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PERMUTATION & COMBINATION
By:- Nishant Gupta

For any help contact:

9953168795, 9268789880

PERMUTATION & COMBINATION

Permutation :

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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Each of arrangement which can be made by some or all of a number of things i.e. in this case order in
which we put things matters. Like (1,2,3) 123, 132, 213, 231, 312, 321
Combination :
Here order doesnt matter. It means number of ways of choosing r things out of given things

n!
n r !

Number of permutations of taking r of n is

Pr

While combination is

Cr

( n C r is also represented as C r or C ( n,r)

n!
n r ! r !

Some important relations

n

C r n C r 1

n 1

C r 1

C1 + C2 + + Cn= 2n -1

n
n

Cr

C r 1

n 1 r
,
r

Co + C2 + C4 + =

Cr =

n n 1
C r 1
r

C1 + C3 + C5 + = 2n-1

Counting formula :-No. of ways of dividing n identical things among r

persons, each can receive none or any no. of things is

n r 1

In above if each gets at least one then

n 1

Coefficient of x r

in

C r 1
n r 1

( 1-x )- n is

No. of ways in which n things can be arranged in row is

In circular arrangement

Arranging n objects along a circle when clock & anticlockwise are

considered alike is ( like neckless of n beads )

C r 1

C n 1

n!
(n 1) !
(n 1) !

No. of hand shakes of n people each shakes hand with all others

No. of lines formed by n points of which m are collinear is

C2 m C2 1

No. of s in above case is

C3 m C3

No. of diagonals in n sided polygon

C2 n =

No. of rectangles by two sets of | | lines having n & m lines

C 2 m C 2

If 2m things are equally divided between two groups

( Order not important ) then number of ways

C2

n n 3
2

2m!
m! m!2!

If 2m things are equally divided between two groups

( Order important ) then number of ways

2m!
2! =
m! m!2!

2m!
m! m!

No. of ways of dividing n + m + r things into groups

( Order not important ) containing n,m,r things is

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

n m r !
m! n! r!

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No. of ways of dividing n + m + r things into persons containing n,m,r things is

If n m different things are equally divided m groups then number of ways

mn ! 1
n!m m!

n m r ! X 3!
m! n! r!

( if order of group is not important)

mn ! ( if order of group is important)

n!m

Number of de-arrangements ( i.e. number of ways n things

can be arranged such that none is at the place assigned to it )

n! (

1 1 1
1
...... )
2! 3! 4
n!

Restricted Permutations
No. of ways of n different objects taken r at a time in which m objects are always
(i) Excluded is

n m

Pr or

n m

(ii) Included

Cr

n m

Pr m X

Pm

Number and Sum of divisors of a given number :First write the given number as product of prime numbers. Let it be

P1R .P2S........PnZ

No. of divisors = (R+1) (S+1)(Z+1) = N ( say )

For number of proper divisors subtract 2 from N

P1R 1 1 P1S1 1
P Z1 1

.......... n
P1 1
P2 1
Pn 1

(i) Sum of divisors is

(ii) To get number of odd divisors apply (i) for odd factors
(iii) To get number of even divisors

N minus odd divisors

Sum of numbers formed by taking all the given n digits

= (sum of digits) x (n-1) ! (111 n times).
Sum of digits at any of particular places ( unit , ten etc ) formed by taking all the given n digits
= (sum of digits) x (n-1) !
No. of possible selections of n + m + r things of which n are all alike & so are m & r is
((n + 1) ( m + 1) (r + 1) 1
Exponent of any number ( say x ) in y !

y y y
x 2 3 ..... ,
x x

[ . ] is Greatest integer function

No. of ways in which n things of which p, q, r are alike of one, second & third kind is n!/(p! q! r!)
No. of ways in which m (one type of different) things & n (another type of different) things can be
arranged in a row s.t. all the things of second type come together is n! (m + 1) !
In case of row already having n things there are n + 1 alternate places
In case of circle already having n things there are n alternate places

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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NOTE : Always be careful in ALL ARE NOT TOGETHER & NO TWO ARE TOGETHER

3.

14

C7

17i

C6

r 1

(a)

16

C7

(b)

17

C7

(c)

17

C8

(d)

16

C8

(b)

99

4.

5.

Assignment
1.

2.

