dRL`i

LRisV xmsNRPL`i
1930 s xqsLisR=LRiLi[\sg`i\[ .....
""G%sV ds sVVLiTRsLi? GLi RWxqsVNRPVs BLiRF~gRiLRiV?'' N][xmsLigS @yRV \LRiV.
@RsVssVjgS RyRV. \L`i \sxmso RWzqsLRiVsso syRV.
""sV[ssVVLiTRssVds, [aRPNTPs F~gRiLRids@sVNRPVs[ dsNRPV GLi zmsy @LRiLi NSRV! y
sN][LjiNRPV dLRiNRPWRRs ds ZNPLiRVNTPLiRxmsVR?''
""s N][LjiNRP? @LiRLji][W \VV NRPVN][sV, RLRiV xmsLiV LizmssNRPLRiV
NRPVLiR sVsRLi, ds s N][LjiNS?|mssW, xmsoxqsNSW sVVRgRiV LS[gSds dssLi
\kNTP @Tgjis sLis[@LijLiysVN][sLi NRPWy s N][LjiZNP[y?''}sgS @TgSRV. ""%dsV
BxtsQLi!%dsVL]xmsVN][NRPF[ xmsLjizqs Blgi[ N]srygRiVRVLij''@yRV NS}qsxmsRWNRP dsLRixqsLigS.
""ryL`i! ryL`i! RV xqsWLi=s NRPLi[RVRLi NRPxtsQLigS soLij.'' @y][
NSs}qsVNRPLigSLRiVgS s. \L][ryLji N][xmsLigS @Rs ZNP[zqs RWzqsRVZNPRV. ""@LRi\s
ALRiV L][LiVVLij@sLi sVV, BLiZNPyRVNRPVyRLiso?@TgSRV xmsNRPy
BLiN][ FdxqsV.""xms[Li ! @RsV y sVVLiT sVsztsQ @sC RVV xmsNRP FyLiy[
}msLRiV sWryRV.''
""@Rs }msLRiV?''
""xqsWLRiLixmspT $xLjiLSso.''

""@sosV! s[sV %sysV. CRVs gRiVLjiLi JryLjiARVs NRPL`i %ssRLi NRPWy LjigjiLij.
sVsztsQsAsyV xmsysNTP %ds[ NRPVLiy sWLjiFRWRsVN][!@LRi\s ALRiV L][V
sLSLRikORPQ @Li[ sW!FsLiR gRiVLiLi? AR sgRixLi?''
""tsQ! EL][ \L]xqsVyRV.''
\ L`isVLiTxmsRW [xmsN]yRV. RVsVLi%syLRiV syyV sVVsVLRiLigS
%sszmsxqsVyLiVV.
""$xLjiLSsogSLjiN][LjiNRPV yRVR\sVs%s.''
""ARVs N][LjiNRPV sLis[ dLS.''
""ARVsZNP[\sVy Ljigji[ \VRVN]RLi RVLi!''
""Ag]Ry, @LRiVxmsoW @LiRNRPLiRNRPV FsNRPVssrygSLiVV.''
""G%sV ds D[aRPLi? %syLRiVs BLiNSlLiRg]Ryy?''\L`i
AgRixLi][EgjiFRW@TgSRV.
""s[ssLki lLiRg][RV. xmsaRPNTP\RssVLiVV[ @lgi[ soLiVLij.'' dsLRixqsLigSxmsNTPy
xmsVNRPV[ AR%saSxqsLi ]NTPxqsTLij.
""s[sV y%dsVR hkiyLji [LiVVrysV.''
""@LiRNRPLi[ sVs[Li RVgRiso sVLji!''@ssWsLi][ ssNTP LjigSRV \LRiV.
""sLiT! hkiyLki RVLiT''AzmsLiyRV.
FdxqsVV NRPR[RVLiRgS, ""AgRiLiT''@s%sszmsLiLij. FsRVLRiVgS s RLRiV
][sd,NRPLiRy[ zqsLixLiLi sVsztsQ ssVZNP[VVxqsVryLisVWLjigSLRiW, xms
{qsyLSsVRVgSLRiWsT soyLRiV. \LRiV N]jgS LiNSRV.

""C$xLjiLSso \[ soLiT NRPWy xmsd,%syLRiVd lLiRg]RVyRV. C

DjNRPRs@y[ yNRPLRiLi NSsRLi[RV.''
""@LiRVZNP[ s[VsVV NRPgRi[xqsVN][y=Lij''xmsNSaRPLi xmsLiRVV Rs xqsx gRiLidLRi
xqsLRiLi][FyLRiV.
\L`i G][ @s[LiVV[LRiV LjiyRV NSds @Rs [LRiV |msgRi[RV.RV \V RVxmsoV
][xqsVNRPVLiW %syLRiVV[sN][xqsVyLRiV.
""CxqssVRVLi[ $xLjiLSso sLSLRikORPQ sWsRLiFsLi\y @sxqsLRiLi'' FyLRiV
xmsNSaRPLixmsLiRVV.sVVLiTgS RsZNP[%dsV xmssV NRPWLRiVs%sVRVTZNP[zqs NUPgRiLi RWaSLRiV. @RsW
@xmsV[R xmsLiRVVgSLji ZNP[zqs RWaSRV. BRLjiRWxmsoW NRPVxqsVNRPVyLiVV. sVRVN][V
NRPVLji}qsNRP][ INRP |qsNRPsVFyV RWzqs, RVNRPVs RxmsVNRPVyLRiV xmsNSaRPLi xmsLiRVV.
A LSy}qsxmso \V yVg][R sVy, A sVgRiVLjiNUPy][xmsyyV LjigSLiVV.
RV sLi @LiRNRPLiRNRPW|msLRigRiRLi, syyV FsNRPVssRLi gRisVsxqsWs[soyLRiV.
yLjiLij $xLjiLSsoNTP RLRiV sNRPLRiW,|mssW, xmsoxqsNSW @LiRRVyLiVV.
Rs@LRi\s[VRV L][ sLSLRikORPQNTP xqszqs zms,LRiVsso xmsLiRVVgSLji [%dsVRVgS
yLiVVLRixqsLi@LiRVNRPVyRV.
\ L`is xmso RWxqsW syRV. @%s@LiRVNRPVLiW @RsV s LRiVsso
syRV.@xmsNRPRsV BLRi\s[V NRPVLRiyRV.
""ELjiZNP[ @RsN][xqsLi GRVxqsW NRPWLRiVLi[ Fs? NSxqs@sLi sV'' {qsRsVgSLji RFyLi
NRPWRVLjiRWzqs N]VNRPVF][Lij.
""yRV Dsy[ sV NSRsWsVsNTP! [RVLS N]RVNRPs dsg]LiRV
N][rysV'' LSsVWQQLji RLiT xXRRVLiR][ xmsNTPs xmsVNRPV%s. LRisVsWR[RV.
GRVxmso sWs[RV. sVVRsVVVN][[RV!

AsVNRP[ A RXaRPLi sVjLij!

""LRisW RWRV! C @sLi[ xqss xqsss[VNRPVV NRPzmsLiyy\L`i. C xqsLigRi ds
AxmsV ssV sLSLRikORPQ sWssVs g]Rs[xqsVyLRiV.''
""sLSLRikORPQ N]srygjiy ARVs RNRPLRiV.INRPs[ sWs s[zqsy A \L`i @Rs
.....''BLiNS\|mss @[LiR[NRP, ""gRisLiRVy!sVs[jNRPV'' @sVNRPVLij sNTP sNTP
GRVxqsWsWNS%dsVR R|msVNRPVs.,
LSsVWQQLki,{qsRsVV RgS sVVx sVVVRWxqsVNRPVyLRiV.
LSsVWQQLjigSLji N]RVNRPV $xLjiLSso,sVVgRiVLRisRsVVW, BRLSRzmsW,
yLji[sVRyRV. sVLigRi}mssVLiT LSsVRLiyxmsoLRiLis ""s[sV
RRVsoNRPVLisVsWsRW!'' @sTgjisxmsVRV ARVs NSxqsA[LiyLRiV.
""yZNPgRiW N]RVNRPVV [LRiV! BRs Rj%sLiNRPWRVLji [xqsVNRPVLi[ LiVVLi
xmsVsVLiRVNRPy!'' @s A[Rs LSsRs[V RLRiVyLiVV"'xqslLi[[LS!'' @s[aSLRiV.
VgRiW, gRiRLi, xqsLixqsQXRLi Rs[ xqsRVLigSxmsoRW xqsWV \|mnssyNS
LSsVRLiyxmsoLRiLi[Rj%sLiyLRiV. ARVsNTP yWNS A{mnsxqsV[ gRiVsWryD][gRiLi BRLRiV
NRPVsW\lLiV LRisV, xqsRs 1927[ |msR NRPVsWLRiVRV $xLjiLSsosLRisVNRPW, s
NRPVsWLRiVRV ZaP[xtsQgjiLjisxqsRsNUP LiVV %syV LjizmsLiyLRiV.
|msyNTP $xLjiLSsoNTP xmsj}s[LRisVNTP xmsRN]Li[. xmsNUP[
ElLi[gRiVRVs|msNRPVsW\lLid, |msN]RVNRPVd RWzqssEL][yLiRLRiW ""INRPRV BLiRVRW,
sVL][RVRLiRVRWsW LSsVWQQLji @V'' @yLRiV.
$xLjiLSso %sRVsgRiLRiLi sVLS NRP[.G.RRsysNTP sRV. @xmsV[,
@RsV@NRPR xqsLigkiRLi s[LRiVNRPVLiVs xmnsVLirysLiNRP[aRPLRiLSss[ NRPVLST gSRLi gRiVLjiLi

Rss[VssWsVNTP DRLS[ LS}qsyRV. A RLRiVyR@RsV sVgSRVNRPV\s xqsLigRi

@LiRLjiNUP%sjRs[V!
$xLjiLSso .G.xmsLkiORPQ xmsRsVZaP[[DdLRiV\ Ljigji sxqsVLiRgS, @Rs %sys J|msR
sVVVxmsozms, @Rs %sxtsQRVsslLi[bPLis xqsLixmnsVs LjigjiLij.
""gSLikgSLRiV xqsRV sLSNRPLRi[RsWsNTPzmsVxmsosyLRiV.''
$xLjiLSso LiVVLiNS LiVVLiNTP [LRi[RV. ADRsWsNTP yRVNRPRLi szxqsW, yLji][
NRPzqs@ rygjiFRWRV. ELRiWLS, yRyR Rs ygS][xmsxqsLigjiLi a][R
sVLiRsVVgRiV [zqs,yLji[ [aRPNTP gRiXRLi [xqsW @ NRPNRPysLRiNRPW rygjiFRWRV.
NRPNRPy[ INRP "zqsLkiqs Amns NRPL`i=' BsRLiss ..zms @Li[ "LRidRV kLRixmsLiT'
@s[ LRiVRV F~LiyRV.
BLigkixtsvyLji sW, yLRiV sT}ms l\ LisWsLSNRPLjiLi[ DRsWsNTP ryLRiRLi
szLiyRV.
@%s aSLRiyGN`P LSs L][V |ms {qss[ LRikgSsoLi[j \lLi[ ""ZNPV
N]sxmsRWNRPVLiRLjiNUP {qsV ]LRiNS NSNRPLiFyLRiVsVLiV |msLiy'' @s
TsWLiRV[aSRRsV.
xmsVRLi |msR%ss |msLij yLi][ @RsV\lLiV g]VxqsVV gji \lLi}ms|qsRVrygSRV.
\lLigRigSs[ @NRPRFy FnyLRisV%dsVR Rs ""{qs`''FyLRiLiLi[ yRV @Rs xmsxqsLigRiLi
%sLiVsxmsV RsVs ysVV sVLRi, @LRiLigRiVLi NRPWyNRPR[NRPF[VyLRiLi[ @aRPWNTP
NS[sW!@RsNTP RLRi[s[ \lLiV g]VxqsV $xLjiLSsos}msL][zqsLij @LiRVNRPVgSsV, @lLixqsV
[zqs Lji\V[ lLiLiRV xqsLisR=LS NRPhjis NSLSgSLRibPORPQ%sjLiyLRiV.
bPOSQNSLixmspLRiLiVV BLiNTP syRV. s[VssWsV[dsRVsW, dysW {qsNRPLjiLiyRV
N]yVjgS LiVVLi xmsVs[ soyRV. NSds xmsolLiNTPxmss Vj @LiR[s[FRVgS!

