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    Chapter 13: Membrane Processes

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    Jason Connor
    This document discusses membrane processes and different types of membranes. It covers four main types of membranes: reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. It also discusses electrodialysis membranes and their ability to selectively allow passage of positively or negatively charged ions. Common applications of micro- and ultrafiltration include water treatment processes like iron/manganese removal. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are commonly used for desalination. Operating pressures ranges from 5-600 psig depending on the membrane type. Fouling is addressed as membranes are expensive to replace and various methods like pulsing or vibration can help reduce fouling.

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    Chapter 13: Membrane Processes

    Uploaded by

    Jason Connor
    56 views26 pages
    This document discusses membrane processes and different types of membranes. It covers four main types of membranes: reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. It also discusses electrodialysis membranes and their ability to selectively allow passage of positively or negatively charged ions. Common applications of micro- and ultrafiltration include water treatment processes like iron/manganese removal. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are commonly used for desalination. Operating pressures ranges from 5-600 psig depending on the membrane type. Fouling is addressed as membranes are expensive to replace and various methods like pulsing or vibration can help reduce fouling.

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    Powerpoint for membranes

    Original Title

    13 Membranes

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    This document discusses membrane processes and different types of membranes. It covers four main types of membranes: reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. It also discusses electrodialysis membranes and their ability to selectively allow passage of positively or negatively charged ions. Common applications of micro- and ultrafiltration include water treatment processes like iron/manganese removal. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are commonly used for desalination. Operating pressures ranges from 5-600 psig depending on the membrane type. Fouling is addressed as membranes are expensive to replace and various methods like pulsing or vibration can help reduce fouling.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    56 views26 pages

    Chapter 13: Membrane Processes

    Uploaded by

    Jason Connor
    This document discusses membrane processes and different types of membranes. It covers four main types of membranes: reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. It also discusses electrodialysis membranes and their ability to selectively allow passage of positively or negatively charged ions. Common applications of micro- and ultrafiltration include water treatment processes like iron/manganese removal. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are commonly used for desalination. Operating pressures ranges from 5-600 psig depending on the membrane type. Fouling is addressed as membranes are expensive to replace and various methods like pulsing or vibration can help reduce fouling.

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    Chapter 13: Membrane Processes

    A membrane is a selective barrier that permits the


    separation of certain species in a fluid by
    combination of sieving and diffusion mechanisms
    Membranes can separate particles and molecules
    and over a wide particle size range and molecular
    weights

    Membrane Processes

    Four common types of membranes:


    Reverse Osmosis
    Nanofiltration
    Ultrafiltration
    Microfiltration

    Electrodialysis:
    In the ED process a semi-permeable barrier
    allows passage of either positively charged ions
    (cations) or negatively charged ions (anions)
    while excluding passage of ions of the opposite
    charge. These semi-permeable barriers are
    commonly known as ion-exchange, ion-selective
    or electrodialysis membranes.

    Hollow fiber:

    Ceramic Membrane Elements

    Spiral UF system

    Applications of Micro- and Ultrafiltration:


    Conventional water treatment (replace all processes
    except disinfection).
    Pretreat water for R.O and nanofiltration.
    Iron/Manganese removal (after oxidation).
    Removal of DBP precursors.

    Applications for R.O. and nanofiltration:


    R.O. application mostly desalination.
    Nanofiltration first developed to remove hardness.
    Nanofiltration can be used to remove DBP
    precursors

    Operating pressure ranges:


    R.O./NF: 80 600 psig
    MF/UF:

    5 60 psig

    Fouling of membranes due to accumulation of


    solute/particulates at the membrane interface has to be
    addressed for economic reasons. The membranes are
    too expensive to be replaced for reasons of fouling.

    Fouling

    There are various ways to reduce this fouling such as:


    Periodic pulsing of feed
    Periodic pulsing filtrate (backwashing)
    Increasing shear at by rotating membrane
    Vibrating membrane (VSEP technology , next slide)
    A common method to clean the membrane system is to
    just reverse the flow pattern.

    Vibrating shear
    to prevent fouling

    VSEP Technology

    Membrane Processes are becoming


    popular because they are considered
    Green technology - no chemicals are
    used in the process.

    Flux through the membrane


    (including both films)

    Example:
    A liquid containing solute A at 3 x 10-2 kmol/m3 is flowing
    past a membrane of thickness L = 0.3um. The distribution
    coefficient K= 1.5 and DAB = 7x10-11 m2/s in the
    membrane. The solute diffuses through the membrane and
    its concentration on the other side is 0.5 x 10-2 kmol/m3.
    The mass transfer coefficient kc1 is large and can be
    considered infinite, while kc2=2.02x10-5 m/s. Calculate the
    flux and the membrane interface concentrations (c2i and
    c2is).

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