The document provides an overview of world history from 1750-1900, covering major events and developments during this period. Some key points include: the Industrial Revolution beginning in Britain and spreading to other parts of Europe and the world; new political ideologies emerging such as liberalism, nationalism, socialism, and communism; independence movements in the Americas and other regions as Western dominance expanded globally through imperialism and colonization. Overall it was a time of immense technological, economic, political, and social changes around the world.
The document provides an overview of world history from 1750-1900, covering major events and developments during this period. Some key points include: the Industrial Revolution beginning in Britain and spreading to other parts of Europe and the world; new political ideologies emerging such as liberalism, nationalism, socialism, and communism; independence movements in the Americas and other regions as Western dominance expanded globally through imperialism and colonization. Overall it was a time of immense technological, economic, political, and social changes around the world.
The document provides an overview of world history from 1750-1900, covering major events and developments during this period. Some key points include: the Industrial Revolution beginning in Britain and spreading to other parts of Europe and the world; new political ideologies emerging such as liberalism, nationalism, socialism, and communism; independence movements in the Americas and other regions as Western dominance expanded globally through imperialism and colonization. Overall it was a time of immense technological, economic, political, and social changes around the world.
The document provides an overview of world history from 1750-1900, covering major events and developments during this period. Some key points include: the Industrial Revolution beginning in Britain and spreading to other parts of Europe and the world; new political ideologies emerging such as liberalism, nationalism, socialism, and communism; independence movements in the Americas and other regions as Western dominance expanded globally through imperialism and colonization. Overall it was a time of immense technological, economic, political, and social changes around the world.
Technological advances in travel - ships, railroads, etc., increased travel of humans and goods worldwide Huge migration movements to the Americas from Europe and Asia Industrial Revolution set up mother countries who would have factories and they needed raw materials - colonies that only were used for raw materials. Economic advances and development were not carried out in countries controlled by Europe. Let to lack of development that still plagues Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia today. Serf and slave systems ended in most parts of the world Political revolutions and independence movements
Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because of economic and political stability. It then spread to the rest of Europe and the world. Some countries had major government involvement in their industrial revolutions (Russia and Japan) while others relied upon laissez-faire and individual capitalists. Overall the losers of the Industrial Revolution were the poor who gave the most labor but failed to get an equal share of the new found wealth and those in non-western countries who lost their materials and were discouraged from industrializing. When did the Industrial Revolution begin? 1760s Great Britain 1830s France 1830s United States 1870s Japan 1870s Germany 1880s Russia
19th Century Isms
Ism
Definition
Conservatism
Political and social philosophy that promotes
retaining traditional social institutions.
Liberalism
Movement with ideas of equality and liberty,
representative gov't and equality before the law and individual freedoms such as freedom of press, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Nationalism
Idea that each people had its own specific unity,
and strong identification on individuals within their nation. It manifested itself by a common language and history. Nationalism led to desire for an independent political state. Appealed to all people, liberals, socialists, and conservatives.
Positivism
Philosophy of science that believed social and
economic problems could be solved by the application of the scientific method leading to
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continuous progress.
Socialism
Originally a working class movement that criticized
the impact of industrialization on society by late 19th century has come to symbolize opposition to capitalism. An economic system characterized by social ownership of means of production and co-operative management of the economy.
Utopian Socialism
Utopian socialists hoped to create humane
alternative to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively.
Communism
Movement to create a classless social order
structured upon common ownership of the means of production.
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements
As the Industrial Revolution began in England the economic changes were accompanied by demands for political changes that spread to many other areas of the world by the end of the 19th century. Two important forces behind the change were: The influence of the Enlightenment - The Enlightenment invited people to use their reason using the same humanistic approach of Renaissance times. John Locke wrote that a rulers authority is based on the will of the people. He also spoke of a social contract that gave subjects the right to overthrow the ruler if he ruled badly. New wealth of the bourgeoisie - Ongoing commercialization of the economy meant that the middle class grew in size and wealth, but not necessarily in political power. These self-made men questioned the idea that aristocrats alone should hold the highest political offices. Most could read and write, and found Enlightenment philosophy appealing in its questioning of absolute power. They sought political power to match the economic power they had gained. 1776-1783 American Revolution 1789-1799 French Revolution 1791-1804 Haitian Revolution 1810-1821 Mexican War for Independence 1810s-1830s Latin American Wars for Independence
Western Dominance Area
Examples of Western dominance
Examples of cultural and
political reactions
South Asia
End of Mughal Empire beginning of Raj, British imperial
control of India
Indian nationalism Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
Southeast Asia
French colony of Indochina
(Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) US colony of Philippines Dutch colony of Indonesia Portuguese control of Macao, Malacca, Goa
Thailand remains independent
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East Asia
Opium Wars (China and Britain)
Spheres of Influence Japanese imperialism in Korea
Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion
Sub-Saharan Africa
Berlin Conference, 1885,
colonization of Africa by Europeans afterwards Scramble for Africa
Shaka Zulu Ethiopian defeat of Italians Boer Wars
North and East Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia under
French control Libya, Italian control Egypt and Kenya, British control Tanzania and southeastern Africa, German control
Maji Maji Rebellion
Middle East
Crimean War (England and
Russia fighting over Balkan and Arab dominance Suez Canal (Built by French and British)
Tanzimat Reforms in Ottoman
Empire Tobacco Rebellion in Iran Zionism
Japan
1853 Matthew Perry (US) opens
Japan up for trading
Meiji Restoration
Latin America
economic dependency banana republics
Abolition of slavery in Brazil,
1880s Mexican War for Independence Independence movements under Simon Bolivar
