rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; -

,];yhj;ijr; rPuopg;gjw;fhd

Gjpa /gpf;`;

1
 M\p/g; fhd;

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; - ,];yhj;ijr; rPuopg;gjw;fhd Gjpa /gpf;`;

E}yhrphpaiug; gw;wp...

E}yhrphpah; M\p/g; fhd;> 30 taJ epiwe;j ,sk; tphpTiuahsh;. If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpd;

thl;Nghh;l; efhp;y; ,th; tho;e;J tUfpd;whh;. ,tuJ je;ij yh`_h; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ,];yhkpar;
rl;lk; gapd;whh;. ,jd; fhuzkhf M\p/g; ,sk; tajpypUe;Nj ,];yhkpaf; fyhrhuj;ijg; gw;wp
epiwa mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; tha;g;igg; ngw;whh;. M\p/g;> jdJ ,sikg; gUtj;jpNyNa gy gioik
tha;e;j ,];yhkpa E}w;fisg; gbj;jhh;;;;;. ,];yhkpaf; fyhrhuj;ijg; gw;wp kpf Mokhf mwpe;J
nfhs;Sk; jdJ Kaw;rpiaj; njhlh;e;jhh;. ,];yhkpa Ml;rpaikg;G> r%f mikg;G> nghUshjhu
mikg;G vd;gdtw;Wld; ,];yhkpa mfPjh> c]_Yj;jPd;> c]_Yy; /gpf;`;> ,[;jp`hj;> jf;yPj;>
cY}Ky; `jP];> K];jpyh`; my; `jP];> j/g;]Ph;> ]Puh Nghd;w gy;NtW ,];yhkpaf; fiyfis
XusTf;F Mokhf mth; gbj;Jj; Njh;e;jhh;. NkYk; mth; `p];Gj; j`;hPhpd; Xh;
cWg;gpduhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;.

GWdy; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ,urhadtpay; Jiwapy; fiykhdp gl;lk; ngw;whh;. ,g;gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;

gapYk; NghJ> mq;Fs;s ,];yhkpa kd;wj;jpd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhh;. If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpypUe;J
ntspahfp cyfk; KOJk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;L te;j XH ,];yhkpa khrpifahd ‘fpyh/gh’
rQ;rpifapd; Mrphpah; nghWg;ig ,th; tfpj;jhh;.

NkYk; ,th;> K];ypk; ehLfspy; jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; ,Ue;J tUk; ePjpj;Jiwia Xh; ,];yhkpa
ePjpj;Jiwahf khw;wp mikg;gJ> \hpM rk;ge;jg;gl;l E}w;fspy; ifahsg;gLk; ‘mk;h;‘ (fl;lisfs;)
kw;Wk; ‘fhPdh‘ (FwpaPLfs;) vd;gtw;iw tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;w c]_ypg; gpur;rpidfs;> ,J
Nghd;w etPd murpay; gpur;rpidfs; njhlh;ghf gy Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis vOjp cs;shh;. ‘fpyh/gh’
rQ;rpifapy; kpfg; gue;j mstpy; vOjp te;j ,th;> ,d;Wk; gy;NtW ,];yhkpa ,izaj;
jsq;fSf;fhfTk;> NtW gy ntspaPLfSf;fhfTk; njhlh;e;J vOjp tUfpd;whh;. ,th;
jw;rkak; ,];yhkpa cyfpYk; Nkw;fj;ija cyfpYk; fhzg;gLk; etPdj;Jtr; rpe;jidfspd; Njhw;wj;ij

2
kWjypj;J xU E}iy vOjp tUfpd;whh;. ehnlq;fpYk; gy ,];yhkpaj; jiyg;Gfspy; nrhw;nghopT
epfo;j;jp tUfpd;whh;.

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`pd; mwpKfk; -

cs;thq;fp [Puzpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd xU rl;ltpay;

,d;W ,];yhkpa ck;kj;jpd; tho;f;if kpff; fbdkhdjhfTk;> kpfr; rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mth;fs; vq;F tho;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gJ gpur;rpidNa my;y. ,];yhkpa cyfk; ,d;W
nghUshjhu> murpay;> ghJfhg;Gg; gpur;rpidfshy; gpa;j;njLf;fg;gl;L fplf;fpwJ. 20 Mk;
E}w;whz;by; K];ypk; cyfj;ij %o;fbj;j nghUshjhu> murpay; Fog;gq;fs; vj;jifaJ vd;why;>
mJ %j;j jiyKiwiar; Nrh;e;j gyiu Nkw;fpw;F nrd;W ey;ynjhU tho;f;ifiaj; Njbf; nfhs;sj;
J}z;baJ. ,th;fs; Nkw;if te;jile;j NghJ> gy ed;ikfisf; fz;L nfhz;ldh;;. MapDk;> ,th;fs; NkYk;
Gjpa gpur;rpidfisr; re;jpg;gjw;Fk; mtw;NwhL mDrhpj;J Nghtjw;Fk; Mshf;fg; gl;ldh;;.

Nkw;fpy; K];ypk;fis vjph;Nehf;Fk; rthy;fspy; Kd;dzpapy; epw;git - Nkw;fj;jpar; r

%fj;jpy; KOikahf ,uz;lwf; fye;J tpLtjw;Fk;> ,];yhkpa jdpj;Jt milahsk;> Fzhk;rq;fs;
vd;gtw;wpd; ntspg;gilahd Njhw;wq;fis cjwpj; js;Stjw;Fk; njhluhf tpLf;fg;gLk;
miog;Gfs;jhk;. murhq;fq;fspYk;> Clfq;fspYk; K];ypk;fis vt;thW ,uz;lwf; fye;J tplr; nra;tJ
vd;gJ gw;wp mbf;fb tpthjq;fs; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,J Nkw;fpy; jw;NghJ epfOk; #o;epiyia
ed;F czh;j;JtjhFk;. ]y;khd; U\;jpapd; ‘rhj;jhdpa trdq;fs;’ ntspaPL> <uhf;fpy; elj;jg;gl;L
tUk; Aj;jk;> r%fj;jpy; K];ypk;fSf;F fhl;lg;gLk; ghugl;rk; Nghd;w gy;NtWgl;l fUj;J
NtWghLfs; nfhz;l epfo;TfSf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; vjph; tpisTfs; $l nkd;NkYk; ,e;j
‘xUikg;ghl;il’ epahag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fhuzq;fshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

Nkw;Fyfpy; cz;ikapy; K];ypk;fSf;fhfj; jPh;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba ngUk; gpur;rpidfs; epiwaNt

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; gy> mth;fSf;F kl;Lk; nrhe;jkhd gpur;rpidfs; my;y. khwhf>
cynfq;Fk; thOk; K];ypk;fSf;fhd gpur;rpidfshfTk; mit jpfo;fpd;wd. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;>
Nkw;fpy; thOk; K];ypk;fspd; #o;epiyiaj; jPh;khdpg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs;> vy;yh tiffspYk;
vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; gphpl;ld;> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w Nkw;fj;jpa muRfshNyNa Kd;ndLj;J
nry;yg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

3
gpur;rpid vt;thW ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,t;tuRfspd; epfo;r;rp epuy; xUikg;ghL my;yJ ,uz;lwf;
fye;Jtply; vd;gdtw;iwNa Rw;wpr; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd. xt;nthU Gjpa gpur;rpid Njhd;Wk;
NghJk;> mJ K];ypk;fis ciyapy; ,l;L cUf;fp kw;nwy;NyhUlDk; ,uz;lwf; fye;J
tpLtw;fhfTk;> K];ypk;fs; jkJ mfPjhit iftpl;L kw;wth;fSld; rkurk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;>
Kjyhspj;Jtf; nfhs;ifia Kw;whfg; gpd;gw;wr; nra;tjw;fhfTk; chpa xU re;jh;g;gkhf
,t;tuRfspdhy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

Nkw;fj;ijar; r%fj;jpy; thOk; K];ypk;fis ,uz;lwf; fye;J tplr; nra;Ak; ,e;j eltbf;ifia
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf> gy K];ypk; FOf;fSk;> gpuKfh;fSk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh;.
,j;jifag; gzpfis Mjhpf;f mth;fs; kWf;fpd;w NghJ mth;fSf;F gjpyhf kw;wth;fis ,e;j
murhq;fq;fs; Njbf; fz;L gpbf;fpd;wd. ,jd; tpisthf> K];ypk;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjhff;
$wg;gLk; mikg;GfSk; jdpegh;fSk;> murhq;fj;jpd; fhy; jlj;ijj; gpd;njhlUk; epiyf;F
js;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,J ve;jsTf;nfd;why;> M/g;fhdp];jhDf;F vjpuhd Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ ehk;
fz;Zw;wijg; Nghd;W> cyfpd; gy;NtW ghfq;fspy; K];ypk;fs; nfhy;yg;gLtij Mjhpf;Fk; xU
epiyf;F js;sg;gLfpd;wdh;.

,d;Dk; rpy K];ypk;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; Nkw;Fyf K];ypk;fspd; gpur;rpidfis cz;ikahfNt

jPh;f;f ehLfpd;w NghJ> cz;ik epiyf;Fk; ,];yhj;jpd; ,aw;if jd;ikf;Fk; Kd; epd;W
jhf;Fg;gpbf;f Kbahj ntWk; mDkhdq;fspd; kPJ mike;j> jq;fspd; topKiwfis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L jq;fs; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,jd; tpisthf ,e;jg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;fhd
jq;fspd; mZFKiwfspy; ,th;fs; rhjpf;Fk; vjph;ghh;g;Gld;> Nkw;fpy; tho;gth;fSf;fhf xU
Gjpa \hpMitf; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;F Kidfpd;wdh;.

kW fz;Lgpbg;Gg; Nghf;F

K];ypk;fs; 19k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Kjyhspj;Jtk; Nkyhjpf;fk; nrYj;Jtijf; fz;ldh;.

mjdplk;> njhopy; El;g Kd;Ndw;wKk;> KOikahdnjhU nray;ghl;L mikg;Gk; ,Ue;jd.
mNjNtisapy;> K];ypk;fsplNkh rhpe;J tpOe;J nfhz;bUe;j cJkhdpa fpyh/gj;ij jtpu NtnwJTk;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. mbg;gilapy; K];ypk;fs;> ,];yhkpa rpe;jid> mjd; epiwNtw;W Kiwik> vt;thW
rpe;jidAk; mjd; KiwikAk; xd;wpypUe;J kw;nwhd;iw tpLtpf;f KbahjsTf;Fg; gpd;dpg;
gpize;jpUf;fpd;wd vd;gd gw;wpa Ghpjiy ,oe;J fhzg;gl;ldh;.

4
rpyh; Nkw;fpw;F mDg;gg;gl;ldh;. mth;fs; Nkw;fpdhy; gykhf Ml;nfhs;sg; gl;ldh;.
vfpg;;ijr; rhh;e;j hp/gh uh/gp my; j`;jhtp (1801-1873)> ghhp]pypUe;J jhd; jpUk;gpa
gpwF> ‘jf;yp]; my; ,g;hp]; ,yh jy;fp]; ghhp];’; (jq;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;sy; my;yJ ghhp];
gw;wpa NkNyhl;lkhd ghh;it> 1834) vd miof;fg;gl;l xU tuyhw;W E}iy vOjpdhh;. ,jpy;
,th;> ghhp]; efu kf;fspd; Rj;jk;> ciog;Gf;fhd Mh;tk;> vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf r%f xOf;fg;
gz;G vd;gdtw;iwg; Gfo;e;J vOjpdhh;. ehk;> ghhp]py; nra;ag;gLtij mg;gbNa ve;j
khw;wKk; ,y;yhky; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdg; gpufldk; nra;jhh;. ngz;fis
Kw;Nghf;Filath;fshf;FtJ> jPh;g;G Kiwfis khw;WtJ Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,];yhkpar; r%fj;jpy;
khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W jdJ thjq;fis Kd;itj;jhh;. ,e;jr; rpe;jidfSk;> ,J Nghd;w
VidaitAk; ,];yhj;jpy; kW fz;Lgpbg;Gg; Nghf;if Muk;gpj;J itj;jd. ,e;jg; Nghf;F etPd
fhyq;fs; tiu njhlh;e;J tUfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa rpe;jidfspd; mry; Mjuthsh;fSk; thjpfSk; gphpl;b\;
fhydpj;Jtthjpfshy; n\a;Fy; m];`h; (my; m];`h; gy;fiyf;fof Nte;jh;) Mf epakpf;fg;gl;l K`k;kj;
mg;J`_itg; Nghd;wth;fshth;;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ehk; Kjd;ikahf mf;fiw nfhs;s Ntz;baJ> ,e;j
rpe;jid> topKiwfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfisg; gw;wpNa my;yhky; mjd; Njhw;wj;ijg;
gw;wpad;W.

rpWghd;ikapdh;fspd; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L>

mth;fSf;fhf ,];yhj;ij (Gjpjhf) kW fz;Lgpbg;G nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfspd; kPJ ekJ ghh;itiar;
nrYj;JNthk;. ,J ‘rpWghd;ikapdh;fSf;fhd rl;ltpay;’ (/gpf;`_y; mfy;ypahj;) vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jr; rpe;jidapd; mbg;gilfs;> ,jd; gpuNahfj;jpypUe;J NknyOk;Gk; rpy
Kf;fpa KbTfs; vd;gtw;iw ehk; Rl;bf;fhl;b> ,j;jifanjhU rl;ltpay; epiyj;jpUg;gjw;fhd xU
Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gij ,q;F Muha;Nthk;.

rpWghd;ikf;fhd gpf;`; vd;why; vd;d?

,e;j GJikahd Kiwikia Kk;Kukhf Kd;itj;J thjk; nra;gth;fSs; Kd;dzpapy; epw;Fk; xUtuhd
fyhepjp jh`h [hgph; my; my;thdp> /gpf;`_y; mfy;ypahj; my;yJ rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd
rl;ltpay; vd;dntd;W ,t;thW tpsf;Ffpd;whh;: “…,jd; fUf;Nfhs; vd;dntd;why;> K];ypk; rl;l
epGzh;> nghJthd ,];yhkpa rl;ltpaiy xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpd; Fwpg;gpl;l #o;epiyAld;
njhlh;GgLj;jpg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,th;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l #o;epiyapy; tho;tjhy;> ,th;fSf;F
nghUj;jkhff; fhzg;gLgit kw;wth;fSf;F nghUj;jkpy;yhjitahf mikAk;.”

5
NkYk;> ,th; njhlh;fpwhh;: “...rl;l epGzh; ,];yhkpa mwpTj;Jiwfspy; tYthd xU gpd;dzpiaf;
nfhz;ltuhf kl;Lk; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. me;jr; r%fj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l r%tpay;> nghUshjhu>
murpay;> rh;tNjrj; njhlh;Gfs; Mfpatw;wpYk;$l Gyik ngw;wtuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.”

“/gpf;`_y; mfy;ypahj;jpd; Nehf;fk;” gw;wp ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;: ”,];yhj;ij kPz;Lk;

(Gjpjhf) cUthf;Ftjd;W@ khh;f;fj;jpd; nefpo;Tj; jd;ikf;Fs;Ns epd;W> Fwpg;gpl;lr;
#o;epiyapy; xU rl;l epGzh; vt;thW gzpahw;Wthh; vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; topKiwikfspd;
njhFjpnahd;iw cUthf;FtJjhd;” vd ,th; NfhUfpwhh;.

,e;jj; jj;Jtj;ijAk; mjd; epahaq;fisAk; $h;e;J ghprPypj;jhy;> ,e;j mZFKiwahdJ>

vjph;nfhs;sg;gLk; Fwpg;gpl;l #o;epiyia my;yJ nghJtpy;; Rw;whliy> rl;lkpaw;Wtjw;fhd
%ykhff; nfhs;fpwJ vd;gijf; fz;L nfhs;syhk;. ,J Kw;wpYk; vg;gbNaDk; rhjpf;Fk;
vjph;ghh;g;Gld; $baNjhh; mZFKiwahFk;. ,jd; gpd;tpisthf> my;Fh;Md;> Rd;dh`;
Mfpatw;wpypUe;J epr;raj;jd;ikAld; epWtg;gl;ltw;Wf;F Kuzhf> rpw;rpy \hPMr; rl;lq;fisg;
Gwf;fzpf;Fk; epiyf;F ,/J ,l;L nrd;Ws;sJ.

6
 rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;i`g; gw;wpa ghprPyid

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`pd; J}z;fs;

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; gw;wpa jj;Jtj;ij Kd;nkhopgth;fspdhy;;; gy thjq;fs; vLj;J

itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`pd; epiyg;ghl;il epahag;gLj;Jtjw;F
ifahsg;gLk; fUf;Nfhs;fSs; gpd;tUgit mlq;Fk;:

1. Gjpa gpur;rpidfisg; gw;wp \hPM nksdk; rhjpf;fpwJ. NkYk; tof;fpYs;s ,];yhkpa

Kiwik> ,g;gpur;rpidfis vjph; nfhs;tjw;F NghjpasT Mw;wy; mw;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
2. fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fk; jFe;j tpjj;jpy; \hPM tpjpKiwfs; khw;wkilfpd;wd. NkYk;
,jw;F Mjhukhf ,khk; \h/gpapd; /gpf;i` vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;.
3. \hPM tpjpKiwfisg; gw;wp ehk; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpfs; khw;wkila Ntz;Lk;.

murpay; <LghL Fwpj;Jk;> K];ypk;fis ,uz;lwf; fye;Jtplr; nra;tjw;Fkhd jq;fs; thjq;fSf;F tYr;
Nrh;g;gjw;fhf gy epahaq;fis Kd; itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thjq;fspy; rpy \hPM %yq;fisj; jtwhd
tbtj;jpy; vLj;J itf;fpd;wd. mNjNtis> ,t;thjq;fsp;y; gy gFj;jwpT hPjpahd epahaq;fshFk;.
mth;fs; Fwpg;gplf;$ba fUf;Nfhs;fspy; rpy gpd;tUkhW:

1. A+Rg; (miy) mth;fspd; tuyhWk;> mth;fs; vfpg;;J ehl;il eph;tfpf;Fk; Ml;rpapy;

gq;Fgw;wpdhh;fs; vd;w thjKk;.
2. K];ypk;fSf;Fk;> ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; (murpay; <LghLfspdhy;) ed;ik (k];y`h) cz;L.
3. my;Fh;Mdpd; Gtpapaw; nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;.
4. FbAhpik gw;wpa fUj;jpay;.

