Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 70 views

    Fault Tolerant Systems: Chapter 1: PRELIMINARIES

    Uploaded by

    Kisalay Kumar
    This document introduces key concepts in fault-tolerant systems. It defines faults, errors, and failures and classifies fault types. It describes different forms of redundancy used to build fault tolerance into systems, including hardware, information, time, and software redundancy. Traditional measures of fault tolerance like reliability and availability are discussed as well as network-specific measures. The outline previews topics to be covered in subsequent chapters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fault Tolerant Systems: Chapter 1: PRELIMINARIES

    Uploaded by

    Kisalay Kumar
    70 views14 pages
    This document introduces key concepts in fault-tolerant systems. It defines faults, errors, and failures and classifies fault types. It describes different forms of redundancy used to build fault tolerance into systems, including hardware, information, time, and software redundancy. Traditional measures of fault tolerance like reliability and availability are discussed as well as network-specific measures. The outline previews topics to be covered in subsequent chapters.

    Original Description:

    Fault Tolerant System

    Original Title

    Chapter 1 Fts

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document introduces key concepts in fault-tolerant systems. It defines faults, errors, and failures and classifies fault types. It describes different forms of redundancy used to build fault tolerance into systems, including hardware, information, time, and software redundancy. Traditional measures of fault tolerance like reliability and availability are discussed as well as network-specific measures. The outline previews topics to be covered in subsequent chapters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views14 pages

    Fault Tolerant Systems: Chapter 1: PRELIMINARIES

    Uploaded by

    Kisalay Kumar
    This document introduces key concepts in fault-tolerant systems. It defines faults, errors, and failures and classifies fault types. It describes different forms of redundancy used to build fault tolerance into systems, including hardware, information, time, and software redundancy. Traditional measures of fault tolerance like reliability and availability are discussed as well as network-specific measures. The outline previews topics to be covered in subsequent chapters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    FAULTTOLERANTSYSTEMS

    Chapter1:PRELIMINARIES

    PRELIMINARIES
    FAULTCLASSIFICATION
    TYPESOFREDUNDANCY
    BASICMEASURESOFFAULTTOLERANCE
    TRADITIONALMEASURES
    NETWORKMEASURES

    OUTLINE

    PRELIMINARIES
    Computersystems,hardwareandsoftware,
    aremostcomplexsystemsevercreatedby
    humanbeings.
    Criticalapplications:Spaceshuttle,financial
    systems,medicalinstruments,etc.
    Faulttolerance:techniquestotoleratefaults
    whilestilldeliveringacceptablelevelof
    serviceforintendedobjectivesofsystems.
    3

    FAULTCLASSIFICATION
    FAULT ERROR FAILURE
    Fault:hardwaredefectorsoftware/programming
    mistake.
    Error:manisfestationoffault.
    Failure:notachieveintendedobjectiveofsystem.

    Fault/errormayspreadthroughsystem.
    Containmentzone:barriertoreducechancethat
    fault/errorinonezonepropagatestoanother.
    4

    FAULTCLASSIFICATION
    FAULTCHARACTERISTICS
    Permanent:permanentdefect.
    Transient:malfunctionforsometimeandrestore
    functionalityafterward.
    Intermittent:oscillatesbetweenquiescentand
    active.

    OTHERCHARACTERISTICS.
    Benign.
    Malicious:appearsreasonable,butincorrect.
    5

    TYPESOFREDUNDANCY
    REDUNDANCY:
    Propertyofhavingmoreofaresourcesthanis
    minimallynecessarytodothejob.
    Whenthereisfault,redundancymasksorworks
    aroundfaults.

    FORMSOFREDUNDANCY:
    Hardwareredundancy(staticanddynamic):
    incorporateextrahardwareintodesigntoeither
    detectoroverrideeffectsoffailedcomponent.
    6

    TYPESOFREDUNDANCY
    FORMSOFREDUNDANCY(cont.):
    Informationredundancy:errordetectionand
    correction.
    Timeredundancy:reexecutionofsamehardware
    orprogram.
    Softwareredundancy:multipleversionsof
    program.

    BASICMEASURESOFFT
    MEASURE
    Mathematicalabstractionthatexpressessome
    relevantfacetofperformanceofobject.Usually
    onlycapturesasubsetofproperties.

    TYPES:
    Traditional.
    Network.

    BASICMEASURESOFFT
    RELIABILITYANDAVAILABILITY:Verylimitedin
    whattheycanexpress.
    ReliabilityR(t):probabilitythatsystemhasbeen
    up(operational)continuouslyintimeinterval
    [0,t].
    MeanTimeToFailure(MTTF):Averagetime
    systemoperatesuntilfailureoccurs.
    MeanTimeBetweenFailure(MTBF):Averagetime
    betweentwoconsecutivefailures.
    9

    BASICMEASURESOFFT
    MeanTimetoRepair(MTTR):Timeneededto
    repairsystemfollowingfirstfailure.
    MTBF=MTTF+MTTR
    AvailabilityA(t):averagefractionoftimeover
    interval[0,t]thatsystemisup(operational).
    PointavailabilityAP(t):probabilitythatsystemis
    upatparticulartimeinstantt.
    Longterm(steadystate)availability.
    A = lim A(t)
    t

    10

    BASICMEASURESOFFT
    Longtermavailabilitymaybecalculatedfrom
    MTTF,MTBF,andMTTR.
    A=

    MTTF
    MTBF

    MTTF
    MTTF + MTTR

    Itispossibleforalowreliabilitysystemtohave
    highavailability:asystemthatfailseveryhouron
    averagebutcomesbackupafteronlyasecond
    MTBFofonehour(lowreliability),butavailability
    ishighA=3559/3600=0.99972.
    11

    BASICMEASURESOFFT
    NETWORKMEASURES:
    Focusesonnetworkthatconnectsprocessor
    together.
    Nodeandlineconnectivity:Minimumnumberof
    nodesandlines,respectively,thathavetofail
    beforenetworkbecomesdisconnected.
    Canonlydistinguishestwonetworkstates:
    connectedanddisconnected.Itsaysnothing
    abouthownetworkdegradesasnodesfailbefore,
    orafter,becomingdisconnected.
    12

    BASICMEASURESOFFT
    NETWORKMEASURES:

    Bothnetworkshavesamenodeconnectivityof1.
    ButN1ismuchmoreconnectedthanN2
    probabilityofN1beingbrokenupislowerthan
    forN2.
    13

    OUTLINE

    HARWAREFAULTTOLERANCE
    INFORMATIONREDUNDANCY
    FAULTTOLERANTNETWORK
    SOFTWAREFAULTTOLERANCE
    CHECKPOINTING
    CASESTUDIES
    FAULTDETECTIONINCRYPTOGRAPHIC
    SYSTEMS
    14

    You might also like