VS$$ l

yl l 25 l 2014

GST

General Essay

JMS ]l$ ]l${l...

iG-s

S ]l$ P--Z MSMS A-*-MS MS{l {$l -MS.

]l$, ]l ]l$ (VS*yl Ayl sMS-&-i-G--s-)]l$ l BMS ]l]l-MS$ -^l$
^l* A]l$-ZMS $MS$ ]l^la-l$MS$ MS--_. Cl$Z VSV> >gVS ]l-
$MS$ MS{l ]l${ ]lY 20-14, yl-$ 17]l Bl*--_. A ]lV>
Wl 20-16, H{ 1 ]l$_ iG--s A]l$$ ^l*- {$l *_-.
y l]l* Msylz,
{,
IG Ol>l.

JMS ]l$... iG-s:

l V> ]l$, ]l-MS$ JMS ]l$]l$ ^lyl
r$ ]l$O ]l$ l l- *-^l El-
MS{l {$l ]l$, ]l ]l$ $]l$ yl-$
19]l ZMS--Z {l---st. Ml ]l$ -
H{ 1, 20-16 ]l$_ A]l$$ ^l*- {$l . -> MS{l GMSg $MS, >$ ^l
$]l B-l ]l$ (-s), l, , {l
]l$, B[M>t$ ]lZ ]l$ ]l ]l$ (i-G--s)
JMSPs Er$. D ]l$ -$Ol$ 12-2]l >gVS
]l- $]l$ MS{l {$l ZMS--Z {l--st. >gVS ]l- $ Bl*--MS ZMS-,
>f--Z 2/3 ]l]ll$ l$g-s A]l-. r$ V>--MS-OV> > >-]l--$ D $]l$ Bl*-^ Er$.

l MMSP:
]l$, ]l ]l$]l$ 20-1-1Z As H
{$l ZMS--Z {l st. M> A l. Gl-ylH {$l Ml $]l$ {l
st ]l_a. Al {sZ-$ El ]l$
l ]ls $ --l A>-O >$
C#s

Al
*VS
iGs C#s sM

]l$]l#$
$
]l$

iGs A]l#s#s sM

A-l ]lMS ^l>. ^]l ^l*]l MS{l > ^la-_. {sZ--$]l$ $]l---^-
~--_. AVS Ml ]l$ -]lZ {l
]l$]l$ ^la-yl >$ AX-MS--^.
>$, MS{l ]l$l -M>--MSV> E]l MSMS A>$
-P ]l$*. ]l$ ]l-O ]l$]l$ ]l$-{VSV>
A]l$$ ^l MS{l, > {$- l]l* >yl
$-VS$-l$. f, ]l]l-$, -{>-$MS
V>$, - -*-VS--$$ MS*y iG-s
]l l-VS-$.

iG-s B]l--MSl:
$]l B-l ]l$ >-Z MS{l, > Z
AlMS Z-$-. MS{l {$l ^l cen
VAT (MS{l $]l B-l ]l$) -Z M
MS{l ]l$-O]l Al-]l# MStl$ $MS, -b-j-]l$
^la-l$. {$l MS{l $]l B-l ]l$ l-MSZ

-M>-l MS$s *^l-]l$

A]l#s#s

]lyl $MS$$

]l$ ]l ]l$ (i-G--s) $ ]l->-]l$ -MS..

i-G-s ]l$_ ]l$ NV> l-^$.
{sZ, ylh s {sZ-$ El-l$$ ]l]l Z VSV> Es.

i-G-s ]l$yl ~-^l l ]l$_ B* Ell$$ --ZMS ]l.

i-G-s ]l$yl-Z ]lylr y-l$ ]l$
$$ > ]l$^l Es$. ]l$yl-Z $MS$]l ~$ M>-* a-s 75 >l
$$ Bl*--^..

i-G-s A]l$$ {--Ol$]l lls, yl$ ]
l> M>Z ]l A-MSV> ]lt-- ]l$l >$ -_-]l-yl$ B ]lt ^ll$MS$ $-MS$ El ]lZ iG--sMS Al-]lV>
JMS >l ]l$ ^l A]lM- > Er$.

i-G-s A]l$-$ {MS]l$Z >$ >yl
MZ$ *^l-]l$ Es.. ]lt --V> lls
]lyl M>Z ]ll->l, $V Hr 75 >l,
I Hr 50 >l ^l^- l - l] $.