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`pd; mtrpaj;ij kWjypg;gJ

1. Gjpa gpur;rpidfspy; \hPM nksdk; rhjpf;fpwJ vd;w thjk;.

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;i` Mjhpg;gth;fs;; \hPM Gjpa gpur;rpidfspy; nksdk;

rhjpg;gjhfTk;> ,e;j gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F jw;Nghija ,];yhkpa Kiwikapdhy;

7
,aytpy;iy vd;Wk; thjpLfpd;wdh;. ,e;jf; fUj;Njhl;lj;ij Kd;itf;Fk; ,th;fs;> xU ngWkjp tha;e;j
`jPi]f; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;: [h;Jk; gpd; eh]ph; cila Mjhuj;NjhL $ba ,e;j `jPjpy; my;yh`;tpd;
J}jh; (]y;) mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;: “ty;yik nghUe;jpa my;yh`;;> khh;f;ff; flikfis
tpjpf;fpd;whd;. vdNt mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;fhjPh;fs;. mtd; tuk;Gfis mikj;jpUf;fpd;whd;.
vdNt mtw;iwj; jhz;br; nry;yhjPh;fs;. mtd; rpytw;iw jil nra;jpUf;fpd;whd;. vdNt mtw;iw
kPwhjPh;fs;. mtd; cq;fs; kPJs;s fUizapdhy; (kwe;jjpdhy; my;y) rpytw;iwg;gw;wp nksdk;
rhjpf;fpwhd;. vdNt mtw;iwj; Njbr; nry;yhjPh;fs;” (jhuFj;dp> jph;kpjp> ,g;D kh[h>
`hf;fpk;)

Nkw;fpy; thOk; K];ypk;fSf;fhf xU Kiwikia tFj;J nfhLg;gjw;F Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;bUf;Fk;

jhhpf; ukohd; vd;gth;> jdJ “Xh; INuhg;gpa K];ypkhf ,Ug;gjw;F” vd;w E}ypy;> ,e;j
`jP]py; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; nksdj;ijg; gw;wp> ‘,J mDkjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd Xh; mbg;gil
tpjpKiwiar; Rl;bf; fhl;Ltjhff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. NkYk; mth;> ‘,e;j nksdkhdJ> mjw;Fg;
gpwF r%f tptfhuq;fSf;Fs; (KMkyhj;); /gpf;`; (rl;ltpay;) ePbj;J tsh;r;rpailtjw;Fk;>
ghpzhkkiltjw;Fk;> Njhw;wk; ngWtjw;Fk; mDkjpf;ff;$ba xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ’ vd
vOJfpd;whh;.

“njspthd> ntspg;gilahd %yk; xd;W ,y;yhjtplj;jpy;> mDkjpg;gjw;fhd fUj;Njhl;lk; (,gh`h)

fhzg;gLtjhf ,g;Ghpjy; %yk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. K];ypk;fspd; eyd; fUjp mwpQh;fs;
kpf Mokhfg; gbj;jwpe;J mgpg;gpuhaq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd gFjp ,Jjhd;” vd ,th;fs;
fUJfpd;wdh;.

gy;NtW fhuzq;fspdhy; ,e;j mgpg;gpuhak; kpf gytPdkhdJ MFk;. my;Fh;Mdpdhy; my;yJ ]

_d;dh`;tpdhy; jPh;g;G toq;fg;glhj ve;jnthU mk;rj;ijAk; \hPM tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy. ,];yhkpa
\hPMthdJ> KOikahfTk;> gue;j mstpYk; vy;yh Neuq;fspYk;> vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; kdpjdpd;
vy;yh eltbf;iffisAk; #o;e;J epw;fpd;wJ. my;yh`; gpd;tUk; ,iw trdj;jpy; kpfj; jpl;ltl;lkhd
xU fUj;ij Kd;itf;fpwhd;: “NkYk; ckf;F ,t;Ntjj;ij (my;Fh;Mid) ,wf;fp mUspAs;Nshk;. mJ
ahtw;iwAk; kpfj; njspthf tpghpf;ff;$bajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Kw;wpYk; (,iwtDf;F) fPo;g;gbe;J
thOk; kf;fSf;F mJ Neh;top fhl;lf; $bajhfTk;> mUshfTk; xU ew;nra;jpahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.”
(16:89)

vdNt> xU \hPM rl;lk; fhzg;glhj re;jh;g;gq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;Wk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l

re;jh;g;gj;ij ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shJ mjid \hPM KOikahf myl;rpag;gLj;jp tpl;lJ vd;Wk;

8
mg;gbg;gl;l xU re;jh;g;gj;jpw;fhd Mjhuq;fis epWtpj; jutpy;iy vd;Wk; thjhLtjw;F ve;jnthU
K];ypKf;Fk; chpik fpilahJ.

,j;jifaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij nfhz;bUg;gjhdJ> my;Fh;Md; my;yJ ]}d;dh`;tpypUe;J ve;jnthU

MjhuKk; ,y;iy vd;Wk;> my;yJ my;Fh;MDk; `jP]_k; xU rl;lG+h;tkhd ‘,y;yh`;’ vdg;gLk;
\hPM fhuzpapd; %ykhf xU FwpaPl;ilj; jutpy;iy vd;Wk; nfhs;tjhFk;. ,y;yh`; vdg;gLk;
\hPM fhuzp vd;gJ ntspg;gilahfNth my;yJ FwpaPLfs; %ykhfNth %yj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd my;yJ mDkhdj;jpd; %ykhfNth xg;Gik %ykhfNth
ngwg;gLfpd;wd. ,/J me;j tpjpKiw> th[pg; (fl;lhakhdJ)> kd;J}g; (ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ)> `uhk;
(jLf;fg;gl;lJ)> kf;&`; (Fw;wkhdJ)> Kgh`; (mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ) vd;gdtw;Ws; xd;iw
tpthpg;gjw;F chpajhFk;. ve;jnthU K];ypKk;> ,e;jf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$lhJ.
Vndd;why; \hPM KOik tha;e;jjd;W vd thjpLtjd; %yk;> mtd; \hPM kPJ mtJ}W
fw;gpf;fpwhd;. NkYk;> mtd; \hPM my;yhj jPh;g;Gfisj; Njbg; ngWtijr; rl;lG+h;tkhdjhf
vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;. ,jd;%yk; my;yh`;tpd; $w;Wf;F khW nra;jtdhf Mfp tpLfpd;whd;:
“,y;iy! (K`k;kNj) ck; ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! mth;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa Vw;gl;l gpzf;Ffspy; ck;ik
ePjpgjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;;L> gpd;dh; ePH; mspf;fpd;w jPh;g;G Fwpj;J jk; cs;sq;fspy;
vj;jifa mjpUg;jpAk; nfhs;shky;> Kw;wpYk; mjw;F mbgzpahj tiu mth;fs; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;lth;fs; Mf khl;lhh;fs;.” (4:65)

\hPM xU rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L tutpy;iy vdf; $wp> \hPM nfhz;L tuhj xU rl;lj;ij xU K];ypk;
gpd;gw;wpdhy;> mtd; \hPM my;yhj xd;wpd; jPh;g;ig vLj;Jr; nry;gtdhfpd;whd;. ,J
epr;rakhfj; jLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. Vndd;why;> mtd; vy;yh re;jh;g;gq;fSf;Fkhd rl;lq;fis \hPM
nfhz;L tutpy;iy vd thjplf; $batdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. vdNt> xU Fwpg;gpl;lr; rl;lj;ij \hPM
nfhz;L tutpy;iy vdf; fhuzk; fhl;b> ,];yhk; my;yhj xd;wpypUe;J vLj;jhs;tjw;F mDkjp cz;L
vd thjpLtJ> kpfj; jtwhdJk; gpioahdJkhd xU thjkhFk;.

MfNt> \hPM nksdkha; ,Uf;fpd;w xt;nthd;Wk; Kgh`; (mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ) vdf; $WtJ>

epidj;Jg; ghh;g;gjw;Fk; Kbahj xd;whFk;. Vndd;why;> \hPM rpy rl;lq;fs; kPJ nksdk;
rhjpf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk;> mr;rl;lq;fis epWtpj; jutpy;iy vd;Wk; thjpLtJ \hPMtpw;F vjpuhf
mtJ}W fw;gpf;Fk; xU nrayhFk;. NkYk;> ,J cz;ik epiyf;Fk; khwhdjhFk;. Vndd;why;
\hPM vijg; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gplhky; nksdk; rhjpf;ftpy;iy.

9
my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; (]y;) $wpdhh;fs;: “ epr;rakhf my;yh`; rpy flikfis tpjpj;jpUf;fpwhd;;.
vdNt mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;fhjPh;fs;...” ,J %yq;fspy; \hPMtpdhy; Fwpg;gplg;glhjitg; gw;wp
Nfl;gjd; kPJ jil tpjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gij czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.

,ijg; Nghd;W ,d;Ndhh; `jP]_k; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ: “ K];ypk;fSf;F kj;jpapy; gLNkhrkhd

ghtpfs; ahnud;why;> jq;fSf;F jLf;fg;gl;lijg; gw;wp Nfs;tp Nfl;gth;fshth;. mth;fs; mJ
gw;wp Nfl;ljd; fhuzkhf> gpd;dh; mJ mth;fSf;F jil nra;ag;gl;lJ.”

,Nj fUj;jpy; gy `jP];fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; $wpajhf mwptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ: “

ehd; cq;fSf;F $whjtw;iwg; gw;wp vd;id ePq;fs; tpl;LtpLq;fs;. Vndd;why; cq;fSf;F Kd;
tho;e;jth;fs; mijg; gw;wp njhlh;e;J Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jjd; fhuzkhfTk;> jq;fs; ,iw J}jh;fsplk;
tpthjpj;J nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhfTk; mope;J Nghdhh;fs;. vdNt ehd; cq;fisj; jLj;jij tpl;Lk; jtph;e;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;. NkYk; ehd; cq;fSf;F fl;lis ,l;lijf; nfhz;Lk; cq;fshy; Kbe;jsTf;F vLj;J elTq;fs;.”

`jP]; E}y;fspy; mwptpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ: my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; (]y;) mth;fs; xUKiw “NkYk;

my;yh`; `[;[{ nra;AkhW kf;fSf;F fl;lisapLfpwhd;…” vd;w Ntj trdj;ij Xjpdhh;fs;. ,jd;NghJ
xU kdpjh; Nfl;lhh;. “my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! ,J xt;nthU tUlKkh?” mth;fs; gjpyspf;ftpy;iy.
vdNt> me;j kdpjh; jpUk;gTk; Nfl;lhh;. “my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! ,J xt;nthU tUlKkh?” kPz;Lk;
mth;fs; gjpyspf;ftpy;iy. vdNt> me;j kdpjh; %d;whtJ KiwahfTk; Nfl;lhh;. “my;yh`;tpd;
J}jNu ,J xt;nthU tUlKkh?” ,jd; gpwF my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; ,t;thW gjpyspj;jhh;fs;: “vdJ Md;kh
vtDila iftrj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! ehd; ,jw;F gjpyspj;jhy; mJ
flikahfptpLk;. NkYk; mJ flikahfp tpl;lhy; ck;khy; mij epiwNtw;w KbahJ. NkYk; ck;khy;
mjid epiwNtw;w Kbahtpl;lhy; ePh; ghtk; nra;jtuhfp tpLtPh;. vdNt ehd; ckf;F fl;lisaplhjit
gw;wp (Nfl;fhjPh;) vd;id tpl;LtpLq;fs;.“

vdNt> “ck;kj;jpd; jtiwAk;> kwjpiaAk; mth;fs; nra;a eph;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lijAk; my;yh`;

kd;dpj;J tpl;lhd;“ vd;Wk;> “...NkYk; mtd; rpytw;iwg; gw;wp nksdk; rhjpf;fpwhd;. ,J
kwjpapdhyd;W. ,J cq;fs; ehadplj;jpypUe;J jug;gl;l mUshFk;. vdNt mtw;iw Vw;Wf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;...“ vd;Wk; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; $wpapUg;gjd; fUj;jhtJ> my;yh`; cq;fs; kPjhd
flikfis nkd;ikahf;fpapUf;fpwhd;- vdNt ePq;fs; cq;fis Nkyjpfr; Rikiaj; jhq;Fgth;fshf
Mf;fpf;nfhs;s Ntz;btUk; vd;gjdhy; mjidg; gw;wp Nfs;tp Nfl;fhjPh;fs; vd;gjhFk;.

10
cjhuzkhf> `[;[{f; flikiag;gw;wp nghJthd thh;j;ijfspy; fl;lisaplg;gLfpd;wJ. ahNuh xUth; mJ
xt;nthU Mz;Lk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lkh vdf; Nfl;fpd;whh;. my;yh`; kf;fs; kPJ nfhz;l fUizapd;
fhuzkhf> cq;fs; Rikiaf; Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf> ,e;j flikia tho;ehspy; xUKiw nra;a
Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fiwj;jpUf;fpwhd;. vdNtjhd; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;(]y;) mth;fs;> ,e;jf; Nfs;tpia
Nfl;Lk; Nfshky; ,Ue;J> ,e;jf; flikia xt;nthU Mz;Lk; nra;Ak; tp\aj;jpy; nksdk;
rhjpf;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;thwhf ,t;tp\aq;fspy; JUtpg; ghh;f;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; mtw;iwg; gw;wp
Nfl;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; njspthfpwJ. ,Jjhd; mjw;fhd fUj;J vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuk;> my;yh`;tpd;
J}jh;(]y;) mth;fspd; thh;j;ijfshFk;. “mtd; rpytw;iw kd;dpj;J tpl;lhd;” vdf; $wpajd; gpd;G
K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fs; “vdNt mijj; JUtpg; ghh;f;fhjPh;fs;” vd nkhope;jjhFk;.

vdNt> vtw;wpd; jil gw;wp Ntj trdq;fs; ,wf;fp mUsg;gltpy;iyNah> mtw;iwg; gw;wp
Nfs;tp Nfl;gjpdpd;Wk; K];ypk;fisj; jLg;gNj ,g;Nghija gpur;rpidahFk;. ,g;Nghija
gpur;rpid> my;yh`; rpy \hPMr; rl;lq;fisf; $wtpy;iy vd;gjd;W. Vndd;why; `jP]pd; trdq;fs;
my;yh`;tpd; fUiziag; gw;wpAk;> rpy tp\aq;fspy; mtdJ kd;dpg;igg; gw;wpAk;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. NtnwhU mwptpg;gpy;> “...NkYk; mtd; vtw;iwg; gw;wp nksdk;
rhjpf;fpwhNdh> mit cq;fSf;nfhU kd;dpg;ghFk;...” vdf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j `jP]{k; $l
gpur;rpidahdJ> my;yh`; cq;fSf;F nkd;ikahf;fp> NkYk; cq;fSf;F jLf;fhjijg; gw;wp JUtpg;
ghh;g;gJk; Nfs;tp Nfl;gJk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gNjhL njhlh;GilaJjhd; vd;gij
czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.

vdNt VjhtJ xd;W jil nra;ag;gltpy;iy vd;why;> m/J my;yh`;tpd; Gwj;jpypUe;J te;j xU
kd;dpg;ghFk;. mjhtJ> mjd; jilgw;wp my;yh`; nksdk; rhjpg;gJ my;yh`;tpd; Gwj;jpypUe;J
te;j kd;dpg;igr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. Mjypdhy; mijg; gw;wp Nfs;tp Nfl;fhjPh;fs;. ,jid
my;yh`;tpd; jpUtrdk; xd;W ,t;thW gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ: “,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs! rpy
tpraq;fs; cq;fsplk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lhy;> mit cq;fSf;F kd tUj;jj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk;. mtw;iwg;
gw;wp ePq;fs; tpdthjPh;fs;. MapDk; Fh;Md; ,wf;fp mUsg;gl;L nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy;
mtw;iwg; gw;wp ePq;fs; tpdtpdhy;> mg;NghJ mit cq;fSf;F ntspg;gilahf $wg;gl;L tpLk;.
ePq;fs; (,Jtiu) Nfl;ltw;iw my;yh`; kd;dpj;J tpl;lhd;. my;yh`; kd;dpg;G toq;FgtdhfTk;>
rfpg;Gj;jd;ik cilatdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.“ (5:101)

,e;j tifahd mgpg;gpuhaj;jpd; tpisthfTk;> my;yh`; toq;Fk; jPh;Tfis fz;lwptjw;F %yq;fisj;

Njbg; ghh;g;gjw;F Kd;tuhj Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdkhd kdg;ghd;ikapd; fhuzkhfTk;> rpy
K];ypk;fis “tpNr\khd” xU /gpf;i`g; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F miog;G tpLf;f itj;jpUf;fpwJ. mjidj;jhd;

11
mth;fs; “rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd rl;ltpay;” (gpf;`_y; mfy;ypahj;) vdg; ngahpl;L
miof;fpd;wdh;.

2. fhyj;jpw;F fhyk;> ,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ,];yhk; khw;wkilfpd;wJ vd;w thjk;

“fhyj;jpw;F fhyk;> ,lj;jpw;F ,lk; ,];yhk; khw;wkilfpd;wJ” (fyhepjp jh`ph; [hgph; my;
my;thdp – ‘Kfj;jpkh /gp /gpf;`; my; mfy;ypahj;’ rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd gpf;`; gw;wpa
Kd;Diu) vdf;$wp mg;gbg;gl;l xU tpjpKiw ,Ug;gjhf rpyh; thjpLfpd;wdh;. ,e;j rpe;jidia
Mjhpg;gth;fs;> ,d;W ehk; etPd Afj;jpy; Nkw;Fyfpy; tho;e;J tUtjd; fhuzkhf> m`;fhk;
(rl;lq;)fisf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F xU Gjpa Kiwik tFf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vdf; $Wfpd;wdh;. Ke;ija
cykhf;fs; rpyh; ,e;j tpjpKiwia gpd;gw;wpdhh;fs;jhk;. tpN\rkhf `d/gp kj;`igr;
Nrh;e;jth;fspdhy; ,J gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mth;fSila mgpg;gpuhaq;fSf;F gpd;dhy; ,Ue;j
fUj;Njhl;lj;ij xUth; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd mtrpak; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Gjpa Kiwikia fz;L
gpbg;gjw;F Fuy; nfhLg;gth;fspd; mgpg;gpuhaq;fSf;F ve;j tifapYk; mJ xj;jnjhd;wd;W.
`d/gp rl;ltpayhsh; ,g;D MgpjPdpd; fUj;jpd;gb> “khw;wkilAk; rl;lq;fs;” vd;gjd;
mh;j;jkhtJ> ‘fhyj;jpw;Fk;> Neuj;jpw;Fk; ,zq;f khw;wkiltJ \hPMtpd; rl;lq;fsy;y. khwhf
rk;gpujhaq;fs;> gof;ftof;fq;fs; (ch;/g;) vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l rl;lq;fs; my;yJ
eilKiwapypUf;Fk; rk;gpujhaq;fspd; xspapy; ngUk;ghYk; tFf;fg;gl;l rl;lj;Jiw
mgpg;gpuhaq;fis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l /gpf;`; rl;lq;fs;jhk; khw;wkilfpd;wd. fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
mit ve;jr; rk;gpujhaq;fs; kPJ epWtg;gl;Ls;sdNth me;jr; rk;gpujhaq;fs; khw;wkilfpd;w
NghJ> ,e;j rl;lq;fis tpl;L tpyfpr; nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; my;Fh;Md;>
`jP]pDila %yq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tFf;fg;gLk; rl;lq;fs; xUnghOJk; khw;wkiltjpy;iy.
c#Yy; /gpf;`; Jiwiar; Nrh;e;j mwpQh;fs;> my;Fh;Md;> ]{d;dh`;tpDila %yj;jpw;F Kuzhd
xU eilKiwNah my;yJ rk;gpujhaNkh Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahj xU rk;gpujhakhf
fUjg;gLk; (ch;/g; my; /gh]pj;) vd epge;jid tpjpf;fpd;wdh;.’ (K`k;kj; mkPd; ,g;D MgpjPd; -
‘e];h; my; ch;/g; igd g`;jy; m`;fhk; myh my; ch;/g;’)

2.1 \h/gp (u`;) ,d; Kiwikapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wk;

,khk; \h/gp (u`;) khngUk; ,khk;. kjPdhtpypUe;J gf;jhj;jpw;Fk; mq;fpUe;J nfa;Nuhtpw;Fk;

nrd;w NghJ mth;fs; ifahz;l Kiwik khw;wkile;jJ vd;w fUj;ij gy;NtW epahaq;fSf;F
kj;jpapy; xd;whf> rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd rl;ltpay; xd;iw cUthf;fg;gLtijr; rhp fhz;gjw;fhd
mbg;gilahf Kd;itf;fpd;wdh;.

