ബൈബിളിന്റെ ദൈവികത

ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-I-X-
kwhmZw
tUm.- tPm¬-k¬ kn.- ^n-en-¸v-

]mkv-äÀ- -hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw.- km-ap-hÂ-
Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-I-X-
kwhmZw
DA'WA BOOKS
Salafi Cultural Complex, Vyttila, Cochin-19
DA'WA BOOKS
Malayalam | Samvadam | Bibilinte Daivikatha
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-I-X- kwhmZw
BY: Dr. Jhonson C. Philip, Paster Varghees M. Samuel, M.M. Akbar
First Edition: December 2006
Price: Rs. 100
{]-km-[-IÀ-¡v- ]-d-bm-\p-Å-Xv-.....-
H-«-\-h-[n- {In-kv-Xy³- þ a-p-kv-enw- kw-hm-Z-§Ä-¡v- km-£yw-

hln-¨- \m-Sm-Wv- tI-c-fw-.- F-gp-X-s¸-«- tI-c-f- N-cn-{X-¯nÂ- G-sd-
{i-t²-b-\m-b- ap-kvenw- \-thm-°m-\- \m-b-I-\m-bn-cp-¶- k-¿-n-Zv-
k\m-D-Ãm-l- v- a-àn- X-§-fm-Wv Cu- cw-K-¯v- G-sd- F-S-p-¯p- ]-d-
tb- hy-ànsb-¶p- tXm-¶p-¶p.- tI-c-f-¯nÂ- sh-¨v- \-S-¶- {Inkv-
Xy³- þ ap-kve - nw- kw-hm-Z§- f- nÂ- G-sd- {i-t²-ba- m-bn-cp-¶p- 2002
Pq¬ 8 i-\n-bm-gv-N- s]-cp-¼m-hqÀ- sF. -Fw.- F- lm-fnÂ- sh-¨p-
\S-¶-Xv.- ss{I-kv-X-h- an-j-W-dn- kw-L-am-b- "Zn- {Sq-¯pw'- C-kv-
emanI- {]t_m-[-I- Iq-«m-b-va-bm-b- "\n-¨v- Hm-^v- {Sq-¯pw'- kw-bp-
à-am-bn- kw-LSn-¸n-¨-,- £-Wn-¡-s¸-«- k-Z-Ên-\p- ap-¶nÂ- sh-¨p-
\-S¶
- - kwhm-Z¯ - n-Â- NÀ-¨- sN-bvX- X
- v- ""ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX''-
sb¶- hn-j-b-am-bn-cp-¶p.- C-cp- hn-`m-K-¯nÂ- \n-¶pw- \mÂ-]-Xv-
t]À- hoXw- ]-s¦-Sp-¯- kw-hm-Z¯ - nÂ- ss{I-kX v- h
- - ]-£¯- p- \n¶v-
kw-kmcn-¨-Xv- {]-k-n-²- kp-hn-ti-j-I-\pw- C-ý-bn-se- {In-kv-Xy³-
A-t¸mf-Pn-äp-¡-fn-Â- A-t{K-k-c-\p-am-b- tUm.- tP-m¬-k¬- -kn.-
Publishers | Distribution: ^n-en-¸pw- kp-hn-ti-j-I-\m-b- ]m-kv-äÀ- hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw.- km-ap-thep-
Da'wa Books | Salafi Cultural Complex | Vyttila | Kochi-19 | Kerala | India
Email: dawabooks@nicheoftruth.org am-bn-cp-¶p.- C-kv-em-an-I- ]-£-s¯- {]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¨p-sIm-v- \n¨v-
Cover: Yoonus K.K. Hm-^v- {Sq¯v- U-b-d-Iv-SÀ- Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_dm-Wv- kw-km-cn-¨-Xv.-
Type Setting: Creative Media
Printing: Screen Offset, Kochi-18
hn-Úm-\-Ip-Xp-In-IÄ-¡p-w- k-Xym-t\z-jn-IÄ-¡p-sa-Ãmw- G-sd
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means
{]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-bncp-¶- {]-kv-Xp-X- kw-hm-Z-¯n-sâ- t\À-]-IÀ-
without the prior written permission of the publishers. ¸mW-v- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw.-
s]-cp-¼m-hq-cnÂ- sh-¨p- \-S-¶- {In-kv-Xy³-þap-kv-enw- kw-hm-Zw-
]p-kv-X-I-cq-]-¯n-em-¡p-hm-\m-bn- kw-hm-Z-¯nÂ- ]-s¦-Sp-¯- tUm.-

tPm-¬-k¬- kn.-- ^n-en-¸v-,- ]m-kv-äÀ- hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw- km-apthÂ,-
Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_-À- F-¶n-h-cpw- kw-hm-Zw- \n-b-{´-n-¨- ]m-kv-äÀ-
sI. sP- am-Xyp,- \qÀ-ap-l½ - Z- v- \qÀ-j- Xp-S§ - n-bh- c- pw- Xp-d¶
- - k½Xw-
\Â-Ip- I- b- p-m-bn.- C-Xn-¶m-bn- kw-hm-Z¯ - n-sâ- t\À-]I - Às¸-Sp¯v-
C-hÀ-s¡-Ãmw- A-b-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bpw- F-hn-sS-sb-¦nepw- F-s´-
¦n-epw- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- \Â-Im³- _m-¡n-bp-s¦nÂ- A-h Iq-Sn-
DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n- ]p-kv-X-Iw- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-sa-¶v- kw-hm-Z-¯nÂ- ]-
s¦-Sp-¯- aq-¶p-t]-sc-bpw- A-dn-bn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-.- tUm.- tPm¬-
XmfpIfnÂ...
k¬- kn-.- ^n-en-¸v-,- ]m-kv-äÀ- hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw.- km-apt-hÂ F-¶nhÀ-
H-¶pw- F-Un-äv- sN-¿m-sX- kw-hm-Zw- A-¸S- n- {]-kn-²o-Ic- n-¡p-¶XnÂ-
A-hÀ-¡v- k-t´m-jw- am-{X-sa-bp-Åp-sh-¶pw- A-£-c-s¯-äpIÄ-
h-enb- B-i-b-t¨mÀ-¨-¡v- \n-an-¯-am-Ip-sa-¶-Xn-\m-Â- A-¡m-cyw-
{]-tXy-Iw- {i-²n-¡W - s- a-¶pw- X-§Ä-¡v- {]-tXy-In-¨v- hn-iZ- o-IcW-
§-sf-m¶pw- \Â-Im-\n-sÃ-¶pw- A-dn-bn-¨p.- Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv_ - d- mIs«-
B-[y-£{]kw-Kw-
sI.-sP.- am-Xyp- 12
X-\n-¡v- {]-kw-K§-fnÂ- hn-iZ- o-Ic- n-¡m³- I-gn-bm-Xn-cp-¶- hn-jb§-
sf-¡p-dn-¨v- km-am-\yw- ZoÀ-L-am-bn-¯-s¶- A-\p-_-Ô-§-sfgp-Xn- hn-j-bm-h-X-c-Ww-(45 an-\p-«v- ho-X-w)
A-b-¨p-X-cn-I-bpw- A-h -Iq-Sn- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n- kw-hm-Zw- {]-kn²oIcn- tUm.- tPm¬-k¬ kn.- ^n-en-¸v- 19
¡-Ws- a-¶v- B-hi - y-s¸-Sp-Ib - pw- sN-bvX
- p.- A-\p-_Ô - § - Ä- X¿mdm- Fw.Fw.- A-Iv-_À- 39
¡m³- A-t±-ls- a-Sp-¯- k-ab - s- sZÀ-Ly-am-Wv- C-Xv- {]-kn²o-Ic- n¡p- H¶m-as¯ adp-]Sn (20 an\p«v hoXw)
h-m³- C-{X-bpw- Im-e-hn-fw-_-ap-m-Ip-hm³- Im-c-Ww.- hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw.- kmap-thÂ- 69
tI-c-f-¯nÂ- sh-¨p- \-S-¶- {i-t²-b-am-b- H-cpss{I-kv-X-h-þapkv- Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À- 80
enw- kw-hm-Zw- `m-hn- X-e-ap-d-¡p-Iq-Sn- {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¶- co-Xn-bnÂ- cm-as¯ {]Xn-hmZw (15 an\p«v hoXw)
