Printed, Published and Owned by M.Mohammed Akbar.

Printed at Cochin Printech Pvt Ltd

for Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar,
Niche of Truth, PB No:1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19, Tel: 0484 2301275, Fax: 0484 2301175
Internet Edition: www.snehasamvadam.com
Email: editor@snehasamvadam.com
For Online Booking: www.islamicbookshelf.com
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2013 HmKv 5
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2013 HmKv 6
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cv BtLmjfmWv Ckv v emanep
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fpIptijw im amkns A
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BtLmj B`mkfmbn am
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hpw am\yXbpsS AXncpI ewLnp
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cnXmh krnpwhn[ap B
Vw_cw, [manI aqeysf XIp
hnt\mZbm{XI, Aoe hkv{X[m
cW coXnI, `Wn\pw hkv{X
pw thnbp Zphybhpw [q
pw, B`mkIcamb Iem]cn]mSnI,
kwKoX ss\pI, Icnacpv {]tbmK
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BtLmjfpsS AXnhcpI
Bbni(d) \nthZ\w. Hcp Znhkw A_q_(d) hontev htm Fsb
Spshv cv Akmcn s]IpnI _pBkv bps A\pkv acnp
AhcpsS ]mv ]mSpIbmbncpp. A_q_(d) AhtcmSv tNmZnp: "{]hm
NIs honshv ]nimNns kv XpXnKoXtam?' AXv Hcp s]cpm Znhkam
bncpp. \_n(k) ]dp: "A_q_, Hmtcm kapZmbn\pw BtLmjmh
kcfpv. Cv \psS BtLmjZn\amWv.' (apkvv enw)
Cv s]cpmfpItfmS\p_n
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ipnbneqsS t\SnsbSpp Bob
ssNX\yw Hcp Zn\w sImv \innp
{]hWX hym]Iambncnpp.
Ckvvemanse BtLmj Bcm
[\ IqSnbmWv. Ahbvv {]tXyIw ]p
Wyapv. `nbpw B\hpw ka\z
bnpXmIWaXv. Fm A[manI
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mlphns Xr]v XnbmWv BtLmjth
fIfnepw hnizmknI Imwnt
Xv. AXn\m Xs hyamb hnt\m
Zfn\npw hnp\nWsav Izp
B DWppv: "A\mhiyImcy
n\nv XncnpIfbphcpw (hn
Pbw {]m]nncnpp)'(23:3). Fm
B\ZmbIamb \ hnt\mZ C
kvv emw A\phZnppshXn\v apI
fnepcnXpt]mep thsdbpw kw`
h lZoYv {Kfn ImWm I
gnbpw.
kns ASnm\ ZmXmhv A
mlphmWv. Amlp Zm\ambn \In
b [\w a\pjy Fs\ sNehgn
pp Fv ]conpIbmWh. [
\w Zphybw sNphcpw AanXhy
bw sNphcpw Cu ]coWn
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fIfpw ktmj kpZn\fpsampw C
Xn\nv Hgnh. IzpB ]dbpp:
"sNehp sNpIbmsWn AanXhy
bw \SpItbm ]nipnnSnpItbm
sNmsX AXn\nSp anXamb am
Kw kzoIcnphcpamIpp Ah (hn
izmknI)'(25:67).
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hnpIb, Pohnm\mbn `Ww I
gnpIbmWv thXv. AanX `Ww
BtcmKyn\v lm\nIcamWv. `W
ns AanX D]tbmKhpw Zphybhpw
{]hmNI (k) XSnpv.
BtLmj BkzmZyIcamIp
Xv AhbpsS am\yX ewLnsSm
XncnptmgmWv . Ckv v emanImtLmj
fpsS Ak ssZhnI \ntZi
fpsS `mKambXn\m Ah ]mens
Sptmtg Bcm[\bpsS ssNX\yw e
`nq. BmZ BtLmj thfI t]m
epw hnizmknIv ]mc{XnI hnPbw
t\Sm\p AhkcfmWv. AXn\m
Xs s]cpmfpIfpsS `mKambn {]Xy
spXpSnb A[manI {]hWX
Isfbpw A\mNmcsfbpw thtcmsS
]ngpsXdnbm\pw {]mamWnI]cn[nI
ewLnsSmXncnm\pw hnizmknI
Pm{KX ]petXpv.
2013 HmKv 7
]{Xm[n]v ]dbm\pXv
IpnIsXnscbp AXn{Iafpw Ahbvp {]Xnhn[nIfpw N sNsp
sImncnpIbmWnv. kqW kmcXbpsS tIcfob Almcns binta
hoW Idp ]pnI am{XamtWm, kmcXtbmsSmw HgpInh kzw apJw am{Xw
]cnKWnp Bmcm[\bpsS kwkvImcns BSnnanemtWm Krlmco
n\Iv \Sp {Iqcamb ]oU\sf hnjbw th{X N sNsnn. inip
kwcW \nbafpsS A]cym]v XXbpw Ah \SmpnSv kw`hnp ]mfnI
fpw am{XamWv ]etmgpw NIfnsemw ISphcpXv. kzsbpw kzmscbpw
aphscbpw Chscmw Xnepmbncnt ]mckv]cyns ckX{sbpw Ipdn
v \appmbncnt [mcWI Bmcm[\v A\pkrXambn ]p\\nhNns
psImncnppsh bmYmyamWv inip ]oU\ kw`hfneqsS bYmYn ]p
dphpsImncnpXv. CSpnbnse Ipanfnmc\mb ico^pw cmw `mcybmb A
\ojbpw IqSn ico^n\v BZy `mcybnepmb i^oJns\ {Iqcambn aZnv Ahi\mn
shtedn ]cnNcnstS Ahm hntijapmnbXmWtm IpnIsXnsc
bp AXn{Ia N sNsSphm Ctmgpmb ImcWw. tImgntmSv _nemn
pfw t{Xnse ]qPmcnbmb kqcy\mcmbW \qXncnbpw cmw `mcybpw IqSn Ggp
hbpImcnbmb aI AXnZnsb aZnp sImXmbn Cgn sabv amkn aebmfn
hmbn hm Ccw kw`h HsXsv hyamppv. kzw amXmhv a
RvPphpw cm\O\mb s_nbpw AbmfpsS AO BWnbpw IqSn aqp hbpImc
\mb Btcmaens Imen\v NebnSpIbpw ]ntbmsSmw `Ww hnfpIbpw sNbvX
IYbpw \mw hmbnnv GXm\pw hjtf Bbnpq. kzw a, XfpsS kuIcy
pw kpJpw hnLmXamhptm Ahsc ]oUnnpIbpw sImpIbpsamw
sNp am\knImhbntep aebmfnbpsS amw, am[yafpsS BtLmj
pdw, \psSsbmw ]cymtemN\v hnjbo`hntXpv.
Anaqv iXam\w IpnIfpw Hcp Xcnesn asmcp Xcnep ssewKn
ImXn{Iav hnt[bamIpps HutZymKnI IWpIfp cmPyamWv Cy. Ipn
Isf ssewKnIambn NqjWw sNphcn ]IpXnbne[nIhpw Ahcpambn ASp Ip
Spw__aphcmsWpw Ccw tIkpIfn Bdp iXam\w am{Xta dntmp sN
sSppqshpamWv HutZymKnI IWv. Hmtcm hjhpw icmicn HXn\mbnctm
fw IpnIsf ImWmXmhpIbpw Ap etmfw IpnI ssewKnIsmgnentev \
bnsSpIbpw ]Xn\v hbn\v Xmsgbp Ccp]Xv etmfw t] ssewKnIsm
gnemfnIfmbn \ne\npIbpw sNp Hcp cmPyv IpnIsf kwcnpXn\mbp
IpnIsf t{ZmlncpXv; Bcpw, Hcnepw!
2013 HmKv 8
\nba Imcyaambn \SmsSppshv hmZnphm Bpw Ignbn. tIcf
n Xs 2011 am{Xw 423 IpnI _emkwKw sNsSpIbpw 47 IpnI sIm
sSpIbpw 129 IpnIsf Xnsmpt]mhpIbpw sNbvXpshmWv ss{Iwkv sdtmUv
_yqtdm ]dbpXv. `mcX kmcns kv{XoIfpsSbpw IpnIfpsSbpw A`nhrnp th
nbp a{mebw 2013 G{]n 26 \v ]pdndnb "2013se IpnImbp tZiob\
b'n IpnIfpsS AhImi kwcWhpambn _s \nch[n \ntZifpw \nb
afpw aptmpshppsXv icnbmWv. temIspap IpnIv e`nt
]v AhImisfnbp 1959 Unkw_dn sFIycm{ k` ]pdsSphn \btc
Jm {]Jym]\w AwKoIcnpIbpw \SmpIbpw sNthcmWv Cym. ]s, C
cw {]Jym]\fpw \nbafpsampw th coXnbn \SmsSpns hkvXp
XbmWtm \app Nppw \Sp _me]oU\ hyampXv. AXv kzmcn
\npw amXm]nXmfn \npamIptm anhmdpw ]pdwtemIw AdnbpIt]mepan
. CltemIns Aemcfmb (18:46) a Amlphns A\p{Klhpw ]co
WhpamsWv (8:28) IzpB hyampp. IpnIsfmw ip {]IrXntbmsS P\np
hcmsWpw AhcpsS aXhpw kwkvImchpw FmbncnWsav Xocpam\npXv
{][m\ambpw AhcpsS amXm]nXmfmsWpw {]hmNI(k) ]Tnnnpv (kzlolp
apkvvenw, InXm_p JZv). hm[Iynsenb amXm]nXmv ImcpWyns
NndIphncnpsImSpt a, "\mYm, sNdpn Ch cpt]cpw Fs t]mnhf
nbXpt]mse ChtcmSv \o IcpW ImWntWta'(17:24)sbv {]mnthcmsW
v IzpB ]Tnnpp. IpnItfmSv sNdpn IcpW ImWnpIsbXv amXm]n
XmfpsS Pohim{X]camb DchmZnamsWpw AXv \nhlnhv am{Xta a
fpsS Cu {]m\bpsS ^ew e`npIbpqshpw IzpB\n \nv ]Tnp hn
izmknIfpsS PohnXntesmcnepw atfmSv tamiambn s]cpamdp kwkvImcw IS
phcm ]mSnmXmWv. ^mXzna(d)sb a\p \ndsb kvt\lnpIbpw lks\(d)sb
bpw lpssks\bpw(d) kvt\lnppshv Dds ]dbpIbpw {]kvXpX kvt\lw {]I
SnnpIbpw sNbvX {]hmNIs(k) amXrI ]n]phss\ asf Bm
ambn kvt\lnmXncnm\mhpw?!
asf kvt\lnpIsbm Ah sNp XnIsfmw AwKoIcnWsatm
AXnsXnsc iW \S]SnIsfmpw ]mSnstm A AYampXv. XnIsf XS
bpIbpw \I ]Tnnphm\mhiyamb inW\S]SnI kzoIcnpIbpw sNt
Xv amXm]nXmfpsS DchmZnamsWv {]hmNI(k) ]Tnnnpv. Ggp hbp
apX \akvIcnphm ]TnnWsapw ]p hbmbnpw \akvImcw ioeamnbn
nsn inW \S]SnI kzoIcnWsapw (kp\\p A_qZmhqZv, InXm_pzem
v) ]Tnn {]hmNI(k) A\nhmcysan inm \S]SnIfmhmw FpXsbmWv a
\nemncpXv. kImns Imcbn \nv `nphms\mcpnb t]cpn
tbmSv Ibv AXn \nv Xncpnb {]hmNI\n(k) \nmWv Fs\ Ftm Xn
cpWsav apkvvenw a\nemtXv. IpnIsf innpXv XfpsS \ncmibnm
sXbmphm\p Ipdpphgnb, {]XypX av \Xv ]Tnnphm thn am{X
amsWv ]Tnt cnXm XfpsS inWsImv {]kvXpX ZuXyw t\Sm
Ignbpptmsbv ]cntim[npsImtbncnWw. cnXmfpsS kpJn\p th
n am{Xap D]IcWfmbn asf a\nemp Bmcm[\bpsS kwkvImcw C
kvveman\v XnIpw A\yambXmWv. av AhcpsS hynXzapsv a\nempI
bpw {]kvXpX hynXzns \ \nd hfbvmhiyambXv sNpIbmWv Xfp
sS [asav XncndnbpIbpw sNthcmWv cnXm. XfpsS kpJn\v a
hnLmXambnocppshv tXmptm inW inIfpw ]oU\fpw {IqcX
IfpsambnocpXv kzw kpJw am{Xw eyamp kwkvImcn\v ASnaIfmbn
ocptmgmWv. {]kvXpX ASnans _enbmSpIfn NnescpdnmWv \mw hm
Ifn hmbnpXv. kzw asftmepw i{XpfmbnmWp Bmcm[\bpsS
ASnan \nv Fmhpamhiyamb am\h\nba {]Zm\w sNbvX Amlp
hns ASnantev P\sf \bnpIbmWv Ccw {]iv\p bYm ]
cnlmcw. {]kvXpX ]cnlmcsn kaqls t_m[ysSpphm {]t_m[Iv I
gntbXpv. Amlp A\p{Klns (Bao).
2013 HmKv 9
tambn: Bs kJmth, Fm
Rm Ipdv IpnIsf hnfnv Abmsf
HvSv Iqnmtem?
aplZv: tambnIpns A`n{]m
bn B auehn F\s Hcm
fm?
tambn: Abmsfmcp \mtWmw am
t\mw Cm BfmWv.
aplZv: ]nsm Abmsf Iqn
nv?
tambn: icnbmWv.
aplZv: Atm AXm Rm ]
dXv . tambnIpn AXns\mpw _p
nap. Cmnse km[mcWmcm
b P\ Acmsc Iqnhnfn
v BntbmSnp Imew ASpncn
pp.
(C.sI. Abap/ v \smcp a\v
k\mIm t\mv/ 1955)
\thmm\m\c bqtdmnemWv
bpnhmZw F t]cn hyhlcn
sSp BZi\ne]mSns XpSw.
bqtdmn B[p\nI ImeLn
Dmb imkv{X ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw X
zimkv{X IpgadnnepIfpsSbpw A
\c^eambmWv ssZh\ntj[ Nn
mKXn `qanbn cq]w sImXv F
AYne, CXv ]dbpXv. \ncoiz
cXzhpw `uXnIhmZhpw, Xobmbpw,
Xopw B[p\nIamb Hcp {]Xn`m
ka. {kmhns\ \ntj[npIbpw
{]]hpw {]IrXn {]Xn`mkfpw Po
hPmefpw bmZrOnIamsWv hniz
knpIbpw sNbv XpsImv a\pjy
ssZhnIamb hn[nhnepIsfmpw A
\pkcntXnspw acWm\c Po
hnXw Hcp anYybmsWpw kaYnm
{ianh Fm Imepapmbn
cpp. "XnpI, IpSnpI, cknpI,
canpI' FXn\pdv a\pjyPo
hnXn\v eysfmpan Fv hm
Znv aX aptmpshp [man
I \nb{WsXnsc Iem]sm
Sn Dbnb tIhe kpJhmZnIfm
Wtm, \ncoizchmZnI. Ah GXp
ImemWv, temIv CmXncpn
pXv! Acmv ]t, bpn
bpsS B\pIqeyw ]Xnp\Isn
cpn apImefnsempw. {Kokn
se FnIyqdnbam apX `mcXn
se NmhmIm hscbpbmfpI
v XosdgpXn \Isnnm "bp
nhmZn' F tahnemkw `uXnI
hmZnv e`np FXmWv B[p\nI
ImeLns khntijX.
{]]n\v Hcp {kmhpw a\p
jyPohnXn\v IrXyamb eyhpw
Dv FmWv bYmYn \psS
"bpn' t_m[ysSppXv. ssZh
\n tj [ ne pw a X \n tj [ ne pw
apkv X^m Xho
tIcfob bpnhmZns
]cmPbw: ]mThpw ]T\hpw
2013 HmKv 10
A[njv TnXamb Hcp NnmcoXnv
bpnhmZw F t]cv \IpXv,
AXn\m Xs, XnI hntcm[m`m
kamWv. B[p\nI ImeLnepm
b Ghpw henb XnpIfnsemmbn
cpp Cu \maIcWw. aXn\pw ssZ
hn\psaXnsc \nebpdnemWv bp
nbpsS Xm]cysa sXp[mcW
]pXpXeapdbpsS At_m[n ]Xn
phm AXphgn `uXnIhmZnIv
Ignp. bpnbmsWv IcpXn, G
hpw henb bpnhncpX PohnX
ntev sImph At\IamfpI
"bpnhmZnI' F t]cn tem
IpmbnoXs\bmWv .
bpnb, {]XypX bpnbpsS
sXmb hymJym\amWv Ccp]Xmw \q
mn bpnhmZw F t]cn \n
coizc`uXnIhmZmib {]Ncnm
\nanambsXv Ncn{Xw ]cntim
[nphsmw Ffpn t_m
[yamIpw. "atXXc B[p\nIX'bpsS
ASndbmbn hnXpXs hmkv
Xhn bpnbpsS Cu ZphymJym
\amWv. B[p\nIXbpsS klPamb
{]Xybimkv {Xambn `uXnIhmZw hne
bncpsXpw As\bmWv. CXn
s\mcp Ncn{X]mXeapv. imkv{Xw
hnhIcamwhn[w hnIknphXv B
[p\nI ImeLnemWv . ]Zmtem
Is kw_n ]T\amWtm im
kv {Xw. hkv Xp\njv Tamb ]coW \n
coW hgn {]]s a\n
emphm\p imkv{Xob ]cn{ia
fpsS hnhIcamb XpSw bqtdmn
kw`hnpXv Keoentbm Keoen
bneqsSbmWv. Atlns PohnXw
ss{Ikv Xh k`bpsS ]oU\fm c
]neambncppshv Fmhpw
Adnbmw. ss__n ssZhnI {Kam
sWv hnizknncp Itmenm k
`, im kv {Xo b am b A t\z j W
ss__nfns {]]hniZoIcWn
s ap\sbmSnpsav `bsv imkv
{XKthjWv hnets]Spn
bncp Ccp ImeLambncpp A
Xv. Keoentbmbpw {_qtWmbpaSap
At\Iw imkv {Xam CIzn
knj tImSXnhn[nIfpsS CcIfmbn
oXns k`w AXmbncpp.
k ` bp sS im k \ I tfm Sv sImp
tImpw t]mcmSnbpamWv bqtdmn
imkv{Xw hfXpw b{hIcW
hpw hymhkmbnI hnhhpw Dmb
Xpw. ]ptcmlnXaXns\Xncn bp
n t\Snb hnPbambncpp Xobm
bpw CXv. bqtdmnse km[mcW a\p
jycpsS PohnXn\v ]pXnb Xpdp
I \Inb Cu hnPbw, kzm`mhnI
ambpw Xzimkv{Xns cwKv
bpnbpsS henb BtLmjn\nS
bmn. Cu BtLmjnan \n
mWv \ncoizchmZw B[p\nIbpKn
Bbp[ kzoIcnXpw "bpn
hmZw' F ]pXnb Ipmbw Xbv]n
Xpw. cp ImcyfmWv imkv {XhnP
bns ]mXen \ncoizchm
ZnI {][m\ambpw kaYnm {i
anXv. B cpImcyfpw _meni
ambncppshXmWv hkvXpX. aXw
a\pjyhncpamsWXmbncpp Hm
atXv. AXn\p sXfnhmIs, I
tmenm k`bpsS Zpjv sNbv XnIfpw!
{InkvXpaXn\p ]pdp aXZi
\sf, hntijnpw Ckvvemans\, k
Xykambn A]{KYnm Ah k
abw IsnbtXbn. ssZhw im
kv{Xhncphpw bpnhncphpamsW
k`bpsS imk\ItfmSv sImptIm
pw t]mcmSnbpamWv bqtdmn
imkv{Xw hfXpw b{hIcW
hpw hymhkmbnI hnhhpw Dm
bXpw. ]ptcmlnXaXns\Xncn bp
n t\Snb hnPbambncpp Xo
bmbpw CXv. bqtdmnse km[mcW
a\pjycpsS PohnXn\v ]pXnb Xp
dpI \Inb Cu hnPbw, kzm
`mhnIambpw Xzimkv{Xns cw
Kv bpnbpsS henb BtLmj
n\nSbmn. Cu BtLmjna
n \nmWv \ncoizchmZw B[p
\nIbpKn Bbp[ kzoIcn
Xpw "bpnhmZw' F ]pXnb Ip
mbw Xbv ]nXpw.
2013 HmKv 11
Bibambncpp cmatXv. im
kv {Xob ]coW hgn ssZhs
ImWmt\m sXmSmt\m Bpw Ign
nnsv NqnmWnpsImmbn
cpp Cu {]Jym]\w! imkv{Xw ]Zm
YtemIspdnpam{Xw ]Tnphm
tijnbp Hcp hnm\imJbmsW
pw ]ZmYmXoX\mb {]]{km
hns\ sSenkv tImneqsStbm ssat{Im
kv tImneqsStbm ImWWsav hmin
]nSnpXv ip hnhctSmsWpw
D ASnm\ bpnt]mepw imkv
{Xw ssZhns\XncmsW hymP_
lfnSbn _emXvvkwKw sN
sp. Xopw Aamb cv Zp
hymJym\fn \nmWv B[p\nI
bpn hmZn s D`hw F v
Npcpw. bpnv e`n khkzo
ImcyXbpsS Acon bpn
hmZns hminI Xopw _men
iamsW hkvXpX A[nIamcpw {i
nn. As\bmWv bpnhmZw bq
tdmnepw Atacnbnepw Hcp ^mj
\mbn amdnbXv.
bpnhmZw F te_enep \n
coizchmZns XncXen\v Ghp
a[nIw DuPw ]IXv {]]hym
Jym\ cwKv k sFkIv \yq
(Cwv, 16421727) t\Snb hnPbfm
Wv. Ne\\nbafpw KpcpXzmIj
W knmhpaSw imkv{XNcn{X
nse hgnncnhpIfmbn amdnb A
Snm\ \yqtmWnb ]cnI]\I
hniZambpw KWnXimkv {X]cambpw
kannp Atlns \mz
d ^ntemk^nbpsS KWnXimkv{X
Xz (Philosopha Naturalis Principia
Mathematica) 1687 ]pdphXv t\c
s ]d "bpnbpsS BtLmj'n
\v Afh Bhnizmkw \Inb kw
`hambncpp. \yq \Snb Is
epI ssZhs Fstpam
bn sImncnppsh {]NcWw `u
XnIhmZnI temIpS\ofw iam
n, ]mhw \yq As\ hnizkn
ncpnsnepw! bYmYn, {]]
ns hyhm]nXXzw AXn\p]n
n Hcp Bkq{XIs\ BhiysSp
p F tIhe hkv XpXsb \ncmI
cnphm\pXIp bmsXmpw Atl
ns {]]\ncoWfnepmbn
cpn. ssPhtemIs koWX
IsfbmIs, Atlns knm
kv]inppXsbn. {]]
mXoX\mb {kmhns Akv XnXzw
\ntj[nphm \yqsW Iqp]nSnm
\p `uXnIhmZnIfpsS {iaw AXn
\mXs, ASnm\clnXambncp
p. Fm, a\pjybpnbpsS in
sb kw_n ]pXnsbmcp Bhn
izmkw imkv {Xcn \ndm I
gnp FXv {]nknnb aamn
bpsS hensbmcp khntijXbmbn
cpp. {]]w Hcp b{amsWpw
B b{ns Ne\\nba I
sspIgnpshpw {]]K
Xnsb a\pjy\v C\n ]qWambn hym
Jym\nm Ignbpw Fpap {]Jym
]\ {]nknnbbpsS hcnIn
Sbn Dmbncpp. CXns\bmWv \n
coizchmZnI BtLmjamnbXv . bp
nbpw imkv {Xhpw {]]s hym
Jym\nm am{Xw iamWv F
\yqWns \ncoWs s]menn
v imkv{Xns ]coW\mfnbn
sXfnbnsSmsXmsbpw sIpI
YIfmsWv kaYnphm\pw ssZhw,
]ctemIw XpSnb aX]cnI]\I
sf Isdnbm\pw \ncoizchmZnI ]
cn{ianp. ss[jWnI kXykX
XoscbnmsXbmWv bpnhmZnI
\yqs Cu AXnhmb\v apXn
Xv. "ssZhan' Fv imkv{Xw ]dbp
p F tXm Fs\sbnepw
krnsSppI am{Xambncpp Ah
cpsS eyw. \yq bYmYn
As\ sXfnbnnptm FXv
\yqtmWnb `uXnIns aesh
mnens\ AWsIn XSp\nn `u
XnIhmZIrjnmbp shw tiJcn
m\p {ia XpSpXvv ]Xns\
mw \qmns cmw ]IpXnbn ]m
co kn em Wv . ] c ky am bpw hy am bpw
\ncoizchmZw {]Jym]nphm\pw ka
nphm\pw k\mb B[p\nI bq
tdmnse BZys XzNnI F
v hntijnnsSp sU\nkv ZnsZ
tdm BWv sZmnsbpw \yqWn
sbpw NnIsf hnIknnv Ah c
pt]cpw Dtinnnm \ncoizchm
Zw IrXyambn kaYnphm\p {ia
hyhm]nXambn Bcw`nXv.
2013 HmKv 12
AhcpsS hnjbambncpn. ssZhw
krn {]]n\Is KWnX_
Ah Xs \Inb akv
XnjvIap]tbmKnv a\pjy\v \ncon
m IgnpshXv am{XamWv \yq
WneqsS kw`hnXv F aXhnizm
knIfpsS \ne]mSns\ hkvXp\njvT
ambn Jnm \yq knm
sfmpw Xs bpnhmZnIsf k
lmbnnn FXmWv t\cv. ]ZmY
sbpw {]]sbpw hymJym\np
hm\pap Ignhv a\pjyakv Xnjv In
\pv F hkvXpXbn \nv ]Zm
mXoX\pw {]]mXoX\pamb Hcp
{kmhn F knmw IpgnsSp
psXs\ F aXhnizmknIfp
sS tNmZys knmkpI
h gn hn kv ar X am p IbmWv Ah
sNbvXXv. "ssZhw acnncnpp' F
v NpacnsegpXnshm am{Xw "B
hnizmk'ap IYm]m{Xsf kr
nphm s{^UdnIv \oXv sjsbtm
ep Hcp _pnPohn ]sm]Xmw
\qmns Dcm[n k
\mbXns ss[jWnI ]mXew C
XmWv .
\yqtmWnb `uXnIns ae
shmnens\ AWsIn XSp
\nn `uXnIhmZIrjnmbp sh
w ti J cn m \p { i a
XpSpXvv ]Xns\mw \qmns c
mw ]IpXnbn ]mcoknemWv. ]c
kyambpw hyambpw \ncoizchmZw
{]Jym]nphm\pw kanphm\pw
k\mb B[p\nI bqtdmnse B
Zys XzNnI Fv hntijn
nsSp sU\nkv ZnsZtdm (Denis
Diderot, France, 1713 1784) BWv sZ
mnsbpw \yqWnsbpw Nn
Isf hnIknnv Ah cpt]cpw D
tinnnm \ncoizchmZw IrXyam
bn kaYnphm\p {ia hyh
m]nXambn Bcw`nXv.
(1)
ZnsZtdm
sbtmeph bpnNnv ssI
h ]pXnb {]mapJyns shfn
n ssZhs \ntj[nm \Sn
b ]cn{iafpsS A\p_w Xs
bmWv tUhnUv lyqans\t]mephcp
sS ({_n, 1711 1776) cN\Ifnepw
ImWm IgnbpXv. a\pjy\v {]]
s hymJym\nphm Ignbpsap]
dm AXnsbw Fm Imcy
sfpdnpw a\pjy\v Adnbm I
gnbpw FmsWpw ]ZmYs am
{Xta a\pjy\v A]{KYnm km[n
ppq F bmYmyw ]Zm
tXcamb bmsXmpw Xs bYm
n \ne\npn FmWv A
Xn\m Xs hyampsXpw
ssZhw Dsv ]dbph ssZhw G
XpXcw ]ZmYap]tbmKnmWv "\nan
sncnpXv' Fv hyamW
sapw [z\nnpXmWv lyqans
Dialogues concernign Natural
Religion (1789)
(2)
t]mep cN\I.