LjigjisVRV s DRsVLi gRiVLjiLi DxmsyryxqsWspLRiWLS LRigRirygSRV. sVd @lLixqsV

[zqs \sg`i\[ |msLRiV. @xmsZNP[ @Rs LRi gRiLRis.@NRPR GyjsLRi bPORPQxmsTLij.
\ L`is N]s N][LjiNRPV N][Lji @RsV sLSNRPLjiLiRRLi][sLSLRikORPQ FyLRiLiLi @LRi\s GRV
L][RLRiyR %sLRi%sVLiyRV.
C [gS@RsN][xqsLi NRPXLigji NRPXbPLis LRisVNTPgRiLRiryssVLiVVLij.
1931\VsVLiT ss zmssVNRPWy @Rs[|msRsWlLi[%dsV [RV. sVLjiLiR
sVVsVLRiLigSxmsxqsLigjixqsW, \lLiQzmss[xqsW Ljigji @lLixqsLiVV, CryLjiLSsVLiT \VNTP
dxqsVZNPyRV. @NRP][xqsLisR=LRiLi bPORPQ xmsTLij. @Rs][ C %sR\sVs\syzNRP %sRLi
AsVNTP @yLiVVFLiVVLij.
1933,
""%dsV ARVxqsVyRV'' LSsVWQQLjigSLji NRPLihRiLi[N][xmsLi, RLiT sWNTP LRisV
[sTLij. AsV[ RVMLi, N][xmsLi, y, AsLiRLi@ds %sVR\sV, GsLi sVVLiRV
RVxmsy[RVs xmsLjizqs!
@RsV[xmsN]yRV FsLi][ sWsVWVgS.
AsVNSNTP dsLij. RjLi RWaSRV. dsLRixqsLigSsos sVVxLi, FyFLiVVs
NTP AsVaSLkiLRiNRP zqss RV[xqsVLi[, NRP[y, N][xmsLi, DN][xtsQLi AsV sWszqsNRP
zqss[Li [xqsVyLiVV. sVVRryLjigRiLRisRLiVVsxmsVRV xqsLi][xtsQLigS A
%sxtsQRVLiRVRVysNTP AsVNTP LRi @LiRVV[[RV. sV sLiTNRPRVxmsos J NSRV
NS}qs RWzqs@sLijysVs[ RLRiVLi[ ....... dLRisAaSLigRiLi. A xqssVRVLi[ NRPNRP ssVNRP
RsV[LRi[sLiR RWLRiLi[ @RsV!

""LRisV! A\|mss GLi sWy[RVsV ssLigS soLiT FRWRV. AsVVLi

%dsVR [Vzqs, RgRiLRigSdxqsVNRPVyRV AsWRLi ryLiRs yV, AsV xXRRVLi[sRVMLi
gRiV gji xmsszLiyysNTP! Fs[L][ RLSR NRPWRVLji sVVxLiNRPNRPRRLi RWzqs y
xqsLi][ztsQLiyLRiVLSsVWQQLji, {qsRsVgSLRiV.
""Fds[! G D][gSWRVNRPFLiVVy BLi xmsVsVLi[ @Li[ yV@yLSRVs
LRi][.
sVLSRV[y RgRiLRi @VT][ sVVsVVRryLjigSsWRVRW ""Cry\lLiy
NRPVRVLRiVgS soLiRV zmsy jgRiVV xmsTFLiVVLij. RWRV! Fs @LiVVFLiVVLi][''@yLRiV
LSsVWQQLjigSLRiV.
""@sosV! CryLji syNS Rss y][FsNRPTZNPy dxqsVNRPVFysVs[
@sVNRPVLiVysV''@yRV $xLji @sLi NRPVxmsoNRPVLiW.
""CryLji syNRPy? FsNRPT ZNPyso?'' ARVsAaRPLRiLigS @TgSLRiV. {qsRsVgSLRiV
NRPWysTxqsVsR Agji @VT\sxmso @sVsWsLigSRWzqsLij. ""LS sysV,.
@NRPTRVW` |mszqsLi NRPVLRiV[ryRVryRsVLiVVsLiR RLRigS s[rysV''@yRRsV
y sWsVWVgS.
""FsxmsVyso?'' {qsRsV @TgjiLij.
""lLi[}ms!''
LSsVWQQLjigSLRiV LiVV NRPRVNRPVs [FRVLiRgS, gRij[NTP [[ N]LigRiV
NRPVNRPVNRPVsss NRPVsW\lLi NRPszmsLiLij. ARVs LRiLigSsWLSLRiV. sVLS[ $xLjiLSso
LSsFRWRV.

LS[INRP zqs.H.T. Bs |qsNRPL`i, NSLilgiqs |mszqsLigSRsV @soRW, xms

RgRiLRiVLiT NSLilgiqsxqssWyLRisVLiy }qsNRPLjiLi gRisLRisVLiVNTP[LRis[xqsVsVgS
@sVsWssVVs RVW`dg`i y $xLjiLSsoNTP xqssWyLRiLi @LijLiyLRiV.
$xLjiLSsoNTP ss[ LRiLigRiLi[NTP jgSRV.|msRFsRVs xmsxqsLigSV FyLRiLiLiyRV.
y[""FssL][ INRPLRiV sW[ sosV sxqsWs[BNRPT xqssWyLRisVLiy
xmsVysNTPRV[xqsVyLRiV. @Rs }msLRiVyNRPV VxqsVRV|ms[ xmsV EL][LRiV!
@LiWxmsyLRiLiLiyLRiV. N]y @RsV RVxmsTRs NSLRiNRPFyV szmss[ryRV.
C[gS$xLjiLSsoNTP dgS soLiRNRPVLiy, Fsqs.Fsqs. @RVL`i@s[ }qszRVT][ NRPzqs
""%sms'' (whip) @s[ xmsNRP FyLRiLiLiyLRiV.[aRPLi[LRiVgRiVRVs @LSRNSd,
@yRWdxmssVVLigS xmsRVLjiLiRrygSLRiV.
NSLilgiqs|mszqsLigS RsV @soRVs zqs.H.T.Bs|qsNRPL`i gRiVLjiLi NRPWy @LiRV[
RV|msRLiLjigjiLij. yLi][ @RsV FssLjiNUP NRPszmsLiRNRPVLiyFyLjiFsRLi LjigjiLij.
""%sms'' xmsNRP sRxmsysNTP xmsVR@sVsV [Rs NSLRis, $xLjiLSsos @lLiqs[zqs,
sWLiR[ \VNTP xmsLizmsLiyLRiV. Gyj bPORPQxmsTLij.
1934[,LSsVLiT syRV. xmssLRis[ |msRgSsWlLi[Li[RV. ""\lLiV
g]VxqsVV$xLjiLSsogS'' }msLRiV RVNRPVyRV. xmssVVVsLRiy \lLi[ xmsRWLi
[}qsxmsVRV.BRss BLij [NRPVLiy sVVLiRVgS @lLiqs[zqs \[ soLi[yLRiV. yLRiV
LjigjisFRWNS %sRR RVRLi AsyLiVVdgSLRiVgRiVRVLi[j.
@R[ g]xms sNRP!@Rs Dxmsyry N][xqsLi xmsV ALRi sRV,sWsVNRPVs sVLki
NRPWLRiVs[yLRiV. %syLRiVV @Rs"gRiVLRiVsogSLRiV' @LiW xqsLi[jxqsW y
g_LRisLiRWzmsLi[yLRiV. yLRiW, %dsLRiW Bs RLiy FyLkixmnsLi` }msLji B[ryLRis.
N]LiRLRiV }qszRVVRVLiNRPLiRVW sVVRVgRiV sxqsV LRiW}ms BLiNTPryV xmsLi}msyLRiV.
@RRsNTP xqsVyLRisVW BxtsQLisoLi[j NSRV.

1934 [s[INRP ARzms xmsoLij. RVLS ry%s @s }msLRiV|msLRiV. A zmss RWxqsVNRPVs

LRisV NSZOP[QxmsLi[rLij. LRisV BLiR[ FdxqsV @lLiqs[zqs dxqsVZNPFsRLi
sRNRPXRsVLiVVFLiVVLijFsy ? xmsoLi[! RdsRV yLiRLRiWLiVVgS LRi,
zms][ NSxmsoLSV[xqsVNRPVLiVLi[! @s sVRsxms[j AsV@LiRLRiLigRiLi.
J L][xhSRVgS s ""LRisV! s[VsVLiRLRiLiNSLilgixqsV sVxqsNTP N][
syLi.sVso sryy?''@s @TgSRV $xLji.
CsWRLi @sNSaRPLi yV! LRi sLi soLiRysNTP@sVNRPVLij. sLis[ ""xqslLi[!'' @s
xqsLizqsRRsQQNRPLi [zqsLij.
""NSdss[VsVLiRLRiLi N][ yNS FyRRWR [xqsVyLi,y sVdVLiLiVV. Fsy
xmsRVLi][ @xqsVRVRV. Fyxmss NRPWy sVs][[ dxqsVZNPLi.
""@lgi[''
BRLiy%sLiVs zqsRsVgSLjiNTP I sVLiTFLiVVLij.""y[ DRLjiLiLij! sVso
EVNRPVsElLi[gRiVRVsj NSNRPVLiy yds, Gyj zmss NRPWyds][V @RsoFyV
[ryy? sW zms sWNRPVLRiVs[Li NSRV. NRPsLiRVNRPV sWNRPV RxmsRV.sVs. @NRPTNUP
LSRV''@s RLigS}mszqsLij.
""@sW!'' @LiW RRLRiV][ LRi \sxmsoRWzqsLij LRisV.
""ds BxtsQLi! sVd FsxmsV]ry[ xms[sVsVso sLi soLi[ ssNTP
LSysyxqsVLiVLij. [NRPF[ xms[sV'' @yLRiVssVjgS @LiVVy RXRLigS.
""[RV [RV RxmsNRPVLiy srysV'' @LijNRPLigSLRiVgS. "" FsxmsVRV RV[LS?''
""ssLiL`i sVWRVs RV[LRiVRVyLi.sVs][ NRPVxmsoNRPVs ]sVLiRVgRiVLRiLi.
@LiRLRiWsoLRiVxtsv[. sVso INRPs[ {qsQ%s.@LiRLRiLi [RVgS'' @yLRiV.

