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    Identification of Explosives

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    mayberrie
    This document discusses the identification of different types of explosives. It describes high explosives like TNT, RDX, and PETN that explode rapidly and burn smoothly. It also describes low explosives like dynamite that deflagrate rapidly with heat and light. Military, commercial, and homemade improvised explosives are examined. Methods for identifying explosives include sequential solvent extraction and testing organic and inorganic extracts using techniques like thin layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.

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    Identification of Explosives

    Uploaded by

    mayberrie
    2K views9 pages
    This document discusses the identification of different types of explosives. It describes high explosives like TNT, RDX, and PETN that explode rapidly and burn smoothly. It also describes low explosives like dynamite that deflagrate rapidly with heat and light. Military, commercial, and homemade improvised explosives are examined. Methods for identifying explosives include sequential solvent extraction and testing organic and inorganic extracts using techniques like thin layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.

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    This document discusses the identification of different types of explosives. It describes high explosives like TNT, RDX, and PETN that explode rapidly and burn smoothly. It also describes low explosives like dynamite that deflagrate rapidly with heat and light. Military, commercial, and homemade improvised explosives are examined. Methods for identifying explosives include sequential solvent extraction and testing organic and inorganic extracts using techniques like thin layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views9 pages

    Identification of Explosives

    Uploaded by

    mayberrie
    This document discusses the identification of different types of explosives. It describes high explosives like TNT, RDX, and PETN that explode rapidly and burn smoothly. It also describes low explosives like dynamite that deflagrate rapidly with heat and light. Military, commercial, and homemade improvised explosives are examined. Methods for identifying explosives include sequential solvent extraction and testing organic and inorganic extracts using techniques like thin layer chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Identification of Explosives

    C.R. Midkiff, In Forensic Science Handbook, R. Saferstein, Ed., Prentice-Hall:Englewood C


    liffs, New Jersey, 1982, 222-266.
    Type of Explosives
    Military
    Commercial
    Home-made (Improvised)

    igh Explosives Low Explosives


    Explode : burn rapidly but Deflagrate : burn with great heat and
    smoothly. intense light (flash).

    Burning rate:20,000 ft/s. Burning rate:1,200 ft/s.

    No container is required. Require pressure container.

    Initiated by shock with booster Initiated with a burning fuse or


    charge or blasting cap. a hot wire.
    gh Explosives TNT 2,6-DNT 2,4-DNT
    CH3 CH3
    CH3
    O2N NO2 NO2
    O2N NO2
    roaromatics
    NO2 NO2

    NO2 O2N
    N N NO2
    H2C CH2 N
    clic nitramines N N
    RDX
    N HMX
    O2 N C NO2 O2 N N
    H2
    NO2

    Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine

    roaliphatics
    CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2ONO2
    O2NOH2C C CH2ONO2
    ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 ONO2 CH2ONO2

    Nitroglycerine Ethylene glycol dinitrate Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

    NG EGDN PETN
    gh Explosives Military
    TNT RDX PETN
    CH3 NO2
    O2N NO2 N CH2ONO2
    H2C CH2 O2NOH2C C CH2ONO2
    N N CH2ONO2
    O2 N C NO2
    NO2 H2
    Yellow to muddy brown White powder White powder
    Cast solid block, bead 90% in oil-rubber binder Flexible sheet explosives
    C-4, Plastic explosives Tubular primers
    “Military Dynamite” Detonating cord
    Blasting cap
    Ammonium
    nitrate

    Composition B
    AMATOL
    Hand grenades:
    60/40 of RDX/TNT
    gh Explosives Military, Commercial, Improvised
    Dynamite

    Dynamite type

    omponent(%) Straight Ammonia Straight Gel Ammonia Gel

    Nitroglycerine 39.0 16.5 32.0 26.2

    Nitrocellulose - - 0.7 0.4

    Ammonium Nitrate - 31.4 - 8.2

    Sodium Nitrate 43.5 37.5 51.8 49.6

    Sulfur - 3.6 2.2 5.6

    Filler 13.8 9.2 11.2 8.0


    Nitrocellulose
    HO HO OH O2NO O2NO ONO2
    O O
    HO O OH O2NO O ONO2
    O O
    HO OH O2NO ONO2
    OH ONO2
    w Explosives Commercial, Improvised

    Black powder : KNO3-C-S

    PyrodexR : KClO4-C-S

    Ammonium nitrate-Fuel oil(ANFO) : NH4NO3-Fuel oil

    Flash powder (M-80’s, Cherry bombs):


    Al powder or flakes-KClO4-C-S

    Ammonium nitrate Gels :


    Al powder or flakes-NH4NO3-Gelling agent
    entification
    1. Sequential solvent extraction
    Extraction of Organic
    components;
    Acetone, Dichloromethane
    filtered

    slow evaporation

    Organic extract Extracted debris


    air dried

    Extraction of Inorganic components;


    Hot water
    filtered

    dried concentrated

    Particulate Inorganic extract

    Testing
    entification

    2. Testing

    Organic extract:
    -TLC: Silica gel/ 4:1 CHCl3:C2H4Cl2/1%DPA in EtOH

    - Instrumental Analysis:
    FTIR, GC, HPLC, MS, XRD

    Inorganic extract:
    - Instrumental Analysis:
    FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDX

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