2013 Unkw_ 6

C cp ] n sb v sS en hn j
Nm\epIfpw Ccp]nbmdv h
am\ ]{Xfpap am[yak
amb `mjbmWv aebmfw.
\meptImSntbmfw am{Xw hcp
a e bm fnI sf tem I spw
\Sp kw`hsfpdnv Ir
Xyambn sXcysSpm thn
am{XambpXmWv Chbn Bdv
ap gpk a b hm m Nm \ epI.
hm I sf A ] {K Ynpw kw
`hsf hymJym\npw _pn
Po hn I fp sSbpw kmw kv Imcn I
\m b I cp sSbpw ho W ssh
hn [y sf am p c pw a e bm fn
I v "tem I t_m [ apm p
hm' thn bp C h bp sS
a c v tlm an p hm
hn e s kz w ka bw ] Xn
p \ Ip h A dn bp n;
X hfsc kaYambn akvXn
jv I {] m f \w sN s Sp I
bmsWv. ae_mdnse aamcn
emsnepw ]Xns\v hbn
\p ap v hn hm ln X cm I W sa v
B{Klw tXmnbm AtXp
dnv N sNm\mbn am{Xw Zn
hk \onshp ]{X{]
h\ ss\XnIXbpsS sh
cn{]mhpI Nnetm Xv
hm \ Ip km {am Py Xz
pcmamv Canm
Nne hnebp ham\
A Xn k a Yam bn aq Sn sh m
dpv. aXkwLS\IfpsS Hm^o
kpIfn \ncn Ahsc Xn
Xn p hm \m bn thn am {Xw
At\zjWmI ]{X{]h
\ns XqenI Nennph
t]mepw s]mXphmb Cu am[ya
\ne]mSns\ tNmZyw sNmdn.
As\ tNmZyw sNm B
snepw ss[cyapmbncpp
sh n C gn \ hw _
HXpapX ]{v hscbp
Zn h k fn \ S ssN \o kv
I yq Wn v ]m n tI { I n
n o \ n s kp {] [m \am b
]{Xm[n]v ]dbm\pXv
Fw.Fw. AIv_
ssN\ ]TnpXv
Cy ]TntXv
2013 Unkw_
7
H cp Xo cp am \ s p dn N I
\ S m G sX nep sam cp am [y aw
kamIpambncpp. aqmw temI
cmPyfpsS {][m\s hn`hamb
am \ h hn ` h ti jn sb sh n p dp
sImv Ahsb XfpsS hcpXnbn
\nm\mbn km{amPyXzw krn
P \ kw Jym `o Xn bp sS {] [m \ s
C c Ifn sem m bn cp ssN \, I gn
aqv ]Xnmntesd Imeambn
X ]npSpt]m P\kwJym
\n e ]m Sp I sX m bn cp p sh
Xn cn dn hn s ]m X bn em sW v hy
am p Xm Wv s_ bv Pnw Kn se
]o n kv en _ td j B an bp sS
D S a X bn ep tlm en h v
AXo h c l ky am bn \ S o \
ns Xocpam\ F hkvXpX
Xpdp]dbm \psS am[ya
`bsSpsXn\mWv? Atacnsb
]nn, cmbncn Ccp]tXmsS
temIs Ghpw henb kZv L
S \ bm Ip hm X v I gn b W
san X XpSpt]m P\
kw Jym\ bw Xn cp tXp s v
Xn cn dn {] knUv jn Nn] n
nsbpw {][m\a{n en sINnbm
nsbpw t\XrXznep Iyq
Wn v ssN \m ` c Wm [n Im cn I fp sS
Ip km c \ S ] Sn I C y bv pw
]mT am bn o m A Xv G jy
bp sS D Z b n \v Im c W am Ip sa v
`bphcpsS X{\pkcn
v Nenphcmbnocm \psS
am[yapcmamsc t{]cnnp
sX m Wv ? tIm gn tm s G sX
nepsamcp s]Ipn hnhmlnXbm
Iptm Ahv ]Xnt\tgapm
hb t {]m b am bn cp p qsh v
m ]n m Im Wn p ip jv Im
nbpsS \qdnsemsnepw ImWnv
\ p sS \m Sn s\ ap n se n m
t]m \S]SnIv `cWm[nImcnI
sf t{]cnnm\pXIp, Hcp Ipt
]mSppsh Ign apn\mep
hjambn XpSpt]mcp \bw Xn
cpm ssN\sb t{]cnn Imcy
sfpdn Hcp sNdnb Nsbnepw
\Sm am[ya {]h\cwKv
]mccyaphcpw \hmKXcpsamw
Htc t]m se a Sn p\n p sXp
sImmWv?
1949 HIvtm_ Hn\v ssN\okv
IyqWnkvv ]mn A[y amthm
tkXqv ]onkv dnnIv Hm^v
ssN \ \n e hn h Xm bn {] Jym
]n Xp ap X B cw `n p I yq
Wnv ssN\bpsS Ncn{Xnse Hcp
hgnncnhmWv bYmYn _oPn
nse IyqWnv o\n \S,
"H Ip v t]m fnkn' (One-child
policy) FSppIfbm thnbp
Xo cp am\w. I yq Wn v ssN \ bp sS
2013 Unkw_ 8
Ign aqv ]Xnmntesd Imeambn X ]npSpt]m P\kwJym \ne
]mSpI sXmbncppsh Xncndnhns ]mXbnemWv ssN\sbv hyamp
XmWv s_bv PnwKnse ]onkv en_tdj BanbpsS DSaXbnep tlm
en shv AXoh clkyambn \S o\ns Xocpam\ F hkvXpX Xpd
p]dbm \psS am[ya `bsSpsXn\mWv? cmbncn Ccp]tXmsS
temIs Ghpw henb kZv LS\bmIphm Xv IgnbWsan X
XpSpt]m P\kwJym\bw XncptXpsv Xncndn ssN\m `cWm[n
ImcnIfpsS Ipkmc \S]SnI Cybvpw ]mTambnom AXv GjybpsS
DZbn\v ImcWamIpsav `bphcpsS X{\pkcnv Nenphcm
bnocm am[yapcmamsc t{]cnnpsXmWv?
