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    c3mr 4

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    Jenifer Bush
    The Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant (C3-MR) process developed by Air Products & Chemicals Inc. (APCI) is the most widely used liquefaction process to date, dominating about 75% of the natural gas liquefaction market since the late 1970s. The C3-MR process uses a multistage propane precooling system to initially cool the natural gas feed, followed by liquefaction using a mixed refrigerant in a main cryogenic heat exchanger. Key to the process are its proprietary spiral wound heat exchangers. Modifications by APCI in recent decades have increased the size of LNG plants it can produce using the C3-MR process.

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    c3mr 4

    Uploaded by

    Jenifer Bush
    80 views1 page
    The Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant (C3-MR) process developed by Air Products & Chemicals Inc. (APCI) is the most widely used liquefaction process to date, dominating about 75% of the natural gas liquefaction market since the late 1970s. The C3-MR process uses a multistage propane precooling system to initially cool the natural gas feed, followed by liquefaction using a mixed refrigerant in a main cryogenic heat exchanger. Key to the process are its proprietary spiral wound heat exchangers. Modifications by APCI in recent decades have increased the size of LNG plants it can produce using the C3-MR process.

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    The Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant (C3-MR) process developed by Air Products & Chemicals Inc. (APCI) is the most widely used liquefaction process to date, dominating about 75% of the natural gas liquefaction market since the late 1970s. The C3-MR process uses a multistage propane precooling system to initially cool the natural gas feed, followed by liquefaction using a mixed refrigerant in a main cryogenic heat exchanger. Key to the process are its proprietary spiral wound heat exchangers. Modifications by APCI in recent decades have increased the size of LNG plants it can produce using the C3-MR process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    80 views1 page

    c3mr 4

    Uploaded by

    Jenifer Bush
    The Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant (C3-MR) process developed by Air Products & Chemicals Inc. (APCI) is the most widely used liquefaction process to date, dominating about 75% of the natural gas liquefaction market since the late 1970s. The C3-MR process uses a multistage propane precooling system to initially cool the natural gas feed, followed by liquefaction using a mixed refrigerant in a main cryogenic heat exchanger. Key to the process are its proprietary spiral wound heat exchangers. Modifications by APCI in recent decades have increased the size of LNG plants it can produce using the C3-MR process.

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    3.2.3.

    1 APCI propane precooled mixed refrigerant process


    The Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant (C3-MR) process, developed by Air Products & Chemicals
    Inc. (APCI), is the most widely used liquefaction process to date. This process has dominated
    the base load LNG technology since the late 1970s with about 75% of the natural gas liquefaction
    market.
    The C3-MR process, as shown in Figure 3-3, is composed of a multistage propane precooling
    system followed by liquefaction using a mixed refrigerant system (made up of nitrogen, methane,
    ethane, and propane). The natural gas feed is initially cooled by a separate propane chiller package to
    an intermediate temperature, approximately 35_C (31_F). The natural gas is then liquefied and
    subcooled in the main cryogenic heat exchanger (MCHE), composed of a large number of small
    diameter spiral-wound tube bundles (i.e., spiral-wound or spool-wound heat exchanger). The mixed
    refrigerant is partially condensed by the propane chiller before entering the heat exchanger.

    The separate liquid and vapor streams are then chilled further before being flashed across Joule-
    Thomson valves, which provide the cooling for the final gas liquefaction.
    The heart of the APCI C3-MR process is its proprietary spiral wound heat exchangers (SWHE).
    Large capacity trains over 5 MTPA can be designed using the split MR compressor/driver
    arrangement, where the available power of each gas turbine driver and its helper motor/turbine is fully
    utilized for LNG production with a minimum number of refrigerant compressor casings.
    A modification by APCI made in the past decade has increased the size of LNG plants (over 6
    MTPA; e.g., several liquefaction trains commissioned in Qatar 2008 to 2011 are over 7.8 MTPA).
    The AP-X_ process adds a third refrigerant cycle (nitrogen expander) to provide the LNG subcooling
    duties outside the main cryogenic heat exchanger -MCHE (Roberts et al., 2002). With the nitrogen
    cycle, the size of the main exchanger can be kept the same, with the subcooling duty shared by the

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