TM E9 1901 Identification of Japanese Shells & Shell Fragments

WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL
-~ , .'

s., .,'lb

IDENTIFICA TIC)N

OF J AP ANESE SHELLS AND SHELL F~AGMENTS;-

- ,

LOCATION OF

~'~'f ' .. ',

ENEM.Y BATTERIES

WAR DEPARTMENT

•

14 MAY 1945

TM E9·1901

Pars. 1·2

I nttoduction

RESTRICTED

PART ONE-GENERAL

Section I

INTROPUCTION

1. PURPOSE.

a. This manual is designed to aid counterbattery and other artillery intelligence personnel. Combat experience has proven that the system and techniques presented herein will assist materially in:

( 1) Speedy location and silencing of active enemy batteries.

(2) Ready identification of enemy artillery and mortars.by caliber and type from shell fragments.

h. The methods described in this manual comprise, one of the basic means of obtaining information of the existence and location of enemy weapons. These methods are used almost invariably in connection with one or more of the other sources of counterbattery information. The principal sources are,

( 1) Crater analysis and fragment identification (via shell reps ). (2) (3) (4) (5)

Interpretation of air photos.

Field artillery observation battalions (sound and flash).

Air .observers (air OP's) and ground observer~.

Interrogation of prisoners of war and friendly civilians.

c. Crater analysis and shelling reports (shellreps) are used to check and verify battery locations obtained by these other means. Also these other sources are used to verify information from shelling reports and crater analysis.

_/'

2. IMPORTANCE.

a. Speedy location and identification of enemy artillery arid mortars are of paramount importance in eornbat. Unceasing effort and all possible means and methods must be employed, to provide promptly the information necessary to knock out such enemy weapons. This mission and the gathering of-information essential to its accom-

plishrnent are of vital interest to all soldiers. "

h. Information of the location, mass, disposition, and zones of fire, by caliber and type, of the enemy artillery, mortar, and' rocket weapons is of great value in estimating enemy tactical capabilities. The success of an entire operation depends to a considerable extent upon the accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of this information.

Pars. 2·4

TM E9 .. 1901

Shelling Reports (Shel1reps)

c. Systematic examination of craters and shell fragments may disclose information about new types of enemy ammunition and weapons, a knowledge of which may permit us to develop early and effective counter measures. This knowledge may also suggest improvements in our own ammunition and weapons.

Sec:tion II

SHELLING REPORTS (SHELLREPS) 3. GENERAL.

a. Whenever Or wherever enemy artillery, rocket, or mortar shelling is observed, it must be reported back immediately to where the information Clan be evaluated and acted upon. These shelling reports, .. now commonly called "shellreps," are rendered through channels according to a definite procedure and form by the individual or unit observing or experiencing the enemy fire.

4. VALUE.

,

a. Shellreps are basic and extremely valuable information; they are literalJ~ ;.the keystone of efficient counter battery or counter mortar intelligence.v' In addition to helping locate enemy guns speedily, shellreps:

( 1 ) Tell when enemy guns are firing. (2) (~) (4) (5) (6) Indicate new locations. (7) Make possible prompt retaliatory fire when location of of-

fending batteries is established.

(8)

Indicate which batteries are active.'

Indicate number, caliber, and type of guns firing.

Report effectiveness of enemy shelling.

Indicate zenes of fire of enemy weapons.

Serve to alert sound and flash, air OP's, and other agencies.

h. The value ef shellreps depends chiefly upon: ( 1 ) TheiT ,ae,euracy and completeness.

( 2 ) SpeE!u of : t'l'ansrhission.

(3) Number received.

c. Because silencing of enemy batteries is of vital interest to all soldiers, all should be encouraged to submit shelling reports, regardless of arm or service. However, a smaller number of reports which are complete and accurate are of greater value than many reports of a general nature. The best reports, therefore, are submitted by trained men who have actually surveyed the craters in the shelled area and have either analyzed the available sheil fragments or submitted them for analysis along with their reports. Since a high percentage of all

2

TM E9-1901

Pars. 4-6

Shelling Reports (SheIlreps)

enemy concentrations will fall somewhere near an artilleryman, artillerymen should be especially trained so that their reports will be accurate, complete, and prompt.

5. ACCURACY.

a. Shellreps are usually based upon hearing, visual observation, or crater analysis, or sometimes fa combination of these. Reports based on hearing are generally unreliable as to direction. The human ear is not capable of judging direction better than an accuracy of about 5 degrees, and there are many. other factors that will tend to make reports even less accurate.' The most reliable, accurate, and informative reports are based on crater analysis, explained in the next section, or based on direct visual observation of the flash of the enemy weapon, measured by an aiming circle, Be scope, or similarly accurate, properly oriented, sighting device.

6. SHELLING REPORT FORM.

a. A suggested form for observer's report to his headquarters is form "A," page 28. This form is suitable for printing on a card to be glued into the Field Message Book. Form "B," page 29, is suitable for recording this information at battalion and higher headquarters as the reports are received.

h. The following is a detailed explanation of the purposes of the information required in the shellrep form (page 28):

(A). Time and unit reporting: Needed for future reference.

(B). Location of observer: Accurate location of the observer is essential in plotting reported azimuths. When crater analysis is made of several craters in same shelling, average of coordinates should be given.

(e). Azimuth of direction from which shelling came: This is determined in any of three ways:

1. Sound. Estimation of direction by ear is too inaccurate, except for very short distances when such inaccuracy is not as important as at greater distances. It should be used fOF mortar locations only.

2. Furrow or Crater. This method is most reliable and most accurate. Experienced observers can get within 5 to 15 mils in a single compass reading which should not require more than 5 minutes. An average of several readings will greatly increase accuracy. Always state the compass reading in magnetic north or grid north. An aiming circle will give more accurate direction.

3. Flash. An accurate means of obtaining direction to enemy gun is by direct measurement of the visible gun flash through a 'properly oriented, accurately located aiming circle or Be scope.

(D). Distance in yards should be given whenever possible. The slope of faIl in mils, when obtained in crater analysis, is usually of greater value than the estimated distance or location.

3

Ptlrs. 6·7

TM E'·1901

SheIIing Reports (SheIIreps)

(l!:). Coordinates of the area shelled are valuable as they may indicate the enemy intentions. Accuracy of the locations aids in eliminating duplicate reports.

(F) and (G). Time "From-to": Should be given accurately. It may be that the shelling can be tied into sound or flash locations which were taken at the same time. Also, reports of two or more observers may be tied together, permitting artillery to locate and neutralize the correct gun location immediately without wasting time and ammunition in firing on a dozen different targets with only a "hope."

(H). Number, caliber, and type of guns: The principal method of determining the number of guns is by the time interval between bursts or the number of bursts which come practically simultaneously. Character of sound is sometimes an indication of eaUber to experienced personnel, but fragment identification is a positive and more reliable method of determining caliber and sometimes type of enemy guns. Type of gun, whether. howitzer or rifle, as well as caliber is valuable information and should be determined whenever possible.

(1). Nutnber and type of Shells! Number of shells falling into an area as well as type (HE, smoke, time, etc.) may give us a real clue as to what the enemy is trying tel accomplish. It can also indicate the amount of ammunition available or the itnportance of the target to him.

(J). Nature of fire: Counterbattery, registration, harassing, interdiction, OP neutralization; preparation, etc.

(K). Damage: The damage done will often determine counterbattery priority; This information should never be sent "in the clear" on voice radio or if telephone wires may be tapped by the . enemy.

(L). Flash-bang (seconds): A flash-bang report is of exceptional value as it not only gives accurate direction but also approximate range to enemy guns. The method is simple. Time is taken at sight of flash (stop watch is highly desirable), then the observer hears the report (bang) of the gun shooting (not the ballistic "crack" or sound of the shell in the air) and time is again noted. Since flashes are seen instantaneously, and it is known how fast sound travels (approximately 370 yards per second), the time interval indicates range. Because of lag in individual reaction time; a correction of approximately 200 yards should be deducted from all ranges determined by this method.

(M). Remarks: Enter here anything especially noted.

7. REPORTING NEW SHELLS.

a. Shells or fragments found to have characteristics unlike those listed in this manual should be reported immediately to proper authorities.

4

TM E9·1901

Pars. 7·8

, Shelling Reports (SheIlteps)

h. To be' of maximum value, fragments sent to. the rear should be tagged with the following information:

(1) Time (date and time of day shell landed, if known ).

(2) Location (place where shell was found as accurately as location can be given).

(3)' Direction (approximate direction from which shell came and method used in determining that direction (survey of crater, sound,

etc.». '

(4) Name and organization of person making report, (5) References.

8. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE.

,8. A standard operating procedure for shellreps is recommended, The following is a suggested SOP:

( 1 ) GENE~AL SHELLREPS. Personnel in units of ail branches immediately report hostile shelling, giving the following general information:

(a) Time.

(b) Where.

(c) (d)

(2) CRATER OR TEAM SHELLREPS. Artillery personnel, learning of this hostile shelling through own observations Dr through general shellreps, dispatch trained teams immediately to' the shelled areas, jncluding those from which general shell reps were submitted by Dther arms. These teams will make crater analysis and requisite survey.

(3) TEAMS. Each team consists of two men equipped with aiming circle, calipers, flexible steel rule, gunner's quadrant (when available), and dia-meter Dr substitute. The CompassJvl Z can substitute

for aD' aiming circle. .

(4) Each artillery battalion maintains three teams, each higher headquarters maintains one,' and the observation battalions maintain four. In addition, the artillery forward observer.' the artillery liaison section, and the infantry company tea,rns also. make crater analyses (primarily enemy mortar craters) using prismatic ~Dmpass only, Unless artiUerYi;' battalions Dr higher ar tillery headquarters direct otherwise, teams automatically assume the .following responsibilities':

, ',t' '_I

(a) Direct support battalions for areas actually occupied by

infantry.

(b) General support battalions and higher artillery headquarters for areas 'within 1,500 yards of their location.

(5) Completed reports are forwarded immediately. usually. by .telephone, and coded if reported by radio. Time of the actual shelling

Apparent direction to' enemy guns.

Number of guns firing ami apparent caliber.

5

Pars. 8·10

TM E9·1901

Location of Enemy Batteries and Mortars by Crater Analysis'

is reported accurately. Direct support artillery acts on mortar shelling reports '( "mortreps" ) .

(6) Any know ledge of hostile shelling beyond the limits of responsibilitylisted in step (4), above, is forwarded to suitable artillery headquarters for survey.

9. PERSONNEL AND TRAINING REQUIRED.

a. A single individual can perform .the necessary operations in each area; however, for speed and other practical considerations, a crew of two or three is recommended.

h. inexperienced personnel can get accurate direction from ricochet furrows with very little instruction. More instruction or experience is necessary in the case of craters, certain types of ricochets, and for identification of 'fragments. Knowledge of the elements of exterior ballistics, Firing Tables, and their use is helpful, but knowledge of enemy ammunition and weapons is definitely necessary. Since the enemy may use captured weapons against us, familiarity with weapons of our allies, is important.

c. 'Instruction should be by trained personnel who know shell crater analysis and shell fragmentation identification from actual experience. There, are many fine points to crater analysis. For example, the slope of ground, the texture of soil, the over-all detonation pattern, etc., all have definite effects that can be compensated for, if known, in "':determining direct-ion to the gun. Properly trained soldiers canselect at sight craters giving most accurate results, and know where to find, with minimum effort, shell fragments most easily identifiable. Scouting and patroling should be emphasized so that maximum advantage is taken of terrain for protection against enemy

fire. '

d. It is often difficult to differentiate between hostile mortar and artillery shelling. However, there are basically no differences in the techniques for locating enemy mortars and artillery, 'Therefore, instruction of both shellrep and mortrep teams can and should be given at the same time.

Section III

LOCATION OF ENEMY BATTERIES AND MORTARS BY CRATER ANALYSIS

.

10. GENERAL.

a. The direction of flight of a projectile frequently can be determined quite accurately from its crater or ricochet furrow. By locating the crater accurately and measuring the direction of flight as indicated in the following paragraphs, back-azimuths can be obtained which will

6

TM, E9·1901

Pars. 10·13

Location of Enemy Batteries and Mortars by Crater Analysis

pass through or very near the actual gun, battery, or battalion position., The position area of a battery can be located by plotting the intersection of the average back-azimuths from two or more widely separated groups of craters, and by other methods described herein. The direction to a battery can be determined with fair accuracy from the back-azimuth obtained from even one ricochet furrow or crater.

II. USES AND VALUE.

a. By analysis of shell craters, it is possible to:

( 1) Verify, as active batteries, suspected locations which have been obtained by other means.

(2) Detect presence and approximate location of enemy batteries not previously suspected.

(3) Obtain an early indication of the general location or direction of the mass of enemy artillery.

( 4 ) Assist air and ground observation in accomplishing counterbattery missions by greatly reducing the sector necessary to search.

(5) While a slow moving or static situation permits maximum employment and benefit of crater analysis and shellreps, crater analysis can be extremely important in a fast moving situation. For example, when advance elements, particularly armored, are held up by unexpected fire from guns that cannot be seen, information on whether the fire is from tank, antitank, or field artillery weapons may determine the next tactical move. As very often the other counter battery intelligence means are absent or nonoperating at such a time, crater analysis will be frequently the only means available for speedy location and identification of these enemy guns. ,

12. INSPECTION OF SHELLED AREAS.

a. Inspection of shelled, areas should be made as soon as possible.

Reverse slopes, folds in the terrain, hedgerows, and buildings in shelled areas offer the greatest chance of finding ricochet furrows and other markings most useful in determining direction of flight and slope of fall, and also afford maximum protection for personnel making c.rater analysis.

13. CRATER SURVEY FOR LOCATION.

a. The area must be located sufficiently accurately for plotting

, on firing chart, map, or airphoto. Deliberate survey methods are not essential; hasty survey, by pacing distance and using the aiming circle for direction, usually is sufficient. Frequently a quick, short traverse to a known road junction, the battery position or OP, is all that is necessary. In some cases, the crater, or center of impact, can 'be located by pin-pricking an airphoto.

7

Pat. 14

TM E9·'901

Location of Enemy Beiteries. and Mortars by Crater Analysis

-14. DETERMINATION OF DIRECTION AND ANGLE OF FALL. a. Pattern. The pattern produced on the ground by the detonating shell gives a clearindication of the general direction from which artillery fire is received. This is illustrated in figures 1 and 2.

b. Factors Affecting Pattern.

( 1) It must be kept in mind that due to irregularities of terrain and soil condition, the "typical" shell crater pattern is the exception, not the role.

_( 2). The principal effect from fragmentation is always from side' spray, with much less effect from nose spray. Back spray is negligible. The width, angle, and density of the side spray vary with different types of projectiles.

(3) In evaluating direction, due consideration must be given to the way the earth is thrown, the effect of stones, stumps, roots, variations in soil density and type, and the slope of terrain at the point of impact. Out of any group only those craters most clearly defined and' nearest to ~ypical should be utilized.

, c. Range Dlspersion, In case the firing has been from a single gun or a very Iimited number of guns, range dispersion will give a

good indication of the direction of fire. . , .

. . d. !\'larks on Vegetation arid Other Objects. )The direction from which a round was fired and its angle of fall are often accurately indicated by markings left as it cuts through trees, shrubs, grass, snow, and various objects.

I .

e. Ricochet Furrows and Duds.

( 1) Ricochet furrows usually furnish the best information. The average direction of a few such furrows from the same gun will give a line within a few mils of the true direction of flight. Ricochet can be found even at extreme ranges, on reverse slopes of hills or on stream banks. Of equal or superior value are grooves in thick grass or bushes, holes through materiel, buildings, trees, and other objects from which angle of fall also frequently may be determined.

(2) TECHNIQUE (fig. 3). Carefully remove loose dirt from furrow with hands, leaving smooth, hard channel intact .. Drive two thin stakes or survey pins, one at each end of the usable part of the furrow. Be sure to set the stakes straight and in the center of the channel. These. stakes represent the line of fire, the azimuth of which may be me~sured with an aiming circle. placed 5 to 15 feet from the furrow and in line with it. The slope of fall can be determined with a Compass lVI2 sighted along the bottom of the furrow <;J,r entrance hole. '

f. Fuze-quick Craters.

, (1) At small angles of fall, fuze-quick craters furnish information nearly as accurate as' that from ricochet furrows. Judging the direction

8

TM E9·190~

Par. 14


./

Figure '-Shell Crater With Fuze Skid

RA PD 103 .. 37

Figure 2-Shell Crater, Hard Earth 9

Pars~14·15

TM E9·1901


of the trajectory increases in difficulty with an increase in angle of impact; therefore, for equally practical results, more craters must be analyzed. If the angle of impact is small or moderate, the crater generally is pear-shaped. The crater usually is wider than it is long, If the angle of impact is larger, the crater generally is oval with the least diameter in the direction of flight.

(2) TECHN1QUES (figs, 4 and 5).

(a) Use of Channel in Ground Where Shell Entered and/or Left.

Place a stake in center of channel. Place a second stake on opposite side of crater. Sight along these to obtain back-azimuth. as with ricochet furrows. Position of fuze may give an excellent indication of direction of fire.

(b) Use of Side Spray Shown by Dirt and Cut Grass. Place a stake in the center of each line of side spray equally distant from the crater. Putting the aiming circle in the exact center of the crater, measure the angle between the stakes. The bisector of this angle is the approximate line 0 fire, and its azimuth, or back-azimuth, can be determined.

I

(c) The average of the back-azimuths obtained from . steps (a) and (b), above-will be more accurate than either method alone.

g. Deep Craters. Least reliable directions are from deep craters. However, in soft soil, good approximate direction can be obtained if a nose fuze has been employed and fuze and fragments are located. These will often be found in a tunnel in prolongation of the shell's line of flight. A line can be established from this in conjunction with other characteristics. The crater pattern ordinarily will be oval, narrowest diameter indicating direction of fire, and of varying depths.

h. Time Fire. Low air bursts can furnish excellent information of the line of flight of the projectile. In any time concentration there should be some impact bursts from which good direction lines can be obtained.

15. LOCATION OF BATTERIES.

a. General.

( 1 ) Batteries may be indicated or located approximately from: (a) Single back-azimuth rays plus analysis .of terrain along the

rays.

(b) Single rays plus slopes of fall.

(c) Single rays plus time reading from fuzes.

(2) Enemy batteries will be more accurately located by triangulation (long base intersection) from back-azimuths determined in different shelled areas.

10

TME9·"901

Location of Enemy Baiteties and Mortars by 'Crater Analysis

Par. 15

Only init,ial straight: .. pcr tion used

-TO GUN

--.-0

Aiming Circle set up in line with the 2 pegs then measure the back azimuth of the line of fire

I

Figure 3-Typica' Ricochet Markings

RA PD103438

Aiming Circle is set up here to measure

angle of side sprays J1

rSh.11

Bisectingangleofy~ide •

spray gives .indication ...

of lin. of flight • __

----:--_____ , -

. ------=--

-0

\ TheAimingCif~le_ set upin line with the 2 pegs then measured Ihe back azimuth of the line

of fire

I

Average azimuths from these

RA PD 103439

Figure 4-TypicalShell Crater, FQ ISmail Angle of Fall'

IRange pole sighted • in here

peg set here or 'here or both

Area burned by powder shows jf IDO'se dirt is cleaned out

deep craters in soft soil. location of fuze or fuze fragments may give exce11ent indication of direction

RA PD 103440

Figure 5-Typica' Shell Crater, FQ Ilarger Angle of Fall' 11

Par. 1,5

TME9·1901

Location of Enemy Batteries and Mortars by Creier Analysis

RA PD 103441

Figure 6-Terrain Analysis· 12

Par. 15

Location of enemy Batteries, and Mortars by Crater Analysis

b'. Single-ray Method.

(1)' By INSPECTION .. A mean back-azimuth obtained from a group of ricochet furrows and fuze-quick craters which closely match for direction will pass near or through the responsible battery position. Even with no means available for ascertaining the range, the single ray will narrow the search for the enemy battery and focus the attention of all target locating agencies in corps and smaller units. The capabilities and limitations of the weapons believed employed, as .deterrnined by identification of shell fragments, must be considered. For example, on ray A of figure 6, areas (1), (2), .and (3) are probable

, locations for enemy guns. The examination of such areas by air or ground observers, or by means of stereoscopic pairs of airplane photographs may disclose the battery position. Possibility of use of unorthodox positions must not be overlooked.

(2) SLOPE OF FALL OR TIME SETTING FUZE. In either case, approximate ranges at times can be estimated or obtained closely from approximate range tables if caliber of weapon and type of ammunition employed are known.

c. Intersection Method.

( 1 ) Basically, this method is long-base intersection of mean backazimuth rays from widely separated shelled areas, where the rays originated from craters of shells of identical caliber and type, and perhaps have been 'further identified 'as having been fired from the same gun or battery, as explained in paragraph 17. The intersection of two or more, preferably at least three of these rays, is taken as the gun, battery, or battalion location.

(2) Figure 7 illustrates centers of battalion areas characteristically obtained by method in step (1), above, while figure 8 shows battery location as well as battalion areas.

(3)' In case of a resulting small triangle or polygon of error, the center, as determined by usual means, can be taken as the location. In large polygons of error, the area should be inspected for probable locations as is done in single-ray method. Referring again to figure 6. the intersection of rays B, C, and D produce a triangle of error which contains probable battery positions at (1), (2), and (3). Suspected position (2) seems most probable as' it is also nearest center of triangle.

(4) Time factor is important; due consideration must be given to possibility that guns may have moved.

d. False Intersections.

( 1) When many batteries are active on a small front. the many back-azimuths tend to be dense and confusing. If all" are plotted on the same map, many "false" intersections will be obtained. See figure 8. Most of these can be eliminated by simple inspection. since many false intersections will be within or near the front lines. as are (2).

13

-

..

RA I'D 103442

Figure 7-Intersection. Method

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- RA PD 103443

Figure8-False Intersections

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VI Pars. 15·18

TM E9·1901


( 3 ), and (7), or beyond the probable range of the two batteries as is (8). Intersections of different calibers, as are (1), (4), (5), and (6), are obviously false.

(2) It will be noted that rays marked "A" from each concentration match up on inspection as being all "left" back-azimuths at each concentration; those marked "B" are each "center" and those marked "C" are "right." All A's, B's, and C's usually intersect at the same respective battery locations.

(3) False intersections can be reduced by using different color rays for different caliber and type, and/or employing overlays according to caliber and type of weapon. Times of shelling should be marked along each ray.

e. Accuracy. With heavy caliber guns, the accuracy of this method will be improved by the application of metro and drift corrections to the direction of flight.

16. AIR OBSERVATION.

a. An air observer can discern the general direction of fire from a shell area, and by lining in with this can greatly narrow the' sector of observation. The air observer also can locate and report shelled areas for later examination by ground personnel,

17. IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL GUNS AND BATTERIES.

a. It is often possible to identify specific guns and batteries from shellreps alone.

•

( 1) Each gun leaves distinctive marks on the rotating band, as

shown in figure 9, and frequently on the bourrelet of the projectile fired. These marks may permit individual identification.

(2) Frequently, differences in ammunition and fuze lots will be found which may differentiate between battalions and sometimes batteries.

(3) Slight variations in design and manufacturing peculiarities show up very often in the rotating band keying and differentiate between ammunition lots. Keying or knurling in rotating band grooves and on the back of the bands themselves are excellent identifications of nationality, caliber; and type.

(4) In crater analysis, the differences in slopes of fall, burst patterns of the projectiles, directions of flight, and settings to time fuzes will all aid in distinguishing between batteries or battalions.

18. 'LOCATION OF ENEMY MORTARS.

a. Counter-mortar· organization and technique are covered in Training Circular No.7, 1945, to which reference is made.

h. Basically, mortar crater analysis is similar to that of artillery

shell crater analysis. .