12
m]P]h it my; `pg;hp jdJ fl;Liu xd;wpy; (Islamic and American Constitutional Law:
Borrowing Possibilities or a History of Borrowing? Journal of Constitutional Law –
Universsity of Pennsylvania; Vol.1) gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;:
“cjhuzkhf> kpfg; ngUk; mwpQUk;> mtuJ ngaiuf; nfhz;L toq;fg;gLk; xU (/gpf;`;)
rpe;jidg;gphptpd; epWtdUkhd ,khk; my; \h/gp> <uhf;fpypUe;J vfpg;;Jf;F ,lk;ngah;e;j
NghJ mtuJ rl;lj;njhFjpia khw;wpr; rPuikj;jhh;. ,jw;fhd rhjhuz tpsf;fk; vd;dntd;why;> Gjpa
#oy;fspd; xspapy; GjpanjhU rl;lj;njhFjp cUthdJ vd;gJjhd;. rl;lj;njhFjp khw;wpr;
rPuikf;fg;gl;l ,e;j cjhuzj;jpd; tpisthf> rl;ltpayhsh;fs; nghJthfNt ‘fhyKk; ,lKk;
khWgLtjw;F ,zq;f rl;lq;fSk; khWgLk;’ vd;w tpjpKiwia Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.”

,e;j tpjpKiwia Kd;itg;gth;fs;> jkJ epiyikia epahag;gLj;Jtjw;F rl;l hPjpahd Mjhuk; vjidAk;
nfhz;L tuj; jtwptpl;ldh;. cjhuzkhf> ,khk; \h/gp (u`;) <uhf;fpypUe;J vfpg;Jf;F
,lk;ngah;e;jjd; fhuzkhf khj;jpuNk mtuJ gpf;i` khw;wpdhh; vd;w epahak; cz;ikapy; ele;j
epfo;Tfis kpf kpf vspikahdjha;r; rpj;jhpf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. mt;thW $WtJ kpfTk; jtwhdnjhU
tp\akhFk;. mry; fhuzk; vd;dntd;why;> ,e;j khngUk; ,khk; mth;fs; <uhf;fpYk;> vfpg;jpYk;
ntt;NtW rpe;jidg;gphpTfisr; rhh;e;j gy;NtW K[;j`pjPd;fSld; njhlh;G nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhfTk;>
%y E}w;fis Ma;e;J ghh;f;Fk; mth;fspd; topKiw> NkYk; mtw;wpypUe;J rl;lq;fisg; ngWk;
mth;fspd; Kiwik Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhfTk;> jdJ Kiwikia khw;wpf;nfhz;lhh;fs;
vd;gJjhd;. ,J ,[;jp`hj; gbKiwfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tiuapy; ,khk; \h/gp (u`;) mth;fspd; rpe;jidfs;
Kjph;r;rp miltjw;Fk; njsptiltjw;Fk; topNfhypaJ.

,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D; `d;gy; (u`;) mth;fs;> xUKiw K`k;kJ gpd; K];ypk; mh; uh]papdhy;>
,khk; \h/gpapd; E}w;fspy; vjidj; jhd; Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lNghJ> ,khk;;
m`;kj; mth;fs;> “vfpg;jpy; vOjg;gl;l E}w;fisj; Njh;e;njLq;fs;. <uhf;fpy; mth;fs; vOjpa
E}y;fs; ey;y Kiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gltpy;iy. mjd; gpwF mth;fs; vfpg;J nrd;wNghJ> jq;fs;
E}w;fis Kd;id tpl kpfTk; Mokhd mwpTlDk;> jpwDlDk; vOjpdhh;fs;.” vdf; $wpdhh;fs;.
(fyhepjp K`k;kj; gy;jh[p- ‘kdh`p[; cy; j];hp my; ,];yhkp /gpy; fh;d; my; jhdp my; `p[;hp’
ghfk; 1 gf;fk; 31)

3) Nfs;tpia kPsg;ghh;j;jy;

13
“rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;i`“ Mjhpg;gth;fs;> ‘kuG hPjpahd’ gjpy;fs; nfhLf;fg;glj;
Njitapy;iy vd;Wk; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; Jiwapy; cz;ik epiyfs; ed;F njhpe;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> ehk;
Nfs;tpfis kPsg; ghh;g;gjw;fhd Njit ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;.

jh`h [hgph; my; my;thdp Xh; cjhuzj;ijf; $Wfpd;whh:; (Kfj;jpkh /gp gpf;`_y; mfy;ypahj;)
“xU K];ypk; ngz; K];ypk; my;yhj xUtiu jpUkzk; nra;tJ jLf;fg;gl;ljh? mth; vd;d nra;a
Ntz;Lk;” vd xUth; Nfl;fpwhh;.

my;Fh;Md; trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W> ,iw kWg;ghsUldhd xU K];ypk;

ngz;zpd; jpUkzk; kpfj; njspthd tifapy; rl;l tpNuhjkhdjhFk;: “mth;fs; epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;F
(kidtpahapUf;f) MFkhdth;fs; my;yh;. epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSk; mth;fSf;F MFkhdth;fs;
my;yh;.” (60:10)

,e;j trdk; XNu xU fUj;ijj;jhd; Kd;itf;fpwJ. mJ vd;dntd;why;> mj;jifanjhU jpUkzk;

nry;Ygbaw;wjhff; fUjg;gLk@;; mjw;F ve;jnthU ngWkhdKk; fpilahJ vd;gJjhd;;.

Mdhy; “rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`pd;” gb> ,e;j Nfs;tpia kPsg;ghu;g;gjd; %ykhf>

mjw;fhd gjpiyAk; kPsg;ngw Ntz;Lk;. vdNtjhd; jh`h [hgpu; my; my;thdp ,e;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l
rk;gtj;jpy;> re;ju;g;gq;fisg; gpd;tUkhW Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpwhu;:

“me;jg; ngz; ,g;NghJjhd; ,];yhj;jpw;F kjkhw;wkile;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtUf;F fztUk; ,U rpW

Foe;ijfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. me;j fztu; vy;yh tifapYk; FLk;gj;jpw;F MjuT toq;ff;
$batuhfTk;> Mdhy; ,e;j Neuj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpw;F khWtjw;F tpUg;gk; ,y;yhjtuhfTk;
,Uf;fpwhu;. ,e;j ngz;Nzh kjk; khwpaJld; 20 tUlq;fshf jd;Dld; tho;e;j fztid cldbahf
tpthfuj;Jr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdr; nrhy;fpwhu;. ,j;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ,e;jf; Nfs;tp ,t;thW
mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;: “xU K];ypk; ngz; xU K];ypk; my;yhj fztUld; jpUkz ge;jj;jpy;
,Ug;gjh my;yJ mts; ,];yhj;jpypUe;J ntspNawp tpLtjh? ,jpy; vJ NkhrkhdJ?’ ,jw;fhd gjpy;
vd;dntd;why;> “,];yhj;jpypUe;J ntspNawp tpLtJ gLNkhrkhdJ. vdNt mtu; jdJ jpUkzg;
ge;jj;jpid njhlu;tJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhFk;”. NkYk; epahaj; jPu;g;G ehsd;W mts;
my;yh`;tpd; Kd;G gjpy; $wf; flikg;gl;lts;.” (jh`h [hgph; my; my;thdp; - ‘Kfj;jpkh gp
/gpf;`; my; mfy;ypahj;;’)

14
,Jjhd; rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpypUe;J tuf;$ba> KOf;f KOf;f rpe;jpj;Jf;
$lg; ghu;f;f Kbahj xU jPu;g;ghFk;.

xU gpupl;b\; ngz;kzp ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l NghJ mtsJ fztd; K];ypk; my;yhjtdhf ,Uf;ff;
$banjhU re;ju;g;gk;> ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jiwf;F Gjpjhd gpur;rpid xd;wd;W. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;
fhyj;jpYk; ,g;gbahd xU gpur;rpidf;fhd re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gl;lJ. mtu;fspd; kfs; i[dg;
(uop) ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. mNj Neuj;jpy; mtUila fztu; K];ypk; my;yhjtuhfNt
,Ue;J tpl;lhu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jdJ kfis fztid tpl;L tpyfp tpLk;gbahf mwpTWj;jpdhu;fs;.
mtu;fs; my;yh`;tpd; jPu;f;fkhd fl;lisf;F vjpuhfg; Nghftpy;iy. Vnddpy;> my;yh`;tpd;
ntspg;gilahd fl;lisf;F tpNuhjkhfg; Nghtnjd;gJ> ,q;F epfof; $ba kpfg; ngupanjhU
jPikahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l xU jPikiaj;jhd; rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;fpwJ. gpwiuAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s cw;rhfg;gLj;JfpwJ.

vdNt ,d;W ,e;jg; gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;g;gjw;F ehk; rl;l E}y;fisAk;> mjd; %yq;fisAk;
gpd;Ndhf;fpr; nrd;W ghu;g;gjw;Fk;> ,];yhkpa \uPMr; rl;lj;ijr; rupahd Kiwapy; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf mtw;iwg; gbj;jha;tjw;Fkhd Njit ,Uf;fpwJ. kw;nwy;yhg; gpur;rpidfisg;
nghWj;jtiuapYk; $l ,Nj Kiwikjhd; ifahsg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nfs;tpia kPsg;ghu;g;gJ vd;gJ (Kd;fu;) jPikia Nehf;fp ,l;Lr; nry;tjhFk;. ,J \uPMr; rl;lq;fs;
topelj;jp te;j rl;lthf;fq;fspd; fUg;nghUis tpl kdpj kdq;fisAk;> fhzg;gLk; czu;T epiyfisAk;
rl;lthf;fq;fspd; %yhjhuq;fshff; nfhs;tjw;F topnra;fpwJ. ,e;jr; nray;Kiwapd; fhuzkhfj;jhd;
my;yh`; Ntjk; toq;fg;gl;l Ke;ija kf;fis rgpj;jhd;: “cq;fs; ehTfs; ,d;d nghUs; `yhy;
(mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ) ,d;d nghUs; `uhk; (jLf;fg;gl;lJ) vd;W ngha;(rl;lq;)fis $WtJ Nghd;W>
my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha;fis Vw;wpr; nrhy;yhjPu;fs;. ahu; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha;iag; Gide;J
ciuf;fpd;whu;fNsh> mtu;fs; xU NghJk; ntw;wpailtjpy;iy.|| (16:16)

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: “rpy mw;g fhuzq;fSf;fhf my;yh`; jil tpjpj;jtw;iw jq;fSf;F
rl;lG+u;tkhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf vij A+ju;fs; nra;jhu;fNsh> mtw;iw ePq;fs; nra;ahjPu;fs;”
(ey;y Mjhuq;fSld; mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; gj;jh`; ,jid mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. ,g;D ifA+k; my;
[t;]pa;ah- ‘,fhjj; my; y`;/ghd; kpd; k]hapj; my; irj;jhd;’ ,y; gjpT nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs@
NkYk;> my; jpu;kpjp ,J Nghd;wnjhU `jPi] ]`P`; vdTk; mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs;.)

15
,e;j Kiwikiaf; ifahz;L mtu;fs; KbT nra;J ,Uf;fpd;w kw;w mk;rq;fspy; rpy gpd;tUkhW:
murpayikg;gpy; K];ypk;fis ,uz;lwf; fye;Jtplr;nra;jy;> (wpgh) tl;bf;fhd mDkjp>
F/g;/ghu;fspd; ,uhZtq;fspy; Nru mDkjpg;gJ> K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLtJ Nghd;wit
mtw;wpy; rpythFk;.

murpay; <LghL> murpaypy;; ,uz;lwf; fye;J tpLjy; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilfis

kWjypg;gJ.

1. nra;ajpdh A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; ,iw epuhfupg;Gr; rl;lq;fis mKy; nra;tjpy;

<Lgl;bUe;jhu;fs; vd;gJ gw;wpa ru;r;ir.

my;Fu;Md; egp A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fspd; tuyhiw ,t;thW $Wfpd;wJ: “A+R/g;> ‘ehl;bd;

fUT+yq;fSf;F vd;id nghWg;ghsuhf;Fq;fs;. ehd; ed;F ghJfhg;gtdhfTk;> mwpe;jtdhfTk;
,Uf;fpd;Nwd;| vd;W $wpdhu;. NkYk; ,t;thW ehk; A+Rg;gpw;F me;j mjpfhuj;ij
toq;fpNdhk;. mth; mq;Nf jhk; tpUk;Gk; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; jq;fp thOk; cupik ngw;wpUe;jhu;;.||
(12:55-56)

vfpg;J murupd; ,];yhk; my;yhj Xu; Ml;rpaikg;gpy; gq;F nfhs;tjw;F egp A+R/g;(miy)
mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhu;fs; vd;gij ep&gpg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpapy; ,e;j jpUtrdk; mbf;fb
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,d;iwa K];ypk;fSk; ,Nj Nghd;W mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdr; rpyu;
thjpf;fpd;wdu;. ,jw;Nfhu; Mjhukhf gpd;tUk; my;Fu;Md; trdj;ij mtu;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;:
“kd;ddpd; jPdpd;gb (vfpg;J ehl;L mur rl;lg;gb) jk; rNfhjuiug; gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ mtUf;F
Vw;Gilajha; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; my;yh`; mjid ehbdhNy jtpu|| (12:76)

egp A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fs; kd;ddpd; rl;lq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F gjpyhf> xU jpUlid mbikahf;fp
nfhs;tjw;F> egp a/$g;(miy) mtu;fspd; \uPMitg; gad;gLj;jp> jdJ rNfhjuu; kPJ jPu;g;G
toq;f jd;id mDkjpf;fr; nra;tjw;fhf kd;did Vkhw;wpajha; ep&gpg;gjw;F ,J
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> ,jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; vjpu;kiwahd Gupjypd;gb (k/g;`_k; my;
Kfhy/gh)> A+R/g;(miy) jdJ rNfhjuiuj; jtpu kw;wtu;fSf;F kd;ddpd; rl;lg;gb jPu;g;G
toq;fpajhf kiwKfkhf njuptpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd mtu;fs; thjpLfpd;wdu;. ,e;j Mjhuq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp egp A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; ,];yhk; my;yhj xU Ml;rpaikg;gpy; mjpfhuk;
tfpj;jijAk;> \uPM my;yhj xd;iwf; nfhz;L jPu;g;G toq;fpaijAk; ep&gpf;f Kay;tJ> xU
egpapd; jtW nra;tjpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;l jd;ikf;F vjpuhf $wg;gl;l Xu; mtJ}whFk;.

16
vdNt> ,e;j thjk; kpfj; njspthd Kiwapy; gpioahdjhFk;. ,e;j thjj;jpy; cs;s gpiofisr;
Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjw;F Kd;G> ehk; A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; xU F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpy; xUNghJNk
gq;Fgw;wtpy;iy vd;gij Kjypy; ep&gpf;f tpUk;GfpNwhk;.

egp A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; kPJ khR fw;gpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;l my;Fu;Md; trdj;ij ehk;
ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L ghu;g;Nghk;: “A+R/g;> ‘ehl;bd; fUT+yq;fSf;F vd;idg;
nghWg;ghsuhf;Fq;fs;. ehd; ed;F ghJfhg;gtdhfTk;> mwpe;jtdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;| vd;W
$wpdhu;. NkYk;> ,t;thW ehk; A+R/g;gpw;F me;j mjpfhuj;ij toq;fpNdhk;. mth; mq;Nf
jhk; tpUk;Gk; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; jq;fp thOk; cupik ngw;wpUe;jhu;;.|| (12:55-56)
,e;j jpUtrdj;Jf;F rupahd tpsf;fq;fs; ,U tpjkhf ,Uf;f KbAk;: Kjyhtjhf> egp A+R/g;(miy)
ntWkNd vfpg;jpy; mWtilahFk; nghUl;fisr; Nrfupj;J mtw;iwr; Nrkpj;J itg;gjw;Fk;> me;j
Nrkpg;Gf; Fjq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; cupa nghWg;ghsuhf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ,J xU epu;thfg;
gjtpNa jtpu Ml;rpg; nghWg;Gf;fhd gjtp md;W. ,g;D fjPu;(w`;) mtu;fs; ,e;jf; fUj;ij ,e;j
jpUtrdj;Jf;fhd jdJ j/g;]Pupy; $Wfpwhu;fs;. Ri`gh ,g;D EMkhTk; ,Nj mgpg;uhaj;ijj;jhd;
nrhy;fpwhu;fs;. ,g;D fjPu; mtu;fSila j/g;]Pupy; egp A+R/g;(miy)> “mWtil nra;ag;gl;l
nghUl;fspd; fsQ;rparhiyfSf;F nghWg;gha; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. mtu;fs; murUf;F Kd;dwptpg;G
nra;j gQ;rf; fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> tpisnghUl;fis ,e;jf; fsQ;rpa rhiyfspy; Nrfupj;J
itg;ghu;fs;. mtu;fs; mjd; ghJfhtyuhf ,Uf;f tpUk;gpdhu;fs;. Vndd;why; ,e;j mWtilia
mwpthu;e;j KiwapYk;> rpwe;j tifapYk;> vy;NyhUf;Fk; gad;gLk; tpjj;jpYk; toq;f KbAk;
vd;gjw;fhf.|| (,khJj;jPd; myp my; /gpjh ,];khapy; ,g;D fjPu;- j/g;]Pu; my;Fu;MDy; moPk;)

,e;j mgpg;gpuhakhdJ> A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; F/g;iuf; nfhz;L Ml;rp nra;jhu;fs;

vd;gijNah> ,e;j Ml;rpaikg;gpy; ve;j tifapy; gq;F gw;wpdhu;fs; vd;gijNah ve;j tpjj;jpYk;
Rl;bf; fhl;Ltjhapy;iy. khwhf> A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; ntWkNd xU epu;thfg; gjtpiaNa
tfpj;jhu;fs; vd;gijNa mu;j;jg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,t;thW gjtp tfpg;gJ ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpYk; $l
`uhkhdjd;W. vdNt ,d;W F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpy; rj;jpag; gpukhzk; vLj;J> ,];yhj;ij miuAk;
FiwAkhf mKy; nra;J> kdpjdpd; nrhe;j tpUg;G ntWg;GfSf;F Vw;g nray;gLgth;fisg;
Nghd;W> xU F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpy; jPu;g;G toq;Ftjw;Fk;> <LgLtjw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;l XU
tp\akhFk;.

,uz;lhtJ mgpg;gpuhak; vd;dntd;why;> egp A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; KO ehl;bdJk; Kf;fpa

nghUshjhug; gz;lq;fs; kPJ mjpfhuk; nfhz;ltu;fshf ehL KOikf;Fkhd nghWg;G mtu;fsplk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j mgpg;gpuhaj;ij ,khk; me;egtp Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;.

17
muru;> A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fSf;F fPo;g;gl;ltuhAk;> mtu;fsJ mDkjpapd;wp ve;jnthU
jPu;g;igAk; toq;f KbahjtuhAk; ,Ue;jhu; vd mtu;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs;. my; RA+j;jp> mg;Ju;
u`;khd; ,g;D i[j; ,g;D m];yk; MfpNahh; $wpAs;sjhf ,g;D [uPu; my; jhgup
mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;: A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fSf;F “mq;F jhd; tpUk;gpaijr; nra;tjw;fhd mjpfhuk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ||. (mG+ [h/gu; K`k;kj; ,g;D [uPu; my; jhgup- [hkp my; gahd; md; jhtPy;
my;Fu;Md;)
kd;dh;> cz;ikapy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;W nfhz;ljhff; $Wk; rpy mwpQu;fspd; $w;W ,jw;F tYr;
Nru;f;fpwJ. K[h`pJk; ,Nj fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;gjhf ,g;D fjPu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;.

