Bentley

For other uses, see Bentley (disambiguation).

ley production models are the Continental Flying Spur,
Bentley Motors Limited (/bntli/) is a British luxury Continental GT and Mulsanne. Notable former Bentley
production models include the Bentley 4 Litre, Bentley
Speed Six, Bentley R Type Continental, Bentley Turbo R
and Bentley Arnage.

1 Cricklewood
Before World War I in Cricklewood near London, Walter
Owen Bentley had been in partnership with his brother
Horace Millner Bentley selling French DFP cars, but he
had always wanted to design and build his own range
of cars bearing his name. It was on a visit to the DFP
factory in 1913 that W.O. noticed an aluminium paperweight, and had the inspired idea of using the lightweight
metal instead of cast iron to make engine pistons. The
rst Bentley aluminium pistons went into service in aero
engines for the Sopwith Camel during World War I. In
August 1919, Bentley Motors Ltd. was registered, and a
chassis with dummy engine was exhibited at the London
Motor Show in October of that year.[15] An innovative 4
valves per cylinder engine designed by exRoyal Flying
Corps ocer Clive Gallop was built and running by December, and orders were taken for deliveries starting in
June 1920; however, development took longer than estimated, and the rst cars were not ready until September 1921.[15] Their durability earned widespread acclaim.
Appearances were made in hill climbs and at Brooklands.

Bentleys winged B badge and bonnet (hood) ornament

automaker, and a wholly owned subsidiary of the German company Volkswagen AG.[12] Its principal activity
is the design, engineering, manufacture, and distribution
of luxury automobiles sold under the Bentley marque.
Based in Crewe, England, Bentley Motors Limited was
founded by W. O. Bentley on 18 January 1919 in Cricklewood near London and was acquired by Rolls-Royce in
1931.
Bentley Motors Limited is the direct successor of RollsRoyce Motors, which Volkswagen AG purchased in
1998. The purchase included the vehicle designs, model
nameplates, production and administrative facilities, the
Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grille shape trademarks, but not the rights to the use of the Rolls-Royce
name or logo, which are owned by Rolls-Royce Holdings
plc and were later licensed to BMW AG.

1.1 First major event 1922 Indianapolis

500
Bentley entered the 1922 Indianapolis 500 mile race as
their rst major event, sending one car with works
driver Douglas Hawkes and riding mechanic H. S.
Bertie Browning.[16] In a race dominated by specialized
cars with Duesenberg racing chassis, Hawkes completed
the full 500 miles in a modied road car, nishing 13th
with an average speed of 74.95 mph after starting in 19th
position.[17] The team was then rushed back to England
to compete in the 1922 RAC Tourist Trophy.[16][18]

Bentley vehicles are sold via franchised dealers worldwide, and as of November 2012, China was the largest individual market for Bentley automobiles.[13] Most Bentley cars are assembled at the companys plant in Crewe,
with a small number of Continental Flying Spurs assembled at the Transparent Factory in Dresden, Germany.[14]
Automobile bodies for the Continental model line are
1.2 Barnato becomes chairman
produced in Zwickau, Germany. Bentley cars are largely
hand-built.
Woolf Barnato acquired his rst Bentley (a 3-litre) in
Bentley cars won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1924, 1925, just 12 months before he also acquired the busi1927, 1928, 1929, 1930 and 2003. The current Bent- ness itself. With this car he won numerous Brooklands
1

1 CRICKLEWOOD

races. He was a member of a social set of wealthy British

motorists known as the "Bentley Boys" who favoured
the cars of W. O. Bentley. Many were independently
wealthy, often with a background in military service.
Barnato was nicknamed Babe, in ironic deference to
his heavyweight boxer's stature.