]n Xmhm b am thm sk Xp v P \ kw
Jym \nb{W ]XnIsXncmbn
cpp. P\kwJym h[\hv \mSn\v \
am{Xta hcpqshpw cm{ns
imoIcWn\v am\hhn`htijn
bpsS h[\hv A\nhmcyamsWpw
I cp Xn b
(1)
A t l n s ` c W Im
ev, ssN\bpsS P\kwJy Ccntbm
fw h[np. 1949 amthm `cWta
ptm An\meptImSn ssN
\mcmbncpp DmbncpsXn
1976 Atlw acWsSptm AXv
sXmqn\mep tImSnbmbn Dbp.
(2)
am thm p ti jw n Xn K Xn I
amdn. aqmw temIns ZpcnX
smw ImcWw AhnSps P\kw
Jy bm sW ap X em fn {] N c W
n, AXns {ZwIsfpdnv a\
nemmsX, lpB Kpthms^ns
t\XrXznep ssN\okv `cWm[n
ImcnI hoWpt]mbn. As\bmWv
BZyw cp a tf ]m Sp q sh
\bhpw ]noSv Hscm Iptb BIm
hqsb \bhpw kzoIcnsXv. 1970
se IWpI {]Imcw Hcp icmicn
ssN\okv amXmhn\v Bdp afmWp
sXn 1980 Bbtmtgv AXv
aqpw
(3)
2010 Bbtm AXv Hcbp
ambn Xop.
(4)
Cs ssN\bnse
sXm gn em fn I fn _ lp `q cn `m Khpw
P \ kwJym \n b { W anm Xn cp
am thm Ime v P \n h cmWv . tem I
n s km n I s\ dp I bn te v
Ibdm\p ssN\bpsS IpXnn\v Du
P w ] I cpXv Cu P \ kw Jy bmWv .
Db P\kwJybp ssN\bnse
am\hhn`htijnsb {InbmIambn
Bkq{XWw sNphm ]XnIfmhn
jvIcnpIbpw kzImcyknt\m
Sp IyqWnkns IpSnIsb
sskmnI NIfn am{Xw A`n
canm hnv \mSns ]ptcmKXnsb
_m[np {]mtbmKnI`qanIIfpsS
\mebept]mepw AXns\ \nm
XncnpIbpw sNphm amthmbpsS
]nKmanIp IgnXpsImmWv
ssN \ ]p tcm K Xn bn te v Ip Xnp
sImncnp cm{ambnoXv.
am \ h hn ` h ti jn bm Wv b Ym Y
nep cm{kv Fv Xncn
dn bm I gn bm Xn cp ]n Km an I
kr n {] iv \ sf F s\ ] cn
l cn W sa Xm Wv am thm bp sS
ssN \ bp sS ap n ep {] [m \ s
{]Xnkn. Cu {]Xnknsb adnIS
m Ignnnsn cmbncn
C cp ] Xn tem I k Zv L S \ bp sS
s\ dp I bn C cn p hm ssN\ v
`mKyw e `n m X sbpw G Xm\pw
hjpn Xs AhnsS\n
v hotg KXntISnemWv XfpsS
cmPyw F n t cp I sb v Xn cn dn
Xp sImm Wv am \ h hn cp hpw
{Iq c hpam b "H Ip v \bw' ]n
h en p hm ssN \o kv I yq Wn v
]mnbpsS tI{ Inn o\w Xocp
am\nncnpXv.
P \ kwJym h [ \ hm Wv aqmw
temIw t\cnSp Ghpw henb {]iv
\sav hcpnXop sFIycm{
k`m kwLS\IfpsS {]NcWn
hiwhZambn "H Ipv' \bntev
\mSns\ sImpt]mIm\p NI
1977ap X X s B cw `n n cp p sh
nepw cm{hym]Iambn ssN\bn
Cu \ bw \ S m m \m cw `n Xv 1979
2013 Unkw_
9
Cs ssN\bnse sXmgnemfnIfn _lp`qcn`mK
hpw P\kwJym \nb{WanmXncp amthmImev
P\nhcmWv. ssN\bpsS IpXnn\v DuPw ]IcpXv
Cu P\kwJybmWv. Db P\kwJybp ssN\bn
se am\hhn`htijnsb {InbmIambn Bkq{XWw
sN p hm ] Xn I fm hn jv I cn p Ibpw kz Im cyk
nt\mSp IyqWnkns IpSnIsb ssk
mnI NIfn am{Xw A`ncanm hnSpIbpw sN
m amthmbpsS ]nKmanIp IgnXpsImm
Wv ssN\ ]ptcmKXnbntev IpXnpsImncnp
cm{ambnoXv.
embncpp.