-{sZ-$ El-l$$ $Z VSV> E]l--sMS

l BMS, VSl$-]l$ ltZ E^l$-M M

MSr-W--MS$ -_ ]l$, ]l-O ^l
]l$ {]l*-MS r$ MSs lMS$P-]lV> Ey-
-M>-l MS$s l-.
{]l*-MS, VS$]l r$ Al yl$ -O]l
]l$ r]l$ MS$s $ ^l.
V>$, lyl, ]l{g---$, $-Ol]l >$,
Z-O lMS$P]l ]l$ Ey.
]l$ l B-V> ]l$ r$]l$ ~--

l* MS MSl E]l f -Z Value

{MS-]l$V> A]l$$ ^l$-y-MS
Gs ^l* ^l-rt-l$. MS{l {$l
l]l* >-ylZ VS--$-Ol$]l lVS$Y-l --_.
CMS > Z ^l*... $]l B-l ]l$
>--lZ ]l$-]l#-O ^l S ]l$-O]l ,
l ]l$ {l-MSV> ]l*$ ^l$-$. {$l
> s l-MSZ VSV> ]l$ $-]lO
> s r$ l s (cen VAT) ]l$ MS*y
]l*$ ^l$-$. ]l$O ]l$ ^l l-MS
^l {MS]l$Z ]l$ ]l ]l$ B]l--MSl H-yl.
> Z iG--s {l---st-]l-r-l A ]lO ]l$ ^l A-M> >-MS$ C
Er$. >-MS$ A-M> C-s >gVS
]l l--.

^. MS{l, > {$-$ -MSV> l--MSl l A]l---^lyl > {l-MS-Ol$]l

]l$ r]l$ ~--^.
GVS$-]l$-l$- r$ {lMS BMS ]l$yl-MS
-_ {-VS gZl--Z GVS$-]l$-l$-O
MS*y i sMS ]l A]l$---^. {lMS
BMS ]l$yl ]l$_ l s H-*Z
A]l$-M>-MS$ D {*-f]l MS-^l-]ll$.
A >$, -{-]l$-MS$ -_ {-M>-]l$ f]l-]l 1, 20-00 ]l$_ -$-^l$MS$
. iG-s {l---st]l l>l ]l$

iG--sO G]l--]l$--s

Added Chain]l$

iG-s ]l]l:

]l$ ]l ]l$ $ &-*:

sO Gs ]l$]l$ -^l$. >$

sO $]l B-l ]l$]l$ M]l--W-^l$-M]l^l$a. {-Z M ]l-l-> r$ MS{l
GMSg $M> -$.
JMS ]l$ r$Z $-MS$$, ]l-O MS{l GMSg
$MS, > s, l, , {l, M]l$V$ ]l$- r$ B[M>t$ -W--.
-MS$ $--l--]l$-]l#-l$. ]l$O
]l$ ^l l l*-]l$-]l#-l$.

]l$ ]l ]l$ yl$ $. MS{l {$l

^l {r iG-s JMSs M>V>, y >
$, MS{l l {$ ^l ts iG-s.
l]l*, Acceptability Al A> B-V>
{r, ts iG-s ]l$ r]l$ ~--$.
]l$, ]l-MS$ --_]l A -l--MS$
MS{l iG-s, > iG-s ]l-$. MS{l, >
-Z ]l$ ]l ]l$Z VSV> ]l$-]l#-MS$
-_ HSN ]lY-MS- E-*-W-$. l
VS S--]l$ ltZ E^l$-M Al->j$ l-l$-MS$ A]l$-VS$-V> ]l ]lY-MS-
Er$.
yl$ iG-s ]l*-MS$ -_ A]l--^l
l JMS Er$. ]l$ ]l ]l$]l$ B*
AM-rZ f]l$ ^l$.
MS{l, > iG--s-]l$ l-$V> -VS--$]l
l$]l MS{l iG-s B-V> ^l^l ]l$
llZ Cl-#s sMS {MSyl-s]l$ A]l$-]l$--$.
Cl $-]l*-]l > iG--sMS ]l-$.
MS{l, > iG--s ]l$l Cl-#s sMS]l$ {M>
s-O-g--lMS$ A]l$-]l$ l$.
]l$ ^l-#--$-]lMS$ l B-l Tax Payer
Identification Number]l$ MSs--^$.
Cl$Z 13 ]l$ Es. >-]l$ VS$-^l-yMS yl$ Al-]l# ]l$, MS{l, > iG--s
VS$-^l-y-MS ]l$ Al-]l# ]l$ Es.