95 C 4
(a)

99

(c)

100

100 j

C3

j1

C5

(d) N/T

C4

If (15 C r 15 C r 1 )( 15 C15r 15 C16r ) (16 C13 ) 2

then r is
(a) 3

(b) 2

(c) 4

(d) None.

If a and b are the greatest values of

2n 1C respectively. Then :
r
(a) a = 2b

(b) 2a = b

(c) a = b

(d) N/T.

7.
2nC

and

C x 1 2

Smallest x satisfying

10

(a) 7

(b) 10

(c) 9
6.

C4

10

C x is

(d) 8

If C r C 3 C 2 then r
8

(a) 2 or 6

(b) 3 or 5

(c) 3 or 4

(d) 4 or 5

The number of positive integers satisfying the

inequality n 1 Cn 2 n + 1 C n 1 100 is :
(a) 9

(b) 5

(c) 8

(d) N/T

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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8.

9.

10.

Least value of n such that C(n, 5) + C( n, 6) >

C(n +1, 5)
(a) 10

(b) 12

(c) 13

(d) 11

Tn is number of s formed using vertices of n

sided polygon of. If Tn+1 Tn = 21 then n is
(a) 5

(b) 7

(c) 6

(d) 4

There are 20 pt. in a plane of which no three

except 7 are collinear. No. of s there can be
formed using these pts. are vertices is
(a)
(c)

11.

12.

72

C4

13

(a)

32

(c)

22

15.

16.

22

C 3 10 C 3

(d) N/T

In how many ways can a football team of 11

players be selected from 16 players so as to
exclude 2 particular players
16

C9

18.

19.

20.

C 3 10 C 3

(b)

21.

(b) 264
(d) N/T

22.

No. of 4 digit no. made with 1,2,..,5 s.t atleast

2 digits identical
(a) 45 5!

(b) 505

(c) 600

(d) N/T

23.

No. of 5 digit no. when no two consecutive

digits are identical
(a) 92 x 83

(b) 9 x 84

(c) 95

(d) 8 x 94

A convex polygon of n sides has twice as

many diagonals as the number of sides. The
value of n is

(c) 4!

(d) N/T

Number of three digit odd numbers using

{1,2,3,7,4,5,6 }
(c) 120

(d) N/T

C3

(b) 4 C 2 4 C 2 x 4!

(a) 196

C3 7 C3

C3 7 C3

(c) 364

14.

17

There are 22 pt. in a plane of which no three

except 10 are collinear. No. of s there can be
formed using these pts. are vertices is

(a)
13.

(b)

17.

(a) 4 P2 4 P2

24.

(b) 60
(d) 1

There are 4 oranges, 5 apples & 3 mangoes.

Number of ways of making selections of fruits
(a) 210

(b) 119

(c) 209

(d) 920

8 identical coins are arranged in a row,

number of ways these show equal number of
heads & tails is
(a) 70

(b) 120

(c) 72

(d) 40

How many words can be made from the

letters of the word DELHI, if L comes in the
middle in every word?
(a) 60

(b) 24

(c) 12

(d) 6

Ways of arranging 5 players to throw cricket

ball so that youngest may not throw first is
(a) 119

(b) 95

(c) 24

(d) 96

Number of 5 digit number consisting of

different odd digits & not divisible by 5
(a) 2500

(b) 24

(c) 96

(d) 120

Number of six digit numbers formed from the

digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 so that digits do not
repeat and the terminal digits are even, is
(a) 288

(b) 720

(c) 144

(d) 72

No. of ways in which 5 letters can be posted

in 10 letter boxes

(a) 5

(b) 6

(a) 510

(b)

(c) 7

(d) 8.

(c) 105

(d) N/T

Number of ways in which 5 persons including

a sardar can be arranged in a row so that the
sardar is always in the middle

25.

10

P5

No. of ways of arranging letters of word

NINETEEN such that no two Es are together

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(a)

81
(3! )

(c)
26.

5! 6
C3
3!

10!
6 !4 !

(c) 7 C 4

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

(d) N/T

34.

(b) 6 !
(d) N/T

35.

20 persons are to be sitted around a circular

table out of these 20 two are brothers. Then
number of arrangement in which their will be
exactly 3 persons between two brothers is
(a) 19C3 x 16! x 5!

28.

(c) 144

5! 8
C3
3!

Number of ways of arranging six + & 4

signs can be arranged in a row so that no two
signs are together
(a)

27.

(b)

(b)

36.

19!
3!2!