(5)
ApapX Xs cmPy
ns hnIk\n\pw `mkpcamb
`m hnpw thn sb te _ temsS
Cu \nbaw ]ucamcpsS ta i
am bn A Sn t n s Sp I bm bn
cpp. cp ew ssN\okv bphm
(G I tZ iw 20 e w C y cq ])
hmjn I h cp am \ ap H cm v c
ma Xv H cp Ip pm hp I bm sW
n 4,80,000 ssN\okv bphm hsc
(48 ew cq]) ]ngbStn hcp
sa hn[nep Cu \nbaw
(6)
A
\p k cn p I bm sX \n hr n
bnm n Xn kr n p I bm Wv
ssN\okv `cWIqSw sNbvXXv. Bsc
nepw cmaXv K`nWnbmbm Ah
cpsS K`w Aeknnm\mbn P\kw
Jym \nb{W DtZymK \n_
n p A h bpmbn. Hmtcm
aWnqdnepw Bbncn Aqdv K
` inip H Ipv \bns
^ e am bn sIm s Sp p s m Wv
IWv. Cu \nbaw \Snemm\mcw
`n tijw 33.6 tImSn K`On{Zfpw
19.6 tImSn hywIcWfpw \Sn
psmWv IWpI ]dbpXv.
(7)
1979\pw 2011\p an S bv v \m] Xv
tImSn P\\ XSbm Xv
Ignnpsv ssN\okv A[nIm
cnI ]dbptm
(8)
AhnsS \Sp
{Iq cam b K ` On {Z fp sSbpw
\n_nX hywIcWfpsSbpw
`oIcamb Nn{Xw temIn\v e`np
pv . sU v Pn bzm, s^ v Pn
bmsabv ZXnIv ]ng ASm
I gn bn s v ] d Xn s t] cn
s^ n s K `m i b n h f cp
G gp am kw {]m bam b cma s
Ipns\ sImphm \n_n
ssN \o kv P \ kwJym D tZym K
cp sS \ S] Sn I gn h jw Pq
am k n em Wv ssN \o kv am [y a
fpsS NqSp]nSn NIv \nan
am b Xv .
(9)
B dp am k n Iq Sp X
{ ]m bam b K ` in ip sf
sImm ]mSns ssN\okv \nbaw
t]mepw P\kwJym \nb{Wns
t] cn ew Ln sp sImn cn p
p sh v hy am p tXm sSm w
Xs "H Ipv \bw' F{Xtm
fw {Iqchpw \nIrhpamsWpIqSn
CXv a\nemncppv.
\m Sn s \ bv v F ap X em
fn akv Xnjv I{]mf\n Ip
cp n kz w am \ h hn ` h ti jn sb
X I m ] Xn I fpm p Ih gn
ssN \ F n t `o am Im cam b
kmaqlnI {]XnknIfpsS Bgsa
{XbmsWv AdnbptmgmWv P\kw
Jym \nb{Wns t]cn \psS
\mSpw \Sp \onsmncnp
Xv \m i n te m sW h kv XpX
t_m [y sSpI. H Ip v \ b n
2013 Unkw_ 10
eqsS ssN\ hbamcpsS \mSmbn
opsImncnppshXmWv
ssN\okv IyqWnv ]mn o\w
Cu \bns\Xnsc Dbnncnp
{] [m \ s B t]w. H Ip v
\ bw cq ]o I cn p Ime v ssN
\okv ]ucs icmicn {]mbw 22.4
hbmbncppshn Cv AXv 34.5
hbmWv. 2050 BIptmtgv CXv
53.4 hbmbnocpsamWv sFIy
cm{ k`bpsS IWv. icmicn ssN
\mc\v hbv IqSnsmncnpp
sh Xn \ Yw A [zm \n m \m hp
bphmfpsS Fw Ipdbpshpw
hramcpsS Fw h[npsImn
cnppshpamWv. 1980se IWp
I {] Im cw 65 h b n \p ap I fn
{]m b ap h ssN \o kv P \ kw Jy
bpsS 5.2 i X am \ am bn cp s n
2000 G gp i X am \ hpw 2011 9.1
iXam\hpambnonpv. AtX
kabw 1980 ssN\okv P\kwJybp
sS 35.5 iXam\w ]Xn\mev hbn\v
Xmsgbphcmbncppshn 2000
CXv 22.9 iXam\ambpw 2011 16.5
iXam\ambpw IpdbpIbmWv sNbv
XnpXv. ssN\okv P\kwJybpsS
17.4 iXam\w 2030epw 29.3 iXam\w
2050epw hr am cm bn cn p sapw
Fm 2030 10.8 iXam\w am{X
hpw 2050 9.1 iXam\w am{Xhpambn
cnpw Ip n I fp sS F sa p ap
sF Iy cm { k ` bp sS I W p I
ssN\okv A[nImcnIfpsS Iv Xp
dnpXn\v \nanambnsbmWv
]pXn b Xo cp am \ hy am p
Xv . \ mep Z im n S bn
ssN \ bn se A [zm \n p h cp sS
iXam\nepmb Ipdhv sRnn
pXmWv. 15 hbn\pw 64 hbn
\panSbnephsc A[zm\nphcm
bn IpsImp ssN\okv n
XnhnhcWpI {]Imcw 1982
\nv 2011septm Cu hn`mKw
62.6 i X am \ n \n v 34.4 i X am
\ am bn Xm gp I bm Wv sN bv Xn cn p
Xv. A[zm\nphsc B{ibnp
\np hramcpsS A\p]mXw
1980 8.7Dw 2010 11.3Dw BsWn
2030 AXv 39.2 iXam\hpw 2050
AXv 47.6 iXam\hpambnocpsa
IWv sRnnpXmWv . HXv
tPm en m H cp D tZym K sam gn
bm sf kw c n p co Xn bn ep
Cs ssN\okv s]j ]Xn
bn \n v H cm H cm sf kw c n
tn hcp nXnbntev amdm
\mep]XnmpI Ignm aXn
sb nXn Fpam{Xw `ojWa!
H cp \m n se ] Ip Xn bn e [n Iw t]
cpw Adp]nbv Ign hr
amcmbnocp nXnbmWv H Ip
v \bw hgn ssN\bnepmIm
t]mIpsXv Xncndnv ]cnlm
c a t\z jn p ssN \o kv ` c Wm
[n Im cn I fp sS s\ tm n \n v
]mTapsImphm ]mmXy ]
T \ fn \nv Du P ap s Imv
"\mw Hv \apsmv' Fv ]mSnTn
m Cy ]ucamsc ]cnioen
n p \ p sS ` c Wm [n Im cn I
kamtIXmWv.
hr am cp sS \m Sm bn o cp
ssN \ bp sS km n I cw Khpw
km aq lycw K hp samw {] Xn k n
I t\cnSppv. Hmtcm ssN\okv
]uc\pw Xs B{ibnp Bdv
hr am cpm Ip n Xn bm Wv
H Ipv \bw aqew kwPmXambn
cn p Xv . X s am Xm ]n Xm fpw
AhcpsS amXm]nXmfpw HcmfpsS
kw c W nh cp n Xn hn
ti jw F p am{Xw {] bm k I c am
bn cn pw. i cmi cn ssN \o kv Kr l
n ] {v hr amcpw cv
bphmfpw Htcsbmcp Ippapm
Ip nXn! ap amcpw ap
namcpsamw acWshcmsWn
t]mepw Hcp hon \mep hramcpw
cv bphmfpw Htcsbmcp Ipp
amWpmhpI. hramv th
]cnNcWhpw ImcpWyhpw \Im
I gn bm n Xn bm Wv C Xp aq ew
kw Pm X am Ip Xv . hr am v
km s]j \IpIbpw kw
c Ww D d p h cp p Ibpw sN p
cp ew ssN\okv bphm hmjnI hcp
am\ap Hcmv cmaXv Hcp Ippm
hpIbmsWn 4,80,000 ssN\okv bphm
hsc ]ngbStn hcpsa hn[nep
\n b aw A \p k cn p I bm sX \n hr n
bnm nXn krnpIbmWv ssN\okv
`cWIqSw sNbv XXv. Bscnepw cmaXv
K `n Wn bm bm A h cp sS K `w A e kn
n m \m bn P \ kwJym \n b { W D tZym
K \n_np Ahbpmbn.
Hmtcm a Wn q dnepw B bnc n A q dv
K` inip "H Ipv \b'ns
^eambn sImsSppsmWv IWv.
2013 Unkw_
11
ps HutZymKnI hniZoIcWw
]q W a mbpw k Xy k am sW n
t]mepw Ahv afpw t]cafpw
\ tI Im cp Wyhpw ] cn K W \
bpw \Im s]j ]XnIsf
sImv I gn bp I bn s p d mWv .
hr am h [n p Ibpw Ah sc
thcoXnbn ]cnNcnphm Ign
bmXncnpIbpw sNpXnt\m
hen b F v {] Xn k n bm Wv H cp
cmPyn\v t\cnSm\pXv!
H Ipv \bw aqew ssN\ t\
cn Sp [man I {] Xn k n I fn
{][m\sXmWv IpdpsImncn
p s]IpnIfpsS Fw. Htc
Hcp Ipntb ]mSpqshv km
\n jv I jn p tm X pm
hp Ip v B Ip n X s bm
bn cn W sa v `q cn] w ssN \o
kv Z Xn Ifpw Xo cp am \n p Ibpw
]ndm t]mIpXv s]Ipm
sWn K`mibnshv Xs
\ in n p Ibpw B {`q W apm
Ip Xphsc Cu \ in n {]
hWX XpScpIbpw sNpXn\m
]pcpjkv{Xo A\p]mXn henb
AcamWv AhnsS \ne\npXv.
ssN \ bn B bn cw s] Ip n I
]n d p tm 1120 B Ip n I
]n d p p s m Wv kn . sF.
FbpsS Zn thUv ^mv _pv ]dbp
Xv.
(11)
2020 Bhptmtgv hnhml
{]mbsanb ]pcpjamcpsS Fw
kv {Xo I fp tS Xn t\ m aqp tIm Sn
bne[nIambncnpsamWv IWv.
(12)
Fm ]pcpjampw CWIsf
Inm\mhm AhbmWv CXpaqe
apmhpIsbpw AXv krnp
[manI {]iv \sf Fs\ ]cnl
cnm\mhpsav ssN\okv A[nImcn
Iv bmsXmcp Fpw ]nSnbpans
pw kn. F. F teJI\mb tdm
_v _yqIv kv shfnsSpppv.