]l*$, {-MS l-M> W ^l# lM>-$V> ]l*>a. D {--M> >-MS

MS{l, > {$- ll ]l-^.
S l]l {MS]l$Z ]l$ $]l--# MSs
{lMS >-$ ]l$--]l-l-Ol$-]l-]l MS$s
P. ]l$ $]l---#-MS$ -_
MS{l, > Z E]l$yl g (M>-]l$l
t) Ey- MS$s *_-_.
]l$ $]l--# -$Z MS{l, >
Z --l$-MS$ A]l$-VS$-V> -$-l-Ol$]l
-l Ey- MS$s l-.

iG-s A]l$-$ {lS ]l*$, ]l-l]l

E-- ]l*$ lVS$Y. * l-*-lZ 2 ]l$_ 2.5 >l Al-]l# ]l MS--$.
GVS$-]l$-l$Z MS $-VS$-l 10 ]l$_ 14
>lV> Eyl-VS-l$.
&l--]l M Ayl GMS--$MS a
]l$ > l*, ]l ]l$l ]l$V> #]l@
^l$yl > ]l$ ]l]l-Z --]l*lMS ]l*$-]lMS$ ]l$--]l ]l$ (i-G--s) -l-yl$-l$.
& f$ MSP, 13 BMS $ Al-S$yl$
l>-MS l{l -_]l l>l -
A]l$-ZMS ]l$]l A l S ]l$ iG-s. D
]l$ l--V> JMSs ]l*P-s]l$ {l-$. >-MS$ {*-f-]l-M>-V> Er* l
BMS ]l]l-]l$ ]l$l s-t--$-$.
&A-$--Ogs, MS{l BMS ]l${
l P--Z VSV> iG-s -^l$ MSM>. -l]l$ GMS-]l-$MS * ]l-V> a-l$-l$.
&-_l $]ll, MS-Gi DK
]l$ $l ]l$ ]l Eyll$ M>st lZ
-MSyl l-]l$-]l#-l$. l iyl ]lZ $-VS$l H-yl$-l$.
&MS M>l-, l]l* M>-l
{sZ El-l$$, {l--]l$ iG--sZ VSV>
Eylr B--^l-lVSY -]l$. C r$t-yl
$Z >- --$. AMS r$t-yl$ BMS--MS$ yl-yl$-l$.
&{->l l-yl, yl-s
]l$--]l ]l$ A]l$-ZMS ]l >$ >-yl
MZ-. MS N--Z - ^l^.
&]l$-]l$---]lj, ]lQ-]l${, a-]l$--V>

A]l$$ ll$?
{sZ-$ El-l$$, {l--]l$ iG-s ]l]l-Z VSV>
Eyl-s >$ BS--$-. > -l-$,
t yl*s-]l$ iG-s ]l$_ $]l---^- > {$$ Ml M>V> yl]l*yl ^l$-. D l-lZ
M>l MS$s A-{-*-]l$ BMS ]l${ Ml ]l-
$ -VS--]l-ZMS $-M-MS--]lyl Ml --MS$ ^la
BP E. M >$ >Z$ l]l* ]lt r ]lMS-$-$]l B-]l l-lZ H{ 1, 20-16 ]l$_ l--st]l
iG-s A]l$$ Gl-]l-MS$ M>--]l$-]l#-l$-l-l l.

VS$$ l
yl l 25 l 2014

Telangana History

Groups Guidance
G.G.,
OylMSt, {yll$ Ctr*s,
Ol>.

B ]l*]l-]l#yl il -$..