16

TM E9-1901

Par. 18


A

B

c

D

A - SECTION OF BAND FROM RECOVERED 75-MM SHELL FIRED FROM

A NEW GUN. NOTE UNSYMMETRICAL ENGRAVING DUE TO VARIABLE TWIST OF RIFLING AND SCORINGS ON FORWARD COVERS

OF RIDGES. ,

B - SECTION OF 7S-MM BAND FROM RECOVERED 75-MM SHELL FIRED FROM A SLIGHTLY "'/ORN GUN.

C -'- RECOVERED 75-MM BAI'-JD FIRED FROM WORN GUN. D - RECOVERED BAND FIRED FROM A VERY WORN GUN

RA PO 103444

Figure 9-Rotating Band 17

'Par. 19

Identification of Enemy Shells and Shell, Fragments

Section IV

IDENTI'FICATION OF 'E'NEMY SHELLS AND SHELL FRAGMENTS

19. GENERAL BASIS OF FRAGMENT ANALYSIS.

a. The caliber of a shell, as well as the type of weapon from which it was fired, can be determined in nearly all cases by analysis of "its fragments. Dimensions of projectiles vary with caliber and type. Identification is frequently, possible if fragments can be found and these measurements taken. Japanese shells have been found to be excellently manufactured and with very small tolerances of error. This fact should aid materially inidentification of Japanese projectiles.

( 1 ) FRAGMENTS SOUGHT. Caliber is' determined best from duds, next best from undeforrned or little deformed. fragments of low order bursts. Shell detonation tends' to distort and stretch fragments; therefore, thick base sections, including rotating band grooves, are most informative and permit the speediest identi!' cation. With experience, however, caliber can be determined accurately hom 'small fragments

of high order bursts. .

(2) ROTATING BANDS.

(a) Pattern of imprints, width, number, size of band or bands, dimensions of keying imprints within the groove or on the back of bands give very important indication as to caliber and type. Keying design is almost always conclusive as to nationality .

. (b) The width of the imprint of the land plus that of the groove is an indication .of cahber.This widthvgroove plus land, is termed "r" and may be 'found foreach :caHlier shell by thefollowing formula:

r =

or

rN C =--

Crr

N

rr

where C = caliber, N- number, and, rt- = 3.1416. "r" is relatively constant throughout the life of the weapon. 'See figure 9. '

(3) MARKINGS AND OPENINGS. On the body of the projectile itself or on fragments, bits of paint, stenciling, starn pings, openings, thread counts, adapters, etc., are important clues to the properly trained and equipped 'investigator. See figure 9.

( 4) FUZES. Fuzes and fuze fragments must be considered cautiously as 'the same fuze may be used with a number of different caliber shells. They can be made of different materials (aluminum, copper, brass, plastics, 'iron, steel, etc. ) and have characteristic appearances, shapes, details, openings, and stampings.

( 5) CRATERS. The size, 'width, and depth of. the crater is some indication of caliber}. however, this is generally unreliable.

18

TM E9·1901

Pars. 20·21

Identification of Enemy Shells and Shell Fregmenis

20. ,NOMENCLATURE.

a. The Japanese ordinarily assign each different type of projectile a model number. Before 1926 the model number of weapons and equipment was indicated by the year of the reign in which the model was adopted. Since 1926 the model has been numbered from what is assumed to be the founding of the J apanese Empire.* The last two digits of this number are used up to the year 1940.. Models adopted in 1940 are designated as "0" (zero). Models adopted in 1941 are designated "1,"and so on.

h. A comparative table indicating the western year, the Japanese year, and the model number corresponding=thereto follows:

Western Year

19Z6 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

Japane.e 'lear

2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605

""od.e.

"0. 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

o 1 2 3 4 5

c. This method of assigning model numbers. is in general use in both the Army and the Navy.

d.The caliber of Japanese ammunition is usually measured in centimeters. The .. Japanese refer to caliber approximately; for in-· stance, a 75-mmgun is known as a 7 ern gun.

e. Model numbers assigned to artillery refer to the projectile only, as the same model number ammunition will be used with different cartridge cases and propelling charges to fire indifferent, guns.

21. MARKINGS.

a. General. Although model numbers are assigned to projectiles, Japanese characters giving this. model number are painted on the projectile only when there is a chance of confusion with similar projectiles. The same .holds true for the model number of the gun from

*For a more detailed explanation of Japanese year dates, see TM E30-480 Hsndbcck on Japanele Military Forces, dated 15 September 1944.

19

1M E9.1901

Ideniiticetion of Enemy Shells and Shell Fragments

,

COL,O,R OF BAND INDICATES: } OLD

YELLOW == HE MARKING

NO BAND == BLACK POWDER SYSTEM

MODEL NUMBER OF PROJECTILE (STENCILED) (SHOWN ONLY IF tHERE IS CHANCE OF cot#uSION WITH ANOTHER PROJECTILE)

E OF EXPLOSIVE (MARKING SHOWN IS MIXTURE OF AMMONIUM ,/'iITRATE" GUANIDINE NITRATE, AND CYCLONITE. NO MARKING INDI-

CATES TNT) ,

f COLOR OF BAND INDICATES: )

WH ITE == STEEL' " OLD

GREEN == SEMI-STEEL. MARKING

l NO BAND = CAST IRON SYSTEM

REFERENCE: 75·A·5

RA,PD 10344,8

Figure 10-Markingson Japanese Proiectiles 20

TM E9·1901

Par. 21

Identification of Enemy Shells and Shell Fragments

NUMBER (STAMPED ON ADAPTER AND PROJECTILE)

WEIGHT CLASSIFICATION (STENCILED)

COLOR OF BAND INDICATES:

YELLOW = HE - STEEL GREEN = HE - SEMI-STEEL RED = SHRAPNEL OR

CANNISTER WHITE = AP

NEW MARKING SYSTEM

DATE OF FILLING (STENCILED),"",

SYMBOL INDICATING ARSENAL OR • DEPOT WHERE FILLED (STENCILED)

INSPECTION STAMP, PLACE AND DATE OF MANUFACTURE OF SHELL BODY (STAMPED)

REFERENCE: 7S-A-S

RA I'D 103449

Figure I I-Markings on Japanese Pro;ecfiles-Confd. 21

Par. 21

TM E9.1'Ol

Identification of Enemy Shells and SheIl Fragments

which fired, which is painted on the cartridge case only when there is a chance of confusion with similar rounds. Japanese characters indicating the model n';lmber of the projectile and that of the gun from which fired are painted on the original ammuni~ion crate.

h. Stenciling on the Projectile (figs. 10 and 11). (1) WEIGHT CLASSiFICATION (USUALLY WHITE). + + 1.5 % to 2.5 % overweight

+ 0.5 % to 1.5 % overweight

± Within 0.5% under and 0.5'% overweight

- 0.5% to 1.5% underweight

- - 1.5 % to 2.5 % underweight.

(2) DATE OF FILLING (USUALLY WHITE). Two numbers separated by a dot. The first number indicates year Showa (add number to 1925 to convert to our calendar; for instance 14 year Showa would be 1939). 'the second number indicates the month _(4 would be the 4th month or April).

(3) SYMBOL INDICATING ARSENAL OR DEPOT WHERE FILLED (USUALLY WHITE). Model number of projectile: (White) Occurs only when there is a chance of confusion with another projectile. (4) SPECIAL SHELLS. For symbols used, see figure 12.

'" (BLACK) INDICATES SMOKE SHELL

+ (BLACK) INDICATES INCENDIARY SHELL (OLD SYSTEM)

~ (WHITE) INDICATES INCENDIARY SHELL (NEW SYSTEM)

~ (WHITE) INDiCATES ILLUMINATING SHELL

~ (WHITE) INDICATES TARGET SHELL

$ (WHITE) INDICATES SAND-FILLED SHELL

RA PD 10)447

Figure J2-Japanese Symbols Indicating Type of Shell

c. Stampings on the Projectile.

(1) An unidentified number is stamped on the adapter and-also on the body of the projectile just below the adapter.

(2) An inspection stamp, a symbol indicating place of manufacture of the shell body, and the date of manufacture, giving the month and year (Bhowa ), are stamped in a row around the body of the projectile.,

22

PCI!rs. 22-23

Ready Reference Identification System

22. <::OLOR OF PROJECTILE.

a.

Army.

,

( 1) For all HE, AFHE, hollow charge, and shrapnel projectiles, the body is painted black. Incendiary and gas projectiles are painted gray. Smoke projectiles (WP) in 7S-mm have been recovered painted white, however others have been recovered in IS0-mm painted black.

(2) Color bands indicate condition, type of projectile, and/or type of steel. Recently the Japanese simplified their system of color bands; omitting some of the bands. The old and. new color system, referred to throughout the manual, refer to before and after this change in 'color bands. A red band at the nose indicates explosive filled in both the old and new system. In chemical shells, this band applies to the burster.

Yellow band at bourrelet .. " , .

White band at center of body ,c' " .. " .

Green band adjacent to white

White band at rotating band ... .... ..... .

Green band at rotating band.,... ..

Old System

.. HE

", AP

Tracer Steel Semi-steel

New System

Yellow band at center of body . .............:. HE steel

Green band at center of body . .. HE semi-steel

White band at center of body . .. AP tracer

h. Navy.

(1) The color scheme employed by the Navy-indicates type of projectile by over-all body color.

Maroon . . . 'HE common (includes high capacity nose fuzed

projectiles and solid base fuzed projectiles)

AP

White

Blue .

Red .

Red

Black.

Illuminating (reported) Illuminating (recovered in 14 em) Shrapnel-incendiary (recovered in 12 ern AA')

. Practice (inert loaded)

(2) Color bands are used to give additional information.

Green at nose .: ' HE filled

Red tip on nose . Base fuzed

Band at center of body Center of gravity

Section V

READY REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

. 23. BASIS FOR THIS SYSTEM.

a. Any two shells of different caliber and type necessarily have certain differences in size and shape. Even shells of similar caliber

23

",Par. 23

:\'

TM E9·1901


RA PD· 103445

Figure 13-Dia-Afeter

/'

RA PO 103446

Figure J4-Example of Template 24

I

TM E9·1901

Pars. 23·25


and type may have great difference in some respect. By breaking down a shell into its significant or "critical" dimensions and characteristics, as shown in section VIII, and arranging these into a series of tables with columns for individual items, as in section VI, systematic elimination or selection is possible, resulting in the correct identification of a shell from a few clues from a small fragment or two.

24. TOOLS AN.D INSTRUMENTS. a. List of Equipment.

RULE, steel, flexible, 12 inch (graduated in millimeters and inches -3-fold type). Alternative: RULE, steel, flexible, 6 inch (graduated in millimeters, in tenths, and in inches, hundredths, and sixtyfourths).

CALIPERS, firm-joint, outside, 8 inch. Alternative : : CALIPERS,

micrometer, outside, set. .

DIA-METER (fig. 13). Alternative: TEMPLATE (fig. 14).

h. The Dia-Meter.

( 1) .. Ordinarily, curvature or diameter of an undeformed shell fragment' cannot be obtained except by special means. An instrument capable of measuring diameter from fragments is the Dia-Meter .. The Dia-Meter is made by conversion of the Geneva Lens Measure. See figure 13.

(2) OPERATION. To measure diameter, press the plunger end firmly against the shell or undeformed fragment in a plane perpendicular to the actual or estimated vertical axis. Oscillate the instrument in the hand slightly and take the least reading, which will be the diameter. The shell or fragment should be smooth a~d free from dirt, and an average of several readings should be used,

c.

Template.

,

( 1 ) A simple template can be made in the field for the measurement of diameter of artillery shell fragments. It can be made from aluminum or other metal stock, stamped and milled. to the desired segment diameters in millimeters by local ordnance facilities. It is

, illustrated in figure 14.

(2) USE. This device can differentiate between shells of fairly widely differing calibers, but is considerably less accurate than the Dia-Meter. However, its simplicity of construction and its ready procurement are definite advantages.