In March 1930, during the Blue Train Races, Woolf Barnato raised the stakes on Rover and its Rover Light Six,
having raced and beaten Le Train Bleu for the rst time,
to better that record with his 6-litre Bentley Speed Six
on a bet of 100. He drove against the train from Cannes
to Calais, then by ferry to Dover, and nally London, travThe Bentley enterprise was always underfunded, but in- elling on public highways, and won.
spired by the 1924 Le Mans win by John Du and Frank Barnato drove his H.J. Mullinerbodied formal saloon in
Clement, Barnato agreed to nance Bentleys business. the race against the Blue Train. Two moths later, on 21
Barnato had incorporated Baromans Ltd in 1922, which May 1930, he took delivery of a Speed Six with streamexisted as his nance and investment vehicle. Via Baro- lined fastback Sportsman Coup" by Gurney Nutting.
mans, Barnato initially invested in excess of 100,000, Both cars became known as the "Blue Train Bentleys";
saving the business and its workforce. A nancial reor- the latter is regularly mistaken for, or erroneously referred
ganisation of the original Bentley company was carried to as being, the car that raced the Blue Train, while in fact
out and all existing creditors paid o for 75,000. Exist- Barnato named it in memory of his race.[19][20] A painting
ing shares were devalued from 1 each to just 1 shilling, by Terence Cuneo depicts the Gurney Nutting coup racor 5% or their original value. Barnato held 149,500 of ing along a road parallel to the Blue Train, which scenario
the new shares giving him control of the company and never occurred as the road and railway did not follow the
he became chairman. Barnato injected further cash into same route.
the business: 35,000 secured by debenture in July 1927;
40,000 in 1928; 25,000 in 1929. With renewed nancial input, W. O. Bentley was able to design another gen- 1.4 Car models, Cricklewood
eration of cars.

1.3

The Bentley Boys

Main articles: Bentley Boys and Blue Train Races

A group of wealthy British motorists known as the

Bentley 8 Litre 4-door sports saloon

192129 3-litre
1929 4 litre Blower Bentley
developed in Welwyn Garden City by Tim Birkin and pushed
over W.O. to market before it was reliable

"Bentley Boys"Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry Tim

Birkin, steeplechaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S.C.H. Sammy Davis, and
Dr Dudley Benjaeld among themkept the marques
reputation for high performance alive. Bentley, located at
Cricklewood, north London, was noted for its four consecutive victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1927
to 1930.

192630 4-litre & Blower Bentley

192630 6-litre
192830 6-litre Speed Six
193031 8-litre
1931 4-litre

The original model was the 3-litre, but as customers put

heavier bodies on the chassis, a larger 4-litre model
followed. Perhaps the most iconic model of the period is the 4-litre Blower Bentley, with its distincIn 1929, Birkin had developed the lightweight Blower tive supercharger projecting forward from the bottom of
Bentley, including ve racing specials that started with the grille. Uncharacteristically fragile for a Bentley it
the Brooklands racing designed Bentley Blower No.1.
was not the racing workhorse the 6-litre was, though

1.6

Receivership, Sale to Rolls-Royce

in 1930 Birkin remarkably nished second in the French 1.6 Receivership, Sale to Rolls-Royce
Grand Prix at Pau in a stripped-down racing version of the
Blower Bentley, behind Philippe Etancelin in a Bugatti The Wall Street Crash of 1929 aected the Bentley busiType 35.
ness greatly, with the Great Depression reducing demand
The 4-litre model later became famous in popular me- for its expensive products. In July 1931, two mortgage
dia as the vehicle of choice of James Bond in the origi- payments on the rm that were guaranteed by Barnato
nal novels, but this has been seen only briey in the lms. fell due, and he advised the lenders that he was unable
John Steed in the television series The Avengers also drove to meet these debts. On 10 July, on the application of
the mortgagee, the court appointed a Receiver to Bentley
a Bentley.
Motors Limited.[22]
The new 8-litre was such a success that when Barnatos
money seemed to run out in 1931 and Napier was planThe Press Association understands that
ning to buy Bentleys business, Rolls-Royce purchased
Messrs
Napier and Son, aero-engine builders,
Bentley Motors to prevent it competing with their most
have
reached
an agreement to take over Bentexpensive model, Phantom II.
ley Motors Limited which is in voluntary liquidation. It is expected that the matter will come
before the Court within the next few days.
1.5 Performance at Le Mans
Press Association, Napier To Absorb
Bentley Motors, The Times, Saturday, Oct 24,
1931; pg. 18; Issue 45962
Napier & Son negotiated with Bentleys receiver to buy
the company, with the takeover expected to be made nal
in November 1931. Instead, a competitor named British
Central Equitable Trust oered a counter-proposal and
with an oer of 125,000 outbid Napier in a sealed bid
auction.[23] British Central Equitable Trust later proved to
be a front for Rolls-Royce Limited.[24] Not even Bentley
himself knew the true identity of the purchaser until the
deal was completed.[15]