(d) 72

A person can select atleast one & atmost n

coins from 2n + 1 (distinct) coins in 255 ways,
n is equal to
(a) 4

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 3

Number of 4 digit numbers divisible by 4 can

be formed using {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(a) 24

(b) 30

(c) 125

(d) N/T

No. of ways in which 9 different pearls can be

arranged to form a necklace so that 4
particular pearls cant be separated is
(a) ! 5 ! 5

(b) 1440

(c) 9!/4!

(d) N/T

No. of numbers formed by 1,2,3,4,3,2,1 such

that odd digits are at odd place is

(c) 18C3 x 3! x 2! x 15! (d) N/T

(a) 430

(b) 36

From two sets of || lines consisting of 6 & 7

lines, no. of possible rectangles using these

(c) 18

(d) N/T

(a) 6 C 2 7 P2

(b)

(c) 6 P2 7 P2

(d) N/T

13

37.

C4

There are 2 points on a line, 3 points on

another line and 4 points on yet another line.
The total number of triangles that can be
formed by joining these points, is
(a) 30

(b) 205

(c) 79

(d) 85

38.

39.

Number of words using letters of ALGEBRA

so that relative order of vowels & consonants
do not change
(a) 90

(b) 120

(c) 96

(d) 240

Given line segments of lengths

units. Number of s formed is
(a) 5C3

(b) 17

(c) 18

(d) 19

40.
2,3,4,5,6,7

Number of six digit numbers formed from

digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 so that digits do not
repeat and terminal digits are even, is
(a) 288

(b) 720

41.

Number of words of letters of BANANA in

which two Ns do not appear adjacently is :
(a) 40

(b) 60

(c) 80

(d) 100

Number of arrangements of letters of word

BANANA in which all A appear adjacently is
(a) 24

(b) 20

(c) 12

(d) 100

The number of arrangements of the letters of

the word BANANA in which no two As
appear adjacently is :
(a) 48

(b) 60

(c) 12

(d) 36

Ways in which the letters of the word

QUADRATIC can be arranged so that no two
vowels & no two consonants are together, is
(a) 5! 4!

(b) 2X5!4!

(c) 12X5!

(d) 6 C 4 5!4! /2

There are (n + 1) white and (n + 1) black balls

each set numbered 1 to n + 1. The number of
ways the balls can be arranged in a row so
that adjacent balls are of different colours is :

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42.

43.

44.

(a) [ (n + 1) !]2

(b) 2 (2n !)

(c) 2 [ (n + 1) ! ]

(d) 2 [(n + 1) !]2

Sum of all the numbers formed by 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

using all at a time
(a) 6666600

(b) 6666000

(c) 5666600

(d) N/T

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

54.

Sum of all the numbers at hundreds place

formed by 1, 3, 5, 7using all at a time
(a) 96000

(b) 960

(c) 96

(d) N/T

In a paper there are 10 true false questions

no. of ways in which these can be answered
(a) 210

(b) 210 1

(c)

(d) N/T

10

P2

In a question paper there are 20 questions

each with an alternate, no. of ways in which a
student can attempt atleast one question
(a) 210
(c)

55.

29

+ 10

(b) 210 - 1
(d) N/T

Number of even divisors of 3600 is

No. of ways in which 200 things can be

divided into 50 sets, each of 4 things

(a) 5

(a)

(c) 36
45.

53.

(b) 18
(d) N/T
(b) 18

(c) 9

(d) N/T

Sum of all divisors of 4500 is

(a) 3 x 4 x 31

(b) 7 x 13 x 156

(c) 7 x 13 x 124

(d) N/T

The number of divisors of 1008 of the form

4n + 2 (n 0, n N), is
(a) 5

(b) 6

(c) 11

(d) 7

(c)

(b) 22

(c) 25

(d) N/T

200!
50!

(b)

200!
4 50

(d) N/T

DISTRIBUTION OF IDENTICAL THINGS

56.

57.

Index of highest power of 3 in 50!

(a) 16

50

4 50!

Number of odd divisors of 3600 is

(a) 45

200!

58.

Ways of setting a 40 marks paper consisting

of 12 questions of not less than 2 marks
(a) 27C16

(b) 27C13

(c) 27C14

(d) 27C12

No. of ways to give 20 apples to 3 boys, each

receiving at least 4 apples is
(a)

10

C8

(b) 90

(c)

22

C2

(d) N/T

Number of ways of selecting 12 balls from

unlimited Red, white & pink balls

No. of zeros at the end of 200 ! is

(a) 54

(b) 55

(a) 49

(b) 50

(c) 91

(d) N/T

(c) 51

(d) N/T

59.