25. DESCRIPTION OF READY REFERENCE SECTION.

a. Ready Reference Section, Part Two, consists of tables, drawings, and shell descriptions. Tables are of critical shell characteristics and other identifying information arranged alphabetically by subject. The most significant characteristic in each table is listed in the first

25

Pars. 25·26

TM. E9·1901


column following the nomenclature (translated Japanese designation). A combination of the first three columns in each table gives the number of the drawing which illustrates any particular shell.

h. Drawings of shells are arranged by caliber and type. The type of shell is indicated by letters as follows:

Letter

A B C D E F M R

Type of shell

HE

AP (including APHE) Hollow charge Shrapnel

Incendiary

Smoke

Mortar

Rocket

c. Different modifications of the same caliber and type are 'i indicated by arabic numbers, thus the drawing of the first 70-mm HE shell is marked 70-A-1. A second HE shell in this caliber would be marked 70-A-2, etc. Each drawing shows enough of the exterior of the shell to give all of the known markings in addition to a cutaway view giving critical dimensions. All measurements are given in inches. Also listed, when known, are weapons and fuzes commonly used with

each shell. .

26. METHOD OF USE.

a. To identify a shell or 'shell .fragment, turn to table giving details of any critical characteristics noted or dimension measured. Scanning appropriate column, check shells listed having characteristics similar to that noted on unidentified shell or fragment .. By scanning secondary columns and by reference to other tables, possibilities may be eliminated. Refetence then may be made to drawings byrioting page numbers in the first three columns in each table.

( 1 ) EXAMPLE 1:

A shell fragment, including most of the base, has been recovered.

Critical dimensions have been determined as follows:

,

Inch ••

2.62

Diameter of base

Wall thickness at center of base Width of the one rotating band seat

Wall thickness at lower edge of rotating band

.83 .40 .50

To use the tables for the above shell identification, proceed as follows:

(a) From the list of tables in the table of contents, 'Y9U find that "Diameter" is on page 34. Turn to page 34, follow down the column headed "Base" until you come to 2.62. You see that two pro-

26

TM E9·1901

Pars. 26·27


jectiles have a base diameter of 2.62 inches; 7 cm Model 94 HE and 7 em Model 97 HE Semi-steel.

(b) Next, from the list of tables you find that "Wall Thickness" is on page 45. Turn to page 45. Follow down column headed "Center of Base" until you come to .83. This eliminates the projectile 7 ern Model 97 HE Semi-steel, and you are referred to page 75-A-5 for a drawing of the remaining projectile, 7 ern Model 04 HE. From this drawing you can see that the other two dimensions closely agree. The fragment thus is identified as from a 7 ern Model 94 HE projectile and weapons employing this projectile are listed.

(2) EXAMPLE 2:

Another shell fragment has been recovered. This fragment has been distorted by the burst so the measurements are not too accurate. Approximate dimensions have been determined as follows:

Inch ••

Two rotating band seats-width of each............ .42

Distance between rotating band seats .25

Length from band to bourrelet.................. 2.33

Surface length bourrelet to nose 4.05

(a) Using the list of tables as described above, turn to "Rotating Band and Seat," page 42, follow down the column headed "Width of Rotating Band Seat" until you come to 42. There is no projectile listed opposite .42. Knowing that the measurement of .42 is not accurate, look for those having a width of rotating band seat close to .42 and that have two bands. There are two projectiles, 7 ern Model 90 HE Pointed AA (75-A-l) and 7 cm Model 90 Pointed (75-A-2).

(b) Next, using the list of tables, turn .to "Ogive," page 40, scan down the column headed Surface Length Bourrelet to Nose, looking for the figure' 4.05. The figure 4.02 opposite 7 ern Model 90 HE Pointed AA (75-A-l) is the only one reasonably close. Turning to page 75-A-l, it is noted from the drawing that the other dimension closely agrees. Thus the fragment is identified as the 7 cm Model 90 HE Pointed AA.

27. SPECIAL SECTION ON ROTATING BAND SEAT FRAGMENTS.

a. Field experience has shown that the' fragment most frequently found is that of the seat just under the rotating band. Therefore, plates showing actual size of this portion of the shell only, are shown on pages 48 to 57 inclusive. If a fragment .of the rotating band seat is found, first turn to. these plates where it may be possible to make positive identification of the shell by matching the fragment with the drawings, thus avoiding reference to other tables or drawings. Note that projectiles of different calibers often use the same type of band seat and that the drawings in this section are arranged by type of band seat, all known projectiles having the same type being grouped together.

27

Par. 27

TM E9·1901


Form "A" Individual

SHELLING REPORT

(Use for Artillery, Mortars, and Rockets)

Date.

(A) Who reporting (B) Your map location ..

(C) Estimated direction (Y-azimuth) of enemy guns by crater, flash, smoke, sound (tell which)

Time.

(D) Estimated distance or location of gu':ls, or. slope of fall (averaged)

(E)

Coordinates of shell area ..

(Y-azimuth) and estimated distance from you .

Or direction

(F)

Time shelling started.

(G) Ended -',

(H) Number and tYIJe caliber of guns firing

(I) Number of shells; type of fire (time, rico, perc).

(J) Nature of shelling (CB, Regist.,

. Harassing, OP, Neut., (Preparation), (Interdiction).

(K) Damage (NEVER send by radio "in the clear") .

(L) Flash-bang (time interval between flash and g~n sound) .

~

(M) Remarks (Include anything special you note)

HELP YOUR ARTILLERY KNOCK OUT THE ENEMY'S BY GETTING THIS, COMPLETE AS POSSIBLE, TO HEADQUARTERS IMMEDIATELY AND ACCURATELY.

28

SHELLING REPORT

Form "B"

-I
'~
m
-0
•
-
-0
«:)
:::a
!b
III
'0..
'<:
:::a
!b
-
!b
...
m
::!
0
!b
.....
0..
!b
::!
....
5;
0
III
....
0-
::!
(J)
'<:
en
....
!b
:3
.,.
D
:'I
N
..... Received by Date --'- Organization _

F

G

H

:M

A

Nature of Firel*

---- ---- ----- -----1----1-----1----1------- ------ --- ----- --'""---1------------

------ --- --,------1-----1---- -----1----1----- ---- ---- --- ----- -----------

--------[----[[------ ----- ---- ----- --- --- ----- -------- ---- ------------

B

C

D

Mop Location of Ob,vr.

Direction by Flash, Sound, or Furrow

Distance or Location; Slope of Fall

Reported by (Time)

Area Being Shelled

Time From

Time 10

No, Cat and Typ" of Guns

No. and Type of Shells

K'

Remarks

Flosh-

Damage t Bang

Seconds

N -e

---- --- ---- ----- --- --- ---- ----- ----- ---- ---- --- --------

------1----- ------ ------ ---- ------1-----1------- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----------

------ -----1-----1------- ---- -----1----1------ --- ---- ----- ---- ---------

---- ---- ----- ------ ---- ---- --- ----- ---- --- ---- ------1------------

----- --- ----- ----- -- --- - --- ----- -----1--- --- ---- ----------

I

-,---- ----1---- ------ --- -_ --- ----- --- ---~ ----- -----1---------0---

*CB, Regist., Harassing, O.P. Neut., Inf. Neut. (Preparation) Interdiction. t WILL NEVER be sent "in the clear" by radio.

'PA,RTTWO-R£ADY .REFERENCE SECTION Section VI

"'It D -:s N CD

28.

BASE PLUG.

Drawing No •. Length of ~
I Japanel. Designation (Tran,lation) Diameter Length of Plug Th .... ded P·mion
Caliber TyPe Shell No. in Series
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar 1.22 3.60 .51
.
81 M 3 8 em Hr: Mortar [Naval] 1.22 3.75 .78
90 M 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel 1.34 4.54 .60 -
75 B 1 7 em Model 1 APHE 1.58 1.88 1.43
150 M 1 15 em Model 96 HE Mortar 2.12 8.93 1.00
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval] 2.45 1.19 .98
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval] 2.47 1.30 1.09
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval] 3.60 1.76 1.39
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval] 3.82 1.93 1.50
120 A 3 12 em HE [Naval] 3.95 1.62 1.38
140 A 2 14 em HE [Naval] 4.3T
140 A 3 14 em HE-Capped [Naval] 4.39 2.01 1.65
140 A 1 14 em HE [Naval] 4.62
. 29. BOATTAIL.

w

Drawing No. Surface Length Perpendicular Diameter of
Japanese DesignatiQII (Trl!lnslation) Sloping Wall Length Base
Caliber I Type Shell No. in Series Stoping Wall
I
75 B 1 7 em Model 1 APHE .53 .52 2.65
75 ·A 5 7 em Model 94 HE .77 .75 2.62
75 A 6 7 em Model 97 HE Semi-Steel .77 .75 2.62
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 1.21 1.19 3.11
75 A 3 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed .1.43 1.41 2.65
75 A 4 7 em ~<;lel 90 HE Pointed 1.43 1.41 2.65
75 fA 1 7-em Model 90 HE Pointed AA 1.45 1.42 2.62
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 1.45 1.42 2.65
105· A 1 10 em Model 91 HE Pointed 2.08 2.05 3.41
/
", I

m 000

• ...

000 o

...

"'III a :s

30. BOURRELET.

w ...

Drawing No. Japanese Designation - . Width Bourra'et Distance Rotating Distance Bourrelet
Caliber Type Shell No. in Series (Translation) Diameter Band Band 10 Bou"elel '0 Nose
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE 2.74 4.43 2.92
75 A 1 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed AA 2.94 .60 2.30 4.02
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 2.94 .60 2.30 5.22
75 A 4 7 em Model. 90 HE Pointed 2.94 2.91 5.82
75 A 5 7 em Model 94 HE 2.93 6.41 3.31
75 A 6 7 em Model 97 HE Semi-Steel 2.94
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified HE 2.94 5.28 3.75
75 A ·8 75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors) 2.94 5.04 2.49
75 B 1 7 em Model 1 APHE 2.94
75 C 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow Charge 2.94
75 D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel 2.94 5.24 1.92
75 D 2 2.95 inch Shrapnel [U. S.) 2.94 4.72 .70
75 E 1 i em Incendiary 2.94 6.47 2.80
75 F 1 7 em Model 90 Smoke (WP) 2.94 5.96 3.30
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval) 2.98 3.81 3.70
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval) .- 2.98
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar 3.17 1.41
81 M 3 8 em HE Mortar [Naval) 3.18 1.49
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 3.44 2.77 5.33
90 M 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel 3.53 2.19
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE 4.12 9.03 5.16
120 A 1 12 em HE AA [Naval) 4.69 3.15 7.26
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval) 4.70 4.20 7.20
120 A 3 12 em HE [Naval) 4.70
127 A 1 127 mm fiE AA [Naval) 4.98 1.80 9.45
140 A 1 14 em HE [Naval] 7.44 7.63
140 A 2 14 em HE [Naval) 5.50 7.44 11.19
140 A 3 14 em HE-Capped [Naval) 5.48 6.75 9.47
150 A 1 15 em Model 92 HE 5.83 11.57 7.95
150 F 1 15 em Model 13 Smoke (WP) 5.87 8.85 8.02
150 :M: 1 15 em Model 96 HE Mortar 5.90 5.60
200 R 1 20 em HE Rocket [Naval) 7.96 ..,. J:

m ..

. ...

.. G

_. . :.~

31. CANNELURES (Grooves).

Drawing No. - Distance from
Japanese Designation (Translation) Number Width ao.e
Caliber Type Shell No. in Series
7S B 1 7 em Model 1 APHE 1 .30 .80
7S D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel 1 .34 ;82
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval] 1 .18 .46
120 A 1 12 em HE AA IN aval] 1 .32 .83
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval] 1 .32 .64
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 2 .2S 1.38 w w

.... .~

~

. ....

-0 o _-

.,. D :"

w -

32. DIAMETER (External).

w ....

