Drug Study

DRUG
STUDY
DRUG STUDY
Generic Name: Paracetamol

Brand Name: Tempra, Biogesic, Bioflu
Classification: Anti-pyretic, Non-opioid analgesic
Indications:
To relieve mild to moderate pain due to things such as headache,
muscle and joint pain, backache and period pains. It is also used to
bring down a high temperature. For this reason, paracetamol can be
given to children after vaccinations to prevent post-immunisation
pyrexia (high temperature). Paracetamol is often included in cough,
cold and flu remedies.
Action:
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a pain reliever and a fever
reducer. The exact mechanism of action of is not known.
Contraindications & Cautions:
-Do not use more of this medication than is recommended. An
overdose of paracetamol can cause serious harm. The maximum
amount of paracetamol for adults is 1 gram (1000 mg) per dose and
4 grams (4000 mg) per day.
-Before using paracetamol , tell your doctor if you have liver disease
or a history of alcoholism.
-Do not use this medication if you are allergic to acetaminophen or
paracetamol.
Adverse Reactions:
• Hematologic: thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia,
neutropenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia
• Hepatic: jaundice, hepatotoxicity
• Metabolic: hypoglycemic coma
• Skin: rash, urticaria
• Other: hypersensitivity reactions (such as fever)
Patient teaching:
• Do not take other medications (e.g., cold preparations)
containing acetaminophen without medical advice; overdosing
and chronic use can cause liver damage and other toxic effects.
• Do not self-medicate children for pain more than 5 d without
consulting a physician.
• Do not use for fever persisting longer than 3 d, fever over 39.5° C
(103° F), or recurrent fever.
• Do not give children more than 5 doses in 24 h unless prescribed
by physician.
Interventions:
• Establish rapport with the patient
• Monitor initial vital signs specially temperature.
• Tepid sponge bath for fever
• Provide safe and clean environment
• provide health teachings such as: increase oral intake
• Refer for any signs of unusualities
Generic Name: Salbutamol
Brand Name: Albuterol

Classification: Antiasthmatic
Indications:
To relieve bronchospasm associated with acute or chronic
asthma, bronchitis, or other reversible obstructive airway diseases.
Also used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Action:
Synthetic sympathomimetic amine and moderately selective
beta2-adrenergic agonist with comparatively long action. Acts more
prominently on beta2 receptors (particularly smooth muscles of
bronchi, uterus, and vascular supply to skeletal muscles) than on beta1
(heart) receptors. Minimal or no effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Inhibits histamine release by mast cells.
Contraindications & Cautions:

Salbutamol must not be used to prevent premature labor in the
case of a
pre-eclampsia, placenta previa or bleedings.
Adverse Reactions:
• CNS: headache, insomnia, , dizziness
• Other: tachycardia, muscle cramps, agitation, palpitation.
Patient teaching:
• Instruct patient in the proper use of the metered-dose inhaler or
nebulizer.
• Advise patients to use salbutamol first if using other inhalation
medications and allow 5 min to elapse before administering other
inhalant medications unless otherwise directed.
• Advise patient to rinse mouth with water after each inhalation
dose to minimize dry mouth
• Instruct patient to contact health care professional immediately if
shortness of breath is not relieved by medication or is
accompanied by diaphoresis, dizziness, palpitations, or chest
pain
Nursing Interventions:
• Use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Syrup is

available for children as young as age 2.
• Inhaler may be used 15 minutes before exercise to prevent
exercise-induced bronchospasm.
• Warn the patient about the risk of paradoxical bronchospasm and
if it occurs, stop drug immediately.
• Teach patient to use the inhaler correctly: Shake it, clear the
throat, expel as much air as possible from the lungs, inhale
deeply while releasing the drug from the inhaler, hold breath for
several seconds.
• Chest Physiotherapy after nebulization.
Generic Name: Vitamin C
Brand Name: Cecon, Vitamin C drops
Classification: Vitamins
Indications:
 Delayed fracture or wound healing
 Post operative wound healing
 Severe febrile or chronic disease states
 Prevention of Vitamin C deficiency in patient with
poor
 Nutritional habits or increased requirement.
Contraindications:
In pregnant women give only if clearly needed. In breast feeding
women use cautiously.
Adverse Reactions:
• CNS: dizziness with rapid IV delivery, faintness
• GI: diarrhea
• GU: acid urine, oxaluria, renal calculi
• Other: discomfort at injection site
Nursing Intervention:
• Assess patient condition before starting therapy and regularly

thereafter to monitor drug’s effectiveness.
• When giving for urine acidification check for urine pH to ensure
effectiveness.
• Be alert for adverse reactions and drug interactions.
• If adverse GI reactions occur, monitor patient’s hydration.
• Assess patient’s and family’s knowledge of drug therapy.
Patient Teaching:
• Stress proper nutritional habits to prevent recurrence of
deficiency.
• Advise patient with Vitamin C deficiency to decrease stop
smoking
Generic Name: Cefuroxime
Brand Name: Zinacef
Classification:
Indications:
• Serious lower respiratory tract Infection, UTI, skin or skin stricture
infection, septicemia, meningitis, bone or joint infection and
gonorrhea.
•
Contraindications:
• Contraindicated in patient hypersensitive to drug other
cephalosporin.
• Use cautiously in patients with history of sensitivity to penicillin
and in patient with renal impairment.
Adverse Reactions:
• CNS: dizziness, headache, malaise, paresthesia.
• GI: abdominal cramps, anal pruritis, anorexia, anorexia, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, glossitis, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis,
tenesmus, vomiting.
• GU: candidiasis, pruritis
• HEMATOLOGIC: eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, transient neutropenia.
• Other: hypersensitivity reactions, pain, indurations, warmth,
tissue sloughing at injection site, phlebitis.
Patient teaching:
• Instruct patient to take the drug exactly as prescribed even after
he feels better.
• Advise patient to take oral drug with food to enhance absorption.
• Patient should report discomfort at I.V site.
• Tell patient to reconstituted suspension can be stored at room
temperature or in refrigerator.
• Inform patient to discard if unused portion after 10 days.
Interventions:
• Determine history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins,
penicillins, and history
of allergies, particularly to drugs, before therapy is initiated.
• Inspect IM and IV injection sites frequently for signs of phlebitis.
• Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea. Although pseudo
membranous colitis.
• Monitor I&O rates and pattern: Especially important in severe ill
patients receiving high doses. Report any
significant changes.

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DRUG

Generic Name: Paracetamol

Brand Name: Albuterol

Contraindications & Cautions:

• Use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Syrup is

• Assess patient condition before starting therapy and regularly

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