Adnhv `uXnIamsWpw `uXnI h
kv Xpsfpdnp am{Xta C{nb
hgn \apv Adnbm Ignbppq
shXv A`uXnI hkv Xpsfmpw
\ne\npn FXns sXfnhm
Wv Fpap "bpnhmZ m\im
kv {X'ns sskmnImSndI
lyqans cN\IfnemWv ImWm I
gnbpXv. `uXnIhkvXpsf am{Xta
C{nbv DsImm Ignbq F
]camYw C{nbfpsS ]cnanXn
sb am{XamWv kqNnnpXv F
AXoh efnXamb kXyw DsImm
t]mepw "m\imkv{X \nanXn' \
SpXn\nSv B[p\nI bpnhm
Zns ]nXmmv Ignn.
Xopw _menimibkamb Cu
m\imkv {XamWv bpnhmZns
Impw ImXepw FXn\npXs,
bpnhmZnse "bpn'bpsS Afhv
Bpw \nWbnm Ignbpw!
Adnhv `uXnIamsWpw `uXnI hkvXpsfpdn
pam{Xta C{nb hgn \apv Adnbm Ignbp
pqshXv A`uXnI hkvXpsfmpw \ne\n
p n F Xn s sX fn hm Wv F p ap "bp
nhmZ m\imkv{X'ns sskmnImSn
dI lyqans cN\IfnemWv ImWm Ignbp
Xv. `uXnIhkvXpsf am{Xta C{nbv D
sImm Ignbq F ]camYw C{nbfpsS ]
cnanXnsb am{XamWv kqNnnpXv F AXoh
efnXamb kXyw DsImmt]mepw, "m\im
kv{X \nanXn' \SpXn\nSv B[p\nI bpn
hmZns ]nXmmv Ignn. Xopw _m
enimibkamb Cu m\imkv {XamWv bp
nhmZns Impw ImXepw FXn\npX
s, bpnhmZnse "bpn'bpsS Afhv Bpw
\nWbnm Ignbpw!
2013 HmKv 13
]ZmtYXcamb bmsXmn\pw
Akv XnXzan F "m\imkv {Xhm
in'sb am{Xw ASnm\amn ssZh
\ntj[nbmIpXv, \yqtmWnb `u
XnIm\cap Xzimkv {X \ne]m
SpIfpsS shfnnembm t]mepw,
_meniamsWv BZyIme bpnNn
IpXs \nbapmbncpp
shmWv a\nemm IgnbpXv.
{]]hnimeXbpw {]IrXnbnse A
pXfpw kucyhpw hyhm]n
XXzhpw `qanbpsS khntijXIfpw Po
htemIs koWXIfpw {]]m
XoX\pw ]ZmmXoX\pamb Hcp B
kq{XI\ntev kwibmXoXambn hn
c Nqppv F kv]amb bm
Ymys bpnamlmXvvayw {]kw
KnpsImpam{Xw aqSnshm Ignbn
sXmbncpp AhcpsS Ghpw h
enb {]Xnkn. \yqsW D]tbmKn
v ssZhs \ntj[np GmSn
\v XpSw Ipdn ZnsZtdmhn\v t]mepw,
{]] hnkvabfn \Spp H
cp a\mnbpmbncppshmWv
Atlns cN\I ]cntim[np
tm a\nemm IgnbpXv. {]
]s krnXpw kwhn[m\nXpw
ssZhaspw adnv {]IrXn X
sbmsWpw kzbw Bkq{X
Ww sNm\pw {IaoIcnphm
\pap Ignhv AtNX\amb {]
IrXnpw ]Zmn\pw (kz
bw `qhmbns!) Dspap
ISp Ahnizmk
a\mhcnpsImmWv At
lw Xs \Spsf AXnPo
hnm {ianncpXv.
(3)
tXm
akv lIvvknensbtmep {]
JymXcmb bpnNnI, X
ssZhan Fv Ddnpw
Xdnpw ]dbp \ncoizchm
Zn I f (atheists), a dn v B
tmbhmZnI (agnosts) am{X
amsWv CmeLn hn
iZoIcnXpw CXnt\mSv tNv
hmbntXpv.
(4)
Nmkv tdm_v Umhns
({_n, 180982) Poh]cnWma
knmamWv (Evolution Theory)
\tS ]d {]Xnknsb t\
cnSm bpnhmZnIv Dup
hSnbmbXv. 1859 {]knoIcn
s Xs PohnhKfpsS D`
hw (Origin of species) F ]pkvXI
n \nPoh hkv Xpfn \nv bm
ZrOnIambmWv Poh F {]Xn`mkw
DSseSpXv Fpw GItImi Pohn
I ]e hn[ bmZrOnI ]cnWma
v hnt[bambtmgmWv a\pjy A
Sap koW PohnI `qapJv
{]XysXv Fpw Umhn A`n
{]mbsXv NqnmWnv "krn'bp
sS ApXw ad\onbncnppshpw
C\nsbmcp {kmhns Bhiyans
pw sImp]nSnv {]Ncnnphm
bpnhmZnI ]cn{ianp. Umhns
]pkvXIw aebmfntev hnh
\w sNbvXv {]knoIcnXpw hnXc
Ww sNbvXXpw bpnhmZnIfmWv (In-
dian Atheist Publishers) F hkv XpX
am{Xw IWnseSpm aXn, bpn
hmZnIv Umhnt\mSpmbno
ISmSns Bgadnbm. Bibka
\n\v hgnImWmsX apntmIm
\ncp bpnhmZen\v e`n G
hpw iamb \qcambncpp Um
hns knmw. Umhn hcpXp
hsc {]]sbpw PohPmesfbpw
NqnmWnpsImp "Chsb
s\bpmbn' F tNmZyw \ncoizchm
ZnIsf \mbn Ipgnbncppshv bp
nhmZn kmlnXyImcm Xs hy
amnbnpv.
(5)
sU\nkv ZnsZtdm ap
X tUhnUv lyqw hscbp Xz
NnIv \Im IgnbmXncp _
eamWv Umhn bpnhmZn\v \
InbXv Fw. ssZhhnizmkn
\pw, {]]n\pw a\pjyPohnXn
\pw Hcp eyaps "aXhmZ'n
\pw G "acW{]lcw' (death blow) B
Wv Umhns knmw F Im
amIv kns {]kv Xmh\
(6)
, Umhn \n
coizchmZnIv \Inb Bhnizm
kns Ncn{Xmyambn amdppv.
Pohnncnp \ncoizchmZnIfn G
hpw {]ikv X\pw bpnhmZns
Atmkv Xe\pw hnphogv Nbnm ]
cnWmahmZnbpamb dnmUv tUmn
kv , "ss[jWnIambn kwXr]v XnbS
Hcp \ncoizchmZnbmIm\p'
(7)
kml
Ncyw HcpnXv Umhn\msWv
]dbptmgpw Umhn\nkamWv bpn
hmZnIfpsS Xs hoWn A
hcpsS ssZh\ntj[ns Ghpw i
amb BibmSnd FmWv hy
amIpXv. Fm isav bpn
\ncoizchmZn\pmbn
cp Htcsbmcp "imkv{Xo
b' ]n_eambncp ]cn
Wm a hm Z n s i h a S
w \SpsImncnpI
bmWv Cv temIv. Um
hn\ptijw Pohimkv {Xw
At\IImX aptmp
t]mbnpw Umhns ]cn
anXamb AdnhpIfpsS X
S h d bn X s bm Wv C
pw ]mhw bpnhmZnI
. A h sc tem I v \ S
p ]pXnb sshm\n
I IpXnpI Imens
NhpIpbntev Xqs
dnbpXn ApXsSm
s\ncnpp?
2013 HmKv 14
hmZnI kzbw hnizknp Cu "B
ibmSnd' AXoh Zp_eamsWv
XpSn Xs hyambncpp.
ssPhtemIns Bhn`mhw ]cn
WmaneqsS hniZoIcnsm t]m
epw {]hnimeamb AtNX\ {]]
ns Bkq{XI\mcv F tNmZyw
_mn InSpp FXv XsbmWv
Hmas {]iv\w. PohnhKfpsS
D`hamIs, sImntLmjns
Xpt]mse hniZoIcnm Umhn\v
IgnnXm\pw. \nPoh hkv Xp
fn \nv bmZrOnIambn Poh DS
seSppsh tIhe AhImihmZw
DbnpI am{XamWv Umhn sNbv
XXv. Xs ]pkvXIn AXv hkv
Xp\njv Tambn sXfnbnm Atln
\v Ignnn. t^mkn sXfnhpI
fp]tbmKnv ]cnWmahrw \nanm
saXv Umhns tIheamb Hcp {]
Xo am{Xambncpp. Hcp PohnhK
ns t]mepw ]cnWmaNcn{Xw hni
ZoIcnmt\m sXfnbnmt\m Umhn
\v km[nn. PohnhKfpsS D`
hw hniZoIcnphm DXIp BI
jIamb Hcp `mh\ aptmpshp
I am{XamWv Umhn sNbvXXv Fv
GXv Pohimkv {X\pw ]dpXcpw.
sXfnbnsnnm Hcp knm
ap]tbmKnv ssZhs sImm ]pd
sSpIbmWv bpnhmZnI sNbv XXv .
Nnmtijnbpw Akv XnXzkzmX{yhp
ap a\pjys\tmsemcp khntij
Pohn, Aamb ]cnWmaN{Iw Ipc
s hmepapdntm DSseSp H
cp ]Zmwkwbpw am{XamsWv
sXfnhpIsfmpanm Hcp knm
nsbSnm\n hnizknphm
am{Xw _pniq\ycmWv Xsfv,
bpnhmZnI HSw sXfnbnp. "bp
nhmZnI' F t]cv B[p\nI \n
coizchmZnIv Fpam{Xw A\\p
tbmPyamsWv a\nemphm, A
hcpsS ]cnWmamhnizmktmfw \
smcp kqNIan FXmWv t\cv . sXm
qdpIfpsS XpSn {]ikv X `u
Xn I im kv {X t]m tU hn kv
(Paul Davies) NqnmWnXpt]mse,
a \p jya kv Xn jv I n s Ap
XIcamb _pnssh`hw eyclnX
hpw bmZrOnIhpamb Iptd ]Zm
kwtbmP\fpsS Dt]m]amI
bmsXmcp hgnbpansv
(8)
GsXmcp km
[mcWmc\pw Ffpn a\nem
Ipw. ]cnWmaknmw imkv{Xn
s apJwaqSnbp Hcp sIpIY am{X
amsWv Umhn\ptijap ]Xnm
pIfn IqSpX IqSpX hyam
bn. Hcphiv Poh F {]Xn`mk
hpw PohPmefpw Umhn IcpXnb
Xnt\m F{Xtbm koWamsW
pw Ah bmZrnIambn cq]wsImm
bmsXmcp km[yXbpanspw ]T\
hyamnsmncpp. adph
iv, ]cnWmaw \Snnsv hy
amp sXfn hp I fp sS { ]fbw
]cnWmahmZnIsf apns m p
nXnhntijapmbn. kthm]cn,
a\pjymkv XnXzns khntijXI
]cnWmans Hcp "bmZrnIX'pw
hgp Xsv iambn Nq
nmWnsp. \nco izchmZ n
\pmbncp Htcsbmcp "imkv{Xob'
]n_eambncp ]cnWmahmZns
ihaSw \SpsImncnpIbmWv ,
As\ Cv temIv . Umhn\ptijw
Pohimkv {Xw At\ IImX ap
tmpt]mbnpw Umhns ]cnanXamb
AdnhpIfpsS XShdbn XsbmWv
Cpw ]mhw bpnhmZnI. Ahsc
temIv \Sp ]pXnb sshm
\nI IpXnpI Imens Nhp
Ipbntev XqsdnbpXn Ap
XsSms\ncnpp?
a\pjy `uXnIamb Xm]cy am{X
ap tIhesamcp "Pp' am{XamWv F
bpnhmZnIfpsS AhImihmZw AwKoI
cnpsImSpm kzw PohnXm\p`hfp
sS shfnn a\pjympw Ignbp
ambncpn. Bobamb Zmlhpw At\z
jWfpw am\hNcn{XnepS\ofw \ne\n
Xv FpsImmWv F tNmZyn\p ap
n bpnhmZw ]Ip\np. Fmes
bpw `uXnIhmZnIfpsS Ddw sISpnbn
p {]kvXpX tNmZyn\v hniZambn adp
]Sn ]dbm {iannp B[p\nI `uXnI
hmZn amIvkv BWv. \ncoizchmZns h
fv amIvkv \Inbnp Ghpw au
enIamb kw`mh\bpw bYmYn B a
dp]SnbmWv .
2013 HmKv 15
bYmYn, ]cnWmahmZw a\p
jys\ CltemIPohnXn\pdt
v \ofp eysfmpanm H
cp "Pp' am{Xambn ]cnanXsSpp
pshXv XsbmWv bpnhmZnI
sf Umhn\ntev BIjnXv. ]c
amh[n `npIbpw t`mKnpIbpw
kpJnpIbpw sNbv Xv acnpaSnp
t]mhpI am{XamWv a\pjyPohnXn
s Zu Xy sa v k a Yn p I bm Wv
`uXnIhmZ Zi\sfmw sNp
Xv. ssZhsbpw acWm\c PohnX
sbpw \ntj[nphm Ah Hcps
SpXpt]mepw kpJmkzmZ\w am{Xam
Wv PohnXns eysav kan
phm\mWv. ssZhw DmIpXnt\m
S, ssZhnIamb hn[nhnepI A
\pkcnv PohnpXnt\mSmbncpp
XpSw apX Xs bpnhmZnIfp
sS FXnv. hn[nhnepIfn \nv
csSm thnbmWv Ah ssZh
s "sImesSpm\p' Bbp[
XncbpXv. Nne Imcy \bm
sWpw AXn\mXs Ah A\p
jv TnWsapw apNne Imcy Xn
bmsWpw AXn\m Ahbn \n
v hnp\nWsapap aX]cam
b A\pimk\ A\nb{nXamb
kpJPohnXs XSsSpppsh
Xncndnhn \nmWv aXtmSpw
ssZhtmSpap bpnhmZns
IpSnI cq]sSpXv F hkvXpX
bpsS shfnn IqSnbmWv Umhn
bpnhmZnIv sNbv X "tkh
\'ns hne \mw aXntXv. F
m, a\pjy `uXnIamb Xm]
cy am{Xap tIhesamcp Pp
am{XamWv F bpnhmZnIfpsS A
hImihmZw AwKoIcnpsImSpm
kzw PohnXm\p`hfpsS shfn
n a\pjympw Ignbpambn
cpn. Bobamb Zmlhpw At\z
jWfpw am\hNcn{XnepS\ofw
\ne\nXv FpsImmWv F tNm
Zyn\p apn bpnhmZw ]Ip
\np. Fmesbpw `uXnIhmZnI
fpsS Ddw sISpnbnp {]kv Xp
X tNmZyn\v hniZambn adp]Sn ]d
bm {iannp B[p\nI `uXnI
hmZn amIvkv BWv. \ncoizchmZn
s hfv amIvkv \Inbnp
Ghpw auenIamb kw`mh\bpw b
YmYn B adp]SnbmWv. kmaqln
I {]Xn`mksfmw Xs kaql
n \ne\np kmnI L
S\bpsS {]Xn^e\fmWv FmWv
amIv kv hmZnXv. ^yqUenktam ap
Xemfntam Bbncpp amIvkns
Imes bqtdmnse kzm`mhnI km
nI LS\I. bYm{Iaw `q{]`p
m IpSnbmmscbpw apXemfnam
sXmgnemfnIsfbpw NqjWw sNbvXp
h D]cyp kmnI LS\Ifp
sS Dt]m]sa \nemWv aXw
\ne\npXv Fv amIv kv \nco
np. IptdIqSn hyambn ]dm
, NqjnX Iem]ns\mcpmXncn
m thn, "CXv \nfpsS hn[nbm
Wv, anpI, klnpI, ]ctemI
amWv bYmY PohnXw' Fv Ahsc
]dp ]Tnn NqjIcpsS Bh
iyambncpp. {]kv XpX ]Tnn F
fpn \Sm thn _qjzm Nq
jI hKw \nansSp {]Xybim
kv {X D]IcWfmWv aXssZh hn
izmk FmWv amIvkv kqNnn
Xv . NqjWfpsS \pIw t]dp sXm
gnemfnv a\kam[m\hpw Bizmk
hpw Bhiyapv. AXv Ah\v aXn
\nv e`npp. Fm CXv an
a\pjys Nnmioes A]am\npIbpw tIh
esamcp arKns \nehmcntev Ahs\ Xmgv
nspIbpw sNbvXpsImv amIvkv aXn\v \
Inb kmaqlyimkv{XhniZoIcWw `uXnIhmZn
InSbn h kzoImcyX t\Sn. a\pjybpnbp
sS alXzn \nv ham\fmcw`n bpn
hmZnI, a\pjy XnpXns\pdnv am{XamWv
NnnpsXpw bpnbp]tbmKnp Zmi\n
I ]cymtemN\I Ahs ioeaspw amIvkn
s\ Dcnv "kanptStv' Imcy sN
snbXv Fpam{Xw `oIca! Dm\pw DSpm
\pw Innbm XocpXmWv a\pjys {]iv\sapw
AtXmSpIqSn Xs AkvXnXzs kw_n At\z
jW Ah Ahkm\nnpsapw IcpXp
Xnt\m henb hnUvVnw thsdbpmIptam?
2013 HmKv 16
Yybmb BizmkamWv . apXemfnsXn
scbp Iem]w hgn t\SnsbSpt
kmm Bizmkn \nv Ah
s\ Fstpambn XSbpIbmWv a
Xw F Idpv sNpXv Cs\
t]mIpp amIvkns hniZoIcWw.
Npcpn, a\pjy tIhe ]Zm
hpw Hcpb Pphpw am{XamWv.
`Ww, ssewKnIX, ]mnSw apX
emb PpklPamb Bhiy am
{XamWv Ah\pXv. Ah\n Bm
hv Fsmcp {]Xn`mkan. AXn\m
Xs Ah\v Bobamb Bhiy
fpan. Bobamb hnipXpsIm
, `uXnI hn`h e`nm
Xnep kSw adm\mWv Ah a
Xns "k]'temItv Dufn
bnSpXv Fv amIvkv hmZnp. C
csamcp Zmi\nI `qanIbn Xs a
XhniIe\ns ASndI Ddn
XpsImpXs, aXs Fs\
CmXmWsa tNmZyn\v amIvv
kns In IrXyamb Dcapm
bncpp hnhw hgn F Dcw!
sXmgnemfnI kwLSnv apXemfnamsc
Dqe\w sNpIbpw "\oXn\njvTamb'
sXmgnemfnhKkhm[n]Xyw \nehn
hcppIbpw sNbvXm NqjW
Ahkm\npIbpw `uXnIhn`h
Fmhpw Xpeyambn e`npI
bpw sNpw. Atm ]ns Bpw
kSfpmhpIbn. kSw Xot
Imcyanmtm aXw kzm`mhn
Iambpw sImgnpt]mIpw. apXemfn
kmaqly{Ias Anadnv \Sp
IyqWnkv v hnhw hgn \nehn
hcnI Hcp aXclnX kaqlambncn
psav amIvkv {]hNnXv Cu {]
XoIfpsSbSnm\nemWv.
(9)
bYmYn FmWv aXw? a\p
jy FhnsS \nphcpp Fpw F
tmv t]mIpp Fpap ASnm
\ Zmi\nI{]iv \v Dcw \
IpIbpw XZSnm\n `qanbnse
a\pjys ZuXyw \nWbnpIbpam
Wv aXw sNpXv. a\pjy ssZh
ns khntij krnbmsWpw A
hs PohnXn\v acWm\cw ]c
temIn imizXamb XpSbps
pw ]ctemI PohnXnse hnPbn
\v CltemIv Xs knnssh`h
apgph \ sNm\mbn D]tbm
KnWsapw a\pjy sNt \
I CbnsXmsbmsWpw \
s AdnbnpIbmWv aXw sNp
Xv. a\pjys Akv XnXzhymIpeXI
dpXn hcpn Xm BcmsWpw
Fn\msWpw Ahs\ ]TnnpI
bmWv aXw sNpXv FYw. hnin
jym, acWn\ptijw FmWv F
a\pjya\ns\ Fmehpw aYn
np tNmZyn\v IrXyamb Dcw
\IpIbmWv aXw sNpXv. amIv
kv sNbvXXv, a\pjya\n Cu Zm
i\nImt\zjWsfmpan Fv hm
ZnpIbmWv. Dm\pw DSpm\pw In
nbm XocpXmWv a\pjys {]iv
\sapw AtXmSpIqSn Xs AkvXn
Xzs kw_n At\zjW a
\pjy Ahkm\nnpsapw Icp
XpXnt\m henb hnUv Vnw th
sdbpmIptam? ]Ww Innbm Xocp
XmWv acWm\cPohnXspdn
p B[nI Fv ]dbph ]
WmcpsS Bob s\tmsf F
s\bmWv hniZoIcnpI? a\pjy
s Nnmioes C{Xtmfw A]
am\npIbpw tIhesamcp arKns
\nehmcntev Ahs\ Xmgv ns
pIbpw sNbvXpsImv amIvkv aX
n\v \Inb Cu kmaqlyimkv{X
hniZoIcWw ]t, `uXnIhmZnI
nSbn h kzoImcyX t\Sn. a\p
jybpnbpsS alXzn \nv h
am\fmcw`n bpnhmZnI, a
\pjy XnpXns\pdnv am{Xam
Wv NnnpsXpw bpnbp]tbm
Knp Zmi\nI ]cymtemN\I A
hs ioeaspw amIvkns\ D
cnv "kaYnptStv' Imcy
BZyw PmXnhncp kacfpsS ]mXen
epw ]noSv amIvknkns hftbmS\p
_npw Ahkm\w kzX{ bpnhmZn
sbpw lyqa\nkvv lnn XcwKnsbpw A
ISn tkhnpamWv B[p\nI ]mmXy \n
coizchmZw ISISv aebmfn _pnPohnI
nSbnsenbXv. hnhhpw `qanbnse "kz
K'm]\hpw AXphgnbp aXns "kzm
`mhnI acWhpw' Ipd Imen\pn tI
cfn kw`hnpsav Xsbmbncpp XpS
n ChnSps `uXnIhmZnIfpsS IWp
q. aXclnX kaqlns krn F
kz]v \w kmmIrXamb tkmhnbv bqWn
b Fsmcp \mSv temIv \nehn hnp
s [mcWbpw Ahv DuPw ]Ip.
2013 HmKv 17
sNsnbXv Fpam{Xw `oIca
!
bpnhmZw F hymPte_en
\appapn {]XysSp B[p
\nI \ncoizchmZns sskmn
ImSndI Xmsg ]dbp aqs
amsWv hyamm\mWv \thmm
\m\c bptdmn \nv XpSp
bpnhmZ Ncn{Xnse hgnncnhp
Isf kmam\yambn apIfn kwt
]nXv:
1. \yqtmWnb ^nknIv kns t\
sf ZphymJym\npsImv imkv
{Xn\pw bpnpw C{nbpw
]cnanXnIfnsv hmZnpIbpw ]Zm
w am{XamWv hkvXpX Fv hniz
kn p I bpw sN bv Xv ssZ h s \n
tj[n sU\nkv ZnsZtdm, tUhnUv
lyqw XpSnb BZyIme bpnhmZn
IfpsS "m\imkv {X kao]\w' (Epis-
temological Approach).
2. Pohsbpw PohnhKfpsSbpw
D]n {kmhns CSs]S IqSm
sX kw`hnpsav hmZnp, sXfn
hpIsfmpanm, Umhn\nb ]
cnWmaknms Aambn AwKo
Icnv AtNX\ {]]n\Sw {k
mhv Bhiyan F \ne]mSv Db
nnSnp "Pohimkv{X kao]\w'
(Biological Approach).
3. a\pjy ]ZmfpsS tIh
e kwbphpw Hcpb Pphpw am
{XamsWpw Ah bmsXmcphn[ Zm
i \n Im t\z j W fpw \ S p
nspw Ah\pXv PpklPam
b `uXnImhiy am{XamsWpw
`uXnI hn`h Bhiyn\v In
msX hcptm DmIp a\kwL
js AXnPohnm Ah Is
nb Ipdpphgn am{XamWv ssZhhn
izmksapw hniZoIcnp amIv kn
kv pIfpsS "kmaqlyimkv {X kao]\w'
(Sociological Approach).
ssZh\ntj[w kanm th
n bpnhmZnI kzoIcnp Cu
aqv kao]\fpw AXoh _meni
hpw Zp_ehpambnpw bpnhmZn
\v AXns tahnemkw \ne\nm
IgnXv bpnbpsS {]mamWnI
Xsb DbnnSn Hcp ImeLn
s HuZmcynemWv. bpnhncp
amb Cu aqv kao]\sf Xcwt]m
se D]tbmKnpw ]etmgpw kwtbm
Pnnpw BtKmfXen Xs "bp
nhmZnI' iamb \ncoizchmZ {]
NcWn hym]rXcmb Ccp]Xmw \q
mns BZy ZiIfnemWv tIcf
nepw AXns AesbmenIfpmIp
Xv. BZyw PmXnhncp kacfpsS
]mXenepw ]noSv amIvknk
ns hftbmS\p_npw Ah
km\w kzX{ bpnhmZnsbpw
lyqa\nkv v lnn XcwKnsbpw A
ISn tkhnpamWv B[p\nI ]mm
Xy \ncoizchmZw ISISv aebm
fn _pnPohnInSbnsenbXv . Pm
Xnhncp Iogmf aptns ]m
Xen lnpaXhnai\ns
bpw Dcae_mdnse lnp kaql
n\nSbnse IyqWnv hfbpsS
bpw DuPambn kzmX{y]qhImeL
n \ne\n \ncoizcmib
s]mXphn taXnse _pnPohnI
sf am{XamWv t\pt\sc kzm[o\n
Xv. s]mXpP\at[y aXs ISm
{IanpXn\p]Icw sXmgnemfn hn
hw bmYmYyamm thn A[zm\n
v aXn\v kzm`mhnI "acWi' H
cppI F IayqWnv "kv {SmPn'
C.Fw.Fkns\tmeph kzoIcn
XpsImmWv Cs\ kw`hnXv. ap
1931 hw auehn Bcw`n Zo]nI aebmf
amknI, "kmlnXyw, imkv {Xw, Ncn{Xw' XpS
nbhsb {]Xn]mZyamn "AapkvvenwIv
Ckvvemw aXs kw_np sXp[mcW
Isf AIpI'bpw "\mkvXnI _pnbpsS {]
Nmcs FXnpI'bpw "Zo]nIbpsS {][m
t\mtiyfn' s]XmsWv Hmw e
nse {]kvXmh\bn Xs hyamnb
Xv bpnhmZtmSv ss[jWnIambn sImp
tImm tIcfob apkvv enw ]nXm sIm
tfmWnb ImeLn Xs ImWn D
mlsbmWv shfnsSppXv. tIcfn
se bpnhmZnI ktlmZc, anXhmZn, bp
nhmZn XpSnb ]{XfneqsS s]mXpkaq
lhpambn kwhZnm\mcw`n ImeLn ]pdndnb Zo]nI, DXam
b kwhmZaqey ]menpsImv bpnbpsSbpw imkv{Xnsbpw Xs
shfnn \mkvXnINnsb JnpIbpw Ckvvemans APX m]n
pIbpamWv Hmtcm enepw sNbvXncpXv.