Sum of all no. greater than 2000 formed by

2,3,4,5 is
(a) 93324

(b) 96324

(c) 92324

(d) N/T

No. of non negative integral solutions of

x1 + x2 + x3 = 15 is
(a) 134

(b) 135

(c) 136

(d) N/T

Exponent of 4 in 200! Is

If x 0, y 1, z 2 then x + y + z = 15 has
ordered soln. (x, y, z) where x,y,z W

(a) 63

(b) 64

(a) 91

(b) 455

(c) 65

(d) 80

(c)

(d) N/T

Total no. of 7 digit numbers the sum of whose

digits is even is
(a) 9 x 106

(b) 45 x 105

(c) 81 x 105

(d) N/T

60.

61.

17

C15

The number of integral solutions to the

equation 2x + y + z = 20 ; x, y, z 0 is :
(a) 121

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

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(b) 120

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(c) 131
62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

The number of integral solutions of the

system of equations t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5 = 20
and t1 + t2 + t3 = 5 where tk 0 is:
(a) 211

(b) 336

(c) 331

(d) 241

Number of integral
15< a +b+c 20

(b) 685

(c) 1025

(d) N/T

(a) 9

(b) 44

(c) 16

(d) N/T

of

72.

73.

Number of ways of dividing 15 men & 15

women in 15 couples such that each pair has
a man & a woman is
(a) 1240

(b) 1225

(c) 30!/ 15!x15!

(d) N/T

74.

A dice is thrown three times then number of

ways of getting a sum of 8 is

(a) 50

(b) 84

(c) 126

(d) N/T

75.

76.

Number of ways of giving 16 different things

to 3 persons according as A< B < C so that B
gets 1 more than A & C 2 more than B is

16!
(a)
4!5!7!

(b) 4!5!7!

16!
3!5!8!

(d) N/T.

1
i 1

is equal to

j 1 k 1

(a) 106

(b) 96

(c) 90

(d) N/T

2,6 letter are to be posted in 3 boxes , ways of

posting if no box remains empty , is
(a) 270

(b) 540

(c) 537

(d) 533

H.C.F of n!, (n+1)!, (n+2)! Is

(a) n!

(b) (n+2)!

(c) n

(d) N/T

10 bags have21, 22,,30 different things resp.

No. of ways of taking 10 things from a bag is
(a)

31

(c)

31

77.

78.

(b)

C 20

C 20

21

C10

31

C 21

(d) N/T

Number of, ways of painting the faces of a

dice numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6 with six different
colours, is
(c)

(b) 18
(d) N/T

Maximum number of point of intersection of 7

st. lines & 5 circles if 3 lines are parallel & 2
circles are concentric , is

(a) 1

There are 10 stations on a circular track.

Number of ways a train can stop at three
stations so that no two stations are adjacent

(c)

69.

71.

f : { 1,2,3,4,5} { 1,2,3,4,5} , number of onto

functions such that f ( i ) i

(c) 27

68.

solutions

(a) 1245

(a) 45
67.

70.

(d) 130

66

(b) 6!
(d) 63

Number of ways in which 9 different objects

can be distributed to three different people
giving 2, 2 and 5 objects to each of them, is
(a) 328

(b) 984

(c) 756

(d) 2268

No. of arrangements of ARTICLE so even

places are occupied by consonants is
(a) 576

(b) 4 C 3 4!

(c) 2 4!

(d) N/T

Number of ways of forming four letter words

using letter of MATHEMATICS
(a) 136

(b) 8C4

(c) 2554

(d) N/T

Number of ways in which 8 candidates A1, A2,

A3,....,A8 can be ranked such that A3 is always
before A4 and A4 always comes before A5, is

(a) n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 (b) n(n+1)/2

(a) 2 x 8P6

(b) 8! /6

(c) n(n+1)( n+2)/6 (d) N/T

(c) 8!

(d) 8! /3

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79.

In 20 books 4 are single volumes and others

are 8, 5 and 3 volumes resp. Ways in which all
these can be arranged in a shelf so that
volumes of same book are not separated is
(a)

20 !
8 !5 !3! 4 !

(c) 20 !
80.