]p-kvX- I- c- q-]¯
- nÂ- {]-kn-²o-Ic- n-¡m-\m-bX - nÂ- "Z-Avh - m- _p-Ivk
- n'- tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v 93
-\p- G-sd- Nm-cn-XmÀ-Y-y-ap-v.- C-Xn-\-\p-{K-ln-¨- kÀ-h-i-à-\v- kvXp- Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_À- 100
Xn.- C-Xn-\p- k-½X - w- \Â-In-b,-- kw-hm-Z¯ - nÂ- ]-s¦-Sp-¯- ]-ÞnX-
·m-tcm-Sp-Å- Ir-X-P-R-X- tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv.- k-Xy-m-t\z-jIÀ
tNm-tZym-¯-c-§Ä
A-[-y£³:- \qÀapl½Zv \qÀj 110
¡v- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- D-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-I-s«-sb-¶m-Wv- R-§-fp-sS-
{]mÀY\.- \m-Ym.....- C-sXm-cp- {]-Xn-^-emÀ-l-am-b- {]-hÀ-¯-\ambn- D-]-kw-lm-cw-
kzoI-cn-t¡-W-ta- (B-ao³).-- hÀKokv Fw. kmaphÂ 143
Fw. Fw. AIv_À 148
am-t\-PÀ-
Z-Av-h- _p-Iv-kv.-
\-µn-
apl½Zv A\kv 154
A\p-_Ô§Ä-
Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À- 157þ289
A\p-_Ôw 1
^-tdm-hmI-Y ss__n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\nepw 157
A\p-_Ôw 2
ss__nÄ IYIfpsS Ncn{X]cX 166
A\p-_Ôw 3
tbipIYbpsS Ncn{X]cX 172
A\p-_Ôw 4
ss__nfpw {]h-N-\-§-fpw 178
A\p-_Ôw 5
ss__nfnse imkv{Xm_²§Ä 191
A\p-_Ôw 6
]gb \nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä
A\p-_Ôw 7
]pXnb\nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä
A\p-_Ôw 8
D²-c-Wn-I-fnse A_-²-§Ä
201
206
217
B-[y-£{]kw-Kw-
A\p-_Ôw 9
ss__n-fnse Xncp¯epIÄ 227
A\p-_Ôw 10
Ncn{X IY-\-§Ä; ss_-_n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\n-epw 242
A\p-_Ôw 11
ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡p-Å- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- 264
A\p-_Ôw 12
Nne ]pkvX-I-§Ä F´psImv Xnc-kv¡-cn-¡-s¸«p? 269
A\p-_Ôw 13
tbiphnsâ amXr-I 281
A\p-_Ôw 14
]gb \nba {]h-N-\-§fpw tbip-hpw 285
sI.-sP.- am-Xyp-
Cu- kw-hm-Z¯nÂ- \½Ä- {i²n-t¡ Nn-e \n-_\v-[\IÄ-

\½p-sS kp-lr-¯p-¡Ä- t\cs¯ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-sh¨n-cp-¶p.- Ah
sbÃmw- hm-bn-¡m³- Cu- sshIn-bthfbnÂ- Rm³- kabsaSp-
¡m-sX hfsc {][m-\s¸« Nn-e \n-ba§Ä- \n-§Ä-¡p- thn-
]dbm³- XmÂ-]cy-s¸Sp-Ibm-Wv.- Fs¶ ]cn-Nbs¸Sp-¯mw.- F
s³d t]cv- sI.-sP.- am-Xyp.- ap³-Iq-«n- \n-iv-Nbn-¡s¸« \n-_\v-
[\IfnÂ- Gähpw- {][m-\s¸«h Rm³- kq-Nn-¸n-¡mw.- BZyw-
tUm.- tPm¬-k¬- "ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IX'- F¶ hn-jbs¯
¡p-dn-¨v- 45 an-\p«v- kw-km-cn-¡pw.- AXn-\p-tijw- {io-am³- Fw.Fw.
-AIv-_À- 45 an-\p«v- kw-km-cn-¡pw.- AXn-\p-tijw- So- t{_¡v- \niv-
Nbn-¨n-«p-v.- AXp -Ign-ªmÂ- tUm.- tPm¬-k¬- 20 an-\p-«v-
kwkm-cn-¡pw.- ]n-¶o-Sv- AIv-_À- 20 an-\p-«v- kw-km-cn-¡pw.- AXn\p
t- ijw- tUm.- tPm¬-k¬- 15 an-\p«v- kw-km-cn-¡pw.- AXn\p-tijw-
{io-am³- AIv-_À- A\p-_\v-[am-bn- 15 an-\p«v- kw-km-cn-¡pw-.- C§
s\ cp-t]cpw kw-km-cn-¨tijw- tNm-tZym-¯cam-bn-cn-¡pw.-
AXn-\p-Å kabw- \niv-Nbn-¡s¸«n-«p-v.- tNm-tZym-¯c§Ä-
kw_\v-[n-¨v- Fgp-Xn-sh¨n-«p-Å \n-_\v-[\IÄ- \n§fp-sS Adn-
hn-te¡m-bn- ]dbs«:
Cu- `m-K¯p-\n-¶v- (ap-kv-enw- kZÊnÂ- \n-¶v)- HcmÄ-¡v- kv-tä
PnÂ- Cu- kp-lr-¯p-¡tfm-Sv- ({Inkv-Xy-³- ]Þn-Xtcm-Sv-)- tNmZyw-
tNmZn-¡m-hp-¶Xm-Wv.- Cu- `m-K¯n-cn-¡p-¶ R§fp-sS ({In-kv-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 14 B-[y-£{]kw-Kw- 15
Xy-³)-- - kp-lr-¯p-¡fnÂ- -HcmÄ-¡v- Cu- Gcn-bm-bn-te¡v- (ap-kvenw- A`n-{]m-bs¸Sp-¶hcm-Wv- {][m-\am-bn- {]Xn-Icn-¡m³- XmÂ-]cy-
{]Xn-\n-[n-Itfm-Sv)- tNm-Zyw- tNm-Zn-¡m-hp-¶Xm-Wv.- HcmÄ- am-{Xw- s¸Sp-¶Xv.- ssZhn-IXbp-sS A\p-`hth-Zy-am-b ]¦p-sh¡Â- \S
tNm-Zyw- tNm-Zn-¡p-Ibpw- ]ckv-]cw- tNm-Zyw- tNm-Zn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡pI ¯p-t¼mÄ- AXp-kw-_\v-[n-¨v- B[n-Im-cn-Iam-bn-«v- A§s\ Ah
bpw- sN¿p-I.- tNm-Zy-§Ä- tNm-Zn-¡p-¶Xpw-- D¯c§Ä- ]dbp¶ Im-is¸Sm³- BIn-Ã F¶v- sXfn-bn-¡m-\p-Å {ia§fm-Wv- Cu-
Xpw-- Hcn-¡epw- kZÊn-s³-d ]ckv-]cap-Å Hcp- kwhn-[m-\am-Icp- `m-K¯p-\n-¶v- Dm-Ip-¶Xv.- \q-äm-p-Ifm-bn- sXfn-bn-¡s¸«
Xv.- adn-¨v,- kv-täPn-en-cn-¡p-¶ dn-tkm-gv-kv- t]gv-kWnt\m-Sv- tNmZyw- ss__n-fn-se B[n-Im-cn-I ]cm-aÀ-i§Ä- 66 hy-Xy-kvX - Fgp¯p-
tNm-Zn-¡m³- thn-bm-Wv- \n-_\v-[\.- tNm-Zy-¯n-s³-d kabw- Ifn-se A\p-{Kln-¡s¸« t{Im-Uo-Ir-X kam-lm-cam-b hn-ip²
cv- an-\p-«v.- Hcp- tNm-Zyw- tNm-Zn-¨bmÄ-¡v- ]n-¶o-Sv- tNm-Zn-¡m³- ss__nÄ- ]gbXpw- ]p-Xn-bXp-sa¶v- cm-bn- hn-`m-Kn-¡s¸«-
Ahkcw- Dm-hp-Ibn-Ã.- D¯cw- A©v- an-\p-«v.- A©p-an-\p-«ne[n- kXy-thZ ]p-kv-XIw,-- 39 ]p-kv-XI§Ä- AS§nb ]gb \n-baw,-
Iw- D¯cw- \o-p-t]m-bmÂ- Rm-\pw- \qÀ-jm- km-dpw- AXv- \nb{ń- 27 Fgp-¯p-IÄ- AS§n-b ]p-Xnb \n-baw,-- CXn-s³-d ka\z-bamb
¡p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.- R§fp-sS \n-b{´Ww- B[n-Im-cn-Iam-bn-«v- 66 ]p-kXv- I§Ä.- A§s\ hn-hn-[ ]p-kX v- I§fp-sS B[n-ImcnI
Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m³- \n-§fp-sS klIcWw- {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p.- R§Ä- ssZhhN\¯n-s³-d Hcp- t{Im-Uo-IcWam-bn- Bp-IfmÂ- e`n-
