC0P*. i! $ase o- !990"9 50C5)!*40&*:
1 0!"er the POEA R'les o!
O%erseas La!"4base"
E#plo)#e!t 8:LL:9+ both the
POEA A"#i!istrator a!" QOLE
Re.io!al Qire$tor has the poer
to iss'e a CLOS0RE ORQER
a.ai!st a! erri!. o%erseas
re$r'it#e!t a!" #a!!i!.
a.e!$)(
2 ')*. 0!"er the !e O#!ib's
R'les I#ple#e!ti!. RA 1LL::
8a#e!"#e!t to RA IL<:9+ it is
t#e P=0 dministrator $#o
#as t#e aut#orit, to issue a
C9=S)50 =5D05 'po!
preli#i!ar) @!"i!. o- .'ilt
a.ai!st a! o%erseas re$r'it#e!t
a.e!$)( FSe$( 11H
?=70D05.
Prior to the iss'a!$e o- a CLOS0RE ORQER+ a!
i!%esti.atio! ta7es pla$e hereb) the P=0
dministrator ma, issue a pre-enti-e
suspension 'po! the re$o##e!"atio! o- the
POEA Qire$tor o- LRO( FSe$( D+ O#!ib's R'les
i#ple#e!ti!. RA 1LL::H
Clos're Or"er #a) be lifted upon ;ling a
4otion before t#e P=0 Director o- LRO+
hi$h #otio! shall be resol-ed b, t#e P=0
dministrator( FSe$( 1I+ O#!ib's R'les
I#ple#e!ti!. RA 1LL::H
b9 Cri#i!al Co#plai!ts i!%ol%i!. Mi.ra!t
Wor7ers
!990"9 50C5)!*40&* S 0C=&=4!C
S'=*"0
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e D
Categories:
1( !llegal recruitment in large scale 2 i-
committed a*ainst three or #ore perso!s
i!"i%i"'all) or as a .ro'p(
:( !llegal recruitment b, a s,ndicate 4 i-
carried o)t b$ a .ro'p o- three or #ore perso!s
$o!spiri!. a!"Oor $o!-e"erati!. ith o!e
a!other(
Whe! o!l) o!e $o#plai!a!t @le" i!"i%i"'al
$o#plai!ts+ there is no ille.al re$r'it#e!t i!
lar.e s$ale ')* the three $o!spiri!. re$r'iters
$a! be hel" .'ilt) o- ille.al re$r'it#e!t b) a
s)!"i$ate( FPeople %s( Per!a!"e,+ R( Rei$hl+ a!"
Y(G( "e Rei$hl+ G(R( Nos( 1<1::14;>+ Mar$h ?+
:LL:(H
Where ille.al re$r'it#e!t is pro%e" b't the
ele#e!ts o- Elar.e s$aleG or Es)!"i$ateG are
abse!t+ the a$$'se" $a! be $o!%i$te" o!l) o-
FsimpleG illegal recruitment.
D0&)0( The 5*C o- the pro%i!$e or $it) here
the o5e!se as $o##itte" or here the
o5e!"e" part) a$t'all) resi"es at the ti#e o-
the $o##issio! o- the o5e!se(
BVTC4 Labor La Pa.e 1L