*yll >$$..

yl> ]l*l$$..
Eyl l yl->$. l-#- ^l-, ^lr$t]l$
Mst-, l]l$ l-.. C A ]l$-MS*
B ">-$' B.

l-V> ^l-{l-&
----l-&--P
]l*]l-]l#yl$ *$O -VSyl ll-$-st
# Il$ S ]l-l->-O. AsZ
B ]l*]l-]l#yl$ ^lr-O]l, >-VS$--Z]l* ]l-^l-yl$. {MS-Z -_]l M>*-MS-*..
l*-l$ l-yl$. ls fl$-]l#-]l$
lsyl s ]l* l-yl$. l--^l$-MS$l-l$MS$ C$, MSr$t-MS$-l-l$MS$ rt$ ]l#.
]l]l-$ As H$sZ ll$.

Bl$-MS ]l*]l-]l#yl ]lMS$

s ]l$_ ls ]lMS$ VSyl-_]l Cl-Z B ]l*]l-]l#yl$
G B-l-]l$ Gl$-P-yl$. $-MS--Ol$]l {MS
{-*-]l$ ^l-^l*->yl$. A k--kMS* >-MSV>, ]l*]l--MSV> Gl$-VS$l* >--]l$ ]l$_
AlMS B--]l$ l*$ ^l$-MS$-yl$. {MS-,
fl$-]l#- >yl _]l-MS$ g-lV> -^yl$. As
B ]l*]l-]l#yl$ ls Bl$-MS ]l*]l-]l#-yl-*yl$. ]l*]l]l
g --]l$-{MS-]l* JMS VSr ]l]l--VS ]l*
Al$Z 59 $-$ ]l$ B]l$ l ]l$_ O MS GVS-MS-y-MS --_]l --]l*-MS --l$.
$W-]l VS-MS il A JMS $-Z VSyl-_-l$.

l-V>--&-]l*-]l-]l#yl B]l-$
B ]l*]l-]l#yl B]l-$ MS-W]l A {`]l {l
l-V> >. CMSPyl B ]l*]l-]l#yl B]l-$ Ayl$-VSyl$-VS$ MS--. JMS-s ]l*]l-]l#-ylMS B--Ol$ l-V> {l. lMSPl u-*-$-Z lV>-Z ]l*]l-]l#yl$ $-V>-yl]l, ls-yl-s-MS
-_ X]l _{$ G MS--. s
VS$_ --^l$-M-]lyl As ]l$]l VS l]l#-M-]lyll$! ]l$]l N-MS$-]l$ ]l$]l ll$-MP-]l-yll$.

lV>..
ll l-V> > VS]l$- ]l*]l-]l#yl MSl-MS$ ]lyl$ l-$V> MS--$-.
l >--VSZ ]l--_]l ]l*]l-]l#-yl l$V>-l
(Megaliths) ]l*]l-]l#-yl As$. D ]l*]l-]l#yl$
>l-N--MSV> ]l$]lMS$ $W-a]l B]l--$ ]l#.
M> B M># B-$, G]l-MS$, B--$,
]l$$, _{$ (VS$-Z X_-]l-) ]l*{l As
B ]l*]l-]l#yl i]l--MS S-*--$V> lsMS _
E. r--s l-MS- ]l$]lMS$ A-_]l
BVS-yl$, ^l{l N-VS -]l$-$yl$
(Father of Pre Historical Period in India)

>t {*-Ns. D M>Z ]l$ E-*-W_]l -]l-r]l$ l$V>-l As$. C l-r$V>

l-> VS# _]l ]l*]l-]l#$ l]l$ $f

-$ fl$-]l#-]l$ ls-yl-l$MS$ $-&-A$$ E-*-W-^$. MS -_ V>zl O^lz
l]l {VSl-Ol$]l Man makes HimselfZ.. ""-]l$-
MS]l$-MP]l lrt-l-ls ${l -'' A P$.

>$$ AlMS l]l-M>Z -M>. MS{-]l$ ls

>]l$ >-yl_ ]l$ MS]l$-V-]l l-V>--Z
]l*]l-]l#yl M>]lyl . >t {*-Ns
C_a]l ]l*-^ {M> Er*-$-Z *yll
>$$ (Ash Mounds) llr yl VS$$. lZ A Ar$-MS$r*, >-ylMS VS$O *yll >$-$V>
$W-. sMS {s ]lh$ A-M>-$$ $]l -S$ MS*y --^$.