Drawing No. No ..
Call .... · Type· No. i"n' Japane.e Designation Bale' Bou"".' (Excluding
Shell Seriel (Tranllation) Adapter)
81 M 1 8 em Model 10.0. HE Mortar 1.22 3.17 2.00.
81 M 2 8 em Model 98 HE Mortar 1.22 3.17 2.0.0.
90. M 2: 9 em HE Mortar Semi- Steel 1.25 3.53
90. M 1 I 9' em MOdel 94 HE Mortar 1.27 3.53 1.94
81 M 3' 8 em HE Mortar (Naval) . 1.36 3.Hi 2.21
ISO. M 1 15 em Model. 96 HE Mortar 2.0.9 5.90. 2.42
75 A 1 7 em Model 90. HE Pointed AA 2 .. 60. 2.94 2.11
75 A 5 7 em MOdel 94 HE 2.62 2.93 1.66
75 A 6 7 em Model 97 HE Semi- Steel 2.62 2.94 1.66
75 A 2 7 em Model 90. HE Pointed 2c65· 2.94 1.70.
75 A 3 7 em Model 90. HE Pointed 2.65 2.94 1.70.
75 A 4 7 em Model 90. HE Pointed 2.65 2.94 1.70.
75 B 1 7 em Model 1 APHE 2.65 2.94
70. A 1 7 em Modei 92 HE 2.73 2.74 1.66
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified HE 2.92 2.94 1.25
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors} 2.92 2.93 2.72
75 C 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow Charge 2.92 2.94 1.25
75 D 1 7 em Model 90. Shrapnel 2.92 2.94 2.60.
75 E 1 7 em Incendiary 2.92 2.94 2.0.3
75 F 1 7 em Model 90. Smoke (WP) 2.92 2.94 1.66
75 D 2 2.95 inch Shrapnel [U. S.) 2.93 2.94 2.85
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval} 2.96 . 2.98 2.11
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval) 2.98 2.98 1.78
88 A 1 8 em Model 100. HE Pointed AA 3.11 3.44 2.36
! 10.5 A 1 10. em Model 91 HE Pointed 3.41 4 .. 12 1.90.
10.5 A 2 10. em Model 91 HE 4.0.9 4.12 1.66
120. A. 1 12 em HE AA [Naval) 4.68 4.69 2.28
120. A 2 12 em HE [Naval) 4.69 4.70. 2.31
120. A 3 12 em HE )N aval] 4.69 4.70.
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval) 4.96 4.98 2.31
140. A 3 14 em HE· Capped [Naval} 5.46 5.48
140. A 1 14 em HE [Naval) 5.47 2.31
ISO. F . 1 15 em Model 13 Smoke (WP) 5.80. 5.87 1.72
150. A 1 15 em Model 92 HE 5.81 5.83 1.66
20.0. R 1 20. em HE Rocket [Naval) ( 7.27 7.96 2.30.
140. A 2 14 em HE [Naval) 5.50. /

(

{

.,. D. ~.

W N

33. FINS.

~~
DRAWING NO. ~ Maximum
. Number
Caliber Type No. in Japanese Designation Number Diameter Thickness Rows of
Sheri 5etlii. (Translation) of Fins of Fini of Fins Holes
-
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar 6 3.16 .08 3
90 M 1 9 ern Model 94 HE Mortar 6 3.52 .08 4
90 M 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel 6 3.52 .08 4
81 M 3 8 en) HE Mortar IN aval] 12 3.18 .06 3 w UI

III -0

•

-

ioO

o

-

.,. G =' W W

34. FUZE.

.-
Drawing No. r
Japanese Designation (Translation) Type • location Metal length Maximum
Caliber Type Shen No. i.n Series Diameh.r
.----- ----- ---- ------ ---- ----
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE Modef88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
ModeJ 88 Short Delay or Steel
75 A 1 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed AA Model 89 Time Nose Brass 3.79 2.10
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
Model 88 Short Delay or Steel
7~ A 5 7 cm Model 94 HE Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
75 A 6 7 ern Model 97 HE Semi-Steel Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
75 A 7 7 cm Model 98 Modified HE Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors] Selective -Super- Nose Brass' 3.00 2.25
Quick or Short Delay
75 B 1 7 cm MOdel 1 APHE Model 1 Medium Short Base Steel 1.88 '2.05
Delay
75 C 1 7 ern Model 2 Hollow Charge Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
or Steel
75 D 1 7 cm Model 90 Shrapnel . ModelS Combination Nose Brass 2.90 2.59
75 D 2 2.95 inch Shrapnel [U. S.] 07 21 second comb. Nose Brass 2.56 2.38
75 E 1 7 cm Incendiary Model 88 Instant. Nose . Brass 2.83 1.25
or Steel
75 F 1 7 ern Model 90 Smoke (WP) Model 88 Instant. Nose ' Brass 2.83 1.25
or Steel
76 A 1 8 cm HE AA (Naval] Navy Powder Time Nose Brass 3.79 2.10
76 A 2 8 cm HE [Naval] Navy ModelS Nose Brass 1.88 1.77
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar Model 100 Mortar Fuze Nose Brass 2.07 1.26
81 M 2 8 cm Model 98 HE Mortar Model 93 Mortar Fuze Nose Brass 2.07 1.25
81 M 3 8 cm HE Mortar [Naval] Navy Mort;ir Fuze Nose Brass 2.70 1.34 .m 000

• -.

000 o

-

... ....

88 I A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA Model '100 Mechanical No~e Aluminum 4.37 2.36
Time and Percussion
90 M- 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel Model 93 Mortar Fuze Nose Brass 2.07 1.'25
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
120 A 1 12 em HE AA [Naval] Navy Model 91 Series Nose Stainless 2.99 2.30
Steel
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval] Navy Model 88 Nose Brass 3.2 2.3
120 A 3 12 em HE [Naval] Navy Model 3 Base Brass & 5,31 1.55
i Aluminum
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval] Navy Model 91 Series Nose Stainless 2.99 2.30
! Steel
140 A 1 14 em HE [Naval] Navy Model 88 Nose Brass 3.2 2.3
140 A 2 14 em HE [Naval] Navy Fuze Base Steel 3.00
140 A 3 14 em HE-Capped [Naval] Navy Fuze Base Steel 3.00
150 A 1 15 em Model 92 HE Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
~50 F 1 15 em Model 13 Smoke (WP) Model 88 Instant. Nose Brass 2.83 1.25
200 R 1 20 em HE Rocket [Naval] Rocket Fuze Nose Steel 2.87 1.29 m -0

• -

-0

o

-

." a :s

w olio

35. LENGTH.

w C»

_ Drowing No. Bourrelet
Japanese Designation (Translation) Baseto Band Band 10 to Nose Base to Total Totol Fuz«ld
Cal!ber I Type No. in lower Edge Bourrelet (ExCluding Bourrelet Unfuzed
Shell Series Adapler)
---------- ----- --------------------------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval] .44 9.90 11.00
140 A 1 14 em HE [Naval] .56 7.44 8.82 10.63 19.44 21.62
140 A 2 14 em HE [Naval] .56 7.44 11.19 10.62 21.81 21.81
140 A 3 14 em HE-CaI=ped [Naval] .60 7.10 9.47 10.27 21.72 21.72
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval] .76 3.81 3.70 5.57 9.27 12.64
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval] .80 4.20 7.20 6.97 14.17 16.35
75 C 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow Charge .96 5.84 2.23 7.20 9.43 11. 73
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE" 1.09 4.43 2.92 5.92 9.21 11.51
75 D 2 2.95 inch Shrapnel [U. S.] 1.20 4.72 .70 5.95 7.95 9.69
120 A 3 12 em HE [Naval] 1.20 16.39 16.39
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA' [Naval] 1-.28 2.12 9.45 14.85 17.22
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE ' 1.37 9.03 5.16 11.27 16.81 19.11
75 A 5 7 em Model 94 HE 1.49 6.41 3.31 8.31 11.98 14.28
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified HE 1.50 5.28 3.75 7.18 10.93 13.23
75 E 1 7 em Incendiary 1.50 6.47 2.80 8.37 11.94 14.24
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors] 1.51 5.04 2.49 7.14 10.62 13.35
75 F 1 7 em Model 90 Smoke (WP) 1.52 5.96 3.30 7.04 11.55 13.85
75 D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel 1.53 5.24 1.92 7.17 9.21 11.54
75 B 1 7 em Modell APHE 1.54 9.32 10.28
75 A 6 7 em Model 97 HE Semi-Steel 1.55 10.73 12.03
120 A 1 12 em HE AA (Naval] 1.58 3.15 7:26 6.71 13.97 16.34
150 A 1 15 em Model 92 HE . 1.60 11.57 7.95 13.99 22'.31 24.61
150 F 1 15 em 'Model 13 Smoke (WP) 1.60 8.85 8.02 11.05 19.44 21.74
75 A 1 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed AA 2.17 2.30 4.02 5.52 10.15 13.51
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 2.20 2.30 5.22 5.52 12.56 14.86
75 A 4 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 2.20 ' 2.91 5.82 5.51 12.56 14.86
88 A 1 8 'em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 2.53 . 2.77 5.33 6.51 11.84 16.21
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar 1.41 5.29 11.54 13.07
81 M 3 8 ern HE Mortar [Naval] 1.49 5.51 11.21 13.41
90 M 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel 2.19 6.16 14.28 15.81
200 R 1 20 em HE Rocket (Naval] 40.8 42.7 ." a :s

w UI

m .0.

. ....

.0 o

....

36. NOSE.

w -e

Drawing No. Wa II" Thickness Length of Number of
Japanese Designation (Translation) ,Diom.eter BaHom of Threaded Portion Threads
Caliber Type Shell No. in Threads
Series
-------~ --------
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified"HE 1.25 .34 .66 8),1
75 C 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow Charge 1.25 .50 -. 60 6
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE 1.66 .44 .77 9),1
75 A 5 7 em Model 94 HE 1.66 .48 .75 8),1
75 A 6 7 em Model 97 HE Semi-Steel 1.66 .48 .75 8),1
75 F 1 7 em Model 90 Smoke (WP) 1.66 .45 .75 9),1
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE 1.66 .70 .77 9),1
150 A 1 15 em Model 92 HE 1.66 .65 .77 9),1
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 1.70 .35 .59 7
75 A 4 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 1. 70 .35 .59 7
150 F 1 15 em Moder 13 Smoke (WP) 1. 72 .57 .55 6
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval] 1.78 ---- .44 .75 9
90 - M 1 9 em Model 94 HE Mortar 1.94 .18 .45 6
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar 2.00 .39 .46 6
81 M 2 8 em Model 98 HE Mortar 2.00 .39 .46 6
75 E 1 7 em Incendiary 2.03 .45 .56 5),1
75 A 1 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed AA 2.11 .35 ~ .98 11
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval] 2.11 .52 .80 8),1
81 M 3 8 em HE Mortar [Naval] 2.21 7),1
120 A 1 12 em HE AA [Naval] 2.28 .76 1.14 10),1
200 R 1 20 em HE Rocket [Naval] 2.30 1.00 1.15 11
120 A 2 12 em HE [NavaW 2.31 .65 .63 .7
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval] 2.31 .70 1.14 11
140 A 1 14 em HE [Naval] 2.31 1.19
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 2.36 .42 .98 10
150 , M 1 15 em Model 96 HE Mortar 2.42 1.41 1.52 17
75 D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel 2.67 .20
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Dutch BOfors] 2.72 .28 .84 6),1
75 D 2 2.95 inch Shrapnel [U. S.] 2.85 .13 .25 5 m -0

.