cp-t]cpw- B-[y-£X hln-¨v- tam-Utdäv- sN¿p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw. ¨n-«p-Å kXy-thZ ]p-kv-XI¯n-s³-d AXp-ey-{]`m-h¯n-s³-d
AXp-sIm-v- R§Ä- cp-t]cp-sSbpw- \n-b{´W¯n-\v- \n§sf A\h[n- Im-cy-§Ä- tUm.- tPm¬-k¬- \t½m-Sv- ]¦p-sh¡m³-
Ãm-hcpw- ]qÀWam-bpw- hn-t[bs¸«v- \½p-sS ao-änw-Kv- hn-Pbn-¸n¡m t]m-hp-Ibm-Wv.- \q-äm-p-Ifm-bn- sshhn-[y-§ÄsIm-v- {i²n¡
³ -thn- Rm³- hn-tijmÂ- A`yÀ-Yn-¡p-¶p.- s¸«sX¦n-epw- sshcp-[yw- sXÃp-an-Ãm-sX GIo-IcWhpw- t{ImUo-
Im-cy-§Ä- FÃm-hÀ-¡pw- a\Ên-em-bn- F¶v- Rm³- {]Xo-£n IcWhpw- ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam-bn- shfn-s¸Sp-¯s¸«n-«p-Å kXy-
¡p-¶p.- cv- aWn-¡q-tdm-fw- kabw- \mw- tNm-tZym-¯c¯n-\mbn«v- thZ ]p-kv-XIw.-- Bbn-cam-bn-cw- Po-hnX§sf \q-äm-p-Ifn-eq-sS,-
am-än-sh¨n-«p-v.- F¦n-epw- sshIn- Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xp-sIm-v- Nne kl{km-_v-Z§fn-eq-sS cq-]m-ćs¸Sp-¯p-hm³- ]cym-]v-Xam-bn-
t¸mÄ- tNm-tZym-¯ckabw- AÂ-]w- ]cn-an-Xs¸Sm³- km-[y-Xbp- sXfn-bn-¡s¸« kXy-thZ]p-kv-XIw.- Gähp-ap-]cn- [m-cm-fw- {]mh
v.- F¶mÂ- Cu- {]`m-jIcp-sS ]¦p-sh¡en-\v- \mw- \n-iv-Nbn¨ N\n-I kq-IvX - §Ä- A¡an-«v A¨«m-bn- \n-hÀ-¯n-bm-Ip-hm³- ASn-
kabw-Xs¶ A\p-hZn-¡p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.- \½p-sS tNmtZym¯c kv-Ym-\am-b kXy-thZ ]p-kv-XIw.- IÀ-¯m-hmb tbip-{Inkv-Xp-
§Ä-¡pÅ kabw- kab¯n-sâ apt¶äa\p-kcn-¨v- \n-Ps¸Sp¯p- F¶ hy-Iv-Xn-bnÂ- tI{µo-Icn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ kXy-thZ ]p-kvXIw.-
hm³- \mw- \nÀ-_\v-[n-Xcm-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶ Im-cyw- FÃm-hcpw- {i²n- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s³-d P\\w,- Po-hn-Xw,- acWþAS¡,- ]p\cpYm\þ
¡p-sa¶v- Rm³- hn-Nm-cn-¡p-¶p-.- kzÀ-Km-tcm-lW- ]qÀ-¯o-IcW,- {]Xym-Ka\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ- hfsc
"ss__nfn-s³-d ssZhn-IX'- F¶Xm-Wv- kw-hm-Z hn-jbw.- Ir-Xy-am-bn- {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶ kXy-thZ ]p-kv-XIw.- BXv-ac£¡v-
kXy-thZ ]p-kX -v Isa¶v- s]m-Xpsh aebm-f¯nÂ- Adnbs¸Sp¶ ASn-kv-Ym-\]cam-b Cu- bm-YmÀ-Yyw-, tem-Ic£I\m-b {In-kvXp-
hn-ip-² ss__nÄ- ssZh¯n-s³-d am-äan-Ãm-¯ hN\amWv,- {In- hnsâ Cu- ]cn-Nbs¸Sp-¯Â- AXn-\Sn-kv-Ym-\]camb Cu- thZ
kvX- ym-\n-bp-sS- B[n-Im-cn-I {K\vY - am-Wv,- B]vX - hN\am-Wv,- ASn- ]p-kv-XIw;- CXn-s³-d B[n-Im-cn-IXsb Ip-dn-¨m-Wv- tUm.- tPm¬-
kv-Ym-\ hN\am-Wv F¶v- ss{Ikv-XhÀ- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶p.- ssZhnI k¬- ^n-en-¸v- kw-km-cn-¡m³- t]m-Ip-¶Xv.- "ss__n-fns³d ssZ
Xbpw- ssZhizm-ky-Xbpw- F¡m-e¯pw- AhIm-is¸Sp-¶,- sXfn- hnIX'- F¶ hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- kw-km-cn-¡m³-thn- Rm³-
bn-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶ kXy-thZ ]p-kv-XI¯n-\v- A½m-Xn-cn- ssZhn- At±ls¯ £Wn-¡p-¶p.- \ap-s¡Ãm-hÀ-¡pw- At±ls¯ I¿
IX AhIm-is¸Sp-hm³- Ahkcan-Ã,- ASn-kv-Ym-\an-Ãm-sb¶v- Sn-¨v- kzmKXw- sN¿mw.-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 16 17
hn-j-bm-h-X-c-Ww-
(45 an-\p-«v- ho-X-w)
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 18 hn-j-bm-h-X-c-Ww- 19
tUm.- tPm¬-k¬ kn.- ^n-en-¸v-
C¶v- Chn-sSbp-Å {^v-kn-s\ h¶n-§s\ Im-Wp-hm³ -th

n- Ahkcw- \Â-In-bXn-\v- Rm³- ssZhs¯ kv-Xp-Xn-¡p¶p.-
\ap-¡v- {]mÀ-°n-¡mw......-
Our heavenly Father, we are thankful to you for this kind of
opportunity that you granted us. And we pray that as we discuss
these things that the holy spirit may taken control of every thing
and we also pray that our friends who have come here as seek-
ers might find the truth. And even if there is any one here in
these audience, who has not come as a seeker we pray that you
may work in their heart so that they might see the truth of the
word of God. We ask in the most blessed name of our Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ- Amen.
GItZiw- F«p-hÀ-j§Ä-¡v- ap-¼v a[y-{]tZinÂ-\n-¶pw- tIcf
¯nÂ-h¶v- A[n-Iw- Xm-akn-¡p-¶Xn-\p -ap-¼p-Xs¶ R§fp-sS
ss__nÄ- kvIqfn-s³-d sXm-«p-]n-¶n-ep-Å Hcp- ap-kv-enw- skan\m-
cnbnÂ -\n-¶v- Nn-e ap-kv-enw- ktlm-Zc§Ä- h¶v- Ft¶m-Sv- Hcp-
Ubtem-Kv- Xp-S§n-b hn-jbam-bn-cp-¶p- "ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-
IX'-.- Cu- Ign-ª F«p-hÀ-jw- [m-cm-fw- ap-kv-enw- kp-lr-¯p¡fp-
am-bn- Cu- hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- kw-km-cn-¡m³- Ahkcw- e`n-¨n«p-
v.- hfsc Meaningful Bbn«p-Å kw-km-c¯n-\v-,- AsÃ¦nÂ-
Bibhn-\n-ab¯n-\v- Xs¶ km-[n-¨n-«p-v.- AXn-\v- Rm³- ssZh sem-cp- dnkÀ-¨v- t]¸À- ]»n-jv- sNbvX- v- In-«Wsa¦nÂ- Hcp- kbân-
s¯ kvX - p-Xn-¡p-¶p.- C¶v- afternoonÂ- DÅ Cu- kw-km-cw- AXp- ^n-Iv- dn-kÀ-¨v- t]¸À- GXv- kv-äm-t³-dÀ-UnÂ- Fgp-XWtam- AXn-
t]m-seXs¶ Fs³d ktlm-Zc§Ä-¡v- hfsc enlightening t\¡mÄ- ssl kv-äm-t³-dÀ-UnÂ- t]¸À- ]»n-jv- sNbv-tX ]äq.-
Bbn-cn-¡p-sa¶v- Rm³- {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p.- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhnI F\n-¡Xv- B[n-Im-cn-Iam-bn- Chn-sS ]dbm³- km-[n-¡pw.- Im-c
Xsb [m-cm-fw- Bfp-IÄ- tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xn-«p-v.- CXv- ]p-Xn-b hn Ww- Rm³- ^n-kn-Iv-knÂ- Fs³d ]n.-F¨v.-Un- sNbv-X kab¯v-
jbsam-¶p-aÃ.- AXn-\v- Im-cWap-v.- a\p-jy³- ]m-]n-bm-sW¶pw- Hcp- t]¸À- ]»njv- sN¿m³- F{X difficulty Dtm- AXn-t\¡mÄ-
]m-]n-bm-b Cu- a\p-jy\v- kz-´w- IÀ-a¯nÂ-Iq-Sn- c£s¸Sm³- Iq-Sp-XÂ- hn-jaam-Wv- Cu- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IXsb¡p-dn-
km-[n-¡¯n-sÃ¶pw- ]m-]n-bm-b Cu- a\p-jy-\v- c£ \Â-Ip-hm³ ¨p-Å tPWÂ-knÂ- Hcp- t]¸À- ]»n-jv- sN¿m³.-...........- CXns³d
-thn- IÀ-¯m-hm-b tbip-{In-kv-Xp- Cu- tem-I¯nÂ- h¶v- Ipcn- tIm-¸n- \n-§sf Im-Wn-¨p-Xcmw.- thWsa¦nÂ- \n-§Ä- B{Kln-
inÂ- Xs³-d Po-hs\ _en-bm-bn-«v- AÀ-¸n-¨p-sh¶p-ap-Å hkv-Xp- ¡p-¶ hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- hn-jbhp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸«v- Cu- tPW
X ss__nÄ- am-{Xsa ]dbp-¶p-Åq.- AXv- kzo-Icn-¡pI F¶pÅ Â- ]»n-jv- dn-tkÀ-¨v- t]t¸gv-kv- \n-§Ä-¡v- Xcp-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.-
Xv- a\p-jy-a\Êp-IÄ-t¡m- a\p-jy-_p-²n-IÄ-t¡m- A{X Ffp-¸ Cu- Hm-^À- CXn-\p-ap-¼v- Rm³- ]e ap-kv-enw- {^v-kn-\pw- sImSp-
aÃ.- bp-IvX - n-hm-Zn-IÄ-¡pw- hfsc hn-jaam-Wv.- kz-´w- IÀ-a§fnÂ- ¯n-«p-v-.- ap-kv-enw- {^v-kv- Bcpw- Cu- Hm-^À- CXp-hsc use
Al¦cn-¡p-¶hÀ-¡pw-, kz-´w- IÀ-a¯nÂ I - qSn- c£{]m-]n-¡m³- sNbvX - n-«n-Ã F¶ Im-cyw- tJZ]qÀ-hw- ]dbs«.- F¶mÂ- C¶s¯
B{Kln-¡p-¶hÀ-¡pw- Cu- Im-cy-§Ä- kzo-Icn-¡m³- hfsc hnj HmUn-b³kn-se¦n-epw- Nn-eÀ- ap-t¶m-«p-h¶v- ss__n-fn-s\¡p-dn¨v-
aam-Wv.- AXp-sIm-m-Wv- Ign-ª 2000 hÀ-j§Ä- ss__n-fns³d AhÀ- tNm-Zn-¡p-¶ tNm-Zy-§Ä-¡v- Rm³- C¶ tPWenÂ- C¶
ssZhn-IXsb [m-cm-fw- Bfp-IÄ- Aäm-¡v- sNbv-Xn-«p-ÅXv.- {Inkv- t]¸dnÂ- adp-]Sn- Ds¶v- ]dbp-t¼mÄ- atleast Hcp-{]m-hiy-sa¦n
Xy³- Iayq-Wn-än- Cu- Aäm-¡n-s\sbm-¶pw- Hcn-¡epw- reject sNbv- epw- Fs¶ H¶v- contact sNbv-Xv- B dnkÀ-¨v- t]¸dn-s³-d tIm¸n-
Xn-«n-Ã.- `b¶n-«n-Ã.- t\scadn-¨v- CXn-\v- bp-Iv-Xam-b Hcp- adp-]Sn-,- research sNbv-Xv- hm-bn¡m³- {ian-¡Wsa¶v- Rm³- request
F¶v- a\Ên-em-¡n- [m-cm-fw- {]kv-Ym-\§Ä- Xp-S§n-bn-«p-v.- es- sN¿p-¶p.-
pecially Ign-ª 200 hÀ-j§Ä- C§s\ Cu- tNm-Zy-§Ä-¡v-
ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IXsb defend sNbv-Xv- Chn-sS kwkm-
adp-]Sn- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ Hcp- golden age Bbn-cp-¶p-.- Ign-ª 50 hÀ- cn-¡p-¶XnÂ- ]e Im-cW§fp-v.- Cu- afternoonÂ- Rm³- A©v-
j§fnÂ- all over the world GItZiw- \m-\q-tdm-fw- organisa- Im-cy-§Ä- ]dbm³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p-.- a\p-jy-s³-d _p-²n-¡v- AXo-
tions C§s\bp-Å tNm-Zy-§Ä-¡v- adp-]Sn- sIm-Sp-¡p-hm³-thn-
Xam-sbm-cp- _p-²n-bp-Å kÀ-hPv-Rm-\n-bm-b Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-Wv-
develop sNbv-Xn-«p-v.- F¶p-am-{XaÃ ChÀ- \q-dp-IW¡n-\v- amK
Cu- ]p-kv-XIw- C§s\ a\p-jyÀ-¡v- sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- AsÃ
kn³-kv- ]»n-jv- sN¿p-¶p-v. Uk³- IW¡n\v- sSIv-\n-¡Â-
tPWÂ-kv- ]»njv- sN¿p-¶p-v.- Cu- hn-jb§sf¡p-dn-¨v- hfsc ¦nÂ- ss__nÄ- AhXoÀ-Wam-b Hcp- {K\v-Yam-sW¶p-ÅXn-\v,-
elementary Bbn-«p-Å en-ätd¨À- am-{Xw- hm-bn-¨n-«p-ÅhÀ-¡v- Nne
AsÃ¦nÂ- divinely inspired BsW¶p-ÅXn-\v- A©v- sXfn-hp-
t¸mÄ- C¡m-cyw- Adn-b¯n-Ãm-bn-cn-¡pw.- Ifm-Wv- Rm³- C¶v- \n-§fp-sS ap-¼nÂ- sh¡m³- Dt±in-¡p-¶Xv.-
Bible and Science AsÃ¦nÂ- Bible and Archeology, Divin-
H¶v-) ss__n-fn-s³-d scientific accuracy.
ity of the Bible AsÃ¦nÂ- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IX F¶ hnj cv) ]p-cm-hkv-Xp- imkv-{X]cam-b ss__n-fn-s³-d accuracy
bs¯¡p-dn-¨v- cpw- aq-¶pw- \m-epw- A©pw- ]n.-F¨v.-Un-bp-Å AsÃ¦nÂ- Ir-Xy-X.-
Bfp-IÄ- dn-kÀ-¨v- sNbvX - v- tPWÂ-kv- ]»n-jv- sN¿p-¶p-v.- AXn- aq-¶v-) Historical hn-jb§fn-ep-Å ss__n-fn-s³d accuracy.
\m-ev)- {]hN\ hn-jb§fn-ep-Å ss__n-fn-s³-d accuracy. hmbn--«v,-- AsÃ¦nÂ- Hcp- evidence Bbn-«v- kzo-Icn-¡¯p-Åq.- \ap-
A©v-)- am\p-kv-{In-]v-än-s³-d Im-cy-¯n-ep-Å ss__n-fn-s³-d ¡v- Xs¶ Adn-bm-hp-¶ Hcp- Im-cy-am-Wv- Xn-bdn-s¡m-cp- perma-
accuracy. nency CÃm-sb¶p-ÅXv.- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸« Hcp- hkv-Xp-X t]mepw-
Rm³- Cu- Im-cy-§Ä- ]dbp-t¼mÄ- \n§fnÂ- Nn-ecp-sS apJ C¶p-hsc ss__n-fn-s³-d Hcp- statement-s\- Iq-Sn- tNmZyw- sNbv-
¯v- ]p©n-cn-bp-v.- I am very happy. \n-§fp-sS tNm-Zy-§Ä- Rm³- Xn-«n-Ã.- Ign-ª 28 hÀ-jam-bn-«v- CXn-\p-thn- Hcp- reward- Rm³-
declare- sNbv-Xn-«p-v.- \n-§fpw- welcome- BWv.- H¶c e£w-
{]Xo£n-¡p-¶p.-
cq-]bm-Wv- C¶Xn-s³-d Iym-jv- hm-eyp.- kvY - m-]n-¡s¸« Hcp- im-kv-
F¶mÂ- ]n-s¶bpw- Hcp- Im-cyw- ]dbm³- B{Kln-¡p-¶Xv-,- {X hkv-Xp-Xsb¦n-epw- ss__n-fn-s³-d GsX¦n-epw- kv-tääv-sa³dv-
Cu- hn-jb§fnÂ- F{X KthjWw- \S¶n-«p-s¶ Im-cys¯ kn-s\ tNm-Zyw- sNbv-XXm-bn-«v- sXfn-bn-¡m-sa¦nÂ-þ P¼v- sNbvXv-
¡p-dn-¨v- Fs³-d {^v-knÂ- an-¡hcpw- APv-Rcm-Wv.- Cu- hnjb s]s«¶v- AXv-,- CXv- F¶v- ]dbcp-Xv.- AXn-\p-ap-¼v- AXv- Hcp-
¯nÂ- pamphlets-Dw- dn-tkÀ-¨v- t]t¸gv-kpw- tPÀ-WÂ-kpw- Dv Xnbdn-bm-tWm- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸« hkv-Xp-Xbm-tWm F¶p-- Nnń-