*yll >$$ G H-yz?

r ]lQ-Ol$-]l. D {Z AsZ E-*-W_]l > -]lr$, ]l$rZ M>a]l ]l$st--{l-$-&-sO l]l ylOg-]l-]l$ ^l*y^l$a. ]l, $]l-]l-W--l$rtZ ]l]l --VS# _l$ (G-l-]l, ]l l$$) $-r--yz. {]l*- ]l$-$Z B ]l*]l]l#yl$ s-OMS GMSP l--^l$-MS$-l-yl$. Cs _l$
CM> VPyl Mr, --l MrZ MS*y MS-. Q]l$ hZ Il$ ^r, $]l-]l-W-Z yl$
^r ]l]l --VS# ]l$-]l#$ -^. $]l-]lW {lZ HMSV> ]l]l --VS# {V>]l$l$
l]l-M>Z $-r--yl.

l >--VS# {l->$

l-V>-Z $-r--yl]l *yll >$-O -Z-l]l

^l]l ]l$ {s >-ll G.B.Bal. B$]l
l-V> {lZ l >--VS#
A-{$ {M> *yll >$$
{l->$ ^ E. Q]l$
AlMS A^l-$V> E. A
h-Z {-^l--MS 40
E]l {l->Z llsZ $-]l#Ol$ l*Z B ]l*]l-]l#]l$ MSst E^$. s
ylMS ^l]l 35 M> yl]l$ JMS ^r r-l-V>-Z JMS-yl$
]lr$ 50 VSg l$
VS$V> l>$. B ]l*]l]l--_]l ]l*]l-]l#-ylMS H
l]l-M>Z -M>.
]l#$ B {l ]l$_
$ st? Al]l$ D {-MS H
{- O]l$l
l-r-yl$ yl--VS$y HMSV> D 50
]l$ lVS---st-$.
l*--> ]l$_ ]l^ayl$? A$ Al-lVSg {l->
C H-yl]l *yll
]l$? Al >-MS H$s? Al
"l >--VS#
>$ l]l-M>Z
-]lr -{-]l$$-r--yz.
#{ H$s.. Al$-Z ${ H$s?
'V> A-]l-~-^$.
sO l-MS$y A]l-V>-]l

B ]l*]l-]l#yl$ yl---^l$-M-]lyl
-]l$ M>ayl, l>l

B--l
hB {l ]l$_ lMS {lZ]l* l >-A]l-...
>-MS lyl ]ls --]l*VS# ]l*]l-]l#-ylMS ^l]l
]l$ -- $l$-]l#$ ]l*-]lB->$ -^. Ol->yl$ $-]l#- ]l$]l$-$$ ]l$
-lMS$ 50 MS.$. l*Z E]l >^l^r$MS$ l--l--- l$-. $-]l# ]l$lMyl VS$rtZ B ]l*]l-]l#yl MS i]l]l MS-]l$ JMS {l ]l$_ ]l$ {-MS $-MS--r$. CMSPyl VS$Z l H MSlr B ]l*]l-]l#$
yl$ El-$, MS-M>-yl$ --^l-$. D
X]l G$# VS$ ]l~ _{$, R-_-{$ A$A-r$ -$ VSyl-_ lsMS {--$V>
--$-. B$-VS$$ ]lMS$$ l]l$ ]ll E]l M]l--VS$-. l-V>-Z C-sMS $-]l#-]l$
# ls-yl$-l$-]lr$ _{l-M>-$yl$ X>yl$.
V-*, B>-* "-l-' Al El- f$-#l-V>-Z B ]l*]l-]l#yl _{l-MS-MS$ C l-]l.
M-]lyl MS l-]l.

]l$l >--VS& Ol${M-l

]l$l >-VS As ]l$]lMS$ rMS$P]l VS$$-M-^la

. D ]l$ ]l$l >--VS-Zl MS]l$-V-$.
D VS-Zl fl$-]l#-]l$ MS*y ]l$_aMS ^l$-MS$$. B-P--MS$, fl$-]l# ]l$_a-MSMS$ lVSY
--$-. ^lMS$-]lMS > >-yl
#st. B ^l-M>-Z l^la-l]l MS-W-$-l,
l]l ]ll lVS-yl$$ Es Ar fl$-]l#$ $-yl--$ B ]l*]l-]l#yl$ l$-$-MS$-yl$. `MSsZ
l$-l$-$]l$ C$-l {VS-^yl$. Z
]l*, l$$ M>$a-M ]lyl {--^yl$.