Bentley Speed Six

1.5.1

24 hours of Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance

1923 4th (private entry) (3-Litre)

1924 1st (3-Litre)
1925 did not nish
1926 did not nish
1927 1st 15th 17th (3-Litre)
1928 1st 5th (4-litre)
1929 1st (Speed Six); 2nd 3rd 4th: (4-litre)
1930 1st 2nd (Speed Six)

Barnato received around 42,000 in return for his shares

in Bentley Motors, having bought a sizeable stake in
Rolls-Royce not long before Bentley Motors was liquidated. By 1934 he was appointed to the board of the new
Bentley Motors (1931) Ltd.[25]
This attempted total obliteration of Bentley Motors
and its founder was one outcome of a highly personal
"vendetta" between the two engineers, Hives and Bentley,
two men of quite dierent natures, begun in 1914 when
Bentley was made ocial liaison between Government
and aero engine manufacturers. Bentleys abiding weaknesses were in sometimes poor personal relationships
combined with his apparent inability to curb spending on
development. The 8-Litre was acknowledged to be the
better if more expensive car. Bentley may have been the
better engineer. He accepted the position of patron of
the Bentley Drivers Club just before the end of Woolf
Barnatos term as its president.

2 Rolls-Royce ownership Derby

Rolls-Royce took over the assets of Bentley Motors

Bentley withdrew from motor racing just after winning at (1919) Ltd and formed a new wholly owned company
Le Mans in 1930, claiming that they had learned enough called Bentley Motors (1931) Ltd. Rolls-Royce had acabout speed and reliability.[21]
quired the Bentley showrooms in Cork Street, the service

3 CREWE
for the anticipated war.[30] During the war more than
25,000 Merlin aircraft engines were produced at the
new factory.[30] After World War II, Rolls-Royce chose
to focus its aero-engine production on Derby.[30] Production of motorcars was moved to the ex-wartime shadow
factory in Crewe.[30]

3.1 Post-war standard-steel saloons

The silent sports car

1935 3-litre Cabriolet by

station at Kingsbury, the whole establishment at Cricklewood and Bentley himself. This last was disputed by
Napier in court without success. The old business had not
troubled to register their Bentley trademark. Rolls-Royce
took immediate steps to remedy that. The Cricklewood
factory was closed during 1932 and sold. Production
stopped for two years,[26] before resuming at the RollsRoyce works in Derby. Unhappy with his role at RollsRoyce, when his contract expired at the end of April 1935 Bentley Mark VI standard steel saloon, the rst Bentley supplied
W. O. Bentley left to join Lagonda.
by Rolls-Royce with a standard body.
When the new Bentley 3 litre appeared in 1933, it was
a sporting variant of the Rolls-Royce 20/25, which disappointed some traditional customers yet was well received by many others. W. O. Bentley was reported
as saying, Taking all things into consideration, I would
rather own this Bentley than any other car produced under that name.[15] Rolls-Royces advertisements for the
3 1 2 Litre called it the silent sports car,[27] a slogan
Rolls-Royce continued to use for Bentley cars until the
1950s.[28]

Until some time after World War II, most high-end motorcar manufacturers like Bentley and Rolls-Royce did
not supply complete cars. They sold rolling chassis,
near-complete from the instrument panel forward. Each
chassis was delivered to the coachbuilder of the buyers
choice. The biggest specialist car dealerships had coachbuilders build standard designs for them which were held
in stock awaiting potential buyers.

All Bentleys produced from 1931 to 2004 used inherited

or shared Rolls-Royce chassis, and adapted Rolls-Royce
engines, and are described by critics as badge-engineered
Rolls-Royces.[29]

2.1

Car models, Derby

193337 3-litre
193639 4-litre
193941 Mark V
1939 Mark V

The assembled pressings from Pressed Steel

To meet post-war demand, particularly UK Government

pressure to export and earn overseas currency, RollsRoyce developed an all steel body using pressings made
A 60 acre site was acquired for Rolls-Royce by the British by Pressed Steel to create a standard ready-to-drive
government on the western side of Crewe, Cheshire complete saloon car. The rst steel-bodied model proin May 1938 in order to support the companys work duced was the Bentley Mark VI: these started to emerge

Crewe

5
from the newly recongured Crewe factory early in
1946.[30][31] Some years later, initially only for export, the
Rolls-Royce Silver Dawn was introduced, a standard steel
Bentley but with a Rolls-Royce radiator grille for a small
extra charge, and this convention continued.
Chassis remained available to coachbuilders until the end
of production of the Bentley S3, which was replaced for
October 1965 by the chassis-less monocoque construction T series.