F¶ Im-cyw- C¶pw- ss__n-fn-s\ Aäm-¡v- sNbv-Xv- Fgp-Xp-¶ ¨n-«p-thWw- H_v-PIv-j³- ssdkv- sN¿p-¶Xv.- AXv- Rm-\n-Xp-t]m-
Bfp-IÄ- ]et¸m-gpw- Hfn-¨p-sh¡p-¶,- ad¨p-sh¡p-¶ hnjbam ep-Å Hm-Un-b³-kn-\p-ap-¼nÂ- am-{XaÃ,- bq-Wn-thgvk - n-än- Hm-Unb³-
Wv.- AXp-sIm-v- Hcp- {]m-hiy-sa¦nepw- scholarly Bbn-«p-Å kn-\p-ap-¼n-epw- Cu- Hm-^À- sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ÅXm-sW¶ Im-cyw- HmÀan-
Cu- en-ätd¨À- \n-§Ä- hm-bn-¨p-t\m-¡Ww.- atleast \n-§fp-sS ¸n-¨n-«v- Rm³- ap-t¶m-«v- t]m-Is«.-
I®p-sIm-v- Im-WWsa¶v- Rm³- request sNbv-Xp-sIm-v- ap- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸« Hcp- im-kv-{X hkv-Xp-Xbpw-- ss__n-fn-s³d
t¶m-«v- move sN¿p-¶p.- Hcp- kv-tääv-sa³-dn-s\bpw- tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xn-«n-Ã.- ss__n-fn-s³-d
BZy-am-bn-«-v Rm³- HmÀ-an-¸n-¨Xp-t]m-se ss__nÄ- ssZhnIamb Hcp- kv-tääv-sa³-dv- t]m-epw- kvYm-]n-¡s¸« im-kv-{X hkv-Xp-Xsb
{K\vY- am-sW¶p-ÅXv- sXfn-bn-¡s¸Sp-¶Xv- ss__n-fn-s³-d imkv- tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xn-«n-Ã.- F¶p-am-{XaÃ,- ss__n-fn-ep-Å [m-cmfw-
{Xo-b Ir-Xy-Xbp-sS ImcWw- sIm-m-Wv.- im-kv-{Xw- F¶v- ]d kv-tääv-sa³-dv-kv- im-kv-{Xw- B hn-jb§sf¡p-dn-¨v- Ip-]n-Sp¯
ªp-Ign-ªmÂ- a\p-jy³- Cu- {]]©s¯¡p-dn-¨v- ]Tn-¡p-hm³- §Ä- \S¯p-¶Xn-\v- Bbnc¡W¡n-\v- hÀ-j§Ä-¡p-ap-¼v- Cu-
thn- develop sNbv-X Hcp- field B-Wv.- im-kv-{X¯nÂ-Xs¶ hnjb§sf¡p-dn-¨v- hy-Iv-Xam-bn-«v- kw-km-cn-¡p-¶p.- DZm-lcW
cv- categories Dv.- H¶v.- sXfn-bn-¡s¸Sm-¯ kn-²m-´§Ä.- ¯n-\,v- - »Uv- a\p-jy-s³-d Po-hs³-d server- BsW¶p-ÅXv- hneyw-
DZm-lcW¯n-\v- evolution.- C¶pw- AXn-s\ theory of evolu- lmÀhnbm-Wv- Ip-]nSn-¨Xv.- F¶mÂ- ss__nÄ- GItZiw- \m
tion F¶m-Wv- ]dbp-¶Xv.- ImcWw- AXv- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸Sm-¯ em-bncw- hÀ-j§Ä-¡v- ap-¼v- C¡m-cyw hfsc hy-Iv-Xam-bn-«v- ]d
Hcp- kn-²m-´w- am-{Xam-Wv.- F¶mÂ- t\scadn-¨v- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸« ªn-«p-v.- `q-an- iq-\y-¯n-t·Â- Xq-§n-¡n-S¡p-¶p-sh¶v- im-kv{Xw-
hkvX - p-XIfpw- Dv.- DZm-lcW¯n-\v- the law of universal gravi- Ip-]n-Sn-¨p.- C¶pw- AXn-s\ FXnÀ-¡p-¶ Bfp-Ifp-v.- C¶pw-
tation. AXv- kvY - m-]n-¡s¸« Hcp- hkvX- p-Xbm-Wv.- kvY
- m-]n-¡s¸Sm- Cu- 21 mw- \q-äm-n-epw-.- F¶mÂ- Ctbm-_n-s³-d ]pkv-XIw- hfsc
¯ kn-²m-´§sfSp-¯-v [m-cm-fw- Bfp-IÄ- ss__n-fn-s\ Aäm¡v- hy-Iv-Xam-bn-«v- ]dbp-¶Xv- ssZhw- `q-an-sb \m-kv-Xn-bn-t·Â- Xq¡p-
sN¿m-dp-v.- Naturally- Hcp- court of lawbnÂ- sN¶p-Ign-ªmÂ- ¶p- F¶m-Wv.- `qan- ]c¶Xm-sW¶v- Nn-eÀ- AhIm-is¸Sp-¶pv.-
kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸Sm-¯ Xn-bdo-kv- sIm-p-sh¨p-Ign-ªmÂ- AXv- ss__nÄ- A§s\ ]dbp-¶p-sh¶pw- Nn-eÀ- AhIm-is¸Sp-¶p-
Hcp- testimony Bbn-t« Bcpw- kzo-Icn-¡¯n-Ã.- hfsc elemen- v.- AXv- thn-hcp-t¼mÄ- \ap-¡v- ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-w.- F¶mÂ-
tary Bbn-«p-Å Nn-´m-KXn-bp-ÅhÀ- am-{Xsa Xn-bdo-kn-s\ sXfn- `q-an- Dcp-Xm-sW¶v- ss__nÄ- hy-Iv-Xambn-«v- ]dbp-¶p-v.- Hcp-
kv-Ye¯Ã,- H¶nÂ-Iq-Sp-XÂ- kv-Ye¯v-.- F-¶mÂ- AXv- In«nÃ- Xn-s³-d s_bv-kn-knÂ- ss__nÄ- C¶Xv- ]dbp-¶p F¶v- Bsc
F¶v- Nn-eÀ- \Sn-¡p-¶p-v.- ]dªn-«n-Ãm-¯Xv- ]dbp-¶p-sh¶v- ¦n-epw- ]dªp-Ign-ªm-Â- that is a deception, that is a false stat
NneÀ- \Sn-¡p-¶p-v.- ss__nÄ- hy-IX v- am-bn-«v- hm-bn-¨p-IgnªmÂ- ement. A§s\ ^mÄ-kv- kv-tääv-sa³dv- sIm-p-h¶p-Ign-ªmÂ-
`q-an- iq-\y-¯n-t·Â- \nÂ-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw- Dcp-Xm-sW¶pw- Hcp- Bcv- F´p-]dsª¶v- thWsa¦n-epw- sXfn-bn-¡m³- km-[n-¡pw.-
kvY- e¯v- cm-hpw- Hcp- kvY
- e¯v- ]Iepw- asäm-cp- kvY - e¯v- asämcp- C¶s¯ situation ]dªp-Ign-ªmÂ-; Ign-ª cm-bn-cw-
kabam-sW¶p-ÅXpw- hyIv-Xam-bn-«v- ]dbp-¶Xp- ImWmw.- AXn- hÀ-jw- ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-.- Ign-ª \m-\q-dv- hÀ-jw- hfsc kq-£vaambn-
\mÂ- im-kv-{X¯n-s³-d Hcp- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸« hkv-Xp-X t]mepw ]cn-tim-[n-¨p.- Ign-ª 200 hÀ-j§Ä- even research bodies Dm-
ss__n-fn-s³-d Hcp- kv-tääv-sa³-dn-s\bpw- tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xn«n-Ã.- ¡n- ]cn-tim-[n-¨p.- C¶p-hsc Hcp- hyIv-Xn-¡pw- ss__n-fnÂ- Hcp-
ss__n-fn-s³-d Hcp- kv-tääv-sa³-dp -t]m-epw- im-kv-{X¯n-s³-d scientific error Ds¶v- sXfn-bn-¡m³- km-[n-¨n-«n-Ã.- t\scadn¨v,-
kvYm-]n-¡s¸« Hcp- hkv-Xp-Xsb tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xn-«n-Ã.- Rm³- ]dªXp-t]m-se ss__n-fn-ep-Å Hcp- kv-tääv-sa³-dv- t]m-
\n-§Ä- immediately ]dsª¶p-hcpw.- oh sir `q-an-bm-Wv- Cu- epw- kb³-kn-s\ contradict sNbv-Xn-«n-Ã.- Theories? oh yes. \qdp-
{]]©¯n-s³-d tI{µsa¶v- ss__nÄ- ]dbp-¶n--tÃ?-.- oh.. won- IW¡n-\Ã,- Bbn-c¡W¡n-\v- Xn-bdn-Ifp-v; ss__n-fn-s\
derful ! Cu- hnjbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- aebm-f `m-jbnÂ- Fgp-Xs¸« against sN¿p-¶p.- F¶mÂ- Xn-bdn-¡v- bm-sXmcp- existenceDw C
_pIv-kv- FÃmw- H¶p-- kÀ-sh sN¿p-hm³- Hcp- Nm³kv- Dm-bn.- sÃ¶v- \mw- a\Ên-em-t¡Xv- Bhiy-am-Wv.-
AXnÂ- Fs³-d ap-¼nÂ-h¶ Hcp- _p-¡m-Wn-Xv (Fw.-Fw.- AIv_À ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IX sXfn-bn-¡p-¶ cm-as¯ hnjb