#r$t-MSMS$ S
l ll-$l ]l$ MS]l$-V]l B]l-$ lrt-ll-rV> >t {*-Ns l-V> {l-Zl MS]l$V-$. ]lQV> ]l$-*--]l-VS h-Z Er*$Z ]l$ ]l$yl-_]l l>l $W-]l *yll

Er*-$Z $-r--yl]l *yl-l->-$ > yl$

-*-]l$ l$-$-M-]l^l$a. A 1. ]l*]l-]l#yl$
]l$ MS]l$-V-]lyl. 2. $-]l#-]l$ ]l$_aMS ^l$-M,
sO B--yl i-^lyl. ]l$MS E--
H$-rs.. lsMS l-V> {lZ r ]l*
yl f-W]l l>l Z $W-]l l$$-]l$ lVS--yl-$. A ]ls *yl-l ]l*-. -ll->-MS > l$VS$ ]l M {Z
]l$-*--]l-VS h Er*$ Eylr V ElV> MS-W-. ]l$l >--VSZ ]l*]l-]l#yl$
_]l-_]l > -MS->$ (-^l$a-$& > yl$-$)
E-*-W-^yl$. s JMS {l ]l$_ ]l$
{-MS lV>Y $-MS--yl$.

]l]l -VS
l-V> {lZ ]l]l --V>-MS ^l]l
^ {l->$ MS--. sZ ]l, -g-

l-V>-Z Z-VS (l$-r Hg)

]l*]l-]l#yl$ llr yl]l Z >W (M>--). D
>W M>-MS ^l]l JMS MS Q]l$ h-Z MS*$Z -MS. l ll-$l D {lZ
]l*{ll$ >W MS -_.

l -VS
l >--VS# ]l*]l-]l#yl$ l-l >]l$ E-*W_, i]l]l W-^l--yl-]l l-l. ]l]l VS _]l l --V> l-V>
{lZ ]l$]l ^l*y^l$a. A-l ]l-*-M>-#
yl->-]l$ ^l--]l ]l*-l$-O E^l$.
^l--]l ]l$- >-st yl ]l$l E^l-$.
D > stZ ]l$ E-*-W-_]l G$-#-&-]l-$#
_{$, ^MS$$, $, B--$ E_ O]l ]l$
> -MS ]l-$. MSP]l a]l > -MSZ
JMS MS {l ^l>$. C E^l-y-MS M>..
$> Al Bl ^leV> $r W, ]l$ Z-MS
]l_a -Z {l--$-ll ]l]l$MS M>]l^l$a. D st
]ls $VS$ -MS > yl]l$ t (Sist)
As$. D > s-MSO JMS l ]l-*-M>-# yl>- yl-$. sl >SVS$$ yl]l VS$$
A As$. M > ]l*-l$-O ]lyl$ r]l$
$-Ol]l >]l$ MS*y rtyl Ba MS-W-$.
Cs ]l$$ ^l-l$MS$ A]l---Ol$]l l $l
As ]l$]l$-$ l!

l --VS# B]l-$
lS -l-l ll-$l l --VS# ]l*-M>-# yl->$ JMSP l-V> {l-Zl
GMS$P-]lV> MS--. C ]lQV> Myl$, VS$rtZ
{l-MSV> MS--.

l$y Os Al >-ll ]lYyl h Ps
]ll l$ QZ >S--VS$-]l$ MS]l$-V-yl$. g]l*-l l*$ M]l ]l$_ l-V> Als D
l >SVS$$ MS--.

]l$, _l-V>, y-MS, ]l*]l$-Mr, >$-W,
]l, -]l-VS, VS-r, -g-r, Os-MSs, MS-]l-VS--Z l*-MS-rtZ ]l-*-M>-# ll yl->$ {l-MSV> MS--. s >S-VS$-$V> ^l^l$a. s-MSl ]l*]l-]l#yl$ yl]l
]l$-]l#- r$, A--f MS_a-lV> S-Ol$
Er$.

VS$$ l
yl l 25 l 2014

Competitive Guidance

Smoking is pernicious to health

K. LALITHA BAI
Associate Professor,
English, Hyderabad.

The foremost requisite of language development is vocabulary. Candidates attempting

various competitive examinations are required
to learn new words from various sources like
newspapers, magazines, and books. Building
good vocabulary is a need of every competitive exam. Memorization of words, proper
understanding and usage in different contexts
is essential to secure good scores in this section. The questions on Synonyms, Antonyms,
One word substitution, and Idioms and
Phrases can be answered easily if one builds
up a rich stock of vocabulary. In this session
let us get familiarized with a set of words
starting with P.

palatial: Magnificent

palliate: Lessen the severity of

palpability:Can be felt, touched, understood

palpitate: Tremble, beat rapidly and irregularly

panegyric: Formal praise, eulogy

Panacea: A remedy or medicine proposed
for or professing to cure all diseases.

Paroxysm: A sudden outburst of any kind of
activity.

paradigm: a model, example, or pattern

parsimonious: Too economical, miserly

partisan: One-sided, committed to a party,
biased or prejudiced

patron: Regular customer; person who
gives support

paucity: Scarcity, a lacking of

peccadillo-small sin; small weakness in
one's character

pedantic-bookish, showing off learning

pedestrian: Commonplace, trite, unremarkable

pellucid: Transparent, easy to understand

penchant: Strong inclination, a liking

penitent: Feeling or showing regret

penury: Extreme poverty

peregrination: Travelling about, wandering

peremptory-urgent, imperative, unchallengeable, ending debate

perennial: Lasting for a long time

perfidious: Treacherous, faithless

perfunctory-done as a duty without care

perilous: Dangerous
peripatetic: Wandering
perish: Be destroyed; decay
perjury: Willful false statement, unlawful
act
permeate: Spread into every part of
pernicious: Harmful, injurious
perpetrate: Be guilty; commit
persevere: Keep on steadily, continue
personable: Pleasing in appearance, attractive
perspicacity: Quick judging and understanding
pertain: Belong as a part, have reference
pest: Destructive thing or a person who is
nuisance
petrify: To make hard, rocklike
petulant: Unreasonably impatient
philistine: a smug ignorant person; one who
lacks knowledge
phlegmatic: Calm, sluggish temperament;
unemotional
picaresque: Involving clever rogues or
adventurers
pied: Of mixed colors
pious: Dutiful to parents; devoted to religion
piquant: Agreeably pungent, stimulating
pique: Hurt the pride or self-respect, stir
(curiosity)
pitfall: Covered hole as a trap, unsuspected
danger
pith: Essential part, force, soft liquid substance
pivotal: Of great importance
placate: Soothe, pacify, calm
plaintive: Mournful, melancholy, sorrowful
plaque: Flat metal on a wall as a memorial
platitude: a trite or banal statement; unoriginality
plea: Request
plead: Address a court of law as an advocate
plethora: Glut, excess
pliant: Pliable,easily bent,shaped or twisted
plod: Continue doing something without
resting

PRACTICE TESTS
Directions (Q. 1-05): Choose the word which
is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the
word printed in capital.
1. PROTAGONIST
1) Prophet 2) Convert 3) Explorer
4) Champion 5) Antagonist
2. PLACATE
1) pacify
2) please
3) pleasure
4) pressure 5) spices
3. PRECLUDE
1) dangerous 2) dodging 3) hearty
4) prevent
5) detesting
4. PROFANE
1) pious
2) blasphemous
3) sacred
4) respect
5) beneficial
5. PRODIGIOUS
1) average 2) ordinary 3) normal
4) regular
5) impressive

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.
Directions (Q. 06-15): Choose the word
which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to