(13)

P\kwJym h[\hmWv temIw
t\ cn Sp G hpw hen b {] iv \ sa
v h cp n Xop sImv tdm _
v am q kv F I tm en m
]m Xn cn F gpXn b "P \ kw Jy bp sS
Xzspdn Hcp D]\ymkw'
(14)

F IrXn ]pdndnbXpapXem
Wv P\kwJym kvt^mS\spdn
ASnm\clnXamb `o Xn ] c p
hm XpSnbXv. P\scpw \nb
{nnsn ]nWnbpw Zmcn{Zyhpw
m ahpw tcm K fpw A Im e a c W
hp samw kw ` hn p sav m
]np sImv F gp X s {] kv Xp X
Ir Xn bn se hm Z ap J sfmw A Sn
m \ c ln X am sW Xn \v A Xn
\p ti j ap a \p jy N cn{Xw X s
km n bmWv . am q kv ]p kv X I
sa gp Xn b tm gp P \ kw Jybmb
sXm qdp tIm Sn bn \n v C s
P \ kw Jy bmb F gp \ q dv tIm Sn bn
tev am\hcmin \Spt]mb cp
\qmpIfn `qanbn taamtWm
A X m aamtWm Dm b sX
tNmZyn\p kXykamb D
cw t a am sW p X s bm sW
hkvXpX \ntj[nphm Bpw
I gn bn. am q kn b hm Z sf
]p \ cp cnp sImv 1968 t]m
Fenv FgpXnb P\kwJym t_mw
_v F IrXnbn P\kwJym kv
t^mS\m 1985 Bhptmtgpw
tem I m sI ` y m a apm Ip
sapw kap{Z CmXmIpsapw
]mmXy \mSpIfn ]eXpw acp`q
anbmbnocpsapw icmicn Bbp
H Ipv \bneqsS ssN\ hbamcpsS \mSmbnopsImncnpp
shXmWv ssN\okv IyqWnv ]mn o\w Dbnncnp {][m\s Bt
]w. ssN\mc\v hbv IqSnsmncnppshXn\Yw A[zm\nm\mhp
bphmfpsS Fw Ipdbpshpw hramcpsS Fw h[npsImncnp
pshpamWv. A[zm\nphsc B{ibnp\np hramcpsS A\p]mXw
1980 8.7Dw 2010 11.3Dw BsWn 2030 AXv 39.2 iXam\hpw 2050 AXv 47.6
iXam\hpambnocpsa IWv sRnnpXmWv.
2013 Unkw_ 12
]mZ\w 62.4 tImSn S Bbncpp
shn 1990 520 tImSnbmbn P\
kw Jy h [n tm ` y [m \y
D]mZ\w 180 tImSnbmbnocpIbm
WpmbsXv sFIycm{k`bpsS
Xs tcJI hyamppv.
(16)

\m] Xv h j sImv P \
kwJy Ccnbmbtm `y[m\y
D ]mZ \w aq n c n bm bn o p
sh Yw. B tfml cn ` y [m \y
D]mZ\w Hc CcnbmhpIbmWv
P \ kw Jy C c n bm b tm kw `
hn sX h kv Xp X P \ kwJym
hn kv t^m S \ n eq sS Dm hp sa v
`bsSpp maw Hcp sIpIY
am{XamsWmWv hyampXv.
P \ kwJym`o Xn kr n p h
cp sS, B s] cp w ]u c am cp sS
ssZ Lyw 42 h b m bn Ip d bp
sa p samw {] h Nn p sh nepw
(15)

A sXm pwX s kw ` hn n. am
qkv FgpXp Imes P\kw
Jy bp sS G gn c nbpw F dn n s
IrXn ]pdndp Imes P\
kwJybpsS cv CcnbpamWv C
s P\kwJy. BfpIfpsS Fw
IqSn b Xn \m G Xp X c n ep
mahpw {]iv\fpamWv am\hcmin
t\cnSpsXv Cmefnse a\p
jy t am h I sf Xm c Xayw sN
bvXpsImv kaYnphm P\s
cp `oXnbpsS Cs hm
kamIptam?
F h [ \hn t\m sSm w Ip td
D]t`mm am{Xa krns
Sp sXpw a \p jy kr n p
ssh m\n I ap t fpw km
tXn I hn h fp samw `q an sb
Iq Sp X D ]m Z \ ahpw t a
{] Z hp am n o p p s p ap
hkv XpXI hnkv acnpItbm Xa
kv I cn p Itbm sN bv Xp sImm Wv
P \ kw Jym `o Xn bp sS h m
IWpI \ncmdpXv. P\kw
Jym h[\hns {Km^n\v kamc
ambn {]XypX h[am\ambnmWv
`qanbnse D]mZ\nsbpw t
a ] Xn I fp sSbpw {Km ^v ap tm p
t]mIpsX hkvXpX Ah Im
Wm Iqmmdn. 1950 temIs
P\kwJy 252 tImSnbmbncptm
`q an bn se sam w ` y [m \y D
2020 B hp tm tg v ssN \ bn hn hm l {]m b san b ]p cp j am cp sS F w
kv {XoIfptSXnt\m aqptImSnbne[nIambncnpsamWv IWv. Fm ]pcp
jampw CWIsf Inm\mhm AhbmWv CXpaqeapmhpIsbpw AXv
krnp [manI {]iv \sf Fs\ ]cnlcnm\mhpsav ssN\okv A[nIm
cnIv bmsXmcp [mcWbpanspw kn. F. F teJI\mb tdm_v _yqIv kv
shfnsSpppv.