AsVR @RLigS zmsLij @LiRLRiLi[RsV. A LS LSsVWQQLjigSLRiV yxysoT

[FyLRiV. $xLji LSsosRsVy LRiV. ""@Rso[ xmsT,RLizms s[xqsVNRPVs ds][ V
NSLjilgi[ @jLRigS? Fss sV xmsRVLi][ NRPWy RVy?@xqsV sLi soLi[
sWRVyy?@LiRsVLij sVgRiy sVR B]NRP ARzmsFs
soLiRgRiRsVNRPVyso? s[VsVTssRLji[Lji zms s |ms [zqssLiRVNRPVssV s[
GTzmsxqsVysoLS!''
""ysgSLRiW! ARVs[%dsV @sNRPLiT.yNTPxtsQ\sV[s[ LRisVyLRiV yNTPxtsQLi NS[sysV''
@Lij.
R FsLiR GTy,RLiT sVLiRLiy AsV%ssRVRVN][[RV.BxmsVRV NRPsVNRPRsNRPF[,
LRi Ljigji sryRsssVNRPLi AsVNTP [RV. @LiRVZNP[ @Rs sLi sRsysNTP zqsRsVLiVVLij.
""{qsy[%s @Li[ dsNTPxtsQLi NRPRsW! @LiRVZNP[ AR @RVgRiV
R[s[sRVysVsVNRPVLiVysV'' @Lij ssoRW.{qsRsVgSLRiV NRPRVNRPVLij G%dsV
RV[NRP.N][ @sj FsNRPR soLi][ LRisVNTP RVRV.FsLiRNSLi xmsRWLiy[?
sWLRiLi FssoLiVLi][?Fss BLiRVV xmsy[ NS@sVxqsLjiLiy @s[ sVVLiT \LRiLi
RxmsG%dsVRVs @sLi sVVLiRV sVVLiRV FssBLiRVV xmsRsVs][ A xqssVRVLi[
AsVNTPRVRV.
N][ sVdV :
1935ssLiL`i 3s yLji XLiRLi yRsVLiTNSsRNRPs RV[LjiLij. $xLjiLSso
yRVNRPRLi szLi, RsXLiysNTP As xmnsQp ` @s }msLRiV |msRV. AXLiRLi[
%sVgRiy xqsV:
1) FNRPxqsRyLSRV c ARVs zLiRVryds }qsyRLiyRVNRPVV.
2) . N][sV c%syLji
3) sLiNRPLRiRLi c%syLji
4) gRiLixqsVxLi c %syLji

5) ylgi[aRPLRiLSso c%syLji
6) LS c %syLji
7) RsZNPxqsRyLSRV gRiVFy c =ztsQNRPV\s yFyLRixqsVRV.
%dsLRiVNSNRP$xLjiLSso, LS,zms. C[gS J xqsLixmnsVsLjigjiLij. $xLjiLSso
Dxmsyxqs%sVxqsVLiRgS, INRP %syLjis d ARVs [NTPyRVc ARVs%szms
RjyLRiV ""ssV sLis[sNRPVxqsVN][szqsLijc LS[LiRxmsry`'' @ssoLij.
yeeLS[LiR Fyry` ALiy N]xqsVyLRis $xLjiLSso %sssoyRV. NSs Rss
NRPysVN][sRLi yAaRPLRiLigS @szmsLiLij. AL][[ NRPryLRiV. ARVsLi][ARLRiLigS
BLigkixmnsV[ sWyLRiV. $xLjiLSsoALigRiuy xmsLjiysNTP
AaRPLRiFRWLRiV.xmsxqsLigRisaSRW, RsV "N][RWR' gRiVLjiLiARVs][ xmsRLi LjigjiLij.
@LiRVNSRVs FsLi][xqsLi][ztsQLi, ""y LRiVgRiVxmsRWLi[%dsVL]xqsVsVgS xms NSLilgiqs
A{mnsxqsV[sWRVLRiVrysV.
%dsVNRPVsxqsNUP [yRV %sxtsQRVLi[sW BLij[NRPVLiy RWrysV.'' @s %dsV
ByLRiV. @Li[NSNRP@s yLS xmsNRP[sW "" $xLjiLSso XLiRLi"N][ FyRRWR' @s
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INRPLjiLiNTP sRV. @NRPR yL]NRP R\sVs xtsQLRiRV |msLRiV. %dsV LiVVLi[ sos aSLRiR @s[
jNRPV [s zmss ""NRPRVLRiLi'' [ sos A zmsyT s[VssWsVNTP LiVV [}qs, %dsVzmss
NSds NRPLi[NRPVLiy [xqsVNRPVLisVs. Azms yT s[Vs sWsVNTP 60 G sWRs[V!

@Liy %ss LRisVsV [LSsoLiLij. ""xmsj}[ zmsNTP @LRi\s GyTs

[ryssysNTP A sVVxqssNTP [lLi sLij?'' @s AaRPLRiFLiVVLij. ""@Liy yLRi!
sW @R sVVxLRiLi NRPWy |msLiLiR. y NTPLiNRP @LiLSRVVT s[ aRPLRiLi'' @s
aSLRiR sVd GTLij. ""y[! sWsRV LSds G][ INRP [yLi! @ssxqsLRiLigS C [gS G
@xmnsWLiVVRLi RVNRP'' @s xmsV LRiNSVgRi \LRiLi zms A zmss LiVVLiNTP xmsLizmsLi[zqsLij
LRisVsV. aSLRiRV sgSs[, BRLiy %sLiVs xmsssVsztsQ, ""NRPXxtsQsVWLji VNTP
aSLRiRsVLi[ ssWs }mssV, |ms [xqsVNRPVLiss @Tgji[ NRPRVsWT xmsLizmsLi[zqsLij
sVVxqs'' @LiW sVNRPV %sLjiLij. ""NRPXxtsQsVWlLisLRiW?'' @Lij LRisVsV. ""NRPXxtsQsVWLji
V C xmsNTPLi[ soLi[yRsW! VgSLji R RVaRPsVgSLRiV NRPWR y sVLij.
A%sRNTP NRPWy aSLRiRs NRPXxtsQsVWLji VNTP [xqsVN][sRLi LiVVxtsQs[V! NSds C sVVxqs A
xqsLigRi zqs y LRixqs [}qszqsLij. BLiR[ A VNTP j @sRLi][ yLRiV EL]j
|ms s FRWLRiV.''
""G ElLiLRiV?''
""ER%s, y RgRilLi[ '' @Lij. A sVyxLi $xLjiLSso [ysN]sxmsVRV ,
LRisVsV aSLRiR NRPRLiy xmsVN]Lij. @LiRV[ sVVLigS aSLRiRs [xqsVNRPVs[ D[aRPLi
NRPXxtsQsVWLji NRPVsV gRigS zmsLij. ""A zms @sLiRxmsds [zqs, FyV
dxqsVNRPVLiVLi[sWss RVLigS DLiRLiU!'' @s NRPWy @s[zqsLij. ARVs ssLigS @ds
%syLRiV. NS}qsxmso A[LiyLRiV. RLRiVyR [ sT ""C LSZNP[ s[sV ER%s ssV''
@s FyLRiV.
""BNRPR NRPXxtsQsVWlLisLRiW?'' @LiW yNTP[Li @RVgRiVRVs @gRiLiRNRPVT RWzqs,
AaRPLRiLigS ""s[s['' @LiW RVN]yy RVVsNRPVRV. @RsV RVN], ss
sQQNTPs RWzqs ""%dsVLS!'' @s @LiRNRPLi[ %sxqsRVLiLiyRV. ""s[ssL][ Vry!''
$xLjiLSsogSLjis RVs ysLRiLiU C RVVxmsNRP? s[sV %syLjigS DsxmsVRV
INRPryLji %sV DxmsyxqsLi NRPWy %ssRLi RzqsLiLij. %dsV @LiRyLRiV sW LiVVLiNTP LSsRLi,
yNRPV y AaRPLRiLigS soLij. RRV[zqs [xmsNTP LRiLiT'' @s AsLi, [xms ZNPRV.

$xLjiLSsogSLRiV NRPVLki[ NRPWL][gSs[, ""ssVryLRiLi'' @LiW @Rs R RV N]Lij.

@xmsZNP[ NRPXxtsQsVWLji CRVs gRiVLjiLi zmssVyRV. AsV NRPWy %sxqsRVLigS RWrLij.
$xLjiLSsogSLRiV LRiVsso][ ""%dsV @LiVVNTP sW @sWLiVV s %syxLi RWs[
D[aRPLi][ sysV'' @yLRiV. BRLRiW [LiVV INRPLji sVVNRPLRiV RWxqsVNRPVyLRiV. ""sW
@sWRVLi[ xqsLiR @sWLiVV NSRV NSds @Li[. }msLRiV aSLRiR %dsVNRPV DLRisN]LiR[
xmsLjiRRV\sVs zms['' @yLRiV @Liy [Li [xqsW. NRPXxtsQsVWLji INRPryLjigS EzmsLji
{msVNRPVyRV.
""GLi %dsVNTPxtsQs[Vy?'' @s @Rs xqsWgS @TgSLRiV. @RsV RVaRPsVgSLji\sxmso Ljigji
""%dsVNRPW?'' @sV RWaSLRiV. ""yNRPV BxtsQs[V VgSLRiW! NSds A s[Vs R sVgRiRW A
BLi%dsVR NSNTP
C LiVVLi%dsVR yssRV, BNRP zms sxqsVLiy?''@Liy%sR sLRiVy=xLigS. ""@LiRy y
N]j |msLiT! C |ms LjizmsLi[ xmspd yj'' @yLRiV xqsx gRiLidLRixqsLRiLi][. sVLSRV
ryRVLiRLi BLisVVLiRV AgRigSs[, ""NRPryLS? GsVyLRiW?'' @s @RVgRiVysVs
xmsLRiVgRiV xmsLRiVgRiVs RVN]s LRisVsVNTP, [Li LRi][V jgRiVRVs INRP
|msy%sy, RVVsNRPVRW NRPszmsLiyLRiV. ""G%sV sTFRWso? BRsV |msN]RVNRPW
A%sR BRs RdsW. yLji[ |ms! [RV GLSV RW xmsR!'' @yLRiV. LRi
xysoT xqsLigRi zqss[ NSsRLi [R As[V%dsV LigSLRiV xmsRNRPVLiy ss yLjis
AFyRVLigS AsLi [xmsNTP dxqsVZNPLij. A LS[ |msNTP NSy=s GLS gRiVLjiLi
sWRVNRPVyLRiV. sVLSRV F~RV[ Lji s |ms LjizmsLiRWs
sLRiLiVVLiRVNRPVyLRiV. A LSNTP LS[ %sVRV\s J N][cAxmslLi[s A{mnsxqsL`i RgRiLRiZNP
lLiLi]LiRV LRiVLi dxqsVN]yRV $xLjiLSso. y][ sVLigRixqsWRLi, dLS,yxmsp N]s,
%sVgRiy |msNTP sVVQ\sVs rysWsV NRPWy N]yLRiV.
yLRiVRW soLiRgS, aSLRiR Fy RVysNTP, dxmsoLRiW, ZNPV][ RV
N]Lij. xqssVRVLi N][xqsLi s[ sos LRisVsV, "" aSLRiR '' @s LRixxqsLigS zmsLij.
""F~R[ FsLiRVNRP!'' @sVNRPVLiW A }msR [][[ s ""GLi y?'' @Lij.

