Simple ORC Model SQ110918

File:Z:\labo\these\final\modeles\simple_ORC_model.
EES
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 1
EES Ver. 8.940: #1206: Jean Lebrun, Laboratoire de Thermodynamique, Univ. Liege
This simple model of an Organic Rankine Cycle is designed for a quick evaluation of the cycle performance with imposed
heat source and heat sink conditions and different working fluids. It is suitable for the 'screening method' describe in Chapter
5.3. For realistic performance prediction of an ORC, more advanced models must be used (such a the one proposed in Chapter
4).
Some inputs are commented. These inputs can be used provided some other inputs are removed (eg. the heat temperature can
be imposed if the equation imposing its flow rate of the working fluid rate is removed).
This model is designed for subcritical operating conditions and azeotropic working fluids only.
The model includes a recuperator, that can be removed by setting its effectiveness to zero.
Thermodynamic digrams can be built by plotting the thermodynamic states recorded in the array table.
This code is provided for educational purpose. It can be freely used and reproduced as long as full credit to the original source
is provided:
Quoilin, S. (2011). Sustainable energy conversion through the use of Organic Rankine Cycles for waste heat recovery and solar
applications. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Lige, Lige, Belgium.
Sylvain Quoilin, 18 September 2011
Nomenclature:
cp
heat capacity (j/kgK)
exergy flow rate (W)
E
h
specific enthalpy, J/(kg K)
M
mass flow rate, kg/s
p
pressure, Pa
pinch
pinch point value, K
Q
Heat power, W
q
specific heat flux, W/kg
r
ratio, s
specific entropy, J/(kg K)
T
temperature, C
w
specific work, J/kg
W mechanical or electrical power, W
x
vapor quality, Greek symbols
effectiveness
differential
efficiency
density, kg/m3
Subscripts and superscripts
0
Reference conditions
cd
Condenser
cf
Cold fluid
ev
Evaporator
ex
Exhaust
exp
Expander
l
Liquid
pp
Pump
rec
Recuperator
s
Isentropic
sf
Secondary fluid
su
Supply
tp
Two-phase
v
Vapor
File:Z:\labo\these\final\modeles\simple_ORC_model.EES
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Inputs and parameters :

fluid$ = 'r245fa'
M = 1
T 0 = 20
pressures :
T ev
= 130
T cd
= 30
pinch ev
= 10
pinch cd
= 10
heat source :
hf$ = 'air ha'
p hf;ev
M hf
= 100000
= 5
heat sink :
cf$ = 'air ha'
p cf;cd
M cf
= 100000
= 10
Pressure drops in the heat exchangers :

p ev
= 0
p cd
= 0
Overheating and subcooling :

T ex;ev
= 5
T ex;cd
= 5
Effectivenesses :
exp
= 0,8
pp
= 0,8
rec
= 0
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 3
p su;exp
p ex;exp
rp =
su;exp
rv =
ex;exp
First processing :
Saturation pressures :
T ev
= T sat
fluid$ ; P =p su;ev
T cd
= T sat
fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd
p ev
= p su;ev p su;exp
p cd
= p ex;exp p ex;cd
p ev
p su;ev + p su;exp
2
p cd
p ex;exp + p ex;cd
2
T ex;ev
= T su;exp T sat
T ex;cd
= T sat
fluid$ ; P =p su;exp
fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd
T ex;cd
Expansion :
h su;exp
= h fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp
s su;exp
= s fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp
exp
h ex;exp;s
h su;exp h ex;exp
h su;exp h ex;exp;s
= h fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; s =s su;exp
t ex;exp
= T fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; h =h ex;exp
ex;exp
= fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; T = t ex;exp
su;exp
= fluid$ ; P =p su;exp ; T = T su;exp
Condenser :
hypothesis : the pressure drop is distributed in the heat exchanger proportionaly to the enthalpy change :
h su;cd
= h ex;vap;rec
T su;cd
= T ex;vap;rec
h ex;cd
= h fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; T = T ex;cd
h cd;v
= h fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 4
h cd;l = h fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

p cd;v = p ex;exp p cd
p cd;l = p ex;exp p cd
T cd;v
h ex;exp h cd;v
h ex;exp h ex;cd
h ex;exp h cd;l
h ex;exp h ex;cd
= T fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1
T cd;l = T fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

