Resolving Host Names by

Using Domain Name System

(DNS)
Overview

The Role of DNS in the Network Infrastructure

Installing the DNS Server Service
Configuring the Properties for the DNS Server Service
Configuring DNS Zones
Configuring DNS Zone Transfers
Configuring DNS Dynamic Updates
Configuring a DNS Client
Delegating Authority for Zones
The Role of DNS in the Network Infrastructure

The objective of this presentation is to provide

a high-level overview of DNS in the network
infrastructure
At the end of this presentation, you will be
able to:
 Explain the role and benefits of DNS in
the network infrastructure
 Define the key components of DNS
 Discuss the DNS domain namespace
 Discuss DNS zones and zone transfer
 Discuss DNS name servers
 Explain how the hosts name resolution
process works
 Explain forward lookup queries
Lesson: Installing the DNS Server Service

Overview of Domain Name System

What Is a Domain Namespace?
Standards for DNS Naming
How to Install the DNS Server Service
Overview of Domain Name System

Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical, distributed database that

contains mappings of DNS domain names to various types of data, such
as IP addresses
DNS is the foundation of the Internet naming scheme and the
foundation of an organization’s naming scheme
DNS supports accessing resources by using alphanumeric names
InterNIC is responsible for delegating administrative responsibility for
portions of the domain namespace and for registering domain names
DNS was designed to solve issues that arose when there was an
increase in the:
 Number of hosts on the Internet
 Traffic generated by the update process
 Size of the Hosts file
What Is a Domain Namespace?

Root Domain

Top-Level Domain net com org

Second-Level Domain nwtraders

Subdomains west south east

FQDN: sales Host: server1

server1.sales.south.nwtraders.com
Standards for DNS Naming

The following characters are valid for DNS names:

A-Z
a-z
0-9
Hyphen (-)

The underscore (_) is a reserved character

How to Install the DNS Server Service

Your instructor will demonstrate how to install the DNS

Server service
Practice: Installing the DNS Server Service

In this practice, you will install the DNS Server

service
Lesson: Configuring the Properties for the DNS Server
Service

What Are the Components of a DNS Solution?

What Is a DNS Query?
How Recursive Queries Work
How a Root Hint Works
How Iterative Queries Work
How Forwarders Work
How DNS Server Caching Works
How to Configure the Properties for the DNS Server Service
What Are the Components of a DNS Solution?

Root “.”
Resource
Record
.com

.edu
Resource
Record

DNS Clients DNS Servers DNS Servers on the Internet

 What Is a DNS Query?

A query is a request for name resolution to a DNS server. There are two
types of queries: recursive and iterative

DNS clients and DNS servers both initiate queries for name
resolution
An authoritative DNS server for the namespace of the query will:
 Check the cache, check the zone, and return the requested IP
address
A non-authoritative DNS server for the namespace of the query
will either:
 Forward the unresolvable query to a specific query server
called a Forwarder
 Use root hints to locate an answer for the query
How Recursive Queries Work

A recursive query is a query made to a DNS server, in which the DNS client
asks the DNS server to provide a complete answer to the query

DNS server checks the forward lookup zone

and cache for an answer to the query

Recursive query for

mail1.nwtraders.com

172.16.64.11 Database

Computer1 Local DNS Server

How Root Hint Works

Root hints are DNS resource records stored on a DNS server that list the
IP addresses for the DNS root servers

Cluster of Cluster of
DNS Servers Root (.) Servers

Root Hints

com
DNS Server

Computer1 microsoft
 How Iterative Queries Work

An iterative query is a query made to a DNS server in which the DNS client
requests the best answer that the DNS server can provide without seeking further
help from other DNS servers. The result of an iterative query is often a referral to
another DNS server lower in the DNS tree
Iterative Query
Local Root Hint (.)
Ask .com 1
DNS Server
Iterative
Query
Ask nw
ders or
.com

traders .com
wtra query f

.com
2
Itera
1
mai ursive

64.1

tive
Auth Que
ry
l1.n

orita
.16.