cNn-¨ "ss__n-fn-sâ ssZhn-IX hn-aÀ-i\§Ä- hkv-Xp-XIÄ'- am-Wv- Bible and Archeology. GItZiw- \q-dp- hÀ-j§Ä-¡v- ap¼m-
DbÀ-¯n- Im-Wn-¡p-¶p)-.- Cu- _p-¡v- C§s\ claim- sN¿p-¶p.- Wv- BÀ-¡n-tbm-fPn- F¶ kb³-kv- Xp-S§n-bXv.- A¶v- [mcm-fw-
Cu- kv-tääv-sa³-dv- Hs¡ Fgp-Xp-¶ Bfp-IÄ- Hcp- {]m-hiy-sa¦n- \n-coiz-chm-Zn-Ifpw- {In-kv-Xp-hn-tcm-[n-Ifpw- ss__nÄ- hntcm[nI
epw- im-kv{- Xw-,- AÃ Historical Science hm-bn-¨p-t\m-¡n-bXm-bncp- fpw- claim sNbv-X Hcp- hnjbap-v.- ]p-cmhkv-Xp- imkv-{Xw- Hcp-
¶p-sh¦nÂ- C§s\bp-Å kv-tääv-saâ vkv- Fgp-X¯n-Ãm-bn-cpt¶ 25 hÀ-jw- t{]m-{Kkv- sN¿s«.- AtXm-sS ss__nÄ- completely
s\.- Encyclopaedia Britaniccana, Encyclopaedia Americana, sXäm-sW¶v- sXfn-bn-¡mw.- {^v-kv-....- 25 hÀ-jaÃ.- \qdp-hÀ-jw-
Fungon & Vagnal Standard Encyclopaedia......take any Ency- t{]m-{Kkv- sNbv-Xp.- C¶v- ]p-cm-hkv-Xp- im-kv-{X¯nÂ- ss__n-
clopaedia F¶n-«XnÂ- Keo-en-tbm Keo-en- F¶ kw-`hw- t\m¡n- fnÂ- tcJs¸«p-In-S¡p-¶ Ncn-{Xhp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸«v- In-S¡p-¶
¡gn-ªmÂ- \n-§Ä-¡Xv- a\Ên-em-Ipw.- CXv- {In-kv-Xym\n-IfÃ Im-cy-§Ä- dn-kÀ-¨v- sN¿m³-thn- Bfn-Ã.- AXp-t]m-se saäocn-
]dbp-¶Xv.- im-kv-{Xtem-Iw,- AsÃ¦nÂ- sakm-¨q-tkm-kv- C³kv- bÂ- Ip-]n-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- AXn-s³-d Im-ätem-Kv- Xs¶ 50Dw-
än-äyq-«-v Hm-^-v sSIvt- \m-fPn- Cd¡n-b F³-sskt¢m-]o-Un-b kb³kv- 60Dw- 70Dw- thm-fn-bw-km-Wv.- dn-kÀ-¨v- sN¿m³- Bfp-Ifn-Ã.- AXp-
B³-dv- sSIvt- \m-fPn- ap-¸Xv- hm-fyw,-- AXv- t\m-¡n¡gn-ªmÂ- Ahn- t]m-sebm-Wv- ss__n-fp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸« BÀ-¡n-tbm-fPn-¡Â-
sS ]dbp-¶p-v,- Keo-en-tbm- ]dªXn-s\ FXnÀ-¯Xv- A¶s¯ Un-k¡ v- hdo-kv- h¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- ss__nÄ- ]dªn-cn-¡p¶ [mcm-
im-kv-{Xtem-Iam-Wv F¶v-.- A¶s¯ im-kv{Xtem-I¯n\v- k` fw- Inw-Kv-Uw-kv,- [m-cm-fw- kn-äo-kv,- [m-cm-fw- Su¬-kv,- F¶p-am{X
bp-sStaÂ- kzm-[o-\w- Dm-bn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-v- k`bnÂ-s]« Bfp- aÃ,- ss__n-fnÂ- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶ hkv-Xp-¡Ä-t]m-epw- Ip-
Isf kzm-[o-\n-¨v- Keo-en-tbm-sb AhÀ- contempt sNbvX - p.- F¶m ]n-Sn-¨p-sh¶p-ÅXm-Wv- hkvX - p-X.- best example: Indus valley civi-
Â- ss__n-fn-s³-d basisÂ- AÃ C§s\bp-Å Im-cy-§sfm-¶pw- lization s\¡p-dn-¨v- ss__nÄ- cn-S¯v- ]cm-aÀ-in-¡p-¶p-v.-
\S¶Xv.- AXp-sIm-v- a\p-jyÀ- AhnsSbpw- Chn-sSbpw- sNbvX Indus valley civilization AsÃ¦nÂ- kn-\v-[p-\Zo-XSkw-kv-Imc
s¯¡p-dn-¨v- kw-km-cn-¡p-¶n-S¯v- t]À-jyÀ- cmPm-hn-s³-d sIm«m- sN¿m³- km-[n-¡pw.- I¼ddn- ssdänw-Kv-kv,- I¼ddn- dntkÀ-
c¯nÂ- \S¡p-¶ Hcp- kw`hs¯ Ip-dn-¨v- ]dbp-¶p.- Im-cWw,- ¨v,- I¼ddn- tPWÂ-kv- AsXÃmw- ImWn-¡p-¶Xv- ss__nÄ-
A¶v- t]À-jy³- cm-Pm-hv- C³-Ukvh - m-en h
- sc `cn-¨n-cp¶p.- AXnÂ- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶ lnkv-ädn- a\p-jyÀ- {]Xo-£n-¨Xn-s\¡mÄ- IqSp-
AhÀ- Im-es¯ \nÀ-Wbn-¡p-hm³- thn- D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ Hcp- XÂ- BIz-tdäv- BWv F-¶p-Å-Xm-W-.v- a\p-jy\v- kz-´w- _p²n-
Ubkv- mention sNbvX - n-«p-v.- AXp-t]m-se Hcp- ssa\À- Bbn«p- sIm-v- Hcp-Im-e¯pw- AXv- Fgp-Xp-hm³- km-[n-¡¯n-Ã.-
Å Im-cyw- B "ssU'-hsc Ip-]n-Sn-¨p-sh¶pÅ hkvX - p-X \n§Ä- ss__n-fn-se BIzn-dkn-sb¡pdn-¨v- F\n-¡v- ]dbm-\p-Å \m-
Adn-ªn-cn-¡Ww.- BÀ-¡n-tbm-fPn- Ign-ª \q-dp-hÀ-jw- sImv- em-as¯ Im-cWw- ss__n-fnÂ- Bbn-c¡W¡n-\v- {]hN\§fp-
ss__n-fn-s\ kt¸mÀ-«v- sNbvX - Xp-t]m-se tem-I¯nÂ- Hcp- {K\v v.- AXnÂ- IÀ-¯m-hm-b tbip-{In-kvX - p-hn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- Bbn-c¯n
Y¯n-\p- t]m-epw- CXpt]m-ep-Å kt¸mÀ«v- claim sN¿m³- km[n- Â- Iq-Sp-XÂ- {]hN\§fp-v.- aäp-]e knäo-kn-s\¡p-dn-¨pw- Su¬-
¡¯n-Ã F¶p-am-{XaÃ,- C¶v- BÀ-¡n-tbm-fPn- ss__n-fp-am-bn- kn-s\¡p-dn-¨pw- kw`h§sf¡p-dn-¨pw- hy-IvX - n-Isf¡p-dn-¨pw- {]h
_\v-[s¸«v Ip-]n-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ B Ip-]n-Sp-¯§sf Kthj N\§fp-v.- Hcp- \q-dp-hÀ-jw-ap-¼v- Fgp-Xn-b _p-Iv-knÂ- Cu- {]h
Ww- sN¿m³- thn- ]cym-]v-Xam-bn-«v- kv-tIm-tfgv-kv- CÃ.- \q-dp N\s¯ ]-e-cpw- hn-aÀ-in-¨n-«p-v.- CXv- kw-`hn-¨n-«n-Ã.......- CXv-
IW¡n\v- BÀ-¡n-tbm-fPn-¡Â- skm-sskäo-kv- Dv.- F¶n-«p-t]m- kw-`hn-¨n-«n-Ã......- CXv- kw-`hn-¨n-«n-Ã.- C¶v- Cu- {]hN\§sf
epw- kv-tIm-tfgv-kv- CÃm-¯Xp-t]m-ep-Å Ip-]n-Sp-¯§fmWv- hn-aÀ-in-s¨gpXp-¶ ]ecp-w- \q-dp-hÀ-jw-ap-¼v- AsÃ¦nÂ- 150 hÀj
h¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- §Ä-¡v- ap-¼v- Fgp-Xs¸« B _p-Iv-knÂ -\n-¶p-Å D²cWn-Ifm-
aq-¶m-aXv-,- ss__n-fn-se historical accuracy.- ss__nÄ- GI Wv- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶sX¶p-Å Im-cyw- Rm³- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡s«.- F¶mÂ-
tZiw- \m-embn-cw- hÀ-j§fnse ln-kvä- dn-bm-Wv- tcJs¸Sp-¯p¶ Ign-ª 50 hÀ-j§fn-se ln-kv-täm-dn-¡Â- dn-tkÀ¨v- sIm-v-
Xv.- Cu- \m-em-bn-cw- hÀ-j§fnÂ- GItZiw- \m-\q-tdm- Aªqtdm- a\Ên-em-b Im-cyw- ss__nÄ- _m-_n-tem-Wn-s\¡p-dn-¨m-sW¦n-
