Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time
Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time
Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time
t c= ln
Pi
k
k +1
ln
Pa
k1
2
( )(
v=
Z=
k +1
k +1 2( k 1 )
2
c A th C d
c=
) (
( )
Z k RT
MW
1
[ (
1+
)]
[ (
f L
f L
+a3 log 10
D
D
)]
[ (
+a 4 log10
1
1 2
1
+25 . 680
38 . 409
Ar
Ar
Ar
( )
a1 =1 . 03195 . 2735
( )
1
1 2
1
+56 .772
88 . 351
Ar
Ar
Ar
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
a 4 =0 . 054856+2 .6258
8 . 9593
+12. 139
Ar
Ar
Ar
( )
A r=
)]
( )
1
1
1
a2 =0 . 26994+17 . 304
86 . 415
+144 . 77
Ar
Ar
Ar
( )
( )
f L
D
( )
( )
Ap
A thCd
Note:
The polynomials for the coefficients (a1, a2, a3, a4) are valid only for 3 < Ar < 30 and should
not be used outside this range.
Pc
k
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
ts
0.5645
0.5549
0.5457
0.5368
0.5283
0.52
0.512
0.5042
0.4968
t tot =( t c +t s ) V C f
0.7371
0.7605
0.7833
0.8058
0.8278
0.8495
0.8707
0.8916
0.9122
where:
tc =
Pi =
Pa =
k=
V =
f=
L=
D=
Ar =
Ap =
Ath =
V=
c=
Z=
SG =
T=
R=
MW =
Cf =
Cd =
Ath*Cd =
Pc =
2
Pc=
k +1
( )
ts =
ttot =
k
( k 1)
f
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.018
0.017
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.011
Example Calculation:
Estimate the total blowdown time for a 25 km, 36" STD pipeline which contains natural
gas at 6000 kPa(abs) and 10C. The gas has a specific gravity of 0.6.
The blowdown valve is a 8" full bore valve on a 8" blowdown line
The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa(abs).
Inputs
Pi =
Pa =
k=
Cd =
D=
T=
SG =
f=
BDV size =
L=
ts =
Calculations
Z=
MW =
V=
c=
Ath =
Ap =
Ar =
tc =
V =
a1 =
a2 =
a3 =
a4 =
Cf =
ttot =
Losses
ttot =
Prepared by:
Email:
6000
100
1.3
0.85
0.895
10
0.6
0.011
8
25000
0.7833
kPa(abs)
kPa(abs)
input from external source
m
C
inch
m
0.87
17.4
15728.1 m3
390.4 m/s
0.031 m2
0.629
23.6
3.49
2578.0
0.8514
0.3229
-0.1991
0.04138464
1.06
11669.7
1.05
12253.2
204.2
m2
seconds
seconds
seconds
minutes
Ankur Srivastava
Chemical Engineer
ankur_2061@hotmail.com
Mass Flow Rate for Gas Pipeline Blowdown through Hole or Orifice
Notes:
1. The depressuring or blowdown is assumed to be adiabatic and the heat
exchange with the environment is neglected.
Sonic or Choked Release Rate (ms), kg/s
If the pressure ratio (Pa/Pi) is less then or equal to the critical pressure ratio (Pc) then the
flow is sonic or choked and the mass flow rate through the hole or orifice can be calculated
from:
2
m s =C d A th iPi k
k +1
where:
Pa =
Pi =
ms =
Cd =
( )
k +1
k1
Ath =
i =
T=
MW =
Z=
SG =
k=
i=
P i MW
8314T Z
Inputs
Pi =
k=
Cd =
T=
SG =
Hole/ Orifice Size =
Z=
Calculations
MW =
i =
Ath =
ms =
6.00E+06 Pa (abs)
1.3
0.62
10
0.6
2 inch
0.87
17.4
50.9 kg/m3
0.00203 m2
14.65 kg/s
2
m ss =C d A th i Pik
k +1
where:
mss =
P
= a
Pi
( )
1
k
P
1 a
Pi
Inputs
Pa =
k=
Cd =
T=
SG =
Hole/ Orifice Size =
Z=
Psc =
Calculations
MW =
Pi =
=
i =
Ath =
mss =
( )
k +1
k 1
( )
k 1
k
2
k+1
k1
2
1.00E+05 Pa (abs)
1.3
0.62
10 C
0.6
2 inch
1
0.5555
17.4
1.80E+05 Pa (abs)
0.99978
1.3 kg/m3
0.00203 m2
0.41 kg/s
)( )
k +1
k 1
gh Hole or Orifice
ce can be calculated
calculated from: