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    The Microscope

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    alexiel_
    The document discusses the parts and principles of operation of the compound microscope. It describes the mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts of the microscope. It also defines key microscope terminology like total magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, limit of resolution, and working distance. The document explains the principles of brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence, phase contrast, and electron microscopes. It notes the limitations of electron microscopes for examining live specimens.

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    The Microscope

    Uploaded by

    alexiel_
    4K views16 pages
    The document discusses the parts and principles of operation of the compound microscope. It describes the mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts of the microscope. It also defines key microscope terminology like total magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, limit of resolution, and working distance. The document explains the principles of brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence, phase contrast, and electron microscopes. It notes the limitations of electron microscopes for examining live specimens.

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    About compound microscope, types of microscopes and its parts.

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    The document discusses the parts and principles of operation of the compound microscope. It describes the mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts of the microscope. It also defines key microscope terminology like total magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, limit of resolution, and working distance. The document explains the principles of brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence, phase contrast, and electron microscopes. It notes the limitations of electron microscopes for examining live specimens.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4K views16 pages

    The Microscope

    Uploaded by

    alexiel_
    The document discusses the parts and principles of operation of the compound microscope. It describes the mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying parts of the microscope. It also defines key microscope terminology like total magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, limit of resolution, and working distance. The document explains the principles of brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence, phase contrast, and electron microscopes. It notes the limitations of electron microscopes for examining live specimens.

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    You are on page 1of 16

    The Compound Microscope

    The Compound Microscope


    Parts of a Microscope

    Mechanical Parts

    Illuminating Parts

    Magnifying Parts
    Mechanical Parts
    Illuminating Parts
    Magnifying Parts: The Objectives
    Terminologies

    Total Magnification: numerical value of how many


    times the specimen in focus is magnified

    Resolution or Resolving Power: ability to


    distinguish two adjacent points as distinct or
    separate.
     Increase magnification without increased resolution is
    not useful because the image may be unclear or fuzzy.
     The resolving power is a function of the: numerical
    aperture and wavelength
    Terminologies
    Numerical Aperture: is a mathematical expression of the size
    of the beam of light which an objective can utilize.
     The higher the NA, the greater the detail the objective will reveal.
     LPO – 0.6, HPO – 0.8, OIO – 1.25

    Limit of Resolution: smallest distance by which two objects


    can be separated and still be distinguishable as 2 separate
    objects.

    Working distance: distance between the lens of the objective


    and the cover slip.
    Principle of the Oil Immersion Objective

    The front lens of the OIO is


    immersed in immersion oil which
    fills the space between the front
    of the objective and the slide.
    Immersion oil has the same
    refractive index as glass and also
    increases the NA of the lens.
    Light coming through the glass
    slide passes straight through the
    oil into the glass lens of the
    objective without deflection of
    light waves.
    Types of Microscopes

    Light Microscope: visible light


    spectrum (400nm-700nm)
    passes through the specimen
    then through series of lenses
    which reflect light in such a
    manner that results in the
    magnification of the specimen
    Limit of resolution: 200nm
    Maximum magnification: 2000x
    Types of Microscopes

    Bright-Field Microscope:
    the field of vision is light and the
    microorganisms appear dark
    because they absorb some of the
    light.
     Staining increases the light-absorbing
    ability of the microorganism resulting
    to greater contrast and color
    differentiation.
    Types of Microscopes

    Dark-Field Microscope:
    has a special condenser that
    fits into the substage,
    resulting in a dark
    background against objects
    which are brilliantly
    illuminated or appear as
    bright refractile bodies.
     Useful in the examination of
    unstained live microorganisms.
    Types of Microscopes

    Fluorescence Microscope:
    makes use of the principle that
    certain dyes when exposed to uv light
    alter the wavelength of this light and
    become luminous (flouresce).
     Best used for immunological and
    serological studies

    Phase Contrast: used in studying


    living unstained cells. A conventional
    light microscope fitted with a phase
    contrast objective and phase contrast
    condenser.
    Types of Microscopes

    Electron Microscope: provides


    tremendous useful magnification
    because of the much higher resolution
    obtainable with the extremely short
    wavelength of the electron beam used
    to magnify the specimen.
     Transmission EM: two dimensional
     Scanning EM: three dimensional

     Limitations of EM: specimen may not be


    examined in living state, morphological
    characteristic of the specimen may be altered,
    low penetrating power of the electron beam
    necessitates thin sections of the cell.
    Specimen viewed
    Specimen viewed

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