h cf;su;cd
= h cf$ ; T = t cf;su;cd ; P =p cf;cd
M cf
h cf;ex;cd h cf;su;cd
= M
h su;cd h ex;cd
M cf
h cf;su;tp h cf;su;cd
= M
h cd;l h ex;cd
M cf
h cf;ex;tp h cf;su;cd
= M
Min h cd;v ; h su;cd
T cf;ex;cd
= T cf$ ; h =h cf;ex;cd ; P =p cf;cd
T cf;su;tp
= T cf$ ; h =h cf;su;tp ; P =p cf;cd
T cf;ex;tp
= T cf$ ; h =h cf;ex;tp ; P =p cf;cd
h ex;cd
T cf;cd
= T cf;ex;cd t cf;su;cd
pinch cd
= Min T ex;cd t cf;su;cd ; T cd;v T cf;ex;tp ; T su;cd T cf;ex;cd
Pump :
h su;pp
= h ex;cd
v su;pp
= v fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; h =h ex;cd
s su;pp
= s fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; h =h ex;cd
h ex;pp
= h su;pp + v su;pp
p su;ev p ex;cd
pp
Second method:
h ex;pp;s
pp
t ex;pp
= h fluid$ ; s =s su;pp ; P =p su;ev

h ex;pp;s h su;pp
h ex;pp;bis h su;pp
= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;pp ; P =p su;ev
Recuperator :
Pressure drop :
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 5
p vap;rec
= p cd
h ex;exp h ex;vap;rec
h ex;exp h ex;cd
p ex;vap;rec
= p su;vap;rec p vap;rec
p su;vap;rec
= p ex;exp
h su;liq;rec
= h ex;pp
T su;liq;rec
= t ex;pp
p liq;rec
= p su;ev
H su;vap;rec
= h ex;exp
T su;vap;rec
= t ex;exp
p su;vap;rec + p ex;vap;rec
2
p vap;rec
cp liq;rec
= Cp fluid$ ; T = T su;liq;rec ; P =p liq;rec
cp vap;rec
= Cp fluid$ ; T = T su;vap;rec ; P =p vap;rec
C liq;rec
= M cp liq;rec
C vap;rec
= M cp vap;rec
C min;rec
= Min C liq;rec ; C vap;rec
C max;rec
= Max C liq;rec ; C vap;rec
Q rec
= rec C min;rec
Q rec
= M
H su;vap;rec h ex;vap;rec
Q rec
= M
h ex;liq;rec h su;liq;rec
T ex;vap;rec
T ex;liq;rec
T su;vap;rec T su;liq;rec
= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;vap;rec ; P =p vap;rec

= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;liq;rec ; P =p liq;rec
Evaporator :
h su;ev
= h ex;liq;rec
T su;ev
= T ex;liq;rec
h ex;ev
= h su;exp
h ev;l = h fluid$ ; P =p ev;l ; x =0

h ev;v = h fluid$ ; P =p ev;v ; x =1
p ev;l = p su;exp + p ev
h ex;ev h ev;l
h ex;ev h su;ev
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 6
= p su;exp + p ev
p ev;v
h ex;ev h ev;v
h ex;ev h su;ev
T ev;l = T fluid$ ; x =0 ; P =p ev;l

T ev;v
= T fluid$ ; x =1 ; P =p ev;v
secondary fluid :
h hf;su;ev
= h hf$ ; T = t hf;su;ev ; P =p hf;ev
M hf
h hf;su;ev h hf;ex;ev
= M
h ex;ev h su;ev
M hf
h hf;su;ev h hf;ex;tp
= M
h ex;ev h ev;l
M hf
h hf;su;ev h hf;su;tp
= M
h ex;ev h ev;v
T hf;ex;ev
= T hf$ ; h =h hf;ex;ev ; P =p hf;ev
T hf;ex;tp
= T hf$ ; h =h hf;ex;tp ; P =p hf;ev
T hf;su;tp
= T hf$ ; h =h hf;su;tp ; P =p hf;ev
T hf;ev
= t hf;su;ev T hf;ex;ev
pinch ev
= Min T hf;ex;ev T su;ev ; T hf;ex;tp T ev;l ; T hf;su;tp T su;exp
T-s diagram :
s1
= s fluid$ ; T = t ex;pp ; P =p su;ev
t1
= t ex;pp
p1
= p su;ev
h1
= h ex;pp
s2
= s fluid$ ; T = T ex;liq;rec ; P =p su;ev
t2
= T ex;liq;rec
p2
= p su;ev
h2
= h ex;liq;rec
s3
= s fluid$ ; P =p ev;l ; x =0
t 3 = T ev;l
p3
= p ev;l
h3
= h ev;l
s4
= s fluid$ ; P =p ev;v ; x =1
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 7
t 4 = T ev;v
h4
= h ev;v
p4
= p ev;v
s5
= s su;exp
t5
= T su;exp
h5
= h su;exp
p5
= p su;exp
5 = Visc fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

k5
= k fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp
s6
= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp
t6
= t ex;exp
h6
= h ex;exp
p6
= p ex;exp
6 = Visc fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

k6
= k fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp
6 = fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

s7
= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;vap;rec ; P =p ex;vap;rec
t7
= T ex;vap;rec
h7
= h ex;vap;rec
p7
= p ex;vap;rec
s8
= Min s 5 ; s fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1
t 8 = T cd;v
h8
= Min h ex;exp ; h cd;v
p8
= Min p ex;exp ; p cd;v
s9
= s fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0
t 9 = T cd;l
h9
= h cd;l
p9
= p cd;l
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 8
MM = MolarMass 'Toluene'
s 10
= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;cd ; P =p ex;cd
t 10
= T ex;cd
h 10
= h ex;cd
p 10
= p ex;cd
s 11
= s1
t 11
= t1
h 11
= h1
p 11
= p1
T profile in heat exhangers :