195255 R Type
Continental
195255 R Type Continental
S-series
195559 S1 and Continental
195962 S2 and Continental
196265 S3 and Continental

3.2

Bentley Continental
T-series
196577 T1
197780 T2
197184 Corniche
197586 Camargue

4 Vickers
Bentley Continental, fastback coup body by H J Mulliner

The Continental fastback coup was produced principally for the domestic home market, the majority of cars
produced (165, including a prototype) being right-hand
drive. The chassis was produced at the Crewe factory and
shared many components with the standard R type. Other
than the R-Type standard steel saloon, R-Type Continentals were delivered as rolling chassis to the coachbuilder
of choice. Coachwork for most of these cars was completed by H. J. Mulliner & Co. who mainly built them in
fastback coupe form. Other coachwork came from Park
Ward (London) who built six, later including a drophead
coupe version. Franay (Paris) built ve, Graber (Wichtrach, Switzerland) built three, one of them later altered
by Kng (Basel, Switzerland), and Pininfarina made one. The Bentley logo on a 1998 Arnage
James Young (London) built in 1954 a Sports Saloon for
the owner of James Youngs, James Barclay.
The problems of Bentleys owner with Rolls-Royce aero
The early R Type Continental has essentially the same engine development, the RB211, brought about the nanengine as the standard R Type, but with modied cial collapse of its business in 1970.
carburation, induction and exhaust manifolds along with
higher gear ratios.[32] After July 1954 the car was tted
with an engine, having now a larger bore of 94.62 mm
(3.7 in) with a total displacement of 4,887 cc (4.9 L;
298.2 cu in). The compression ratio was raised to 7.25:1.

3.3

Car models, Crewe

Standard-steel saloon
194652 Mark VI

The motorcar division was made a separate business,

Rolls-Royce Motors Limited, which remained independent until bought by Vickers plc in August 1980. By the
1970s and early 1980s Bentley sales had fallen badly; at
one point less than 5% of combined production carried
the Bentley badge.[15] Under Vickers, Bentley set about
regaining its high-performance heritage, typied by the
1980 Mulsanne. Bentleys restored sporting image created a renewed interest in the name and Bentley sales
as a proportion of output began to rise. By 1986 the
Bentley:Rolls-Royce ratio had reached 40:60; by 1991
it achieved parity.[15]

VOLKSWAGEN

199495 Continental S: to order only version of

Continental R with features of Turbo S incorporated
199597 New Turbo R: updated 96MY Turbo R
with revised bumpers, single front door glazing, new
door mirrors, spare in trunk, engine cover, new seat
design, auto lights, auto wipers etc.
19952003 Azure: convertible Continental R
19962002 Continental T: short-wheelbase performance model
1984 Bentley Mulsanne Turbo

199798 Turbo RL: new Turbo R LWB (Long

Wheel Base)
199798 Bentley Turbo RT: replacement for the
Turbo RL
199798 RT Mulliner: Ultra exclusive performance model

5 Volkswagen
5.1 Volkswagen AG vs. BMW AG
In October 1997, Vickers announced that it had decided
to sell Rolls-Royce Motors. BMW AG seemed to be
a logical purchaser because BMW already supplied engines and other components for Bentley and Rolls-Royce
Car models, Crewe Vickers
branded cars and because of BMW and Vickers joint efforts in building aircraft engines. BMW made a nal of198495 Continental: convertible
fer of 340m, but was outbid by Volkswagen AG, which
oered 430m. Volkswagen AG acquired the vehicle
199295 Continental Turbo
designs, model nameplates, production and administrative facilities, the Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grille
198092 Bentley Mulsanne
shape trademarks, but not the rights to the use of the
Rolls-Royce name or logo, which are owned by Rolls 198488 Mulsanne L: limousine
Royce Holdings plc. In 1998, BMW started supplying
198285 Mulsanne Turbo
components for the new range of Rolls-Royce and Bent 198792 Mulsanne S
ley carsnotably V8 engines for the Bentley Arnage and
V12 engines for the Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph, however,
198492 Eight: basic model
the supply contract allowed BMW to terminate its sup198595 Turbo R: turbocharged performance ver- ply deal with Rolls-Royce with 12 months notice, which
would not be enough time for Volkswagen to re-engineer
sion
the cars.
19912002 Continental R: turbocharged 2-door BMW paid Rolls-Royce plc 40m to license the Rollsmodel
Royce name and logo. After negotiations, BMW and