2013 HmKv 18
pXpIfn a{Zmkn \nv C.Fw.F
kns ]{Xm[n]Xyn ]pdndn
bncp {]`mXw t]mep aebmf CS
Xp] {]knoIcW hmbnp
hv Cmcyw Ffpn t_m
[yamIpw. hnhhpw `qanbnse "kz
K'm]\hpw AXphgnbp aXn
s "kzm`mhnI acWhpw' Ipd Im
en\pn tIcfn kw`hnp
sav Xsbmbncpp As `u
XnIhmZnIfpsS IWpq. BtKm
fXen \ncoizchmZw Av Ah
Imisncp Xzimkv {X tass
Ahcn \nd Bhnizmkw A{X
hepXmbncppshv ]dbpXmbncn
pw IqSpX icn. AXn\p]pdsa, a
XclnX kaqlns krn F kz
]v \w kmmIrXamb tkmhnbv bq
Wnb Fsmcp \mSv temIv \ne
hn hnps [mcWbpw Ah
v DuPw ]Ip. temIw apgph
Hcp tkmhnbv bqWnb\mbn amdp
Imen\pthn ]WnsbSppIbmbn
cpp Ah. Iqcnse Fcnbp
sSbpw Ccnqdnsbpw t]cpI sXm
mbncn \m]XpIfn bYm{Iaw
men{KmUpw tamkv tImbpambn amdn
bXnsbpw, "tkmhnbv F \mSns\
pdnv Rm tInpv, AhnsS t]m
Im Rm\m{Klnpp' F A
ap hcnIsImv Bcw`np "\m
WnbpsS Nn' t]mep IyqWnkv
v Km\ AmeLn Iq
cnse km[mcWmnSbn hym]
IambXnsbpw
(10)
] m X ew CXmbn
cpp. tIhe bpnhmZnIsftmse
t\pt\sc aXtmSv t]mcmSpXn
\p]Icw aX\njv Imk\n\mhiyam
b kmlNcysamcpm\p Hfnbp
ambncpp t\XrXzns AP F
XpsImpXs, aX]mXeap
BNmcsftmepw hnhw eyam
nbp Bib{]NcWn\mbn D]
tbmKnm t\XrXzw kambn. Hm
Xpepw ]qcfnbpw apX sX
mw hsc "IyqWnv' Iemcq]
fmbn \m]XpIfn ]cnWanXn\v
(11)
Ncn{Xw kmn\nppv. aXt_m
[w t\]nm\pw `uXnIhmZs sXm
gnemfnIfpsS akvXnjvIfn {]Xn
jvTnphm\pap Cu IyqWnv ]
cn{ia, Dc ae_mdnse lnp
nSbn Hcp ]cn[nhsc hnPbn
pshpXsbmWv tcJI hy
ampXv. temIw apgph aXs D
t]npIbpw "bpnNn'bntev
NphSpamdpIbpw sNpIbmsWpw
sImptIcfs Ncn{X]camb B ]
cnWman temIns IqsS \S
pXv XfmsWpw hnNmcnv sN
smSn ]nSnp\S C.Fw.Fknsbpw
kl{]hIcptSbpw AmeL
nse Bljw \apnv Duln
m IgnbpXnt\m F{Xtbm h
epXmbncpncnWw.
A]XpIfpsS XpSnemWv I
yqWnv \ncoizc NnI tIcfn
se apkvvenw kapZmbs t\cnv A
`nkwt_m[\ sNm {ianpXv. D
c ae_mdnse lnpsfsbt]m
se Ingt\d\mnse amnfamsc am
Iv knkv v v aX\ncmkntev \bnp
I FXmbncpp IayqWnpIfpsS
]Xn. IyqWnkns "BtKmf hn
Pbn\p' aptmSnbmbn Gd\mSpw Np
IyqWnv \ncoizchmZns apkvvenw k
apZmbntep ISpIbn\p th
n tUm. Fw. Dkvvam kmln_v \Snb
]cn{iasf ]cmPbsSppXn G
hpw iamb ]phlnXv sI. kn. A_q
_ auehn F Ckzv emlo ]nX
\mWv. Ipnpdv Nmen A_q_ F
Hu]NmcnI hnZym`ymkw Gsdsbmpw t\
Snbnnm Ipdnb \mn]pdpImc
Xs bphXzw `uXnIhmZns\Xnscbp
ss[jWnI t]mcmn\v XosdgpXnsmSp
p. \neq Fw.F. temUvPns apI
\nebnse sNdnb apdnbnepw Imbv kvIqfn
\v kao]w PwCXp apPmlnZos DSa
Xbnepmbncp sNdnb honepw G
ImInbmbn Xmaknv B a\pjy \Sn
b Hbm t]mcmamWv Ingt\d\mnse IyqWnv kz]v\fpsS NndIcn
Xvv. Atlw \ncnb hmZKXnIv adp]Sn ]dbm tUm. Fw. Dkvvam
kmln_Sap As `uXnIhmZnIv Ignn.
2013 HmKv 19
hWnbpsa {]Xymi kncIfn \n
dpsImmWv Nmenbmdns Hmcfn
{]Xybimkv{Xbpn\v amIv
knpI Aw IpdnXv. amnf I
jIcpsS kmnI {]iv\ A
Xn\vv ]mXesamcppsapw Ah
{]Xonp. Fm {]Xonm
Xcnep BZi{]Xntcm[w \nco
izc NnIfpsS ISpIbns\Xn
sc As apkvenw t\XrXzn
\npmIpXmWv IyqWnkv pI
v ImtWnhXv. CXn\v Hcp ]m
Xeapmbncpp. ]mmXy bpnNn
bpambp kw tIcfnse
B[p\nI apkvenw \thmm\ \mb
Iv thpthmfapmbncpp. im
kv{Xhpw bpnbpw FmWv, Ah
ssIhcn t\ FsmsbmWv,
bpnhmZw Fs\bmWv Ahsb Zp
hymJym\npXv Fo Imcy
IrXyambn XncndnbpIbpw Hcp ]ptcm
lnXaXambXpsImmWv {Inkv XpaX
n\v bpnhmZn\v apn apphn
dsXpw Znhyshfn]mSpIfpsS ASn
dbp Ckvvemw GXv B[p\nI Nn
mthentbsbpw AXnPohnpsa
pw ]c hmb\bneqsS ASnbpdv
t_m[ysSpIbpw sNbvXpsImmWv
apkvv enw \thmm\ {]m\w Ccp
]Xmw \qmns XpSn tIcf
n cq]wsImXv. tIcfnse bp
nhmZnIfpw amIvknv aX\ncmk
ns hmfpw \ncoizchmZnIfp
sS ]pkvXIfpw NnIfpw apkvvenw
kapZmbntev sImphpsImSp
m XpSpXn\p appXs, A
hbneqsS ISpt]mhpIbpw Ahbp
sS _meniX t_m[ysSpIbpw sN
bvXhcmbncpp apkvenw \thmm\
n\v _oPmhm]w \Inb aebmfn
apkvvenw _pnPohnI. 1931 (aebm
f hjw 1106 [\p amkw) tIcfob ap
kvv enw \thmm\ns ]nXmhmbdn
bsSp hw aplZv Ap Izm
Zn auehn (18731932) Bcw`n Zo]n
I aebmf amknI, "kmlnXyw, imkv
{Xw, Ncn{Xw' XpSnbhsb {]Xn]m
Zyamn "AapkvvenwIv Ckvvemw a
Xs kw_np sXp[mcWI
sf AIpI'bpw "\mkv XnI _pnbp
sS {]Nmcs FXnpI'bpw "Zo]n
IbpsS {][mt\mtiyfn' s]Xm
sWv Hmw ense {]kvXmh\
bn Xs hyamnbXv bpnhm
ZtmSv ss[jWnIambn sImptIm
m tIcfob apkvvenw ]nXm
sImtfmWnb ImeLn Xs
ImWn DmlsbmWv shfnsSp
pXv.
(12)
tIcfnse bpnhmZn
I kwLSnXambn {]h\amcw`n
pIbpw ktlmZc, anXhmZn, bpn
hmZn XpSnb ]{XfneqsS s]mXp
kaqlhpambn kwhZnpIbpw sNm
\mcw`n ImeLn ]pdndn
b Zo]nI, sshImcnIambn {]XnIcn
pItbm bpnhmZnIsf _lnjv I
cnm\mlzm\w sNpItbm aXhnizm
ks HchImisa \nev {]Xn
tcm[npItbm sNpXn\p]Icw D
Xamb kwhmZaqey ]menpsIm
v bpnbpsSbpw imkv {Xnsbpw
Xs shfnn \mkv XnINnsb
JnpIbpw Ckvvemans APX
m]npIbpamWv Hmtcm enepw
sNbvXncpXv. amknIbpsS Hmw e
n F. aplZv Iv FgpXnb
"\mkv XnIhmZnItfmSv ' F teJ\n
Cs\ hmbnmw: "tIcfnepw
\mkv XnIaXns AeI hSnp
XpSnbncnp ImeamWtm CXv.
Cu aXns {]NcWmw, hyn
KXamb {ia Ignv , Ctm kw
LS\m]camb tPmenI Xs tIc
n Bcw`nncnpIbmWv . GXm\pw
]{X, aXtfmSpw ssZhtmSpw
t]mhnfn XpSnbnv Imew Gsdbm
bn. Ctm CXm bpnhmZkwLw
F t]cn Hcp kwLS\ Xs B
I yq Wn kv p
IfpsS B`nap
Jy n \ S
\ncoizcmi
b {]NcWn
s\ Xn sc sXm
m bn c n b
] Xp I fn
tIcfnse ap
kvvenw ]nX
m bpn_
p c am bn \ S
nb BZi
kacns G
hpw henb hn
Pbfnsemv tUm. Fw. Dkvvam kmln_ns a
\]cnh\ambncpp. ssZhsbpw acWm\
c PohnXsbpw [mytmsS \ntj[nv a\p
jyPs AclnXambn Nn{XoIcnp `u
XnIhmZ Zi\sXnsc ]noSp PohnXw
apgph tUm [ocambn t]mcmSn. `uXnIhmZnbm
bn At\Ihj PohnpIbpw `uXnIhmZ{]
NcWn\mbp ss[jWnI A[zm\fn \nc
X\mhpIbpw sNbvX Hcm F \nebn Atl
ns `uXnIhmZhnai\v thdn Hcp Po
h\pw auenIXbpapmbncpp.
2013 HmKv 20
hn`hnncnpp. Atbm \mkv Xn
IhmZnIfmb ktlmZcmtc! \n
{]mtbW bpnsb ap\nn kw
kmcnpIbpw {]hnpIbpw sN
bvXpImWpXn F\nv hfsc k
tmjapv ....Bkv XnIaXs Jn
pIbpw \mkvXnIm`n{]mbs hy]
tZiw sNpIbpw sNp an ]e
bpnIfpaSnb teJ\ \n
fn Nne "ktlmZc', "anXhmZn' ap
Xemb ]{Xfnepw Ctm CXm bp
nhmZnbnepw FgpXmdptm. kXym
t\zjWn \n X]ccmsW
pw ]dbmdpv. AXn\m \nfpsS
hmZv FXncmb Nne \ymb
fpw bpnIfpw IqSn tIphm \n
ktmjaphcmbncnpsapX
sbmWv Fs hnizmkw.'
(13)
Xs te
J\w bpnhmZnv t\pt\sc A
bpsImSpncppshnepw {]kno
IcnmsX XncnbpIbmWv sNbv X
sXpw teJI ]dbppv.
(14)
C
kvv emapw bpnhmZhpw Xn Xpd
kwhmZ \Sm, bpnhmZ
ambncnpw ]cmPbsSpI F Dd
t_m[yw ]T\KthjW hgn ssI
hhcmbncpp hw auehnbpw in
jymcpw Fv CsXmw hyamp
pv.
tIcfnse apkvvenw \thmm\
ns hgn CXmbncppshXpsIm
pXs, IyqWnvv \ncoizc Nn
A[n\nthi{iafmcw`nbpS Xs
\thmm\ ]cn{iafn hym]rXcm
b ]nXmcn \nv sNdpp\n
]pmbXv kzm`mhnIambncpp. \n
eq tImhneIn \nv hnh{]
m\ns Nph tKmZbntev C
dnh Ippp Xms km
nI klmbtmsS kJmhv Ip
menbpsS t\XrXzn BWv I
yqWnv {]h\w Gd\mn k
PohamIpXv. Gd\mn \np B
Zys apkvvenw tUm F \nebn
{ipXnsncp AcotmpImc
tUm. Fw. Dkv v am kmln_v (19241999)
Bbncpp apkv v enwInSbnse Iyq
Wnkvv Bib{]NmcWn\v _pn
]camb t\XrXzw \InbXv.
(15)
ssh
cp[ym[njvTnX `uXnIhmZhpw \ncoiz
cbpnNnbpw t\pt\sc {]Ncn
npsImv Nne k`fnepw, an
tmgpw IyqWnkvv apKW\m{I
aw A\pimknpwhn[w kmnI Nq
jWsXncmb `uXnIhmZ hn
hn\pthn kwkmcnv kapZmbn
s aXhnizmkw t\]nm {ianpw
BWv tUm A]XpIfnse Xs
CSXp ss[jWnI PohnXw kPoham
nbXv. kmnI \oXn \nehn h
cm\mhiyamb \ntZi Ckvveman
Xsbpspw, IyqWnv n
XnkaXzk]w {]IrXnhncpamsW
pw, "tkmhnbv kzKw' F Iyq
Wnkvv {]NcWw \pWbmsWpw, I
yqWnkns ASndbmb ssh
cp[ym[njv TnX `uXnIhmZw ip \n
coizchmZamsWpw, aXs Hcp ab
pacpmbmWv IyqWnkw ImWp
Xv Fpw, ssZhhpw aXhpw imkv {X
n\pw bpnpw hncpamsW {]
NmcWw ASnm\clnXamsWpw,
Fgp]XpIfpsS Ahkm\tm
sS bp n hm Zn I fp sS t\ Xr Xz
n IzpB hnai\fpw
\_nhnai\fpw tIcfn
kPohambn. Cu hnai\fp
sS H tc I tZ i km I ey am Wv
1982 ]pdndnb CSadpIn
s IzpB Hcp hnai\ ]T
\w F ]pkvXInepXv. am
Ivknkvv `uXnIhmZnIfpw bp
nhmZnIfpsS IzpB\_n
hnai\ {]NcnnpXn
ap]nbnepmbncpp. C
kvv emans auenImSndIsf am
Ivknv hniIe\coXnbp]tbm
Knv \ncq]Ww sNpIbpw kmlnXyhnai\ns ktXfp]tbmKnv
]cnlmkmXvaIambn CkvvemanI ]mccysf tNmZyw sNpIbpw sNbvX
tXmsSmw Xs bpnhmZnI CkvvemanIicoAn\p t\sc Dbn hna
i\ ]eXpw GsSppIIqSn sNbv XpsImmWv sI.C.Fns kz
Kw \cIw ]ctemIw F]XpIfpsS a[yn {]knoIrXamIpXv.
2013 HmKv 21
bpnbpw imkv{Xhpw IzpB\ns
A{]amZnXzamWv bYmYn sXfn
bnpXv Fpw kapZmbs t_m
[ysSpnsmv apkvvenw ]nX
m AtltmSv CtmSnv t]m
cmSn. Gd\mSns sXcphpI Iyq
Wnkv v Ckv v emw kwhmZsfsmv
apJcnXambncp Cu ImeLw, \n
coizc, \naX, `uXnIhmZ NnIfp
sS s]mcw apkvv enw kapZmbs
t_m[ysSppXn henb ]mWv
hlnXv. bpnbpw imkv {Xhpw `u
XnIhmZnIfpsS Iq sS bm Wv F an
n s\ I i n sb dn bm a e _m dn
se ap kv enw ] n X m v F fp
n km [n p. A ] Xp I fp sS
Xp S n , ap kv enw I I yq Wn
kw kzoIcntXptm F hnj
bn tUm. Fw. Dkv am kmln_pw
F.hn. C_v dmlow amkv dpw (19271999)
Xn Acotmpshv {]tZis I
Nd sse{_dnbpsS B`napJyn
C{]Imcw Hcp ]cky kwhmZw \S
Xns\ kw_n hniZmwi ap
kvv enw \thmm\ Ncn{XtcJIfn D
]eamWv.
(16)
IyqWnv \ncoizchmZns ap
kvvenw kapZmbntep ISpI
bn\p thn tUm. Fw.Dkv v am km
ln_v \Snb ]cn{iasf ]cmPb
sSppXn Ghpw iamb ]
phlnXv sI. kn. A_q_ au
ehn (AcotmSv, 19212006) F C
kzv emlo ]nX\mWv. Ipnpdv
Nmen A_q_ F Hu]NmcnI
hnZym`ymkw Gsdsbmpw t\Snbnnm
Cu Ipdnb \mn]pdpImc
Xs bphXzw `uXnIhmZns\Xnsc
bp ss[jWnI t]mcmn\v Xosd
gpXnsmSpp. hmb\bneqsSbpw _p
nPohnIfpambp kneqsS
bpw IyqWnknsbpw bpnhmZ
nsbpw Zu_eyfpw imkv {X]p
tcmKXnbpsS bmYmYyhpw {Kln A
_q_ auehn, tUm. Fw. Dkvv am
kmln_ns FgppIpw {]
kwKpw kckambpw efnXambpw
adp]Sn ]dv ae_m apkvv enwIfp
sS {]nbs "sI. kn' Bbn amdn. tUm
Xs {]h\tI{w \neqcm
nbtm sI. kn Atmv Xmakw
amn. \neq Fw.F. temUvPns ap
I \nebnse sNdnb apdnbnepw I
mbv kvIqfn\v kao]w PwCXp ap
PmlnZos DSaXbnepmbncp
sNdnb honepw GImInbmbn Xmakn
v B a\pjy \Snb Hbm t]m
cms Xakv Icnphm\mWv tIcf
nse IyqWnkvv Ncn{XImcmsc
mw ]cn{iannpXv. Ingt\d\m
nse IyqWnv kz]v\fpsS Nnd
IcnXv bYmYn sI. knbmWv .
Atlw \ncnb hmZKXnIv a
dp]Sn ]dbm tUm. Fw. Dkvvam km
ln_Sap As `uXnIhmZn
Iv Ignn. Fnpw Ah hn
iz kn Xv X hn P bn p sa pw
Ckveman\pthn kwkmcnp sI.
knsbtmeph ]cmPbsSpsap
amWv. ImcWw, aXclnX kaqln
temWv Imew IpXnpXv F am
Ivkns hnIeamb Ncn{XhoWw
Ahsc Acmnbncpp. sI. knsb
sshImcnIambn hynlXy sNbvXv
Acniw Xom\mWv ]noSh {ian
CkvvemanI {]t_m[\w XzcnXsSm\mWv
bpnhmZnIfpsS Ckvvemw hnai\
tIcfn BXynIambn D]IcnXv.
\nv Hm^v {Sqv t]mep {]t_m[I Iq
mbvaIv Ah Aapkvvenw s]mXpkaq
lntep ]meambn amdn. bpnhm
ZnI {]Ncnn Ckvvemw hnai\
v BbncfpsS apnshv adp]Sn \
Inb Xpd "kvt\lkwhmZ' ]cn]mSn
I hgn CkvvemanI \ne]mSpIfpsS am\
hnIX kaqls t_m[ysSpm I
gnbp nXnhntijapmbn. bpnhm
ZnI Dbn Ckvvemw hnai\sm
sbpw hniZamb adp]SnI FgpXn t{Im
UoIcnpsImv \nv Hm^v {Sqv {]kn
oIcn IzpB\ns auenIX F ]p
kvXIw hmb\mcpsS ssIIfnsenbn
v Ctm Hc Zimn\Spmbn. A
Xnse adp]SnIsf hkvXp\njvTambn Jn
phm Cthsc Hcp bpnhmZnpw Ignnn.
2013 HmKv 22
pt\mnbXv. ImeKXnbpsS LSnIm
cZni a\nemmsX "aXIme'ns
"Ccpn' amnfamsc "XfnSm' {ian
"hnhctZmjn'tbmSv "hnh'ImcnI
pmb kzm`mhnIhpw Bmhp
amb AcniambncpncnWw AXv ; A
s\ "AcnisSphm' ]mIn A
hcpsS XetmdpIsf `uXnIhmZw I
hsSpncpphtm! Imew AXn
s IpXnn "tXmn'sbdnbm t]m
Ip p{Zhkv Xpfmbn sI.knsb
bpw Atlns BZisbpw Nn
{XoIcn v \smcp a\vk\mIm
t\mv F \mSIw C.sI. Abap c
Nn v tUm kw hn [m \w sN bv Xv
1955 "\n e q bp h P \ I emk an
Xn'bpsS B`napJyn Acnse
pXv As\bmWv.
(17)
sI.knsb
]cnNbaph sRntmIp kz`m
hh[amWv \mSIn sI.knpt\
sc DmbXv. \mSIns ]pkv XIcq
]n IYm]m{Xsf ]cnNbsSp
ptSv Cs\ hmbnmw: "au
ehn: Xm {]amWnw \Snp, Im
]Syw \nd Hcp kmm hncp
.'
(18)
"Ap Akokv auehn' F
t]cnemWv sI. knsb \mSIn
Xopw hnIeambn Nn{XoIcnXv . Cu
teJ\ns Bcw`n FSpp
tNncnp kw`mjWiIew, \m
SIn IyqWnv kJmfmb c
psNdpm Xn sI.knsb kw
_nv \SpXmWv. sI.knbpsS
bpw Ckvv emansbpw ]X\w "[oc hn
hImcnI' BhnizmktmSpIq
Sn {]Jym]npIbmWXn. ]t, F
pmbn F v \ apdnbmw. sI. kn
]dXpt]mse Ckv emw _mn bmbn,
hnhImcnI temIw IogSpsav
{]Xon IyqWnv \ncoizchmZw
Zb\obambn IS]pgIn. sI. kn ]n
Imev k ckambn \nconXpt]m
se, "a hnbpsS apcSv DWn
gnnpw Xe am{Xw ]pcpdpIq
sS \Sp' ]cphnembn tkmhnb
v bqWnbs XIptijw tIcf
nse IyqWnkv v \ncoizchmZnI.
IyqWnkvpIfpsS B`napJyn
\S \ncoizcmib {]NcWns\
Xnsc sXmmbncnb]XpIfn tI
cfnse apkv v enw ]nXm bpn
_pcambn \Snb BZikacn
s Ghpw henb hnPbfnsemv
tUm. Fw. Dkvam kmln_ns a\
]cnh\ambncpp. B[p\nI Im
eLn apkvvenw tIcfw I au
enI Nnm{]Xn`Ifn Ghpw {]K
\m bn cp tUm `u Xn I hm Z
ns Akmciq\yXbpw ASnm
\cmlnXyhpw a\nemn Ckvv eman
tev Xncnphp. ssZhsbpw ac
Wm\c PohnXsbpw [mytm
sS \ntj[nv a\pjyPs A
clnXambn Nn{XoIcnp `uXnIhm
Z Zi\sXnsc ]noSp Po
hnXw apgph tUm [ocambn t]m
cmSn. Xs apJy{]XntbmKnbpw ]cn
lmkfpsS eyhpambncp sI.
knbpsS {]nbs injy\mbn tUm
amdnb Imgv N `uXnIhmZnIsf sam
n Acnp. XnmsX
t]mb Xpd a\v tUmpmb
Xpw Xp Almcw Atl
n\nmXncpXpamWv {]ikvXamb
B a\]cnh\ns ASnm\
ImcWw Fv a\nemphm Ah
v Ignn. amIvknkn\pw bp
nhmZn\psaXnscbmWv ]noSv
tUmdpsS XqenI Imcyambn Nen
Xv. `uXnIhmZnbmbn At\Ihj
PohnpIbpw `uXnIhmZ{]NcW
n\mbp ss[jWnI A[zm\
fn \ncX\mhpIbpw sNbv X Hcm
F \nebn Atlns `uXn
IhmZhnai\v thdn Hcp Po
h\pw auenIXbpapmbncpp. Ah
v adp]Sn ]dbpIbmbncpp tIcf
nse amIv knkv pIfpsSbpw bpn
hmZnIfpsSbpw Hmas DchmZn
w. AXhv \nhlnm Ign
n FXv, AhcpsS Zmi\mSn
dI Fpam{Xw Zp_eamsWv Ir
Xyambn hnfnp]dpbppv. 1973s c
mw ]IpXnbn sI. Da auehnbp
sS kk_o amknIbpsS hnhn[
efnembn tUm. Fw. Dkvam km
ln_pambn Fw. kn tPmk^pw ]n.kn.
ISepnbpw \Snb XqenIm kwhm
kzw ASnm\
\sv B
Sn bp e n cp
bpnhmZ kwL
S\IfpsS apn
Ahtijnncp
Htcsbmcp Imcy]
cn]mSn Ckv emw hn
a i \ fm bn cp
p. AhbpsS {]
k n Iq Sn \
stXmsS, ]cmP
bw ]q W am b,
bmsXmcphn[ A
P bp an m ,
arX{]mbamb Hcp
BZiambn bpnhmZw tIcfn amdpIbmWp
mbXv . ]cmPbw adpshm\p Zp_eamb
{iafmWv Ctm tIcfn Ahtijnp
bpnhmZnI \SnsmncnpXv, Ah Hp
ta hnPbnpnsnepw.
2013 HmKv 23
ZamWv tUm Dbnb {]iv \sf
A`nkwt_m[\ sNm tIcfnse
bpnhmZnI \Snb {][m\s
Hcp {iaw. B {ian Ah F{X
Zb\obambnmWv ]cmPbsXv F
v {]kvXpX kwhmZw ]qWambn hm
bnphv a\nemIpw. bpnhm
Zhpw Ckvvemapw Xn t\pt\sc
Hcp BZikwL\w \Sm Fm
Wv kw`hnpIsbdnbm ]cmar
kwhmZns XmfpI Xs [mcmf
amWv FXs{X efnXamb Hcp hkv
XpX.