Banks English

the word printed in bold as given in the

sentence.
We can add some hot spices to make the
curry more palatable.
1) delicious 2) delicate 3) delirious
4) dialect
5) detectable
Smoking is pernicious to health.
1) ruinous
2) harmless 3) safety
4) protection 5) benefit
I hate being with pompous families.
1) modest
2) majestic 3) magical
4) mysterious
5) mystical
Farmers are now adapting to the prolific
harvest.
1) Sterile
2) Resistance 3) Resistant
4) Resolute 5) Productive
He carried a ponderous burden on his
back.
1) hefty
2) stock
3) pile
4) piquant
5) bland
His economic philosophy is a good one,
but he tries to use it as a panacea.
1) portion
2) position 3) potion

plumb: Get to the root of

plummet: Fall, plunge, steeply
plunge: Move quickly, suddenly and with
force
poignant: Deeply moving; keen
poise: Be ready, be balanced, self-possession
polemical: Controversial, argued
ponderous: Heavy, bulky, dull
portent: Omen; marvelous; threatening
poseur: Someone taking on airs to impress
others; a phony
posture: State, attitude; adopt a vain
poverty: State of being poor
pragmatic: Practical, favoring utility
precarious: Uncertain, risky, dangerous
precept: Moral instruction precepts-rules
establishing standards of conduct
precipitate: Throw something violently
down from a height
preclude: Prevent, make impossible
precursory: Preliminary, anticipating
predilection-special liking, mental preference
predominate: Have more power than others
preempt: Obtain by preemption or in
advance
premature: Doing or happening something
before the right time
preponderance: Greatness in number,
strength, weight
presage: Warning sign
preternatural: Not normal or usual
prevalent: Common
prevaricate: To equivocate, to stray from

4) Persian
5) posit
12. Zakir died five years later in penury and
exile.
1) indigence
2) intelligence
3) indigenous
4) industrious
5) indolent
13. Despite a paucity of evidence, it could be
a generational thing.
1) sparse
2) scarcity 3) spare
4) standby 5) stampede
14. He held a precarious tenure under an
arbitrary administration.
1) stab
2) snub
3) shaky
4) stub
5) stump
15. She had prim views on religion.
1) prune
2) prudish
3) prime
4) prick
5) pristine
Directions (Q. 16-20): Choose the word
which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning
to the word printed in capital.
16. PALATIAL
1) miserable 2) mystery 3) lavish

the truth
prim: Neat; formal
pristine: Primitive, unspoiled, pure, as in
earlier times, unadulterated
probity: Uprightness, incorruptibility, principle
proclivity-inclination
procrastination-keeping on putting off
prodigal: Wasteful, reckless with money
prodigious: Enormous, wonderful
profane: Worldly, having contempt for God
profligate: Wasteful, prodigal, licentious,
extravagant
profundity: Depth
proliferate: Grow, reproduce by rapid multiplication
prolix: Tiring because too long
prone: inclined to
propagation: Increasing the number,
spreading, extending
propinquity: Nearness in time or place,
affinity of nature
propitiate: Do something to take away the
anger of
propitiatory: Conciliatory, appeasing, mitigating
propitious: Auspicious, presenting favorable circumstances
prosaic: Everyday, mundane, commonplace, trite
proscribe: Denounce as dangerous
protracted: Prolonged
provident: Frugal; looking to the future
provisional: Of the present time only
provoke: Make angry
prudence: Careful forethought
prudish: Easily shocked, excessively modest
prune: Dried plum, silly person
pry: inquire too curiously
pugnacious: Fond of, in the habit of fighting
punctilious: Precise, paying attention to
trivialities
pungency: Sharpness; stinging quality
purvey: Provide, supply
pusillanimous: Cowardly, craven

4) grand
5) grandeur
17. PENITENT
1) remorseful
2) regretful
3) repentant
4) rueful
5) unashamed
18. PRISTINE
1) affected
2) immaculate
3) sterilized
4) taintless
5) pure
19. PRY
1) ignore
2) inquire
3) investigate
4) intrude
5) stare
20. POLEMICAL
1) combative
2) contentious
3) contrary
4) compliant
5) contrastive

1) 4
6) 1
11) 3
16) 1

2) 1
7) 1
12) 1
17) 5

ANSWERS:
3) 4
4) 2
8) 2
9) 5
13) 2
14) 3
18) 1
19) 1

5) 5
10) 1
15) 2
20) 4

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Current Affairs

Competitive Guidance

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