2013 Unkw_
13
BtcmKys {]XnIqeambn _m[n
p sa hm Zhpw A Sn m \ c ln
X am sW h kv Xp X C y bp sS
IWpI hyamppv. 1901
C y bn se P \ kw Jy 23.8 tIm Sn
bm bn cp k ab v C y mc s
icmicn BbpssZLyw 24 hbm
bn cp p sh n 2004 P \ kw Jy
102 tIm Sn bm b tm C Xv 62 h b
m bn o p sh I W p I
P\kwJym h[\hv A\mtcmKya,
BtcmKyamWv {]Zm\w sNpsXv
sXcysSppp.
(17)
P\kwJym h
[\hn\\pkcnv P\fpsS PohnX
\nehmcw IqSpIbpw BtcmKyw h
[npIbpw bphmfpsSbpw IpnI
fp sSbpw a c W \nc v Ip d bp Ibpw
sNbv Xpsh hkvXpX Bs]cpw
\mia, A\p{KlamsWv a\n
emncppv.
P \ kwJym h [ \ hp aq ew P \
km{X h[npIbpw Hmtcmcp
cp sSbpw {] Xn io j h cp am \w Ip d
bp Xn \v A Xv \n an am hp Ibpw
AXpaqew mahpw hdpXnbpapm
hpIbpw sNpsapap hmZfpw
I g nm Xm sW p X s bm Wv
IWpI hyampXv. 2002se
i cmi cn {] Xn io j h cp am \w 7140
tUm f dm bn cp p sh m Wv I Wv .
P\km{X HXv am{Xap \mSpI
fmb tImwtKmbn 570 tUmfdpw am
enbn 780 tUmfdpw ss\Pdn 740
tUmfdpamWv {]Xnioj hcpam\w.
Fm P\km{X 6815 Bb knw
Kqcn {]Xnioj hcpam\w 24910
tUm f dm WpXm \pw.
(18)
P \ s cp w
D ]m Z \ a X h [n n p Ibpw
\m Sn sbpw \m p Im cp sSbpw t a
n\v \nanamhpIbpamWv sNp
I sb h kv Xp X {] Xn io j `q an
bpsS e`yXbv\pkcnv hcpam\w
F {X tm fw hy Xym k s Sp sa v
]cn tim [n m hy am hpw. 2002
se I W p I {] Im cw H cp N Xp
c {iIn tem ao dn 25806 t] Po hn
p aImDhn Hcmv icmicn
Hcpskv `qan am{Xw e`nptm
AhnSps NXpc{i Intemaodn
\np icmicn hcpam\w \m]
n tb gv tImSn tbm fw tUm f dmWv .
P\km{X 319 Bb Cybn CXv
F]n\membnctmfw tUmf
dpw P\km{X Fv Bb djy
bn CXv Adp]ntbgmbncntm
fw tUm fdpw P \ km{ X cm b
aw tKm fn b bn C Xv cm bnc n
F gpq tdm fw tUm f dp am sW
(19)

hkvXpX CXpambn XmcXayw sNp
tm gm Wv P \ s cp w F p am{Xw
D]mZ\aamsWv a\nemhpI.
`q an sbbpw a \p jy s\bpw kr
n p Ibpw a p Po h Pm e fn
\n v hy Xy kv Xam b A kv Xn Xzw
\In a\pjysc A\p{KlnpIbpw
sNbv X A m lp Po h Pm e fp sS
sbmw D ] Po h \ n s _m[y X
kzbw GsSppIbpw AXv IzpB
\n eq sS {] Jym ]n p Ibpw sN bv Xn
pv: ""`qanbn bmsXmcp Pphpw
AXns D]Poh\w Amlp _m[yX
GXmbnmsX C. A h bpsS
XmakkvYehpw kqnpkvYehpw
Ah Adnbpp. Fmw kv]jvSamb
Hcp tcJbnepv .''(Izp B 11: 6).
{]]ns {kmhv Xs Ah
s kr n I fp sS D ] Po h \ n s
_m[y X G s Sp pI gn n
Xn v Zm cn {Zy s ` b sp sImv
\oNhrnI sNm a\pjyscm
pw [r cm h cp sXpw A s\
sNphm a\pjysc t{]cnnpXv
AhcpsS i{Xphmb ]nimNmsWpw
amqknb hmZsf ]p\cpcnpsImv 1968
t]m Fenv FgpXnb P\kwJym t_mw_v F Ir
Xnbn P\kwJym kv t^mS\m 1985 Bhptm
tgpw temImsI `ymaapmIpsapw kap
{Z CmXmIpsapw ]mmXy \mSpIfn ]eXpw
acp`qanbmbnocpsapw icmicn BbpssZLyw
42 hbmbn Ipdbpsapsamw {]hNnpshnepw
A sXmpwX s kw ` hn n. am q kv F gp Xp
Imes P\kwJybpsS Ggncnbpw Fdnns Ir
Xn ]pdndp Imes P\kwJybpsS cv Cc
nbpamWv Cs P\kwJy.
2013 Unkw_ 14
Iz p B D Zv t_m [n n p p :
""]nimNv Zmcn{Zysn \nsf t]
SnsSppIbpw, \oNhrnIv
\nsf t{]cnnpIbpw sNpp.