(19)
Adp]XpIfn Dmb lyqa\nv
lnnssewKnI hnh{]XnkwkvIm
c thentbfpsS {]Xn^e\ambnm
Wv tIcfn amIv knv _anm
kzX{ bpnhmZw insSp
Xv . tPmk^v CSadpIv Bbncpp Cu
[mcbpsS Ghpw i\mb hmhv.
aXns\Xncnep Ipcnipbpn\v
Xp\nndnb CSadpIn\pw IqpIm
pw hn]peamb {]knoIcW ]
XnIfpmbncpp. lyqa\nv ASn
dbn \npsImp BwKteb bp
nhmZnIfpsS {KfpsS hnh
\fpw hnhn[ aXsf hnainp
sImp CSadpIns auenI ]T\
fpw ]pdndn Cy FXov ]
ntjgv kv kmn[yapdnpXv Cu
ImeLnemWv. tIcfob s]mXpk
aqlhpambn bpnhmZn I \Snb
hyhm]nXamb Bibhn\nabn
s Hcp {][m\cq]w CSadpIns {]
km[\kwcw`ambncppshv \nwi
bw ]dbmw, Atlns "]pkv XI
hSw' ]noSv bpnhmZn kwLS
\IIv hnhmZv hgnshs
nepw. Adp]XpIfnepw Fgp]XpIfn
epw C{]Imcw kPohambno bp
nhmZn {]h\v {]_p
amb Hcp {]Xn]s e`nXv, B
cv Fsms ]dmepw, apkvv enwI
fn \nmWv. amIvknpIfpambp
t]mcmImev tiJcn Bbp[
tIhe bpnhmZnIv adp]Sn ]d
bm apkvvenwIv [mcmfambncpp.
bpnhmZns ASndIsf tNm
Zyw sNbvXpw Ckvemans\ m]npw
ap kv enw ] n X m Cu Ime
Ln \Snb sshm\nI C
Ss]SpepI tIcfnse apJy i{Xp
Ckvvemw BsW \ne]mSntev bp
nhmZnIsf sImpsNsnp.
bpnhmZns {]mamWnIXsb
\ntj[npsImv CkvvemanI `qanI
bn \nv apkvenw ]nXm Db
nb hmZapJsf t\cnSm Ignbm
Xncp tIcfnse bpnhmZn {]
m\w, Ckvemans\bpw hnip Izp
B\ns\bpw aplZv \_n(k)sbbpw
cqambn ISm{IanpsImmWv ]n
oSv BZimcw adpshm
{ianXv. Fgp]XpIfpsS Ahkm\
tmsS bpnhmZnIfpsS t\XrXz
n IzpB hnai\fpw \_n
hnai\fpw tIcfn kPoham
bn. Cu hnai\fpsS HtcItZi km
I ey am Wv 1982 ]p d n d n b
CSadpIns IzpB Hcp hnai\
]T\w F ]pkv XInepXv. aX
{Ksf ]ckyambn ISm{Ianp
sIm adnv aXs \ne\np
kmlNcytfmSv s]mcpXnsmm
Wv aX\naqe\w km[yamtXv F
amIv knv \ne]mSpaqew C.Fw.F
kns\tmephv Ccsamcp k
ao]\coXntbmSv XmnIamb hntbmPn
F gp ] Xp I fn X s bp
n hm Z n s a c W a Wn
]mmXytemIv apgm
\mcw`nncpp. tIcfob bp
nhmZnI B hkv XpX
IqSnbmWv Ckvvemans\Xnsc
bp HmSpI hgn ad
pshm {ianncpXv.
bpnhmZns Zmi\n
ImSndIsfmw Xs A
_fmsWv _pnPo
hnI Xncndn ]Xnm
p I fm Wv tem I v I gn
p t]m b Xv . bp n hm Z
n s B sI p I bm b
tUhnUv lyqans m\
imkv{Xw Xzimkv{Xns temIv XIv XcnWambngnp. \n
coizchmZw tIhesamcp Indpv am{XamsW hkvXpX Cv _lp`qcn]
w imkv{Xmcpw XXzimkv{Xmcpw AwKoIcnpXmWv.
2013 HmKv 24
pmbncpp. C. Fw. Fkpw CSadp
Ipw Xnepw C. Fw. Fkpw ]h\
\pw Xnepw \ncoizchmZ {]NcWn
s coXnimkv{Xs kw_np\S
kwhmZ Hmabphv Cu
hntbmPnns am\ a\nemn
sb Sp m {] bm k ap m In . F
m, {]mtbmKnIambn amIvknkvv
`uXnIhmZnIfpw bpnhmZnIfpsS
IzpB\_nhnai\ {]Ncnn
pXn ap]nbnepmbncpp
shXmWv kXyw. icoAv hnhmZw
XfpsS aXhnai\w kmaqlyamb
Hc\nhmcyXbpsS ]mXenemWv \
SpXv Fv kaYnm Ah
hkcw \In. bpnhmZnIfn \nv
sXpw `nam coXnbn amIv kn
pI icoAns\ ISm{Ian Im
eambncpp AXv. sI. C. F Ip
lZns\tmsemcp amIvknv
kmwkvImcnI {]hI tIcfn
s s]mXpaen {]Xys
k`hpw CXmWv. Ckvvemans au
enImSndIsf amIvknv hniIe
\coXnbp]tbmKnv \ncq]Ww sNp
Ibpw kmlnXyhnai\ns kt
Xfp]tbmKnv ]cnlmkmXv aIambn
Ckvv emanI ]mccysf tNmZyw sN
pIbpw sNbvXtXmsSmw Xs bp
nhmZnI CkvvemanIicoAn\p
t\sc Dbn hnai\ ]eXpw
GsSppIIqSn sNbvXpsImmWv
sI.C.Fns kzKw \cIw ]ctem
Iw F]XpIfpsS a[yn {]kn
oIrXamIpXv.
tIcfn apsmpanm hn
[w bpnhmZnIfpw amIvknpIfpw
B{Klnhn[w Ckv v emw hnai\
Cmebfhn ]{Xfn hp\nd
p. apkvv enw ]nXmv Hcn
epw adp]Sn ]dbm Ignbm tNmZy
fmWv bpnhmZnI s]mXpkaql
n\p apntev FdnpsImSp
Xv Fv tXmnpwhn[ap _lf
fmWv Av \mnepmbXv . apkv v enw
\ma[mcnIfmb Nne bpnhmZnI C
SadpIv Ftm henb Bbp[ X
p \InbXpt]mse s]cpamdm
\mcw`nXpw Cu kabmWv. ta
bqcn Ad_n apjnamcmb Nne ap
kv v enw bpnhmZnIfpsS t\XrXzn
Ckvvemw hnai\{K {]kno
Icnphm thn am{Xw lnIvv av
]ntjkv F t]cn Hcp {]
km[\mebapmbn hp FXn\n
pXs CSadpIns Ckvemw hna
i\w tIcfob bpnhmZn\v F{X
henb "sImv ' BWpmnsmSp
Xv Fv hyamIpw. Fm, bpn
hmZns BcnI Zu_eyfp
sS \nZi\ambncpp hmkvXhn
Cu tImemlesfmw. kzw B
Ziw AhXcnnmt\m AXns\p
dnp kwibv adp]Sn \Im
t\m BhmsX Ckv v emw hnai\fn
A`ncanv Poh \ne\npIbmbn
cpp ]mhw tIcfob bpnhmZn {]
m\w.
kzw apJw ImWmXncnm th
n tIcfob bpnhmZw s\nbn h
fnb Ckvvemw hnai\ns Iq
sImv HSnpXqnbXv hfsc
s]smWv . bpnhmZnIfpw amIv v kn
pIfpw Dbn IzpB \_n hn
ai\smpw bmsXmcp auen
IXbpapmbncpn. Ahsbmsbpw
ZpcnXv apgph ImcWw aXamsWv a\n
emnbh aXs hnv bpnsb ]pWcm cm{
t\Xm kamIptXmSpIqSn kam[m\w ]p
ecpsav a\nemnbXv kzm`mhnIambncpp. F
nspmbn Ccp]Xmw \qmn? cv temI a
lmbpfpmbn, cv AWpt_mw_v hnkvt^m
S\fpmbn, Fa A[n\nthifpmbn, `o
Icamb ]mcnnXnI Zpcfpmbn, FbvUvkpw
Ft_mfbpapmbn, \mknkhpw Hmjvhnvkpapm
bn, djybnepw ssN\bnepw Iwt_mUnbbnepw ap
ambn IyqWnkvpIfpsS t\XrXzn AXn{Iqc
amb \cta[fpmbn... As\ t]mIpp Ncn
{Xw \Ip Dcw. B[p\nIXbpsS hmKv Zm\
s]mbmbncppshv temIw Xncndnbm\m
cw`nXv Cu A\p`hfneqsSbmWv.
2013 HmKv 25
Hmdnbenkvv anj\dn kmlnXy
fn \nv ASn ]Inshhbm
bncpp. \_n(k)bpsS {]hmNIXz
sbpw hynXzsbpw tNmZyw sN
m\pw IzpB\ns ssZhnIXsb \n
tj[nm\pw thn bpw, ASnaw,
_lp`mcyXzw, A\cmhImiw, ]
Z, inm\nba, AapkvvenwIfpam
bp _w, hn{Kl`\w XpSn
b hnjbfnse Ckvv emanI \ne]m
SpIsf Hmdnbenkv v kmlnXy
am{Xw hmbn Adnhns shfnn
hnainpIbmWv CSadpImZnI {]
[m\ambpw sNbvXXv. \qmpIfmbn
Dbnsphcp Cu hnai\
smw apkvv enw ]nXm Ime
fmbn adp]Sn ]dpt]mcpXmWv F
XpsImpXs, Ahsb t\cnSp
hm tIcfnse CkvvemanI {]t_m
[Iv bmsXmcp {]bmkhpapmbn
. sNdnbapw Ap laoZv aZ\n
sbtmep ]nXm Ccw hn
jbfn \Inb hniZoIcW
bpnhmZnIfpsS hmbSnphm\pw
s]mXpkaqln \nv CnjbI
amb sXp[mcWI CmXmphm\pw
]cym]vXambncpp. bYmYn, C
kvvemanI {]t_m[\w XzcnXsSm\m
Wv bpnhmZnIfpsS Ckvvemw hnai
\ tIcfn BXynIambn D
]IcnXv. \nv Hm^v {Sqv t]mep
{]t_m[I Iqmbv aIv Ah Aap
kvv enw s]mXpkaqlntep ]m
eambn amdn. bpnhmZnI {]Ncnn
Ckvv emw hnai\v Bbnc
fpsS apnshv adp]Sn \Inb Xp
d kvt\lkwhmZ ]cn]mSnI hgn
Ckvv emanI \ne]mSpIfpsS am\hnI
X kaqls t_m[ysSpm \n
n\v Hcn asmcpnXv
F]XpIfnse bpnhmZnIfmWv . bp
nhmZnI Dbn \tS ]dX
cw Ckvv emw hnai\smsbpw
hniZamb adp]SnI FgpXn t{ImUo
IcnpsImv \nv Hm^v {Sqv {]kn
oIcn IzpB\ns auenIX
(20)
(`m
Kw 1) F ]pkv XIw hmb\mcpsS
ssIIfnsenbnv Ctm Hc Zim
n\Spmbn. AXnse adp]SnIsf
hkv Xp\njv Tambn Jnphm Ct
hsc Hcp bpnhmZnpw Ignnn
. Xfpbn hmZv ka{K
ambn adp]SnsbgpXsnv AXnt\mSv
sshm\nIambn {]XnIcnphm\p
{XmWnt]mepw tIcfnse bpn
hm Zn {] m \ n \p m bn . Izp
B hnkvarXamIpXv ImWm Im
ncphv As\ kzw hna
i\ Imens NhpIpbnse
dnbsSpXv ImtWnhp. IzpB
\mIs, P\tImSnIsf kzm[o\nv C
pw \ne\npp.
kzw ASnm\ \sv
BSnbpencp bpnhmZ kwLS
\IfpsS apn Ahtijnncp
Htcsbmcp Imcy]cn]mSn Ckvemw hna
a\pjybpn Xosc Zp_e
amsWpw hfsc Npcpnb
Imcy am{Xta AXns
hni I e\ tijnv hg q
Fpw bpn bp ] tbm Kn
p hniIe\n sXp
]m\p km[yX hfsc Iq
SpXemsWpap Xncndnhp
IfmWv Dcm[p\nI \ne]m
SpIfpsS ASnm\w. "C{n
btKmNcamXn\m ssZ
han' F bpnhmZnbpsS
imTyw Pw sIm n cp
bpnsb kw_n Al
mcns {]XesbmWv
Dcm[p\nIX XIpIf
bp Xv . B[p \n I X bpsS
Ayw bpn hm Z n s
IqSn AyamsWv XzNn
m]nXm NqnmWn
pXv AXpsImmWv.
2013 HmKv 26
i\fmbncpp. AhbpsS {]kn
IqSn \stXmsS, ]cmPbw ]qWam
b, bmsXmcphn[ APbpanm, arX
{]mbamb Hcp BZiambn bpnhmZw
tIcfn amdpIbmWpmbXv . ]cm
Pbw adpshm\p Zp_eamb
{iafmWv Ctm tIcf n
Ahtijn p bp n hmZn I
\SnsmncnpXv, Ah Hpta
hnPbnpnsnepw.
FpsImmWv tIcfnse bp
nhmZn {]m\w C{X Zb\obambn
]cmPbsXv? am\yamb tahnemk
tmsS s]mXpaen \ne\n
pIbpw Hcp ImeLn tIcfob
bphXzs Bthiw sImnpIbpw
sNbv Xncp Hcp ss[jWnI apt
n\v C{X s]sv ]nhmtn h
sXpsImmWv? Cu tNmZy
p Dcw bYmYn tIcfhp
ambn am{Xw _sp\npX
.BtKmfXen Xs bpnhm
Zw h XncnSnIfmtWphmnsm
ncnpXv . Fgp]XpIfn Xs bp
nhmZns acWaWn ]mmXy
temIv apgm\mcw`nncpp. tIc
fob bpnhmZnI B hkvXpXIqSn
bmWv Ckvv emans\Xnscbp HmSp
I hgn adpshm {ianncpXv.
bpnhmZns, Cu NbpsS B
cw`n \mw NsSp, Zmi
\nImSndIsfmw Xs A_
fmsWv _pnPohnI Xncndn
]XnmpIfmWv temIv Ignp
t]m b Xv . bpnhmZns BsI
pIbmb tUhnUv lyqans m
\imkv{Xw Xzimkv{Xns tem
Iv XIv XcnWambngnp.
Cv, \ncoizchmZw tIhesamcp Indp
v am{XamsW hkvXpX _lp`qcn
]w imkv {Xmcpw XXzimkv {X
mcpw AwKoIcnpXmWv. B
tKmfhXvIcWw km[yamnb hnhc
hn\nab hnhw sImpmb Hcp Kp
Ww, ]mmXy NnmtemIpmb
Cu am tIcfn\v Adnbm I
gnpshXmWv. ^ntemk^nbpsS
cwKv Ccp]Xmw \qmnepmb A
nadnIsf apgph adpshv bpn
hmZw hnfph, aebmfnp apn
]cnlmkycmbnocp Ahbpm
bXs\bmWv .
bpnbpsSbpw imkv {Xnsbpw
BtLmjambncpphtm "B[p\nI
X.' B[p\nIX am\h]ptcmKXnbpsS
DpwKXbmsWmWv bqtdmnse en
_d atXXc _pnPohnI AhIm
isXv. aXnsbpw kZmNmcn
sbpw A\mhiy \nb{WfpsS
sIps]mnv a\pjy imkv {Xns
bpw bpnbpsSbpw ssI]nSnv \Sm
\mcw`n "kpckptaml\amb' Ime
amWv \ptSsXv ]sm]Xmw \q
mn "B[p\nIX'bpsS sskmn
I {]tLmjnp, Ccp]Xmw \qmn
B[p\nIX ]qWX {]m]nv a\pjy
ktmjwsImv XpnmSpIbmbncn
psav Ah {]hNnp. bpnhm
ZnIfmbncpp B[p\nIXbpsS B
hnizmk Ghpw Bmambn
]pshXv. ZpcnXv apgph Im
cWw aXamsWv a\nemnbh a
Xs hnv bpnsb ]pWcm cm{
t\Xm kamIptXmSpIqSn k
am[m\w ]pecpsav a\nemnbXv
kzm`mhnIambncpp. Fnspm
bn Ccp]Xmw \qmn? cv temI
almbpfpmbn, cv AWpt_mw
]ZmYkhn ti j X I
t]mepw ]qW ambn C{n
btKmN c a sv imkv {Xw
a\ n em n gn n p
Hcp Imev ]ZmYmXoX
\pw {]] m Xo X \p amb
{kjv Sm hns Akv XnXzw
C{nbtKmN c am bn cn W
sav hmin]nSnpXn
FY am Wp Xv F
tNmZy amWv D cm [p \nI
temIw bpn hm Zn tbmSv
tNmZnpXv , B tNmZy
amWv bpn hm Z n s
m\ imkv {X ASn d
Isf XIpIfbpXpw.
2013 HmKv 27
_v hnkv t^mS\fpmbn, Fa A
[n\nthifpmbn, `oIcamb ]mcn
nXnI Zpcfpmbn, Fbv Uv kpw
Ft_mfbpapmbn, \mknkhpw Hm
jvhnv kpapmbn, djybnepw ssN\
bnepw Iwt_mUnbbnepw apambn I
yqWnkv pIfpsS t\XrXzn AXn
{Iqcamb \cta[fpmbn... As\
t]mIpp Ncn{Xw \Ip Dcw. B
[p\nIXbpsS hmKvZm\ s]mbm
bncppshv temIw Xncndnbm\mcw
`nXv Cu A\p`hfneqsSbmWv . [
a m[asf kw_n Aht_m[
amhiyanm tIhesamcp Pphm
bn a\pjys\ ]cnanXsSpnb `u
XnIhmZZi\fmWv "B[p\nIX'
kw`mh\ sNbv X "ar Ko b X'I fp sS ap
gp h \n an sa v Xpd a\p
_pnPohnI Ccp]Xmw \qmn
s ]IpXn ]nntm Xs AwKo
IcnpXpSnbncpp.
B[p\nIX km\n Zpc\p`h
kzm`mhnIambpw bpnhmZnIfp
sS ta tNmZyfmbn s]bvXndn.
aqeysf XnckvIcnh aqeycmln
Xyns A\c^efpsS `oIc
X Iv Acp\np. ]t, Ncn
{Xn \nv ]mTw ]Tnm\, Ncn
{Xw \Ip ]mTfn \nv Hgn
pamdm\mWv bpnhmZw Atmgpw
]cn{ianXv. aqeysf hkvXp\njvT
ambn \nWbnphm shfn]mSneqsS
am{Xta Ignbq FmWv aXhnizmkn
IfpsS \ne]mSv. Cu \ne]mSv AwKo
Icnm ssZhsbpw aXsbpw
AwKoIcntnhcpsaXn\m, "aX
\nct] aqey' F ]pXnsbm
cp kw bpnhmZnI aptmp
shp. a\pjy\v aqey Bhiyap
v, B aqey hyn\njvTtam B
t]nItam A, adnv hkvXp\njvT
hpw tIhehpw XsbmWv, ]s, {]
kvXpX aqey ssZhw \nbnt
hb, a\pjy kzbw aXsf B
{ibnmsX \nWbntXmWv F
ns\ t]mbn, hmZ. hkvXp\n
jvT atXXc [manIX (objective secu-
lar morality)
(21)
bpnhmZnIfpsS N
bntev hcpXv As\bmWv. X
pw Hcp [manIXbpspw B
[manIX aX]ca Fp am{Xtabp
q Fpw B[p\nIXbpsS aqey\n
cmkn\v Xsf ]gntXns
pw hcpnophm thnbmbn
cpp Cu X{XmSpIsfmw Xs. F
m, kzbw {]Xntcm[n\mbn ap
tmpsh Cu hmZ IqSpX h
enb tNmZysf bpnhmZnIp t\
sc Wnphcpn. [am[asf
hkvXp\njvTambpw tIheambpw \n
Wbnm a\pjycminv Ignbpsav
]dbpXnse Abpn hfsc hep
Xmbncpp. a\pjybpn Xopw B
t]nIamsWv Adnbmhcmbn B
cmWpXv? {]mbn\pw PohnXkml
Ncypw Adnhn\pw _pnin
pw A\p`hpw Xm]cy
pw A\pkcnv Hcp Imcyw "icntbm
sXtm' F tNmZyn\v Hmtcmcp
cpw hyXykvXfmb Dcfmbncn
pw \IpI Fv bpnhmZnIfm
apgph a\pjypw Adnbmam
bncpp. apXemfnns hoW
n lntcmjnam \mKkmnI \
bmbncpp, IyqWnkvpIfpsS ho
Wn kv mens GIm[n]Xy
hpw ^mjnpIfpsS hoWn
tImkt{Sj IympIfpw \bm
IpXpt]mseXs. Hcmp Xs,
Cv \bmbn tXmpXv \msf Xn
bmbn A\p`hsSm\nSbpv, t\sc
Xncnpw. a\pjy Hcp aXn \nv
asmcp aXntepw Hcp cm{ob Im
gv NmSn \nv asmntepsams
amdpXv Cse hsc \sbv Icp
XnbXv bYmYn Xnbmbncpp
Fv ]noSv t_m[ytmSptmgmW
tm. [am[a hyhtOZ\ cwKv a
\pjyakv Xnjv In\v Ftmgpw sXp
]mw FmWv CXnsbYw. AXp
sImmWv , \XnI Xocpam\nm
a\pjybpn Xosc ]cym]vXasv
]cnip IzpB hyamnbXv: "H
{]]{kjvSmhv C{nbtKmN
camXncnpXv Ah ]Zm
Ym Xo X \m b Xp sIm m Wv . ]
ZmYns {kjvSmhv ]Zm
m Xo X \m tb Xo cq sh Xv
tIhe bpnbmWv. Fm
\apv tKmNcambnp ]Zm
Y tem I n s B kq {X Ww
Ahs AkvXnXzs IrXy
am bn t_m [y s Sp p p. ]
cnip IzpB\ns Cu \n
e]mSns\ \ncmIcnm X
Hcmbp[hpw Ctm Hcp bp
nhmZnbpsSbpw Inen.
2013 HmKv 28
cp Imcyw \n shdppIbpw (b
YmYn) AXv \nv KpWIc
ambncnpIbpw sNmw. \nsfmcp
Imcyw CsSpIbpw (bYmYn)
AXv \nv tZmjIcambncnpI
bpw sNbv sXpw hcmw. Amlp A
dnbpp. \n Adnbpn.'
(22)
\
XnI sXp]msX hIXncnWsa
n kqWamb AdnhpmIWw.
B AdnhpXv {]]{kmhn\v am
{XamWv. {kmhv Ahs ZqXmcneq
sS AhXcnn thZ{Kfn \n
p am{Xta am\h kaqlw tXSnsm
ncnp hkv Xp\njvThpw tIhehp
amb aqey{Ias \n[cnsSpm
Ignbq. IzpB a\pjys\ sXcys
Spp Cu ASnm\ hkvXpXsb
\ncmIcnm thn bpnhmZnI
aptmpsh objective secular moral-
ity F bptm]y hmZn\pthn am
{Xap Hcp hmZamsWv B[p\nI
XbpsS aqey\ncmkns Xn^e
f \p ` hn h p ap gp h F fp
n a\nemIpambncpp.
bpnsImv \XnIsf \njv
IrjvShpw A\yq\hpambn hyhtOZn
m\mhns Xncndnhv temIn
hfphXv bpnhmZns ASn
dbnfnb kw`hambncpp. bpn
bpsS "khin'sb ASnm\amn
bmWtm, bpnhmZw AXns BZ
i ku[w ]SppbnbncpXv.
]mmXyXzimkv{Xw B[p\nIX
bn \nv Dcm[p\nIXbntev
(Post Modernity) {]thinpXv bpn
bpsS ]cnanXnIsf kw_n Cu
]pXnb t_m[yn \nmWv. bpn
bpsS ]cnanXnIfpw (limits)hyn\njv T
Xbpw (subjectivity) hym]Iambn N
sNsXns A\c^eambncpp
bYmYn B[p\nIXbpsS XI
bpw Dcm[p\nIXbpsS cwK{]th
i hpw. ]ZmYs am{Xta C{n b
v A\p`hnm\pw imkv {Xn\v
]Tnm\pw bpnv A]{KYnm\pw
Ignbq Fpw ssZhw ]ZmYmXoX\mb
Xn\m Xs C{nbtKmNcamIpn
F ImcWw ]dv Ahs\ \ntj
[n p Xv ip h am sWpw
NqnmWn aXhnizmknItfmSv , C{n
b pw imkv {X n\pw Fm
hkv Xp XI sfbpw sXm Sm Ign bp
sapw imkv{Xs ]coW\m
fn bn {]Xy o ` hn m sXmw
AhnizmkamsWpamWv B[p\n
IXbpsS {]`mhebw \Inb B
hnizmkn bpnhmZn ]dncp
Xv . Fm, bYmY Ahnizmkn
]ZmYw am{XamWv hkv XpX Fv iTn
p bpn hm Zn bmWv Fn S
tmWv Dcm[p\nIX Imcy
sImpsNsnXv. a\pjybpn
Xosc Zp_eamsWpw hfsc Npcp
nb Imcy am{Xta AXns hni
Ie\ tijnv hgq Fpw bpn
bp]tbmKnp hniIe\n sXp
]m\p km[yX hfsc IqSpXemsW
pap XncndnhpIfmWv Dcm[p
\nI \ne]mSpIfpsS ASnm\wX
s. "hkv Xp\njv TX' (Objectivity)bmbn
cpp B[p \n I X bpsS apJ ap {Z sb
n "hyn \n jv TX' (Subjectivity)
BWv Dcm[p\nIXbpsSXv Fv ]d
bm\p ImcWanXmWv. Xs C{nb,
akvXnjvI tijnIfnep a\pjys
Bhnizmks tNmnfbpI
bmWv D cm [p \n IX sNbv XXv
FYw. "C{nbtKmNcamXn\m
ssZh an' F bpn hm Zn bpsS
imTyw Pw sIm n cp bpnsb
IzpB bpnhmZnItfmSv kwhmZn\v k
amWv, bpnsb am\Zamnsmp
Xs. h{IXbnm sXfn bpnbpam
bn Imcysf kao]nm kcmIph
v "bpnhmZ'ns bpncmlnXyw t_m
[ysSpw, IpsImv CltemIv shv ]S
hs\ Imte ]Sh\psphcqsh hn
Uv Vnw ]dbpXns t]cmWv bpnsb
sXp[mcW AhpmIcpXv Fv am
{Xtabpq.
2013 HmKv 29
kw_n Almcns {]Xe
sbmWv Dcm[p\nIX XIp
IfbpXv. B[p\nIXbpsS Ayw
bpnhmZns IqSn AyamsWv
XXzNnm]nXm NqnmWn
pXv AXpsImmWv.
(23)
bpnbpsS ]cnanXnsb kw_
n Dcm[p\nI t_m[y, tI
heamb Hcp Xzimkv{X\ne]mS.
imkv{Xn \yqtmWnb `uXn
Ihpw kmaqlyimkv{Xn t]mkn
nhnv Ncn{XcN\m coXnbpw \new
s]mnbXns kXykamb A\p
cW\ambncpp XzNnbnse D
cm [p \n I X. \yqtm Wn b ^nkn
Ivkns {]]w Hcp b{amsW
k]ambncpphtm bpnhmZn
AlmcfpsS apgph ASnd.
{]kvXpX k]n\v ^nknIvkn
s cwKv NcapdnsgpXsnp
s hkvXpX C\nbpw a\nem
n bn n m h cmbn tIc f nse
bpn hm Zn I am{Xta Dm hp I
bpq! B_v sF bns
Bt]nXmknm D]tbmKn
mWv Cv \mw {]]s a\n
empXv. sFbns knm
imkv{XtemIs ]TnnXv,
e Ime ss\c cy n e [n jv Tn
Xhpw ]ZmY \nan X hp amb {]]
s Ipdnv ]Tnm am{Xta a\p
jys Xetmdpw C{nbfpw D]
ImcsSq FmWv. B ]T\w Xs
]qW am I W sa n {]] n\v
]pdv ISm Ignb WsamWv
Atlw t_m[ysSpnbXv. {]]
s Ipdnv ]qWambn a\nem
W sa n {]] n\v ]pdv
t]mIWsamWv sFnbn kqNn
npXv FYw. B "]pdpIS
' BIs, \psS akvXnjvIw
eImess\ccym _nX
ambXn\m Akm[yamWpXm\pw. {]
]sbpw ]ZmYsbpw ]qW
ambn a\ n em m a\p jy s\m cn
epw IgnbnsmWv CXns kmcw.
{]]s ]qWambn kv]inp
hm t]mepw a\pjys C{nbfpw
bpnbpw AiamsW sF
bn \Inb AdnhmWv \yqtmWn
b ^nknIvkns ]cnI]\Isf
XIpXcnWamnbXv . ]ZmYs
]qWambn a\nemphm\p a\p
jys IgnhptISntev hncNqn
bXv Bt]nIXm knmw am{Xa
. kqv a {] ] s hmbn p t
Sv a\p jy\v ]cn an Xn I fp sv
{]Jym]npsImmWtm, slbvk
_ Kn s A\n n X Xz kn m w
(Uncertainity Principle) \nehn hXv.
kqva{]]sbpw qe{]]
sbpw hkvXp\njvTambn {Klnp
Xn a\p jy bp nv ]cn an Xn I fp
s \ne]mSnemWv imkv{Xw Fn
\nIpsXv Npcpw. ]ZmY khn
tijXI t]mepw ]qWambn C{n
btKmNcasv imkv{Xw a\nemn
gnnp Hcp Imev ]ZmYmXo
X\pw {]]mXoX\pamb {kjv Smhns
Akv XnXzw C{nbtKmNcambncnWs
av hmin]nSnpXn FYamWp
Xv F tNmZyamWv Dcm[p\nI
temIw bpnhmZntbmSv tNmZnpXv,
B tNmZy amWv bpn hm Z ns
m\imkv {X ASndIsf XIp
IfbpXpw.