NkYk;> F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;Gfspy; eilngWk; Nju;jy;fspy; <Lglf; $batu;fSila

je;jpNuhghaq;fSld; ,jw;F xg;Gik toq;f KbahJ. nfhLq;Nfhy; murd; xUtd; jdJ mjpfhuj;ij
ePjp> epahaKs;s xUtuplk; ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; NfhUtJ mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij kpfr;
rhjhuzkhf ep&gpf;ff; $bajhfNt Fwpj;j jpUtrdk; mike;jpUf;fpwJ vd ,khk; me;e]/gp
Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;fs;. ,jd; fUj;J> KO mjpfhuKk; ifkhWtjhy; miuAk; FiwAkhd Xu;
mKyhf;fj;ij ,J Fwpg;gpLtjhff; fUj KbahJ vd;gjhFk;.

xU F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpy; gq;F nfhs;tijNah my;yJ ,];yhj;ij miuAk; FiwAkhf m

%yhf;FtijNah ,e;jj; jpUtrdk; mDkjpg;gjhf fUj;J nfhs;s KbahJ. ,J cz;ikapy; epidj;Jk;
ghu;f;f Kbahj> eilngw Kbahj xd;whFk;. Fu;MDf;F ,e;j Kiwapy; tpsf;fk; mspg;gJ
vd;gJ> ,jid kpfj; njspthfj; jil nra;Ak; NtW gy jPu;f;fkhd trdq;fSf;F Kuz;ghlhdjhFk;. me;j
trdq;fs; mt;thW nra;af; $ba xUtid xU fh/gpu; vd;Nwh> /ghrpf; vd;Nwh> ohypk; vd;Nwh
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd:

“NkYk;> vth; my;yh`; ,wf;fp itj;jijf; nfhz;L jPh;g;gspf;ftpy;iyNah> mj;jifNahh; jhk;

epuhfhpg;gth;fshth;.” (5:44)

“,d;Dk;> vth; my;yh`; ,wf;fp itj;jijf; nfhz;L jPh;g;gspf;ftpy;iyNah> mj;jifNahh; jhk;

mepahaf;fhuh;fshth;.” (5:45)

“,d;Dk;> vth; my;yh`; ,wf;fp itj;jijf; nfhz;L jPh;g;gspf;ftpy;iyNah> mj;jifNahh; jhk;

ghtpfshth;.” (5:47)

18
jtWfspypUe;J my;yh`;tpdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ekJ Nerj;Jf;Fupa egp A+R/g;(miy)
mtu;fSld;> ,j;jifa jd;ikfis ,izj;J ghu;g;gnjd;gJ epr;rakhf rhj;jpakhd xd;wd;W.

,j;jifa XU fUj;Njhl;lk;> mtu;fs; rpiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jdJ ,U ez;gu;fisAk; Nehf;fpf;

$Wk;> my;Fu;Mdpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;s egp A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fspd; nrhe;jf; $w;Wf;Fk;
Kuz;;ghlhdjhFk;: “Ml;rp nrYj;Jk; mjpfhuk; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUf;Fkpy;iy.
my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUf;Fk; mbgzpaf; $lhJ vd;W mtd; fl;lisapl;Ls;shd;. ,Jjhd;
Kw;wpYk; Neuhd tho;f;if newpahFk;. MapDk; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhu;
mwpahjpUf;fpd;wdu;|| (12:40)

,e;jj; jpUtrdj;jpypUe;J A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs;> cz;ikapy; my;yh`;tpd; \uPMitf; nfhz;L Ml;rp

nrYj;jhj xUtd;> jdf;nfd nrhe;j jPid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd; vd;gijNa ek;gpdhu;fs; vd;gJ
njspthfpwJ. ,J mtu;fspd; $w;whd> “,Jjhd; Kw;wpYk; Neuhd tho;f;if newpahFk;|| vd;gijf;
nfhz;L vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. kpfj; njspthf $Wtnjd;why;> A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fspd;
fUj;Jg;gb> my;yh`;tpDila \uPMtpd; mbg;gilapy; jPu;g;gspg;gJk; Ml;rp nra;tJk;> mfPjh
(mbg;gilf; nfhs;if)> njs`Pj;--my;yh`;tpd; xUikg;ghl;bd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ> my;yh`;tpd;
jPu;g;Gf;F fl;Lg;gLtJ vd;gtw;iwr; rhu;e;j xU tp\akhFk;.

my;yh`;tpd; Neuhd tho;f;if newpiag; gpd;gw;whj xUtid xU K\;upf; (,izitg;gtd;) vd

tu;zpf;Fk; A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fspd; thu;j;ijfSf;F> ,t;thWjhd; ,g;D fjPu; mtu;fs;
tpsf;fkspf;fpwhu;fs;. ,g;D fjPu; mtu;fSila tpsf;fk; gpd;tUkhW: “ ‘,Jjhd; Kw;wpYk; Neuhd
tho;f;if topahFk;’ vd;gjd; fUj;jhtJ> my;yh`;tpd; ,e;j njs`Pj;> mtdplj;jpy; kl;LNk tzf;f
topghLfspd; vy;yhr; nray;fisAk; rku;g;gpg;gJ... vd;gitjhd;> my;yh`;tpdhy; fl;lisaplg;gl;l
rupahd> Neuhd jPdhFk;. mjw;fhf Mjhuq;fisAk;> ep&gzq;fisAk; mtd; jhd;
tpUk;gpatw;wpypUe;J ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. ‘MapDk; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhu;
mwpahjpUf;fpd;wdu;| vd;gJ> mtu;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhu; Vd; K\;upf;Ffshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;
vd;gij czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.” (,khJj;jPd; myp my; /gpjh ,];khapy; ,g;D fjPu;- j/g;]Pu;
my;Fu;MDy; moPk;)

A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fs; jdJ rNfhjuupd; kPJ kd;dUila rl;lj;jpd;gb jPu;g;G toq;ftpy;iy vd;gij
tpgupf;fpd;w NghJ my;Fu;Md;> kd;dUila rl;lj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjw;F ‘jPd;’ vd;w nrhy;iyg;
gad;gLj;JfpwJ. NtW thu;j;ijfspy; nrhy;tnjd;why;> kd;dUf;F xU jPd; ,Ue;jJ@ A+R/g;
(miy) mtu;fSf;F ,d;ndhU jPd; ,Ue;jJ: “kd;ddpd; jPdpd;gb (mjhtJ> vfpg;J ehl;L muRr;

19
rl;lg;gb) jk; rNfhjuiu(Xh; mbikahf)g; gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ mtUf;F Vw;Gilajha; ,Uf;ftpy;iy-
Mdhy; my;yh`; mjid ehbdhNy jtpu!” (12:76)
K];ypk;fNs! ,J vt;thW ,Uf;f KbAk;? ekJ egp A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs;> rpiwapy; jdJ
ez;gu;fsplk;> my;yh`;tpd; \uPMjhd; Kw;wpYk; rupahd> Neuhd jPdhFk; vd;W xU
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; $wptpl;L> kw;nwhU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; murUila jPidg; gpd;gw;Wfpwhu;fs;?
,j;jifa xU mtJ}wpypUe;J my;yh`;tplj;jpypUe;J ehk; ghJfhg;Gj; NjLfpNwhk;.

,khk; e]/gp> ,g;D fjPu;> ,khk; m]; rt;fhdp MfpNahu; ,e;jj; jpUtrdj;ijg; gw;wp $Wk;
NghJ> A+R/g;(miy) jdJ rNfhjuUf;F> a/$g; (miy) mtu;fspd; \uPMtpd;gb jPu;g;gspj;jhu;fs;
vd;gNj ,jd; fUj;jhFk; vdj; njuptpf;fpd;whu;fs;. ,e;j jpUtrdj;jpy; $wg;gLk; vjpu;kiwahd
Gupjy;(k/g;`_k; Kfhy/gh) vd;gJ A+Rg;(miy) Vidatu;fs; kPJ kd;dupd; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L
jPu;g;G toq;fpajhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjhf rpyu; thjpLfpd;wdu;. k/g;`_Ky; Kfhy/gh vd;gJ
vz;zpf;if(mjj;)> tu;zid(t];/g;;) vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;L> mit kpfj; njspthd %yq;fSf;F Kuz;glhj
tifapy; ,Ue;jhy;> Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba xU Kiwaha; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; mJ
Vw;Gilajd;W. ,e;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l trdj;jpy; tUk; k/g;`_k;> k/g;`_k; my; yfg; vd
mwpag;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ xU ngau;r; nrhy;ypypUe;J my;yJ xU ngaupypUe;J (mjhtJ A+R/g;
(miy) mtu;fspd; rNfhjuupypUe;J) Xu; vjpuhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;ljhFk;. MapDk; fPNo
Fwpg;gplg;gLk; tpsf;fj;Jf;fika ,e;jg; gytPdkhd k/g;`_k; tifapd; gad;ghL> ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;
Vw;Gilajd;W. ,jid mGgf;fu; my; jfhf;Fk;> ,g;D /gh&f;Fk; xg;Gf; nfhs;fpd;whu;fs;.

,e;j tifahd gFj;jha;jiy tpsf;Ftjw;F xU rhjhuzkhd cjhuzk; jug;gLfpwJ: “ehd; i[ijf; fz;Nld;||
vd;w $w;W> ,;e;j tifahd k/g;`_ikg; gad;gLj;jp tpsq;fg;gl;lhy;> mjd; fUj;J> “i[ij md;wp
NtW ahiuAk; fhztpy;iy|| vd;wpUf;Fk;. ,e;j cjhuzj;jpy;> A+R/g; (miy) jdJ rNfhjuiu egp
a/$g; (miy) mtu;fspd; \uPMitf; nfhz;L jPu;g;gspj;jjhff; $Wk; my;yh`;tpd; jpUtrdk;>
mtu;fs; kw;wtu;fis kd;dUila rl;lj;jpd;gb jPu;g;gspj;jhu;fs; vd;w xU fUj;ijj; jUfpwJ. ,/J
cz;ikapy; kpf gytPdkhd k/g;`_k; Kfhy/gh tiffspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j tifahd gFj;jha;jiyg;
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wtu;fSf;F> nkhopuPjpahfNth> rl;luPjpahfNth> gFj;jwpTuPjpahfNth>
ve;jnthU epahaf; fhuzKk; fpilahJ vd ,khk; m\;\t;fhdp Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;fs;. ,khk; mtu;fs;
njhlu;e;J mJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ> “ ‘ehd; i[ijf; fz;Nld;’; vdr; nrhy;yf; $ba xUtu;>
mugpfspd; Ngr;R tof;fpd;gb ‘i[j; my;yhj NtW vtiuAk; ehd; ghu;f;ftpy;iy’ vd;w fUj;ij
njuptpg;gtuhf ,Uf;fkhl;lhu;. ,e;jf; fUj;J rupahdJ vd %yj;jpy; Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;bUe;jhy;
MjhuKk; Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;bUf;Fk;|| (K`k;kJ ,g;D myp my; nrt;fhdp- ,u;\hj; my; /G`_y; ,yh
j`;fPf; my; `f; kpd; ,y;k; my; c#y;)

20
,e;j tifahd k/g;`_k; Vw;GilaJ vd;whYk; $l> mJ ve;j tifapYk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl KbahJ. ,/J Vndd;why;> k/g;`_Ky; yfig Mjupg;gtu;fs; $l> ,jd; gad;ghL
ntspg;gilahd %yq;fs; Nghd;w rpy epge;jidfSld; Kuz;glf; $lhJ vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;.
vdNt> ru;r;irf;Fupa ,e;jj; jpUtrdj;jpd; kPJ ,e;j tifahd k/g;`_ikg; gad;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ
F/g;updhy; toq;ff; $ba jPu;g;Gfisj; jilnra;fpd;w gy njspthd my;Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;F
Kuz;ghlhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. “Ml;rp mjpfhuk; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUf;Fk; ,y;iy|| (12:40)
vd;w A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fspd; nrhe;j thu;j;ijf;Fk; ,J KuzhdjhFk;. mg;gbg;gl;l fUj;ijf;
nfhs;tJ vd;gJ> my;yh`;tpd; khngUk; egp xUtUf;F vjpuhd> kpfTk; nfh^ukhd> ntWf;fj;jf;f
mghz;lkhFk;. m/J mwpTf;F nghUj;jkw;w xU fUj;ijNa juKbAk; vd;gjpdhNyNa> my;
jfhf;> ,g;D /gh&f; MfpNahUk; $l ,q;F k/g;`_Ky; yfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtij Vw;f
kWj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. vdNt ,e;j ru;r;irapy;> ehk; mjid KOikahfg; Gwf;fzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1.1 thjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; mbg;gilahd jtW: Ke;ija \uPMf;fisg; gw;wpaJ.

NkNy ehk; $wpait midj;Jk;> mtJ}WfspypUe;J egp A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fspd; fz;zpaj;ijg;
ghJfhg;gjw;F khj;jpuNkahFk;. thjj;jpy; cs;s mbg;gilahd gpio vd;dntd;why;> A+R/g;(miy)
mtu;fs; ,];yhk; my;yhj Xu; Ml;rp Kiwapy; gq;F nfhz;lhu;fs; vd;gJk;> mjd; tpisthf mJ
ekf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJk;jhd;. A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fspd; \uPM> ehk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F
cupaJ vd;w mDkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa ,e;j thjk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J XU gytPdkhd
tpjpKiwahFk;. vdNt A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fs; murUila jPidf; nfhz;L elhj;jg;gl;l Xu; Ml;rp
Kiwapy; gq;F nfhz;bUe;jhYk; $l (,J Kw;wpYk; epidj;Jg; $lg; ghu;f;f Kbahj xd;W)> ,J
ve;j tifapYk; K];ypk;fSf;F xU Kd;Djhuzkhfj; jpfog; Nghtjpy;iy. Vndd;why; K];ypk;fs;>
egpkhu;fspy; ,Wjpahdtu;fshd K`k;kj;(]y;) mtu;fspd; \uPMtpdhy;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;.

vt;thW ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> rpy mwpQu;fs; ,e;j tpjpKiwia Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w mNj
Neuj;jpy;> mjw;F fPo;f;fz;l epge;jidfis epu;zapf;fpwhu;fs;: ‘ekJ Ke;ija (egpkhu;fspd;)
\uPMf;fs;> K`k;kj;(]y;) mtu;fspdhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l \uPMtpw;F Kuz;glhj tiuf;Fk;> ekf;Fk;
xU \hPMthfj; jpfo;fpwJ.’ (mGgf;fu; K`k;kj; ,g;D mgP ]`;y; m`;kj; my; ruf;\p- c]_y; my;
ruf;\p)

21
,e;j tp\aj;jpy; <u; mgpg;gpuhaq;fs; kl;LNk ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jidj; jtpu NtW ve;j Xu;
mgpg;gpuhaj;ijAk; NtW ve;j mwpQu;fSk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. Ke;jpa xU egpapDila rl;lk;
my;yJ jPu;g;G> K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspdhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l \uPMit xJf;fpj; js;sptpLk; vdf;
Fwpg;gpLtJ vs;sp eifahlg;gl Ntz;ba xd;whFk;. jq;fspd; nray;fis epahag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
mtu;fs; Kaw;rpf;fpd;w> gad;gLj;Jfpd;w Ntnwe;j gytPdkhd> Mdhy; Vw;fj;jf;f
tpjpKiwfSk; $l> ,t;thNw mikAk;. ,tw;Ws; rpy> kfhrpJ\; \uPM - \uPMtpd; Nehf;fq;fs;>
%yq;fspd; cs;shu;e;j fUj;Jf;fs;> k]hyp`; my; Ku;]yh-(nghJ eyd;) my;yJ ,U jPikfSf;Fs;
Fiwe;j jFjpia cilaJ vd;gdthFk;. ,tw;wpy; vjidAk;> kpfj; njspthd \uPM %yq;fSf;F
Kuz;gLk; tpjj;jpy; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. ,khk; f];]hyp> Mkpjp kw;Wk; ,g;D `h[pg;
Nghd;Nwhu; xd;whf (,[;kh-mwpQu;fspd; VNfhgpj;j KbT) mwptpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;:
m/jhtJ> ‘ve;j xU nghJthd MjhuKk;> xU Fwpg;gpl;;l Mjhuj;ij Kjypy; Njbg; ghu;f;fhky;>
xU Fwpg;gpl;l tp\aj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl KbahJ.’ vdNt gytPdkhd> Mdhy; Vw;Gila
tpjpKiwfshd “Ke;ija \uPMf;fspy;” ,Ue;J ,uz;lhe;jukhd rl;lthf;f %yq;fis ehbg; Nghtjw;F
Kd;> egp (]y;) mtu;fspdhy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l Fwpg;gpl;l Mjhuk; fz;bg;ghf ehlg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

ek; Kd;Ds;s tp\aj;jpy; tYthd my;yJ gytPdkhd ve;jNthu; mgpg;gpuhak;

gpd;gw;wg;gl;lhYk;> A+R/g; (miy) mtu;fspd; nray;Kiwf;Fk; ,d;W F/g;u; Ml;rp Kiwfspy;
gq;F nfhs;tjw;Fk; ve;jNthu; xg;GikAk; fhzg;gl KbahJ. ,j;jifa eltbf;ifahdJ K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtu;fs; nfhz;L te;j \uPMtpypUe;J Kuz;gLtjhFk;. gpd;tUk; jpUtrdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLtijg;
Nghd;W> gy jpUtrdq;fspy; my;Fu;Md; ,e;j fUj;ij Kd;itf;fpwJ: “vdNt egpNa! my;yh`;
,wf;fpaUspa rl;lj;jpw;F Vw;g mtu;fSila tptfhuq;fspy; jPu;g;gspAq;fs;. mtu;fSila
Mrhghrq;fisg; gpd;gw;whjPu;fs;. mtu;fs; ck;ikf; Fog;gj;jpy; Mo;j;jp> my;yh`; ck;kPJ
,wf;fpaUspa mwpTiufs; rpytw;wpypUe;J (ck;ik) ,k;kpasTk; eOtr; nra;jplhtz;zk;> ePu;
mtu;fsplk; vr;rupf;ifahf ,Ug;gPuhf!” (5:49)

A+R/g;(miy) mtu;fspd; tuyhw;iw ehk; njhFj;J Nehf;fpdhy;> mtu;fs; me;j Ml;rp

mikg;gpy; xU epu;thfpahf md;wp Ml;rp mjpfhuk; cs;stuhf gq;F nfhs;stpy;iy
vd;wpUe;jhYk; rup> my;yJ mtu;fs; KO Ml;rp mjpfhuj;Jf;Fk; nghWg;ghsuhf ,Ue;jhu;fs;
vd;wpUe;jhYk; rup> my;yJ mtu;fs; nfhz;L te;j \uPM ,d;W Vw;Gilajy;y vd;wpUe;jhYk;
rup> my;yJ K`k;kj;(]y;) mtu;fs; nfhz;L te;j \uPMtpw;F Kuz;glhj tiuapy; A+R/g;(miy)
mtu;fspd; \uPM Vw;Gilajhf ,Ue;jhYk; rup - ,it midj;Jk; cz;ikahfTk;> rupahfTk;
Njhw;wkspf;fpd;w mgpg;gpuhaq;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; $l> mit midj;Jk; F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpy;
gq;F nfhs;tij ve;j tifapNyAk; epahag;gLj;Jtjhf mikatpy;iy. mg;gbg;gl;l xU nray;Kiw

22
my;yh`;Tf;F vjpuhd kpfg; ngupa tuk;G kPwyhFk;. Vndd;why; mJ F/g;iuf; nfhz;L jPu;g;G
toq;FtijAk;> rl;lq;fis ,aw;WtijAk; Fwpg;gpLtjhfNt fUjg;gLk;. ,jpy; ek;gpf;if itj;j
Ml;rpahsh; xU fh/gpuhff; fUjg;gLthu;. mtu; mjpy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;stpy;iy vd;whYk;$l mtu;
Xu; mf;fpukf;fhuuhfNth my;yJ xU ghtpahfNthjhd; fUjg;gLthu;.