Am lphm I s, Ahs ]
\n p amp w A\p { Klhp w
\nv hmKvZm\w sNpp. Am
lp hn ]p eamb IgnhpIfph\pw
( Fmw )Adnbph\pamIpp.''(2:
268). Zm cn {Zy ` b m a sf sIm
p I f bp Xv a lm ]m X I am sW v
]Tn n p tm X s Am lp hm
Wv Fmhpw D]Poh\w \Ip
sX hkvXpX DundbpIbpw
Ah\n {]Xobnphm a\p
jysc {]tNmZnnpIbpw IqSn sN
ppv IzpB: ""Zmcn{Zy`bm
\n \n fp sS Ip p sf
sImpIfbcpXv. \mamWv Ahpw
\npw D]Poh\w \IpXv .
Ahsc sIm p Xv Xobmbpw
`oaamb A]cm[amIpp.''(17:31).
{kmhns hmKv Zm\w s]mbm
sWv IcpXpIbpw XfpsS IW
p I fm Wv i cn sb v i Tn p Ibpw
sNbvXhcpsS sh{]mfamWv _oPnw
Kn \S IyqWnv ]mn o\
n temIw IXv. CseIfn
K Wn pmn b kz w I W p
I sfmw sX m sW v t_m [y s
`uXnI{]Xybimkv {Xns hm
]pXnb IWpI krnphm
\p X{XmSnemWv. am\hhn`hti
jnbmWv bYmYn cm{kv
F v Xn cn dn bp Ibpw {] kv Xp X
k n s\ B kq {Xn X am bn D ]
tbm Kn p hm I gn bp Ibpw sN p
tm am{XamWv GsXmcp cm{kw
hn [m \ n \m sW nepw A h bp sS
]ucamv kwXr]v Xamb PohnXw
{]Zm\w sNm IgnbpI. \mSns
\mbn P\kwJy Ipdbv phm
\nbafpmnbh F{X henb
Zp cn X fm Wv ssN \okv P \X v
km\nsXv ssN\okv Fgpp
Im c\m b am Pn bm \ns C cp
]m X F t\m h
(20)
hc pIm Wn
ppv. HutZymKnIamb A\paXn
e`nmsX cmaXpw K`nWnbmb
ao en sb ssN \o kv bp h Xn pw
` mhmb tImw Kv knpw k m
cn \npw A [n Im cn I fn \npw
t\ cn tSn h ]o U \ fp sSbpw
Zp cn X fp sSbpw Nn {Xo I c W amWv
t\m h en ep Xv . C cw ]o U \
fn eq sS ssN \m cmPyw kz K Xp ey
amIpsav IcpXnbhcmWv XfpsS
]mX sXmbncppshv Cv Xncn
dn bp Ibpw Ip k cn p Ibpw sN
p sX h kv Xp X Fm h scbpw
Nn n n tXm Wv . P \ kwJym
\n b { W n \m bn X kzo I
cn amK kzw \mSns \mi
n\mWv \nanambncnpsXv
Xn cn dn bp Ibpw kw kv I c W \ S ]
{kmhns hmKvZm\w s]mbmsWv IcpXpIbpw
XfpsS IWpIfmWv icnsbv iTnpIbpw sN
bv XhcpsS sh{]mfamWv _oPnwKn \S IyqWnv
]mn o\n temIw IXv. CseIfn KWn
p mnb kzw IWpIsfmw sXmsWv t_m
[ys `uXnI{]Xybimkv{Xns hm ]pXnb
IWpI krnphm\p X{XmSnemWv.
2013 Unkw_
15
Sn I B cw `n p Ibpw sN p tm
gpw A [n Im cn I fp sS {Iq c X I fp sS
_enbmSpI t\cn ]oU\v
Fv ]cnlmcsa tNmZyw Ahti
jnpIbmWv. ssZhnI shfn]mSns
P\kwJy Ipdbv phm \nbafpmnbh F{X
henb ZpcnXfmWv ssN\okv P\Xv km\nsX
v ssN \o kv F gp p Im c\m b am Pn bm \ns C cp
]mX F t\mh hcpImWnppv. HutZymKn
Iamb A\paXn e`nmsX cmaXpw K`nWnbmb aoen
sb ssN\okv bphXnpw `mhmb tImwKv knpw
kmcn\npw A[nImcnIfn\npw t\cntS n h
]oU\fpsSbpw ZpcnXfpsSbpw Nn{XoIcWamWv
t\mhenepXv.
sh fn n em sX \ Xn I
\n bn m A h B Xy n I am bn
Zp cn X am {X ta kw `m h \ sN
q sh h kv Xp X bv p \n ch [n
DZmlcWfnsemmbn H Ipv
\bw \Smm\mbn ssN\ kzoIcn
\S]SnI Ncn{Xn CSw t\Spw.
\bmsWv hyntbm kaqltam
IcpXp Imcyv ssZhnI sh
fn ]m Sn s ]n _ e an s n A Xv
B Xy n I am bn Xn bm bn o cp sa
Xn\v ssN\okv IyqWnv ]mn
o\nse {]kvXpX \bspdn
hn i I e \ fpw sX fn hm bn o cpw,
Xo.
aq mw tem I cm Py fp sS
{][m\s kv am\hhn`hti
jnbmsWv XncndnbpXpsImm
Wv P\kwJym \nb{Wn\v B
cm Py sf \n _ n p X {
v km {am PyXzw cq ] I ] \
sN p sX h kv XpX ssN \o kv
t\XrXzn\v C\nbpw a\nembn
n s v tXm pp. am \ h hn ` h ti
jn bp sS Im cy n ssN \ bp sS
sXmp]nnembn Cybpv FXp
sImp X s bmh Ww C Uy bn
iamb P\kwJym`oXn krnp
hm km{amPyXz saKmt^mWpIfm
bn am[yafpw apXemfnns
^p sImpPo hn p F. Pn.