{]]{kjvSmhv C{nb tKmNca
mXncnpXv Ah ]ZmYmXoX\m
b Xp sIm m Wv . ]ZmY n s
{kjvSmhv ]ZmmXoX\mtb Xocqsh
XmWv kXyw. Fm \apv tKmN
cambnp ]ZmYtemIns Bkq
{XWw Ahs AkvXnXzs IrXy
ambn t_m[ysSppp. ]cnip
IzpB a\pjy\papn shp
Cu \ne]mSns\ \ncmIcnm X
Hcmbp[hpw Ctm Hcp bpnhmZn
bpsSbpw Inen FXmWv t\cv.
IzpB ]dbp Imcyv Ah
scmv sNhnsImSpncppshn:
""IpI Ahs\ (Amlphn
s\) IspIbn; IpIsf Ah
IspIbpw sNpw. Ah (Am
lp) kqva\pw A`n\pamIp
p. \n fpsS cn Xm hn \nv
\nnXm IpXpdnp sXfn
hpI hsnbncnpp. hh\pw
AXv Idnm AXns KpWw
Ah\pXsbmWv. hh\pw AX
ssIsImm AXns tZmjhpw Ah
\pXs.''
(24)
"" H I n \v t\v Ah
t\mpnt, AXv Fs\ krjvSn
sncnppshv ? BImitv ,
AXv Fs\ Dbsncnpp
shv? ]hXfntev, Ah F
s\ \msn cn p p shv ? `qan bn
tev, AXv Fs\ hnXm\nsn
cnppshv?''
(25)
""\ns p ]n? Am lp
hn\v Hcp Kmw`ocyhpw \n {]Xo
npnt? \nsf Ah ]eL
bpnbpsS ]cnanXnsb kw_n Dcm[p
\nI t_m[y, tIheamb Hcp Xzimkv
{X\ne]mS. imkv{Xn \yqtmWnb `u
XnIhpw kmaqlyimkv{Xn t]mknnhnv
Ncn{XcN\mcoXnbpw \news]mnbXns kXy
kamb A\pcW\ambncpp XzNnbn
se Dcm[p\nIX. \yqtmWnb ^nknIvkn
s {]]w Hcp b{amsW k]ambn
cpphtm bpnhmZn AlmcfpsS apgp
h ASnd. {]kvXpX k]n\v ^nkn
Ivkns cwKv NcapdnsgpXsnps
hkvXpX C\nbpw a\nemnbnnmhcmbn
tIcfnse bpnhmZnI am{Xta Dmhp
Ibpq!
2013 HmKv 30
fn embn kr jv Sn n cn p I bm
Wtm.''
(26)
""K`mibfn Xm DtZinp
hn[n \nsf cq]sSpp
h Ah \ s{X. Ah msX Hcp
ssZh hp an . Ah {]Xm ]nbpw
bpnam\pas{X.''
(27)
""\ns krjvSnpIbpw, \ns
kwhn[m\npIbpw, \ns icnbmb
AhbnempIbpw sNbvXh\s{X
Ah (Amlp). Xm DtZin cq]
n \ns kwLSnnh.''
(28)
]cn ip Izp B C{n b
sfbpw bpnsbbpw {]h\a
amm Blzm\w sNbvX thZ{K
amWv. bpnNn ssZhntemWv
\bnpIsbmWv IzpB\ns A
[ym]\w. ssZh\ntj[w bpnhmZa
, tIheamb AXbmWv;C{nbm
\p ` h fn \n smpw ]mTw
]Tnm \ncp]m[nIamb AX!
IzpB ]dbpXv t\mpI:
""PnpIfn \npw a\pjycn
\npw [mcmfw t]sc \mw \cIn
\pthn krjvSnnpv. Ahv a\
p I fp v . AXp ] tbm Knv Ah
Imcyw {KlnpIbn. Ahv Ip
Ifpv. AXp]tbmKnv Ah Idn
bpn. Ahv ImXpIfp.v Ahbp
]tbmKnv Ah tIpa\nempn.
Ah ImenIsft]msebmIpp. A,
AhcmWv IqSpX ]ngh. Ah Xs
bmWv {ibnmh.''
(29)
IzpB bpnhmZnItfmSv kw
hmZn\v kamWv , bpnsb am\
Z am n sm p X s. h{I X bn
m sXfn bpnbpambn Imcy
sf kao]nm kcmIph
v "bpnhmZ'ns bpncmln
Xyw t_m[ysSpw, IpsImv Cl
temIv shv ]Shs\ Imte
]Sh\psphcqsh hnUv Vnw
]dbpXns t]cmWv bpnsb
sXp[mcW AhpmhcpXv Fv
am{Xtabpq. \n`m Ky h im, B
sXp[mcWbmWv bpnhmZnIsf \bn
p Xv . AXp sIm p X s bmWv
bYmY bpnbp]tbmKnp kwhmZ
fn \nv Ah ]nXncnbpXpw.
tIcfnse bpnhmZn {]m
\ns Bcw`Imev AXv {]kn
oIcnncp bpnhmZnsb B\p
Im en Is hni I e\w sNbv Xp
sImv hw A_v Zp IzmZn
auehn Cs\ FgpXn:
""P\fpsS CSbn \nv ssZh
hn izm ks \in n p Xn \mWv
bpnhmZn Xo{hambn bXv\npsIm
ncnpXv . Xnanw ssZhhnizm
ks m]np bpnhmZsf
bpnhmZn {inphm Xmdn. Ah
sbIpdnv ]e cq]nepw \nnpw lkn
pw sNbv Xv Ahsb hnebnmXmnm
WpXv P\fpsS Nnsb Ahbn
\nv XncnpIfbpXn\v Hcp \ D]m
bambnmWv bpnhmZn Incnp
sXv tXmpp. ssZhhnizmks
m]np bpnhmZs bpnhm
Zambn hIshphm Xs bpn
hmZn Hcp an . AXn sem nepw
ApXan. bpnhmZnbpsS Dtiyw
tIhew kXym t\z j W a; kzkn
m {]NmcWamWv. AXn\v C
s\bp h{IamKsf XpScmsX
\nhrnbn.''
(30)
Cu kz`m h Zq jy fn \nv
Ctmgpw csSmhct, tIcf
n C\nbpw bpnhmZnIfmbn Ah
tijnpXv?!
(Ahkm\npn!)
IpdnpI:
1. See Gavin Hyman, 'Atheism in Modern His-
tory', In Michael Martin (ed.), The Cambridge
Companion of Atheism (New York: The Cam-
bridge University Press, 2007), p.30.
2. Ibid, pp.35,143.
3. Ibid, p.30.
4. Ibid, pp.30-1.
5. See Daniel C. Dennett, 'Atheism and Evolu-
tion', In Ibid, p.135.
6. Ibid, p.141.
7. Ibid, 139.
8. Ibid, 139.
9. Garin Hyman, op.cit, p.31.
10. Dilip Menon, Cast, Nationalism and Commu-
nism in South India , p.175.
11. Ibid, p.176.
12. hw aue hn bpsS Zo]nI H hm ey n
(Xncph\]pcw: hw auehn ^utj
{Sv, 1992), ]pd iii, x, 1 ImWpI.
13. Ibid, p.24.
14. Ibid, p.33.
15. hn. A_vZppn, AcotmSns In (tIm
gntmSv: en]n ]ntjkv),]pdw 87.
16. sI.kn. dnbmkv (FUn.), Imes AXnP
bn alm c Y m (tImgn tmSv : ]qtmv
]ntjkv, 2000), ]pdw 23.
17. Ibid, p.23.
28. Abap. C.sI, v \smcp a\vk\mIm
t\mv (Xncp h ]pcw: Nn ]n tj gv kv ,
2011), ]pdw 7. 1955 cNns \mSIw "A
Xp I fn ae _m dnse kmaq ly Po hn Xs
Hcp sImSpmpt]mse Cfnadn \mSIw'
Fv ]pdwNbn tcJsSpnbmWv Nn
]p\{]knoIcnnpXv.
19. kk_oen h Cu XqenImkwhmZw
]nImev ]pkvXIcq]n ]pdndn
bnpv: aXhpw bpnhmZhpw Hcp kwhmZw
(XncqmSv: Aa _pIvkv, 2002).
20. Fw.Fw. AIv_, JpB\ns auenIX/
`mKw 1, (sImn: \nv Hm^v {Sqv, 2000).
21. See, for instance, Davido O. Brink, 'The Au-
tonomy of Ethics', In Michael Martin (ed.),
op.cit, p.150.
22. IzpB 2:216.
23. See, for instance, Gavin Hyman, op.cit, pp.43-4.
24. IzpB 6:1034.
25. IzpB 88:1720.
26. IzpB 71:134.
27. IzpB 3:6.
28. IzpB 82:7,8.
29. IzpB 7:179.
30. Zo]nI, thmfyw 1, ew 12.
]cnip IzpB C{nbsfbpw bpn
sbbpw {]h\aamm Blzm\w
sNbvX thZ{KamWv. bpnNn ssZh
ntemWv \bnpIsbmWv IzpB
\ns A[ym]\w. ssZh\ntj[w bpn
hmZa, tIheamb AXbmWv; C{nbm
\p`hfn \nsmpw ]mTw ]Tnm
\ncp]m[nIamb AX!
2013 HmKv 31
tIcfn HcpImev kPoham
bncp bpnhmZn {]m\w Cv
ISp {]XnknI t\cnpsImn
cnpIbmWtm. bpnhmZnIv
\ {]`mhapmbncp F]XpI
fn CkvemanI ]p\npsIm
v Ahv iIv Xamb adp]SnI
\Inbncp Hcp apkvenw _pnPo
hn F \nebn, Ctm Hcp Xncn
pt\mw \Smtam? Fs\bm
bncpp tIcfn `uXnINnI
fpsS thentbapmbXv ? Xm A
hsb {inpXpSnb kmlNcyw F
mbncpp?
]pfn aZo\Xp Deqw Ad_n
Iv tImfPn ]TnpsImncp ka
bv ]pfnense aplZv Apd
lvam sse{_dnbn Rm ncam
bn t]mIpambncpp. AhnsS\npw hm
bnncp amXr`qan Bgv NXnns Xm
fpIfneqsSbmWv a\pjysbpw Ncn{X
nsbpw ]mmXy `uXnIhymJym
\ {ibns]SpXv FmtWm
a. tIcfn `uXnIhmZn\v \
tahnemkapmbncp kabam
Wv. amXr`qan BgvNXnmbncpp A
pw, Cstmses, ChnSp
s _pnPohnIfpsS {]knoIcWw.
AXn {]knoIcnsph Nne
`uXnIhmZcN\I hmbntm hn
jbw IqSpX ]TnWsapw adp]
Sn ]dtbXv BhiyamsWpw tXm
n. amXr`qan ncambn hmbnm
XpSn. tKmU ssNUns Man
Makes Himself F hniz{]kn {K
w IyqWnv _pnPohnbpw tIc
fns apJya{nbpambncp kn. A
NypXtat\m a\pjy kzbw \nan
pp F t]cn hnh\w sN
bvXXv B ImeLnemWv hmbn
Xv. a\pjymkv XnXzns khntij
XIsf apgph XakvIcnpsImv a
p arKsftmsebp tIheamb
Hcp arKhpw Hcp cmkkwbphpw am
{Xambn a\pjys\ Nn{XoIcnpIbm
Wv Ccw ]T\sfmw BXynI
ambn sNbvXncpXv. B hoWw A
Snm\clnXamsWpw ]cnip Izp
B\ns a\pjyk]s tNmZyw
sNm F{X henb _pnPohnpw
Ignbn Fpw hfsc hyambncp
p.
`uXnIhmZns hym]\n
amIvknpI Imcyamb ]phln
tm?
IyqWnv ]mn Av Ct
m {]Xybimkv{X]chpw AXn\m
Xs ISp coXnbn \ncoizchm
Z]chpambncpp. AwKXzns\ms
ISp \n_\Ifmbncpp shn
A`napJw
"IzpB\n\v apnemWv
bpnhmZw
ASnbdhv ]dXv '
sNdnbapw AplaoZv
2013 HmKv 32
cpXv. "R tIhe bpnhmZnI
f, "kbn^nIv tkmjyenk'ns
BfpIfmWv ' FsmsbmWv amIv kn
pI ]dncpXv. FpXsbm
bmepw Ah saocnbenpI Xs
bmsWv AXn \npw hyambn
cpp. AXv Ah Xs Xpdv ]d
bpIbpw sNmdpmbncpp. ]mn m
pIfneqsSbpw apw \ncoizchmZw {]
Ncnnm thn Ah ]cn{ianp.
]mn kmlnXyfpw imkv{X kmln
Xy ]cnjv t]mep Iqmbv aIfpw
B hgnv \Snb {]h\
Fmhpw AdnbmhpXmWtm.
Ckv emanI ]p\nv CXns\
mapmb adp]SnI?
sI. kn. A_q_ auehnbm
Wv BZyImefn `uXnIhmZnI
v Imcyambn adp]Sn ]dncpXv.
amIv knpI ASap \ncoizc
hmZnIsf imkv{Xobamb sXfnhpIfp
sS ]n_etmsS Atlw t\cnp.
Cu ZuXyn Amev Atlw
Gsdpsd Hmbncppshv tXm
pp. `uXnIhmZw t]mep hnjb
ssIImcyw sNm Av A[n
Iw apkvenw ]nXmcpmbncpn
. Rms\ms Cu cwKtv {]th
inpXn\v F{Xtbm apmWv sI.
knbpsS CSs]SepI \SpXv, A
]XpIfnepw apw.
]noSmWv tUm. Fw. Dkv am km
ln_v hcpXv?
AsX. `uXnIhmZn \nv C
kvemantep tUmdpsS Xncnph
chv CkvemanI]p\np sN
dpp\n]pIv in ]Ip. A
dp]XpIfpsS XpSnemWv Atl
ns a\w amapmIpXv. Rm\
v Ccw hnjbsfmpw Bgn
]TnpXpSnbnn. tUmv Izp
B\n \ Adnhpmbncpp. Izp
B\ns\ kw_n ]cymtemN\I
XsbmbncnWw Atlns
amn\v {][m\ambpw \nanambnp
mhpI. tUmdpsS Hcp mkv Rm
BZyambn tIpXv 6566 ImeL
n aZo\Xp Deqanshv Ahn
sS hnZymYnbmbncnptmgmWv. ac
Wm\cPohnXambncpp hnjbw. C
kvemans Ghpw {][m\s Xow ]
ctemIamsWv Atlw ]dbmdpm
bncpp. acWm\cPohnXamWv a\p
jyPohnXn\v AYw \IpXv F
v hfsc XbXztmsS Av ka
YnXv Hmpp. sImXpIpw aqbp
sams Nm ambn \inpt]m
IpXpt]mse a\pjy\pw acWtm
SpIqSn Fstpambn Ahkm\n
pw F `uXnIhmZnIfpsS hmZw a
\pjyPohnXs Xopw AYiq\y
ampp Fv Atlw NqnmWnp.
[mcmfw IzpB hN\ DcnpsIm
v Cmcyw XsbmWv Atlw Xs
FgppIfnepw {]kwKfnepsamw {]
[m\ambpw AhXcnnncpXv.
bpnhmZnIfpsS {]h\
tIcfn kPohambXns\pdnv ?
Fgp]XpIfnemsWv tXmpp,
F. Sn. tImhq tIcfob s]mXpkaq
ln\papntev {itbamb \ne
bn ISphp. kXykmbn_m_sb
tmep BssZhfpsS XnpI
s]mXpP\a[yn XpdpImWn
v AhnizmksXnsc t]mcm
SpIbmbncpp tImhqcns {][m\s
]Xn. kmbn_m_sb Xs apn
shv ApX ImWnm sh
phnfnpIbpw shphnfn GsSpv
hnPbnm `oa XpI C\mw \Im
sav {]Jym]npIbpw sNbvXpsIm
mWv tImhq {i ]nSnp]nbXv.
]{Xfnsems CXv Imcyambn N
sNsncpp. F\nv tXmp
Xv, tImhqcns Ccw {]h\
hgnbmWv tIcfn bpnhmZn
I Hcp \ tahnemkapmnb
Xv FmWv.
bpnhmZns Zmi\nI D
Sns\Xnsc ss[jWnIambn t]m
cmtSnh HcmfmWv Xm. F
mbncpp IzpB\ns ]n_e
n bpnhmZnIfpsS BZin
s\Xnsc NqnmWnm\pmbncp
Ghw {]kamb hnjbw?
a\pjymkvXnXzns khntij
XIfnemWv Rm apJyambpw Dun
bncpXv. a\pjys\ Ghpw \ L
S\tbmSpIqSnbmWv Amlp krnn
pXv ("Alv k\p XIzv how') Fv Izp
B FSpp]dbppv. `qanbn
aney IWn\v PpfpXn
kwkmcnm\pw FgpXm\pw hkv {Xw [
cnm\pw hml\ap]tbmKnm\pw I
gnbpXv a\jyv am{XamWv. Cu I
gnhpI Amlp {]tXyI ey
tfmSpIqSn a\pjyv \InbhbmWv
FmWv ]cnip IzpB hyam
pXv. CXm Hcp hniZoIcWw
a\pjymkv XnXzn\v \Im F{X
henb [njWmimen ]cn{ianmepw km
[yasXmWv hkvXpX. a\pjymkv
XnXzns auenIX, {kmhns A
kvXnXztmsSmw, a\pjykrnn\v
ssZhnIamb Hcptiyapspw m
]npp. bpnhmZns aaw X
Ip IzpB\ns a\pjys\ kw
_n Cu ImgvNmSns\ Jnp
Xn bpnhmZnI kqWambn
]cmPbsSpIbmWv sNbv XnpXv. H
cp Ipcn \nv Hcp BIpcn
\p hyXymkf a\pjy\v B
Ipcn \npXv. \mKcnIXsb ap
tmp\bnp AXpeymkv XnXzamWv
a\pjy. asmcp Pohnbpw Cs\bn
. ]cnWmaknmn\v CsXmcn
epw hniZoIcnm Ignbn. Hcp `uXn
IhmZnbpw Cu {]iv \s kXykam
bn hniIe\w sNbvXnn. 7576 Ime
v tImgntmSv SmtKm skn\dn
lmfnshv Fw. Fkv. Fkv \Sn
b CkvemanIv skan\mdn Rm ]d
bm {ianXv Cu ImcyfmWv. a\p
jymkvXnXzns icnbmb am\
XncndnbpIbmWv am\hnI {]Xnkn
]cnlcnm\p Htcsbmcp hgn. F
s ]pkv XIfpsS {][m\s Hcp
{]tabhpw AXmbncpp. ]cnip Izp
B\n\v FgpXnb ]cn`mjbpsS B
apJn ("ssZhnI {Khpw a\pjy
Ncn{Xhpw') "a\pjymkvXnXzw hnip
IzpB\n' F Xesn\pIogn
Rm hniZoIcnnpXpw Cu Imcy
fmWv .
CSadpIns IzpB hnai\w
henb HmSpIfpmn....
IzpB hnainsSpXv B
Zyambnmbncpntm. tIcfnX
s, icoAv hnhmZImev Ckv em
anI \nbasXnsc C. Fw. F
kns\tmep DXcn \nSw
iamb ISm{IaWfpmbnpv .
B hnai\fpsS s]mcw k
Xymt\zjnIsf t_m[ysSpm ap
kvenw ]nXmv Ffpn I
gnp. tImgntmSv, aepdw PnI
2013 HmKv 33
fn Amev hym]Iambn kwL
Snns icoAv hniZoIcW k
tf\fn kw_nv kwkmcnm
Ahkcapmb HcmfmWv Rm. hn
hmlw, hnhmltamN\w, A\cmhIm
iw XpSnb hnjbfnse Ckvem
anI \ntZisXnsc amIv knv
bpnhmZn tI{fn \npbv
h hnai\v adp]Sn ]dbpI
bmWv Acw ]cn]mSnIfn Imcyam
bn sNbv XncpXv. k_pnbph
scsbmw Ckv emanI icoAns am
\hnIXbpw hnai\fpsS ASnm
\cmlnXyhpw t_m[ysSpm A
cw ]cn]mSnI D]bpambnpv
FXmWv A\p`hw.
CSadpIns Imcynepw AXpX
sbmWv kw`hnXv. kvIqXe Ad
_n A[ym]Icmbncp Nne apkvenw
bpnhmZnI \Inb sXmb hnh
c shv CSadpIv FgpXnbXmWv
IzpB Hcp hnai\ ]T\w Fm
Wv Rm a\nemnbnpXv. CSa
dpIns ]pkv XIs BtLmjnp
sImv AXnse Bib P\fn
tesnpXn\pthn bpnhm
ZnI kwLSnn ktf\fpw kn
tmknbfpw B ]pkv XIs h
enb Nbmn. Fm AXnse hn
ai\pw iamb adp]Sn \
Im apkvenw ]nXmv Ign
tXmsS B HmSv Ahkm\np
IbmWpmbXv. IzpB GXv hna
i\sbpw AXnPbnm sI]p
ssZhnI{KamWv . sshm\nIamb
GXv IXnpNmn\papnepw AXv
APambns \ne\npw. Izp
B Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS apn
t]mep ]pkv XIfn IzpB\n
s Cu APXbmWv Rm {]Xn]m
ZyamnbnpXv.
bpnhmZnIsf ]gbXpt]mse
Ckv emw hnai\fpambn Ctm k
Pohambn ImWpn. Nne hnImcPohn
I am{XamWv Cv Cu cwKpXv .
tIcfn \nehmcap bpnhmZnI
fpsS Imew Ahkm\npthm?
IzpB\n\papn ASnbdhv ]
dXmWv tIcfnse bpnhmZnI
. kzw Zmi\nImSndIsf kw
_nv Cv GsXnepw bpnhm
Znv t_m[yaptm? a\pjymkvXnXz
hpambpw apw _sv Ckv emanI
]p\nv Dbns {]iv\
sf A`napJoIcnm t]mepw Ahcn
tm kamIpn. FmWv C
tmgpw Bib{]NcWcwKv kPoh
amsWv ]dbp aepdw Pnbnse
apkvenw t]cp "tNmm' bpIvXnhmZn
IfpsS Ctmgs ]Wn? IzpB\n
\pw aplZv \_n(k)psaXncn Xo
pw _meniamb Btcm]W Nn
e Ncn{X]pkv XIv A{]amZnXzw
I]nv FSpsdnmWv Ah k
abw IgnpXv. aXhpw `uXnIhmZ
hpw Xnep ASnm\ Zmi\nI
kwhmZfpsS ASptv t]mepw A
h hcpn, hcpXv "_pnb' F
v Ahdnbmw! IzpB\ns Im
cyw XssbSppI. IzpB\nse \n
bafn DSn\npIbmWh. B
\nbaSndbmIp Hcp Zmi
\nI ]cnkcapv. {]]sbpw a
\pjys\bpw ssZhsbpw kw_n
IzpB\ns \ne]mSmWv AXv. A
Xn A_apsv ]dbm\mWv B
mYXbp `uXnhmZnv Igntb
Xv. AXhv Ctm Ignbptbn.
bpnhmZnIfpsS `mKp\n
Ckv emw hnai\ Ctm
t\npv. ]t aoUnb krn
p Ckv emw `oXn hensbmcp {]
iv\ambn hfphcppv...
aoUnb ImWnpXv henb C
cmmWv. Ckv emapambn bsXmcp
_hpanm apkvenw sNbvXnIsf
Ckvemans t]cntev henngpI
bmWv Ah. CubSpv hmIfn
\nd aemesb t\mpI. Xzm
en_mIm Fsnepw sNbvXnp
sn AXv Ckv emans Fun
emtWm hchpshtXv? s]Ip
nI ]Tnm ]mSn F Hcp \n
baw Ckv eman C Fsmhpw
Adnbmw. tIcfnse GsXnepw ap
kv enw As\ hnizknpptm?
C. Fm, \psS aoUnb aeme
kw`hns ]mXen Ckvem
ans "XIcmdpIsf' kw_nv apkv
enw kapZmbs "t_m[hIcnm
' BWv ]cn{ianXv! Cu X{s
]cmPbsSpm IgnbWw. aeme
sFIycm{k`bnse Xs {]kwKw
Bcw`nXv Amlphns\ kv XpXnp
sImpw {]hmNI\pthn {]mYnp
sImpamWv . Fm AhfpsS {]kw
Kw "]qWambn' dntmv sNbv X ae
bmf at\mcabn B hcnI am{Xw
ImWm\n. aemev Ckv emant\mSv {]
Xn_Xbpv Fv hm ]ns
Ahsf "shSnshXv' Ckvemw BsW
v hcpnom at\mcav Ign
bntm! BfpIsf Ccw IpX{
sfpdnv t_m[hmmcmpIbmWv
AXn\mXs Cu ]mXen
sNtXv. AmsX Ckvemans\Xn
scbp KuchXcamb Zmi\nI hn
aif aoUnbsbmpw Ctm D
bnpXv.
(XmdmnbXv :
apkvX^m Xho, aplZv ilo)
2013 HmKv 34
abw Cwdms aIfstm?
adp]Sn
adnbsb IzpB ]cnNbsSppXv
Cwdm\ns aIfmbnmWtm. Fm
adnbsbpdn IrXyamb hnhc
\Ip ss__n ]pXnb \nbaw
ASap t{kmXpIsfmpwXs
adnbbpsS ]nXmhmbn Cwdm\ns\ ]
cnNbsSppn. tamibpsSbpw A
ltdmsbpw AhcpsS ktlmZcn an
cnbbpsSbpw ]nXmhmb Awdmans\p
dn ]gb\nba ]cmain\nv,
tamibpsS ktlmZcn ancnbbpw tb
ipamXmhmb adnbbpw Hcm Xsbm
sWv sXncnXpsImt, Izp
B\ns Imhv adnbbpsS ]nXm
hmWv Cwdms\v ]dbpXv?
IzpB\ns\Xncmb Cu Hmdnbenkv
v anj\dn hnai\n\v aqv Xe
fmWpXv .
1) adnbsbpdn IrXyamb hnhcw \
IpXv IzpB\, {]XypX ss_
_n ]pXnb\nbaw ASap ap
t{kmXkpIfmWv .
2) tbipamXmhmb adnbbpsS ]nXmhm
Wv Cwdm F IzpB ]cmaiw
icnb.
3) tamibpsS ktlmZcn ancnbbpw tb
ipamXmhmb adnbbpw Hcm XsbmsWv sXncnXpsImm
Wv adnbbpsS ]nXmhmWv Cwdm F ]cmaiapmbXv.
hnai\ns Hmtcm Xesfbpw thXncnv ]cntim[npXv hn
jbw ]Tnm IqSpX klmbIambnocpw.
Hv) tbipamXmhmb adnbsbtbm AhcpsS IpSpw_]ccsbtbm Ip
dn Imcyam{X{]kamb hnhcsfmpw ]pXnb\nba ]pkv XI
\Ipn. BZyambn cNns kphntijamb amtmkn
Fw. Fw. AIv_
tbipamXmhmb adnbsbtbm AhcpsS IpSpw
_]ccsbtbm Ipdn Imcyam{X{]kamb
hnhcsfmpw ]pXnb\nba ]pkvXI \
Ipn. BZyambn cNns kphntijam
b amtmkns kphntijn tbiphns\
pdnv ]cmainpnSv "Ch adnbbpsS
aI\t'sbv BfpI BcysSpXmbp
Htcsbmcp ]cmaiw am{XamWv adnbsbp
dnpXvv. AtmkvXe{]hrnIfn tbiphn
s kzKmtcmlWn\ptijw injyam A
adnbtbmsSmw \nv {]mnXmbp h
am\w am{XamWv kphntijp]pdv
ss__nfnep adnbsbpdn Htcsbmcp ]
cmaiw.