Bentley Brooklands

4.1

Volkswagen AG agreed that, from 1998 to 2002, BMW

would continue to supply engines and components and
19962002 Continental T
would allow Volkswagen temporary use of the Rolls 19992003 Continental R Mulliner: perfor- Royce name and logo. All BMW engine supply ended
in 2003 with the end of Silver Seraph production.
mance model
199495 Continental S: intercooled

From 1 January 2003 forward, Volkswagen AG would

be the sole provider of cars with the Bentley marque.
199698 Brooklands R: performance Brook- BMW established a new legal entity, Rolls-Royce Motor
Cars Limited, and built a new administrative headquarlands
ters and production facility for Rolls-Royce branded ve 199495 Turbo S: limited-edition sports model
hicles in Goodwood, West Sussex, England.
199298 Brooklands: improved Eight

5.3

Modern Bentleys

7
After acquiring the business, Volkswagen spent GBP500
million (about US$845 million) to modernise the Crewe
factory and increase production capacity.[33] As of early
2010, there are about 3,500 working at Crewe, compared
with about 1,500 in 1998 before being taken over by
Volkswagen.[34] It was reported that Volkswagen invested
a total of nearly US$2 billion in Bentley and its revival.[35]
As a result of upgrading facilities at Crewe the bodywork
now arrives fully painted at the Crewe facility for nal assembly, with the parts coming from Germanysimilarly
Rolls-Royce body shells are painted and shipped to the
UK for assembly only.

Bentley Azure Mulliner 2003 Final Series

5.2

Car models, Crewe VW & BMW

19992002 Azure Mullinerperformance model

1999 Continental T Mullinerrmer suspension

5.3

Modern Bentleys

In 2002, Bentley presented Queen Elizabeth II with an ofcial State Limousine to celebrate her Golden Jubilee. In
2003, Bentleys two-door convertible, the Bentley Azure,
ceased production, and Bentley introduced a second line,
Bentley Continental GT, a large luxury coup powered by
a W12 engine built in Crewe.
Demand had been so great that the factory at Crewe
was unable to meet orders despite an installed capacity
of approximately 9,500 vehicles per year; there was a
waiting list of over a year for new cars to be delivered.
Consequently, part of the production of the new Flying
Spur, a four-door version of the Continental GT, was assigned to the Transparent Factory (Germany), where the
Volkswagen Phaeton luxury car is also assembled. This
arrangement ceased at the end of 2006 after around 1,000
cars, with all car production reverting to the Crewe plant.
In April 2005, Bentley conrmed plans to produce a
four-seat convertible modelthe Azure, derived from
the Arnage Drophead Coup prototypeat Crewe beginning in 2006. By the autumn of 2005, the convertible
version of the successful Continental GT, the Continental
GTC, was also presented. These two models were successfully launched in late 2006.
A limited run of a Zagato modied GT was also announced in March 2008, dubbed GTZ.

The Bentley line-up from late 2000s (from left): Flying Spur,
Continental GT, and Arnage

Queen Elizabeth II's Bentley State Limousine

A new version of the Bentley Continental was introduced

at the 2009 Geneva Auto Show: The Continental Supersports. This new Bentley is a supercar combining extreme
power with environmentally friendly FlexFuel technology, capable of using petrol (gasoline) and biofuel (E85
ethanol).
Bentley sales continued to increase, and in 2005 8,627
were sold worldwide, 3,654 in the United States. In 2007,
the 10,000 cars-per-year threshold was broken for the rst
time with sales of 10,014. For 2007, a record prot of
155 million was also announced.[36] Bentley reported a
sale of about 7,600 units in 2008.[37] However, its global
sales plunged 50 percent to 4,616 vehicles in 2009 (with
the U.S. deliveries dropped 49% to 1,433 vehicles) and
it suered an operating loss of 194 million, compared
with an operating prot of 10 million in 2008.[33][38] As
a result of the slump in sales, production at Crewe was
shut down during March and April 2009.[39] Though vehicle sales increased by 11% to 5,117 in 2010, operating

REFERENCES

loss grew by 26% to 245 million.[40] In Autumn 2010, 5.4 Car models, Crewe Volkswagen
workers at Crewe staged a series of protests over proposal
1998: Arnage saloon
of compulsory work on Fridays and mandatory overtime
during the week.[41]
1999: Hunaudieres Concept
Vehicle sales in 2011 rose 37% to 7,003 vehicles, with
2002: State Limousine
the new Continental GT accounting for over one-third of
total sales. The current workforce is about 4,000 people.
2003: Continental GT coup
The business earned a prot in 2011 after two years of
2005: Continental Flying Spur saloon
losses as a result of the following sales results:[42]
2006: Azure convertible
2006: Continental GT convertible
2007: Continental GT Speed coup
2008: Bentley Brooklands coup
2008: Bentley Continental Flying Spur (2005)
Speed saloon
2009: Continental GTC Speed

1998

2009: Azure T
2009: Arnage saloon, Final Series
2009: Continental Supersports
2009: Bentley Zagato GTZ[44]
2010: Bentley Mulsanne
2011: 2nd Generation Continental GT
2013: Bentley Flying Spur
2005

2016: Bentley Bentayga

5.5 Motorsport
A Bentley Continental GT3 entered by the M-Sport
factory team won the Silverstone round of the 2014
Blancpain Endurance Series. This was Bentleys rst ofcial entry in a British race since the 1930 RAC Tourist
Trophy.[45]
2011

5.3.1

6 See also
Deliveries, prots and sta

Sources Volkswagen AG Annual Reports and press releases[43]

5.3.2

Production

List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

7 References
[1] Volkswagen AG 2012, p. 68.

Sources Volkswagen AG Annual Reports[43]

[2] Volkswagen AG 2012, p. 49.

Unsold cars. During the years 2011 and 2012 production

exceeded deliveries by 1,187 cars which is estimated to
have trebled inventory.

[3] http://www.bentleymotors.com/en/
world-of-bentley/our-story/news/2014/
wolfgang-duerheimer-bentley-ceo.html

[4] Volkswagen AG 2012, p. 102.

[5] Volkswagen AG 2012a, p. 120.
[6] vwagfy2012.
[7] Volkswagen AG 2012a, p. 121.
[8] Armistead, Louise (9 October 2013). Video: behind the
scenes at the Bentley factory. The Daily Telegraph (London).

[22] Receiver Appointed Of Bentley Motors Limited Re

Bentley Motors Limited; London Life Association Limited v. Bentley Motors Limited, And Woolf Barnato.
The Times, Saturday, 11 Jul 1931; pg. 4; Issue 45872
[23] Feast, Richard (2004). When Barnato bought Bentley.
The DNA of Bentley. St. Paul, MN: MotorBooks International. pp. 6465. ISBN 978-0-7603-1946-8. Retrieved
26 March 2012.
[24]

It was ocially announced yesterday that

the assets of the Bentley Motor Company
have been taken over from the British Equitable Central Trust by Rolls-Royce who have
under consideration the formation of a subsidiary company to deal with the matter. The
service and repairs for the benet of Bentley
owners will be continued.:"Motor Trade
Mergers. The Times, Saturday, 21 Nov
1931; pg. 19; Issue 45986.

[25]

Captain Woolf Barnato has joined the

board of Bentley Motors (1931) Limited.
This appointment does not indicate any
change in the companys policy of not engaging in motor racing.
"City News in Brief. The
Times, Thursday, 8 Mar 1934; pg.
19; Issue 46697.

[9] Volkswagen AG 2012, p. 19.