-

-0

o

-

37. OGIVE.

Drawing No. Surface length Diameter at Bale
': Japanese Designation (Tranilation) Surface Length Perpendicular
Caliber Type No. in Bourrelet to Nose length Screw-en Section Screw~on Sedio"
Shell Series , Bourrelet to Nose
_----_ _--------
75 D 2 vis inch Shrapnel [U. S.] .70 .70 2.85
81 M 3 8 em HE Mortar [Naval] 1.63 1.49
75 D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel 1.95 1.92
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors] 2.50 2.49 1.00 2.72
75 E 1 7 em Incendiary 2.85 2.80
90 M 1 9 em Model 94 HE Mortar 2.85 2 .. 19
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE 3.00 2.92
75 F 1 7 em Model 90 Smoke (WP)· 3.40 3.30 4.24 2.92"
75 A 5 7 em Model 94 HE 3.44 3.31
76 A 1 8 em HE M.[Naval] 3.74 3.70
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified HE 3.97 3.75 2.02 2.66
75 A 1 7 COm Model 90 HE Pointed AA 4.03 4.02·
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 5.27 5.22
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE 5.37 5.16
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 5.38 5.33
150 . M 1 15 em Model 96 HE Mortar 6.02 5.60
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval] 7.32 7.20
120 A 1 12 em HE AA [Naval] 7.37 7.26 ,
.
150 A 1 15 em Model 92 HE 8.35 7.95
150 F 1 15 em Model 13 Smoke (WP) 8.44 6.78
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval] 9.57 9.45
140 A 3 14 em HE-Capped [Naval] 10.05 9.47
140 A ~ 1 14 em HE [Naval] 7:63
140 A 2 14 .cm HE [Naval] 11.19
90 M 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel 2.19
75 C 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow charge 2.44 2.91 ." Q

=' w ....

m -0

. ...

-0 o

~ ...

.Tables

Pal'. 3'1

This page lias been left blank intentionally.

41

..

38. ROTATING BAND AND SEAT.

... N

Distance I; Number .of
Drawing Ne., Width of Type Between' . ~nurling .. --Length Base to
(Translation) Rotating Bond Depth Nu,mber Rotating Per Inch of Band
Caliber Type No. in Japanese Designation Band' Seot- of Seat ~. of Bands Bond Under Knurling, Lower
Shell Series - Seat (,fig.1S) SeQ's Wand, Edge
---- -_-- ---- ---- ---
70' A 1 7 cm Model 92 HE .4(iJ A .0'8 1 17, .25 1 .00tlJ
75 A 1 7 cm Model 90' HE Pointed AA .40' B .0'8 2* .25 17 .25 2.17
75 A 2 7 cm Model 90' HE Pointed .40' B .08 2* .25 17 .25 2,.20'
75 A 3 7 cm Model 90' HE Pointed .4(l A .0'8 1* 17 .25 2.20'
75 A 4 7 cm Model 90' HE Pointed .40' A .0'8 1 IT .25 2.20'
75 A 5 7cm Model 94 HE .40' A .0'8 1 17 25 1.49
75 A 6 7"cm Model 97 HE Semi-Steel .40' A .0'8. 1 17 .. 25 1. 55
75 A 7 7 cm Model 98 Modified HE .40' A .0'8 1 17 .25 1.50'
75 B 1 7 em Model 1 APHE .40' D .0'8 1 12Y2 .18 154
75 C 1 7 ern Model 2 Hollow Charge .40' A .08 1 17 .25 .96
75 D 1 7 cm Model 90' Shrapnel .40' A .0'8 1 17 .25 1.53
75 E 1 7 ern Incendiary .40' A .0'8 1 1.7 .25 1. 50'
75 F 1 7 ern Model 90' Smoke (WP) .40' A .0'8 1 17 .25 1. 52
88 A 1 8 em Model 10'0' HE Pointed AA .49 E .13 2 .23 8Y2 21 2.53
75 D 2 2.95 inch Shrapnel [U. S.] .53 C .0'8 1 25 .37 1.20'
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors] .59 F .0'8 1 i 51
ISO' F 1 15 ern Model 13 Smoke (WP) .60' A .15 1 18 .37 1. 60'
ISO' A 1 15 ern Model 92 HE .82 A ,12 1 17, .55 1. 60'
10'5 A 1 10' cm Model 91 HE Pointed .86 F 12 1* 3{)8
10'5 A 2 10' ern Model 91 HE .86 F 12 1 1. 37
20'0' R 1 20' cm HE Rocket .98 H
76 A 1 8 ern HE AA [Naval] 1 0'0' H .0'6 1 .. 76
76 A 2 8 ern HE [Naval] 1. 0'0' G .0'6 1 .44
140' A 2 14 cm HE [Naval] L 12 2 .38 .56
140' A 3 14 ern HE-Capped [Naval] 1.12 I .10' 2 .33 .60'
140' A 1 14 ern HE [Naval] 1.13 2 .37 .56
120' A 3 12 ern HE [Naval] 1.25 G .10' 1 1. 20
120' A 2' 12 ern hE [Naval] 1. 97 J .0,9 1 80
120' A 1 12 ern HE AA [Naval] 1.98 J .10 1 1. 58
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval] 2.0'0' J .11 1 1. 28
- *CAUTION: This shell a!so has a bourrelet band.

m 000

.

-

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-t
~~~~~~~~~~ = ~
A D Emtm H
m
-0
•
-
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-

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r

