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    Us History Chapter 16 Weebly Version

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    The document provides an overview of key events and developments in the American Civil War from 1861 to 1862, including: - The war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861. In response, Lincoln called for volunteers from the Union states. - Several border states joined the Confederacy while the Union implemented a naval blockade and took control of the Mississippi River as part of their strategy. - One of the first major battles was Bull Run in July 1861, where the Confederates defeated the Union. The Union then established a larger volunteer army. - Significant battles in 1862 included Shiloh in April, where Grant was able to defeat the Confederates despite high casualties, and Antietam

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    Us History Chapter 16 Weebly Version

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    838 views20 pages
    The document provides an overview of key events and developments in the American Civil War from 1861 to 1862, including: - The war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861. In response, Lincoln called for volunteers from the Union states. - Several border states joined the Confederacy while the Union implemented a naval blockade and took control of the Mississippi River as part of their strategy. - One of the first major battles was Bull Run in July 1861, where the Confederates defeated the Union. The Union then established a larger volunteer army. - Significant battles in 1862 included Shiloh in April, where Grant was able to defeat the Confederates despite high casualties, and Antietam

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    The document provides an overview of key events and developments in the American Civil War from 1861 to 1862, including: - The war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861. In response, Lincoln called for volunteers from the Union states. - Several border states joined the Confederacy while the Union implemented a naval blockade and took control of the Mississippi River as part of their strategy. - One of the first major battles was Bull Run in July 1861, where the Confederates defeated the Union. The Union then established a larger volunteer army. - Significant battles in 1862 included Shiloh in April, where Grant was able to defeat the Confederates despite high casualties, and Antietam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    838 views20 pages

    Us History Chapter 16 Weebly Version

    Uploaded by

    api-244140508
    The document provides an overview of key events and developments in the American Civil War from 1861 to 1862, including: - The war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861. In response, Lincoln called for volunteers from the Union states. - Several border states joined the Confederacy while the Union implemented a naval blockade and took control of the Mississippi River as part of their strategy. - One of the first major battles was Bull Run in July 1861, where the Confederates defeated the Union. The Union then established a larger volunteer army. - Significant battles in 1862 included Shiloh in April, where Grant was able to defeat the Confederates despite high casualties, and Antietam

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    You are on page 1of 20

    Chapter 16

    The Civil War Begins


    (1861-1862)

    Name
    Presidents
    Generals
    Capital
    Population
    Economy
    Military strategy
    Reasons for fighting

    NORTH
    United States of
    America
    (Union)
    Abraham Lincoln
    Ulysses S. Grant
    Washington D.C.
    22 million
    Industry and
    commerce (factories
    and trade)
    Anaconda Plan
    To preserve the Union

    Advantages

    More manpower and


    supplies

    Disadvantages

    Had to travel to fight

    SOUTH
    Confederate States of
    America
    (Confederacy)
    Jefferson Davis
    Robert E. Lee
    Richmond, Virginia
    9 million
    (3.5 million were
    slaves)
    Plantation farming
    KingCotton
    To secede fromthe
    Union
    Familiar with the land,
    more experienced
    generals
    Less manpower and
    supplies

    First Shots at
    Fort Sumter
    As the Southern states seceded
    from the Union, the Southern
    states took control of most of the
    federal forts in the South.
    The Union held onto Fort Sumter
    in the harbor of Charleston,
    South Carolina, but was running
    out of supplies.
    For 34 hours, Confederate forces
    fired on Fort Sumter until the
    Union surrendered.
    The attack on Fort Sumter was
    the beginning of the Civil War.

    Lincoln Calls Out the


    2 days after the surrender of
    Militia
    Fort Sumter, President Lincoln
    asked the Union states to
    provide 75,000 militiamen for
    90 days.

    In the weeks that followed,


    Virginia, North Carolina,
    Tennessee, and Arkansas joined
    the Confederacy.
    In May of 1861, Richmond,
    Virginia became the capital of
    the Confederacy.
    When Virginia seceded Robert
    E. Lee resigned from the United
    States Army and joined the
    Confederacy.
    WATCH Mini Bio Robert E. Lee

    Choosing
    Sides
    Delaware, Maryland,
    Kentucky, and Missouri were
    border states.
    Slavery was legal in the
    border states, but the border
    states stayed in the Union.
    Union troops helped parts of
    western Virginia part away
    to create West Virginia.
    At the start of the Civil War
    there were 24 states, and 11
    joined the Confederacy.

    Strengths and Weaknesses

    The Confederate
    All
    we ask is to be let
    Strategy

    alone, said Confederate


    President Jefferson
    Davis.
    The quote shows that
    the Confederacy initially
    took a defensive position
    in the Civil War.
    The South tried to use
    cotton to get support
    from foreign countries,
    King Cotton.
    WATCH Mini Bio Jefferson
    Davis

    The Union
    Strategy
    General Winfield Scott
    developed the Anaconda
    Plan.
    1) A naval blockade of the
    Souths coastline.
    A blockade is when armed
    forces prevent the
    transportation of goods or
    people into or out of an
    area.
    2) Union would gain control
    of the Mississippi River.