tive R
Rec

espo
172

nse
3
Computer1 nwtraders.com
How Forwarders Work

A forwarder is a DNS server designated by other internal DNS servers to forward

queries for resolving external or offsite DNS domain names

Iterative Query
Forwarder Root Hint (.)
Ask .com
Iterative
Query
ry

Ask nw
ue

traders .com
eQ

.11

.com
siv

.64
cur

Itera
.16

tive
Re

Que
172

Auth ry
orita
172.1 tive R
6. 64.11 espo
nse
Recu
r
mail1 sive query
.nwtr nwtraders.com
Local aders for
.com Computer1
DNS Server
How DNS Server Caching Works

Caching Table
Host Name IP Address TTL
clientA.contoso.msft. 192.168.8.44 28 seconds

Where’s
ClientA Client
is at
192.168.8.44
A?

ClientA
Client1
ClientA Client
Where’s is at
Client2 192.168.8.44
A?

Caching is the process of temporarily storing recently accessed information in a

special memory subsystem for quicker access
How to Configure Properties for the DNS Server Service

Your instructor will demonstrate how to:

Update root hints on a DNS server

Configure a DNS server to use a forwarder
Clear the DNS server cache by using the DNSCmd
command
Practice: Configuring Properties for the DNS Server Service

In this practice, you will configure the properties

for the DNS Server service
Lesson: Configuring DNS Zones

How DNS Data Is Stored and Maintained

What Are Resource Records and Record Types?
What Is a DNS Zone?
What Are DNS Zone Types?
How to Change a DNS Zone Type
What Are Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones?
How to Configure Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones
 How DNS Data Is Stored and Maintained

Namespace: training.nwtraders.msft
DNS Server Resource records for the zone
training.nwtraders.msft
Host name IP address
DNS ClientA 192.168.2.45
Zone File: DNS ClientB 192.168.2.46
Training.nwtraders.msft.dns DNS ClientC 192.168.2.47

DNS ClientC
DNS ClientA DNS ClientB
A resource record (RR) is a standard DNS database structure containing information used
to process DNS queries
A zone is a portion of the DNS database that contains the resource records with the owner
names that belong to the contiguous portion of the DNS namespace
What Are Resource Records and Record Types?

Record type Description

A Resolves a host name to an IP address
PTR Resolves an IP address to a host name
SOA The first record in any zone file
SRV Resolves names of servers providing services
NS Identifies the DNS server for each zone
MX The mail server
CNAME Resolves from a host name to a host name
What Is a DNS Zone?

Nwtraders

South West North

Sales Support Training

What Are DNS Zone Types?

Zones Description

Read/Write
Read/write copy of a DNS database
Primary

Read-Only
Read-only copy of a DNS database
Secondary
Copy of
limited
records
Copy of a zone containing limited records
Stub
How to Change a DNS Zone Type

Your instructor will demonstrate how to change a DNS

zone type
What Are Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones?

Namespace: training.nwtraders.msft.
DNS Client1 192.168.2.45
DNS Server Authorized Forward DNS Client2 192.168.2.46
for training Training
zone
DNS Client3 192.168.2.47

192.168.2.45 DNS Client1

Reverse 1.168.192.in- 192.168.2.46 DNS Client2
zone addr.arpa
192.168.2.47 DNS Client3
DNS Client2 = ?

192.168.2.46 = ?

DNS Client3

DNS Client1
DNS Client2
How to Configure Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones

Your instructor will demonstrate how to:

Configure a forward lookup zone on a primary zone type

Configure a forward lookup zone on a secondary zone type
Configure a reverse lookup zone on a primary zone type
Configure a reverse lookup zone on a secondary zone type
Practice: Configuring a DNS Zone

In this practice, you will the configure DNS

zones