2. \uPMtpd; Nehf;fk; (kfh]pj;) eyd; tpistpg;gNj (,yhgk; jUtNj) vd;w fUJNfhs;.

,e;j fUj;jpid Mjupg;gtu;fspy; xUtuhd my; my;thdp vOJfpwhu;: “K];ypk; r%fk; jdJ
KOikahd me;j];ij jpahfk; nra;a epu;ge;jpf;fg;glhj tiuf;Fk;> mtu;fs; ‘<LghL nfhs;tJ’
mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJk;> mtu;fs; kPJ flikahdJkhFk;. r%fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuf;Fk; mJ xUtifahd
[p`hjhFk;. r%fj;jpd; xU Fwpg;gpl;l cWg;gpdu; (MNzh> ngz;Nzh)> jhd; khu;f;fj;jpy; kpf
gytPdkhf ,Ug;gjha; czu;e;jhy;> mtu; Neubahf gq;F nfhs;shky; mjw;F gjpyhf nghUshjhu
uPjpahfNth> my;yJ gpw topfspNyh MjuT toq;Ftjpy; ve;jj; jPikAkpy;iy. vdNt
K];ypk;fshNyNa ngwg;gl;l ve;jnthU gjtp my;yJ Ml;rpg;nghWg;G my;yJ mj;jifa gjtpfspy;
cs;stu;fs; kPJ jkJ nry;thf;ifr; nrYj;Jk; jd;ik Mfpa midj;Jk;> mtu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba
,yhgq;fshFk;. Vndd;why; mtu;fs; jq;fs; epiyfisr; rPu;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;@ mtu;fspd;
,Ug;igg; ghjpf;Fk; my;yJ ,];yhkpa xOf;f> jhu;kPfj; jj;Jtj;Jld; xj;jpirahj mikg;GfisAk;
rl;lq;fisAk; khw;w KbAk;. K];ypk; kf;fSld; njhlu;Gila murpay; KbTfs; kPJ xU jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;JtJk; $l ,jpy; cs;slq;Fk;. ,j;jifa cau;e;j Nehf;fq;fis miltjw;fhf cjtf;$ba> rl;luPjpahd
topKiwfs; vJTk; ,Nj tpjkhd `_f;ikj;jhd; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. xU K];ypk; jd;id rpw;rpy
murpay; gjtpfSf;F Kd;dpWj;JtJk;> xU K];ypky;yhj Ntl;ghsu; K];ypk;fSf;F mjpfkhf ed;ik
nra;tgtuhfTk; my;yJ Fiwe;jsT jPik nra;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhy; mtiuj; Nju;e;njLg;gJk;> gzj;ijf;
nfhz;L mtUf;F cjtpaspg;gJk; $l ,jpy; cs;slq;Fk;. gpujpgydhf vjidAk; ngwhky; mtu;fisf;
fz;zpaj;NjhL elj;Jtjw;Fk;> mtu;fSld; ey;y cwTfisg; NgZtjw;Fk; my;yh`; ekf;F
mDkjpj;jpUf;fpwhd;. mg;gbapUf;Fk; NghJ> mj;jifnjhU kdpjDf;F MjuT toq;Ftijf; nfhz;L
ekf;F kpfj;njspthd ,yhgq;fSk;> ed;ikfSk; fpilf;fpd;wd vd;why;> ehk; Vd; mtiu Mjupf;ff;
$lhJ?”

k];y`h vdg;gLk; ed;ik> ,yhgk;> mD$yk;> eyd; vd;gijf; nfhz;L mjidg; gad;gLj;Jtij
Mjhp;g;gtu;fs; vd;d nghUs; nfhs;fpd;wdu;; njupAkh? ‘k];y`hthdJ> rl;lfu;j;jhthd ,iwtd;
xU \uPM Mjhuj;jpd; %ykhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj my;yJ Gwf;fzpj;j xU ed;ikahFk;. NkYk;
mjid miltjw;fhf mtd; xU `_f;ik(rl;lj;ij)j; juTkpy;iy.’ mtu;fspy; rpyu; mjw;F ,t;thW
tiutpyf;fzk; $Wfpd;wdu;;: ‘m/jhdJ> kf;fSf;F my;yJ jdp egu;fSf;F xd;wpy; epue;jukhdjha;

23
my;yJ nghJthdjha; mikAk; ed;ikia> m/jhtJ Xh; ,yhgj;ij> xUth; mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhff;
ifahSk; xU nraiyg; gw;wpa tpsf;fkhFk;.’

Nkw;fpd; murpay; tho;f;ifapy; gq;F nfhs;tij Mjupj;J gpurhuk; nra;gtu;fs;> jq;fspd; ,e;jg;
Gupjy; K];ypk;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; ,yhgj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. NkYk; ,/J>
“,U ey;y nray;fspy; vJ rpwe;jJ vdr; rPu; J}f;fpg; ghu;j;J mjidj; Njh;e;njLg;gijAk;> ,U
eyd;fspy; vJ kpfg; ngupaJ vd;gij mwpe;J> mit ,uz;by; vJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fiwe;jNjh mjidg;
Gwf;fzpg;gijAk;> ,U jPikfspy; vJ jPikfspy; Fiwe;jNjh mjid Vw;W nfhs;tijf; nfhz;L ,U
jPikfspy; Nkhrkhdij tpyf;FtijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhFk;|| vd;fpd;wdh;.

fPo;f;fz;l fUj;Jf;fspd; fhuzkhf> ,e;jf; fz;Nzhl;lk; jtwhd topapy; mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; xU thjk;
vd;gij ed;F mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;:

 ed;ik> jPikiag; gw;wp epu;zapf;fpd;w cupik cyfq;fspd; ehadhd my;yh`;Tf;Nf

cupajhFk;. vijnaij vy;yhk; \uPM nra;af; NfhUfpwNjh> mit midj;Jk; ,yhgk; juf;
$baJk;> eyd; tpistpg;gJkhFk;. NkYk; vijnaij vy;yhk; \uPM jLf;fpd;wNjh> mit
jPikfshFk;. my;yh`;tpd; jpUtrdk; ,e;jf; fUj;ijj;jhd; njuptpf;fpd;wJ: “Nghu;
nra;AkhW cq;fSf;F (K];ypk;fSf;F) fl;lis ,lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; mJNth cq;fSf;F
ntWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. xU nghUs; cq;fSf;F ed;ikahf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; mjid ePq;fs;
ntWf;ff; $Lk;. NkYk;> xU nghUs; cq;fSf;F jPikahf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy;> mjid
ePq;fs; tpUk;gf; $Lk;. (,tw;iw) my;yh`; ed;F mwpfpd;whd;. Mdhy; ePq;fs;
mwptjpy;iy.” (2:216)

 KbT nra;Ak; cupikia cs;sj;jplk; nfhLj;jhy;> me;j cs;sk; FWfyhdJ>

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gjhy;> cz;ikahd ,yhgj;ijAk;> gyidAk; juf;$ba tp\aj;ijj;
jPu;khdpg;gjw;F kf;fs; f\;lg;gLthh;fs;. cs;skhdJ> kdpjdpd; ,ay;igAk;> mtdJ
nka;g;ghl;ilAk; #o;e;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; mw;wjhFk;. mjdhy; mtDf;F ,yhgk; juf;
$batw;iw jPu;khdpg;gjw;F ,ayhJ. Vnddpy;> xd;W ‘,yhgk; juf;$bajh? my;yJ jPik
tpistpf;ff;$bajh?’ vd;gijj; njhpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf> mjd; nka;g;ghl;il epr;rakhf
mjdhy; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. kdpjdpd; nka;g;ghl;il mtdJ gilg;ghsdhd
,iwtdhyd;wp NtW ahuhYk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. kdpjdpd; gilg;ghsdhd
my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahhpdhYk; mjd; ,yhgq;fisg; gw;wp kpfj; Jy;ypakhfTk;>
EZf;fkhfTk; jPh;khdpf;f KbahJ. Mk;> xU nghUs; my;yJ tp\ak;> ‘,yhgk; juf;

24
 $bajh my;yJ jPq;F tpistpf;ff;$bajh?’ vd;gJ gw;wp kdpjdhy; rpe;jpj;J ghh;f;f
KbAk;. Mdhy; mtdhy; mjidj; jPh;f;fkhf Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. vdNtjhd;>
mDkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; v/J ,yhgk; jUtJ> ed;ik gag;gJ vdj; jPh;khdpf;Fk;
nghWg;ig cs;sj;jplk; tpl;LtpLtJ vd;gJ> mghaj;ijAk; NghpliuAk; Nehf;fp ,l;Lr;
nry;tjhfNt mikAk;. Vndd;why;> xd;W jPikahdJ vd;W ehk; epidf;ff; $Lk;.
gpd;dh;> mJ ed;ik gag;gjhf mtDf;F Njhw;we; jUk;. ,jdhy;> mtd; Vw;fdNt xU
ed;ikia jd;dplj;jpypUe;J mfw;wpf; nfhz;L tpLfpd;whd;. ekf;F jLf;fg;gl;litfspy;
,yhgk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd ehk; thjpg;gjpypUe;J my;yh`; ek;ikg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;!

 ,Jjtpu> vy;NyhuhYk; kpfg; gfpuq;fkhfg; ghu;f;ff;$ba tpjj;jpy; K];ypk;fSf;fpilNa

mgupkpjkhd ru;r;irfSk; gpzf;FfSk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ> ‘eyd;fis’ ahu;jhd;
tiuaWg;gJ? ajhh;j;jj;ij cw;Wg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> k];[pJfspd; epu;thfj;ijAk; mjd;
epjpiaAk; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf vj;jid Nghuhl;lq;fs; elf;fpd;wd. Nkw;Fyfpy;
kpfr; nrhw;gkhd k];[pJfspy; kl;LNk ,e;epiy fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. ,e;j cz;ikia ahtUk;
mwptu;. ,t;thW ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> ehk; ,yhgq;fisAk; ed;ikfisAk; gw;wp vt;thW Ngr
KbAk;? ahu;jhd; ,it vitnait vd epu;zak; nra;ag; Nghfpd;wdu;;? cjhuzkhf>
K];ypk;fs; jkf;fpilapy; fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;shj ve;j xU Nju;jyhtJ ,Ue;jpUf;fpwjh?
If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpy; ele;j cs;Suhl;rpj; Nju;;jypy;> K];ypk;fs; rpyh; Rje;jpu
[dehaff; fl;rpapy; ,ize;jdu;; my;yJ mjw;F thf;fspj;jdu;;. fpyhgj; epu;
%ykhf;fg;gLk; NghJ> ,e;jf; fl;rpjhd; Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;jJ. NtW rpyu;> gioikthj
fl;rpapy; ,ize;J nfhs;tjw;F Mjuthf Fuy; nfhLj;jdu;. ,d;Dk; rpyu;> jhq;fs;
njhopw;fl;rpapd; cWg;gpduhf ,Uf;fpNwhk; vd;w cz;ikiag; gpwUf;F ntspf;
fhl;Ltjpy; ngUikaile;jdu;.

 ,e;jf; fUj;ij Mjupg;gtu;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> ,yhgq;fSf;fhd epge;jidahdJ> ,e;j

,yhgq;fSk;> ed;ikfSk; mryhdjhfTk;> nrhe;j tpUg;G ntWg;Gfis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;litahf my;yhkYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ,Ue;jNghJk;> F/g;u;
Ml;rpaikg;gpy; gq;F nfhs;tjd; %ykhf ,tw;iw mile;J nfhs;s mthTWk; ,e;j kdpju;fs;
fpilg;gjhff; $Wk; ,yhgq;fSk; ed;ikfSk;> ngUk;ghYk; fw;gidj; Njhw;wq;fshfTk;>
Kw;wpYk; cz;ikf;F Gwk;ghdjhfTNk mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. Nkw;Fyfj;jpdhy; mile;J
nfhs;sg;gLk; ,yhgq;fisj; jtpu NtnwitAk; mryhd ,yhgq;fs; my;y.

25
  gq;F nfhs;tjd; %yk; my;yhky; k];[pj;fs;> ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; Vida cupikfis mile;J
nfhs;s KbahJ vd ,tu;fs; thjpLfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntd;why;> K];ypk;fs;
fle;j 30 Mz;Lfshf ‘murpay; <LghL’ ,y;yhkNyNa> Nkw;fpy; tho;e;J
tUfpd;wdu;@ jq;fSf;F kj;jpapypUe;Nj mtu;fs; k];[pj;fisAk;> ghlrhiyfisAk;
epWtp tUfpd;wdu;.

 K];ypk;fspd; thf;Ffisf; nfhz;L mnkupf;f [dhjpgjpj; Nju;jy;fspy; ntw;wpaPl;ba

N[hu;[; lgps;A+ G\;\pd; cjhuzj;jpypUe;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba xU gbg;gpid
,Uf;fpwJ. K];ypk;fspy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifahNdhu;> ,e;j kdpju;> epWtdq;fis mikj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;F jq;fis mDkjpg;gjd; %yKk;> jq;fs; gpujpgypg;igr; rPh;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tjw;F cjTtjd; %yKk; gy];jPd; Nghd;w gy;NtW gpur;rpidfspy; Mjuit
toq;Ftjd; %yKk; ,];yhkpa eyd;fis mile;J nfhs;tjw;F JizNghthu; vd epidj;jdu;. mtu;
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;L mjpfhug;gPlj;jpy; mku;e;j clNdNa> Gjpa rpYit Aj;jj;jpw;fhd
jPg;nghwpiag; gw;w itj;J> gaq;futhjk; vd;w Nghypf; fhuzj;jpd; fPo;; cyf
K];ypk;fisf; nfhy;tjw;Fk;> ehL flj;Jtjw;Fk;> Juj;Jtjw;Fk; Muk;gpj;jhu;. If;fpa
,uh[;[paj;jpy;; jw;Nghija njhopw;fl;rpiag; gw;wpAk; ,Nj tpjkhfNt $w KbAk;.
,q;F K];ypk;fspy; gyu;> K];ypk;fspd; tho;T vspjhdjha; mike;J tpLk; vd
vjpu;ghu;j;J> ,e;jf; fl;rpf;F thf;fspj;jdu;. Mdhy; mjw;F khwhf> me;jf; fl;rpapd;
Ml;rp K];ypk;fSf;F KOf;f KOf;f Jd;gj;ijAk; Jauj;ijAk; jhd; nfhz;L te;jJ.

Nkw;fpy; murpay; tho;tpy; gq;F nfhs;tjdhy; fpilf;Fk; ,yhgq;fs; fw;gidahditNa md;wp

mryhditay;y vd;W ep[khdJk;> cWjpahdJk;> ed;F czug;gl;lJkhd cz;ik epiy ekf;F
czu;j;JfpwJ. ,d;Dk; rupahfr; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> mtu;fs; ekJ thf;Ffisj; jq;fs; nrhe;j
,yhgq;fSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ehk; F/g;u; Ml;rpapy; gq;F nfhz;Nlhk;
vd;gjw;fhfNth my;yJ ehk; mtu;fisj; Nju;e;njLj;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;gjw;fhfNth> mtu;fs;
jq;fspd; ,yhgj;ijf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;l nfhs;iffis khw;wp tpLtJkpy;iy@ jq;fs; Kf;fpa eyd;fis
iftpLtJkpy;iy.

mtu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;: “mtu;fs; tpthjpf;fpd;w - Mjhuq;fshf vLj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fpd;w ,yhgq;fs;>

mtw;iw mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf rl;lfu;j;jhthd ,iwtd; xU rl;lj;ij juhjjhfTk;> \uPMtpd;
ep&gzq;fs; mtw;iw Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjh my;yJ Gwe;js;Stjh vd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;lhjitahfTk;
mike;jpUf;fpd;wd.|| (/gf;UjPd; ,g;D K`k;kj; mu;uh]p- my; k`;Ry; /gp ,y;k; c#y; my;
/gpf;`;@ mG+`hkpj; ,g;D K`k;kj; my; f];]hyp- my; K];j];/gh kpd; ,y;Ky; c#y;)

26
Mdhy;;> ,yhgq;fis mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf F/g;u; Ml;rpapy; gq;F nfhs;tnjd;gJ> kpfj; jPu;f;fkhd
Mjhuq;fs; gopj;Jf; $wf;$ba xd;wha; mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jj; jpl;ltl;lkhd ep&gzq;fs;>
,k;Kiwapy; ,yhgk; mile;J nfhs;tij epuhfupj;jpUf;fpd;wd@ NkYk;
nry;Ygbaw;wjhf;fpapUf;fpd;wd.

‘ed;ikahd ,U nray;fspy; rpwe;jJ vJ vdr; rPu;;J}f;fpg; ghu;g;gjw;Fk;> ,U jPikfspy; Fiwe;j

jFjpAilaijg; Gwf;fzpg;gjw;Fkhd’ tpjpKiwahdJ> mjidg; gpd;gw;WNthu;fSs;> nray;fspy;
xd;iwj; Nju;e;njLj;J nra;tijj; jtpu jdf;F Ntnwe;j rhj;jpaf;$Wkpy;iy vd;w epiyapYs;s xU
K];ypKf;F kl;LNk nghUe;Jk;. ,jw;fhd Xh; cjhuzkhf> xU ngz;Zila kiwthd gFjpfs; ntspahd
epiyapy;> mtis kuzj;jpypUe;J fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F xUtu; Kaw;rp nra;Ak; epfo;itr;
Rl;bf;fhl;lyhk;. me;jg; ngz;iz ,j;jifar; #o;epiyapy; xUtd; fz;lhy;> mtisf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F
mtd; epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;. mg;nghOJ mtd;> mtsJ mt;uh vDk; kiwthd gFjpfisf; fhz
Neu;e;jhYk;> mtd; mtisf; fhg;ghw;Wk; nraiy nra;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j epiy jtpu;f;fg;gl KbAk;
vd;w tp\aq;fspy;> ,j;jifa tpjpKiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjpapy;iy. mg;gbg;gl;l tp\aq;fisg;
nghWj;jtiuapy;> ,U jPikfspy; Fiwe;j jFjpAilaJ vd;W xd;W fpilahJ.

Nrf; mg;Jy;yh`; igah`;> mnkupf;fhtpd; fyp/Nghu;dpah khfhzj;jpy; rhd;lh fpyhuhtpy;

1999k; Mz;L epfo;j;jpa ciunahd;wpy; ,t;thW $wpapUf;fpd;whu;: “,e;j ehl;by; murpay;
Ntl;ghsu;fisg; gw;wp kf;fs; mf;fiw nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ xU Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd
czu;fpNwd;. K];ypk;fisg; gw;wp cld;ghlhd kdg;ghd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gjhf mwpag;gLk; -
K];ypk;fspd; eltbf;iffSf;F Mjuthf ,Uf;ff;$ba - vjpu;j;J epw;fpd;w Ntl;ghsu;fis tpl
Neu;ikahd> rpwe;j kdpju;fs; vd;W mwpag;gl;l Ntl;ghsu;fSf;F - ehk; MjuT mspj;jhy;>
c#yp mwptpd;gb> ,/J ,U jPikfspy; Fiwe;j jFjpAilanjhd;iwj; Nju;e;njLg;gjhf ,Uf;Fk;.||

Mdhy; F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpy; gq;F nfhs;tJ vd;gJ> ek;khy; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;s KbAkhd
xd;whFk;. ,jdhNyNa ,e;j tpjpKiwia ,q;F gpuNahfpg;gJ nry;Ygbaw;wjhdnjhd;W vd;W
ehk; Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. mJ ve;j tifapYk; njspe;j> rupahd mwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f
KbahJ.

