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The Textilers
Syllabus for Textile Engineering and Fibre Scien ce (TF)
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and
series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.
Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and
Greens theorems.
Diferential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant
coefficients; Cauchys and Eulers equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs Laplace, heat and wave
equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson,
normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and
Simpsons rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
TEXTILE ENGINEERING AND FIBRE SCIENCE
Textile Fibres: Classification of textile fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross
and fine structure of natural fibres like cotton, wool and silk. Introduction to important bastfibres;
properties and uses of natural and man-made fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend
identification and blend analysis.
Molecular

architecture,

amorphous

and

crystalline

phases,

glass

transition,

plasticization,

crystallization, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm; Process of viscose and acetate preparation.
Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene;
Melt Spinning processes, characteristic features of PET, polyamide and polypropylene spinning; wet and
dry spinning of viscose and acrylic fibres; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, towto-top conversion and different texturing methods.
Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g., Density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and
electron microscopy, I.R. absorption, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA); structure and
morphology ofman-made fibres, mechanical properties of fibres, moisture sorption in fibres; fibre
structure and property correlation.
Yarn manufacture and yarn structure & properties: Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of
fibrous materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipments; the technology of
carding, carding of cotton and synthetic fibres; Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting principle,
causes of mass irregularity introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in drafting systems; principles
of cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and function, combing efficiency, lap preparation;
recent developments in comber; Roving production, mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist;
Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on yarn and traveler; ring & traveler designs; mechanism of cop
formation, causes of end breakages; working principle of ring doubler and two for one twister, single
and folded yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of core spun yarn, compact spinning,

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principle of non conventional methods of yarn production such as rotor spinning, air jet spinning, wrap
spinning, twist less spinning and friction spinning.
Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume & packing coefficient; twist strength relationship in
spun yarns; fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; cause of fibre migration and its estimation,
irregularity index, properties of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns.
Fabric manufacture and Fabric Structure: Principles of cheese and cone winding processes and machines;
random and precision winding; package faults and their remedies; yarn clearers and tensioners;
different systems of yarn splicing; features of modern cone winding machines; different types of
warping creels; features of modern beam and sectional warping machines; different sizing systems,
sizing of spun and filament yarns, modern sizing machines; principles of pirn winding processes and
machines; primary and secondary motions of loom, effect of their settings and timings on fabric
formation, fabric appearance and weaving performance; dobby and jacquard shedding; mechanics of
weft insertion with shuttle; warp and weft stop motions, warp protection, weft replenishment;
functional principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines, principles of
multiphase and circular looms.
Principles of weft and warp knitting; basic weft and warp knitted structures. Classification, production
and areas of application of nonwoven fabrics.Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives;
crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions. Peirces equations for fabric geometry;
elastica model of plain woven fabrics; thickness, cover and maximum sett of woven fabrics.
Textile Testing: Sampling techniques, sample size and sampling errors. Measurement of fibre length,
fineness, crimp, strength and reflectance; measurement of cotton fibre maturity and trash content; HVI
and AFIS for fibre testing. Measurement of yarn count, twist and hairiness; tensile testing of fibres,
yarns and fabrics; evenness testing of slivers, rovings and yarns; testing equipment for measurement
test methods of fabric properties like thickness, compressibility, air permeability, drape, crease
recovery, tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion resistance. FAST and Kawabata instruments and
systems for objective fabric evaluation.Statistical data analysis of experimental results.Correlation
analysis, significance tests and analysis of variance; frequency distributions and control charts.
Preparatory Processes: Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk.
Mercerization of cotton.Preparatory processes for nylon, polyester and acrylic and polyester/cotton
blends.
Dyeing: Classification of dyes. Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate
dye classes. Dyeing polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends. Batchwise and continuous dyeing
machines. Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used. Dye fibre interaction. Introduction to
thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing.Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing
fastness.Evaluation of fastness properties with the help of grey scale.
Printing: Styles of printing. Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners. Printing auxiliaries.
Printing of cotton with reactive dyes. Printing of wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes.
Printing of polyester with disperse dyes. Methods of dye fixation after printing. Resist and discharge
printing of cotton, silk and polyester. Printing of polyester/cotton blends with disperse/reactive
combination. Transfer printing of polyester. Developments in inkjet printing.

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Finishing: Mechanical finishing of cotton. Stiff. Soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant
and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton.Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of
wool.Antistat finishing of synthetic fibre fabrics. Heat setting of polyester.
Energy Conservation: Minimum application techniques.
Pollution: Environment pollution during chemical processing of textiles. Treatment of textile effluents.