Phy Lab Exp New

Experiment no.
1
PLANCK'S CONSTANT
I.
Objective
II.
determine Plandydfyckascs constant 'h' by

(b)Demonstrate inverse square law of radiation.
Apparatus
dvv
Vacuum
phototube, halogen tungsten lamp, color filters, regulated
power supply, current metcadasder and optical bench.
III.
(a) To
photocell.
Theoryasdasd
Electrons are emitted from metal plate/surface when it is
illuminated with light
of sufficient high frequency.
This phenomena is called photoelectric effect. The energy
distribution of electrons is independent of intensity of light.
Photoelectrons emitted from the metal surface are proportional
to intensity of incident light if frequency of light is grater than
critical frequency. Frequency below photoelectrons emission
don't takes place is called critical/threshold frequency. Maximum
energy of photoelectron is depend up on frequency of light.
Kinetic energy of photoelectron is increases linearly with
frequency of light.
KEmax=h(v-vo)=hv-hvo
vo is threshold frequency ,h is Plancks constant. The value of
'h' , Plancks constant is 6.62x10-34 J.S(4.136x10-15), is always
same. Where vo is varies with the particular metal being
illuminated.
Quantity hvo is equal to e() and () is called
work function which is minimum amount of energy required to
remove the photoelectron.
hv = 1/2 mv2 + e()
The kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons is measured by
retarding potential technique and the potential at which the

photocurrent drops to zero is termed as stopping potential.
1/2 mv2 =evs
vs =h/e x v - ()
Vs is plotted against the frequency, the slope yields the value of
'h' and the intercept on y axis gives the work function.
Theory related to inverse law for radiation.
If L is the luminous intensity of an electric lamp and E is the
luminescence at point 'r' from it then. Since the light is allowed
to fall on the photocathode, the photocurrent 'I' is
Proportional to E, i.e. , where C is a constant. A plot between I
and should be a straight line.
IV.
Experimental setup:In this experiment phototube and light source are mounted on
optical bench. Whose length is 40cm.The setup facilitate
relative motion between optical bench and light source.so we
can adjust the distance between phototube and light source
according to our need. In this experiment halogen tungsten
lamp is acting as light source. Whose intensity can be
continuously varies. Drawtube is connected to vacuum
phototube such that its hold color filter from front side and lens
at other end. The voltage between anode and cathode in
continuously varied using 15V multi-turn pot and polarity can
also be switched by using switch button.
V.
Observation table
1)
Serial Number
Wavelength (in
Frequency (in
Stopping
1
4
7
10
13
nm)
635
570
540
500
460
10**14)
4.72
5.26
5.55
6
6.52
Graph plot
Stopping potential vs frequency
2)
Distance (cm)
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
27
0.10
0.840
25
0.10
0.973
23
0.10
1.145
Potential(V)
-0.33
-0.54
-0.070
-0.84
-1.10
21
0.10
1.357
19
0.10
1.567
17
0.10
1.840
Graph Plot
VI.
Result and calculation

Vs = (h/e)V -
----------------- equation (1)
By using observation table we took value of stopping potential

corresponding
to frequency of light source.
Frequency (in
10**14)
4.72
5.26
Stopping
Potential(V)
0.33
0.54
0.33 = (h/e)*4.72*1014 - --------------------- equation (2)

0.54 =(h/ e)*5.26*1014 - --------------------- equation (3)
e=1.6*10-19 c
By subtracting eqs(1) from eqs(2), we get:

h = 6.5*10-34 J-s
Putting value of h = 6.5*10-34 , we get =1.62 ev
VII.
Conclusion
Stopping potential is linearly dependent on frequency of light
source. Therefore frequency of light source varies then stopping
potential is also varies.
is independent with frequency of light source.
For inverse square law of radiation, if distance is increased
between the
photocathode and source of light, intensity
decreases, and due to this decrease in intensity, current is also
decreases (at constant voltage).
VIII.
Precaution
Phototube is a light sensitive device. It may get damaged if light
is directly falling on it. To prevent damage to the phototube, we
either minimize the intensity of light or cover the drawtube.
Before calculating the stopping potential with different
frequencies of light source, we check whether the apparatus is
working properly or not, by adjusting the current value as 0.005
microA instead of zero.
Before beginning the experiment, we adjust the lamp on the
optical bench, such that the error is reduced to a minimum.

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Experiment no.

determine Plandydfyckascs constant 'h' by

retarding potential technique and the potential at which the

Result and calculation

----------------- equation (1)

By using observation table we took value of stopping potential

0.33 = (h/e)4.721014 - --------------------- equation (2)

By subtracting eqs(1) from eqs(2), we get:

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