,U ey;y nray;fSf;F ,ilapy; rpwe;jijAk;> ,U jPikfSf;F ,ilapy; Fiwe;jijAk; epu;zak; nra;tJ>

\uPMNt md;wp kdpjdpd; cs;skd;W. K];ypk;fs;> jq;fspd; kdpj cs;sq;fSf;F epu;zak;
nra;tjw;Fk; rPu;J}f;fpg; ghu;g;gjw;Fkhd cupikia toq;fpaNghJ -- jq;fspd; cs;sq;fspYk;

27
mgpg;gpuhaq;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; Vw;wj; jho;Tfspd; fhuzkhf> mjid mtu;fshy; nra;a ,ayhj
epiyapy; -- ,e;j tpjpKiwfspd; mbg;gilapy;> If;fpa ,uh[;[pa nghJj; Nju;jypy; Nlhdp
gpNsaiuj; njupT nra;jdu;. gioikthjpfisg; Gwk;js;spdu;. mjd; KbT vd;djha; ,Ue;jJ? ,U
jPikfspy; Nkhrkhdij mtu;fspdhy; jLf;f Kbe;jjh? my;yJ mjid Kd;Df;F nfhz;L tu Kbe;jjh?

2.1 \uPMtpd; kfh]pj; (Nehf;fq;fs;) gw;wpa xU tpsf;fk;.

\uPM> kf;fSf;F ed;ik gag;gjw;Fupa rl;lf; fhuzp (,y;yh`;) cld; jug;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ vdr; rpyu;;
thjpLfpd;wdu;. ,e;jf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpypUe;J ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> \uPM ehLfpd;w Nehf;fq;
(kfh]pj;)fspypUe;J Ie;J ed;ikfs; fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wd vd mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mitahtd: jPd;
(tho;f;if newp)> cly;> cs;sk;> guk;giu> nrhj;J Mfpatw;iwg; ghJfhg;gjhFk;. ,e;jf;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd;gb> ,e;j Nehf;fq;fNs m`;fhk;(rl;lq;fs;) midj;Jf;Fkhd ,y;yh`; (fhuzp) Mf
vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

\uPM KOikahf ,e;j Nehf;fq;fisNa ehLfpwnjd;why;> ,jd; tpisthf me;j Nehf;fq;fNs rl;lq;fs;
KOikf;Fk; ,y;yh`;(fhuzp) Mfj; jpfo;fpd;wd vd;why;> jdpg;gl;lr; rl;lq;fspd;;
Nehf;fq;fshfTk;> mtw;Wf;fhd ,y;yh`; thfTk; $l mit ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ,jpypUe;J ehk; KbT
nra;ayhk;. rl;lq;fisNa ,];jpf;uh vDk; Ez;zha;Tg; guprPyid nra;J ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> mit ,e;j
Nehf;fq;fisj;jhk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vdf; fhl;Ltjdhy;> ,f;fUj;J ,d;Dk; gykhf epWtg;gLfpwJ.
vdNt> %yj;ijj; $u;e;J Ma;T nra;jjd; gpd;du;> %yj;jpy; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;w nja;tPf
Qhdj;jpypUe;Jk;> ,y;yh`;(fhuzp)fspy; ,Ue;Jk;> NkYk; me;jr; rl;lq;fspd;
tpisTfspypUe;Jk; ,e;j Nehf;fq;fs;jhd; ehlg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijf; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.
,jpypUe;J> \uPMtpdhy; ehlg;gLfpd;w Nehf;fq;fNsh my;yJ ed;ikfNsh jhk;> m`;fhkpd;
(rl;lq;fspd;) ,y;yh`;(fhuzpfs;) Mf tpsq;Ffpd;wd vd;w KbTf;F tuyhk;.

rl;lq;fSf;fhd xU fhuzpia (,y;yh`;it)r;> Rl;bf; fhl;Ltjw;fhd xU topahf ,e;j Kiwiag;

gpd;gw;Wgtu;fs;> ,e;jg; gbKiwf;F rpy epge;jidfis tpjpf;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs; m`;fhKf;F Vd;
Xu; ,y;yh`;itf;; nfhLf;fpd;wdh; vd;why;> kfh]pJf;F Kuz;;ghlw;w tpjj;jpy; xU ed;ikia
my;yJ ,yhgj;ij mit nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gjhw; jhd;. NkYk; mtu;fs;> \uPM ,e;j k];y`hit
mq;fPfupg;gNjhL> mtw;iw ntspg;gilahf uj;Jr; nra;af;$ba xU %yk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ my;yJ mjd;
ed;ikfis fUj;jpw; nfhs;tjw;F ek;ikj; jilnra;tjhf m/J ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;fpd;wdu;.

vdNt> mtu;fs; (k]hyp`;) ed;ikfis %d;W tiffshfg; gpupj;jdu;:

28
1. k];y`h Ks;fh (uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;l ed;ik)
2. k];y`h K/jguh (mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l ed;ik)
3. k];y`h Ku;]yh (mwpag;glhj ed;ik)
k];y`h Ks;fhtpNy> (k];y`hit) ed;ikia %yNk uj;J nra;J tpLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd cjhuzk;> %yk;
[p`hj; nra;a fl;lisapl;l NghJ> ,/J ,ay;ghfNt kdpj capu;fspd; ,og;igf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,J> capiuj;
jPq;F tpisahjgb ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpw;F my;yJ k];y`h vd;w ed;ikf;F Kuz;ghlhdjhFk;.
Mdhy;> ,e;j ed;ik uj;J nra;ag;gLfpwJ@ Vndd;why;> ,q;F %yNk mjid mwptpf;fpd;wJ.

k];y`hit-ed;ikfis ntspg;gilahf uj;J nra;ahj m`;fhkpy;-rl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J cUthfpd;w nray;fs;>

k];y`h K/jguh vd;w ,uz;lhtJ tifiar; rhUk;. ,jpy;> mtw;wpd; ed;ikfs; \uPMtpdhy;
mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwd vd;w thjk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf> kJrhuk;
mUe;Jtijj; jil nra;tjw;fhd Nehf;fk; (my;yJ k];y`h) %yj;jpdhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ
(K/jgh;)@ Vndd;why; mJ jil nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjw;fhd jyPy; (Mjhuk;) %yj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. \uPMtpd; Nehf;fq;fspy; xd;W> cs;sj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjhFk;. vdNt mJ>
kJrhuj;ijj; jilnra;tjw;fhd Nehf;fkhf (my;yJ k];y`hthf) nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ@ kJrhuj;ijr;
jilnra;tjw;fhd ,y;yh`;thf (fhuzpahf) FbNghij mikfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; m/J cs;sj;ijg;
ghJfhf;fpd;w Nehf;fj;ij epiwT nra;fpd;wJ. ,ay;ghfNt cs;sj;ijg; Nghijapy; Mo;j;jf; $ba
kJrhuk; my;yhj nghUl;fisj; jil nra;tjw;Fk; cupajhf ,e;j (,y;yh`;); fhuzp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

k]hyp`; Ku;]yhitg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mJ> nraYf;fhd Fwpg;gpl;l ve;j jyPYk; (MjhuKk;)

,y;yhj xd;whFk;. vdNt ehk; mjd; ed;ik uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;ljh my;yJ mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;ljh
vd;gijr; nrhy;y ,ayhJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,e;j nray; jyPy; Fy;yp vdg;gLk; gue;jstpyhd
Mjhuj;jpd; fPo; tUk; Ie;J kfh]pj;(Nehf;fq;)fSk; %yq;fis ,];jpf;uh (guprPyid) nra;tjd; %yk;
ngwg;gLtjdhy;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l jyPy; (Mjhuk;) ,y;yhj nray;fSf;F> mit (Ie;J Nehf;fq;fSk;)
gue;jstpyhd Mjhuk; (jyPy; Fy;yp) Mf tpsq;Fk;. vdNt nray;> \uPMtpd; Nehf;fq;fspy;
xd;iw epiwNtw;Wnkd;why;> me;j Nehf;fk; me;j nraypd; k];y`hthf (ed;ikahf) vLj;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gLk;. Vnddpy;> Nehf;fq;fs; ‘,y;yhy;’(,y;yh`;tpd; gd;ikr; nrhy;); vDk; fhuzpfshff;
ifahsg;gLtjpdhy;> xU nray; Nehf;fj;ij epiwT nra;jhy;> m/J ,y;yh`;it epiwNtw;wpajd;
fhuzkhf rl;lg; G+u;tkhdjhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,e;jf; fUj;ij Kd;itg;gtu;fs;> ]`hghf;fs; Fu;Midr;
Nrfuk; nra;jij cjhuzkhff; fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. ,q;F> me;j nraYf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l jyPy;
(Mjhuk;) fpilahJ@ Mdhy;> me;jr; nray; jPid(tho;;f;if newpia)g; ghJfhf;fpd;w
k];y`hit(ed;ikia) epiwT nra;fpwJ@ vdNt me;jr; nray; fl;lhaf; flik xd;whFk;. ,/J
Vndd;why;> me;jr; nray; jPidg; ghJfhg;gJ vd;w ,y;yh`;it (fhuzpia) epiwT nra;fpd;wJ.

29
NkNy tpsf;fg;gl;l Kiwia> ,y;yh`;it (fhuzpia) milahsk; fhz;gjw;fhd topfSs;(k];yf;) xd;whf
mwpQu;fs; rpyu; ifahz;bUf;fpd;wdu;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mtu;fSila thjq;fis ehk; Nrhjpj;Jg;
ghu;j;jhy;> fPof;fz;l fhuzq;fshy; mth;fspd; Gupjy; gpioahdJ vd;gij ehk; mwpe;J
nfhs;syhk;:

2.1.1 kfh]pj;> \uPM KOikf;Fkhd Nehf;fq;fNsad;wp jdpg;gl;l m`;fhk;fSf;fhd Nehf;fq;fs;

my;y.

jdpg;gl;l m`;fhk;fSf;fhd Nehf;fq;fNs> kfh]pj; (Nehf;fq;fs;) MFk; vd;w thjk;

rupahdjd;W. ,/J Vndd;why; kdpjDf;fhd ed;ikNa \uPMtpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. m/J ,y;yh`;
vdg;gLk; fhuzpf;F cupj;jhdjd;W. cjhuzkhf> my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;: “(egpNa) ehk; ck;ik
cyfj;jhUf;F mUl;nfhilahf md;wp mDg;gtpy;iy|| (21:107)

,q;Nf mUl;nfhil vd;gJ> J}ij KOikahf tu;zpg;gjhFk;@ my;yJ NtW thu;j;ijapy;

nrhy;tnjd;why;> \uPM KOtJk; kdpjdpd; k];y`h my;yJ ed;ikf;fhfNt te;jpUf;fpwJ.
,Ue;jNghjpYk;> jdpg;gl;l m`;fhk; k];y`hTf;fhf te;jpUf;fpwJ vdf; fUjg;glf;$lhJ.
Vndd;why;> ed;ik my;yJ jPikiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> %yj;jpy; ve;j tpjkhd Rl;bf; fhl;LjYk;
fhzg;gltpy;iy. NtW tpjkhfr; nrhy;tnjd;why;> ed;ik my;yJ jPikiag; gw;wp ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;
nfhs;shkNyjhd; m`;fhk;fs; te;jpUf;fpd;wd. vdNt> kdpjd; jdJ capiu ,of;f Neupl;lhYk; $l>
[p`hjpy; <Lgl;Nl MfNtz;Lk;@ jdJ [Ptdj;Jf;fhf ciof;f Kbahky; NghFk; vd;wpUe;jhYk; $l>
xU jpUldpd; if Jz;bf;fg;gl;Nl Mf Ntz;Lk;.

2.1.2 kfh]pj; vd;gJ m`;fhk;fspd; tpisTfNs my;yhky; m`;fhk;fSf;fhd (,y;yh`;) fhuzpfsy;y.

Kd;Fwpg;gpl;l Ie;J kfh]pj;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> mit rpw;rpy m`;fhk;fspd; KbTfNsahFk;.

mit> ,e;j m`;fhk;(rl;lq;);fspd; ,y;yh`; (fhuzpfs;) my;y. cjhuzkhf> Xu; ,y;yh`;it (fhuzpia)j;
juhkNy Fu;Md; gyjhuj; jpUkzj;ij mDkjpf;fpwJ. vdpDk; gyjhu kzj;ijg; gw;wpa rl;lj;ijg;
gpuNahfpg;gjDila cz;ik epiy> rpw;rpy gpur;rpidfs; mjdhy; jPu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;gNj.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> kidtp Foe;ijfisg; ngw;nwLf;f Kbahky; ,Ug;gJ my;yJ r%fj;jpy; Mz;fis tplg;
ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if kpf mjpfkhf ,Ug;gJ Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs;> gyjhu kzj;ijg; gw;wpa
rl;lj;ijg; gpuNahfpg;gjd; Clhf jPu;f;fg;gl KbAk;. vdNt> gyjhu kzj;ijg; gw;wpa `_f;k;
(rl;lk;) rpw;rpy tpisTfis nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ@ Mdhy;> ,it `_f;kpDila (rl;lj;jpDila) ,y;yh`;

30
(fhuzpfs;) my;y. kfh]pj; (Nehf;fq;fs;) vtw;wpypUe;njy;yhk; vLj;Jj; jug;gl;ldNth> me;j
kw;nwy;yh m`;fhk;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; ,Nj epiyjhd; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

2.1.3 `pf;fhk; (tpNtfk;) rl;lfu;j;jhtpdhy; ehlg;gLfpd;w Nehf;fq;fshFk;@ mit

m`;fhk;fSf;fhd ,y;yh`;fs; my;y.

,/J Vndd;why;> rl;lfu;j;jhtpdhy; ehlg;glf;$ba xU tpisTjhd; k];y`h-ed;ikfs; MFk;@ mJ>

rl;lj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;fhd rl;lfu;j;jhtpd; fhuz khfhJ. my;yh`; $Wtijf; ftdpAq;fs;: “mtu;fSf;fhf
mq;F Vw;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;s ed;ikfis mtu;fs; fhzl;Lk.;|| (22:28)

,q;Nf $wg;gLk; ed;ikfs;> `[;[_ gw;wpa rl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J ehlg;glf;$ba

tpisTfshFk;. mit `[;[_ Vd; rl;lkhf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjw;fhd fhuzpay;y. ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy;> ,e;j
ed;ikfs; Vw;fdNt milag;gl;bUf;Fk; vd;why;> `[;[_ Njitaw;w xd;whapUf;Fk;. ,/J
mgj;jkhdnjhd;whFk;.

m`;fhk;;(rl;lq;)fspd; KbTfSk; ed;ikfSk; rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;lg; gpd;dNu Vw;gLtjhy;>

rl;lthf;fg; gbKiwfSlDk; rl;lq;fs; njupe;njLf;fg;gLtJlDk; mtw;Wf;F ve;jj; njhlu;Gk; ,y;iy
vd;gij ,q;Nf Rl;bf;fhl;LtJ kpfg;nghUj;jkhFk;. ,y;yh`; vd;gJ> rl;lthf;fj;Jld; njhlu;GgLj;jpg;
ghu;f;Fk; NghJ khj;jpuNk Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. Vndd;why;> rl;lthf;fk; epiy
ngWtjw;F> ,Jjhd; fhuzkhf mikfpwJ. vdNt `pf;fhKk;> kfh]pJk; rl;lq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w
tp\aj;jpy; vj;jifa njhlu;Gk; mw;witahFk;.

2.1.4 xU Fwpg;gpl;l jyPy; (Mjhuk;) ,y;yhj nray;fSf;F ,y;yh`; ;(fhuzp)fshf tpsq;ff;$ba

tpjj;jpy;> kfh]pj;(Nehf;fq;fs;)> jyPy; Fy;yp (KOikahd rhd;W)fshf khl;lh.

%yq;fisg; gbj;jha;e;j gpwF> xU Fwpg;gpl;l jyPy; (Mjhuk;) ,y;yhj nray;fSf;F> jyPy;

Fy;yp (gue;jstpyhd Mjhuk;) Mf> kfh]pJfs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd vd;w fUj;Njhl;lk;> <u;
mk;rq;fspdhy; gpioahdjhfj; njd;gLfpwJ: Kjyhtjhf> kfh]pj; vd;gJ m`;fhk;fspd; cz;ikia
epiyia ntWkNd tpsf;FtNjad;wp> mit jyPy; Fy;yp my;y. ,uz;lhtjhf> jyPy; Fy;yp>
m`;fhk;fspd; cz;ik epiyia tpsf;Fgitay;y@ khwhf> mJ xU jdpg;gl;l jyPypNyh my;yJ jyPy;
(rhd;W)fspd; njhFjpapNyh mlq;fpapUf;Fk; xU tpjpKiwahFk;. vdNtjhd;> (Foe;ijf;F)
ghY}l;Ltijg; gw;wpa my;Fu;Md; trdj;jpypUe;J> ghY}l;Ltjw;fhf xUtiu thliff;F
mku;j;Jtjw;Fupa tpjpKiw ngwg;gLfpwJ. (65:6)

31
,J kfh]pj; Mfkhl;lhJ. ,it Fwpg;gpl;l m`;fhk; vq;fpUe;J njupe;J nfhs;sg;gLfpwNjh mjd;
tpisTfSk;> Nehf;fq;fSkhFk;. ,e;j tpisTfSk;> Nehf;fq;fSk; Vida nray;fSf;F Mjhukhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl KbahJ@ Vnddpy; \uPMtpd; `_f;k; (rl;lk;)> xU jdpg;gl;l jyPypy; ,Ue;Njh
my;yJ jyPy;fspd; njhFjpapy; ,Ue;Njh ngwg;gLgitNaad;wp> mit jdpg;gl;l m`;fhk;fspd;
tpisTfspy; ,Ue;Jk;> Nehf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gLgitay;y. NkYk;> nfhifd;> mgpd;>
n`Nuhapd; Nghd;w Nghijg; nghUl;fs; jLf;fg;gl;lit vd;w cz;ik> K`k;kj;(]y;) mtu;fspd;
gpd;tUk; $w;wpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wJ: “Nghij jUk; xt;nthd;Wk; fk;u; MFk;@ vy;yh
fk;u;fSk; `uhkhFk;.||

mit jLf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd jyPy;-rhd;W> cs;sj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Nehf;fkd;W. mJ rpy

m`;fhk;fspd; tpisT khj;jpuNk. vdNt mJ jyPyhf tpsq;f KbahJ.

3.0 “,];yhkpa Gtpapaw; nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;Wjy;” - G+kp my;yh`;Tf;F nrhe;jk;@ NkYk;

jhUy; ,];yhk; my;yJ jhUy; F/g;u; vDk; gioik tha;e;j nrhw;nwhlu;fSf;F ve;jj; NjitAkpy;iy.