""sVVLiy [RVV NRPRVNRPVs, [xmssLRiVyL][ RWRV!'' @Lij LRisVsV, AsV @lgi[

[zqsLij. [xmsN], NRPVLki[ NRPWLRiVs }msxmsL`i RRVsoNRPVLiVs NRPXxtsQsVW Ljis RWzqs
[LiVVLij. ""%dsV sWsRV dsN][xqsLi s |msN]RVNRPV! syy?'' @sTgjiLij
LRisVsV.
AsV zqsgRiVsVVgRigS sWLji sLiLi[NTP xmsLRiVgRiV dzqsLij. @NRPR RVaRPsV NRPszmsLiLij.
""@y!'' @LiW A%sT N_gRiLiRVNRPVs sNTPsNTP GTLij aSLRiR. ""EL][! BLiZNP[RsNRPV.
sVVLiRV sVVxLi NRPRVNRPVs, NSxqs NS{mns ygRiV'' @s JyLjiLiy%sR. @Liy @sVNRPVsVgSs[
, @LiRV[ aSLRiR sNTPLiRVNRPVs, @LiRLRiW NRPzqs xmsjgRiLiNRP Lji
[LRiVNRPVyLRiV. ELji sVVR[s[ INRP ALis[RVry%sV [yRVLi soLij. A xmsNRPs[ INRP
sVgRizms xqs NRPWy soLij.
@NRPR jgji, xmspLjigSLji, RgRiLRiZNP ""s[VsVV y @sxqsLRiLigS, AxqsLi NSNRPVLiy C
zmsNUP zmsTNUP |ms LjizmsxmsLiRW'' @s FyLRiV. |msNTP RNRP RNS GLSV
LjigjiFRWLiVV. C[gS $xLjiLSso xmsNRPs[ sos sVgRizms xqs ZNP ""s[V%sVNRP][
|ms LjizmsxqsVysVV. %dsVLRiLiRLRiW ryORPVVgS LSszqsLij'' @s AsLiyLRiV.
NRPVLRiNSLRiLiy xmsLRisWsLiRLigS s[ryLRiV. sVVRryLjigS $xLjiLSsp, LRisVsW
{ms%dsVR NRPWLRiVs NRPs yLRiFzqs, aSLRiR %syxLi NRPXxtsQsVWLji][ LjizmsLi[ryLRiV.
INRP NRPVLRiyRV FyW, RZNPLS NRPzmss @sLi INRP s gjis[ , |msNRPWRWLjiNUP,
|msN]RVNUP [LRiV dzms [LiVVLiyRV. A RLSR xqs[ A xmsp sLiTs @sLi,
ryLiLRiW, |msLRiVgRiW @ds RLRiLiRVNRPV s |ms [yV xmspLji [ryLRiV. @LiRLRiW sVLi
xuyLRiVgS soyLRiV. aSLRiR NRPWy y xqsLi][xtsQLigS, gRiVxqsgRiVxqsgS NRPXxtsQsVWLji xmsaRPNTP
yV rLij. xmsxqsVxmso ][ A Li y RWRsVVRgS soLij.
BLiR[ s AgjiLij. @LiRV[Li |msR g]LiRV][ RW, RVsV FxqsW,
aSLRiR s[Vsy, y jgSLRiV. aSLRiR N][xqsLi yLRiV ELRiLiy sNTP, GRVxqsW
RFLiVVsRsVNRPVs%s RgRiLRi

ZNPLiRgS, xmsNTPLi NRPVsWLRiry%sV, ""%dsV aSLRiRs A DRLSjy [ FsNTPLiRVNRPVs

dxqsVNRPVFRWLRiV'' @s FyR. y yT xmsVNRPVs, @[ [ Lji
syLRiV. yLji sLi ss |msRsVsVxtsvV. ""GLi xmssRW Bj! B zms sRVN] |ms
[ryy? B[ ds zmsNTP Fss\lLiy [}qs ELRiVLiy?'' @sTgSLRiV $xLjiLSsos.
ARVs ysNTP FsLi][ sLRiLigS, ""y zmsNUPgRi xmss[ xmsRV. FsLiRVNRPLi[ ys s[sV
RVN][xqsLi @LRi\s GsVVxqsTNTP NRP sVN][sV NS. lLiLi][ %sxtsQRVLi, A zmss
s[sRVNRPVs LS[RV. LiR zms RsLiR ysV BxtsQxms[ sLij'' @s FyLRiV.
y aSLRiRs zms, xmsaRPV s[zqs, @xqsV xqsLigRiRLiy LS, ""GLi
|msRsVsztsQsRW, zqsgRiV[RW, ds NRPWRVLjiNTP sVLi xqsLiLiRLi ]LjiNTPLiRs, @[ sRVxqsV zms
g]LiRVN][zqs sVVxqsTNTP [ryy?'' @s gRiT|ms, sRWsLRiV%dsVR @OTPQLiR[zqs AbdPLRijLi,
$xLjiLSsoNTP ORPQsWLRiV xmsVNRPVs s FRWLRiV.
BLiNS @NRPxqsV dLRis s[Vsy, yLSRVyLki, s s Fdqs}qsxtsQs[ LjiFLRiV
LSzqs sVLki sLRiV. $xLjiLSsogSLRiW, y RV[LRiVysVsVNRPVLiVLiRgS, FdxqsV
F~ AgjiLij. @LiRV[Li Bs|qsNRPL`i jgji, ""%dsVlLi[y $xLjiLSso gSLRiV? FssL][ xmszqszms
sRVN] |ms[ryLRiV. y y LjiFLRiV ByLRiV'' @sTgSRV.
""@sosV! s[s[ $xLjiLSsos. LRiLiT, s[ sRVN]s xmszqszmss RWzmsrysV'' @s aSLRiRs
ZNP[ZNP[zqs zmsyLRiV. Bs|qsNRPL`i xmsxqsVxmso ][ IRW F~RVgS sos zmsds, zmsU RWzqs
AaRPLRiFRWRV. ""A @sWLiVV s[VlLi[, A @sWLiVV BxtsQxmsNSLRiLigSs[ C |ms
LjizmsLiysV'' @s FyLRiV.
ARVs NRPWR xqsLigRiRLiy VxqsVNRPVs, G%dsV, @sVN][sRs zms sFRWRV.
LRisVsV sVW][ryLji gRiLRis. @LiRRWLRiLi LS[ss, sVL][ryLji srysds xmsRLi][
y s FRWLRiV.
RLRiVyR N]yQNTP NRPXxtsQsVWLji V d |ms DgRiVLiRLi xmspLRiQxmss

$xLjiLSsogSlLi[ NRPVjLji[ryLRiV. @Rs @NRPgSLji zms[ uyxmsoNSLRiV sNUP, NRPXxtsQNRPVsWLki }msLji

RsR {qssV[ xms gSLiyLRiV.
1939[ sVWRsryLji NRPWy ARzms xqsRs xmsoLij. RVLigRisLRisVLi lLi[xtsQs
uyxmso[ Rxms FsNRPy @sVNRPWRRds, xmsVZNP NRPWRRds. Bj $xLjiLSso dsLigS
slLi[NTPLiyRV. Rs slLi[NTPxqsW, gRiV|msRV, gRiV|msRV, RVLi ALRiNUP, @NUP
@sWLRiV. A NSLRiLigS @lLixqsLiVV sVd LSsVLiT \V[ soyLRiV sVWRV sV.
LSsVWQQLjigSLRiV gRisLRisVLiV xqslLiLiV. ARVsNTP sVVRVLid @VT xmssLRis
NRPLiNRPFyRVLigSs[ soLij. NSds zmssRVNRPVsLiRVNRPV RxmsRLi [RV. ""FsxmsV][ ds LRi
N]Lixms sVVLi[ryRsW! C @sLi NRPWR xmsoNRPVLiy [ryRV'' @LiVLi[yLRiV. JyRV
ryRVLiRLi NRPsVdNRP xmsRVRVLiRgS, $xLjiLSsp, N]LRiFy sLiNRPLSsVRW J V
xmsVNRPVs jgSLRiV. LRixxqsLigS ""LRisV!'' @s zms, ""J yxms s[VR%dsVR yV'' @s
FyLRiV.
LRisV RWxqsVLiRgSs[, A V dxqsVZNP, sVLiRLi NTPLiR yyLRiV. A Vdzqs @LiRV[
GsVVLi][ RWys[ N][LjiNRP AsV A LSNTP @ NRPxtsQLi%dsVR AxmsoNRPVLij. sVLSRV F~RV[
y s FRWNS, BLiNRPsVsryxmsoN][[NRP, sVLiRLi NTPLiRsVLiT V dzqs RWzqsLij.
@LiRV[ y, LRiLixmsLi, NRPRVW, NRPLRiW NRPsxmsyLiVV. N]LRiFy sLiNRPsVRV
dsyjgS sVVRxmsTsyRV. AsV A %sxtsQRVLi RWyRVgS %sLiWs[ soLij. AsV
gRiVLijLSLiVV C sxqsVsods RWryNRP. RLiT DRgSsZNP[ Bj sVVxmsV [ soLiRs
VxqsVNRPVLij. sLis[ A[Li J sLRiRWsN]Lij. A V FssLjiNUP NRPsxmsRNRPVLiy
dxqsVZNP gRiTs[VV |ms[ xqssV[ NTPLiR J gRiVLi dzqs NRP|ms[zqsLij.
ryRVLiysNTP $xLjiLSso xysoTgS s, sVLiRLi NTPLiR sNTP, V
NRPszmsLiRNRPFsRLi][, ""LRisV!'' @s gSLSgS zmsyRV. ""G%sVLiU!'' @Lij AsV
sWsVWVgS soLiRysNTP xmsRVxqsW. ""BNRPR |mss V[j?''

""@[%sV @ @RVgRiVyLRiV? %dsVlLi[gS INRP [xqsVNRPVyRVs xmsLizmsLiyLRiV

VN][xqsLi. ARVs NTP RNS xmsLizmsLiysV'' @LiysV ]NRPVLiy. ARVs J s%sVxtsQLi
AsV\sxmso lLiFyLRiNRPVLiy RWryLRiV. A RLSR sWLiVV sVRVLRiV NSsVNRPVs sVLiRLi%dsVR
A LSsLRiNRPW @lgi[ xmsRVNRPVsVLiTFRWLRiV. Rs xmssVV RsV ssLigS RWxqsVN][rygjiLij.
sVLSRV sVyxLi LSsVWQQLjigS [sLi [xqsVLiRgS, RVxmso NRP NRP RxmsVRLiVVLij
RVxmso Lji[xqsLjiNTP FsRVLRiVgS Bs|qsNRPL`i. ARVs RLiT }qszRVRs VxqsV. NSds B
xhSRVgS RVWsFnyLRisV[ FsLiRVN]yy? @s @sVsWsLi sLij. ""LRiLiT, NRPWL][LiT.
ysgSLjis zmsVrysV'' @s [xmsN][zqsLij. LSsVWQQLji gSLRiV [N]. %sVRVT
sWsVWVgS NRPVaRPxmsaRP [ryLRiV.
ARVs FsLi][ xqsLiaRPLiVVxqsW ""GsVsVN][NRPVLS! ds @VT%dsVR G][ @sVsWsLi sLij.
@LiRVNRPs BV ry RVsVs \|mssLi LjiFLRiVsLij'' @yLRiV sWV NRPWR
VNRPVLiW. LSsVWLji gSLji sVVxLi sWssVLiVVLij. ARVs xmsLRiVsoNTP FyLi |ms[
sVsztsQ! ""FssLji D][gRi RLRiLi yLjij. NSds!'' @yLRiV.
FdxqsVV LiVVLiy ry[zqs, ""G%dsV ]LRiNRP[RV ryL`i!'' @yLRiV. y
sFRWNS ""s[sV @RsWT sVLixmss[ [rysV.'' @sVNRPVLij gRiVLi sLiy EzmsLji
{msVNRPVLiW LRisV. C xqsLixmnsVs RLRiVyR sWsVNUP, @VTNUP sVR G][ N]LiLigS sos
LiRLi NRPWy xmsoVNRPVs gjisLiVVLij.
""sV%sLiNRP y BLi[ soLiRysNTP %ds[RsV'' RWyLiVVgS FyLRiV. $xLjiLSsoNUP
L][xtsQsVVLij. ""y LS, zms dxqsVNRPVs s[lLiFysyRV.'' ""FsNSTZNPso?
B? yNRP? @sW?'' @s N][xmsLigS @LjiyLRiV LSsVWQQLji. ""s[sNRPRVLi[ @NRP[
soLiRVysV ys'' @s @LiRNRPLi[ gRigS FyRRsV. A LS[ LRids, zmsd
dxqsVNRPVs sWsgSLjiLi sVLiT RV xmsyRV. Rd RLiU @Rs sLi sRs LRisVNTP
zms RWryLRiV. NSds AsV NRPWy ARVsNTP Rgjis B[ yLjisW%ss[RV. ""NRPVNRP
][NRPVNRPVs g][yLji CRVysLi[Lij. Fdsys LRiNTP!'' @yLRiV sLjigS RVMLi

