Lan

LAN is a datacomm
system allowing a number of

independent devices to
communicate directly with
each other, within a
moderately sized geographic
area over a physical
communications channel.
• A LAN usually connects

servers, workstations,
printers, and mass storage
devices, enabling users to
share the resources.
• Most local area networks

are built with relatively
inexpensive hardware such
as Ethernet cables, network
adapters, and hubs.
LAN APPLICATIONS: LAN ACCESS PROTOCOLS :
• Personal computer LANs
– low cost 1. Ethernet
– limited data rate
2. Token ring
• Back end networks
3. FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
– Interconnecting large systems
(mainframes and large storage
devices).
• high data rate
• high speed interface
• distributed access
• limited distance
• limited number of devices

LAN TOPOLOGIES:
1. BUS 2. RING
3. STAR 4. TREE
BUS TOPOLOGY
• Used with multipoint

medium
• Allows for
transmission and
reception
•Avoids collisions and

hogging.
• Terminator absorbs
frames at end of
medium.
RING TOPOLOGY
• A closed loop of
repeaters joined by
point to
point links
• Receive data on one

link & retransmit on
another
– links unidirectional
– stations attach to
repeaters
• Media access control

determines when a
station
can insert frame
STAR TOPOLOGY
• Each station connects to

central node
– usually via two point to
point links.
• Either central node can

broadcast
– only one station can
transmit at a time.
• central node can act as

frame switch
TREE TOPOLOGY
• Used with
multipoint medium
• Heard by all
stations
• Full duplex
connection between
station and tap
• Need to regulate
transmission
• Tree is a
generalization of bus
HARDWARE COMPONENTS of a local area network…
A local area network is made of computers linked by a set of software and

hardware elements. The hardware elements used for connecting computers to one
another are:
The network card: This is a card connected to the

computer's motherboard, which interfaces with the
physical medium, meaning the physical lines over
which the information travels
The socket: This is the element used to mechanically

connect the network card with the physical medium.
The physical connection medium: The main physical support media used in
local area networks are:
•Coaxial cable
•Twisted pair
•Fiber optics
LAN’s TRANSMISSION MEDIA…
Twisted pair Coaxial cable
Voice grade unshielded Baseband coaxial cable
twisted pair (UTP) – uses digital signaling
– Cat 3 phone, cheap, low – original Ethernet
data rates Broadband coaxial cable
Shielded twisted pair – as in cable TV systems
– more expensive, higher – analog signals at radio frequencies
data rates. – expensive, hard to install & maintain.
Optical fiber
– security, high capacity, small size, high cost
DEVICES USED FOR CONNECTIVITY…
LAN PROTOCOL ARCHITECHTURE…
LAN PROTOCOLS IN CONTEXT…
MAC FRAME FORMAT…
• MAC layer detects errors and discards frames

Connection of Two LANs
Why High Speed LANs?
How’s the
• Speed and power of PCs has weather in
Seattle, Mar?
risen
– Graphics-intensive
applications & GUIs.
kashaw@cs.stanford.edu
• LANs are essential for Ethernet
client/server computing
• Now have requirements for

– centralized server farms
Network
Ethernet (CSMA/CD)
mar@cs.washington.edu
• Developed by Token-
ring
– Xerox - original Ethernet
– IEEE 802.3
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access

with
MSN Messenger
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Large LAN Organization
Diagram :
SUMMARY
•LAN is a computer network covering a small physical area, like a home, office, or
small group of buildings, such as a school, or an airport.
• LAN usually links computers (or resources such as printers) using a wired
transmission medium (most frequently twisted pairs or coaxial cables).
• Logical topologies  1. Ethernet 2.Token Ring 3. FDDI

(10mbps,100mbps) (16mbps) (100mbps)
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
• Packets routed based on physical address (MAC).
• Ethernet technologies
– CSMA/CD media access
– 10Mbps Ethernet
– 100Mbps Ethernet
– 1Gbps Ethernet
– 10Gbps Ethernet

Lan

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What are some common topologies used in LANs?

What are some common topologies used in LANs?

What are some common transmission mediums used in LANs?

What are some common transmission mediums used in LANs?

LAN is a datacomm

system allowing a number of

• A LAN usually connects

• Most local area networks

• high data rate

• high speed interface

• limited number of devices

• Used with multipoint

•Avoids collisions and

• Receive data on one

• Media access control

• Each station connects to

• Either central node can

• central node can act as

A local area network is made of computers linked by a set of software and

The network card: This is a card connected to the

The socket: This is the element used to mechanically

• MAC layer detects errors and discards frames

• Now have requirements for

• Carrier Sense Multiple Access

• Logical topologies  1. Ethernet 2.Token Ring 3. FDDI

• Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

• Packets routed based on physical address (MAC).

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