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Helicopter Aerodynamics

A helicopter uses rotors to generate lift and thrust, allowing it to take off and land vertically as well as hover and fly in any direction. Key components include the main rotor shaft and blades, whose pitch can be adjusted to control vertical and horizontal movement. Horizontal movement is achieved by tilting the rotor in the desired direction. The main rotor generates torque that requires an anti-torque system, typically a tail rotor, to cancel out and prevent the helicopter from spinning. Proper tail rotor placement and tilting the main rotor in the opposite direction helps reduce unwanted sideways movement from the tail rotor thrust.

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976 views12 pages

Helicopter Aerodynamics

A helicopter uses rotors to generate lift and thrust, allowing it to take off and land vertically as well as hover and fly in any direction. Key components include the main rotor shaft and blades, whose pitch can be adjusted to control vertical and horizontal movement. Horizontal movement is achieved by tilting the rotor in the desired direction. The main rotor generates torque that requires an anti-torque system, typically a tail rotor, to cancel out and prevent the helicopter from spinning. Proper tail rotor placement and tilting the main rotor in the opposite direction helps reduce unwanted sideways movement from the tail rotor thrust.

Uploaded by

DanyalAmir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HELICOPTER

AERODYNAMICS
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WHAT IS HELICOPTER?
Ahelicopteris a type
ofrotorcraftin
whichliftandthrustare supplied
byrotors. This allows the
helicopter to take off and land
vertically, to hover, and to fly
forward, backward, and laterally

TERMS TO KNOW!
SHAFT AXIS: IT IS THE AXIS OF MAIN
ROTOR SHAFT

SHAFT
SHAFT AXIS
AXIS OF ROTATION: IT IS THE AXIS OF
ROTOR HEAD AND BLADE ASSEMBLY.

PLANE OF ROTATION: THE PLANE OF


ROTATION OF THE ROTOR HEAD OR BLADE
ASSEMBLY WHICH IS RIGHT ANGLE TO THE
AXIS OF ROTAION

BLADE PITCH

TIP PATH PLANE: THE PATH OF THE ROTOR


TIPS PARALLELTO PLANE ROTATION
BLADE PITCH: IT IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN
CORD LINE AND PLANE OF ROTATION

CONING ANGLE: RISE OF BLADE


DUE TO THRUST, THUS THE BLADE
FORMS AN ANGLE WITH THE PLANE
OF ROTATION.

CONING ANGLE

HELICOPTER CONTROLS
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF HELICOPTER
CONTROLS: CYCLIC
THE COLLECTIVE

HORIZONTAL

ANTI-TORQUE PEDALS

VERTICAL

VERTICAL MOVEMENT
VERTICAL MOVEMENT IS ACHIEVED BY
INCREASING THE PITCH OF THE ROTATING
BLADE, THUS INCREASING THE ANGLE OF
ATTACK AND LIFT.

AS DRAG INCREASES WHEN LIFT


INCREASES THE ROTOR NECESSITATES THE
INCREASE IN POWER IN ORER TO MAINTAIN
ROTOR SPEED

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT IS ACHIEVED
BY TILTING THE ROTOR IN THE
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT.

TILTING OF ROTOR PROVIDES


HORIZONTAL COMPONENET OF
THRUST TO THE HELICOPTER AND
THUS IT MOVES IN THAT DIRECTION

ANTI-TORQUE CONTROL
TORQUE PRODUCTION:

Newton's third law of motion

requires that for every action


there is an equal and
opposite action. A typical
single main rotor helicopter
has a rotor system mounted
on a rotor mast. The
helicopter engine supplies
power so that the helicopter
can turn the mast, and thus
the rotor system connected to it. When the helicopter applies
torque to the mast to spin it, there is an equal-and-opposite torque
reaction which tries to turn the helicopter in the opposite direction.

CONTROL: TO REDUCE FINISH


THIS TORQUE THE ANTI TORQUE
IS PRODUCED WHICH CANCELS
IT.

TAIL ROTOR IS USED FOR THIS


PURPOSE
IT PRODUCES THRUST IN
OPPOSITE DIRECTION THUS
CREATING ANTI TORQUE WHICH

EFFECT OF TAIL ROTOR


TAIL ROTOR PRODUCES COUNTER TORQUE TO CANCEL
THE TORQUE PRODUCED

THIS TAIL
ROTOR
TORQUE IS
UNBALANCED
AND TEND TO MOVE
THE HELICOPTER SIDEWAYS.
REDUCTION: THIS CAN BE REDUCED PLACING THE
TAIL ROTOR AS FAR AS POSSIBLE FROM MAIN ROTOR
ALSO BY TILTING THE MAIN ROTOR IN THE OPPOSITE
DIRECTION TO THE TAIL ROTOR THRUS

THE END

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