HIfpw InWp{ianpXv. ssN\
]TnpsImncnp ]mTw CUy
m ]Tn cp sX v \n _ ap
XpsImmIWw am[yasfmpw
X s A mcyw N bv p t]mepw
F Sp m Xn cn p Xv . am \ h hn ` h
ti jn bp sS h f bv v X S bn Sp
X c n ep P \ s cp `o Xn bp sS
{] Nc Ww A h km \n n p Ibpw am
\ h hn ` h ti jn sb {In bm Ihpw
kr n ] c hp am bn B kq {X Ww sN
m sshZKv[yw D]tbmKnpIbpw
sN m CUy bp sS cm {o bt\
XrXzw k am bm tem I km
nI `q]Sns s\dpIbnsehn
sSsbnepw {XnhW]XmI Dbp
]mdpXv ImWm `mcXobsmw
`m Ky apm Ipw. AX, "\mw Hv
\ ap smv ' {] N c Whpw Ip Spw _m
kq {X W sa t] cn ep h ywI
cW \S]SnIfpambn aptmpt]mbn
km{amPyXzs kw{]oXamphm
2013 Unkw_ 16
X s bm Wv \ p sS ]pd m sS n
A\XnhnZqcam `mhnbn \p
sS C ybpw s] p sf In m
\nm, IpnIsf ImWm sImXn
p hramcm s]mdpXnapp,
Hcp \mSmbncnpw. \psS \mSv hm
[Iynte, bphXzntemWv
hftcsXv Xocpam\nphm\p
Cmin {]ISnnphm cm{ob
t\XrXzw kamhpsan temI
kmnI `q]Sns s\dpIbnte
v Cy IpXnpI Xs sNpw.
Amlp A\p{Klns. (Bao).
IpdnpI:
1. "China's one child policy, The pol-
icy that changed the world', (Editorial),
British Medical Journal, 2006 August 19.
2. Total Population, CBR, CDR, NIR
and TFR of China (1949-2000), China
Daily, 20.08. 2010.
3. Central Intelligence Agency: The
World Fact Book, China, www.cia.gov/
library/publications/the-world-factbook/
geos/ch.html#People.
4. " Xi nhua I nsi ght : One-chi l d
changes key to balanced population',
17.11.2013, http://www.china.org.cn/
china/Off_the_Wire/2013-11/17/con-
tent_30626512.htm.
5. Ansley J. Coale: Population
Trends, "Population Policy and Popula-
am\hhn`htijnbpsS hfbv v XSbnSp Xcn
ep P\scp`oXnbpsS {]NcWw Ahkm\nnp
Ibpw am \ h hn ` h ti jn sb {In bm Ihpw kr n ]
c hp am bn B kq {X Ww sN m ssh Z Kv [yw D ] tbm
Kn p Ibpw sN m CUy bp sS cm {o bt\ XrXzw
kambm temIkmnI `q]Sns s\dpI
bn se hn sS sb nepw {Xn h W]Xm I D b p]m dp
Xv ImWm `mcXobsmw `mKyapmIpw. AX,
"\mw Hv \apsmv' {]NcWhpw IpSpw_mkq{XW
sa t]cnep hywIcW \S]SnIfpambn aptmp
t]mbn km{amPyXzs kw{]oXamphm XsbmWv
\psS ]pdmsSn A\XnhnZqcam `mhnbn
\psS Cybpw s]psf Inm\nm, IpnIsf
ImWm sImXnp hramcm s]mdpXnapp,
Hcp \mSmbncnpw.
tion Studies in China', Population and
Development Review, Vol 7, Number
1, March 1981.
6. "Heavy Fine for Violators of One-
Child Policy', http://www.china.org.cn/
english/government/224913.htm.
7. Daniel Greenfeld: "China's One
Child Policy Has Aborted 1,500 Babies
Every Hour", Front Page Mag, March
26, 2013.
8. "400 million births prevented by
one-child policy', People's Daily, Octo-
ber 28, 2011.
9. Frank Langftt: "After A Forced
Abortion, A Roaring Debate In Chi-
na', July 05, 2012, http://www.npr.
org/2012/07/05/156211106/after-a-
forced-abortion-a-roaring-debate-in-
china.
10.Tyler Durden: "China Is Ending
Its "One-Child Policy' - Here Are The
Implications', 08/04/2013, http://www.
zerohedge.com/news/2013-08-04/
china-ending-its-one-child-policy-here-
are-implications.
11. Central Intelligence Agency: The
World Fact Book, China, https://www.
cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/elds/2018.html.
12. Rob Brooks: "China's biggest
problem? Too many men' , CNN,
March 5, 2013, http://edition.cnn.
com/2012/11/14/opinion/china-chal-
lenges-one-child-brooks.
13. Ibid.
14. T. Robert Malthus: "An Essay on
the Principle of Population', 1798.
15. Paul Ehrlich: The Population
Bomb(1968).
16. UNDP Human Development
Reports (www.undp.org).
17. Institute of applied manpower
research, Human Resources Profile,
India, New Delhi, and www.iamrindia.
org/manpro.htm.
18. Population Resource Bureau,
2002 World Population Datasheet,
World Panorama Section 2001, www.
prb.org/pdf02/02 Word Data sheet.pdf.
19. Ibid.
20. Ma Jian: The Dark Road, Chat-
to&Windus, London, 2013.