2013 HmKv 35
s kphntijn tbiphns\pdnv ]
cmainpnSv "Ch adnbbpsS aI
\t'sbv BfpI BcysSpXmbp
Htcsbmcp ]cmaiw am{XamWv adnb
sbpdnpXv (amtmkv 6:3). tbiphn
s P\\hpambn _s ]cmai
fn ApXhWbpw (1:16, 1:18, 1:20, 2:11)
]ckyip{iqjbpambn _s ]cma
ifn Hcp XhWbpw (13:55) ambnbp
sS kphntijn adnbbpsS t]cp ]cm
ainppv. tbmlms kphntij
amIs, adnbbpsS t]cv Hcnt]mepw
]cmainpn. tbipamXmhpambn _
s ]cmai ct cv XhW
am{XamWv tbmlm \SpXv. Im\m
bnse IeymWhncpn shv ]shw
homn amnb ApXspdnpw (2:1
11) tbiphns Ipcnin\pkao]w \np
hynIsfpdnpap (19:2526) ]cm
ainSbn am{XamWv tbipamXmhns\n tbmlm kwkmcn
pXv. kphntijfn Ghpa[nIw XhW adnbsbn ]cmain
ncnpXv eqtmkmWv. Xs kphntijnse tbiphns P\\
hpambn _s ]cmainSbn ]{v XhW eqtmkv adn
bbpsS t]cv ]dbppv (1:27, 30, 34, 38, 39, 41, 46, 56, 2:5, 16, 19, 34). "B
dmw amkn, Keoenbnse Hcp \Kcamb \{kn ZmhoZns tKm{X
ns] tbmk^ns {]Xn{ipX h[phmb adnbw Fpt]cp I\y
IbpsS ASptev K{_ntb amemJsb ssZhw Abp' (eqtmkv
1:27) FpXpSn iniphmb tbiphns\ Itm m\nbmb ina
tbm tbipamXmhmb adnbtbmSv C{kmtben At\IcpsS hogvNpw
Dbpw thnbmWv Cu inip \ntbmKnsncnpXv (2:34) Fv
]dbpXphsc am{XamWv adnbsbpdn eqtmkns ]cmai.
eqtmkv Xs cNnsXv IcpXsSp AtmkvXe {]hrnIfn
tbiphns kzKmtcmlWn\ptijw injyam A adnbtbmsSm
w \nv {]mnXmbp (Atm 1:14) ham\w am{XamWv kphn
tijp ]pdv ss__nfnep adnbsbpdn Htcsbmcp ]cma
iw. Npcpn ss__n ]pXnb \nbansehnsSbpw adnbsb
pdn IrXyamb hnhctfm AhcpsS amXm]nXmsftbm IpSpw_
stbm Ipdn GsXnepw Xcnep kqN\Itfm C. adnbsbp
dnv ]pXnb \nbaw \Ip AdnhpI IzpB\nse adnbbpsS ]nXm
hmWv Cwdms\ ]cmain\v hncpamsW hmZw ASnm\cln
XamsWw.
]pXnb \nban Ds]Spnbnnm, XnckvIrX {Kfmb A
tm{In^ cN\Ifn Ds]Spnbncnp sPbnwkns kphntij
nemWv tbiphns _meyImesnbp ]cmainsS adn
bsbpdnv {]Xn]mZnpXv. C{kmbo Xdhmnse k\mbncp
sbmhmbmnan\v Asb `mcybn Xs hm[IyImepmb k
XnbmWv adnbsbmWv sPbnwkns kphntijw ]dbpXv (Ronald
F. Hock: The Infancy Gospels of James and Thomas, Scholars Bible Series No:2,
Polebridge, 1996 page 32). {Inkv Xmw cmw \qmn FgpXssXv
IcpXp Cu kphntijns B[nImcnIXsbn ss{Ikv Xh ]
nXam Xs kwibw {]ISnnnpv. blqZ k{Zmbsfn
IrXyamb hnhcanm Btcm BWv Cu kphntijw cNnnpsX
pw CXnse ]cmaifpsS B[n
ImcnIX kwibmkv ]ZamsWpw {In
kv Xmw aqmw \qmn Pohn
k`m]nXmhmb HmcnK hyamn
bnpv (Catholic Answers to explain and
defend the faith, www.forums.catholic.
com). IzpB\n\nv hyXykvXam
bn adnbbpsS ]nXmhns t]cv sbm
hmbmnamsWv ]dbp Htcsbm
cp tcJbmb sPbnwkns kphnti
jw B[nImcnIaspw AXv \
Ip hnhc bYmaspap
hkvXpXIfmWv ChnsS hyam
IpXv.
ss__ntfm ap tcJItfm \Ip
Xn\nv XnIpw hyXykvXamb H
cp adnb Nn{Xw \Ip {KamWv
IzpB. abw F t]cn Hcp
kqdv A[ymbw Xs IzpB
\nepv. adnbbpsS P\\sbpw hn
ipnsbbpw sNdpwwapXpte Ah
pmbncp Aam\pjnI Ap
Xsfbpw tbiphns P\\sp
dnv Ahv e`n Znhyamb ktm
jhmsbbpw {]bmk kln
v Ah Ipns\ {]khnXns\
bpw AhcpsS hnipnsb kwibn
htcmSv Ipns\ NqnmWnXn
s\bpw Atm sXmnen InSp
tNmcssX kwkmcnXns\bp
samw Ipdnv IzpB {]Xn]mZn
ppv. ]pXnb \nbantem sP
bnwkns kphntijw t]msebp
tbipamXmhmb abans\pdnv \nehnep
GXv t{kmXpIfnepapXnt\m Ir
Xyhpw kqvahpamb hnhc \Ip
Xv IzpB\mWv. tbipamXmhns ]nXmhm
bn Cwdms\ ]cnNbsSpp IzpB ]
cmain A_aps hmZw ASnm
\clnXamWv. CXn\nv hyXykvXamb ]
cmaiw \Sp Htcsbmcp t{kmXmb
sPbnwkns kphntijw \Ip hnhc
IrXyasv ss{IkvXh ]nXam
Xs kXnppv. ]nssbs\bm
Wv abans ]nXmhns t]cv Cwdm\sv
]dbm hnaiIv km[npI?
2013 HmKv 36
adnbsbn ]cmainp ap tc
JIfntem Cm ]e Imcyfpw A
hcpsS PohnXhpambn _sv Izp
B ]dbppv. {]kv XpX {]Xn
]mZ\nSbnemWv adnbbpsS Ip
Spw_s Cwdm IpSpw_w Fp hn
fnppXpw amXmhns\n "Cwdms
kv{Xo' Fp ]dbpXpw Ahscn
"Cwdms aI' Fp ]dbpXpsa
mw. adnbbpsS ]nXmhns t]cv Cw
dm FmsW IzpB\nI ]cma
ins hnizmkyXsb tNmZyw sN
m Icpp bmsXmcp sXfnhpI
fpw IzpB hnaiIcpsS ssIhi
an .
cv) tbipamXmhmb adnbbpsS ]nXm
hmWv Cwdm F IzpB ]cma
ins hnizmkyXsb tNmZyw sN
m t]m sXfnhpIsfmpanm
Xn\m hnaiIcn Nne IzpB
hymJymXfpsS Nne A`n{]mb
FSppcnv Bibpgw
krnm {ianmdpv. IzpB\n
aqv XhWbmWv Cwdm Fv {]
tbmKnncnpXv. Cwdms\pdnv ]
cmainncnp hN\fpsS kmcw
t\mpI: "Xobmbpw BZans\bpw
\qlns\bpw C_vdmlow IpSpw_s
bpw Cwdm ISpw_sbpw temIcn
DIrcmbn Amlp XncsSp
ncnpp.' (3:33)
"Cwdms `mcy ]d k`w ({in
pI): Fs cnXmth, Fs hb
nep Ipns\ \n\mbn Dgnp
shm Rm t\ t\ncnp
p. BIbm \o Fn \nv AXv
kzoIcntWta. Xobmbpw \o (Fmw) tIph\pw Adnbph
\pas{X.' (3:35)
"Xs Kplym\w Impkn Cwdms aIfmb abans\bpw (A
mlp kXyhnizmknIv D]abmbn FSppImWnncnpp).' (66:12)
CXnse Hmas kqn (3:33) "C{_mlnw IpSpw_sbpw Cwdm
IpSpw_sbpw Amlp temIcn DIrcmbn sXcsSpncn
pp'shv ]dXns\ hymJym\n ]nXam {]ISnn A`n
{]mbhyXymks NqnsmmWv XfpsS hnai\w hkvXp\njvT
amsWv hcpnophm hnaiI ]cn{ianpXv. Cu kq
n Cwdm IpSpw_sav ]dXv adnbbpsS ]nXmhmb Cwdm\ns
IpSpw_w F AnemtWm AX aqk(A)bpsS ]nXmhmb Cw
dm\ns IpSpw_w F AnemtWm F hnjbnemWv ]
nXam A`n{]mb hyXymkw tcJsSpnbncnpXv. Cu A`n
{]mb hyXymkspdnv BZyIme IzpB hymJymXfnsemcmfm
b Camw kaivJcn Xs X^vkodp Iivim^n (www.altafsir.com) hy
amppv. tamsibpsS ]nXmhmb Awdmans\n IzpB\ntem
kzlolmb lZoYpIfntem Hpw Xs ]cmaifn. {]hmNI\mb
bmtm_n\v tebmbn P\n tehnbpsS aI\mb sImlmns ]p
{X\mWv ]gb \nba{]Imcw Awdmw. Atln\v Xs ]nXrktlmZ
cnbmb tbmts_Znepmb afmWv tamibpw Altdm\pw ancnbmbp
samw Fv ]pdmSp ]pkvXIhpw (6:20) kwJym]pkvXIhpw ]dbpp
v (26:59). ss__n ]gb\nban ]cnNbsSpnbnp Awdm
ans ]p{X]mccyamImw BepCwdm (Cwdm IpSpw_w) FXpsIm
v hnhnssXv tcJsSpnb IzpB hymJymXm C
_v dmlow IpSpw_stmse {]hmNIamcpsS \ntbmKw sImv A
\p{KlnsXv tamsibpsS ]nXmhmb AwdmamsW \ymboIcWam
Wv AXnv Dt]m_eIambn ]dncnpXv. kXyhnizmknIv
apgph amXrIbmbn IzpB DbnmWnp adnbbpsS (d) ]n
Xmhpw {]apJcmb {]hmNIamcn (Dep Akv av ) Hcmfmb Cuk(A)bp
sS {]]nXmhpamb Cwdm\ns IpSpw_w XsbmWv ChnS hnhn
sncnpsXv kanph, Cu alZvhynXzfpsS kmn
[yw Xs aXn B IpSpw_w A\p{KlnsXmsW IzpB\nI ]
cmain\v Dt]m_eIambn F \ymboIcWamWv aptmpshn
cnpXv. Bep Cwdm AYhm Cwdm IpSpw_w Fv {]Xn]mZnXv
tamsi]nXmhmb Awdmans IpSpw_s hnhnpsImmsWpw
AX adnbm ]nXmhmb Cwdm\ns IpSpw_s IpdnmsWpsamw
A`n{]mbw ]d ]qhIme ]nX
amscmw Xs adnbbpsS ]nXmhns b
Ym \maw Cwdm Fp XsbmsW
v A`n{]mbsSphcmWv. Fm ap
lZv AkZns\t]msebp Nne Cwo
jv IzpB hymJymXm IzpB 3:35
se adnbm amXmhns\pdn Cwdm\ns
Hcp kv{Xo (CwdAp Cwdm) F ]cm
aiwsImv tami ]nXmhmb Cwdm\ns
IpSpw_nse Hcp kv {Xo Fpw Izp
B 66:12 se adnbsbpdn Cwdm\ns
]p{Xn (C_v\ Cwdm) FXpsImv
Cwdm\ns ]p{Xo]mccynep B
FpamImw hnhnsXv A`n{]mbs
npv. (Muhammed Asad: The Message of
the Quran, Gibiralta, 1980, Page 71, 878). adn
tamibpsS amXmhmb ancnbbpw tbipamXm
hmb adnbbpw Hcm XsbmsWv sXn
cnXn\memWv IzpB adnbbpsS ]nXm
hmbn Cwdm\ns\ ]cmainsX hnai\w
adp]Sn Alnm{X ASnm\clnXam
Wv. aqkm\_n(A)ptijw XeapdI I
gnv Pohn hynIfmbnsbmWv Izp
B abans\bpw Cukm\_n(A)sbbpw
]cnNbsSppsXv Ahsc kw_n
kq kpXcmw hyamppv.
2013 HmKv 37
bsb kqdpaban "lmdq\ns ktlmZcn' (IzpB 19:28) sbv
hnfnXpt]msebp Hcp {]tbmKw am{XamWv CXv FmWv aplZv
AkZns A`n{]mbw. Cu A`n{]mbw icnbsmWv sXfnhpI hy
ampXv. HmaXmbn, "lmdq\ns ktlmZcn'sb A`nkwt_m
[\ abans Imes C{kmboeycptSXmsWmWv IzpB hy
ampXv. C{kmboeycnep hnipcmb kv{XoIsf Altdm\p
ambn _sSpn hnfnmdpmbncppshv ss__n hyam
ppv (eqtmkv 1:6). Cwdm\ns kv{Xosbpw Cwdm\ns ]p{Xn
sbpap IzpB\nI {]tbmK BcpsSsbnepw A`nkwt_m
[\sb DcnX, {]XypX IzpB\ntXpXsbmWv. IzpB \
Sp ]cmaisfmw IrXyambncnpsapdmWv. abans am
Xmhns\pdnv "Cwdms kv{Xo'sbpw abans\pdnv "Cwdms
]p{Xn'sbpw ]dXn\nv abans ]nXmhns t]cpXsbm
Wv Cwdm FmWv a\nemIpXv.
am{Xhpa, Camw Xz_vvcnbSap apkvenw Ncn{XImcam adnbbp
sS ]nXmhmb Cwdm\ns hwi]mccyspdnv ]dbpXn\nv
BZyIme apkvv enwIsfmw adnbbpsS ]nXmhns t]cmbn a\nem
nbncpXv Cwdm FpXsbmbncppshv hyamIppv. Zm
hoZns aI\mb kpsseams aI\mb dm_oans aI\mb F_nb
bpsS aI\mb Fim_odns aI\mb blvhimns aI\mb bmtc
ans aI\mb Alvknlphns aI\mb bmhqins aI\mb Fwkn
sbbpsS aI\mb BkcybpsS aI\mb bqtians aI\mb Alvkn
ns aI\mb lkvvhnbbpsS aI\mb anibpsS aI\mb Faq\n
s aI\mb sbtans aI\mb Cwdm\v lbnepmb aIfmWv adnbsb
mWv Camw Xz_v v cn kqdp Bep Cwdm\ns 35mw hN\s hymJym\np
sImp hyampXv . ]nXam Xnep A`n{]mb hyXymkw adn
bans ]nXmhns t]cns\ kw_npX, {]XypX Cwdm IpSpw_w
sImv hnhnXv BcpsS IpSpw_spdnmWv FXnemWv F h
kv XpXbmWv CsXmw shfnsSppXv .
aqv ) tamibpsS amXmhmb ancnbbpw tbipamXmhmb adnbbpw Hcm Xs
bmsWv aplZv \_n (k) sXncnXn\memWv Atlw FgpXn
bpmbnnb(Amlphn icWw!) IzpB\n adnbbpsS ]nXmhm
bn Cwdm\ns\ ]cmainsX hnai\w adp]Sn Alnm{X
ASnm\clnXamWv. IzpB\n Ghpw A[nIw Bhns
np a\pjy\maw aqkm \_n(A)bpsSXmWv. C{kmboeynSbn
P\np BIppsfsbmw h[npIfbWsav Dchn
^nHu\ns sImmcn Xs aqkm iniphmbn hfphcnIbpw
AhnsS\nv ]pdpt]mthn hcnIbpw hnhmlnX\mb tijw Xncn
phcptm hnipamb Xzphm Xmgv hcbn shv {]hmNIXzw e`n
pIbpw ^nHu ASaphtcmSv kXyaX {]t_m[\w sNm\m
bn ktlmZc lmdq\ns\bpw kl{]hmNI\mbn e`npIbpw cp
t]cpwIqSn ^nHu\ns sImmcnsen {kmhv am{XamWv Bcm
[\I AlnpsX Xzw Dds {]Jym]npIbpw {]hmN
IamcmsWv shfnsSppXn\mbn X v e `n A am \p
jn I Zr m fp ] tbm Kn v ^n Hu \n s am {n I hn Zy m cp
am bn A h a cn p I bpw A Xn hn P bn p I bpw am {n I
k Xy a Xw kzo I cn p I bpw sN bv X Xpw ^n Hu \n s ]o U \
k ln p sIm v B Z i {] t_m [ \w \n h ln Xpw K Xy c
an m sX C{kmboeyscbpw Iqn ]emb\w sNbvXXpw kap{Zw ]nf
Xpw kXyhnizmknI cs]Xpw kap{Zw Hmbtm ^nHu\pw
Iqcpw apn\inXpw tijw C{kmboeysc \bnpIbpw Ahm
bp ssZhnI{Kw Xudmv Amlphn\nv kzoIcnpIbpw
sNbvXXpsamambn aqkm \_nbpsS
(A) Ncn{Xnse {][m\ kw`h
fntesmw 136 kqfnembn Izp
B shfnw hoippv. Cukm
\_nbpsS t]cmIs, IzpB\n 25
XhWbmWv {]tbmKnsncnp
Xv. akolv Fv 11 XhWbpw C_v\p
adnbw Fv 23 XhWbpw ]dXv
CXv IqSmsXbmWv. ]pXnb \nban
]dXpw AmXpamb tbip
PohnXnse kw`hfntev Izp
B shfnw hoippv. IzpB\n
t]scSpv ]dnp Htcsbm
cp kv{Xo\maamWv abw FXv. 34
XhW abans \maw IzpB B
hnppv. Ch hmbnp B
cpw Xs tbipamXmhmbn IzpB
]dbp abw GItZiw ]Xn\mep
\qmpIpapv Pohn tamibp
sS amXmhmbn ss__n ]cnNbs
Spp ancnbamsWv sXncnp
sImmWv abans ]nXmhmWv Cw
dms\v IzpB ]dbpXv Fv a
\nempIbnsv DdmWv. aqkm
\_n(A)ptijw XeapdI Ign
v Pohn hynIfmbnsbmWv
IzpB abans\bpw Cukm\_n
(A)sbbpw ]cnNbsSppsXv
Ahsc kw_n kq kp
Xcmw hyamppv.
tbipamXmhmb abans\pdnv \ne
hnep GXv t{kmXpIfnepapXn
t\m IrXyhpw kqvahpamb hn
hc \IpXv IzpB\mWv. A
XpsImpXs tbipamXmhns ]n
Xmhmbn Cwdms\ ]cnNbsSpp
IzpB\n A_aps hmZw A
Snm\clnXamWv. CXn\nv hy
XykvXamb ]cmaiw \Sp Htc
sbmcp t{kmXmb sPbnwkns kp
hntijw \Ip hnhc IrXy
asv ss{IkvXh ]nXam X
s kXnppv . ]nssbs\
bmWv abans ]nXmhns t]cv Cw
dm\sv ]dbm hnaiIv km
[npI? IzpB\ns\Xnsc Dbn
sSp hnai\sfmw ASnm
\clnXamsWpw Hmtcm hnai\
DbnsSptmgpw IzpB\ns
alXzw h[npI am{XamWv sNp
sXpamWv CsXmw hyamp
Xv .
2013 HmKv 38
"AhImihmZfpsS ]pkvXIw!'
dnmUv tUmInkns `qanbnse Ghpw
almb Zriyhnkvabw ]cnWmans
sXfnhpI F ]pkv XIw
hnebncpsSpp `mKw 3
Aen sNmSv
ap A[ymbn ]cnWmasa Bibw a\pjys 6 ew (?) hjs
Ncn{Xnepw \mKcnI a\pjys 7000 hjs Ncn{Xn\nSbnepw Hc \q
mpapphsc Bcpw Bhnjv IcnmXncp Imcyw N sNbv Xp. C\n, Cu
Hc \qmv apv BhnjvIcn Umhns knmw Cmebfhn khmw
KoIrXambncptm? Umhn Xs XpScs: ""Cu {Kw C{]Imcw \nfpsS
apnsepXn\v appXs Hcp Iqw sshjay hmb\msc Aenbn
cnpw. sXfn lrZbtmsS Cu hnjbw AhXcnnm Cpw F\nv I
gnbpn.''
(60)
knmahXcnn Umhn Xs Bhnizmkanmbva Xpdp ]d
XmWnXv. Cu am\knI kwLjn\npw Ic Ibdm Xs {Kn
knmnse sshjay Fsmc[ymbw tNv {ianppv. knm
cq]oIcW kabv Atls ]nSnIqSnb BkwLjhpw at\mss\
cmiyhpw shdpsX Bbncpn. Cu ImeLn Pohn ]e GIO{Xm[n]
XnIfpsSbpw a\pjyhncp {]m\fpsSbpw `oIccmjv{SfpsSbpw ]np
Atacnbnsebpw
{_nWnsebpw
bm Ym n Xn I
{Inkv Xym\nIsf
eyansgpXnb
tUmInkns
Cu IrXn
tIcfs t]mse
Znimt_m[ap
Hcp P\Xbn
{]knoIcnXv
anXamb `mjbn
]dm Ahsc
A]am\npXn
\p XpeyamWv.
XfpsS AtX
_pn\nehmcam
Wv Fm aebmfn
Ipw
F m tWm
bpnhmZnI
[cnp
shncnpXv?
2013 HmKv 39
Wbpw t{]mml\fpw \ntem`
kmnIklmbfpw Dmbnpw, C
Xn\p ]cnlmcambn. Umhn A\p
`hn {]iv\ tUmInkpw N
sNppv. Umhns PohPmXnIfp
sS D]nbn\np {]IrXn \n
[mcWspdn A]w ZoLam
b HcpcWnv tijw tUmInkv F
gpXpp:
""km[mcW sNmdpXpt]mse
Rm\nhnsS DcnXv Umhns am
]okv {Kns BZy ]Xnn\n
mWv. Cmcyn hfsc ckIcam
b Hcp Iqnt ]nIme ]Xn
pIfn ImWm Ignbpw: ""Bemcn
Iambn ]dbm IgnbpsXsm
{]IrXn \n[mcWsaXv Hmtcm Znh
khpw Hmtcm aWnqdpw .....'' (Du
t_m[]qhw \InbXv). "]dbm
IgnbpsXsm' F hmNIn
eqsS Umhn th{X IcpXseSp
sv \n Nnntmw. Fm
AtltmsSmw {]IrXn\n[m
cWw Ip]nSn hmeUns ]
\nv Hcp Iv 1866 Umhn\v e`n
pIbpmbn. sXnmcWIsf {]Xn
tcm[nm CXnepw henb thens
pI AXymhiyamsW \ntZiam
Wv hmeUv AXn aptmpshXv.''
(61)
Cu hmNIn \nv Xs Umhn
Xs ]pkvXIw {]knoIcn Im
ew apXse iamb {]Xntcm[n
embncppshv a\nemIpp. Um
hns kl{]hI\pw A`yqZb
Imwnbpambncp hmeUv Umhns\
D]tZinp Ip IqSn tUmInkv
Dcnppv:
""Fs {]nbs Umhn,
{]IrXn\n[mcWns kzbw{]
h\tijnbpw ]cnWnX{]`mhhpw
th{X hyambn a\nemm {]
bmksSp Asn km[nm
\nch[n _pnPohnIfpsS XnI I
gnhptISv Fs \nccw XSsSp
pIbmWv. AXpsImv ]dbs, Xm
AXv \nhlnp ssien \
s t]msebp ]epw F{XXs
kphyhpw kpchpambn tXmnbm
epw AXv km[mcW P\ns\ ]q
Wambn t_m[ysSpm icnpw A
\ptbmPyamsWv tXmpn.''
(62)
km[mcW P\sf t]mbnv _p
nPohnIfpsS _pnbnt]mepw hn
Nmchnhapmm Umhn\mbn
FXmWtm Cu DcWnbn\npw
hyamhpXv. tUmInkv XpScpp:
""XpSv hmeUv {^v {KI
mhmb Pm\ns\ Dcnpp, A
tlamIs Umhns\bpw hmeUns\
bpw t]msebmbncpn Xopw Ip
gpadn Hcp hynXzambncpp:
Fs A`n{]mbn XmfpsS Zu
_eyambn Atlw hnebncppXv
{]IrXn\n[mcW {]{Inbv Bhiy
amb Nnbpw KXnbpw Xm th
{X ]cnKWnpnsXmWv. Cu X
ShmZw XmfpsS apJy FXncmfnI
IpdXv ]ncp]Xv XhWsbn
epw Dbnnpv. Rm Xs ]e
tmgpw Cmcyw t\cnp kw`mj
Wn tIncnpp. Xm {]Ir
Xn \n[mcWw F hmpXs sX
csSpXpw a\pjy \Sp
sXcsSppambn AXns\ ncam
bn XmcXaysSppXpw sXcs
Spns hynKX {]Xn\n[nbmbn {]
IrXnsb \nhNnpXpamWv FXnc
`n{]mb Dbm\nSbmbsXpw
tXmpp.''
(63)
hf PohnIfnepw Irjnbnepw
a\pjys CSs]SepI aqew Nne
hyXnbm\ hcppv . CXpt]mse
{]IrXn \n[mcWsa ktXw {]
hnncnmw F IWpIqem
Wv Xs knm cq]oIcWnte
v Umhns\ \bnXv. tUmInkn
s\bpw Cu Dulw aYnncpp Fv
\mw a\nemn. Fm Umhns
kl{]hI hmeUpw KpWImw
nbpw ]cnWmahnizmknbpambncp
{] ] m cw ` s kw _ n
ss__n ImeKW\ ASnm
\clnXamsW Imcyntem
AXv ASn hnizknp {In
kvXpaX auenIhmZnI hna
instSXps Imcy
n tem X an . F m ,
ss__n IYIfpsS A{Xt]m
epw B[nImcnIXbnm "]
cnWmaY'bn ASnbpdv hn
iz kn p tUm n kn s\
tmsemcm ChmenpIsf
hnainpXn FYam
WpXv? cp Iqcpw A
hnizmknIfmWv FXmWv C
njbIamb t\cv.
2013 HmKv 40
Pm\pw hsc Krl]cn]me\hpw {]
IrXn\n[mcWhpw IqnpghXcnn
Xns\ tNmZyw sNpp. Fnpw C
pw tUmInkv AtX ktXap]tbm
Knv ]cnWmaw sXfnbnmw Fq aq
Vhnizmkhpambn aptmp t]mhpp
FXv F{Xam{Xw Zb\oba!
{]IrXn\n[mcWs ]cnWma
ns {]h\ktXambn tUmIn
kv AhXcnnpp. ""hnPbIcam
b A\pIqe\w km[yamp ]cnWm
ans tlXphmbn {]IrXn \n[mc
WamsX asmcp _Z ktXw Nq
nmm km[np Btcbpw Rm
\nphsc Inn.''
(64)
{]IrXn\n[mcWn C{Xbpw
Bhnizmkap tUmInkv Xs
]dbpp: ""AtXkabw {]IrXn\n[m
cWamtWm ]cnWmans {][m\ Nm
eIinsbXv kw_nv Cpw
kwib (Ijv Snv ) DbpXn
hntcm[an.''
