Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8K views

    Outbreak Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Eduard
    The document discusses an outbreak that occurred in February 2009 at Holy Trinity College in Puerto Princesa City. It provides definitions and explanations of key epidemiological concepts like the chain of infection. The levels of disease prevention - primary, secondary, and tertiary - are defined along with examples. The role of nurses in epidemiology is also outlined, including assisting with data collection, interpretation, and acting on research results.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Outbreak Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Eduard
    8K views5 pages
    The document discusses an outbreak that occurred in February 2009 at Holy Trinity College in Puerto Princesa City. It provides definitions and explanations of key epidemiological concepts like the chain of infection. The levels of disease prevention - primary, secondary, and tertiary - are defined along with examples. The role of nurses in epidemiology is also outlined, including assisting with data collection, interpretation, and acting on research results.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses an outbreak that occurred in February 2009 at Holy Trinity College in Puerto Princesa City. It provides definitions and explanations of key epidemiological concepts like the chain of infection. The levels of disease prevention - primary, secondary, and tertiary - are defined along with examples. The role of nurses in epidemiology is also outlined, including assisting with data collection, interpretation, and acting on research results.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    8K views5 pages

    Outbreak Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Eduard
    The document discusses an outbreak that occurred in February 2009 at Holy Trinity College in Puerto Princesa City. It provides definitions and explanations of key epidemiological concepts like the chain of infection. The levels of disease prevention - primary, secondary, and tertiary - are defined along with examples. The role of nurses in epidemiology is also outlined, including assisting with data collection, interpretation, and acting on research results.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    Some key takeaways from the document are that epidemiology studies disease outbreaks to understand where, when and how diseases spread as well as who is affected, the Ebola virus outbreak started from contact with infected monkeys and then spread human to human through contact with bodily fluids, and there are established procedures for containing disease outbreaks including isolation, treatment and disposal of infected remains.

    Epidemiology is defined as the study of where, when, how and why diseases occur in certain populations. It looks at the patterns of disease spread, who is affected, reasons for the disease and ways to prevent it. The Ebola outbreak started in monkeys in Zaire and then spread to humans through contact with the infected monkeys.

    The chain of infection involves an infectious agent, a reservoir or carrier where it lives and reproduces, a mode of transmission from the reservoir to a susceptible host, a portal of entry into the host and signs/symptoms of infection in the host.

    HOLY TRINITY COLLEGE

    Puerto Princesa City

    Health Care 2
    OUTBREAK
    February 2, 2009
    ALCÁNTARA, Eduardo L., BSN 2nd Year N1-St. Dominic

    Submitted to: Ms. Jasmin A. Rocamora, R.N.

    OUTBREAK

    1. Based on the film, define Epidemiology.

    Based on the film, Epidemiology can be defined as where, when ,


    how the disease occurred, who are the people are affected and the
    number their number and what is/are the reason of the disease and
    how deadly the disease is and what are the ways on how to prevent it.
    The disease started in Zaire, where it was discovered on the monkeys
    in the year 1992. It occurred or spread through the monkey (Zaire)
    who’s has been traded in a US Pet shop. And through the mouth, nose
    and skin contact with the monkey, the people were infected and the
    spread of the Ebola virus started.

    2. How dose case finding and disease surveillance aid or help


    in solving the disease outbreak?

    Case finding and disease helps or aids in solving the disease


    outbreak through identifying or giving vital data and informations to
    the authority. It gives us data about the specific place where the
    disease started, the people and the population that’s affected by the
    outbreak and what kind of intervention to stop its widespread.
    It also increases the people’s awareness of the disease on how
    deadly it is. It makes everyone aware on how to stop its progress and
    know what the other needed and important precautions are.

    3. Explain the chain of infection.

    Explanation:
    The infectious agent is a Biological Agent in the name of Motaba
    Ebola virus. It started out in Motaba, Zaire. After the development of
    this microbial organism it thrives and reproduces in the White-fronted
    Capuchin Monkey which is the Carrier of the disease. The
    microorganism leaves the Carrier through the Nose or Mouth by
    transferring in the methods of airborne or contact with the Carrier. It
    will infect the person through the mouth, nose or through the skin
    contact and the humans will be the susceptible host.

    INFECTIOUS AGENT (Biological Agent - Motaba Ebola Virus)


    A microbial organism with the ability to cause disease. The greater the organism's
    virulence (ability to grow and multiply), invasiveness (ability to enter tissue) and
    pathogenicity (ability to cause disease), the greater the possibility that the organism
    will cause an infection. Infectious agents are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
    RESERVOIR/CARRIER (a White-fronted Capuchin Monkey)
    A place within which microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. For example,
    microorganisms thrive in human beings, animals, and inanimate objects such as
    water, table tops, and doorknobs.

    PORTAL OF EXIT (Nose, Mouth, Skin)


    A place of exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir. For
    example, the microorganism may leave the reservoir through the nose or mouth
    when someone sneezes or coughs. Microorganisms, carried away from the body by
    feces, may also leave the reservoir of an infected bowel.

    MODE OF TRANSMISSION (Airborne or Contact)


    Method of transfer by which the organism moves or is carried from one place to
    another. The hands of the health care worker may carry bacteria from one person to
    another.

    PORTAL OF ENTRY (Mucus, breaks in the skin)


    An opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host. Portals include body
    orifices, mucus membranes, or breaks in the skin. Portals also result from tubes
    placed in body cavities, such as urinary catheters, or from punctures produced by
    invasive procedures such as intravenous fluid replacement.

    SUSCEPTIBLE HOST (Human-beings)


    A person who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying, and
    resulting in infection. The host is susceptible to the disease, lacking immunity or
    physical resistance to overcome the invasion by the pathogenic microorganism.

    4. Illustrate or explain the procedure used during the disease


    outbreak.

    The procedures used during the disease outbreak:


    a. Disease surveillance - which the spread of disease is
    monitored in order to establish patterns of progression. The
    main role of disease surveillance is to predict, observe, and
    minimize the harm caused by outbreak, epidemic, and
    pandemic situations, as well as increase our knowledge as
    to what factors might contribute to such circumstances. A
    key part of modern disease surveillance is the practice of
    disease case reporting.
    b. Identification or studying the place of infection and
    the people infected – in order we can determine who
    needs the prioritization.
    c. Isolation of the infected persons – to avoid further
    infections to other persons.
    d. Taking the blood samples – to know any changes in the
    blood of the client and determine the speed of the infection
    of the microorganisms.
    e. Injection – to lessen or prevent the widespread through
    the serum.
    f. Burning of the dead and infected bodies – to stop the
    disease outbreak.

    5. Give examples of the 3 levels of prevention.

    Primary Prevention

    Providing specific protection against disease to prevent its occurrence


    is the most desirable form of prevention. Primary preventive efforts spare the
    client the cost, discomfort and the threat to the quality of life that illness
    poses or at least delay the onset of illness. Preventive measures consist of
    counseling, education and adoption of specific health practices or changes in
    lifestyle.

    Examples:

    a. Mandatory immunization of children belonging to the


    age range of 0 – 50 months old to control acute
    infection diseases.

    b. Minimizing contamination of the work or general


    environment by asbestos dust, silicone dust, smoke,
    chemical pollutants and excessive noise.

    Secondary Prevention

    It consist of organized, direct screening efforts or education of the public to


    promote early case finding of an individual with disease so that prompt
    intervention can be instituted to halt pathologic processes and limit disability.
    Early diagnosis of a health problem can decrease the catastrophic effects that
    might otherwise result for the individual and the family from advanced illness
    and its many complications.

    Examples:
    a. Public education to promote breast self-examination,
    use of home kits for detection of occult blood in stool
    specimens and familiarity with the seven cancer
    danger signals.

    b. Screening programs for hypertension, diabetes.


    Uterine cancer (pap smear), breast cancer
    (examination and mammography), glaucoma and
    sexually transmitted disease.

    Tertiary Prevention

    It begins early in the period of recovery from illness and consists of such
    activities as consistent and appropriate administration of medications
    to optimize therapeutic effects, moving and positioning to prevent
    complications of immobility and passive and active exercise to
    prevent disability. Continuing health supervision during
    rehabilitation to restore an individual to an optimal level of
    functioning. Minimizing residual disability and helping the client learn to live
    productively with limitations are the goals of tertiary prevention. (Pender,
    1987)

    6. Identify the function of Nurse in Epidemiology.


    The Nurse is so important in Epidemiology. He or she works as a
    Researcher or Co-researcher. He or she does the following duties:

    • Provides the community with stimulation necessary for a wider or


    more complex study or problems.
    • Enforce community to do prompt and intelligent reporting of
    epidemiologic investigation of disease.
    • suggest areas that need research (by creating dissatisfaction)
    • participate in planning for the study in formulating procedures
    • assist in the collection of data
    • helps interpret findings collectively
    • act on the result of the research

    You might also like