~~~~~~~~~~ E f=

~.
B
1=
~~~~~~~~~~ '""l
.. ~,
w -
(!)
en

F ~IIIIIII.~
,
II1II ~
C
G ~~ J
~~ ~

."
g
RA PD 10~450 ~
figure J 5-Type Band Seat (Column 6, "Rotating Band and Seat" J w
00 j9. THREAD COUNT.

... ...

Drawing No.
Japane5e Deiigncilion (Tranllatian) Screw-on
Caliber Type I No. in ~u'Ze Pocket Adapter Pock.t Portion of Ogive Base Plug
Shell Series
----- ------ ------ ------
75 D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel 3
75 A 8 75 mm HE [Duteh Bofors] 4.\1 6.\1
75 C , 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow Charge 6 7
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar 7 6 4
81 M 2 8 em Model 98 HE Mortar 7 6 6
90 M 1 9 em Model 94 HE Mortar 7 6 '9
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval] 7 10.\1
150 M 1 15em Model 96 HE Mortar 7 17 7
75 A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 8 7
75 A 3 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 8 7
75 A 4 7 em MOdel 90 HE Pointed 8 7
81 M 3 8 em HE Mortar [Naval] 8 7.\1 11
105 A. 1 10 em Model 91 HE Pointed 8 5
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE 8 9.\1
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE 8.\1 9.\1
75 A 5 7 em Model 94 HE 8.\1 8.\1
75 A 6 '7 em Model 97 HE Semi-Steel 8.\1 8Yz
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified HE. 8Yz 5Yz
75 E 1 7 em Incendiary 8Yz 5Yz
75 ,E 1 ·7 em Model 90 Smoke (WP) 8Yz 9.\1 4Yz
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval] 8Yz 10.\1
150 A 1 15 em Model 92 HE' 8Yz 9Yz
150 i F 1 15 em Model 13 Smoke (WP) 8Yz 6 7
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval] 9 12.\1
75 D. 2 2.95 ineh Shrapnel [U. S.] 10 5
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA 10
1:20 A 1 12 em HE AA [Naval] 10Yz
75 A 1 '7 em Model 90 HE Pointed AA 11
127 A 1 12.7 rnrn HE AA [Naval] 11 10Yz
200 R 1 20 em HE Rocket [Naval) 11 8
75 B 1 '7 em Model 1 APHE 16
120 j A .3 12em HE {Naval] 10Yz
140 . A 3 14 em HE-Capped [Naval) 12 ..,. D

=' W ,·0

\.

.... en

40. WALL THICKNESS.
Drawing No. - La"wer Edge of BoHom of
Japanese Designatjon (Translation) .' Center of Upper Edge of Bourre •• t Th;'ading at
Calibe, Type No. in Baoe '~ Rotating Band Rotating .Band NOle
Shell Series
-----_
75 D 2 2.95 ineh Shrapnel [U. S.) .30 .22 .37 .22 .13
75 A 7 7 em Model 98 Modified HE .38 .41 .41 .17 .34
75 D 1 7 em Model 90 Shrapnel. .39 .39 .41 .15 .20
75 E 1 7 em Incendiary .55 .38 .37 .33 .45
70 A 1 7 em Model 92 HE .57 .36 .38 .21 .44
75 F 1 7 em Model 90 Smoke (WP) .58 .37 .36 .34 .33
75 C 1 7 em Model 2 Hollow Charge .64 .41 ~52 .27 .31
76 A 1 8 em HE AA [Naval) .65 .52 .52 .52
75 A 8 .75 mm HE [Dutch Bofors) .70 .46 .42 .28
120 A 3 12 em HE [N aval .75 .69
75 A 5 7 em Model 94 HE .83 .49 .50 .37 .48
105 A 2 10 em Model 91 HE .83 .63 .63 .53 .70
150 A 1 15· em Model 92 HE .86 .80 .83 .57 .65
140 A 3 14 em HE-Capped [Naval) .9.2 .92 .97
88 A 1 8 em Model 100 HE Pointed AA .95 .53 .51 .54 .42
120 A 2 12 em HE [Naval) .97 .88 .88 .65
150 F 1 15 em Model 13 Smoke (WP) 1.20 .69 .69 .64 .57
75 A 6 7 em Model 97 HE Semi-Steel 1.23 .92 1.02 .47 .48
127 A 1 127 mm HE AA [Naval) 1.29 .90 .91 .70
76 A 2 8 em HE [Naval) 1.30 .42 .42 .44
75 A 1 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed AA 1.35 .59 .62 .44 .35
75 ' A 2 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 1.42 .59 .44 .35
75 A 3 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 1.42 .59 .59 .44 .35
75 A 4 7 em Model 90 HE Pointed 1.42 .59 .5~ .44 .35
105 A 1 - 10 em Model 91 HE Pointed 1.42 .61 .61 .48 .32
120 A 1 12 em HE AA [Naval) 1.51 .89 .86 .7.6
200 R , 1 20 em HE Rocket [Naval) 2.75 .47 .37 .47 .84
75 B 1 7 em Modell APHE .70 .68
81 M 1 8 em Model 100 HE Mortar .33 .39
81 M 2 8 em Model 98 HE Mortar .33 .39
81 M 3 8 em HE Mortar [Naval) .33
90 M 1 9 em Model 94 HE Mortar .18
90 M 2 9 em HE Mortar Semi-Steel .42
140 A 1 14 em HE [Naval) .98 1.00
140 A 2 14 em HE [Naval) .98 1.00
150 M· 1 15 em Model 96 HE Mortar .38 1.31 m 00

.

-

00

o

.. o

Section VII

WEAPONS CHARACTERISTICS CHART

Maximum Range E c E ~ ~
Weight Raleof " 0 :::»0; i
of E;: E; ~
Pointed Q»mmon Muzzle Fira .- a > a-
Co,Jibe, Type Nomenclature Shell ~ > ~l a Remarks
Shell Shell Velocity ~i! a G ~ C ,
a
--- :lEe ~
~ Yards Yards F/S ~ RDS/Min ~ ----,;w.- ----,;w.-
--- ,---
70 Ho;'" 7 em Model 92
Infantry How. 3050 650 8.3 10 890 180 800 Horse
70 Gun 7 em Model 94
Tank Gun 8.3
75 Gun 7 em Model 41 Paekor
Mountain Gun 7800 7000 1250 14.0 10 710 320 110 Horse
Mountain Gun 9080 7630 1260 14.0 800 180 800 Paek
Field Gun 9025 1706 14.0 280 140 120 Horse
75 Gun 7 em Modified
Model 38 10-
Field Gun 10900 8720 1740 14.0 12 800 140 120 Horse
Calvalry Gun 12000 14.0 280 140 210 Horse
Field Gun 12000 10030 1740 14.0 760 140 890 Horse
Field Gun 15300 10000 2230 14.0 760 140 760 Motor
75 Gun 7 em Model 88 10-
Field AA Gun 15000 2360 14.4 15 1510 0 6400 Motor
Field AA Gun 11000 1740 14.4 1510 180 6400
76 Gun 8 em AA Gun
[Naval) 11800 2220 13.5 1330 90 6400
76 Gun 8 em Low Angle
Gun [Naval) 8700 2260 13.8 360 90 6400
81 Mortar 8 em Model 97 Man-
r ar 3100 6.75 load Mot

( \

(

m ..0

•

-

..0

o

-

.. t

81 I Mortar 8 em Model 99 Mnin·
Mortar 2200 6. 7& 1250 1"20' load
81 Mortar 8 cm Model 3
Mortar [Naval] 3050 6.99
88 Gun 8 cm Model 99
AA Gun 17500 2620 19.9 2~ 1420 120 6400 Source: Prisoner
of War
90 Mortar 9 ern Mcdel94
Mortar 4050 11 .6 180
90 Mortar 9 cm Model 97
Mortar 4050 11.
100 Gun 10 ern Model 98
AAGun 20400 3310 28. 7 15 1600 180 6400
105 How 10 ern Model 91
Howitzer 12000 1790 34. 1150 120 800
Gun 19840 '2510 34.6 850 180 640 Motor
105 Gun 10 cm Model 14
Gun 165.00 2040 34.6 76.0 9@ 530
105 Gun 10 cm Medel 38 Gun 10900 1770 34.6 270 40" 530
120 How 12 em Model 38 Howitzer 6300 900 44 750 9Q 1140
120 Gun 12 ern AA Gun [Naval] 17100 2700 45.5 10-12 1330 180 6400
120 Gun 12 ern Low Angle Gun [Naval] 16500 2700 45.4 590 12() 6400
127 Gun 127 mm AA Gun [Naval] 15400 2360 50.8 12~15 1590 140 6400
140 Gun 14 em Low Angle ~un [Naval] 19000 2780 84 53.0 120 6400
150 How 15 em Model 38 Howitzer 79.5 76.0 .0 70
150 How 15 ern Model 96.Ho.jlVitzer 13000 11400 1773 79.5 133Q 120 530 Motor
150 How 15 cmModel 4 Howitzer 9480 1343 79.5 116.0 90 no Horse
150 Gun 15 ern Model 45 Gun 15800 2500
150 Gun 15 cm Model 89 Gun 88.5
150 Gun 15 cm Model 96 Gun 111.
150 Mortar 15 em Model 96 Mortar 56.6
152 Gun 15 em Low Angle Gun [Naval] 20900 2780
200 Rocket 20 cm Rocket Launcher
(Trough) [Naval] 1970 195
20.0 Rocket 20 cm Rocket Launcher (Tube) 2800 195 Note: Characteristics given above are the best available as of 1 May 1945.·However, they 'have been compiled principallyfrom'cap.tured documents, The information should be considered accordingly,

() :lIb "1 ....

III ..0

.

-

-0

o

-

SeetipnVIII

II,LUSTRA.T'ONS Of FRAG~~NT$ OF ~O"~TI~G B4~D SEATS ClQ SEATS), 70·A·1 TQ ~OQ .. R.,.1

.0

112-112 RAISED KNl)RLINGS PER INCH

29~ INCH MOUNTAIN GUN [u. s.] -

.08

7CM MODEL 38 FIELD GUN 7CM MODEL 41 CAVALRY-GUN

7CM MODIFIED MODEL 38 FIELD GUN 7CM MODEL 95 FIELD GUN

7CM MODEL 90 FIELD GUN

7CM MODEL 41 MOUNTAIN GUN 7CM MODEL 94 MOUNTAIN GUN

RA PD 103451

Figure J 6-Rotating Band Seats-Details I Actual SizeJ 48

TM 59·1901

•

INC

.13

'8CM MODEL 99 AA GUN

.1

\ '

I

.86

_j

10eM MODEL 91 HOWITZER lOCM MODEL 92 GUN

10CM 'MODEL 14 GUN

10CM MODEL 38 GUN

RA PO 103452

Figure 17-Rotating Band Seats-DetailS' I Actual Sizel-Contd. 49

TM E9·1901

1

.59

_J

.08

•

75MM DUTCH BOFORS

SCM LOW ANGLE GUN [NAVAL]

·fr if

.1

12CM LOW ANGLE GUN [NAVAL]

q

RA PD 103453

Fig,ure 18-Rotating Band Seats-Details' Actual ,SizeJ-Contd. 50

TM E9·1901

{17 INDENTATIONS PER INCH

.0

7CM MODEL 92 INFANTRY HOWITZER 7CM MODEL 38 FIELD GUN

7CM MODEL 41 CAVALRY GUN

7CM MODIFIED MODEL 38 FIELD GUN 7CM MODEL 95 FIELD GUN

7CM MODEL 90 FIELD GUN

7CM MODEL 88 FIELD AA GUN

7CM MODEL 41 MOUNTAIN GUN

7CM MODEL 94 MOUNTAIN GUN

.12

15CM MODEL 4 HOWITZER 15CM MODEL 38 HOWITZER

RA PD 103454

Figure '9-Rotating Ba"d Seats-Details IActual SizeJ-Contd. 51

TM E9·1901

.15

18 INDENTATIONS PER INCH

lSCM MODEL 4 HOWITZER

1 SCM MODEL 38 HOWITZER

{17 INDENTATIONS PER INCH

7CM MODEL 90 'FIELD GUN 7CM MODEL 88 FIELD AA GUN

.A PO 103455

figure 20--Rotating Band S'eats-Detai's (Actual Size J-Contd. 52

TM E9·1901

.1

~

1.12

_J

.33

1

1.12

J

'14CM LOW ANGLE GUN [NAVAL)

RA PD 103456

figure 2J,";"Rotating Band Seats-Details' I Actual SizeJ-Contd. 53

TM E9·1901

.06

8CM AA GUN. [NAVAL)

20CM AA ANTI SUB GUN [NAVAL) 20CM ROCKET

(SOME 20CM ROCKETS DO NOT HAVE THIS GROOVE)

RA PD 103457

. Figure 22~Rofatin9 Band Seats-Details fActual Sizel-Contd. 54

TM E9·1901

12CM LOW ANGLE GUN [NAVAL)

RA PD 103458

figure 23-Rotating- Band Seats-De!~_il~ tActual SizeJ-Contd. 55

TM E9·1901

.10

12CM MODEL 11 AA GUN [NAYAl]

RA PD 103459

Figure 24-Rotating Band Seats-Details tAdual Sizel-Contd. 56

TM E9~1901

Figure 25-Rotating Band Seats-Details (Actual SizeJ-Contd. 57

TM E9-1901

Section IX

PROJECTILE DATA AND ILLUSTRATIONS

The drawings and data sheets are, keyed using the following system: ( 1) The first number denotes the caliber of the shell, the letter denotes the type (HE, AP, etc.) and the last number denotes the number of the shell in its particular series.

(2 j Thus 75-A-l means a 7 cm high explosive shell which is number one in its own series.

This system is used to enable additional sheets to be inserted in

correct position. .

58

TM E9·1901

7CM (70MM) MODEL 92 HE

ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

RA PD 103461

70·A·l

59

'<, TM E9-1901

, '

PROJECTILE: 7cm (70mm) MODEL 92 HE

WEAPONS: 7cm Model 92 Howitzer

7 ern Model 94 Tank Gun

PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Type Weight"

(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER FUZES:

REMARKS:

70-A-l

70mm Shell HE

8.4 lbs.

,Black

One yellow or one yellow and one white

1.30 lbs.

TNT has been found

,None

Model 88 Instantaneous (Howitzer-Mortar Type) Nose Fuze

Model 88 Short Delay (Howitzer-Mortar Type) Nose Fuze

Model 88 Short Delay (Gun Type) Nose Fuze

Captured documents indicate that the Gun Type Fuze is used when this projectile is fired from the, tank gun and that the Howitzer Mortar Type Fuze is used when this projectile is fired from the howitzer.

60

TM E9·1901

7CM (75MM) MODEL 90 POINTED AA

13 THOS. PER INCH

A~l O/MEN~/ONS IN INeHES

RA PD 103462

75·A.'

61

TM· E9·1901

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) MODEL 90 HE POINTED AA

WEAPONS: 7cm Model 88 Field AA Gun

7 ern Model 88 Field AA Gun (Special)

PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Type Weight

(with Fuze) Color.

75mm Shell HE

14.4 lbs.

Black

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

One yellow or ope yellow and one white

0.85 lb.

TNT has been found

TRACER FUZES:

None

Model 89 Time (Powder Train) Nose Fuze and Auxiliary Fuze

REMARKS:, 75·A·l

62

TM E9·1901

lCM (15MM) MODEL 90 HE POINTED

All DIMENSIONS IN INCHES

75·A·2

63

TM !9.1901

PROJECT1LE:

WkAPONS:

PROJEC1'lL..E; Caliber

Kind

Type

Weight

(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER FUZE:

REMARK.S:

7Gfil (75rfifil) MODEL gO H~ pmNTED 7em M~dei ,gO Field GUn

7 em Model 88 'Fieid AA Gun (Special)

1Srhm Sheil HIt

14.0 lbs.

Black

QtU! yetlO\\! of I;;fie yell©w anti otte white

1;19 Ib8.

'tN'I' has beeti found

NoBe

Model 881nstantartMU§ (Gun Type) Nose Fuze Model 88 Short belay (Gull Type) Nose :Fuze

This projectile has two rotating; bands Ilfid a

