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    Design For Shear: Slabs Without Shear Reinforcement

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    Emad Khan
    The document discusses design for shear reinforcement in slabs and beams. It provides the following key points: 1) Shear reinforcement is rarely needed for slabs but is important for beams to resist diagonal cracking. The nominal shear strength of concrete alone can be calculated using Vc=2√f'c(bw*d) for spans less than 4-6 times the depth. 2) When shear reinforcement is required, stirrups spaced at d/2 or less intercept cracks at a 45° angle. The shear strength is the sum of the concrete strength Vc and strength of dowels Vs. 3) For deep beams with a length/depth ratio over 4, horizontal and vertical shear

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    Design For Shear: Slabs Without Shear Reinforcement

    Uploaded by

    Emad Khan
    63 views12 pages
    The document discusses design for shear reinforcement in slabs and beams. It provides the following key points: 1) Shear reinforcement is rarely needed for slabs but is important for beams to resist diagonal cracking. The nominal shear strength of concrete alone can be calculated using Vc=2√f'c(bw*d) for spans less than 4-6 times the depth. 2) When shear reinforcement is required, stirrups spaced at d/2 or less intercept cracks at a 45° angle. The shear strength is the sum of the concrete strength Vc and strength of dowels Vs. 3) For deep beams with a length/depth ratio over 4, horizontal and vertical shear

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    Shear Design

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    The document discusses design for shear reinforcement in slabs and beams. It provides the following key points: 1) Shear reinforcement is rarely needed for slabs but is important for beams to resist diagonal cracking. The nominal shear strength of concrete alone can be calculated using Vc=2√f'c(bw*d) for spans less than 4-6 times the depth. 2) When shear reinforcement is required, stirrups spaced at d/2 or less intercept cracks at a 45° angle. The shear strength is the sum of the concrete strength Vc and strength of dowels Vs. 3) For deep beams with a length/depth ratio over 4, horizontal and vertical shear

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    63 views12 pages

    Design For Shear: Slabs Without Shear Reinforcement

    Uploaded by

    Emad Khan
    The document discusses design for shear reinforcement in slabs and beams. It provides the following key points: 1) Shear reinforcement is rarely needed for slabs but is important for beams to resist diagonal cracking. The nominal shear strength of concrete alone can be calculated using Vc=2√f'c(bw*d) for spans less than 4-6 times the depth. 2) When shear reinforcement is required, stirrups spaced at d/2 or less intercept cracks at a 45° angle. The shear strength is the sum of the concrete strength Vc and strength of dowels Vs. 3) For deep beams with a length/depth ratio over 4, horizontal and vertical shear

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    Design For Shear

    UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN STOUT


    COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS

    LECTURE VII
    Dr. Jason E. Charalambides
    =

    Slabs Without Shear


    Reinforcement

    Shear reinforcement is a rarity for slabs. Here we use a slab to


    illustrate the capacity of concrete to sustain shear w/out shear
    reinforcement.

    Slabs Without Shear


    Reinforcement
    The chart represents test data from slabs reinforced for flexure only. The abscissa is the
    ratio L/d and the ordinates are values of the ratio between the limit shear Vn and the
    result of (bw*d*f`c). The chart indicates that there is more shear capacity for the
    shorter rather than the longer spans of an element with same thickness and width. If
    spans are more than 4 to 6 times the depth of the slab, nominal shear strength of
    concrete can be given by the following formula:

    Note: ACI318 (11.3.2.1) can yield a value gain of 5%-15% in regions near supports,
    but due to its relative complexity and the limited gain, it is not used frequently

    Design For Shear


    Reinforcement

    When a shear failure mechanism is taken


    along a crack at 45, the number of
    stirrups that will intercept the crack will
    be equivalent to the beam depth d
    divided by the spacing s. Thus the
    strength of stirrups as shear
    reinforcement becomes:

    The capacity safety factor given by ACI


    section 9.3.2.3 is 0.75. (Appendix C2
    gives safety factor 0.85). The total shear
    strength is the sum of the concrete shear
    strength and the dowel strength:

    Design For Shear


    Reinforcement

    Shear reaches maximum at the points of support. If we can assume


    that the support provides compression at the bottom of the beam,
    diagonal cracks will begin as flexural cracks (remember last lecture) at
    distance d or further from the points of support.
    The actual shear force that will cause the diagonal crack will not be
    the shear at the face of the column, but the shear at that distance d.
    Slabs and beams that are supported by elements deep enough
    (columns or deep beams) that can apply a compression force at their
    bottom side, may experience a crack no closer than distance d from
    the extreme fiber of that support.
    For ACI, maximum design shear force is the shear applied at that
    distance d, where a 45 crack may lead toward the top of the beam.
    Stirrups need to be placed at the face of the support through the
    distance d.

    Design For Shear


    Reinforcement

    ACI requires that stirrups are used in all beams that


    experience shear values exceeding 0.5Vnc.

    Beams in which bw exceeds 2.5d and joists (conforming to


    ACI318/8.11 definition of joist) are to be exempted from this
    basic design requirement for shear. In fact a 10% gain can be given
    to the strength of joists over the basic equation:

    Design Stirrups For Shear


    Reinforcement
    In this diagram,
    the abscissa
    represents the
    distance from
    the support
    along the length
    of the beam.
    The slope
    corresponds to
    the applied
    uniform load,
    and
    The ordinate
    represents the
    value of shear.

    Design Stirrups For Shear


    Reinforcement

    ACI318/11.2.4 requires that spacing of stirrups is no longer than d/2.


    If the shear force that will be resisted by stirrups exceeds 2Vnc, or
    Vu>6Vnc, the maximum distance between stirrups is reduced to
    d/4.
    The strength ordinate Vns2 represents the strength of stirrups at
    spacing d/2. That ordinate is added to the value of Vnc to indicate
    the total shear capacity Vn w/ stirrups at their widest spacing.
    Stirrups should be placed at closer intervals from the face of the
    support to the point where maximum-spaced stirrups are adequate.
    Stirrup spacing at any location where Vu is known is given by the
    following formula:

    Design Stirrups For Shear


    Reinforcement

    Lets recall these stresses from the previous session:

    Take a look at points 1 & 2. We can picture the action of the stirrups being in
    tension. At the same time, concrete acts as a compressive element along those
    diagonal lines. ACI318/11.5.6.8 limits the Vsn to 4Vcn, the stress value under
    which concrete diagonal struts fail in C. No additional stirrup reinforcement
    shall increase the shear strength after concrete struts fail.

    Design Stirrups For Shear


    Reinforcement

    The designer should keep in mind the following index values of shear
    strength:

    Stirrups must be used whenever Vu exceeds (f`c)(bw*d)/2


    Maximum spacing of stirrups is d/2 unless Vu exceeds (6f`c)(bw*d), above which
    maximum stirrup spacing is set to d/4
    The section itself must be made larger if Vu exceeds (10f`c)(bw*d)

    According to ACI318/11.5.5.3, where stirrups are required, the quantity


    Av/s must be greater than (.75f`c)*(bw/fy)>50(bw/fy).

    This clause that is intended to assure stirrups shall not yield after a shear
    crack develops as they pin together, and it may reduce the spacing s of
    stirrups to less than d/2 if beams are large or wide.

    Design Stirrups For Shear


    Reinforcement

    Deep and thin beams may not develop their potential Vcn=(2ef`c)
    (bw/fy).
    Beams deeper than four times their length should contain horizontal
    shear reinforcement in addition to vertical bars.
    The design of shear reinforcement requires selection of stirrup size
    and determination of spacing needed to resist shear. Stirrups size is
    related to beam size. If bw*d<450 sq. in, #3 dowels shall suffice.
    Dowels of #4 or #5 should be used for larger cross sectional areas.
    To determine stirrups as shear reinforcement, it is recommended that
    a diagram is constructed. With abscissa as length and ordinates as
    shear strength, horizontal lines at the values of 0.5Vnc, Vnc, Vn,
    and a vertical line at distance d will aid in the process.

    Design Stirrups For Shear


    Reinforcement

    Lets take a look at some simple formulas that are ACI requirements, based on
    what we just talked about:

    In Class Example

    (intro)

    Steel Grade is 60, f`c=4ksi, bw=20in,


    d=19.5", L=26`, Construct a Shear
    strength diagram.

    In Class Example

    cont:

    Deep Beams

    The definition of deep beams refers to beams that have a length/depth ratio
    higher than 4 or they assume a significant concentrated load at a location two
    times the members depth from the support.
    For deep beams shear reinforcement must incorporate horizontal as well as
    vertical re-bars.
    Concrete compressed as a shear strut must be confined laterally by
    reinforcement with a density Avi*(sin)/bsi in each direction such that the
    sum of both densities exceeds the quantity 0.003. The diagonal angle is
    taken w/ respect to the bar (horizontal or vertical).
    The compression strut area Acs has a width b and a depth that may be
    considered to increase at a rate equal to the distance along the strut from
    the center of the nodal point.
    The strength of the concrete struts is 0.85*f`c*Acs.
    Also, CCC nodal points at intersection of 3 struts must possess the same
    compression strength limit of 80% or 0.65f`cAcs. The value =0.75 applies
    for shear.

    Deep Beams
    (ACI Definitions)

    11.8.1. Deep beams are all beams loaded on one face and supported on
    the opposite face and for which 4dPln or for which a significant
    concentration force acts within 2d of a support.
    11.8.2. Deep beams shall be designed using Appendix A. (Strut & Tie Model)
    11.8.3. Vn<(10ef`c)(bw*d)
    11.8.4 Av>0.0025*bw*s with s<d/5 or 12``
    11.8.5 Avh>0.0015*bw*s2 with s2<d/5 or 12``
    11.8.6. If a strut & tie model is not used, but a non linear strain analysis is
    used, reinforcement limits specified in 11.8.4 and 11.8.5 must be satisfied.

    In Class Example:

    In Class Example:

    Corbel Design

    Not covered in class.

    Shear Combined With


    Torsion

    Not covered in class.

    R~
    Reading:

    Required:

    Furlong Chapter 6

    Recommended:

    McCormac & Nelson, Chapter 8 for this weeks lectures.

    ^ppfdkjbkq

    Assignment 6 is due next session (not in a week for this time.)

    Assignments will be received at the beginning of class period.

    Clarification On Textbook

    Q: You state that d/2 is the maximum spacing and it


    becomes d/4 if our Vu is larger than
    6**f`c*(bw*d). Could you please verify this?
    A: The text you quoted is correct. When stress V/
    bw*d exceeds 4fc', spacing must be less than d/2.
    Thus when Vu /(bw*d) exceeds Vc plus 4 Vs it
    exceeds 6fc'.

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