T hf;2 = T hf;ex;ev
T hf;3 = T hf;ex;tp
T hf;4 = T hf;su;tp
T hf;5 = t hf;su;ev
T cf;7 = T cf;ex;cd
T cf;8 = T cf;ex;tp
T cf;9 = T cf;su;tp
T cf;10
= t cf;su;cd
Efficiency :
w exp
= h su;exp h ex;exp
w pp
= h ex;pp h su;pp
w net
= w exp w pp
q ev
= h ex;ev h su;ev
cycle
w exp w pp
q ev
W net
= w net M
W exp
= w exp M
W pp
= w pp M
Second law efficiency:
24/02/2012 14:45:05 Page 9
E hf
= M hf
s hf;su;ev
h hf;su;ev h hf;0
T0
s hf;su;ev s hf;0
= s hf$ ; h =h hf;su;ev ; P =p hf;ev
h hf;0 = h hf$ ; T = T 0 ; P =p hf;ev

s hf;0 = s hf$ ; T = T 0 ; P =p hf;ev
II
W net
E hf
Fluid quality at the end of the expansion :

x = x fluid$ ; h =h ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp
R245fa
150
T [C]
100
50
-50
0,2
0,4
1000
0,6
1250
0,8
1500
s [J/kg-K]
1750
2000

Simple ORC Model SQ110918

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File:Z:\labo\these\final\modeles\simple_ORC_model.

Inputs and parameters :

Pressure drops in the heat exchangers :

Overheating and subcooling :

= h fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

= s fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

= T fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; h =h ex;exp

= fluid$ ; P =p ex;exp ; T = t ex;exp

= fluid$ ; P =p su;exp ; T = T su;exp

= h fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; T = T ex;cd

h cd;l = h fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

T cd;l = T fluid$ ; P =p cd;l ; x =0

= h cf$ ; T = t cf;su;cd ; P =p cf;cd

Min h cd;v ; h su;cd

= T cf$ ; h =h cf;ex;cd ; P =p cf;cd

= T cf$ ; h =h cf;su;tp ; P =p cf;cd

= T cf$ ; h =h cf;ex;tp ; P =p cf;cd

= Min T ex;cd t cf;su;cd ; T cd;v T cf;ex;tp ; T su;cd T cf;ex;cd

= v fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; h =h ex;cd

= s fluid$ ; P =p ex;cd ; h =h ex;cd

= h fluid$ ; s =s su;pp ; P =p su;ev

= Cp fluid$ ; T = T su;liq;rec ; P =p liq;rec

= Cp fluid$ ; T = T su;vap;rec ; P =p vap;rec

= Min C liq;rec ; C vap;rec

= Max C liq;rec ; C vap;rec

= T fluid$ ; h =h ex;vap;rec ; P =p vap;rec

h ev;l = h fluid$ ; P =p ev;l ; x =0

T ev;l = T fluid$ ; x =0 ; P =p ev;l

= h hf$ ; T = t hf;su;ev ; P =p hf;ev

= T hf$ ; h =h hf;ex;ev ; P =p hf;ev

= T hf$ ; h =h hf;ex;tp ; P =p hf;ev

= T hf$ ; h =h hf;su;tp ; P =p hf;ev

= Min T hf;ex;ev T su;ev ; T hf;ex;tp T ev;l ; T hf;su;tp T su;exp

= s fluid$ ; T = t ex;pp ; P =p su;ev

= s fluid$ ; T = T ex;liq;rec ; P =p su;ev

5 = Visc fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

= k fluid$ ; T = T su;exp ; P =p su;exp

= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

6 = Visc fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

= k fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

6 = fluid$ ; T = t ex;exp ; P =p ex;exp

= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;vap;rec ; P =p ex;vap;rec

= Min s 5 ; s fluid$ ; P =p cd;v ; x =1

= Min h ex;exp ; h cd;v

= Min p ex;exp ; p cd;v

= s fluid$ ; h =h ex;cd ; P =p ex;cd

T profile in heat exhangers :

Second law efficiency:

= s hf$ ; h =h hf;su;ev ; P =p hf;ev

h hf;0 = h hf$ ; T = T 0 ; P =p hf;ev

Fluid quality at the end of the expansion :

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