(65)
tUmInkn\v t]mepw
\nban FYw. knm cq]o
IcW Imew apX Cthsc 150te
sd hjfmbnpw Umhn ]cnWm
ans NmeIinbpw kmtXnI
hnZybpambn Nqnmnb {]IrXn \n
[mcWhpw ]cnWma knmhpw A
Xns A\pbmbnIfpw hmfpw X
s tNmZyw sNbvXpsImncnpp.
Fnepw ]cnWmahnizmknI AXn
ZrVambn hnizknpsImncnp
p!
""]cnWmas kwibnp Ncn
{X\ntj[nI Pohimkv{Xspdn
v AcmsWn temIapmbnv
]Xn\mbncw hjw t]mepambnnsv
hmZnphcpsS Imcyw AXnepw ]cn
Xm]IcamWv. Ah hn{`mnSns
ncnppshp am{Xa AXhsc hn
eWXbpsS AXnnIfntev h
ensdnbpIbmWv. tIhew Pohimkv
{X \ntj[nI am{Xah.''
(66)
{K
ns \memw A[ymbns XpS
amWnXv. temIns {]mbw tIhew
10000 hj am{XamsWv hnizkn
p P\hn`mKspdnv tUmIn
kv hmNme\mIpXv ChnsS am{Xa.
asmcp ev ]dbpp: ""a\pjy
\p]sSbp khPohPmesfbpw
ssZhw krjvSnXv IjvSnv ]Xn\mbn
cw hjw apmsWpw Cu hn`mKw
Ddphnizknpp. {_nWn Cq
cpsS Fw A{X DbXsnepw
BibpWpwhn[w hensbmcp kw
JybmWv AhnsSbpXv.
(67)
`qanv ]Xn
\mbncw hjw {]mbw IWmp
GsXnepw bmYmnXnI hn`mKs
am{Xw eyansgpXnbXmtWm tUmIn
kns ]pkvXIsav Bcpw kwi
bnpt]mIpw. AXn\v hniZoIcWhpw
e`nppv ]pkv XIn\nv: ""A
tacnbnse Chmen ss{Ikv
Xhsc eyanv FgpXnbXmsW {]
XoXnbpfhmppshnepw ISp
krjvSnhmZnI Xs ]pkvXIw hm
bnv a\nemWsa Dtiyw tUm
Inkn\pXmbn tXmpIbn.''
(68)
{]
]mcw`s kw_n ss__n
ImeKW\ ASnm\clnXamsW
Imcyntem AXv ASn hnizknp
{Inkv XpaX auenIhmZnI hna
instSXps Imcyntem X
an. Fm, ss__n IYIfp
sS A{Xt]mepw B[nImcnIXbnm
{Kns \memw A[ymbn,
]cnWman\v kab_nX Ncn
{Xw e`yamsWv ]dbpIbpw In
dpIrXyXtbmsS Ah kanmw
F v ho c hm Zw ap g p I bpw sN
p p v . B Zy `m K v ] cn Wm aw
sXfnbnpw, ]cnWmans sXfn
hpI BtLmjnpw XpSnb A
hImihmZ apgnbXpt]mse
s! Fm tUmnkns
]pkv XIw ]ebmhn hmbnm
epw Umhn aptmpshXn Iq
SpX sXfnhpItfXpw CnjbI
ambn tUmInkv aptmpshnn
F Xncndnhv am{XamWv _m
n bm hp I. A h Im i hm Z fp sS
]pkvXIw FmIpambncpp, tUm
nkns {Kn\v IptdIqSn
A\ptbmPyamb t]cv!
2013 HmKv 41
"]cnWmaY'bn ASnbpdv hnizkn
p tUmnkns\tmsemcm C
hmenpIsf hnainpXn F
YamWpXv? cp Iqcpw A
hnizmknIfmWv FXmWv CnjbI
amb t\cv.
Atacnbnsebpw {_nWnsebpw
bmYmnXnI {Inkv Xym\nIsf ey
ansgpXnb tUmInkns Cu IrXn
tIcfs t]mse Znimt_m[ap H
cp P\Xbn {]knoIcnXv anXam
b `mjbn ]dm Ahsc A]
am\npXn\p XpeyamWv. A]am\n
pI, AhtlfnpI XpSnb Imcy
tUmInkn\v A{X Kuchap
Imcya. tKmUv sUeyqj F Ir
XnbneqsS Atlw sNbvXXv `qanbn
ep kIe ssZh, aX hnizmknIsf
bpw am\knItcmKnIfpw {`mamcp
ambn Nn{XoIcnpI am{Xambncpp.
Cu IrXnbnepw Acw Ahtlf\
XpScpp. A]w apv \mw I
HcpcWnbn ]cnWmas Aw
KoIcnmh "hn{`mnSnsncn
pp' Fv \mw hmbnp. Pm\nse
apphsc Atlw hntijnnp
Xv arK FmWv: ""slbv InbbpsS
Imcynset]mse `WtbmKyam
b ]eXpw GsXnepw ss]imNnI cq
]tmSp kmayw ImcWw apph
cmb "arK' ISentev Xncnsdn
Xv hgn ......''
(69)
tUmInkpw ]cnWm
ahnizmknIfpw Xobmbpw kzbw ar
Ksfv A`nam\nphcmWv . Fm
km[mcW a\pjy X a\pjy
cmsWXn Bm`nam\w sImp
hcpw arKsav hnfnsSpXv C
jvSsSmhcpamWv F Imcyw A
h ]cnKWntXnt?! asmcp
ev Atlw Xs ]Xnhpssienbn
`mcXobsc A]am\nppv. A
tlsagpXpp: ""B ]cn]mSnbn ]
sSpncppshn Rm ]dbp
Xv GXmv C{]Imcambncnpw: apw
ss_ XpdapJs ZpKw apnI
fbm\mbn \mw Cthm UntImWnse sh
mnen ssIapmdn.''
(70)
Cu c
p {]tbmKfpw A\mhiyambn tN
Ahtlf\fmWv . Hcp am\y\pw
kwkvImck\pamb FgppImc
\n\nv Ccw kwkvImciq\y ]Z
{]tbmK DmIpambncpn. Nn
e k`fn Hgnhmm\mhm
kmlNcy kZv hnt[b\m
bn Ccw ]Z{]tbmK \St
Xmbn htmw. FmenhnsS A
csamcp BhiyanmsXbmWv Ccw
{]tbmK \SpXv. Ccw A
htlf\ ]e efnepw \nd
p\nppv IrXnbn. ]cnWm
ahmZns AtmkvXe\v hwiob/
{]mtZinI Zpc`nam\fpmhpI kzm
`mhnIw am{XamsWdnbphv C
Xn henb ApXsampw A\p`h
sSpIbn.
Ir{Xna \n[mcWn\v "hy
hpw hkvXp\njvThpw ]coWmI
hpamb' Nne sXfnhpI AhXcnn
ppv {Kn. Ah IqSn ]cn
NbsSpXv ckIcambncnpw. ""G
Xmv 25 hjn\papv Ir{Xna \n
[mcWns Icpv hyamp
Hcp Iyq naptej Rm Xm
dmpIbpmbn. Hcp Iyq sKbn
ambncpp AXv. tdmUv, \mb, Ip
Imen Fo C\fn Ghpw \
{_oUnn\p km\w e`np co
XnbnemWv sKbnw Bkq{XWw sNbv
XncpXv. Ifnmcs apn HXv
cq] kv{Io\n sXfnbpw. "Iyq
_tbmtam^vUv' FmWh Adn
bsSpX.v''
(71)
XpSv Cu sKbnw F
s\ ]ptcmKanppshv hniZoI
cnpp. ZoL`bw ImcWw ChnsS
]Ipn. ""\t\{X sImv
kv{Io\n t\mn _tbmtam^pI
sXcsSpptm Ifnmc A
Poh]cnWman\v sXfnht\zjn
v tUmInkpw ]cnWmahnizm
knIfpw `qan samw Aep
Xncnv \ncmicmbpw taml`wK
n\Snaspw Xfphogptm
asmcp "]cnWmaw' GXm\pw
\nanjpn \psS I
apn \SpXv ImWmXn
cncpXv. 128mw t]Pn tUmIn
kns\ \mw ]cnNbsSpXv tI
hew aWnqdns hyXymkn
hr h e b k t X ap ] tbm
Knv ]cnWmaw sXfnbnm t]mIp ]cnWma imkv{X\mbmWv. F
m Hcp t]Pv adntm "Innsbp hcmw' Fp {]Xonp asm
cp tUmInkns\bpw hopw t]Pv adnv 130, 131senbtXmSpIqSn kI
e Bhnizmkhpw {]Xobpw \jv Sambn taml`wKsv hne]np
tUmInsk ] a\pjys\bpamWv.
2013 HmKv 42
dnpsImsnepw icnpw sXc
sSppXv Po\pIsf Xsbm
W.v''
(72)
XpSv ]coWw Fs\sb
v IqSn hniZoIcnpp: ""P\nXI im
kv{Xns Imcyw Xmew Ahn
sS \ns. {`qWimkv{Xw ]cnKWn
ptm Imcy IqSpX Bth
iIcambnocpw. Po\pIfmb kwJy
Isf kzm[o\nv kv{Io\n {]Xy
sSp BIrXnI cq]sSpp
{]{InbbmWv _tbmtam^pIfpsS {`q
Wimkv{Xw sImv hnhnXamIp
Xv. hyXykvXamb ]e {`qWimkv{X
fpw `mh\bn k]nmhpXm
Wv. Ahbn Nneh Rm kzbw ]co
np t\mnbnp.v''
(73)
Cu ]co
Wns ^ew t\cn Iv Ddnv
\tmSv ]dbpXv ""BPoh\m Po
himkv{X Fv kzbw {]Jym
]n''
(74)
tUmInkmWv. C\nbpw C
cw "iamb' ]coW \ncoW
hniZamppv ]pkv XIn. A
Xntev ASp `mKfn t]mhmw.
ChnsS ]coWambn tUmInkv A
hXcnnnpXv `mh\bpw k]
hpw FXn\pdw Iyq sKbnw B
Wv. sI. Pn. hnZymnIfmbncnptam,
Cu ]coWw \Sm thn tUm
nkv sImphcm Dtinnp "K
thjW]Sp'? C{Xbpw "imkv{Xo
bambn' ]cnWman\v sXfnhpI I
sp "BPohm\ Pohimkv {X
' `qanbn thsdbpmhn!
{Kns \memw A[ymbn
s Xesv "\ni_vZXbpw Cgbp
kabhpw' FmWv. Cu A[ymbn
]ucmWnI inem]mZap{ZIfpsSbpw
t^mknepIfpsSbpw apw {]mbw \n
bnp coXnimkv{Xfpw am\Z
fpw hniZamppv. Gsd A
dnhp]Icp Hcp A[ymbw Xsbm
WnXv. Cu `mKv ]cnWman\v ka
b_nX Ncn{Xw e`yamsWv ]d
bpIbpw IndpIrXyXtbmsS Ah ka
nmw Fv hochmZw apgpIbpw
sNppv. BZy`mKv ]cnWmaw
sXfnbnpw, ]cnWmans sXfnhp
I BtLmjnpw XpSnb AhIm
ihmZ apgnbXpt]mses!
Atlw ]dbpXv ImWpI: ""]cnWm
a imkv{X\v e`yamb LSnImc
IrXyXbpsS Imcyn IptdqSn
sas km[yXIfmWv aptmpsh
pXv. Ds]ncnp ImessZ
Lyw IqSn IWnseSpptm B
LSnImc ImWnp kabw Ir
Xyw \SXn\v Hcp aWnq hsc A
tmtm Ctmtm Bsbphcmw, A
{Xtb Dq!''
(75)
Fm tUmnkn
s ]pkvXIw ]ebmhn hmbnm
epw Umhn aptmpshXn IqSp
X sXfnhpItfXpw CnjbIambn
tUmInkv aptmpshnn F Xn
cndnhv am{XamWv _mnbmhpI. A
hImihmZfpsS ]pkv XIw FmIp
ambncpp, tUmnkns {Kn
\v IptdIqSn A\ptbmPyamb t]cv F
v tXmpp.
t^mknepIfpsS {]mb\nWbn
\v hyXykv X LSnImcfpw am\Z
fpw AfhptImepIfpw tUmInkv
]cnNbsSpppv. Ah Hc]w
a\nemmw. ""skv, an\pv XpS
nb kabam]\fpsS ASnm\
nemWv a\pjy\nanX LSnImc
{]hnpXv . ]cnWmaam\Z
fpambn XmcXaysSpptm Cu
am]\ hfsc sNdpXmWv. \psS
LSnImcfn kabw Afm\mbn
D]tbmKnp {]{InbI hfsc th
Kn kw`hnpXmWv. s]Up
ens tZme\w, slb kv {]nwKns
Xncnb, {Inens tZme\w, sh
m{Xtam aWnq mtkm DWms\
Spp kabw, `qanbpsS {`aWw (kq
cy F Ubens klmbtmsS
tcJsSppXv ) XpSnbhsbms
bmWv kabafm\mbn \mw B{ibn
p {]{InbI. ]cnWmans A
XnaKXnbnep kabam\In
aqv temI{]ikvX et_mddnIfnte
v Htc ]Zmw Im_ tUnn
\bnv Hcp \qmns hyXymkap
aqv Ime\nWb ^ew e`npshm
Wv tUmnkv ]dbpXv. Fp \qm
n Xmsg am{Xw ]gap Hcp h
kvXphns Ime\nWbw \Snbtm
104 hjs hyXymkw hcpp
Im_ tUnv 15000 hjw ]g
ap H cp h kv Xp hn s tU n v \ S
nbm cmbnctmfw hjs
hyXymkw hcpnt? CXv etam,
Zietam, tImSntbm, iXtImSntbm
]gap hkvXpfnemsWn F
{X henb hyXymkambncnpw ImWn
pI?
2013 HmKv 43
F LSnImchpw Afhv LSnImc
hpw \apv Hcpt]mse e`yamWv. ]
s ]cnWmas Ipdnv At\zjWw
\Sm ham\Ime kabw ]d
pXcp hmv, kc LSnImcw
XpSnb D]IcWf \apv th
Xv. tmv hmns\ t]mse kuI
cymw ]p\{IaoIcnmhp Hcp L
SnImcamWXn\mhiyw. ]qPynemm
km[np \nch[n {]IrXnP\y
amb LSnImc `mKyn\v \apv
e`yamWv''.
(76)
Ccw Nne kabam]n
\nI {Kn ]cnNbsSppp
v . BZyw ]cnNbsSppXv hr
hmjnI hebfmWv. Hmtcm hr
nsbpw hfbpsS (hw sh
ens) ]mZap{ZI hrn hmbn
sSpmw. acw DcpSnIv Ia\ob
Zriy`wKn ]IcpXv Cu hmjnI h
fbfmWv. thKn hfcp ac
fpsS kucyw Gsd \b\m\Icam
Wv. AXneqsS hrns {]mbsa
{Xsbv hmbnsSpmw. tUmInkv
hrhebsfpdnv Gsd B
hnizmkw {]ISnnppv: ""{]mNo
\amb XSnjWfpsS {]mbw G
Xmv Hcp hjw Atmtm Ctm
tm F tXmXnep IrXyXtbmsS
Ism klmbnp ktXam
Wv hr heb LSnImcwcw.''
(77)
""A
SpnsSbp acfpsS {]mbafm
\mbn acw apdnn hjn Ghpw
]pdpImWs hebn\nv ]n
tmv FpIbmWv sNpXv. C
s\ e`np AfhpIfn\nv he
bfpsS Hcp d^dkv tiJcw \n
anpp. \nv {]mbw Ism
\mbp {]mNo\acns ]pcmhkv
Xp kmnfpIfpambn CXns\ XmcX
aysSppp. Atm Cs\sbm
cp dntmv Innsbphcmw: "".... ({]m
No\ acns) heb{Iaw d^dkv
tiJcnep 1541 apX 1547 hsc
bp Imebfhn hogvs ac
fpsS heb{Iahpambn Hpt]mIp
Xmbn Incnpp.''
(78)
Cu DcWnbn
Du \Inb `mKw {inpI.
ChnsS kabn]vXX Ddn; Innsb
phcmw F {]Xo am{XamWv. ap
DcWnbn tUmInkv ]dXv
acns {]mbw tIhew cphj
s Gpdnen IrXyambn hy
ammw Fmbncppshn Hcp t]
Pv adntm Innsbp hcmw F
shdpw {]Xobntev ]cnWan
XmWv \apnhnsS ImWmhpXv.
]cnWmans {]mbafm ]
cnWmahnizmknIfpsS apnep am
Kw t^mknepIfmWtm. hrhe
b LSnImcw hr t^mknepIfpsS
{]mbafm D]Icnptam FXv Iq
Sn {]kamWv. tUmInkv Xs hn
iZoIcns: ""sUt{Umt{ImtWmfPn
sb kw_n Ghpw ApXIc
amb Imcysasm XmznIambn
sXmSp hjw hsc Fp co
Xnbn IrXyamb IWv e`npw. 100
Ziew hjw ]gap inemhr
X Im\\ns Imcynt]mepw A
Xv {]kamWv. Hcp PpdmknIv bpK
n t^mkneoIcns Hcp acn
s Hcp {]tXyIhebw DmbXv a
smcp PpdmknIv acns AtX he
bapmbn IrXyw 257 hjpti
jamsWv \nv ]dbm\mIpw. B
hiyn\v inebn ASw sNbvX
ImSpI Dsn am{Xsa ham
\n\nv {Iaambn irwJem amK
neqsS Cu acns {]mbw tIh
ew PpdmknIv bpKw Fp ]dbpXn
t\mfp]cn IrXyambpw _n. kn 15,
14, 32, 657 BsWv ]dbm\mhq! \n
`mKyhim \apv Acw Ahnn
amb irwJe e`ya. Cv \nehn
ep sUt{Umt{ImtWmfPnv Gdn
bm 11,500 hjw ]ndtImv am{Xsa
\s sImpt]mIm\mhpIbpq. F
mbmepw Bhiyn\v inebn A
Sw sNbvX ImSpI Isnbm
am{Xsa \qdpIWn\v Ziew h
j DsImp kab am\In
s Imcyn sXmSp hjw h
sc sNm\mhq Fp hcpXv taml
`wKn\p tlXphmIpw.''
(79)
Poh]cnWman\v sXfnht\zjn
v tUmInkpw ]cnWmahnizmknIfpw
`qan samw AepXncnv \ncm
icmbpw taml`wKn\Snaspw Xf
phogptm asmcp "]cnWmaw' G
Xm\pw \nanjpn \psS I
apn \SpXv ImWmXncncp
Xv. Cu A[ymbnse 128mw t]Pn
tUmInkns\ \mw ]cnNbsSpXv
tIhew aWnqdns hyXymkn
hrheb ktXap]tbmKnv ]cn
Wmaw sXfnbnm t]mIp ]cnWm
aimkv {X\mbmWv . Fm Hcp t]
Pv adntm "Innsbp hcmw' F
p {]Xonp asmcp tUmIn
kns\bpw hopw t]Pv adnv 130,
131senbtXmSpIqSn kIe Bhn
izmkhpw {]Xobpw \jvSambn tam
l`wKsv hne]np tUmInsk
] a\pjys\bpamWv. Xobm
bpw tUmInkn kw`hn ]cnWm
aw \apv hyambn a\nemmw.
AtXmsSmw Atlns \ncmibn
epw taml`wKnepw \apv klXm
]apv. sXfnhnm Hcp Imcyw sX
fnbnmsa aphn[n hcpnb {]
Ir{Xna \n[mcWw sXfnbnm\p ]coWam
bn tUmInkv AhXcnnnpXv `mh\bpw k
]hpw FXn\pdw Iyq sKbnw BWv. sI.
Pn. hnZymnIfmbncnptam, Cu ]coWw \S
m thn tUmnkv sImphcm Dtinn
p "KthjW]Sp'? C{Xbpw "imkv{Xobambn'
]cnWman\v sXfnhpI Isp "BPohm\
Pohimkv{X' `qanbn thsdbpmhn!
2013 HmKv 44
iv \fmWv Atln Ccsamc
[]X\w kw`hnnXv.
ASpXv tdUntbm BIvSohv L
SnImcsf Ipdnp NbmWv. Cu
Nbpw Xobmbpw ]T\mlw X
s. ]s tUmInkv hrheb
LSnImcs Xnb t]mse tdUntbm
BIv Sohv LSnImcsbpw Xndbp
pv . GXm\pw t]PpIfn tdUntbm
BIv Sohv aqeIfpsS BtmanIKpW
fpw kwJyIfpw Ahbnse sFtkm
tSmpIsfbpw cmkKpWsfbpw hf
sc hniZambpw `wKnbmbpw hniZoIcn
pt]mIpp. tdUntbm BIvSohv aqe
IsfIpdnpw AhbpsS {]h\
sfIpdnpw Fp t]PpI hniZoI
cnppv. AXv Ignp `mK
fn ineI cq]w sImpXns\ kw
_nv N sNpp. tdUntbm B
Iv Sohv LSnImcsfIpdnp N
Cs\ XpSpp: ""\apn\n tdUn
tbm BIv Sohv LSnImcfntev t]m
Imw. AhnsS sXcsSpn hnhn[
bn\ e`yamWv. apv kqNnn
t]mse ZieWn\v \qmpI
fn\npw iXtImSnhjfntev
\nWb]cn[n DbcpIbmWnhnsS.''
(80)
i
cocmhinjv Sw t^mkneoIcnp kwcn
sSppshpw AXv e`nm A
Xns {]mbw \nbnm tdUntbm
BIv Sohv sSneqsS km[npsapw
s]mXpsh AwKoIcns Xzam
Wv. AXv tNmZyw sNpI F e
ysampw \apn. Fnepw tUm
Inkns\ hmbnXneqsS Dbph
Nne kwib ]pshmXncn
m h. tUmInkv ]dbpp: ""ap
v kqNnnt]mse, ZeWn
\v \qmpIfn\nv iXtImSn h
jfntev \nWb]cn[n DbcpIbm
WnhnsS. km[mcWbmbn, Fm ]cn
tim[\Ifpw sXmIm\p km[yX
(margin of error) GXmv Hcp iXam\m
Wv. AXmbXv Bbncw Ziew h
jw ]gap Hcp inesb kw_n
]cntim[\m ^ew Hcp Ziew
hjw IqSntbm Ipdtm F \ne
bn ImWWsav kmcw. \qdpIWn
\v Ziew hjw ]gap ineI
fpsS {]mbw \nWbnm {ianp
tm hcp Htm ctm Ziew
hjns hyXymkw Xr]vXnIcam
A]am\npI, AhtlfnpI XpSnb Imcy
tUmInkn\v A{X KuchapX. tKmUv sU
eyqj kIe ssZh, aX hnizmknIsfbpw am\
knItcmKnIfpw {`mamcpambn Nn{XoIcnpI
bm bn cp p. A h tl f \ ] e e fn epw
\ndp\nppv ]pXnb IrXnbnepw. ]cnWm
ahmZns AtmkvXe\v hyn/hwiob/{]m
tZinI Zpc`nam\fpmhpI kzm`mhnIw am{X
amsWdnbphv CXn henb ApXsam
pw A\p`hsSpIbn.
2013 HmKv 45
bn ImWWw. \qdv ew hjw ]g
ap inebpsS {]mbamWv \nW
bnpsXn GXmv Hcp ew
hjw aptmtm ]ntmtm BIm
sa hy h \mw Aw Ko I cn
Ww.''
(81)
IndpIrXyambn Htm ctm h
jfpsS hyXnbm\n t^mkn
{]mbw sXfnbnmsa AhImihmZ
n\nv IrXyw aney IWn\v
hjfpsS "IndpIrXyX'tbmsS t^m
kn {]mbw "sXfnbnmsa' \ne]m
SntemWv tdUntbm BIv ohv Ime
\nWb N tUmInkns\ Fn
ncnpXv!
tdUntbm BIv Sohv ]cntim[\ h
gn t^mknepIfpsS {]mb\nbw F
s\ \Spp Fv tUmInkv hn
iZoIcnpXv C{]ImcamWv : ""Pntbm
fPnpI D]tbmKnp Fm td
Untbm BIvSohv LSnImcsfbpw
t]mse s]mmkyw BK kab
{Ian\pw Btb ineIfn (igneou-
s rocks) am{Xta {]h\aXbpq.
emn `mjbn An Fap
t]tcmSpIqSnb Cu ineI An]
hXns DcpInnf BcnI ]
Zm XWppdv cq]w sIm
phbmWv.''
(82)
Atm, tdUntbm
BIv Sohv LSnImc Btb inem
]mfnIfpsS {]mb\nWbn\pam{Xta
D]ImcsSpIbpq. AXpsImv B
tb ]mfnIfn Ds]np Pohn
IfpsS t^mknepIfpsS {]mbw tdUn
tbm BIv Snnhnn sSv hgn Xocpam
\nmw. C\n, tUmInkns Cu {]
kvXmh\ IqSn ]cnKWnpI: ""Bt
b ineIfn am{XamWv \apv tdUn
tbm BIvSohv LSnImc e`yambn
pXv. ]s, Cubn\w ineIfn
t^mkn kmn[yw DmIm\p
km[yX GXmv ]qPyamsWv ]d
bmw. NpmpIpw aW ]mdIfpw
(lime stone and sand stone) t]mep Ahkm
ZineIfnem-Wv (sedimentary rocks) km[m
cWbmbn t^mknepI ASw sN
s \nebn ImWsSpXv .....Hn
\papIfn Hs amXrIbn An
bnbmbn hn\yknsncnp sN
fn, F, aW FnhbpsS \nt
]sfbmWv AhkmZ ineIsfv hn
fnpXv .............\nt]n\pn
AIsp t]mIp PohnIfpsS ih
icoc t^mkn cq]n kwc
nsSpp. Nnetm ssPhico
cfpsS GXm\pw `mKw am{Xambncn
pw t^mkneoIcnsSpXv. Fn
cpmepw t^mkn F An
hntijnnm km[np Fs
nepw e`npXv AhkmZineIfn
\npam{XamWv''
(83)
IqSpX hniZo
IcWtaXpw Bhiyan. tUmInkn
s {]kvXmh\I tNp hmbnm
am{Xw aXn. FpsImmWv tUm
Inkv Ccw Hcp {]kv Xmh\ \S
nbsXp a\nemIpn. hfsc
hniZambn tdUntbm BIv Snhnn sSn
s\pdnv N sNbvXv Ah t^mkn
epIfpsS {]mb \nWbn\v t\cnp
]tbmKsSpm km[yaspw td
Untbm sSv BtbineIfpsS {]m
b \nWbnt\ D]tbmKsSq F
pw BtbineIfn t^mknepI
fpsS s]mSnt]mepw ImWnspw t^m
knepI ImWsSp AhkmZine
Ifn tdUntbm sSv e`yaspw km
[yaspw \nwibw Atlw hy
ampp. AXneqsS \apv a\n
emm km[npXv, t^mkn {]m
bw \nbnm tdUntbm BIvSnhn
n LSnImcw t\cnp]tbmKnm km
[yast?
AhkmZineIfnse tdUntbm
BIv Snhnn ]cntim[\IfpsS ]cnanXn
Atlw hopw hyampp: ""td
Untbm BIv SnhnnbpsS ASnm\n
AhkmZineIfpsS {]mbKW\ \
Sm\mhnsp ]dp. Fm \n
t]hkvXpfmb sNfnbnepw F
enepw s]mmkyw 40 Dw av tdUntbm
BIvSohv sFtkmtSmpIfpw Ds]n
cnm\nSbpXn\m Ahbnepw td
Untbm BIvSohv LSnImcfpsS km
n[yapsp ]dbmw. ]s icnbmw
hw ]qPynemm km[nm
Xn\m Cu LSnImc sImv {]
tbmP\an.''
