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    Health Care System

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    adelekeyusuf
    This document compares the health care systems of Cambodia and Spain. It finds that Cambodia's system has improved since the 1990s but still faces challenges, including limited government funding at 1.4% of GDP, reliance on foreign donors for 50% of health spending, and inequality in access and health outcomes between urban and rural areas. Spain's system provides universal coverage through a tax-funded public system and private supplemental insurance. It has high life expectancy and low mortality rates but faces sustainability issues due to economic challenges. The comparison shows Cambodia still has progress to make in achieving universal coverage and reducing out-of-pocket costs, while regulating the private sector and better aligning donor assistance with national priorities.

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    Health Care System

    Uploaded by

    adelekeyusuf
    45 views5 pages
    This document compares the health care systems of Cambodia and Spain. It finds that Cambodia's system has improved since the 1990s but still faces challenges, including limited government funding at 1.4% of GDP, reliance on foreign donors for 50% of health spending, and inequality in access and health outcomes between urban and rural areas. Spain's system provides universal coverage through a tax-funded public system and private supplemental insurance. It has high life expectancy and low mortality rates but faces sustainability issues due to economic challenges. The comparison shows Cambodia still has progress to make in achieving universal coverage and reducing out-of-pocket costs, while regulating the private sector and better aligning donor assistance with national priorities.

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    This document compares the health care systems of Cambodia and Spain. It finds that Cambodia's system has improved since the 1990s but still faces challenges, including limited government funding at 1.4% of GDP, reliance on foreign donors for 50% of health spending, and inequality in access and health outcomes between urban and rural areas. Spain's system provides universal coverage through a tax-funded public system and private supplemental insurance. It has high life expectancy and low mortality rates but faces sustainability issues due to economic challenges. The comparison shows Cambodia still has progress to make in achieving universal coverage and reducing out-of-pocket costs, while regulating the private sector and better aligning donor assistance with national priorities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views5 pages

    Health Care System

    Uploaded by

    adelekeyusuf
    This document compares the health care systems of Cambodia and Spain. It finds that Cambodia's system has improved since the 1990s but still faces challenges, including limited government funding at 1.4% of GDP, reliance on foreign donors for 50% of health spending, and inequality in access and health outcomes between urban and rural areas. Spain's system provides universal coverage through a tax-funded public system and private supplemental insurance. It has high life expectancy and low mortality rates but faces sustainability issues due to economic challenges. The comparison shows Cambodia still has progress to make in achieving universal coverage and reducing out-of-pocket costs, while regulating the private sector and better aligning donor assistance with national priorities.

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    Health care system

    Comparison of Spain and Cambodia


    Cambodia

    Overview
    Significant gains have been made in the rebuilding of the
    health system through an extended process of health
    reform beginning in the 1990s
    Health status has significantly improved since 1993
    The health system in Cambodia is managed by the ministry
    of health which function involve health system planning and
    development, organization and delivery of government
    health services through 24 ministry of health provincial
    health departments, 81 health operational district each with
    a referral hospital, and a number of health centers
    There is also the a loosely regulated but extensive sector of
    private health providers
    While the public sector is dominant in the promotion and
    prevention of activities for essential reproductive, maternal,
    neonatal and child health care and major non
    communicable diseases control, the private practitioners
    remain frequented for curative care
    In addition to the government and private health providers,
    a number of local and international non- governmental
    organizations NGOs deliver health services outside the
    government system, along with charitable agencies that
    provide inpatient and outpatient care. E.g. the Kantha
    Bopha chain of children hospital considered a part of the
    national hospital system receive financial support from
    Switzerland and elsewhere, Sihanouk Hospital center of
    HOPE in phnom penh is managed by Hope worldwide a
    charitable organization

    Financing

    While the government funding for health care has increase


    significantly it still remain at only 1.4% of GDP in 2012
    Foreign donors finance about 50% of government health
    spending through grants and loans
    Patient pay most times for their health needs