    Battle of Bull
    Run
    The First Battle of Bull
    Run was on July 21, 1861.
    At the First Battle of Bull
    Run, the Confederates led
    by General Thomas
    Stonewall Jackson
    defeated the Union.
    After the Battle of Bull
    Run, Lincoln asked for a
    real army of 500,000
    volunteers for three
    years.

    Those Who
    Fought
    Albert
    Einstein said, Older men
    start wars, but younger men fight
    them.
    The majority of soldiers in the Civil
    War were between 18 and 30
    years of age.
    Farmers made up the largest
    group fighting in the Civil War.
    About half of the soldiers on both
    sides came from farms.
    Immigrants and later African
    Americans fought in the Civil War.
    During the Civil War, 2 million
    Americans served for the Union
    and fewer than 1 million served
    the Confederacy.

    Turning Civilians
    into Soldiers
    Soldiers would train on a set
    schedule, and a bugle or drum
    awakened the soldiers at dawn.
    Union soldiers wore blue
    uniforms.
    Confederate soldiers wore gray
    or yellowish-brown uniforms.
    After battles, needy soldiers
    took coats, boots, and other
    clothing from the dead.
    WATCH Mini Bio Abraham
    Lincoln

    Hardships of Army
    Life than twice as many men
    More

    died from diseases than battle


    wounds.
    Many camps were unsanitary and
    smelled.
    Soldiers often went weeks without
    bathing or washing their clothes.
    The soldiers bodies, clothing, and
    bedding became infested with lice
    and fleas.
    Most soldiers had chronic diarrhea
    or other intestinal disorders
    caused by contaminated water,
    food, or germ-carrying insects.
    Doctors did not wash their hands
    or tools.

    WATCH Smithsonian Channel The


    Gruesome Reality of Civil War

    Changes in Military
    Technology
    A rifle is a gun with a grooved
    barrel that causes a bullet to
    spin through the air.
    The spin gives the bullet
    more distance and accuracy.
    Rifles contributed to the high
    casualty rate in the Civil War.
    The first ironclad battle was
    off the coast of Virginia
    between the Confederate
    Virginia (originally named
    Merrimack) and the Union
    Monitor.

    Ulysses
    S. Grant
    Ulysses S. Grant
    said, Find
    out where your enemy is,
    get at him as soon as you
    can, strike at him as hard
    as you can, and keep
    moving on.
    Grant captured Fort Henry
    and Fort Donelson in
    Tennessee.
    By gaining control of forts in
    Tennessee the Union could
    travel by water as far South
    as Alabama.
    WATCH of History
    Channel U.S. Grant

    The Battle of
    Shiloh
    The Battle of Shiloh was in
    Tennessee on April 6, 1862.
    At the Battle of Shiloh the
    Union lost over 13,000
    soldiers and the
    Confederates lost nearly
    11,000 soldiers.
    Congress pressured Lincoln
    to replace Grant, but
    Lincoln replied, I cant
    spare this man he fights!
    What did Lincoln mean in
    the quote???

    The Fall of New


    Orleans

    On April 25, 1862, the


    Union captured New
    Orleans.
    New Orleans was the
    largest city in the South.
    The Union controlled the
    Northern and Southern
    parts of the Mississippi
    River (2nd part of the
    Anaconda Plan).
    The Confederacy controlled
    150-miles of the Mississippi
    River around Vicksburg,
    Mississippi.

    Seven
    Days
    At
    the Seven
    DaysBattles
    Battles
    the Confederates were led
    by General Robert E. Lee.
    The Seven Days Battles
    were fought from June 25 to
    July 1, 1862.
    Confederates defeated the
    Union at the Seven Days
    Battle and Second Battle of
    Bull Run forcing the Union
    to retreat back to
    Washington D.C.
    WATCH Civil War
    Reenactment

    Lee Invades the North


    Lee wrote a letter telling
    President Davis about plans
    for the Confederacy to invade
    the North.
    In early September 1862,
    before President Davis could
    respond Lee crossed the
    Potomac River, and invaded
    Maryland.
    Reasons Lee invaded the North
    1) Force Lincoln to talk peace,
    2) Give Virginia farmers a rest
    from war for the harvest
    season,
    3) Confederates could plunder
    Northern farms for food,
    4) To get European countries to
    recognize the Confederacy as
    an independent nation.

    Battle of Antietam

    After invading Maryland, Lee


    prepared plans for his military
    campaign in the North.
    A Confederate officer accidently
    left a copy of the Lees battle
    plans wrapped around cigars at a
    campsite.
    On September 17, 1862
    Confederate and Union soldiers
    fought at the Battle of Antietam.

    Battle of Antietam
    25,000 men were dead or
    wounded from the Battle of
    Antietam, and Lee retreated
    back to Virginia.
    The Unions led by General
    McClellan did NOT follow the
    Confederates and Lee.
    McClellan got fired by Lincoln
    for not finishing the
    Confederates.
    WATCH Why was Antietam the
    Bloodiest Battle in U.S. History?

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