AxmsoN][[NRP LSsVWQQLjigSLRiV.
$xLjiLSsp, @Rs }qszRVRV ....... NRPzqs LSsVRLiyxmsoLRiLi[ ELji sLji INRP yNRPV
FyNRP s[LiVVLiyLRiV. @j jNRPV[s xmsaRPVso\ZNP slLi[bPLiRTs g][LRiORPQ aS. @LiRV[
LRisVsW. $xLjiLSsp NSNRP, ARVs RsVVRV gSLSso NRPWR @sgSLji sRs[ soLiVLi[
yRV. sVLidsNTP y BLijgS soLi[j. L][ NSsRNRP y RWLRiLi s ds
RVN][y=[j. JyRV %sxqsVgS ""sWsgSLji %dsVR @gji, B ds NRPWR ]LRiNRPs
][ NSxmsoLRiLi|msLRiV. @LiRLiR RWLS @LiRLki ds sVV|tsQy=rLij!'' @Lij
LRisVsV. ""%s RssVLiy xmsV!'' @yRV $xLjiLSso sLis[. ""@LiRVNRPV NRPWy
xqssVLRiV[ %dsVLRiV'' @Lij Fs[y [xqsW AsV.
ARVs sLis[ ""gS! xmsVgRiW FyLS xms! %dsV sjs %s RssVLi[Lij'' @s ZNP[NRP
|msRV. ""@lgi[ @sRV!''@LiW ORPQ VT xmsVgRiW FyLSxmsVNRPVs syRV
gSLSso. ""BNRPT ][RLi! sWsLRixqsZNP[][ @ysV'' @LiW LRisVsV TLij.
NSds ARVs FssLRiW Axms[LRiV! G\y @sVNRPVLi[ RORPQLi A xmss LRiVgRiszqsLi[! ARVs
RsoRVLi[, RsVVRV sV FxqsVyRV. NS}qsxmsRWNS @RsV RsoRVLi[ ARVs
FsRrygSRV. BLiNRP RxmsRs AsV NRPWy dLRi \|msZNPgRiQ xmss[NTP LRiTLij. BLRiVgRiW FLRiVgRiW
%sRLigS RWRrygSLRiV. sVLSRV F~RV yNS RsoRWs[ soyLRiV. AsV @xqs
LjiLiR[NRP LS%dsVR NRPWLRiVLij NS}qsxms[s[.
""sjy! gRiLigRisV R NRPLRiVLiLij.'' @yRV gSLSso xqsLi][xtsQLigS. AsV gRiVNRPVs
[ sLij. Rs lLiLiRV [RV][ ds sp xms AsV [[ FxqsW "" BLiNRP dsNTP
BLij xmsRsNRPLRi[RV sVso'' @yLRiV $xLjiLSso. @LiR sVVLiT sVsztsQ! @xmsVRV
NRPVsVLjis zms ILRiV |msLiyLRiV. A %s yLjiZNP[ NSNRP FsLiRLjiN][ DxmsWgRixmsTLij.
AsV NRPWy sVVLiTRsLi[ LRiZNP[%dsV dzqsFs BV. G %sVRVT][\s[ F~RVgS yNRPV
FyNRP sLjiLiy][, ARs][ $xLjiLSsoNTP @FyRVLi[RLi LSs[ sLij. JyRV

""@sWV!'' @LiW syyRVs. ""G%sV V!'' @Lij LRisV. ARVs Rs RLiTNTP

Fy}qszRVRV NRPWysW. ""s[ds FyNRP sLRiWLiRRVRVNRPVyssW! sVsosLis[ ds
RLiT BLiNTP sFsRLi sVLij'' @yLSRVs. ""@[%sV? sWyLjiNTP FyLS?''
""A ....... sVVLiTyRV. A FyNRP%dsVR dsZNPLiR xNRPVLi][, yNRPW @Li[ xNRPVLij. Fs
dryso? @LiVyRV'' ARVs NRP[ N][xmsLi. LRisVsV ssLigS sTLij. ""s[sV
sVsztsQs xmsLizmsxmsryssV %dsV BLiNTP RV[LRiV.'' ""s[sNRPTNUP ssV. ARV[yNS
BNRP[ soLisV.'' A sVVLiTRysNTP @RVs I sVLiTFLiVVLij. ""yT NRP xqsgRiLi
dsNRPWy FsNTPLi[! s[sV sVsVxtsv sWysV. y FyNRP d}qsryLRiV. @LRiV RLSR ds
BxtsQLi!'' ""xmnsLRiy[RV!'' ARVs sVsVxtsv |ms RssVNRPVsQ[ A FyNRPW d}qsLiVVLi
sFRWRV. \|mss NRPxmsV[RV. NTPLiR yxms%dsVR LRisVsV zms |msVNRPVs xmsRVNRPVLij.
ELRigSRV UV INRP |ms%dsVR |msVNRPVLij |msRgS DLRiVsVVW, sVLRiVxmsoW
sVVRRWLiVV.
xmsNRPs[ d @s[ yNRP @sWLiVW, LS DLi[yLRiV. d s xmsLjizqsRVW RWzqs, ""@NS!
sW BLiNTP FyLi LS'' @Lij.
AsV R @RLigS spzmsLij. y L][xtsQLigS, FsLiRVN][ LRi %dsVR N][xmsLigS @szmsLiLij.
FsLiRNUP BLiNTP LSs LRi N][xqsLi FsRVLRiV RWxqsW NRPWLRiVLij. A RLixmsRVV AsVs BLi[NTP
LRisVs sW, sW sLjiNTP, zms sWRLi dxqsVNRPVs sFRWLRiV.
ssVjgS sL<RiLi FyLRiLisVLiVVLij.AsV RTzqsFrygjiLij. d LRi sVRRsVLiRLi y
sRV. AsV ys%dsVR xmsRVNRPVs ANSaRPLi ZNP[zqs RWRrygjiLij. sL<RiLi @LiRNRPLiRNRPW
|msRRLiVVLij. ""NRPVNRP ][NRPVNRPVs g][ysLkiRysNTP s[Lij'' @s RLiT sWV so[
xmsRsxqsVyLiVV. GLi sVsztsQ!FsVF[ @[y? LS zms gRiVLjiLi A[Rs[ [y! A
sL<RiLi ds][V, AsV NRPds NRPWy NRPzqs, NTP %dsVR sVLi LjiFrygSLiVV. d,
LRi %dsLji BLi[s[ sT, AsVds, ds[ [FRVs ELRigSRV Ud, sxqs=RVLigS
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%sVRVRLRiW NRPVxqsVNRPVs xmsLRisWsLiR LjiRVRWLRiV. FyFyLiVV (@Li[ ALji zms) xmsNSaRPLi
xmsLiRVVgSLRiV }ms NRPRW, NRPVLRiW %sLiW FsNRPVsgS ARVs RgRilLi[ soLi[j. BLiR[,

NRPLRiWQ[ xLjisV gRiVT|qsD d [zqsxqsVyLRids, AxmsysNTP sLis[ LSs=LiRds INRP

%sVRVT RgRiLRi sVLiT $xLjiLSsoNTP DRLRisVVLij. @j @LiRgSs[, zmss xmsNSaRPLi
xmsLiRVVgSLjiNTP @xmszms xx RV[Lji NRPLRiWV s FRWLRiV.
LRi xqsLigRi yyNRPLigS sVLjiFRWLRiV. LRisVsVgSLjiNTP sVWRVL][FyV
sLRiVxqsgS LRi LSNRPF[ @sVsWsLi sLij. NSds FssLji G%sV @RgS[ @LRiLi NS[RV.
y ZNPsLjiNUP VgRiVLSRV. s[NTP @sLi |ms[yLRiV. B[yLRiV . @ s xmsj}sV
L][VLij. JyRV yNRPL`i gSL] RWzqs. "AxmslLi[xtsQs VsWL][' @s LSzqs sFRWLRiV.
yLi][ AsV NRPuyV FyLRiLisVRWLiVV. ""[RV! AxmslLi[xtsQsRWNS @sLi ssVyLRiV.
s[ AyLRiLi [RV ssV B sj |ms G \[ NRPWLRiVyL][! zmss gRisLRisVLiV
xxqsV[ FssLji RgRiLRiVLiyL][, RVRVNRPVLi[ gRiVLi%szqsFRVyLiVV'' @LiW sVd
GTLij.
@RsV @ds RsV RWxqsVNRPVLisds, sbPLiRgS soLiRsVds JyLji, sVVLiRV NTPLiRZNP
NSlLi[%dsVR @LjiNRPV RV|msVNRPVs dxqsVN], AsVNTP sLiRLigS [sLi |msRV.
sVLSRV F~RV[ FyFyLiVVs dxqsVNRPVs AxqsN]yRV. zmss RWzqs ELRiTLi. .
xqsVxLi @LRisLi[ sWT, AsV |ms FsNRPRVLi][ VxqsVNRPVs dxqsVN]yRV.
@xmsVysV [ dLRi NRPVNRPVLij. AsV xqsVLi BLiZNP sVW][yRV, $xLjiLSso
NRPLRiWVsVLiT s, ""AxmslLi[xtsQsLiVVLiy?'' @s LRis xmsbPLiyLRiV.
AsV sLjixmsLigS RWzqsLij. xqsVLi N][xmssWxmsoN][[NRP FRWRV. ""GLi sVsztsQ%s
xmsLiRVW! FsVF[ @[y? AsV gRi GsRVLi][ss A[LiRsNRPLRi[y? NRPdsxqsLi
zms%dsV\y [y?'' @sRV}msryRV. ""LSsVysVLi xqsy [rysV. @R[ NSFyyRV.
RWaSy? ssV @NRPTNTP Fs xmsLizmsLi y NRPVVLisNTP xqsRVsVLijLiy][!''@yLRiV.
sVVLiTyRV @LiRLjiNRPLi sLiRVRV.
@RsNTP FsslLi[Li xmsgRiLRiV?

C s NTPLi[ @s xqsLji |msVNRPVLij LRisVsV.