[10] Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Facts and Figures 2012
(PDF). volkswagenag.com.
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. 2012-06-11. 1058.809.453.20. Archived
from the original on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
[11] Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Annual Report 2011
(PDF). volkswagenag.com (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft). 2012-03-12. 258.809.536.00. Archived from
the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
[12] Armitstead, Louise (6 October 2013). Monday Interview: Bentley boss on whats driving demand for luxury
British cars. London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 April
2014.
[13] Einhorn, Bruce (5 April 2012). The Surge in Chinas
Auto Sales May Soon Slow. Bloomberg Businessweek.
[14] BENTLEY: MADE IN GERMANY. PistonHeads. 14
November 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
[15] Georgano, Nick, ed. (2000-10-01). Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile (Hardcover, Reprint ed.). Oxford,
United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN 1-57958-293-1.
[16] Wagsta, Ian (September 2010). 3: The Not-SoRoaring Twenties. The British at Indianapolis=. Dorchester, UK: Veloce Publishing. pp. .2627. ISBN 978-184584-246-8. Retrieved 11 October 2013. It was an event
that was to prove a costly exercise for the Cricklewoodbased company in sending both a professional driver and
a mechanic with the car.
[17] Davidson, Donald; Schaer, Rick (2006). Ocial Box
Scores 19112006. Autocourse Ocial History of the Indianapolis 500. St. Paul, MN USA: MBI Publishing. p.
327. ISBN 1-905334-20-6. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
[18] Davidson, Donald, Schaer, Rick, Autocourse Ocial
History of the Indianapolis 500, page 60
[19] Melissen, Wouter (12 January 2004). Bentley Speed
Six 'Blue Train Special'". UltimateCarPage. Retrieved
4 November 2008.
[20] Burgess-Wise, David (1 January 2006). The Slippery
Shape of Power. Auto Acionado. Archived from the
original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
[21] Bentley Motors To Give Up Racing. Evening Telegraph
(Angus, Scotland, UK: British Newspaper Archive). 1
July 1930. Retrieved 23 July 2014. (subscription required
(help)).

[26] Finley, Ross (29 November 1985). Luxury of the longdistance cruiser. Glasgow Herald. p. 21. Retrieved 5
April 2013.
[27] Feast, Richard, The DNA of Bentley, Chapter 5 Togetherness: Rolls-Royce/Bentley, p. 77
[28] Stein, Ralph (1952). Sports Cars of the World. Scribner.
p. 43. Retrieved 29 September 2013. These, known as
the silent sports car, have been successfully marketed for
almost twenty years now in various models.
[29] Sewell, Brian (13 July 2004). New Bentley is a drive
in the wrong direction. The Independent (London). Retrieved 5 April 2013.
[30] Crewes Rolls-Royce Factory From Old Photographs by
Peter Ollerhead and Tony Flood, republished electronically 2013 by Amberley Publishing of Stroud, Gloucestershire, England
[31] Ollerhead, P. (2013). Crewes Rolls-Royce Factory
From Old Photographs. Amberley Publishing. ISBN
9781445627649. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
[32] Used Car test: Bentley Continental.
(3824): 4748. 29 May 1969.

Autocar 130

[33] Cremer, Andreas (24 June 2010). Volkswagen Said to

Shue Porsche, Bentley Managers. BusinessWeek. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
[34] Gillies, Mark (10 May 2010). Going Back in Time at the
Bentley Factory. Car and Driver blog. Retrieved 25 June
2010.
[35] Edmondson, Gail (6 December 2004). VW Steals A
Lead In Luxury. BusinessWeek. Retrieved 25 June 2010.

10

[36] Garlick. Bentley reports record prot. Retrieved 18

March 2008.
[37] Reiter, Chris; Ramsey, Mike (15 December 2009).
Daimler Maybach Fails to Dent Rolls, Bentley SuperLuxury Lead. Bloomberg.
[38] Cremer, Andreas (14 January 2010). Volkswagens
Bentley Targets U.S. Growth With Mulsanne Sedan.
BusinessWeek. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
[39] Massey, Ray (23 January 2009). Bentley announces
seven-week production shutdown while Jaguar chief calls
for Government aid. Daily Mail (London).
[40] Volkswagen AG 2010 Annual Report. Annualreport2010.volkswagenag.com. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
[41] Cooke, Rhiannon (24 October 2010). Bentley protests
continue in Crewe over changes to working hours. Crewe
Chronicle.
[42] Rauwald, Christopher (4 January 2012). Bentley Mulls
Its Own SV. The Wall Street Journal. p. B3.
[43] Volkswagen AG 2012 Annual Report. Annualreport2012.volkswagenag.com. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
[44] Ramsey, Jonathon (2009). First Bentley Zagato GTZ
available at $1.7M. autoblog.com. Retrieved 2 October
2010.
[45] Burt, Matt (25 May 2014). New Bentley Continental
GT3 claims inaugural victory at Silverstone. Autocar.
Haymarket Group. Retrieved 26 May 2014.