bourrelet band

64

7CM (75MM) MODEL 90 HE POINTED

TM E9.190-1

ALl DIMENSIONS IN.J.NCHES

65

RA PD 103464

75·A·3

TM E9.·1901

PROJECTILE:

WEAPONS:

PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER

FUZES:

REMARKS:

75·A·3

7cm (75mm) MODEL 90 HE POINTED
7cm Model 38 Field Gun
7cm Model 41 Cavalry Gun
7cm Modified Model 38 Field Gun
7cm Model 94 Mountain Gun
7cm Model 88 Field AA Gun (Special) 75mm Shell HE

14.0 lbs.

Black

One yellow or one white and one yellow

1.19 lbs.

TNT has been found

None

Model 88 Instantaneous (Gun Type) Nose Fuze Model 88 Short Delay (Gun Type) Nose Fuze

. This projectile has one rotating band and a bourrelet band.

66

TM E9·1901


67

RA PD 103465

75·A·4

TM E9·1901

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) MODEL 90 HE POINTED

WEAPONS: 7cm Model 38 Field Gun

7 cm Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7cm Modified Model 38 Field Gun ,7cm Model 95 Field Gun


7 cm Model' 94 Mountain Gun

7cm Model 88 Field AA Gun (Special)

PROJECTILE:

Caliber

Kind '.

Type

Weight

(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER

FUZES:

REMARKS:

75·A·4

75mm Shell HE

14.0 lbs.

Black


1.19 lbs.

TNT has been found

None

Model 88 Instantaneous (Gun Type) Nose Fuze Model 88 Short Delay (Gun Type) Nose Fuze-

This projectile has one rotating band and does

not have a bourrelet band.

68

1M ·E9·1901

1eM 115MM) MODEL 94 HE'

1 .98


2.91

MARKING SYSTEM

J

RA PD 103466

75·A·5

69

TM E9·1901

PROJECTILE:

WEAPONS:.

PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER FUZES:

REMARKS: 75·A·5

7em (75mm) MODEL 94 HE 7em Model 38 Field Gun 7em Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7em Modified Model 38 Field Gun Tcta Model 95 Field Gun

7 em Model 90 Field Gun

7 em Model 41 Mountain Gun 7 em Model 94 Mountain Gun

7em Model 88 Field AA Gun (Special) 7 em Model 11 Field AA Gun

75mm Shell HE

13.3 lbs.

Black


. ,.

1.78 lbs.

Mixture of AmmoniumNitrate, Guanidine NitratepCyclonite, or TNT

None

Model 88 Instantaneous (Gun Type) Nose Fuze Model 88 Short Delay'(Oun Tyoe) Nose Fuze

70

TM E9~1901

7CM (75MMJ MODEL 97 HE SEM/.STEEL

BAND

17 INDENTED SLOTS PER INCH


RA I'D 103467

75·A·6

71

1'M: ·E9·1901

WEAPONS:

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) MODEL 97 HE SEMI-STEEL

PRO JECTILE:


(with Fuze)' Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER FUZES:

REMARKS:

75·A·6

7cm Model 38 Field Gun 7cm Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7 ern Modified Model 38 Field Gun 7cm Model 95 Field Gun

7 cm Model 41 Mountain Gun

75mm Shell HE

13.4 lbs.

Black

One green or on~l'ellow and one green

;~. r.~,

0.86 lb.

TNT has been found None

Model 88 Instantaneous (Gun Type ) Nose Fuze Model 88 Short Delay (Guo.1'ype) Nose Fuze .

Although suspected it is not known definitely

that this projectile is u.s~d in the 7cm Model 90 'Field Gun, the ktj-;' Model 94 Mountain Gun, and the 7cm Model 88 Field AA Gun (Special).

.,7' .

72

1M E9"1901

7CM (75 MM) MODEL 98 MODifIED


RA PO 103468

7S-A-7

73

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) MODEL 98 Modified HE

WEAPONS: 7cm Model 38, Field Gun 7cm Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7 em Modified Model 38 Field Gun 72m Model 95 Field Gun


PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER FUZES:

REMARKS:

75-A-7

75mm Shell HE

10.1 lbs.

Black with the nose painted. white One yellow or one yellow and one white

, I

2 lbs.

TNT has been found

None

Model 88 Instantaneous(Guit:ryp~) Nose Fuze Model 88 Short Delay (Gtiii(;!fype~'Nose Fuze

.»

T4e shell body for this projectile has been converted from shrapnel tq:HE by the addition 'of a heavy steel nose. "

Although suspected, it, is "not known definitely that projectile' is used in toe 7cm Model 90 Field Gun, the 7 cm Model 94 Mountain Gun, and the 7 ern Model 88 Field AA Gun (Special ).

f .

74

TM E9 .. 1901

75 MM HE [DUTCH]

75·A·8

7S

:, TM E9~1901

PROJECTILE: 7Smm HE [DUTCH]

WEAPONS: 7Smm Dutch Bofors

PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze) Color

CHARGE:

Weight Kind

TRACER FUZE:

REMARKS:

75·A·8

7Smm Shell HE

14.67 lbs.

Yellow

1.4 lbs. Picric

None

Selective Super Quick or Short Delay Nose Fuze ~, 'i~i;ii ...

;'iR~tf.nasmuch asquantities ofthis ammunition and

':Y:"~~\veapons have been captured bythe Japanese, ,., ' it may be used against our troops.

"

TM' E9·1901

7CM Ci5MM) MODEl rAPHE

12 THDS, PER INCH ,05

12-1/2 KNURLINGS INCH


RA PD 103470

75·1·1

77

TM E9·1901.

PROJECTILE:

WEAPONS:

PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE: , Weight Kind

TRACER FUZE:

REMARKS: 75·8·1

7cm (75mm) MODEL 1 APHE 7cm Model 38 Field Gun

7cm Model 41 Cavalry Gun 7cm~Modified Model 38 Field Gun 7ct;n Model .95 Field Gun


.7cm Model 94 Mountain Gun 7cmModei 41 Mountain Gun

75mm Shell APHE 14.6 lbs.

Black

One white

0.17 lbs.

Mixture of cyclb1'lite and wax has been

found .. < •

Yes

Model 1 Medium Short Delay Base Fuze

78

TM E9~1901

13 THOS./ PER INCH\

f


RA PD 103471

7S-C-l

79

f:!ROJECTIf-~: 7em (7Smm) fVIODEL 2 fIOLLOW CHt\RG~

WEAPONS: 7 qn Model 41 MQuntain Gun 7qn Model 94 Mountain Gun

PRQJlj:eTILE; :

Caliber . Kind Type W'eigp.t

(with Fuzra'

CgIor '

~ANDS:

GHAROE!

Weight Kil1P

TRACER FUZE;:

REMAR.~S:

75·C~ 1

,

7~Wfl1 Sqrall

Hollow Charge a,g lbs.

J3,~aek

,One yellow

1.7 lbs,

Mixture of ~yc1ohite ~qA TN~ has Q~eB found

None

Mopel 88 Instantaneous (Gun T¥pe) Nos,~FJ.!Zf'! Althqug;h suspected, it As,/PQt fpown definitely that this, pr!'lj~etil~ 'i$/~§l~d iRth~ VClll Mqd~l 3~ Field Gun, 7¢~,Mogf'!l ~1 Qayalry GliB, 7em Mpdifled ~pQ.~l ,Sa fiel4 G4P! VPffi ¥,ppel 9$ Fietd @l:.ini:.Veql Model 9.0 f'iels G)lH, 1!IlP 7 em 'Model 88 Field AA QUfl (~pf'!~i\il) ~

80

TM E9-1901

TCM (TSMM) MODEL 90 SHRAPNEL


RA PD 103472

75-D-l

81

TM E9·1901

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) MODEL 90 SHRAPNEL

WEAPONS: 7cm Model.38 Field Gun

7 em Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7cm Modified Model 38 Field Gun 7cm Model 95 Field Gun.



7 ern Model 94 Mountain Gun

PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Weight

(with Fuze)

Color •

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind:

TRACER FUZE:

REMARKS:

75·D·1

75mm Shrapnel 15.4 Ibs.

Black


. 0.22 lb.

Black powder

None

ModelS Combination Time and Percussion Nose Fuze

This projectile contains 268 (Approximately 5.5 Ibs.) lead balls.

82

TM E9·1901

2.95 INCH SHRAPNEL [U.S.]

14 THDS.

INCH

DIA.

DIA .

.... Oii----".Y< DIA. DIA.

DIA.

DIA.

ROTATING BAND

1/2 KNURLINGS PER INCH

RA PD 103473


75·D·2

83

-; >ivTMIE9·1901

,I

PROJECTILE: 2.95 inch SHRAPNEL [U.S.]

WEAPONS: 2.95 inch Mountain Gun [U.S.]

PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Weight Color

2.95 inches (75mm) Shrapnel

12.50 lbs.

Maroon

CHARGE:

Weight " Kind

2.75 oz.

Black Powder

21 Sec Combination Nose Fuze Model 07 Thi~ projectile cotitains 212 balls.

The Japanese captured some of this ammunition in the Philippines.

FUZES:

REMARKS:

75·D·2

84

7CM (7&~) INCENDIARY

1.

BAND

17 INDENTED SLOTS. PER INCH

RA PD 103474


85

75·E·l

TME9·1901

DIA.

[)IA

DIA.

TM E9·1901

WEAPONS:

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) INCENDIARY

PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze)

Color .

BANDS CHARGE:' Weight Kind

TRACER FUZE:

REMARKS:

75·E·l

7 ern Model 38 Field Gun

7 ern Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7 ern Modified Model 38 Field Gun 7cm Model 95 Field Gun'

'7cm Model 90 Field Gun, 7cm Model 41 Mountain Gun 7 cm Model 94 Mountain Gun

75mm Shell Incendiary 12.1 lbs.

Gray

None

Approx. 1.5 lbs.

Solution of white phosphorus and rubber pellets in carbon disulphid,e

None

.lVI.qdel 88 Instantaneous (Gun Type)

The model number of this projectile has not been determined.

(

86

TM E9·1901

7eM (75 MM) MODEL 90 SMOKE (WP)


RA PD 103475

75·F·l

87

1M '1';;1901

WEAPONS:

PROJECTILE: 7cm (75mm) MODEL 90 SMOKE (WP)

PROJECTILE:


(with Fuze) Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Smoke Bursting

TRACER.

FUZE:

. REMARKS: 75·F·l

7cm M0del38 Field 'Gun. 7cm Model 41 Cavalry Gun

7 ern Modified Model 38 Field Gun 7cm Model 95 Field Gun

7 em Model 90 Field Gun

7 cm Model 41 . Mountain Gun 7 cm Model 94 Mountain Gun

7.5mm Shell Smoke 12.6

White

None

1.54 lbs. of white Phosphorus 0.22 lb. of Picric Acid and Dinitronaphthalene

None

Model 88 Instantaneous (Gun Type)

88


RA PD 103476

76·A·'

89

PROJECTILE: 8 em (3 inch) HE AA [Naval]

WEAPONS: 8 em AA Gun [Naval]

PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Type Weight Color (

3 inches Shell HE

(with Fuze) 13.5 Ibs.

Maroon body with green nose

CHARGE:

Weight Kind

0.97 lb.

Picric has been found

TRACER FUZE:

REMARKS:

None

- .. ~>

Navy Time Nose F~ze; (~~wder }.rain) *

'0° <

The model number of. the projectile or that of ...... ;·the gun from whi.~h .. ,fired have not been

i~·::)Jietermi,ned. . '. ..

:'KTh~ model number of .the' fuze has not been .. 'determined, h wever, the design is identical to the Army Type 8'9 fuze, the only difference being this fuze has Navy inspection starn pings.

.1

76·A·l

90

TM E9.190.1

..

SCM (3 INCH) HE [NAVAL]

DIA.

RA PD 103477

76·A·2

TM' ,E9·1901

PROJECTILE: 8 cm (3 inch) HE [Naval]

WEAPONS: 8 ern Low Angle Gun [Naval]

PROJECT~LE:

Caliber Kind Type Weight Color

3 inches Shell HE

(With Fuze and booster) 13.8 Ibs. Maroon body with green nose

CHARGE:

Weight Kind

1.38 Ibs.

Picric has been found

None

Navy model 5 Nose Fuze

The model number of the projectile or that of . the gun from which fired have not been determined.

TRACER FUZE:

REMARKS:

76·A·2

92

TM E9·1901

\

8CM (81 MM) MODEL 100 HE MORrAR SHELL

OLD MARKING

All DIMENSIONS IN INCHES I

R4 I'D 103<171

93

TM' E9~1901

,PROJECTILE: 8 em (8lmm) Model 100 HE Mortar

WEAPONS: 8 em Model 97 Mortar

PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Type

. Weight

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

.8lmm Mortar Shell HE

(Without Fuze and propelling charge) 6.75 lbs.

Black

One yellow

Color

FUZE:

REMARKS: 81·M·l

1.18 lbs.

TNT has been found

Model 100 Mortar Fuze:

_., y

94

SCM (SrMM) MODEL 98 HE MORTAR SHELL


RA PO 103479 81.M·2

95

.. , TM E9,,' .• 01

PROJltC1'lL'E ; WEAl>ONSi PROJECTILE!

Caliber

Kind 'type Weight

Color BANDS CHARGE:

Weight t :

kind

F''OZE:

REMARKS I 81·M·2

S tim (S1mm) iVH;)del 98 HE Mi;>rUir 8 crrt Madel tJJ1 Mortal'

IHtnm Mortat Shell HE!

(Withbtat Fuze and Propelling Charge) 6.84 lbs,

:Sladt

One yeH6w or 6fie yellow and one white

L09 Ibs. TNT

Model 93 Mortar Fuze

96

8CM (BI MM) HE MORTAR SHELL [NAVAL]


RA liD 1034.0 81·M·3

97

, 'TM E9~~1901

PROJECTILE: 8 ern (81mm) HE Mortar [Naval] WEAPONS: 8 ern Mddel3 Mortar [Naval] PROJECTILE:

Caliber Kind Type Weight Color

BANDS CHARGE:

Weight Kind

81mm Mortar Shell HE

(Without Fuze) 6.99 lbs. Black with red and green nose

None

..

Approximately 1.12 lbs,

Picric acid and Dinitronaphthalene (Tridite)

FUZE:

REMARKS:

-Naval Mortar Fuze

I

The model number of this projectile and that of the fuze have not been determined. _

81·M·3

98

TM E9·1901

8CM (88MM) MODEL roo HE POINTED=Ac-A -----.

99

"<,

OIA

OIA.

DIA.

DIA.

OIA.

RA PD 103481

88·A·l

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WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL