Es 17 2 Notes

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Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 17
Section 2

Heat vs. Temperature


Heat
Energy transferred from one object to
another because of a difference in their
temperatures
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy
of the individual atoms or molecules in a
substance

Heat Transfer
1.

2.

3.

Conduction

Transfer of heat by direct contact between molecules

EXAMPLE?????
Convection
Heat transfer by mass movement or circulation within
a fluid
EXAMPLE????
Radiation
Heat transfer through empty space
EXAMPLE????

Laws Governing Radiation


1.
2.
3.

4.

All objects, at any temperature, emit


radiant energy
Hotter objects radiate more total energy
per unit area than colder objects do
The hottest radiating bodies produce the
shortest wavelengths of maximum
radiation
Objects that are good absorbers of
radiation are good emitters as well

What happens to Solar Radiation?


1. Energy is Absorbed and converted to heat

By clouds, atmosphere, and surface

50% of solar energy absorbed by the surface and


is re-radiated skyward
Can be trapped near surface by water vapor and
carbon dioxide = greenhouse effect

2. Energy is transmitted through substances


(air/water)

What happens to Solar Radiation?


3. Energy is bounced off

Reflection light bounces off an object; same


intensity is reflected
Scattering produces a large number of
weaker rays (forward and backward)

Scatters off small dust particles and gases

Temperature Controls

Any factor that causes temperature to


vary from place to place and from time to
time
1. heating of land vs. water
2. latitude
3. altitude
4. geographic position
5. cloud cover
6. ocean currents

Isotherms

Lines on a map joining places with the


same temperature

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