    Coverage
    There is no compulsory health insurance or social health
    insurance
    The poor are covered through the health equity funds(HEF); still
    not yet providing the desired result
    There is a national social security funds(NSSF) for private
    employees and NSSFCF for civil servants which require them to
    pay premiums
    A number of services are provided free of charge under MOH and
    donor national program to all patients at public facilities these
    include TB testing, expanded immunization program for children,
    HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment. The government also
    provide free delivery through the midwife incentive scheme
    There is also the government subsidy scheme known as SUBO a
    miniature form of HEF in government facilities which provide user
    fee exemption for poor patient; patient cost for food,
    transportation and ancillary cost are not covered.
    Efficiency
    Health status has significantly improved since 1993
    Mortality rate has dropped and life expectancy at birth was 62.5
    years in 2010 a 1.6- fold increase from 1980
    On track to achieve the millennium development goal targets
    But coverage is still limited
    Most patient still prefers to privately own clinics
    Mortality rate is 6 per 1000
    Infant mortality rate is 25 per 1000 ( world bank 2014)
    Equity
    There is still inequalities in health outcomes such as urban- rural
    or by socioeconomic status.

    There is limited access to health care as patient has to travel to


    get to a government facilities
    Recent changes and reforms

    An ongoing process of national health began in 1990s


    The most recent is the health strategic plans for 2008-2015
    This is aimed at moving towards universal health coverage
    There are a number of challenges remaining

    SPAIN
    Overview
    There is a parallel public health care system and a network of
    private health insurance companies
    The control has been decentralized and has been transferred to
    autonomous regional health ministry ( interterritorial council of
    the Spanish national health service)
    The autonomous regional health ministry is 17 in number
    Which is established by the general health law of 1986
    90% of the populace use the public health system and a few use
    the private insurance as supplement to the public health system
    Its role is in general co-ordination of basic lines of health policy in
    matters of contracts acquisition of health and pharmaceutical
    produce as well as other related good services
    Financing
    The public health care is run by INGESA(instituto nacional de
    gestion sanitara) a part of ministry of health and social policy
    through a tax financed scheme
    8.5% of GDP is spent on health care as at 2007

    Coverage
    90% of the populace use the public system for their health
    needs
    Few percentage of the populace holds private insurance which
    are used as a supplement to the public health system

    Health care is free of charge and covers all as provided under


    chapter iii of 1978 Spanish constitution
    It covers all the health care needs but with the exception of
    pharceuticals prescribed to people under 65 which entails 40%
    co- payment.
    Dental and optical product are excluded from this coverage too

    Efficiency
    It has been reported by the WHO to be one of the best in the
    world
    It covers virtually every health care needs
    It allows Spaniards to choose their own primary care doctor
    It has 13121 primary health care centers; that is 3523.3 citizens
    on a average per facility
    Life expectancy is 83.2 years the guardian 5 th march 2013 issue
    Mortality rate is 8 per 1000 (world bank) in 2014
    Infant mortality rate is 4 per 1000

    Equity
    It covers all
    Even when an individual is jobless
    However, public health provision may vary slightly in each
    autonomous region
    Recent changes and reforms
    Health care system in Spain is not economically sustainable due
    to global economic crises which has plunge the country into
    recession necessitating reduction in budgetary allocation to
    health
    To guarantee the financial sustainability of national health
    scheme the government is trying to:
    1. Regulate cost of supplying the service
    2. Prevention is being given a more important role
    3. Private- public partnership

    Conclusion
    The good point that becomes evident from this comparison is that the
    developing nation health care system is still not yet perfect as evident
    from failed reforms after the other and most of the funding is being in
    the form of foreign aid with the government spending little on the
    health care system.
    The poor being on the mercy of the private health providers and there
    is poorer health outcome due to limited accessibility to health care
    Achieving the goal of universal coverage requires improvements
    in government commitment to health need to be maintained. The
    heavy reliance on out- of- pocket spending must decline
    The private sector still poses an immediate necessity for
    extended regulation, accreditation and enforcement
    Donor support is essential but a greater alignment of donor
    program to the national priorities is needed particularly in the
    supply of services and health financing.
    References

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