Bibliography
Feast, Richard (2003). Kidnap of the Flying Lady:
How Germany Captured Both Rolls-Royce and Bentley. Motorbooks. ISBN 0-7603-1686-4.
Frankel, Andrew (2005). Bentley: The Story. Redwood Publishing. ISBN 0-9517751-9-7.
Parissien, Steven (2013). The Life of the Automobile
- A New History of the Motor Car (Hardback). London: Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-8488-7705-4.

External links
Ocial website
Inside the Bentley factory Jorn Madslien, BBC
News

EXTERNAL LINKS

11

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Bentley Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentley?oldid=651113137 Contributors: Mav, XJaM, SimonP, Hotlorp, Ericd, Renata, Bdesham, Infrogmation, Norm, Liftarn, Arpingstone, Ellywa, Ahoerstemeier, AllardsGap, Arwel Parry, Andrewa, Wnissen, Kierant, Grendelkhan, Morven, RadicalBender, Kizor, Sam Spade, Ianb, Texture, Halibutt, Mervyn, Alan Liefting, Centrx, DocWatson42, Mumriken,
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Images

File:1929_Bentley_front_34_right.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/1929_Bentley_front_34_right.

jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sfoskett
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File:1951_Bentley_MK_VI_HJM_2-door_saloon_8160965887.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/
1951_Bentley_MK_VI_HJM_2-door_saloon_8160965887.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Bentley MK VI Original artist:
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Limousine.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Personal photo Original artist: S. Foskett
File:Bentley_6,5-Litre_Speed_Six_Tourer.jpg
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File:Bentley_Arnage_T_(1998).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Bentley_Arnage_T_%281998%29.
jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Bentley_Berline_8_liter_pic2.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Bentley_Berline_8_liter_pic2.
JPG License: CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: AlfvanBeem
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File:Bentley_Continental_GT_(II)_-_Frontansicht_(1),_30._August_2011,_Dsseldorf_newbg.jpg Source:
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wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Bentley_Continental_GT_%28II%29_-_Frontansicht_%281%29%2C_30._August_2011%2C_
D%C3%BCsseldorf_newbg.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: File:Bentley Continental GT (II) Frontansicht (1), 30. August 2011,
Dsseldorf.jpg Original artist: M 93

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10

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Bentley_Logo_on_White_Car.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/Bentley_Logo_on_White_Car.jpg License: CC0 Contributors:

I took this photo myself at the 2010 Greater Milwaukee Auto Show.
Original artist:
Lord Laitinen
File:Bentley_MK_VI_DE-14-32_pic3.JPG Source:
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DE-14-32_pic3.JPG License: CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: AlfvanBeem
File:Bentley_MK_VI_project_4951122539.jpg Source:
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project_4951122539.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr: Bentley MK VI project Original artist: Anton van Luijk
File:Bentley_Mulsanne_Blue_NEC.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Bentley_Mulsanne_Blue_
NEC.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: my own collection Original artist: Charles01
File:Bentley_S2.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Bentley_S2.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: 2006 Bay State Antique Automobile Club show Original artist: Stephen Foskett (Wikipedia User: sfoskett)
File:Bentley_SI_Continental_Fastback_Coupe_Mulliner.jpg Source:
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Bentley_SI_Continental_Fastback_Coupe_Mulliner.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: I (en:User:Ericd) took this picture myself
with a Moskva 4 folding camera on Ilford Pan F. The picture has been scanned from lm and cropped. Original artist: User Ericd on
en.wikipedia
File:Bentley_T2_reg_1977_6750_cc.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Bentley_T2_reg_1977_6750_
cc.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Charles01
File:Bentley_badge_and_hood_ornament-BW.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Bentley_badge_
and_hood_ornament-BW.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rdsmith4
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