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    Les04 Rev2

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    Les04 Rev2

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    les04_Rev2

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    7 views21 pages

    Les04 Rev2

    Uploaded by

    Breno Coelho
    fasfafasfasfasfasfas

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4

    Creating a Database

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Objectives
    After completing this lesson, you should be able to do
    the following:
    List the prerequisites necessary for database
    creation
    Create a database using Oracle Database
    Configuration Assistant
    Create a database manually
    Create a database using Oracle Managed Files

    4-2

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Planning and Organizing a Database


    Planning for your database is the first step in
    managing a database system.

    Define the purpose of the database.


    Define the type of the database.
    Outline a database architectural design.
    Choose the database name.

    Create your database.


    Use Oracle Data Migration Assistant to migrate from
    an earlier version of the database.

    4-3

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)


    Oracles recommended standard database
    architecture layout
    OFA involves three major rules:
    Establish a directory structure where any database file
    can be stored on any disk resource.
    Separate objects with different behavior into different
    tablespaces.
    Maximize database reliability and performance by
    separating database components across different disk
    resources.

    4-4

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Oracle Software and File Locations


    oracle_base

    Software

    /product
    /release_number
    /bin
    /dbs
    /rdbms
    /sqlplus
    /admin
    /inst_name
    /pfile

    4-5

    Files
    oradata/
    db01/
    system01.dbf
    control01.ctl
    redo0101.log
    ...
    db02/
    system01.dbf
    control01.ctl
    redo0101.log
    ...

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Creation Prerequisites
    To create a new database, you must have the following:
    A privileged account authenticated by one of the
    following:
    Operating system
    Password file

    Sufficient memory to start the instance


    Sufficient disk space for the planned database

    4-6

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Authentication Methods
    for Database Administrators
    Remote database
    administration

    Do you
    have a secure
    connection?

    Yes

    N
    o

    4-7

    Local database
    administration

    Do you want
    to use OS
    authentication?

    Yes
    Use OS
    authentication

    N
    o

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Use a
    password file

    Using Password File Authentication


    Create the password file using the password utility.
    $ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwU15
    password=admin entries=5

    Set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE in
    initialization parameter file.
    Add users to the password file.
    Assign appropriate privileges to each user.
    GRANT SYSDBA TO HR;

    4-8

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Creating a Database
    An Oracle database can be created by:
    Oracle Universal Installer
    Oracle Database Configuration Assistant

    Graphical user interface


    Java-based
    Launched by the Oracle Universal Installer
    Can be used as a stand-alone application

    The CREATE DATABASE command

    4-10

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Operating System Environment


    Set the following environment variables:
    ORACLE_BASE
    ORACLE_HOME
    ORACLE_SID
    ORA_NLS33
    PATH
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH

    4-11

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Database Configuration Assistant


    With the Database Configuration Assistant you can:
    Create a database
    Configure database options
    Delete a database
    Manage templates
    Create new templates using predefined template
    settings
    Create new templates from an existing database
    Delete database templates

    4-12

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Creating a Database Using Database


    Configuration Assistant
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    Select create database option


    Specify type of database
    Specify global database name and SID
    Select features
    Select database operational mode
    Specify options for memory, character sets,
    database sizing, file locations, and archiving
    7. Define database storage parameters
    8. Select option to:

    4-13

    Create database
    Save as a template
    Generate creation script
    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Creating a Database Manually

    Choose a unique instance and database name


    Choose a database character set
    Set operating system variables
    Create the initialization parameter file
    Start the instance in NOMOUNT stage
    Create and execute the CREATE DATABASE command
    Run scripts to generate the data dictionary and
    accomplish post-creation steps
    Create additional tablespaces as needed

    4-16

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Creating a Database Using


    Oracle Managed Files (OMF)
    Using OMF simplifies file administration on the
    operating system.
    OMF are created and deleted by the Oracle server as
    directed by SQL commands.
    OMF are established by setting two parameters:
    DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST: Set to give the default
    location for data files
    DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n: Set to give the
    default locations for online redo log files and control
    files

    Maximum of five locations

    4-19

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Creating a Database Using


    Oracle Managed Files (OMF)
    Define the OMF parameters in the initialization
    parameter file. Example:
    DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST=/$HOME/ORADATA/u05
    DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1=/$HOME/ORADATA/u01
    DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_2=/$HOME/ORADATA/u02

    CREATE DATABASE command is simplified:


    @cddba01.sql
    > CREATE DATABASE dba01;

    4-21

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    CREATE DATABASE Command


    CREATE DATABASE user01
    USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY ORACLE
    USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY MANAGER
    CONTROLFILE REUSE
    LOGFILE
    GROUP 1 ('$HOME/ORADATA/u01/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
    GROUP 2 ('$HOME/ORADATA/u02/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
    GROUP 3 ('$HOME/ORADATA/u03/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
    MAXLOGFILES 5
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
    MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 1
    ARCHIVELOG
    FORCE LOGGING
    CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    DATAFILE '/$HOME/ORADATA/u01/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
    SET TIME_ZONE= 'America/New_York'
    4-23

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Troubleshooting
    Creation of the database fails if:
    There are syntax errors in the SQL script
    Files that should be created already exist
    Operating system errors such as file or directory
    permission or insufficient space errors occur

    4-26

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    After Database Creation


    The database contains:
    Data files, control files, and online redo log files
    User SYS with the password change_on_install
    User SYSTEM with the password manager
    Internal tables (but no data dictionary views)

    4-27

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Summary
    In this lesson, you should have learned to:
    Identify the prerequisites for creating a database
    Create a database using the Oracle Database
    Configuration Assistant
    Create a database manually
    Create a database using Oracle Managed Files

    4-28

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    Practice 4 Overview
    This lesson provides two specific ways of creating a
    database:
    Use the Database Configuration Assistant to create a
    database using graphical steps. Launched by:
    Start > Programs > Oracle-OraHome90 > Configuration
    and Migration Tools.
    Appendix A provides a step-by- step guide for creating
    a database manually on a UNIX system.

    Review the steps, and optionally create a database


    manually or by using the Database Configuration
    Assistant.

    4-29

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

    4-30

    Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2002. All rights reserved.

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