G+kp my;yh`;Tf;F nrhe;jkhdJ@ NkYk; ,];yhk; mtDila jPdhFk;@ jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;gJ xU
K];ypk; jdJ jPidf; filg;gpbg;gjpy; ve;j g+kpapy; ghJfhg;G ngw;wpUf;fpd;whNdh mJthFk;
- mtd; K];ypk; my;yhj ngUk;ghd;ikapdUf;F kj;jpapy; tho;e;jhYk; rupjhd;@ NkYk;>
jhUy; F/g;u; vd;gJ xU K];ypk; jdJ jPidf; filg;gpbg;gjpy; ve;j G+kpapy; ghJfhg;G ngw
tpy;iyNah mJthFk; - NkYk; mJ ,];yhkpa mfPjhitAk;> fyhrhuj;ijAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtu;fs;
ngUk;ghd;ikahf thof;$ba G+kpahf ,Ue;jhYk; rupjhd;. my; my;thdp gpd;tUkhW
$Wfpwhu;: “rpy etPd mwpQu;fSk;> rpy FOtpdUk;> Nkw;fj;ija ehLfspy; tho;tjw;Fk;
cwthLtjw;Fkhd K];ypk;fspd; Mw;wy; Fwpj;J re;Njfk; njuptpf;fpd;wdu;. ehq;fs;
vy;NyhUk;> jhUy; ,];yhj;ij (,];yhkpa G+kpia) Nehf;fpr; jpUk;gpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;>
ehk; jhUy; F/g;upy; (epuhfupg;gtu;fspd; G+kpapy;) tho epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lhy;> mjid xU
jw;fhypfkhd trpg;ghf nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> ‘F/g;u;’ murhq;fj;jpy; gq;F nfhs;sNth
my;yJ mjDld; NghuhlNth $lhJ vd;Wk; xU thjj;ij ,tu;fs; Kd;itf;fpd;wdu;… jhUy; F/g;u;>
jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;git egpatu;fs; fhyj;jpy; epiy ngw;wpUe;j nfhs;iffs; my;y. mit> ,];yhkpa
Ml;rpfSf;F ntspNa fhzg;gl;l Nghupdhy; rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;fg;gl;l> nfhLq; Nfhy; Ml;rp
cyfj;ij tu;zpg;gjw;Fk;> ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapDs; mikjp> ePjp Neu;ikAld; fhzg;gl;l cyfj;ij
tu;zpg;gjw;Fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l nrhw;nwhlu;fshFk;. ehk; jhUy; ,];yhk;> jhUy; F/g;u;

32
Nghd;w nfhs;iffis tPrp vwpe;Jtpl;L> vy;yh G+kpAk; my;yh`;Tf;F cupaJ vdf; fUj
Ntz;Lk;.”
(www.isna.net ,izaj;jsj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.)

ekJ fhyj;jpy;> jhu;(G+kp) gw;wpa nfhs;if> fhy ,l khw;wq;fSf;F mika khw;wg;glf;$baJ

vdr; rpyu; epidf;fpd;wdu;. ‘jhUy; ,];yhk;> jhUy; F/g;u; Nghd;w t`papy; (Ntj
ntspg;ghl;by;) Fwpg;gplg;glhj /gpf;`p tuyhw;W tiutpyf;fzq;fshy;> K];ypk;
rpWghd;ikapUila topj;Njhd;wy;fs; jq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd mtu;fs;
$Wfpd;wdu;.  

fPo;fz;l my;Fu;Mdpaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpypUe;Jjhd; mtu;fs; ,e;jf; fUj;ij Kd;itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;:

“jpz;zkhf> ,e;j G+kp my;yh`;Tf;FupaJ. jd; mbikfspy; jhd; ehLNthiu mjw;F mtd;
cupikahf;Ffpwhd;. ,d;Dk; mtDf;F mQ;rpatz;zk; tho;gtu;fSf;F ,Wjp ntw;wp ,Uf;fpwJ.||
(7;:128)

,e;j Gupe;Jzu;tpd; mbg;gilapy;> K];ypk;fs; Nkw;fj;ija ehLfisj; jq;fs; jhafkhff; nfhz;L

mq;F thoyhk; vd ,tu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. NkYk; ,tu;fs;> jhq;fs; thof;$ba Nkw;fj;ijag;
G+kpfis epu;khzpg;gjpYk;> tsu;r;rpailar; nra;tjpYk; K];ypk;fs; gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vdTk;
$Wfpd;wdu;. murpay;> r%f tho;tpd; gy;NtW mk;rq;fspy; <LghL nfhs;tij mtu;fs;
mDkjpj;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. NkYk;> m/J ve;j tifapYk; ghtr;Rikiaf; nfhz;L tuhJ vd mtu;fs;
$Wfpd;wdu;. ,e;jf; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij Mjupg;gtu;fs;> ,U tp\aq;fisf; Fog;gpf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

3.1 xU nrhe;j mgpg;gpuhaj;Jf;Fk;> \uPM mgpg;gpuhaj;Jf;Fkpilapy; Vw;gLk;

Fog;gepiy.

Nkw;fpd; murpay; tho;tpy; gq;F nfhs;SkhW miog;G tpLg;gtu;fs;> (jhUy; ,];yhk;> jhUy;
F/g;u; Nghd;w) G+kp rk;ge;jg;gl;l tiutpyf;fzq;fs; nrhe;j mgpg;gpuhaq;fs; khj;jpuNk vd;w
Njhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Ntz;Lnkd;Nw Kaw;rp nra;fpd;wdu;. mit> cykhf;fspd;
tiutpyf;fzNk md;wp Ntj ntspg;ghl;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;litay;y vd mtu;fs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;. ,j;jifa $w;Wf;fs; mghafukhditahFk;@ Vnddpy;> mG+ `dP/gh>
m\;\h/gp> ,g;D my; fh]pk;> my; K]hdp Nghd;w gpurpj;jp ngw;w khngUk; Kd;ida

33
mwpQu;fSk;> mtu;fSld; Nru;e;J Vidatu;fSk;> ve;jtpj Kd;DjhuzKk; ,d;wp ,e;j
tiutpyf;fzj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu; vd mtu;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;. ,[huh(thliff;F vLj;jy;)>
fdPkh(Aj;jj;jpy; ifg;gw;wpa nghUl;fs;)> ,d;d gpw Nghd;w \uPM tiutpyf;fzq;fs;> \uPM
jyPypUe;J ngwg;gl;lit vd;gjhy;> mit \uPM rl;lq;fSld; njhlu;Gilajha; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;w
cz;ikia ,tu;fs; kiwf;fpd;wdu;.

jhUy; ,]yhk; vd;gJ> ,];yhkpar; rl;lq;fs; mKy; nra;ag;gLfpd;w xU G+kpahFk;@ mjd;

ghJfhg;G> ,];yhkpa ,uhZtj;jpd; %ykhfg; Ngzg;gLfpwJ. jhUy; F/g;u; vd;gJ F/g;u;
mikg;Gf;fs; mKy; nra;ag;glf;$ba G+kpiaf; Fwpg;gjhFk; my;yJ ,];yhj;jpd; ghJfhg;gpd;
%ykhf my;yhky; Ntnwhd;wpd; %ykhf mjd; ghJfhg;G Ngzg;gLfpd;w Xu; ,lkhFk;. jhu;
(G+kp) gw;wpa tiutpyf;fzk;> ,iwj; J}ju; (]y;) mtu;fspd; fPo;tUk; `jP]; Nghd;w gy \uPM
%yq;fspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;ljhFk;: “gpd;du;> mtu;fis jq;fspd; G+kpapypUe;J
K`h[pupd;fspd; G+kpf;F efur; nrhy;Yq;fs;. NkYk; mtu;fs; mt;thW nra;jhy;> K`h[pupd;fs;
mDgtpg;git Nghd;w cupikfis mtu;fSk; mDgtpg;ghu;fs; vd;Wk;> mtu;fs; ve;jf; flikfSf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLfpwhu;fNsh me;jf; flikfSf;F ,tu;fSk; cl;gLj;jg;gLthu;fs; vd;Wk; mtu;fSf;F
mwptpj;J tpLq;fs;||; (Giujh(wop) mtu;fspd; Mjhuj;Jld; ]`P`; K];ypkpy;
mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.)

vdNt> ,e;j tiutpyf;fzq;fs; gw;wpa tpthjk; vd;gJ> cz;ikapy; mjidr; Rl;bf;fhl;ba Mjhuq;fs;
gw;wpa tpthjq;fshFk;. Kjhyhtjhf epiy ngw;wpUf;Fk; tiutpyf;fzj;jpw;F Kuzhf GjpanjhU
tiutpyf;fzj;ijf; nfhz;L tUtnjd;gJ> KjyhtJ tiutpyf;fzj;jpw;F Kuzhd rhd;Wfis nfhz;L tUtijr;
rhu;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jhu;--G+kp gw;wpa tiutpyf;fzq;fis kWg;gtu;fs;> ,jidr; nra;tjpy;
Njhy;tpaile;J tpl;ldu;.

,d;Dk; nrhy;tnjd;why;> tiutpyf;fzk; jd;Ds; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w fUj;Jj;jhd; Kf;fpakhdJk;>

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;tjw;F mtrpakhdJkhFk; vd Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. tiutpyf;fzq;fs;
\uPMtpw;F Kuz;glhj tiuf;Fk;> mtw;iwg; gw;wp ve;j ru;r;irAk; ,y;iy vd xg;Gf;
nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt> jhu;--G+kp Fwpj;j tiutpyf;fzj;jpd; fUj;Nj ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;LNkad;wp> me;jr; nrhw;nwhlu;fsy;y.

\uPM %yq;fis Muha;e;J ghu;f;Fk; NghJ> ,];yhj;jpdhy; Msg;gLfpd;w> NkYk; K];ypk;fisf;

nfhz;L ghJfhf;fg;gLfp;d;w G+kpfisAk;> ,];yhj;jpdhy; Msg;glhj> F/g;ghu;fspd;

34
ghJfhg;gpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba G+kpfisAk;> mit NtWgLj;jpg; ghu;g;gij njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;s
KbAk;.

,e;j tiutpyf;fzq;fspd; fUj;Jfis Gwe; js;Sgtu;fs;> Nkw;fj;ija r%fq;fspy; K];ypk;fs; ,uz;lwf;

fye;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W xUikg;ghl;Lf;F miog;G tpLg;gtu;fSf;F top mikj;Jf;
nfhLf;fpd;wdu;@ NkYk;> mtu;fs; F/g;u; Ml;rpaikg;gpYk;> ghuhSkd;wq;fs;> ,d;d gpw
Nghd;wtw;wpYk; K];ypk;fs; gq;F nfhs;tJ Nghd;w gadw;w nray;fs; gytw;iw mDkjpf;ff;
$batu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

3.2 G+kp kw;Wk; jhu; gw;wpa nfhs;iffSf;F ,ilapyhd jLkhw;wk;.

tpz;zpdJk;> kz;zpdJk; gilg;ghsdhd my;yh`; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;fpd;w ve;jnthU K];ypKk;

epyk; my;yh`;Tf;F nrhe;jkhdJ vd;w cz;ikia thjg; gpujpthjq;fs; ,y;yhky;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;whd;. ,e;j mk;rk;> ,];yhk; mKy;gLj;jf;$ba xU G+kp@ ,];yhkpa
mikg;gpdhy; Msg;gl;L mjDila ghJfhg;gpd; fhuzkhf gj;jpukhd xU G+kp gw;wpa
Ma;tpypUe;J NtwhdjhFk;.

,e;j G+kp kw;Wk; jhu; gw;wpa jiyg;Gf;fisf; Fog;gpabf;fpd;w kdpju;fspd;

GydwptpypUe;J ehk; Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;W> mtu;fspd; ju;f;f thjj;ij gpd;njhlu;e;jhy;>
A+ju;fis ghy];jPdpy; jq;fpapUg;gjw;F ehk; mDkjpf;f Ntz;batu;fsha; tpLNthk;. Vnddpy;>
G+kp my;yh`;Tf;F nrhe;jkhdjhFk;. mt;thnwd;why;> A+ju;fs; mq;F tho;tjw;Fk;>
Ml;rpapy; gq;F nfhs;tjw;Fk;> xU jug;gpduhf mq;F njhlu;e;J ,Ug;gjw;Fk; cupik
ngw;wtu;fshfp tpLtu;. ,/J> ,];yhkpa miog;G (j/th)> kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa tpahgfk; gw;wpa
nfhs;iffisg; gadw;wjhf;fp tpLk;.

vy;yhg; G+kpAk; my;yh`;Tf;F nrhe;jkhdJjhd;@ MapDk;> ,e;jg; G+kp my;yh`;tpd; rl;lk;

epiy epWj;jg;gLfpd;w G+kp vd;Wk;> jh$j;Jila rl;lq;fs; eilKiwapypUf;fpd;w G+kp
vd;Wk; gpupj;J Nehf;fg;gLfpwJ. my;yh`; jdJ Ml;rp; jdJ G+kpapy; epiy epWj;jg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> F/g;upypUe;Jk;> \pu;f;fpypUe;Jk; G+kp J}a;ikg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk; fl;lisapl;L ,Uf;fpd;whd;.

35
my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;: “mtu;fs; vj;jifatu;fs; vd;why;> mtu;fSf;F G+kpapy; Ml;rp
mjpfhuj;ij toq;fpdhy;> njhOifia epiy epWj;Jthu;fs;> [fhj; toq;Fthu;fs@ NkYk; ed;ik
GupAkhW VTthu;fs;> jPikapypUe;J jLg;ghu;fs;.|| (22:41)

Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj> my;yh`;tpd; G+kpapd; kPJ F/g;u; Ml;rp nrYj;Jtjw;F

mDkjpaspf;fg;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy; ru;t mjpfhuKk;> Mjpf;fKk; my;yh`;Tf;Nf cupj;jhdjhFk;.
NkYk;> mtDila thu;j;ij my;yhj NtW ve;j xU thu;j;ijf;Fk;> mtDila G+kpapy; rl;luPjpahd
epiyg;ghL mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy;jhd; mtDila thu;j;ijia mtDila G+kpapd; kPJ
vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf cau;j;Jtjw;Fk;> mtDila mjpfhuk;> Mjpf;fk;> tuk;Gfs; Mfpatw;iw
mj;JkPwpr; nrd;w F/g;/ghu;fsplkpUe;J Ml;rpia kPl;nlLg;gjw;Fkhf> [p`hj; nra;tjw;F
my;yh`; rl;lkpaw;wp je;jpUf;fpd;whd;. NkYk;> mtd; me;jg; ghijapy;
nfhy;yg;gLfpd;wtu;fis \_`jh(capu;j;jpahfp;);fshf;fpapUf;fpd;whd;@ my;yh`;tpd;
ghu;itapy; mtu;fSf;F kpf cau;e;j me;j];J ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> ehk; Rke;jpUf;fpd;w mryhd
tpjpKiw vd;dntd;why;> KO cyfpd; kPJk; ,];yhkpa Ml;rp Nkyhjpf;fk; ngw Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJjhd;. F/g;Uila Ml;rpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJk;> mjw;F mbgzptJk; ekJ tpjpKiwahf ,Uf;ff;
$lhJ.

4. FbAupik gw;wpa fUj;jpaYk;> Njrpaj;ijr; rhu;e;j epWtdq;fspy; ,iztJk;.

,e;j Kiwikf;fhf thjhLgtu;fs;> FbAupik gw;wpa nfhs;ifAk;> xU gpui[apd; flikAk;> ru;tNjr

rl;lKk;> ,uh[je;jpu cwTfSk; ,d;W fhzg;gLgit Nghd;W ,jw;F Kd;du; tbtk;
ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy vdf; NfhUfpd;wdu;. Kd;ida fhyq;fspy;> ,uhZtr; rf;jpapd; nkhopjhd; kpf
cau;e;jjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ,uhZtk; NkYk; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;tJ fbdk; vdf; fz;lhy;jhd;> xU ehl;bd;
vy;iyfs; epWtg;gl;ld. G+Nfhskakhjy; fhzg;gl tpy;iy. Ke;ija fhy kf;fs;> jPTfs; nfhz;l xU
Nfhsj;jpy; tho;e;jdu;.

vdNt ehk; Kd;ida fhyq;fspd; Neu;nghUspyhd rl;lj;jPu;g;Gf;fs; Fwpj;J xUtNuhL xUtu;

rz;ilapl;Lf; nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd mtu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; rupahfg; ghu;j;jhy;> ehk; etPd
cyfj;jpw;F mtw;iw vt;thW mKy; nra;tJ vd;gijg; gw;wp ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F> Ke;ija
rl;lj;jPu;g;Gf;fspd; KiwikiaAk;> tpNtfj;ijAk; Muha Ntz;Lk;.

NkYk; mtu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;: “,d;W ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;fpd;w tpjj;jpy;> FbAupik gw;wpa
fUj;jpay;> ekJ gz;ila fhy rl;lepGzu;(/Gf`h)f;fs; tho;e;j cyfpy; epiy ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy.

36
rupahfr; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> vJ epiy ngw;wpUe;jnjd;why;> xU khu;f;ff; Nfhl;ghl;bd;
msTNfhypd; kPJ rhu;e;jpUe;j> xU Fwpg;gpl;l ehfuPfj;Jf;Fupa fyhrhu ,izg;G my;yJ xU
Fwpg;gpl;l rhk;uh[;[paj;jpw;Fupa murpay; ,izg;G vd;w tifahd xd;Wjhd;. ,j;jifa ,izg;G
tifahdJ> NtWgl;l ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fSld; kpf vr;rupf;ifAlDk;> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik gw;wpa
juhjuq;fspy; khWgl;Lk; ele;J nfhs;sr; nra;jJ. ,jid> ];ghdpau;fspd; mlhtbj;jdkhd jz;lidf;fhd
(flTs; tpNuhjf; Fw;wr;rhl;L) tprhuiz njhlf;fk; jpk;kpfspd; ,];yhkpa Ml;rptiu ehk; fz;L
nfhs;syhk;.”

“FbGFe;j ,d;ndhU ehl;by; mtd; gpwe;jpUg;gJ> ePz;l ehs; jq;fpapUg;gJ my;yJ jpUkzk;
nra;jpUg;gJ Nghd;w cWjpahd msTNfhy;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> jdJ G+u;tPf ehl;Lf;F
ntspNa trpf;Fk; xUtDf;F Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; me;ehl;bd; FbAupik toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ,d;Dk;
rupahfr; nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> me;ehl;by; jq;fpapUg;gjw;fhf te;j xUtd;> me;ehl;L kf;fspd;
ek;gpf;if> fyhrhuk; vd;gdtw;wpy; KOikahf <LghL nfhz;l NghJ> jd;dpr;irahfNt xU
Fbkfdhf khwptplf;$bajhapUe;jJ. ,y;yhjgl;rj;jpy;> mtd; me;j ehl;by; vj;Jiz ePz;l fhyk;
trpj;jhYk; rupjhd;> mtd; me;j ehl;L kf;fspd; ek;gpf;iffs;> fyhrhuj;jpypUe;J
NtWgl;bUg;ghdhfpy; Xu; me;epadhfNt fUjg;gLthd;.||

“ru;tNjr rl;lk; my;yJ ,uh[je;jpu cwTfs; vd ,d;W miof;fg;gLgitg; gw;wp gioa cyfk;
mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,e;jr; ru;tNjr rl;lq;fSk;> ,uh[je;jpu cwTfSk; mjd; G+kpapy; trpf;ff;$ba
gpw ehLfspd; Fbkf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> jq;fs; ehl;L Fbkf;fisg; Nghd;Nw (jd; nrhe;j
ehl;L gpui[fSf;F toq;fg;glf;$ba rpw;rpy cupikfisj; jtpu) mtu;fisAk; rkkhf elj;Jtjw;Fk;
xt;nthU ehl;ilAk; flikg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.|| (fyhepjp jh`h [hgph; my; my;thdp- Kfj;jpkh /gP
/gpf;`; my; mfy;ypahj;)

vdNt> xU Fbkfdhf ,Uf;Fk; Nghu;itapd; fPo;> rpy jdpg;gl;l kdpju;fs; jhk; If;fpa ,uh[;
[paj;jpd; gpui[fs; vd;Wk;> gpupl;b\; uhzp rfy mjpfhuk; cs;s jkJ Ml;rpj;jiytu; vd;Wk;>
jq;fs; jiytu; nlhdp gpNsau; vd;Wk;> gpupl;b\; JUg;Gfs; ‘jq;fs; igad;fs;’ vd;Wk; cupik
ghuhl;Ltij ehk; Nfl;ff;$bajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gpupl;b\; ,uhZtj;Jld; ,ize;J K];ypk;fs; Nghupl
KbAk; vd;gd Nghd;w $w;Wf;fisAk; ehk; nrtpkLf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf
Fwpg;gpLtnjd;why;> mnkupf;f MAjg;gilfspd; xU rpNu\;l K];ypk; kjFUthf ,Uf;Fk;
K`k;kj; mg;Jy; u\Pj;> ,e;j Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwikiag; gpd;gw;wf;$ba rpy mwpQu;fsplk;>
mnkupf;f ,uhZtj;Jf;Fs;spypUe;J Mg;fhdp];jhdpy; vjpu;j;J Nghuplf;$ba K];ypk;fspd;
gpur;rpidiag; gw;wp Nfl;l NghJ> mtUf;F fPo;f;fz;l gjpy; jug;gl;lJ:

37
“Mf nkhj;jj;jpy;> K];ypk; mnkupf;f ,uhZt tPuu;fs;> jq;fSf;F vjpuhf gaq;futhjk; fl;ltpo;;j;J
tplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vdj; jq;fs; ehL jPu;khdpf;fpwtu;fSf;F vjpuhf> tug;NghFk; Aj;jq;fspy;
<LgLtJ (my;yh`; ehbdhy;) Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhFk;. Kd;du; tpsf;fg;gl;lJ Nghy;>
nghUj;jkhd vz;zj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;gij ,q;F epidtpy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf>
jq;fs; ehl;bd; kPjhd mtu;fspd; tpRthrj;ijg; gw;wp ve;jnthU re;NjfKk; Rkj;jg;gl khl;lhJ
my;yJ vjpu;ghu;f;ff; $ba tpjj;jpy; jPq;nfJTk; ,iof;fg;gLtij tpl;Lk; mtu;fs; jtpu;f;fg;gLtu;.”

