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    Genetics - Colorblindness

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    This document discusses colorblindness. It begins by explaining that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait, so it is more common in males. It then describes the three main types of color vision deficiencies and notes that colored lenses can improve but not cure color vision problems. The document concludes by discussing organizations that support those with colorblindness and potential future treatments involving gene therapy.

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    Genetics - Colorblindness

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    This document discusses colorblindness. It begins by explaining that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait, so it is more common in males. It then describes the three main types of color vision deficiencies and notes that colored lenses can improve but not cure color vision problems. The document concludes by discussing organizations that support those with colorblindness and potential future treatments involving gene therapy.

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    This document discusses colorblindness. It begins by explaining that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait, so it is more common in males. It then describes the three main types of color vision deficiencies and notes that colored lenses can improve but not cure color vision problems. The document concludes by discussing organizations that support those with colorblindness and potential future treatments involving gene therapy.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    154 views16 pages

    Genetics - Colorblindness

    Uploaded by

    api-319106085
    This document discusses colorblindness. It begins by explaining that colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait, so it is more common in males. It then describes the three main types of color vision deficiencies and notes that colored lenses can improve but not cure color vision problems. The document concludes by discussing organizations that support those with colorblindness and potential future treatments involving gene therapy.

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    You are on page 1of 16

    Colorblindnes

    By: Teagan
    s
    Lee &
    Jasmine
    Johnson

    Inheriting the Disease


    Colorblindness is:
    Recessive
    Found only on the X-chromosome (therefore more common in
    males)
    A female can be color blind, completely normal, or a carrier (meaning
    they are heterozygous)
    The figure above shows a carrier female and a normal male cross
    resulting in a 50% chance of either gender child being colorblind

    Chromosome Abnormality
    The X chromosome has the genes that code for red and green lightsensitive proteins located on it
    When these genes are mutated it causes color blindness due to an
    inability to recognize or even see certain colors

    Prevalence in the Global Population


    Worldwide:
    approximately 1 in 12 men (8%) are colorblind
    around 1 in 200 women (0.5%) are colorblind

    This is a huge amount!

    Diagnosing Colorblindness
    Diagnosed in early childhood

    Use simple screening tests:


    - Hardy-Rand-Rittler (H-R-R)
    - Ishihara Color Plates

    Evaluate the type and degree of color deficiency.

    Symptoms

    Trouble differentiating colors or even seeing certain colors such as red


    and green

    So what is it like to be colorblind?

    Life Expectancy
    No direct affect on life expectancy
    Could make someone more likely to have an accident
    such as inability to see a red stop light

    Treatment?
    -

    There is no treatment for color blindness

    For red-green color deficiency of colorblindness no treatment is needed


    because people with this type can function normally

    Colored contact lenses can be used to brighten up colors that are hard to
    see but many people say that the lenses are not effective and make it worse
    when wearing them

    There is hope for a cure for inherited color blindness by using gene
    technology. Genetic material can be pumped into the eye

    People also try wearing glasses that block the glare

    Researching Treatment
    - Human experiments that involve gene therapy can continue if
    approved by the National Institute of Healths Office
    - Studies of gene therapy have been tested on Monkeys and it work
    but it may not work as well with humans
    - If treatment for color blindness is tested then that will open new
    segways for other vision diseases
    - According to the Seattle Times a couple named Jay and Maureen
    Neitz did a study and found that genes can replace missing colorproducing proteins in cells called cones located in the eyes

    Limitations
    - Cant see traffic lights
    - Cant see the color in food
    - Hard to pick out an outfit that matches
    - Difficult to find jobs because those who are colorblind cant be:
    pilots, electricians, firefighters, police officers, and painters

    Organizations
    - Coloured Blind Awareness is an organization that supports families
    for their children that are affected by being colorblind
    - Another organization is that National Association for the
    Advancement of Color-Blind People (NAACBP)
    - Ophthalmology: EyeSmart (U.S.) and the American Optometric
    Association are more organizations that provide help

    Linking the Disease


    - There are hypothesizes that because deuteranomaly is prevalent in
    human populations, the gene responsible may have once provided
    an evolutionary advantage. For instance, according to an article
    published in 2005 1 colorblindness may have helped to spot
    potential food items in complicated environments such as grass.

    Colour blindness may have hidden advantages. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from
    http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051205/full/news051205-1.html

    Interesting Facts
    -

    Color blindness is more prevalent among males than females, because the most common
    form of color vision deficiency is encoded on the X sex chromosome.

    There are three main types of color vision deficiency: protan, deutan, and tritan defects.

    Colored lenses or glasses can improve color discrimination in your problem areas but can not
    give you back normal color vision.

    A father cant pass his red-green color blindness on to his sons.


    There are people which are really suffering from complete color blindness, which is called
    achromatopsia or monochromacy.

    99% of all colorblind people are not really color blind but color deficient; the term
    color blindness is misleading.

    In certain countries you need normal color vision to get a driver's license.

    Bibliography
    "Causes of Colour Blindness." Colour Blind Awareness. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "X-linked Recessive: Red-Green Color Blindness, Hemophilia A." The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "Page 15 - SAMPLE PAGES - Passing the Maryland Biology High School Assessment." Page 15 - SAMPLE PAGES - Passing the Maryland
    Biology High School Assessment. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "What Is Color Blindness? : DNA Learning Center." DNALC Blogs. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "Genetic Diseases." Tutor Vista. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    Singh, Jaipal. "X-Chromosome." Boloji. N.p., 27 May 2012. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "Colour Blindness." Colour Blind Awareness. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "How the World Is Seen Trough Colorblind Eyes | Colblindor." Colblindor. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "Color Blindness Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment." - Color Vision Deficiency. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "LOS AVANCES Y LA ACTUALIDAD SOBRE EL DALTONISMO." : Tablas De Hardy-Rand-Rittler. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.

    Bibliography Continued
    "Protanomaly and Deuteranomaly and Colorblindness, Oh My!" Winging It. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    "Color Blindness." : What Is the Life Expectancy of Someone with Color Blindness? N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
    Become an NAACBP Member. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.naacbp.org/about_us.php
    Colour blindness may have hidden advantages. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from
    http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051205/full/news051205-1.html
    Dangers & Limitations. (2009). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.colour-blindness.com/general/dangers/
    Early Symptoms. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.colourblindawareness.org/parents/early-symptoms/
    GeneTherapy. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.neitzvision.com/content/genetherapy.html
    UW scientists, biotech firm may have cure for colorblindness. (2015). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.seattletimes.com/seattlenews/health/uw-scientists-biotech-firm-may-have-cure-for-colorblindness/
    University And Biotech Firm Team Up On Colorblindness Therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.npr.org/sections/healthshots/2015/03/25/395303785/university-and-biotech-firm-team-up-on-colorblindness-therapy
    WebMD - Better information. Better health. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/

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