(84)
XpSpw Atlw Cu
{]iv\s Ipdnv hmNme\mIpp:
""AXsn hyXykvXamb Imebf
hfsc hniZambn tdUntbm BIv Snhnn sSns\
pdnv N sNbvXv Ah t^mknepIfpsS {]mb
\nWbn\v t\cnp]tbmKsSpm km[ya
spw tdUntbm sSv BtbineIfpsS {]mb
\nWbnt\ D]tbmKsSq Fpw Btbin
eIfn t^mknepIfpsS s]mSnt]mepw ImWns
pw t^mknepI ImWsSp AhkmZineI
fn tdUntbm sSv e`yaspw km[yaspw
tUm n kv \n w i bw hy am p p. C Xn eq
sS \apv a\nemm km[npXv, t^mkn
{]mbw \nbnm tdUntbm BIvSnhnn L
SnImcw t\cnp]tbmKnm km[yast?
2013 HmKv 46
hpIfnembncnpw Ah ]qPynem
snpmhpI. aW ]mdIfnse L
SI ]Zmfmb aWXcnI H
cp ]s BtbineIfmbnmbncn
mw BZyw cq]w sImnpmhpI.
Fnepw Ahsbmw BtbineI
fn\nv XWppdv ineIfmbn am
dnbXv hyXykvXamb Imembncn
mw. AXmbXv tdUntbm BIv Sohv L
SnImcw ]qPynems kabw Hm
tcm aWXcnpw Hmtcmmbncnpw.
AXv ]etmgpw AhkmZineI cq
]wsImpXn\pw t^mknepI A
XneSw sNsSpXn\pw hfsc ap
mbncnm\nSbpv. AXn\m Ime
KW\bpsS Imcyw ]cnKWnm A
hkmZineI BsI Ipgpadn
AhbnemWpXv. IpsdqSn hy
amnbm, Ah D]tbmKnmt\
km[nnsXmWv hkvXpX.''
(85)
As\ hcptm, Xosc D]tbm
Kiq\yamb tdUntbm BIv Snhnn L
SnImcs Ipdnpw AXns coXnim
kv {Xspdnpw tUmInkv t]Pp
I \ndXv imkv{Xm\w Ipd
"]cnWmaaX' hnizmknIv Xfp
sS hnizmkn\v sXfnhpIsfmcp]mSp
v Fv tXmm thnbmbncn
Ww! AhkmZineIfn tdUntbm B
IvSnhnn sSv {]mtbmKnIasv Xn
cndn tUmInkv AXn\v asmcp
]cnlmcw \ntZinppv: ""\apm
sI sNmhpXv AhkmZineIfpsS
sXmSpv ImWsSp Btb in
eIfpsS {]mbw KWnpIsbXpam
{XamWv. Hcp ]s AXmhpw \apv
sN m hp G hpw D a am b Im
cyw.''
(86)
efnXambn ]dm, cmPphn
\v 60 hbpv. cmPphns XeapSn
\cp shfpncnpp. cmPphns A
bhmknbmb cmaphns XeapSnbpw
\cpshfpncnpp. AXpsImv
cmaphn\pw 60 hbmsWv \apv k
]nmw. cmaphn\v 30 hbp am{X
tabpq Fpw cmaphn\v kw`hnXv
saem\ns IpdhpsImp AIme
\cbmWv Fpap hkv XpXI ku
Icy]qhw admw!
XpStlw FgpXpp: ""Hcp
t^mknens {]mbw \nWbnm A
Xv cv Btb inem]mfnInSbn
ASw sNbvX \nebnXs Im
WsSWsan. Ghpw Daamb
Ah AXmsWnt]mepw bYm
Yn kzoIcnsSp amKw Ip
sdqSn ]cnjvIrXamW.v''
(87)
B ]cnjv IrX amKw FspIq
Sn hyamppv tUmInkv: ""td
Untbm BIv Shnn {]Xn`mkw Ip
]nSnpXn\v hfsc appXs ]e
Xcw AhkmZ ineI \mw Isp
Ibpw Ahsm hyXncnamb t]
cpI sImSppIbpw sNbv Xnpv . tIw
{_nb (Cambrian), HmtUmhnjy
(Ordovcian), sUthmWnb (Devo-
nian), PpdmknIv (Jurassic), {Itjykv
(Cretaceous), Cutbmkn (Eocene), H
entKmkn (Oligocene), antbmkn
(Miocene) Fns\bmbncpp B
t]cpI.''
(87)
]t "]cnjv IrX'coXnbn
t^mknepIfpsS ImeKW\bpw \m
aIcWhpw \Snbnpsv hy
amp tUmInkv Fn\mWntm
tdUntbm BIvShnn t]mep "{]m
IrXcoXn'Isfpdnv N sNp
Xv ? ]ptcmKXnbn\npw ]cnjv Imc
fn\npw At[mKXnbntepw {]mIr
XXzntepw IqpIppXv Xs
hyn]camb \bamsWpw Atlw
hyamppv . ""{]tXyIw FSpp
]dbpnsn "HdnPn Hm^v kv]o
jokv' Fp ]cmainptmsgms
Rm DcnpXv BZy ]Xnn\n
msWv a\nemWw. Bdmas
]Xnmbtmtgpw (Ahkm\t
Xpw) Umhn Cu Bibw Iptdq
Sn henp\on.''
(88)
Umhn Xs kn
mns ]cnjv IcWw \Sn A
hkm\ ]Xnv Cdnsbnepw tUm
Inkntmgpw Umhns ]pcmX\ A
`n{]mbn Xs ISnpXqn \n
pp FXv tUmInkns\ hnebn
cpm Gsd D]ImcsSpw.
ASp `mKv Im_ Ime
KW\sbpdnpIqSn tUmInkv N
sNppv. CXpw t^mkn tcJ
IfpsS B[nImcnIX m]nm X
sbmWtlw D]tbmKsSpnbnp
Xv. AXpIqSn A]w ]cmaihn
t[bammw. {Kn\nv: ""A
conep Im_ ssU HmIv
sskUn ASnbncnp Im_Wn
A[nIhpw Im_12 BWv. F
m Hcp {Sney (Hcpew tImSn)
Im_ Bfn Hscw tdUn
tbm BIv Snhnnbp Im_14 B
bncnpw. A[mbpv 5730 hjw am
{XambXn\m appIXv t]mse C
Xv bn v s\ {S P 14 B bn Xo
cpw.......Fm PohnIfnepw AtX A\p
]mXn Im_12Dw Im_
14 Dw ASnbnpv. As\sbn
FtmgmWv LSnImcw ]qPynem
IpXv? Poh\p hkv Xp, AXv
kkyambmepw Pphmbmepw, acnp
tm. B \nanjw Ah `yirwJ
ebn \nv ]pdmhpIbpw Aco
n\npw kkyfneqsSbp
Im_14 s ]pXnb e`yXbn\n
pw ths]SpIbpw sNpp. Hcp i
hicocw Asn HcpIqw XSnI
Asn Hcp IjvWw XpWn AXpa
sn kam\amb Fpambnsm
s Ahbnsems ASnbnp Im
_14 \qmpI ]nnSptXm
sS bnv ss\{SP14 Bbn amdp
p. Im_12 Dw Im_14 Dw
Xn Aconepw Poh\p h
kv Xpfnepw ImWsSp A\p]mXw
PUhkvXpfn {Iaambn Ipdp
hcpw. Ahkm\w Im_12 am{Xw
_mnbmhpw. asmcp coXnbn ]d
m Im_14 s kmn[yw A
fm\mhm hn[w Xosc \nmcam
bnocpw. acWtmsS Aco k
n\npw `y irwJebn
\npw ]pdmsSp Hcp Pohn
bpsS acWw Ftmgmbncppshdn
bm Im_12 Dw Im_14 Dw
Xnep A\p]mXw {]tbmP\sSp
mw.''
(89)
Im_ sSv Fs\sb
sNdnb hniZoIcWamWnXv . ]noSv A
tlw Cs\ XpScpp:
""]noSv 1970Ifn amkv kv s]Iv t{Sm
sa{Sn (mass spectrometry) Fdnbs
Sp Hcp kmtXnI hnZy Im_
tUnn D]tbmKnpXpSn. AXn
]ns ]cntim[nt ssPhhkv
Xphns hfsc sNdnb Afhv am{Xta
Ime\nWbn\v Bhiyambn hcp
pq. ]pcmhkvXpfpsS ImeKW
\ ]cntim[np Imcyn hnh
Icamb aptamWv CXpaqeapmb
Xv. Ghpw BtLmjns t\w Sq
dn\nse ihbpsSXmWv (The shroud
2013 HmKv 47
of Turin). Cu Ip{]kn XpWnjW
n XmSnh {IqinX cq]ns Om
b ]XnnpmbncpXn\m AXv
tbiphns Imev ]XnXmtb
mw Fv ]ecpw {]Xonp. CXm
Zyw s]mnhXv {^mkn\nmWv ,
]Xn\memw \qmns a[yn. A
Xn\papv Cu XpWnjWw FhnsS
bmbncppshv Bpadnbnmbncp
p. 1578 apX AXv Sqdn\n kqn
p hcnIbmbncpp. 1983\ptijw h
nms t\cnp kwcWbnep
ambn. amkv kvs]Ivt{Smsa{Sn D]tbm
Knv XpWnjWns bYm
{]mbw \nWbnmsambtm Cu
hnhmZbpsS hfsc sNdnb Hcp Io
dv apdnsSpm hnm A\ph
Znp. Cu XpWnodv aqv `mKfm
bn hn`Pnv Hmtcm `mKhpw Im_
tUnn {]mhoWyw sXfnbn tem
Is aqv {]apJ et_mddnIfnte
v AbpsImSpp. HmIvkv^Uv, kq
dnv, AcntkmW FnhnSfnep
]coWimeIfnemWv ]cntim[\ \
SnbXv. ]ckv ]cw IpdnpI ssI
amdmsX ]qW kzmX{yap ]cnX
nXnIfn \nnX tPmen ]qn
bmnbtijw aqv em_ddnIfpw Xp
WnjvWw s\m\p]tbmKn \mcv
kw`mh\ sNbv X NWsSn acnXv G
Xv hjnemsWv {]Jym]np. Hm
Ivkv^Uv ]dXv F. Un 1200 Fm
bncpp. AcntkmW 1304 Dw kqdnv
1274 Dw ^eambn {]Jym]np. aqp
^efpw ] c kv ] cw s]m cp s
Sp Xpw i h B Zy am bn I s
n b Xm bn ] d b sSp F.Un 1350
t\mSv ASpp \nphbpamWv .''
(90)
tUmInkv ih BtLmj
]qhw FgpnXns Dtiyw hy
amWv. ihv tbip{InkvXphn
s Imetmfw ]ucmWnIX C F
pw AXpsImpXs Acw ]p
Wytfm aX]camb {]kntbm A
Xn\nspw Acw Hcp km[mcW
XpWnjWw hnm Xncptijn
mbn kqnpXv Aiq\yam
sWpw temIs AdnbnpIbmWv
Atlns eyw. \XpXs. F
m, Itmensc ihsImv
A]lknm\p hy{KXnSbn X
s kzw hmZp ih h
cnInSbn HcpnhcpXv At
lw {inn! aqv temI{]ikvX e
t_mddnIfntev Htc ]Zmw Im
_ tUnn\bnv Hcp \qmn
s hyXymkap aqv Ime\nWb
^ew e`np. Fp \qmn Xmsg
am{Xw ]gap Hcp hkv Xphns Im
e\nWbw \Snbtm 104 hj
s hyXymkw hcpp Im_
tUnv 15000 hjw ]gap Hcp
hkvXphns tUnv \Snbm c
mbnctmfw hjs hyXymkw
hcppw. CXv etam, Zietam,
tImSntbm, iXtImSntbm ]gap h
kvXpfnemsWn F{X henb hy
Xymkambncnpw ImWnpI?
IpdnpI:
60. Nm kv Um hn , Po hn h fp sS
Dn (Xncph\]pcw: ssa{Xn _pIvkv,
]cn`mj :]n. kpZi\), ]pdw 185.
61. kn. chnN{, `qanbnse Ghpw al
mb Zriyhnkvabw ]cnWmans sXfn
hpI (tImbw: Un. kn. _pIv kv), ]pdw 102.
Un. kn. _pIv kv), ]pdw 102.
62. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 102.
63. AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 102, 103.
64. AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 46.
65. AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 45.
66. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw125.
67. AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 33.
68. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 17.
69. AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 96.
70. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 236.
71. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 71.
72. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 71.
73. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 71, 72.
74. AtX ]pkv XIw, ]pdw 218.
75. AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 125, 126.
76. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 126, 127.
77. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 128.
78. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 129.
79. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 130,131.
80. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 131, 132.
81. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 131, 132.
82. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 138.
83. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 139, 140.
84. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 140.
85. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 140.
86. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 235.
87. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 146, 147.
88. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 148.
89. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 148.
90. AtX ]pkv XIw t]Pv 16, 17.
hf PohnIfnepw Irjnbnepw a\pjys CS
s]SepI aqew Nne hyXnbm\ hcppv.
CXpt]mse {]IrXn\n[mcWktXhpw {]h
nncnmw F IWpIqemWv Xs kn
mcq]oIcWntev Umhns\ \bnXv. F
m Umhns kl{]hI hmeUpw Kp
WImwnbpw ]cnWmahnizmknbpambncp Pm
\pw hsc Krl]cn]me\hpw {]IrXn\n[mcW
hpw IqnpghXcnnXns\ tNmZyw sNpp.
Fnpw Cpw tUmInkv AtX ktXap]
tbmKnv ]cnWmaw sXfnbnmw Fq aqVhn
izmkhpambn aptmpt]mhpp FXv F{X
am{Xw Zb\oba!
2013 HmKv 48
A_vZp Izlvlm
Im S n
bpnhmZnI Ctm X
fpsS "aninl'bmbn sImp\
SpXv dnmUv tUmnkn
s\bmsWv {]tXyIw ]dtb
Xn. imkv{Xnsbpw X
zimkv{Xnsbpw ]npW
Xv \spIgnnp
s AkpJIcamb hkvXp
Xsb adm tUmnkns
Pohimkv{X tahnemkw Ah
p]ImcsSppmIWw. ]
cnWmahmZns {]hmNI\m
bn ]pXnb Imev {]Xys
np tUmnkns tKmUv
sUeyqj\pw tjm Hm F
psamw tIcfnteXSap
bpnhmZnI Ctm thZ
{KsftmsebmWv hmbnp
Xv . imkv {Xhpw Xzimkv {Xhpw
X\n\pIqeamn amm tUmn
kv \Sp ZphymJym\
Xncndnbm Ahv Ignbm
Xv AhcpsS aphn[nIsfm
psImpam{XamWv.
bpnhmZnIsf kw_nv
BtKmf s]mXpkaqln\v H
tcItZi [mcWbpv. AXv ]m
mXytemIs amIvknkvv,
lyqa\nkvv ]mccyfpambp
ZoL\mfs ]cnNbn
\npmbXmWv. bpnhmZn
I atXXchmZnIfpw AXn\mX
s hKobXbpsSbpw hwiobX
bpsSbpw "D]{Zh'anmhcpw B
bncnpw F {]Xo B [mc
WbpsS Hcp ImXemb `mKamWv.
Fm, bpnhmZn {]m\n
s aX\nct] kz`mhn\v
acWaWn apgnsm
ncnpIbmWv {]m\ns
Aacv Ctmgp tUmnkv.
\psS Imes `ojWamwhn[w
IogSnsmn cn p C kv v em
tam t^m _n b bp sS {] Nm c I \pw
h m hp am Wv A t lw. tUm n
kpw in jy am cm b kmw lmcn
kpw {In^ lnkpaSp
\mkvXnI{XnXzw apkvvenw hncp
]mmXy hwiobXbpsSbpw C
{kmtb Atacn ]]mXn
Xznsbpw IqnsmSppImcmWv
X Fv ]e XhW {]Jym]n
pIgnp. aXhnai\a,
Ckvemw/apkvenw `\amWv
Ctm tUmnkns Imcys
bpnhmZ{]h\w. k a Im en
I tem I s Xn bp sS G hpw
h en b t{km X m bn tUm n
kv Im Wp Xv C kv v em an s\bm
Wv. AXpsImpXs, Ckvvemw
hncp t]mcmamWv Xs Ghpw
henb ZuXysav tUmnkv hn
izknpp.
\h\mkvXnIXbpsS hKo
bX, tUmnkn am{Xa
{]Xyo`hnnpXv Fv \
s NpcpnbXv aebmfnI
snepadnbmw. \psS \mn
se bpnhmZnI Ckvvemw hn
tcm[ns hnjbn kw
Lvv]cnhmcnsbpw Xo{h an
j\dnamcpsSbpw ]w tNn
v Imesa{Xbmbn! ]cnhm ]
{Xfn "bpnhmZ' teJ\
sagpXn "[aw' \nhlnp
Ad_ntcp am\ytZlsf
aepdw Pnbn Xs Inm
\pv. \mnepmIp {]iv\
sf \oXn\njvTambn hnebn
cpm\pw atXXcambn ]cnl
cnm\pw Ipnpg IrjvW]n
pw tImhqcn\pw ]h\\p
samw Hcp ]cn[nhscbpmbn
cp sI]v, aebmfnse
]pXpXeapd bpnhmZnIfn
\nv FhnsS shmWv Bhn
bmbntmbXv? BtKmfXen
in {]m]nnp Ckvv
emw hncp kqva cm{ob
ns kzm`mhnI {]Xn^e\
fmWv hnNn{Xamb Cu hKo
bbpnhmZn IqpsIpI F
v a\nempXmbncnpw
tUmnkv `mv
IzpB sImSppI \mw!
2013 HmKv 49
icnbmb kao]\w.
BtKmfXen Xs bp
nhmZns Ncn{Xw ]cntim
[nptm \apv t_m[yam
Ip Hcp bmYmYyapv : {In
kvXpaX hnai\neqsSbmWv
bpnhmZw cq]sphXv F
bmYmyw. PqXaXhpw, sN
dnb tXmXnemsWnepw, ]mm
Xy bpnhmZnIfpsS hniIe
\n\v hnt[bambnpv. Fm
Ckvvemw AhcpsSsbmpw
taipdtv Hcnepw IS
phnn. ]Snmd kmaq
lykmlNcyn AhXn
s Bhiyhpanmbncpp. bp
nhmZw cq]sph Ncn{X
k`n AhcpsS apnep
aXw {InkvXpaXhpw aX{K
w ss__nfpambncpXn\m
aXhnai\n\v Ahsb ]Tn
m aXnbmbncpp. Fm C
v AX Ah. Ccp]sm
mw \qmn Ckvvemw ]Sn
md temIs kPoh km
n[yambtXmSpIqSn Ckvvemw hn
ai\n\v AhnsSbp bp
nhmZnI \n_nXcmbn.
{InkvXpaXhnai\n\v Zo
LImes ]T\w \Inb B
bp[ AhcpsS Inepm
bncpp. Fm Ckvvemw ]pXn
b Hcp "{]iv\'ambXpsImv A
Xns\ KuchXcambn ]Tnh
AhcpsS Iqnepmbncpn
. Atm ]ns ]cnlmcw C
kvvemw hnai\ hnZKvZcmbncp
anj\dnamscbpw km{amPyhmZnI
sfbpw B{ibnpIbmbncpp.
As\bmWv bpnhmZnI
Fv ]dbsSph sk]vXw
_ ]Xns\mn\v tijw km{am
PyXz \pWIfpsS saKmt^mWp
Ifmbn A[]XnXv.
\h\mkvXnIcpsS Ckvvemw
hnai\n\v hkvXp\njvT ]T
\nssbmpw ASndbns
Imcyw hyampXmbncp
p Ign amv Hmw Xn
Xn Szndn tUmnkv \Sn
b hnhmZ {]kv Xmh\. "IzpB
hmbnnn. AXpsImv ss__n
DcnpXpt]mse A[ymb
hpw hN\hpw klnXw IzpB\n
\nv Bib Dcnm
F\nmhn. Fnepw Cs
temInse XnbpsS Ghpw h
enb in CkvvemamWv' Fmbn
cpp tUmnkns {]kvXmh\.
temInse Ghpw {]JymX\mb
Ckvvemw hnaiI Ckvvemans
thZ{Kw t]mepw hmbnmsXbm
Wv hnai\apbnpXv F
Imcyw Gsd thZ\mP\Iat? C
kvvemans\ Adnbm XIcmdv B
tKmf bpnhmZnIp am{Xa,
aebmfn bpnhmZnIpw th
pthmfapmbncpp. hnjb
hmbnp]Tnp kz`mhapmbn
cp CSadpIv t]mepw Hmdnben
kvv, anj\dn kmlnXysfbpw
kplrpfmb Nne apkvv enw bp
nhmZnIfpsS IpippIsfbpw
Bkv]ZamnbmWv Xs IzpB
hnai\w XmdmnbXv F
hkv XpX adm ]ptam?
CkvvemanI {]t_m[IcpsS D
p \SptXmWv bYmn
, bpnhmZnI ]ecpw IzpB
hmbnpItbm a\nempI
tbm sNbvXnns Xncndnhv.
sNdpn aXw F t]cn X
\npmb A\p`hsf hnNmc
W sNbvXpsImmWv ]ecpw bp
nhmZnbmbnocpXv. ]ptcmln
X aXfpsS DSw ]etmgpw
a\pjys\ aXhnaiI\mIm
t{]cnnp Xcn Xsbm
Wv. Fm CXn \nv hyXykv
XamWv Ckvvemw F Imcyw s]m
Xpkaqln\dnbn. aX{K
F t]cn \ne\np ]p
tcmlnXIrXnIfn \nv XnIpw
hyXncnamWv ssZhhN\
am{XapsImp ]cnip Izp
B\ns Ah. GsXnepsam
cp aX{Kw hmbnv "AXpt]mse
sbmbncnpw IzpB\pw' F
v IcpXn IzpB\ns IqSn hna
iIcmbn amdnbhcmWv bpnhmZn
Ifn ]ecpw. {InkvXpaXtm
Sv Gpapn hnPbn A\p`hw
shv tIcfn Ckvemant\m
Sv t]mcmSm h bpnhmZ
n\v ]cmPbw cpNntnh
Xv IzpB hyXntcIambXn\m
emWv.
a\pjys\ tamamKw ]Tn
nm thn {]]\mY
AhXcnn Ana thZ{K
amWv ]cnip IzpB Fm
Wv IzpB kzbw AhImi
sSpXv. IzpB ]TnpI
bpw ]cntim[npIbpw sNbv
Xtijw AXns ssZhnIXsb
XnckvIcnpXv a\nem
mw. Fm AsXmv FSp
pt\mpIt]mepw sNmsX
AXns\ FXnpXv GXv bp
nbpsS KWnemWv hcnI?
IzpB\ns\ Bmambn
kao]nm GXv ISp hna
iI\pw IzpB\ns A\pbm
bnbmbnocpsaXmWv A\p`
h]mTw. AXn\m Xs a\p
jysc IzpB\n \nv ]ehn
t[\ AIm\mWv i{Xp X
{w sa\psImncnpXv.
dnmUv tUmnkv IzpB
hmbnmsXpsImmsW
v \apdnbn. Fm \p
sS \mnse bpnhmZnI ]e
cpw IzpB\ns\ AhKWnp
Xv tUmnknsbpw apw
kmlnXy hmbnnmWv.
tUmnkv Hpw ]TnmsX
bmWv IzpB\ns\ ]pe`yw ]
dbpsXv Acmsc t_m
[ysSppIbpw IzpB\ns
temIntev Ahv hmXn
XpdpsImSppIbpw sNbv
Xm ApX kw`hnm
km[yXbpv. Izp B \n s
A h X c W am k am b d a Zm \n
A Xn \m \ ap v Xo cp am
\n p I; tUm n kv `
mv IzpBs\npsImSp
m! Ah a\nempIbpw
shfnapsImpIbpw sNbv
sXntem?
2013 HmKv 50
hnizmknbpsS hkw
A_qsi^n
hnip ]mX
"kXyhnizmknItf, \nfpsS apphtcmSv I]nncpXv
t]mses \npw t\mv \n_ambn I]nsncnpp.
\n "XIzvh'bphcmbnocm thnbs{X AXv.' (IzpB 2: 183)
t\mv Fm aXfnepw \nbaambnsbpv. hy
XykvX cq]fnepw coXnIfnepap t\mv BfpI kzo
Icnpp. `W]m\obtfmSpw hnImchnNmctfmSpw
B`mSPohnXtmSpw hncnbp PohnX{IafmWv F
mw aXZi\fnepap t\mns ASnm\cq]w.
hnizmkhpw A\pjvTm\fpw ka\zbnnnp aX
amWv Ckvv emw. hnizmk]cambpw [manIambpw a\pjy
sc ]cnhnntijw A\pjvTm\IafpsS {IaoI
cWw km[yamnsmmWv hnip IzpB\ns \nba
AhXoWambXv. {]hmNI aplZv \_n(k) Zo
Lamb ]Xnaqv hjs
abnse {]t_m[\PohnX
n A\pjv Tm\fpw B
cm[\Ifpw \nbaamnbnn
. adnv kaqlns hn
izmk]chpw [manIhpamb
Db \nehmcns kr
n km[yamp Xcnep
ASnd krnpIbm
bncpp AmeLn
Atlw. AXn\ptijamWv
Amlphns \ntZi
{]Imcw A\pjv Tm\fpw
Bcm[\Ifpw \nbaamnb
Xv. IzpB\nse hN\
]cntim[nm Cu Imcyw hfsc IrXyambn t_m[yam
Ipw.
kqtcymZbw apX AkvXabw hscbp kabv A
mlphns {]oXnbpw {]Xn^ehpw B{Klnv ssZhnI
\nba ]menpIsb eytmsS `W]m\ob
hPnpI, hnImchnNmcsf \nb{npI, No
hmpw No {]h\fpw HgnhmpI, icoc
ns Bhiyfpw CIfpw \nb{np\nn Am
lphns I]\Isf khm\m AwKoIcnphn[w
]cnioe\w t\SpI FXmWv Ckvemanse t\mv.
am\htamN\ns kXyktiamb hnip Izp
B AhXoWambn FXmWv daZm amkn t\m
v \n_amsSm\pw ]pWyfpsS ]qmeambn
AXv sXcsSpsSm\pw ImcWw. daZm\nse {hX
hpw kwLSnX cm{Xn\akvImchpsamw thZ{KamIp
A\L ku`mKyn\p DNnXamb \n{]Imi\
hpw ssZhnI alXzw hmgvpXn\p Bcm[\mIa
fpamWv."P\v amKZi\ambnsmpw t\h
gn ImpXpw kXyhpw AkXyhpw thXncnp ImWn
pXpamb kphy sXfn
hpIfmbnsmpw hnip
IzpB AhXcnns
amkamIpp daZm. AXp
sImv \nfn B B am
kn knlnXcmtWm A
h B amkn {hXa\
jvTntXmWv.' (IzpB
2: 185)
CkvvemanI aqeyhyh
bpsS kp{][m\ LSIamWv
X Izv h (` n). C kv em an I
ku[ns B[mcinebm
b hnizmkns A\nhmcy
KpWhpw eyhpw kZv^e
hpamWv XIzvv h. hnizmkns shhpw shfnhpam
Wv XIzvhbpsS Poh km[yampXv. daZm\nse t\m
v ASap Bcm[\IfneqsS hnizmknIv e`y
amtIXv Cu `nbpsS amKntep kpXmcy
hpw kpihpamb hgnshfnamWv. `W]m\ob
fpw hnImchnNmcfpw ssZh{]oXnv thn XyPnm
\pw \nb{nm\pw hnizmkn XmdmIpp t\mneq
sS. \Ifn \ncX\mIm a\v IqSpXembn t{]cnn
p daZm hnizmknbpsS hkImeamWv.