kv-Ye§fnÂ- \S¶ ln-kv-ädn- aq-¶v- `m-jIfn-epw- tcJs¸Sp-¯p- epw- äbdn-s\¡p-dn-¨m-sW¦n-epw- Pdp-ktean-s\¡p-dn-¨m-sW¦nepw-
¶p-.- [m-cm-fw- IÄ-¨dÂ-- lnkvä- dn- ss__nÄ- tcJs¸Sp-¯p-¶pv.- hy-Iv-Xn-Isf¡p-dn-¨m-sW¦n-epw- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶ Imcy-§sfÃmw-
Cu- ln-kv-ädn-sbm-¶pw- Hcp- \q-dp-hÀ-jw -ap-¼p-t]m-epw- a\p-jyÀ¡v- \q-dp-iXam-\w- AXp-t]m-se Xs¶ \n-dthdn-bn-«p-v F¶m-Wv-.-
Adn-b¯n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.- \q-dp-hÀ-jw a- p-¼p-Å ]e _p-Ivk - nÂ- Hm......- Nn-e Im-cy-§Ä- `m-hn-bnÂ- kw-`hn-¡m³- t]m-Ip-¶Xn-s\¡pdn-¨v-
ss__nÄ- C¶Xv- ]dbp-¶p.- DZm-lcW¯n-\v- ^nen-kX v- y-sc Ipdn ss__n-fnÂ- ]dbp-¶p-v.- AXv- CXp-hsc kw-`hn-¨n-«n-Ã.- ImcWw-
¨v- ss__nÄ- ]dbp-¶p-v-: A§s\ Hcp- Pm-Xn- Hcn-¡epw- Dm AXv- `m-hn-bnÂ- kw-`hn-¡m-\p-ÅXm-Wv.- DZm-lcW¯n-\v,- IÀ¯m-
bn-«n-Ã.- AXp-sIm-v- ss__nÄ- Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶ Im-cy-§sfm- hm-b tbip-{In-kvX - p- X¶nÂ- hn-iz-kn-¨v- c£{]m-]n-¨n-«p-Å Hmtcm-
s¡ k¦Â-]am-sW¶v- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- \q-dp-hÀ-jw- ap-¼p-Å Cu- hy-Iv-Xn-sbbpw- Xs³-d ASp-¯v- dnk-o-hv- sN¿m³- thn- a[ymIm-
]p-kvX - Iw- hm-bn-¨n-«v- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-äm-nÂ- ]ecpw- AtXImcy§ i¯nÂ- hcp-sa¶p-Å Hcp- {]hN\w- ss__n-fn-ep-v.- CXv- \S¶n
Ä- BhÀ-¯n-¨v- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- Hm.....- ^nen-kvX - yÀ- F¶p-]dbp¶ «n-Ã.- Im-cWw- AXn-\v- kabam-bn-«n-Ã.- AXv- `m-hnbnÂ- \S¡m-\p-
Hcp- Pm-Xn-sb¸än- ss__n-fnÂ- ]dªn-«p-v.- A§s\sbm-cp- Å Im-cy-am-Wv.-
Pm-Xn-sb Ip-]n-Sn-¨n-«n-sÃ¶v- C¶- ]pkv-XI¯nÂ- Fgp-Xn-bn«p- A©m-as¯ Im-cyw.- C¶v- Cu- tem-I¯v- [mcm-fw- aX{K\v-Y
v.- {^v-kv-...- Hcp hy-Iv-Xn- Hcp- hnjbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- KthjWw- §fp-v.- ss__n-fn\v- ap-s¼gp-Xn-b aX{K\v-Y§fp-v.- tijw-
sN¿p-Ibm-sW¦nÂ- teäkv-äv- hm-bn-¨n-cn-¡Ww.- \q-dp-hÀ-jw-ap¼v- Fgp-Xn-bhbp-ap-v.- F¶mÂ- CXnÂ- Hcp- aX{K\v-Y¯n-\p-t]m-
Fgp-Xs¸« _p-¡v- hm-bn-¨n-«v- F\n¡pw- [m-cm-fw- Im-cy-§Ä- claim- epw- tUm-Iyp-sa³-ddn- Fhn-U³-kv- ss__n-fn-\v- DÅXp-t]m-sebn-
Ã. Hcp- dn-eo-Pn-b\pw- CÃ.- ss__n-fn-s³-d BZy-s¯ ]p-kv-XIw- sS sXfn-hv- C§s\ A©v- Im-cy-§-tf- Rm³- C¶v- ]dbm³-
DÂ-]¯n- GItZiw- \m-em-bn-cw- hÀ-jw a- p-¼v- Fgp-Xs¸«p.- emkväv- B{Kln-¡p-¶p-Åq.- tlm-W-kv-äv- Bbn-«v-, kn³kn-bÀ- Bbn-«v,-
_p-¡v- cm-bn-cw- hÀ-jw-ap-¼v- Fgp-Xs¸«p.- A§s\ 66 _p-Ivkn- F³Iz-bdn- ssat³-dm-sS Bsc¦n-epw- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-
s³-d Hcp- kam-lm-cam-Wv.- Cu- 66 _p-Iv-kn-s³-d 25,-000 am-\p-kv{In- IXsb¡p-dn¨v- a\Ên-em-¡m³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p-sh¦nÂ- Cu-
]v-äv- C¶v- existanceÂ- Dv- F¶ Im-cyw- \n-§Ä- Adnªncn¡ A©v- sXfn-hp-IÄ- ]cym-]v-Xam-Wv.-
Ww.- Especially- ss__n-fn-s³-d Cu- Ir-Xy-Xsb XÅn-¸dbm³- \n-§Ä- ]dsª¶n-cn-¡pw- but- tUm.- tPm¬-k¬- Cu- A©v-
thn- C§s\bp-Å Im-cy-§Ä- ad¨p-sh¡pI-bm-Wv- Fgp-¯p- hn-jb§fn-epw- problems Ds¶v- ]ecpw- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-tÃm-.
ImÀ-.- AXp-sIm-v- Fs³-d {^vvk - v- Hcp- {]m-hiyw-Iq-Sn- Adnªn- DÆv! Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- \n-§Ä- Nnet¸mÄ- Ht¶m- ctm- _p-Ivtk
cn-¡Ww.- {In-kvX - ym-\n-bpw- ap-kve- n-apw- Adn-ªn-cn-¡Ww.- ss__n- In-«p-Åq.- R§fp-sS sse{_dn-bn-te¡v- hcq.- R§fp-sS
fn-s³-d 25,000 am-\p-kv-{In-]v-äv- C¶v- e`y-am-Wv.- Bbn-c¡W¡n-\v- I¿nÂ Bbn-c¡W¡n-\-v _p-Ik -v n-s³-d IfIvj
- ³-kp-.v - {In-kX
v y
kv-tIm-tfgv-kv- Cu- hn-jb¯nÂ- KthjWw- sNbv-Xn-«p-t]m-epw- ³- Iayq-Wn-än-¡v- Cu- hn-jb§sf¡p-dn-¨v- hfsc Xp-d¶ kao]\
Cu- am-\p-kv{- In-]vä- v- completely exhaust sN¿m³-thn-bpÅ man am-Wv-; F¶p-am{XaÃ R§fp-sS Xn-tbm-fPn-bnÂ- Hcp- k_v-PIvSv-
power CÃ.- AXp-t]m-se ss__n-fn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- am-\p-kv-{In-]v-äv- Xs¶bm-Wv- apologetics F¶v- ]dbp-¶Xv.- Apologetics F¶v-
Fhn-U³-kv- C¶p-v.- ]dªp- Ign-ªmÂ- ss__n-fn-s³-d scientific accuracy.- AXnÂ-
CXn-\mÂ- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IXsb¡p-dn-¨v- NÀ-¨ sN¿p- Fw.Fkv. -kn,- ]n.-F¨v.Un, Un-{Ko-kv- available BWv.- R§fpsS
t¼mÄ- \½Ä- Hm-tcm-cp-¯cpw- a\Ên-em-¡n-bn-cn-t¡ [m-cm-fw- ss__nÄ- kvI - q-fpw- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p-v.- kb³-kv- background DÅ
Im-cy-§Ä- ]dbm³- km-[n-¡p-sa¦n-epw- Cu- A©v- t]m-bn³-dpIÄ- hcm-WnXv- ]Tn-¡m-³- hcp-¶Xv.- Gähpw- sslPo-\n-bÊp-Ifm-bn«p
a\Ên-em-¡n- AXn-Â- Hcp- t]m-bn-s³-d¦n-epw- hy-Iv-Xam-bn-«v- ]cn- Åhcm-Wv- Cu- ôÂ-UnÂ- hcp-¶Xv.- AXp-sIm-v- Cu- hnjb
tim-[n-¨p- t\m-¡nbmÂ- hkv-Xp-X Fs´¶v- \n§Ä-¡v- a\kn- s¯¡p-dn-¨v- Hcp- palmphlet kÀ-¡p-teäv- sNbv-XXv- CsXm-¶pw-
emIp-¶Xm-Wv.- a\p-jy-s³-d ssI CÃm-sX,- a\p-jy-s³-d _p-²n- R§Ä- In«n-Ã,-- AXp-sIm-v- R§Ä-¡v- sXän-²m-cWbm-sW
bÃm-sX,- AsÃ¦nÂ- a\p-jy-s³-d _p²n-¡v- AXo-Xam-b Hcp- ¶v- \n-§Ä- Nnń-¡cp-Xv.- t\scadn-¨v- R§Ä- Cu- hnjb§Ä-
_p-²n- þ kÀ-hPv-Rm-\n-bpw- kÀ-hhym]n-bp-am-b ssZhw- inspire hfsc UossäÂ- Bbn-«v- Un-kv-Ikv- sN¿p-¶p-v.- Hm-tcm- hnjb