81.

(b) 27405

(c) 27399

(d) none of these.

In a city no person have identical set of teeth

and there in no human person without a
tooth. Also no person has more than 32 teeth.
If we disregard the shape and size of tooth
and consider only the positioning of the teeth,
then the maximum population of the city is :
232

(b) 232 1
+1

(c) 196

84.

85.

86.

88.

89.

90.

(b) 140
91.

The number of different signals which can be

given from 6 flags of different colours taking
one or more at a time is :
(a) 1958

(b) 1956

(c) 16

(d) 64

92.

If letters of word NUMBER are arranged as in

dictionary then rank of the word itself
(a) 504

(b) 604

(c) 404

(d) N/T

(a) 33

(b) 35

(c) 38

(d) N/T

Number of s whose vertices are vertices of

an octagon but none of whose sides happen to
come from sides of the octagon
(a) 24

(b) 52

(c) 48

(d) 16

15 boys & 12 girls sit in a row, no. of ways in

which between the girls at most 2 boys sit is
(b)17! (

12

C 3 X3!)

(c) 17! ( 12 C 3 X15!) (d)17!( 91X2!X15!)

(d) none of these.

(d) 280

Mr. A has x children by his first wife and

Mrs.B has (x + 1) children by her first
husband. They marry & have children of their
own. Now there are total ten children.
Assuming that children of same parents dont
fight, maximum no. of fights among children

(a) 17! 12!X 3!

A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions

such that he must choose at least 4 from first
five . Number of choices available to him is :
(a) 346

83.

(d) none of these.

(a) 27378

(c)
82.

(b) 7 ! 8 ! 5 ! 3 !

Number of ways of selecting four numbers

from 1 to 30 so as to exclude every selection
of four consecutive numbers is

(a) 232

87.

(a) 15

(b) 16

(c) 20

(d) 21.

A man has 20 friends and wishes to make as

many different parties as he can, then number
of his friends he should invite in each party is
(a) 9

(b) 11

(c) 8

(d) 10

The number of ways of choosing two integers

from 1 to 100 such that their product is
multiple of 3 is
(a) 110C2 33C2

(b) 100C2 67C2

(c) 33C2

(d) 67C2

(a) 66

(b) 67

There are two rows ,one behind other, of 5

chairs each . Five couples are to be seated ,
number of arrangements such that no
husband sits in front of or behind his wife

(c) 68

(d) N/T

(a) 120x44

(b)

(c)

(d) 44

Words formed by letters of CIRCLE are

arranged as in dictionary then rank of circle is

93.

In a tournament, participants play one game

with another, two fell ill, having played 3
games each. If total games played is 84, the
number of participants at the beginning was:

If all permutation of word AGAIN are

arranged in dictionary then 50th word is
(a) NAAGI

(b) NAGAI

(c) NAAGA

(d) NAAIG

94.

10

C 5 x44

10

C 5 x120x44

a + b + c = 100 , a ,b ,c (distinct N ) ,if two of

these are odd then number of solutions is
(a) 1200

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(b) 3600

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(c) 1225
95.

(d) N/T

There are 2m horizontal lines equispaced at

unit distance & 2n vertical lines equispaced
at unit distance. How many rectangles with
each side odd can be formed
(a) 4 m+ n - 2
(c)

96.

97.

98.

99.

m2

n2

(b) ( m+ n -1)
(d) mn (n+ 1) ( m + 1)

n objects are placed in a row , then number of

ways of selecting three of these such that no
two of them are next to each other
(a)

n 3

(c)

n 2

n 3

C2

(b)

C3

(d) N/T

C3

Number of integral solutions of

n
where n N is
(a)

n 3

(c)

n 5

n4

C3

(b)

C5

(d) N/T

x + y + z

C4

In a polygon no three diagonals are

concurrent. If total number of points of
intersections of diagonals interior to polygon
be 70 then number of diagonals is
(a) 20

(b) 28

(c) 8

(d) None of these

There are three copies each of 4 different

books. The number of ways in which they be
arranged on a shelf is:
(a)

9!
(3! )

(c)

12!
(3! ) 4

(b)

11!
(3! ) 2

(d) None of these

100. A boat is to be manned by eight men of whom

2 can only row on bow side and 3 can only
row on stroke side. The number of ways in
which the crew can be arranged is
(a) 4360

(b) 5930

(c) 5760

(d) None of these

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880