1947 [s ryRLiRQ xqsLiLSV, ARVs FsLi][NSLi @sV%sLiR[RV. ryLRixmsLRiV,
NRPV LSNUPRW\sxmso sVVgRiV RWxmsoRVs LSNUPRV yRVNRPV\|ms %sLRiVRVNRPVxmsRrygSLRiV.
Gzms 8s 1950s xqsLisR=LRiLi[ |msRNRPWRVLRiV ry%s %syxLi ZaP[xtsQgjiLji][ LjizmsLiyRV.
1950 |qs|qsLiL`i 13s sVxW NS[ ssryxmsNRPVV zmsVRgS \|yRV
NRPVVLiLi][ xqs s A LS RVss[ jgSLRiV. RLRiVyR %sVRVV dsVaRPLiNRPLRiLi
gSLjiLi[, NSgRiWR[ NSxmsoLRiLi |msLRiV. @NRP[ AN][L`i 13s lLiLi][ NRPVsW\lLi $[%s
%syxLi sLRizqsLiLSso][ LjizmsLiyLRiV \|yRV[ yNRPL`i s[V[[][, yNRPL`i
RVxqsWLRi (xqsL][ds yRVVRV NRPVsWLRiVT][) y }qsxLi GLRiTLij.
RVxqsWLRi Fny%sVd yNRPL`igS ssxLjixqsVLi[yRV. yNRPL`i s[V[[][ NRPzqs
""xqs|msqs=` gRisLRisVLi NRPLi|m^sLi='' @s[ A{mnsxqsV |msLRiV. @LiRV[ gRisLRisVLiV [R
@gRi ]NRPTs NRPLi|m^sLi= LRigRi][TLi, yjLi, yRVLi [NRPWLRiRs[V RsV xmssgS
|msVNRPVyLRiV.
gRisLRisVLiV ARVs "NRPsVWsxqsV'gS @WgjixqsW @lLixqsV [zqsLij. RLiRgRiWy
\V[ |msLRiV y.s[V[[, $xLjiLSsos %sRVR [LiVVLiy=LiRLiW, sxgSLjiNTP J
[ yLS RV LSLRiV . sxgSLRiV, "" $xLjiLSso yNRPV LRiNSLisVLiU VxqsV!
@RsV NRPsVWsxqsV NSRV. sVLi [aRPNRPVRV. NSxmsos sLis[ %sRVR RVs=Lij''
@LiW ALRiLRiV xmsLiFyLRiV. LjidLiVVs sLis[, ALiy[ G][ ZNP[xqsV A[LiRs[Rs ALiyNTP
dxqsVZNPLRiV.
1956, Gzms 16s xqsRs |msNTP sVVxLRiLi |msVNRPVyLRiV. @aSLSso }ms
%dsVLiyLRiV, |msNTP xqsLjixmsy xqsLRiVNRPV xmsLixmsoRW soLiRgS sg]LiR[ G][ FyRZNP[xqsV
R%s, @lLixqsV [ryLRiV. Lki \QsL`i [NTP J d LSzqs, rysWsV BLi[ @LiRRVsVs
zms @lLixqsLiVV sFRWLRiV.
|msyLRiV RLRi syLRiV. |msNRPWRVLji RLiT R[RV. LRisVsV NSVgSs zms

LRiVgRiVRW LRi N][xqsLi FsRVLRiV RWy rygjiLij. LRi LS[RV! NSds @Rs @lLixqsV yLRi
@LijLij. AsV NTPjsWsVW[! NSds, AsV Rd, d spL][[RV! ""sVgRi |msyLjiNTP
G%sVFyso? s %sTzmsLi dxqsVN][ysVV'' @yLRiV. LRi ZaP[xtsQgjiLji sLis[ LRi
sVR[s RLiRLRiLi dzqs BxqsW ""sjy RV[LRiV AaRPLi RVNRPV ''@yRV.
""gRisLRiLRiV gSLRiV ARVsNTP Fy}qszRVV. G xmso[ G FysVVLi][ s, INRPryLji
xmsRVQrysV'' @LiW Rs dxqsVNRPVs, WLRiV LSsVNRPXuyLSsogSLji RgRiLjiNTP sLij
LRisVsV.
WLRiV LSsVNRPXuyLSsogSLRiV FsLi][ ARLRiLigS AsVs AsLi, rysVWgS xmsLjizqss
@LRiLi [xqsVNRPVysV. sLjigS B @yLRiV, ""RWRsW! ds LRis rysWs
sWssoTNRPVLiy=s \LRiryxryV NSso. RxmsVV [xqsVs xms gRisLRisVLiV A{mnsxqsLki
sTL][RV%dsVR s NS[RWLiRV. LiNRPV, g]LiNRPW [RV. gRisLRisVLiV Fs %sRVR
[xqsVLij? INRPs[ s[sV %sRVR [LiVVLiy sVd G][ %sRLigS \VNTP dxqsVNRPVsyLRiV.
NRPWRVLji |mssgSs[ sVd ALiy[ G][ ZNP[xqsVLiRs dxqsVZNPFRWLRiV. $xLjiLSso
@ %sRLi[ ygRiLi \[sW, RNRPs gRiLi Rs y][sW gRiRVxmsoRW
syLRiV.
1958s xqsLisR=LRiLi[ .......
@%s AsNSRV |msVNRPVs[ L][V. ""LRisV! s[sV @lLiLiVgS xmsLRiRs[ s sLiNRPLRiRLi
@s[ }qszRVT NRPy! gRiVTyysV'' @yLRiV.
""gSs[ soLij! J xmsNRP NSLS%ds N]Li ELRigSRVNTP zqsRLi[xqsVLi,
NSRVVdxqsVNRPVLSNRPVLiy C @LSLiRLRixmso xmsRWs[V%sVLiU?''@LiysV. ""sVs\sxmsosVLiT
sVLi NSRV rysVgS! RWxqsW soLiRV!''@s zms, lLiLi][ NRPWRVLji N]RVNRPW, sVW][
NRPWRLji N]RVNRPW \yxms %dsVR xmsRVNRPVyLRiV. Gyj zmsV, yLjis sVVyT
sFRWLRiV. |msR NRPWRVLjiNTP INRP N]RVNRPVxmso Gyj |msLjigji RsFRWRV. yRV

"Rx[RVRs' yT%dsVR @%sNSs sVsVNSLRiLi |msLiRVNRPVs sVsztsQ NSry, yRV FsRLi[

y NRPXLigjiFRWLRiV. @xmssVLiU zms RgRiLRiNUP dRWy, sVVRV RWy
RVxmsTF[VyLRiV! y L][NTP zms sVVyT sFRWLRiV.
s[V 25th, 1958.
xqsV FyFnyLRisV %dsVR NSV sWFyLRiV. gRiVLi[ NSxqs zmsgS @szmsLiLij. |msRgS
xmsLiRVN][[RV. @Rs][ NRPzqs @xms yNS xmsRWLi [zqss }qszRVRV {qsRLiLS
LSsWLSsogSLRiV gRiVTyR[ jgjiFRWLRiV. INRP sVW Lid%dsVR sRVLi yLRiV.
FssL][ {qsQ xmsLixmso[Li ds xmsVNRPVs s[Li[ zmsyLRiV. ""@sW yxLi!''
@sTgSRV. @[ ARVs Rs N][xqsLi BRLRiVs @Tgjis xqsRVLi. ARVs FsxmsVRW
}msyRV ""W {qsN`P G }mnssL`i C W LRiL`i Gs[ ss= {mnsRsV!'' @s. sVsztsQ sVLiT
sVsztsQ AbPLi[ xms xmssNUP xmsoyj LRiL`i zqsxqssV. AsV ds FxqsVLiRgSs[, xmsNRPNTP
yFRWLRiV. ARVs "xLixqs' FsgjiLjiFLiVVLij xmsLRi[NSsNTP Rs gRiVLjiLi RsNRPV
A[LiRVNRPVs[ @sxqsLRisVV, ssj ARVsNRPV FssRW NRPgRi[RV. sVRVRsV, ""{
x jLiN`P= Amns xqsxmnsLjiLig`i xsWs, %s` y jLiN`P Amns zsV |qs.'' ARVs
@FyRVLi xmsNSLRiLi, LiyV GLRiLRiVRVNRPVLi[ RRV sLRis[LRiRLi NRPxtsQLi!
AFyRVysWyV, AaRPRW ZNPxmsVRW @]xqsWs[ soLiLiVV. @LiRVZNP[ ys
RWLRiLigS DLiyLRiV. xqsLiR NRPVVLiLi[ FsxmsVRW @j Fy[ szLiyLRiV. AaRPRWsNTP
Rxms FssLjiNUP NRPVT soLiR[RV! INRPLji [NTPLiR D][gRiLi [zqs RNRP[RV. INRPLRiV RLRiLigS
Bs xmsR%ss [xms[RV. @LiVVy, ARVs yRVNRPV[! Rs%dsVR RsV ssVNRPLi
Fg]VN][s y[ s\sVs yRVNRPVRV! @LisV ORPQLiyNS ARVsNTP Rs%dsVR RsNTP
@FyLRi\sVs ssVNRPLi! {sR @s[ sW NRPLRiLixmsp, ""@j sVsxqsVNTP xqsLiLijLisj NSds
aRPLkiLSsNTP NSRV. {s\sVs aRPLkiLRiLi[ \sVs gRiVLi ygji DLiRsRV'' @s[yLRiV.
ARVs Rs xqsLiRyNTP |msRgS xmssNTPLS[RV! xmsxmsLiysNTP NRPWy @LiRgS ssV
[LRiV. xmsLRisV sL]x sW!""Fsyms\|qss= AL`i {qsN`P FnyLiN`Pd'' @s[ xmsLiy[

sTFsLiRLjiN][ aRPRVsp, N]LiRLjiNUP %sVRVRW @RWLRiV. ""sVWLRiVT F~gRiRRLi, sVLiyT

RLi NRPy xmssWRLi'' NRPy! @LiVVy, xmsxmsLiRLi ss[zqssxmsVRV gRisLiRVRV
ARLjiryRsj sVRVs xqsWNTP!
$xLjiLSso gSLji sVLRiLi yLRi, RVVxmsNRP sLis[ gRiVxmsVsVLij. NSLilgixqsV FyVds
xmsLRiVgRiV|msLiVV, DRRVs[V sWsVLiT gRiVTyR dxqsVZNP NSLilgiry{mnsxqsV[ |msLRiV.
sLis[ "|msqs' NTPyLki yLRis. lLi[TW[ NRPWy xmsNRPLiyLRiV. }qsxtsQs[ sVsVxtsv
|msLRiV. yLji NRPVVLis jLixmsoNRPVs dxqsVNRPV LSsysNTP! NSds, yLji NRPVVLiLi lLi[TW
%ss[RV! yLSxmsNRPV RRs[RV. ARVs N][xqsLi FsRVLRiV RWxqsWs[ soyLRiV. C[gS Td
sVLiT yLjiNTP sLiVVLRiWFyRVW, NSbdPLRiV Ljigji LSsysNTP }mss ZNPW xmsLiFyLRiV
@sLiRaRPRVsLi @RVLigSLRiV.
""@sW! %ssWsLi[ FsRVgS FsgRiVLRiVLi[ RVLigS soLiRRW!'' @TgjiLij LRisVsVs
ALji NRPWRVLRiV. ""ARVsZNP[Li RVLi! @LiRNRPLi[ FsRVNTP NRPWy @sdgS sgRiLRiV.!'' @s
@y[RLigS AsV yLij LRi sVVLiTRsLi RVNRPVLiW DN][xtsQLigS ssNTP
ARVs AR @xmsZNP[ @LiRsLiR xqsVRWLRidLSNTP FsgjiLjiFLiVVLiRs yLjiNTPLiNS @xmsNTP yLRi
[LRi[RV. AsV zqsRLigS soLij. ARVs sW%sVTNSRV }qs AsNSRV |msysNTP. gRiVTyR
NSLilgiry{mnsxqsV[ ARVs aRPys. RVVxmsNRP ELRisLi] sVLki xmsV
RLi][xmsRLiyVgS RLji+LiyLRiV. LS 12c00 gRiLisLRiNRPW RWzqs, FssLRiW LSNRPFsRLi][
sVLSRVRRVs[V RxysZNP[LSV [ryLRiV. 1911 [ ssLi ....... 1958 [ sVLRiLi.
sVR[ 47 G %sRLi! aRPsRWR[ ARVs }msLRiV zqss xms y FyyLRiV.
NRPVNRPVs LS zmsW Rxms! xmnsVsLigS ElLi[ gjiLi RLiRsxmso NRP%dsVR RxsLi [}qsaSLRiV.
xqsVxqsLRi xqsWLRixmsNSaRPLSss[ %sVRVTNTP gSLi xmsLiFyLRiV "" $xLjiLSso NSLi [aSRs''
ARVs jgSQLi Lij, C %sxtsQRVLi yLji NRPVVLisNTP ysNTP, %sysgRiL`i sVLiT
ss sLRiV.
ALji NRPWRVLRiV RLizmsT I[ |msVNRPVs NRPWLRiVs soLij. ""@sVgSlLiNRPRsW!''
@sTgSLRiV.