{khngUk; ,];yhkpa mwpQUk; fju;; ehl;L Rd;dh kw;Wk; rPuh fTd;rpypd; jiytUkhd N\a;f; A+R/g;
my; fu;shtp;> vfpg;J mur fTd;rpy; Kjd;ik gjpy; jiytuhd ePjpgjp jhupf; my; gp];up> vfpg;jpd;
xg;gPl;L rl;lk;> \uPMj; Jiw tpupTiuahsuhd fyhepjp K`k;kj; v];. my; mth> rpupah ehl;L ,];yhkpa
mwpQuhd fyhepjp i`j;jk; my; ifahj;> vfpg;ijr; rhu;e;j ,];yhkpa E}yhrpupaUk; gj;jpupifahsUkhd
/g`;kp `{itjp> tl mnkupf;f /gpf;`; fTd;rpy; jiytuhd N\a;f; jh`h [hgpu; my; my;thdp MfpNahu;
ifnahg;gkpl;l /gj;th-- ntspaplg;gl;l jpfjp: u[g; 10> 1422 / nrg;lk;gu; 27> 2001}

gpd;du;> nja;tPf %yj;Jld; fhzg;gl;l Kw;W KOjhd Kuz;ghl;ilf; fz;Zw;W> ,e;j gj;thit
toq;fpatu;fspy; rpyu; mjpypUe;J gpd;thq;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. ,e;j Kiwikapdhy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w rPu;nfl;l rpe;jidg; gbj;juj;ij ,q;F ehk; mOj;jkhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;l
tpUk;GfpNwhk;. ,J> gy;NtW mwpTf; fz;Nzhl;lq;fspypUe;J Nehf;fg;gLk; NghJ
jtwhdjhfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ:

FbAupik vd;gJ> ehk; ‘jhgp,a;ah’ vd miof;Fk; xd;wpd; fUj;Jf;F ,zf;fkhd xU

nrhw;nwhluhFk;. ,];yhkpa ehl;bd; jhgp,a;ahitr; Rkf;fpd;w xUtu;> jhUy; ,];yhj;jpy;
tho;tijj; Nju;e;njLf;fpd;w NghJ> mtu;fspd; tptfhuq;fs; ghy;> epwk;> kjk; vd;w tpj;jpahrk;
,y;yhky; Ngzg;gLtjw;fhd cupikia nfhz;bUg;ghu;. ,];yhk;> K];ypk;fisAk;
K];ypky;yhjtu;fisAk; nghWj;jtiuapy;> mtu;fspd; tptfhuq;fisf; ftdpg;gJ> rl;lq;fis
mKy;gLj;JtJ> cupikfisAk; flikfisAk; NgZtJ Nghd;w tp;\aq; fspy;> rl;l mikg;gpd;
ghu;itapy; rkkhdtu;fshf itj;jpUf;fpwJ. ve;j tp\aq;fspy; khu;f;fk; Fwpg;gpl;Lr;
nrhy;fpwNjh> mtw;wpy; kl;LNk xU NtWghL fhzg;gLfpwJ. kjPdh rl;lrhrdj;jpy;
fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:
“NkYk; ek;gpf;ifahsu;fs; NghupLfpd;w fhyj;jpy;> A+ju;fs; ek;gpf;ifahsu; fSld; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; A+ju;fspy; ahu; vk;ikg; gpd;gw;Wfpwhu;fNsh mtu;fs; cjtpiaAk;
(mtu;fSld; ele;J nfhs;Sk; tpjj;jpy;) ey;Yjhuzj;ijAk; ngWk; cupik nfhz;ltu;fshtu;. NkYk;>

38
gD mt;/igr; Nru;e;j A+ju;fs;> ek;gpf;ifahsu;fisr; rhu;e;j xU r%fkhFk;. A+ju;fs; mtu;fSila
nrhe;j jPDk;> K];ypk;fs; mtu;fSila nrhe;j jPDk; cilatu;fs;.|| (,g;D `p\hk;)

vdNt FbAupik gw;wpa fUj;jpayhdJ> ,g;NghJ ,Uf;ff; $ba tpjj;jpy; Kd;du; epiyngw;W
,Uf;fhj xU Gjpa nfhs;if vd ahuhYk; nrhy;y KbahJ.

cz;ikapy;> gpwg;G> jpUkzk; vd;gdtw;iw FbAupik toq;Ftjw;fhd newpKiwahf Nkw;F

fUJtJ> FbAupikapd; cz;ik epiyia ve;j tifapYk; khw;wp tpl KbahJ. Vnddpy; xU ehl;by;
my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l (jhu;) G+kpapy; trpg;gjd; tpisthfNt ,e;j FbAupik Vw;gLfpwJ.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l topfspYk;> NtW topfspYk; me;jf; FbAupik mile;J nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
MapDk;> trpj;jy; FbAupikapd; mbg;gil mk;rkhFk;. vdNtjhd;> ,j;jifa Xu; msTNfhYf;F
ve;j Kf;fpaj;JtKk; ,y;iy@ my;yJ FbAupik vDk; cz;ik epiyapd; kPJ ,/J ve;jg; ghjpg;igAk;
Vw;gLj;jTkpy;iy. mJ kl;Lky;yhky;> FbAupikapd; gydha; mikfpd;w m`;fhk;(rl;lq;)fspYk;
,e;j newpKiwfs; ve;jg; ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jTkpy;iy.

“ru;tNjrr; rl;lk; my;yJ ,uh[je;jpu cwTfs; vd ,d;W miof;fg;gLgitg; gw;wp gioa cyfk;
mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,e;j ru;tNjrr; rl;lq;fSk;> ,uh[ je;jpu cwTfSk;> mjd; G+kpfspy; trpf;ff;
$ba gpw ehLfspd; Fbkf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> jq;fs; ehl;L Fbkf;fs; Nghd;Nw mtu;fisAk;
elj;Jtjw;Fk; xt;nthU ehl;ilAk; flikg;gLj;Jfpd;wd|| vd mtu;fs; $WtJ cz;ik
epiyfSf;Fk;> ,];yhkpa tuyhw;Wf;Fk; Kuz;gl;l xU $w;whFk;.

,/J Vnddpy;> “cld;gbf;ifia Vw;W elg;gJld;> (ey;y) Rw;WGwj;ij Kiwg;gb filg;gpbg;gJ||

(fyhepjp jh`h [hgpu; my; my;thdp) vd;w tpjpKiw mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w ‘gioa cyfpy;|
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jpaJ. ,e;j tpjpKiw [h`pypahf; fhy mNugpau;fSf;Fk;> mgp]Pdpau;fs;
Nghd;w kw;wtu;fSf;Fk; njupe;jpUe;jNjhL kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mtu;fspdhy; cgNahfg;gLj;jTk;
gl;lJ. ,jw;fhd kpfr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;L> mgp]Pdpa kd;du; e[;[h]p> K`h[puPd;
K];ypk;fSld; ele;J nfhz;l eilKiw cjhuzkhFk;.

,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapYk;> m/J ‘my; m`j; ty; [pthu;’ gw;wpa tpjpKiwiar; rl;lkhfj;
je;jpUf;fpwJ. m/J ,e;j tpjpKiwia mjdJ jd;ikf;F cfe;j tpjj;jpy; tpsf;fpapUg;gJld;> FbAupik>
jhgp,a;ah Mfpatw;Wf;fhd rl;lq;fisAk; tFj;Jj; je;jpUf;fpd;wJ@ mjd; tpguq;fisAk;>
tpjp;fisAk; mikj;Jj; je;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd Mjhuk;> Fu;MdpYk;> Rd;dh`; %yq;fspd;

39
gy ,lq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;w $w;WfSk;> tuyhW neLfpYk; ,];yhkpar; r%fk; mjid
eilKiwg;gLj;jpajhy; tpise;j nray;Kiw cjhuzq;fSkhFk;.

my;yh`;tpd; J}ju; (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf mG+jhT+jpYk;> my; ig`f;fpapYk;

mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ: “vtndhUtd; (ekJ) cld;gbf;ifapd; fPo; ,Uf;Fk; xU kdpjidf;
nfhLikg;gLj;JfpwhNdh my;yJ mtidr; rpWikg;gLj;Jfpd;whNdh> mtdJ Mw;wYf;F
mg;ghw;gl;l Ntiyfis mtd; kPJ Rkj;JfpwhNdh my;yJ vj;jifa cupikAkpy;yhky; mtdplkpUe;J
Vjhtnjhd;iw vLj;J nfhs;fpd;whNdh> mj;jifatDf;F vjpuhf epahaj; jPu;g;G ehspy;
Kiwg;ghL nra;gtdhf ehd; ,Ug;Ngd;.||

NkYk;> kjPdhtpd; murpayikg;G rl;lj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ:

“..NkYk;> K];ypk;fs; NghupLfpd;w fhyq;fspy;> A+ju;fs; ek;gpf;ifahsu;fSld; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; gD} mt;/g;igr; Nru;e;j A+ju;fs; ek;gpf;if ahsu;fisr; Nru;e;j xU r%fkhFk;.||
(,g;D `p\hk;)

,g;D [d;[hit`;> fpjhg; my; mk;thypy; mwptpf;fpd;whu;: “xU Kjpatu; jpk;kp kf;fsplk;
ahrpg;gij cku; (uop); fz;lhu;fs;;. vdNt> ‘vd;d tp\ak;?’ vdf; Nfl;lhu;fs;;. me;j kdpju;
nrhd;dhu;: ‘vd;dplk; gzk; ,y;iy. [p];ah vd;dplkpUe;J vLf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.’ cku; (uop)
nrhd;dhu;fs;: ‘ehq;fs; ck;ik epahakhf elj;jtpy;iy. ck;Kila Kjpa (i\gh) taij ehq;fs; jpd;W
tpl;Nlhk;. mjw;F gpd;dh; ck;kplkpUe;J [p];ahTk; vLf;fpNwhk;.’ mjd;gpd;> cku; (uop) jkJ
MSeu;fSf;F> ‘Kjpatu;fsplkpUe;J [p];ah ngw Ntz;lhk;’ vdf; fbjk; vOjpdhu;fs;;.

FbAupik gw;wpa fz;Nzhl;lk;> murpay; tho;tpNyh my;yJ Ntnwjw;fhfNth gq;F nfhs;tij

epahag;gLj;Jtjhf mikahJ. ,/J Vnddpy;> cz;ik epiyapy; FbAupik vd;gJ> xUtu; kw;wtUld;
trpf;Fk; Xu; ,lj;ij gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjdhy; Vw;gLk; xU jd;ik MFk;. ,ay;ghfNt> K];ypk; me;j
,lj;jpd; rl;lq;fSf;Fk;> tpjpfSf;Fk; fPo;gba Ntz;Lk; vd;w xU Njit ,Ue;j NghJk;> mJ \uPM
kPJ jPu;g;G toq;Ftjw;Nfh my;yJ mjd; KOik tbtpyhd (Kj;jyf;) %yj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Nfh>
mjd; nghJthd(Mk;) %yj;ij tiuaWj;Jf; Fwpg;gpLtjw;Nfh my;yJ mjd; njspthff; Fwpg;gplg;
glhj (K[;ky;) %yj;ijj; njspthf;Ftjw;Nfh KbahJ. FbAupikapd; fhuzkhf cjhuzj;jpw;F
F/g;upy; gq;F nfhs;tJ mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhy;> mNj cupikapd; mbg;gilapy; K];ypKld;
NghuhLtJk; mDkjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J kpfg; gpioahdjhFk;.

40
FbAupikia xU epahag;ghlhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ> FbAupikia xU rl;lthf;f %yf;fhuzkhf
vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjha; mikAk;. ,J `uhik mDkjpg;gjw;Fk;> `yhiyj; jLg;gjw;Fk; top nra;Ak;.
,/J ,];yhj;Jld; Kw;wpYk; Kuz;gl;l xd;whFk;.

KbTiu

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; gw;wpa ,e;jr; RUf;fkhd vOj;jhlypUe;J njspthf xd;iw tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;s KbfpwJ. m/J vd;dntd;why;> rPu;nfl;l rpe;jidg; gbKiwapd; Xu; mwpFwpjhd;> mjd;
jPu;Tf;fhf ty;yhjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; Nkw;if Nehf;fpj; jpUk;GtjhFk;. ,e;jr; rpe;jidg;
gbKiwahdJ> Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; Nkhfj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. vdNt> me;jj; juf;

41
Fiwthd--mope;J Nghff; $ba nfhs;ifthjk; mikj;Jj; je;jpUf;fpd;w vy;iyfSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W
rpe;jpf;fNt KbahJ.

,jw;fhf thjhLgtu;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> Nkw;fpd; murpay; tho;tpy; gq;F nfhs;tjd; Nehf;fk;

vd;dntdpy;> K];ypk;fSf;Fk; mtu;fSila gpur;rpid fSf;Fk; Mjutspg;gJ@ ,];yhkpa j/thTf;fhd
rpwe;j re;ju;g;gj;jpid toq;FtJ@ vj;jifa f\;lk; my;yJ ,ilA+W ,d;wp jpUkzk;> `yhy; czT>
ngz;fSf;fhd cilnahOq;F> ,d;dgpw Nghd;w \upMr; rl;lq;fisg; gpd;gw;wp xOFtjw;F
K];ypk;fis ,aYkhf;FtJ --Nghd;w rpy ed;ikfis mile;J nfhs;tjhFk;.

vt;thW ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLtjw;F khw;wkhf> ,];yhk; mDkjpj;jpUf;Fk;

\uPMtpd; ghijiag; gpd;gw;wpr; nry;tjd; %yk;> `uhik nra;tjw;fhd Njit Vw;glhj tpjj;jpYk;;
my;yJ me;j `uhj;ijr; rl;lg; G+u;tkhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf> o&uhj;--
mtrpaj;jpd; epkpj;jkhd rl;lq;fs;> k]hyp`;--ed;ikf;fhd rl;lq;fs;> k/gh]pj;--jPikia vjpu;f;fpd;w
rl;lq;fs; vd;w gprfpa topia cgNahfpf;fhkYk;> ,e;j Nehf;fq;fis mile;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

my;yh`; jdJ K`u;ukhj;--jLf;fg;gl;l tuk;GfSf;Fs; tPo;e;J tplhky; ek;ikj; jLj;J epWj;Jtjw;F

vit NghJkhditNah> mtw;iw ekf;F toq;fp ,Uf;fpd;whd;. NkYk; mtd; ekJ Nfhupf;iffis
mile;J nfhs;s vit NghJkhditNah> mj;jifa khw;W topfisAk;> eilKiwg; ghq;FfisAk;
mDkjpj;jpUf;fpwhd;.

gpd; ml;ilf;Fwpg;G

rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`; -- ,];yhj;ijr; rPuopg;gjw;fhd Gjpa /gpf;`;

,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; K];ypk; cyfk; vjpu;nfhz;l gpur;rpidfs;> K];ypk;fs; gyiu rpwe;j

tho;nthd;iwj; Njb Nkw;FyFf;F nry;y itj;jJ. ,tu;fs; Nkw;if te;jile;j NghJ> gy ed;ikfis mile;J
nfhz;ldu;. MapDk; ,tu;fs; NkYk; gy Gjpa gpur;rpidfisr; re;jpg;gjw;F Mshf;fg;gl;ldu;.

42
,d;W Nkw;fpy;> K];ypk;fs; mjd; ePNuhl;lj;jpy; ,uz;lwf; fye;J tpLtjw;fhf njhlu;e;J miog;G
tpLf;fg;gl;ltu;fsha; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. NkYk;> ,];yhj;jpd; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; Fzhk;rq;fisAk; vLj;Jf;
fhz;gpf;Fk; ntspg;gilahd tbtq;fs; midj;ijAk; iftpl;L tpLtjw;F> mgupkpjkhd mOj;jj;jpw;F
Ml;gl;ltu;fsha; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. murhq;fq;fspYk; Clfq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; K];ypk;fis mth;fs;
thOk; r%fq;fspy; vt;thW ,uz;lwf; fye;J tplr;nra;tJ vd;gJ gw;wp mbf;fb tpthjq;fs;
elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gyjug;gl;l ru;r;irf;Fhpa epfo;TfSf;fhd K];ypk;fspd; vjpu; tpisTfisAk;> r
%fj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; ghugl;rg;gLj;jg;gLtijAk; $l ,uz;lwf; fyg;gjw;fhd xU epahag;ghlhfr;
rpj;jupj;Jf;; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.

Nkw;fj;jpa r%fj;jpy; thOk; K];ypk;fis ,uz;lwf; fye;Jtplr; nra;Ak; ,e;j eltbf;ifia

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf> gy K];ypk; FOf;fSk;> gpuKfu;fSk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdu;.
,t;thW ,uz;lwf; fyf;f tif nra;tjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; epfo;r;rp epuypy; fhzg;gLgitfSf;F
kj;jpapy;> “rpWghd;ikapdUf;fhd /gpf;`;|| ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ,t;thW Xu; ,];yhkpa /gpf;i`j;
Njbf; fz;Lgpbg;gJ vd;gJ ,];yhj;ijr; rPuopg;gjw;Fk;> K];ypk; fis Nkw;fj;jpa r%fq;fSld;
xd;wpizf;fr; nra;tij ,yFthf;Ftjw;Fkhd xU Kaw;rpahFk;. ,e;E}y;> Nkw;fpy;
rpWghd;ikapduhf thof; $batu;fSf;F xU Gjpa ,];yhkpa /gpf;`; mtrpakhdJjhdh vd;gij
Muha;fpwJ@ mj;Jld; ,e;jj; jj;Jtj;ij Kd;itj;J thjhLgtu;fspdhy; vLj;J itf;fg;gLk; thjq;fis kpff;
ftdkhfg; guprPypf;fpwJ.

43