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    Address Lines and Ports

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    gnanapand
    Addresses inside a computer are represented by groups of metallic lines called address buses that carry bits of information to access data. Addresses are typically represented in hexadecimal format with a 0x prefix. Ports provide access to external devices through a separate memory system that uses address lines A0 through A9 to define a range of port addresses from 0x200 to 0x3ff. The state of the input/output read, input/output write, and address enable lines must be in the appropriate low state for port input/output to occur.

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    Address Lines and Ports

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    gnanapand
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    Addresses inside a computer are represented by groups of metallic lines called address buses that carry bits of information to access data. Addresses are typically represented in hexadecimal format with a 0x prefix. Ports provide access to external devices through a separate memory system that uses address lines A0 through A9 to define a range of port addresses from 0x200 to 0x3ff. The state of the input/output read, input/output write, and address enable lines must be in the appropriate low state for port input/output to occur.

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    Addresses inside a computer are represented by groups of metallic lines called address buses that carry bits of information to access data. Addresses are typically represented in hexadecimal format with a 0x prefix. Ports provide access to external devices through a separate memory system that uses address lines A0 through A9 to define a range of port addresses from 0x200 to 0x3ff. The state of the input/output read, input/output write, and address enable lines must be in the appropriate low state for port input/output to occur.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    5 views1 page

    Address Lines and Ports

    Uploaded by

    gnanapand
    Addresses inside a computer are represented by groups of metallic lines called address buses that carry bits of information to access data. Addresses are typically represented in hexadecimal format with a 0x prefix. Ports provide access to external devices through a separate memory system that uses address lines A0 through A9 to define a range of port addresses from 0x200 to 0x3ff. The state of the input/output read, input/output write, and address enable lines must be in the appropriate low state for port input/output to occur.

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    Data inside a computer is accessed by means of metallic conductors called address lines.

    Each
    of them carries a bit of information, the same as a data line. A group of address lines is called an
    address bus. Just as with data, a bit can be on or off, and addresses can be represented on paper
    as a series of ones and zeros.

    Addresses are seldom represented in binary, however. They are almost always shown in HEX
    with the 0x prefix. An exception is in the schematic diagram. Individual lines are often drawn
    and labeled with abbreviations using the capital A -- A0, A1, A2, etc.

    Any time a variable or constant is accessed in the C language, the appropriate address lines are
    activated. This is not readily apparent since variables and constants are almost always referenced
    by name. It's a lot easier to work with words than with obscure memory addresses. There is a
    way to more directly access address space in C. It's through the powerful concept of pointers. We
    are concerned here with another use of address lines.

    The PC actually has two memory systems. One deals with variables and constants as noted
    above. The other addresses what are called ports. Ports provide access to outside-world devices.
    The printer, serial communications, disk drives and sound cards, among others, all use ports for
    monitoring and control. A typical PC uses A0 through A9 as the bases for addressing ports, with
    A9 always high. That means that the range of port addresses is 0X200 through 0X3FF:

    A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
    1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0X200 minimum port address

    A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 0X3FF maximum port address

    The board used in the examples is capable of using all of these addresses in 64 byte blocks.
    Subdivisions within each block allow access to several sub-systems on the board. All of them
    will be covered in detail in the hardware and experiments sections.

    Port read or write status depends on the state of the Input/Output Read and Write lines, which
    are dedicated to port activities. The appropriate line must be low. If both are high, then port I/O
    will not take place. The Input/Output Read line is abbreviated IOR, and the Input/Output Write
    line is abbreviated IOW . In addition to IOR or IOW, a line called Address Enable (AEN) must
    be low for port access.

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