"" $LSsVss%sV xmsLij[ soLij . NRPWL][LiU, zmsVRVN]rysV''@s AsV sLij.

""zqsLjiNTPLi xmsRV $xLki ....... '' @LiW xLjiyxqsVgSLRiV LSgRiRVVNRPLigS gSsLi [xqsVyLRiV.
LRisVsV DxqsW=LRis sWLjiLij. ""A xLjilgi[ C $xLjiNRPWy @Li[. FsNRPTZNPsk,
FsxmsV][j FsxmsVRV Fyds, Bjg][ sry @Li AlLiW @jg][sry @Li[
GyjsW!'' @sVNRPVLij.
""@sW! xqsWLRixmsNSaRPLigSL]yLRiV. FsLiRVN][ ssV sLis[ dxqsVNRPVLRisVyLRiV'' @s
zmsLij NRPWRVLRiV xysoTgS s. AsV sVsxqsV NUPRV aRPLiNTPLiLij. sTsTgS
@RVgRiV[xqsW LiVVV [LjiLij. ARVs FsRVL]. ""|mnsWLRiLi LjigjiFLiVVLiRsW, sVs $xLji
sVsNTPLiNRP [RV!'' @yLRiV.
AsV sWsTFLiVVLij. ARVs }msj G%sV[ @LRiLi NSsV RWxqsWLiTFLiVVLij. ""
$xLjiLSsos @lLixqsV [aSLRisV, xmnsy \[|msLRiV'' @LiW NRPVLRiV LSsRLi @y[
NSds, B .......
BxmsZNP[ lLiLi][ NRPWRVLRiW, ALji NRPWRVLRiW |mnsVVsVs FRWLRiV. Rs y[xqsVNRPVs
NRPVjzms,NRPVjzms GRsrygSLRiV. AsV[ RsLi[RV. uyuyLi sTLij. ""LRisV!''
@LiW GyjN][, AlLiQN][ ssoRW s[ sVsztsQ BLiNRP NRPsxmsRy? BLiR sWxqsLi [ryy?
srysy[!
xqsWLRixmsNSaRPLSsogSLRiV s @VT N][xqsLi NRPVLRiV |msLRiV. sLRizqsLiLSso LS[aRPL`i
NUPqs[ zqsssWZNPRV j[VL`i[ |q^s[LiVVLi, zmszmsLiyLRiV. sVLSRV yLRiWs[
@RgSLjis dxqsVNRPVs gRiVTyR sRV. %ds s[xmsNUP @NRPR G%dsV %sVgRi[RV.
Rxms s[VuyLRiV @s[ yLji }qszRVRV sVVLiRVgS lLiLiRV gSxqsV][ sVgRi zmsLi
ByRV. A RLRiVyR xqsaSysNTP dxqsVZNPLRiV. BLiNS s[TgSs[ soLij. ARVs
As[aRPLi!
""sVW][L][ @zqsNRPV dxqsVNRPVs, NRPXxtsQ[ NRPzms sVLki sLiT'' @yLRiV |msRV. @zqsNRP
N][xqsLi sLRizqsLiLSso xmso][ NRPjFyRV ""Vqs='' sVLij RT Rgji. BLiNS ARVs[ D[NRPLi,
As[aRPLi RgRi[RssW! @sVNRPVLij LRisVsV. ALS RV[Lji %sRVyR [Lji, @zqsNRPV

NRPXxtsQ[ NRPzms, yLji 9c00 gRiLiNTP BV [LSLRiV. ""%dsV ysgSLRiV sVsNTP G%dsV
%sVgRi[RsW! sLjiNTP sLji RWxmso NRPWy!'' @Lij LRisVsV NRPWRVs RgRiLRiNTP
dxqsVNRPVs.
AsV FsxmsVRW ILilLi[! BxmsVRV N][%dsVNSRV. sVVzqs Rds, sVVgRiVLRiV NRPVsW\lLids
RWxqsVNRPVLiW Fsss NRPuyV xmsTLi][ A gRisLiRV[ZNP[ VxqsV!
AsV LRi AsVNRPLiW [zqss xqsRVsV "sVN`P' Rj%sLiRRLi. A RRVs[ AsVNTPLiR
@sLi |msLij. AsV jsRLRi C %sRLigS FyLRiLisV[Vj. ""DRRVs[V yVgRiLiNRPV
sR[, BLi[ xmssVW, sVVxqs R }qssW [zqs, NSsRNRPs "lLisVLi LRiVLiT'
gSLik ss ZNP[j @NRPR xmsoxqsNS %sgRiLi[ \[LjiRVsgS xmss[zqs, sVyxLi
"xqsL][RRW' A{mnsxqsV ZNP[j. @NRPR ys xmsNRP xmsNSLRiLi, BLiLiNUP s "xqsL][RRW
FyR' sxqsWV [xqsVNRPVs s[j. @Li[ ....... L][ g]xms g]xms ZaP[W y INRP
FyR[ RVLi FxqsW sryLRiV. sN][ L][ NSLRiNRPLRiV s @%s sxqsWV [xqsVN]
A{mnsxqsV[ @xmszms NRP%dsVxtsQs dxqsVN][y. @ ryRVLiRLi yNS LRiVgRiVRW, sVR[
FsNRPQ\y Rs][ NRPWy RVNRPVs L] sVVN][, @ssW s[j. ryRVLiysNTP Ljigji
zqsNTPLiyRV [Lji @NRPR LiVVRLRiV sVVgRiVLRiV sWLSU B[ J xqsLigkiRLi RL`iNTP zLik
zms J gRiLi, BV [lLi[j. @xmsNTP LS Fss%sVR[Vj. BLiN][xmsNUP
xmsRN]LiRVsVLij sVssV, sVVgRiVLRiV NRPWRVNUP NRPzms yLji LRiNTP s[lLi[][ D][gSV
NS @NRPR VgRiV soLiRRs BNRP[ DLi[ryLRiV. ALjizms FsxmsVRW R RgRilLi[ soLi[j
BRLRiV zms][!
A sVssLiRLRiW A xmssV[, C FyhRiLi @LRiLi NS[R[RVW sVWlgi[yLRiV.
y][ NS}qsxmso gRiTzms, rysLi[zqs, [Li[}qs xqsLjiNUP xmsjgRiLi[Vj Ljigji yLji @[
jsRLRi!
%s.%s. gjiLji gSLRiV $xLjiLSso gSLji sVLRiyLRi zqs, lLiLiRV sLiR LRiWFyRVV xmsLiFyLRiV.
|msRNRPVsWlLi ry%sNTP RLiT FNRP!

""C lLiLiRV sLiR LRiWFyRV][ sW @sV %sRLi gRiTFRV! @sV NRPVsW\lLiLiNS

@LiR jNRPV sWs zqs[ [LRiV'' @s [ LSzqsLij.
AsV sVVgRiVLRiV NRPVsW\lLiW xqsaRPNTP][ RsV NS%dsVR ysVVsyLRiV. |msRNRPWRVLRiV
sVLSxtsQ FsNTPQzqs [LRiV[, lLiLi][ NRPWRVLRiV ALiRxms[a`P FsNTPQzqs [LRiV[, sVW][
NRPWRVLRiV AL`i..zqs. [ D][gSV xqsLiFyjLiRVNRPVyLRiV. RNTP N]RVNRPVV [s [V
dLSLRiV.
1972 [ ....... @LiRLRiV ryRLiRQ xqssVLRiWRV LRiNUP, xqsRVLigS Fys
yNUP |ms<ss BxqsVyLRis zqs, ALji NRPWRVLRiV xqsRs $xLjiLSsogSLji
Fy}qszRV\s FssV.Fsqs. LSLigRiLi gSLji sRNRPV sLij.
""sWsRV! @sVNTP |ms<ss LS[RV @LiRLjiNUP sLij'' @sxmsLij. ARVs FsLi][ aRPR
dxqsVNRPVs, $xLjiLSsogSLRiV G G \[ sosk VxqsVNRPVs DRLRi xmsRVRLSV sTzms,
@NRPxtsQLi%dsVR \LRi RgRiLRisVLi ARVs A NSLi[ \[ gRiTzmssV Fs%ss=V
F~LiyLRiV.
sWLji yxqssoLSV FyNS NRPsNRPsVgSLRiW, LiRgRiWy \[ gRiVLRiylLiTgSLRiW, xmsoT|msR
xqsVLSsogSLRiW, y%s g][Fy NRPXxtsQRVgSLRiW, yR g][FylLiTgSLRiW, [LiVV
dsVsgSLRiW sVVRgRiV ARVs \Vs[VV= sVLiT [V xqsLiFyjLiyLRiV.
""RNRPWy %dsV ys ryjxqsVyLRiV'' @s LRisVsV NRPVsW\lLi][ @s[j, INRPyRV,
}msxmsL][ ""|mszqsLi sLSx sLiNRP gjiLjigSLRiV \|yRV %s[xqsVyLRiV'' @s yLRi
RWzqsLij xqsRs. sLis[ LSLigRiLigSLji sRNRPV sLij.
""sWsRV! %s.%s.gjiLjigSLRiV sxqsVyLRi. ARVs ysgSLjiNTP sVLi }qszRVs
%sysV. sVsZNP[\sVy [rylLi[sW'' @Lij @sWRVNRPLigS. LSLigRiLigSLRiV s%s, ""s!s
@RVgRiV!'' @yLRiV. ARVs sLigS @yL][, }sgS @yL][ AsVNTP RV[RV.

""sy @? NRPVryLS?'' @sTgjiLij. ""@ ....... sVLS. sVso $xLjiLSso

NRPWRVLjis[! %dsVys RWxqsVNRPVFy. @Li[!'' @yLRiV sVd ssoRW. ""ARVs FsNRPR
jgRiVyLRiV sWsRW!'' |mszqsLi FsNRPR xqs [ryL][ NRPWy AsVNRPV RVRV.
""LSss'' AsW sVssLi [xqsVNRPVLiW AsV BLi yLji xmsLij. sVLSRV
s[NRPVssVVs[ [, BRLRiV ARy LSss s[ xqsV=[ FsNSLRiV.
\ QsL`i xqsRsNTP VxqsV. AsVNRPWy AL`i..{qs [s[ D][gRiLi [xqsVLij NRPy! ""BLiR
F~R[ @sVgSLji dxqsVNRPVs FsNRPRNRPsW?'' @sTgSRV RVyxmssVVgS. ""%s.%s.gjiLjigSLji
NRPsysNTP''
"" A ....... ''@LiW @RsV J s%sVxtsQLi GLi %sLiVy][ @LRiLi NSsV RWryRV.
""G%sV @LiVyLRiV?'' @yRV sVd CryLji ssoRW. ""|mszqsLis
NRPsysNRPRW!'' FsLi][ sWsVWVgS yLiysV. @ sWsVWV [, dRgS
NRPszmsxqsVs BRLRiV ARy FsLi][ ksWgS [aSjs[Rs NRPsysNTP F~RV[ RV[Lji
sRLi @RsNTP ssp, d NRPgjiLiyLiVV
NS[V!
""|mszqsLis NRPyLi[ sWV NSso. FsLiR |qsNRPWLji soLiVLi][, Fss
LiRyVLiW %dsVNRPV Vry?'' @sTgSRV. ""GsW! sWNRPV RVRV. sW
ysgSlLixmsVRW "Bj sVsLiRV[sVV' @s A[Li RVxms]Rs[yLRiV. @LiRVZNP[
@sds BxmsVy[LiR RRVN][[RV'' @Lij xqsRs.
RLRiVyR yLji HRVgRiLiNTP bdPyNSLi, Rs[ [NRP xqsLiaRPRVLis[ sVNRPVRVs
Rs RgRiLRigS dxqsVNRPVs zmsLij, ""RVxmsRRV, ysgSLji @R sVsNRPV ][RVgS
soLiVLij.''
LSss sVVLiRV xqsV= Azms, ""|mszqsLiVgSLjis NRPzqs, sWRW @NRP[ NRPWL][NRPLiT.
Ljigji ILigRiLiNTP BNRPR sT[, B[ xqsV=[ ssNTP sRV'' @yRV xqsLi
xmsxqsW.

y xmsLiRVN][[RV. jgji sFRWLRiV. lgi[VsRNRPV [LRigSs[, |qsNRPWLjiy

s[ryLRiV.
""GLi xmss%dsVR syLRiV?'' @sTgSLRiV. ""gjiLjigSLji NRPy! ARVs y LRiNRPV }qszRVRV''
zmsLij LRisVsV. ""FsFyLiVVLisVLi dxqsVNRPVyLS?'' ""[RV! @ dxqsVN][ys
sWNRPVRVRV!''
""ryLki! CyLRiLi L][NUP FgSLi y @so @LiVVFLiVVLij. %dsVLRiV NRPsRLi NRPVRLRiRV.''
LRisVsV sxqs=RVLigS RWzqs, ssVLRigRi[LiVVLij.
""Bjg][LiT! ARVs xqsRVLigS sWNRPVLSzqss DRLRiLi, NTPLiRLSsVVjNRP! Bj RWzmsLi,
$xLjiLSso LS, NRPWRVLRiW syLRiV %sVsV NRPys, @s xmsLiT, RRV[zqs
INRPryLji NRPsVN][LiT!'' @Lij xqsRs DRLRiLi @LijxqsW. @R[ s%sVxtsQLi A[LiyRV.
VgRiV[ AdRVLigS LSzqss [. NTPLiR ARVs xqsxry][ [zqss xqsLiRNRPLi!
""soLiRLiT!'' @LiW @j dxqsVNRPVs [xmsZNPRV. @RsV [xmsZNP Ljigji
s[sLRiNRPW A @LRixmnsVTRW, INRP RVVgRiLi \sFyLRis [xqsW gRiTFyLRiV. @xmsVRxmsV[
yLjiNTP |mszqsLiV xLigRiW, ALSLi ARVs NRPVxqsVN][sysNTP LRigRiszqss LiRyW
@sgRiRsVsrygSLiVV.
NS}qsxmsNTP A |qsNRPWLji A{mnsxqsL] ""LRisVLiVyLRiV LRisVsV gSLjis'' @yRV.
xqsRs sLis[ R LiVV gRigS xmsVNRPVs, sW @sVgSLjiNTP NRP xqsLjigS NRPszmsLiRso.
s[sV NRPWy sLisoLiy=Li['' @Lij. @R[ ssVVxtsQLi A[Li, ""xqslLi[!'' @yRV.
%saS\sVs [NTP ARVgRiV|msRVRVLiRgS, yLjiNS sNSLiVV. xLiygS NRPWLki[
NRPWLRiVs NRPszmsLiyLRiV gjiLjigSLRiV.
AsVNTP ARVs xqsVxmsLjiRs[V! A xmsNRPLjiLixmso[s @sWysNTP AsV NRP @aRPVxmspLjiy
RWLiVV. g]LiRV |msgRiVVNRPVs sW RVNTP LSsRLi y NRPxtsQsVLiVV FLiVVLij.
ARVs [, RgRiLRigS s VLi %dsVR [Vzqs, ""EL][sW yTNRPds ]LiRlLi[!''
@yLRiV INRPsWLRiV %sRRV\. AsV NRPWy xqsLRiVNRPVLij. ""NRPWL][LiT'' @s NRPVLki
RWzmsLiyLRiV. ""C @sWLiVV Fs[ @sWLiVV?'' @sTgSLRiV.

""sVW][ @sWLiVV.''@LiysV. ""|msR @sW[VW @sVNRPVysV! @ds RLiT

FNRP[ xmsoNTP xmsoRVNRPVsVLij. [gRiR yRV FLiVVsxmsVRV yN][ DRLRiLi LSzqsLij[!''
@yLRiV.
LRisVsVNTP y zqsgRiszmsLiLij NRPWRVLji ]LiRLRiFyV RLRiNTP. NSds, ARVs Bs
LSRNSLS[sW BLiR xqs %sxtsQRVLi gRiVLRiV |msVN][sRLi AaRPLRiLi, AsLiRLi
NRPgjiLiLij. @LiRVZNP[ y "g]xmsyRWLRiV.'' ""s[s[%dsV @sVN][[RV[! zqsLixLi
NRPRVxmsos zqsLixLi zms[gS xmsoRVRVLij!'' @s syLRiV. AsV [RVV [TLiRLi %sVs G%dsV
RV[NRPFLiVVLij.
""sVVgRiLRiW NRPWRV[gS, GLi [xqsVyLRiW?'' AsV zmsLij. xqsRs [LRiV %szms
""@sVNTP {mnsRsV \|mnsL`i= |ms<ss LSsRLi [RV, @LiRVNRPs ....... @Lij. ARVs AaRPLRiFLiVV.
""y!'' @s FsRVLRiVgRiVLiy sos NSLiVVRLi %dsVR LRisVsV }msLRiW, sRVxqsW, BRLRi
%ssLSW xqsxry][ LSxqsVNRPVs, ""s[ RWryssW! %ds\sLiR RLRi[ Ljilgi[V RWrysV''
@yLRiV.
A RLSR ARVs N][xqsLi RLi][xmsRLiyVgS RV FsRVLRiV RWxqsVs ys
RVRVNRPVs, aRPso dxqsVNRPVs RV[LSLRiV. AL][ LSd xmsLiRVgRi, Rs "@ss[' NRPzqssVgS
@szmsLiLij LRisVsVNTP. FsLi][sVLij "rRLji'V LSd][ ARVs N][xqsLi RV FsRVLRiV
RWxqsVyLRiV, RsV FyR xmsNSs[ LiRyV ARVs [NTP NRP sxqsVs @sVW
NRPgjiLij.
RLRiVyR sLi ss |qsNRPWLji A{mnsxqsL`i, xqsLRixqsd gjiLjigSLji RgRiLRiNTP dxqsVZNPRV.
AsVNRPWy AFyRVyRLRi][ LRiNRPV RgRi BV. y }mssVgS sWT xmsLizmsLiyLRiV.
ILigRiLiNRP qsryxmsoN] syLRiV. @[ xqsV= Ljig]Lij. \QsL`i ssoRW
""|mszqsLiV NRPryLS?'' @yRV. "" A ....... y gS sWyLRiV. s[VsVV ss xmss
LjigjiLij.'' @Lij LRisVsV FsLi][ RXzmsgS.

@RsV sLis[ sZaP[xtsv\ A RLSR ssVjgS [RVV [TLi, ""ORPQ%sVLiRRsW! G][

RVNRP ygSsV. %dsVlLiLiR g]xmsyLRiV NSNRPF[ ARVs "FsFyLiVVLisVLi' dxqsVN][NRPVLiys[
sWT xmsLizmsryLRiW?'' @yRV y zqsgRiVxmsRVRW.
""INRPxmsVRV sW LiVVLi[ sW yLji][V s[%dsVR NRPWLRiVs, s[sV sTLis LiRNSRV
xmsRU, @sLi sylLi[! NSds, ARVs sVsV sVLjiFNRPFsRLi ARVs sys
yV][Lij. @[ Ay yLjiNUP [y!'' @LiysV NRP[Li @xmsRVRLigS ss NRPdsLRiV
RVRVRVNRPVLiW.
""sWsRW! sVso zmss[, "|mszqsLi gSLjis NRPrysVV. ARVs @sV |ms<ss
%sxtsQRVLi %ds\sLiR RLRigS Ljilgi[V RWrysyLRiV @s xqsRs xmsgSs[, [LRiV Lji
RWxqsVLiTFRWLRiV LSLigRiLi.' G][ sW sLRixqsNTP RsV s |mszqsLiVs NRPsLiT!''
@Li[ LRiLS s NRPr~s y[, @sLi sLRi\sVs INRP "sRW' , "aRPLki'
sVVR\sy NRPszmsLiyLRiV.
NRP @aRPVxmspLjiy soRVLiRgS, ""yNRPV V}qs, sVso $xLji LSso NRPWRVLji%ds,
A%s[sW ARVsNRPV ryOSQRW RLRixmsd! %dsVLRiV ryjLiR[s [sVVLiVLij?'' @yLRiV.
Bj Ljigjis yLSsNRP, A%sRNTP |ms<ss BxqsVsV DRLRiVV @LiyLiVV. "FsLjiRVL`i='
LRiW1770 @LiyLiVV. s s, sLiRLRiVFyLiVV [yLRiV. A RLSR lLiLi]LiRLiVVLij.
NSNRPs[V |msLRiVgRiVRW xmsxqsVRLi 1000 LRiW @LiRVRVyLiVV. A%sRNTP FsNRPTNTP xmsRWLi
[zqsy \lLiQ[ xmnsqsNSqs Fyqs @LiLiV][ xqs xmsRWLi RV ysNTPyLRiV. C sVR
Fns rNRPLRiLi NRPWy NRPLiyLRiV.
gjiLjigSLRiV FLiVVy, ARVs AdRVysWys @LiRLji sVsxqsV[ "LRiLi%s'gS
syLRiV.
""@sVsW Fs soLij?'' @sTgjiLij. BRLiy NRPR NTPLiR LSxqsVs AsV ALji
sVssLSV, @Li[ ALji NRPWRVLji NRPWRVLRiV. ""%dsV yRRV g]xmsyRs VxqsV NSds, BLiR

g]xmsyRs, BRLiy RjyNRP BxmsV[ VrLij. @xms[ s[sLiNS xqsRV

xqsxNSLSLijLi soLi[, ARVs BLiNS RXzmsgS, xqsLi][xtsQLigS sVLjiRLigS [aSsNTP }qss[zqs
soLi[ylLi[sW!'' @Lij LRisVsV, RsVLjiLis NRP RVRVRVNRPVLiW.
NSds, ARVs Ay LSNUPRWs[ "NRPV'gS "L]RV' gS DyxLjixqsW, @LjigjiLiRVN][[NRP
FsRVLRiV LjigSLRiV. CyRV NRPVLiT, xmsxqsVR LSNUPRV xmsLjisWV NRPLS RWRRLi
Rzqs}qs, xms ssVVxtsQLi, sLRiNRPLi @sV%sLi[ylLi[sW! @LiRVZNP[ @ "@NS sVXRVso' @s[
sLRi%sV }mssVgS @NRPVs [LRiVNRPVLij LRiRsWR!
RVLiRVRVNRPVgS, @LjigS soLi[zms %dsV[ RNTP }mssVNRPVs! aRPyxqsNRPVV NRPsLRiVxqsW
"RgRiLRigS' soLiRVN][ys xmsRVQrLij.
Cy yNTP ARVssL][ RVRV! Ay yNTP ARVs J "yRVNRPVTgS'
xmsLjiRRVs[V! @LiRLjiNUP ARVs[%sV[ RWs[ C s xmsRVRLi.
cccc:xqs sW xms iLi :ccccc