sNbv-Xv- Fgp-Xn-¸n-¨ _p-¡v- BsW¶p-ÅXn-s³-d hy-Iv-Xam-b s¯¡p-dn-¨pw- KthjWw- sNbv-Xv- {]_\v-[§Ä- FgpXp-¶p-v.-
sXfn-hm-WXv.- AXnÂ- Nn-eXv- Rm³- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡s«.- Especially Cu- hnjbs¯
H¶v)-- ss__n-fn-s³-d scientific accuracy.- ¡p-dn-¨v- aebmf¯nÂ- _p-Ivk - v- t\m-¡n-bt¸mÄ- C¶v- aebm-f¯n-
cv-)-- ss__n-fn-s³-d archeological accuracy.- ep-Å Gähpw- comprehensive Bbn-«p-Å _p-¡v- Fs³-d Zr-jv-Sn-
bnÂ -s]«Xv- Cu- Im-Wp-¶ _p-¡m-Wv- "ss__n-fns³d ssZhn-
aq-¶v-)-- ss__n-fn-s³-d historical accuracy.- IX hn-aÀ-i\§Ä- hkv-Xp-XIÄ-'-.- CXnÂ-\n-¶v- At©m- Btdm-
\m-ev-)-- ss__n-fn-s³d prophetic accuracy. Im-cy-§Ä- am-{XsaSp¯v- \n§sf Im-Wn-¡m³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p.-
A©v-)- ss__n-fn-s³-d manuscript evidence.- Hm-¸¬- ssat³-dm-sS CXv- ssIIm-cyw- sN¿m³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p-
Hcp -{]m-hiyw-Iq-Sn- ]dbmw.- im-kv-{X]cam-b Ir-Xy-X,- ]p-cm- s¦nÂ- \n-§Ä- ]dtª¨mÂ- aXn.- AXn-\p-thn-bpÅ Hmtcm-
hkvXp-]cam-b Ir-Xy-X,- ln-kv-täm-dn-¡em-b Ir-Xy-X,- {]hN\ hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨p-apÅ dn-kÀ-¨v- t]¸À- tPÀ-Wen-s³-d t^m-t«m-
]cam-b Ir-Xy-X,- am-\p-kv-{In-]v-äv- AsÃ¦nÂ- Is¿gp-¯v- {]XnIfp- tIm-¸n- kln-Xw- \n§Ä¡v- Ab¨v- Xcp-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.-
\¼À- H-¶v-.- ss__nÄ- Pn-tbm-ssk³-dn-¡m-bn-«p-Å Hcp- Bkv- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶p.- AXn-s\ XÅn-¸dª Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn-sb \n§Ä-
t{Sm-Wan-sb¡p-dn-¨v- ]dbp-¶p.- AXn-s\ Keo-en-sbm- oppose sNbv ap-ke -v n-am-bn-«-v AwKo-Icn-¡p-tam?- adp-]Sn- ]dtb BhiytabnÃ.-
X-Xv- sIm-m-Wv- k` in-£n-¨sX¶v.- Keo-en-tbm-sb oppose sNbv- adp-]Sn- R§Ä-s¡Ãmw- Adn-bp-¶ Im-cy-am-Wv.- \n§Ä¡v- Xs¶
XXv- k`bÃm-bn-cp-¶p.- A¶s¯ kb³-dn-^n-Iv- Iayq-Wn-än-bmbn- Adn-bpw.- kXy- ap-kv-enw-kv- X§fm-sW¶v- ss¢w- sN¿p-¶ JmZn-
cp¶p.- F¶mÂ- kv-Ym-]n-X XmÂ-]cy-ap-ÅhÀ- Keo-en-tbmsb- k` bm-\n-Isf AsÃ¦nÂ- Alv-aZn-Isf \n-§Ä- ap-kv-enw-km-bn-«v- ac-
oppose- sNbv-Xp-sh¶v- Fgp-Xn- Fgp-Xn- B \p-WIsf hn-iz-kn¸n cept sN¿p-tam? -\n-§Ä- X½nep-ff ISn-]n-Sn,-- \n-§Ä- X½n-ep-Å
¨n-«p-v.- Rm³- ]dbp-¶Xv- hn-iz-kn-¡.- kv-äm-t³-dÀ-Uv- Bbn«p- Aäm-¡v- C³-dÀ-s\än-eq-sS hfsc hy-Iv-Xam-bn-«v- R§Ä- Im-Wmdp-
Å GXv- F³-sskt¢m-]o-Un-b BsW¦n-epw- AXnÂ- Keo-entbm v.- AhÀ- \n-§sf Aäm-¡v- sNbv-Xv- [m-cm-fw- Im-cy-§Ä- FgpXm-
Keo-en- F¶ k_v-PIv-Sv- t\m-¡p-I.- AXn-\v- Fs³-d slÂ¸v dp-v.- AhÀ- Fgp-Xp-¶Xv- AsÃ¦nÂ- kÂ-am³- dpjv-Zn- Fgp-Xnb
th.- \n-§Ä¡v- CjvS- ap-Å F³-sskt¢m-]o-Un-b FSp-¯v- t\m- D²cWn- Rm-s\Sp-¯v- \n-§fp-sS against use sNbv-XmÂ- \n-§Ä-
¡mw.- Ahn-sS ]dbp-¶ Im-cyw:- Keo-en-tbm-sb FXnÀ-¯Xv- A¶ s¡§s\ tXm-¶pw?-. AXp-t]m-seXs¶ CXn-s³d AI¯p-Å
s¯ kb³-dn-^n-Iv- Iayq-Wn-än-bm-bn-cp-¶p-,- church AÃ.- kb³dn D²cWn- sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-Å Hcp- ]Wv-Un-X³- sdbv-av- {_u¬-
^n-Iv- Iayq-Wn-än- {]jssdkv- sNbv-XXp-sIm-v- NÀ-¨v- BIv-j³- F¶ ss__n-fn-s\ XÅn-¸dª Hcp- a\p-jy-\m-Wv.- {In-kvX - ym\n-
FSp-s¯t¶bp-Åq.- bÃ.- Rm³- Cu- Im-cyw- CXn-\p-ap-¼pw- point out sNbv-Xn-«pÅXm
cv.- Cu- ]p-kv-XI¯nÂ- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶ Hcp- kv-tääv-sa³dm- Wv.- A§s\bp-Å Hcp- D²cWn- FSp-¯p-Ign-ªmÂ- BÀ-¡v-
Wv- A\n-aÂ-kv- FÃmw- shPn-tädn-b³-kv Bbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v- ss_ F´p-thWsa¦n-epw- sXfn-bn-¡mw.- F\n-¡v,-- JmZn-bm-\n-IÄ- Fgp-
_nÄ- ]dbp-¶p- F¶Xv.- AsXm-cp- imkv-{X hkv-Xp-XbÃ.- imkv- Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶tXm,-- ap-kve - nw-kn-s³-d CS¡v- C¶v- 24 {Kq¸vk
- m-WpÅ
{Xs¯¡p-dn-¨v- Hcp- hy-IXv- n- ]dbp-t¼mÄ- im-k{v- Xw- F´v- ]dªp- Xv; Cu- {Kq-¸vk - v- Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶ enätd¨tdm-- FSp-¯v- Cu-knbm-
sh¶p-Å KthjWw- \S¯n-bn-«p-thWw- Fgp-Xm³.- bn-«v- \n-§Ä- ]dbp-¶Xv- sXäm-sW¶v- sXfn-bn-¡mw.- CsXm-¶pw-
Rm³- Cu- ]p-kv-XI¯n-s³-d (ss_-_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-I-X- ignorant AÃ.- C³-dÀ-s\änÂ- ap-kve - nw-kn-s\ oppose- sN¿p-¶ aäv-
hn-aÀ-i-\-§Ä- h-kv-Xp-X-IÄ)- emkv-än-ep-Å d^d³-kp-IÄ- t\m- ap-kv-enw-kv- especially Jm-Zn-bm-\n-IÄ- [m-cm-fw- sh_v-sskäp-IÄ-
¡pIbm-bn-cp-¶p.- 38 _p-Iv-kv- BWv- CXnÂ- sa³-j³ sNbv-Xn-cn- kvY- m-]n-¨n-«p-v.- AsXm-¶v- hm-bn-¨v- Ign-ªmÂ- C¡m-cy-§sfÃmw-
¡p-¶Xv.- AXnÂ- Ft«m- ]t¯m- ss__n-fn-s³-d {Sm³-kvtej³- \n-§Ä-¡v- a\Ên-em-Ipw.-
km-Wv.- _m-¡n-bp-Å 20 _p-Iv-knÂ- Hä Hcp- kb³-dn-^n-Iv- _p-Iv- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IXsb tNm-Zyw- sN¿p-¶ Cu- {K\vY
kn-s³-d d^d³-kn-Ã.- {In-kv-Xy³- Iayq-Wn-än-bnÂ- hen-b FPyp ¯nÂ- ss__nÄ- B³-dv- kb³-kp-am-bn-«v- _\v-[s¸« Häsbmcp-
t¡js\m-¶p-an-Ãm-¯hcp-sS,-- AsÃ¦nÂ- bm-sXm-cp- _m-Iv-{Ku- _p-¡-n-s³-d t]m-epw- d^d³-kv- CÃ.- Rm³- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-ÅXnÂ-
pw- CÃm-¯hcp-sS _pIv-knÂ-\n-¶m-Wv- CXnÂ- D²cWn-IÄ- Gähpw- simple Bb _p-Iv-km-Wv- ss__nÄ- B³-dv- kb³kv.-
sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- ]n-s¶ FPyp-t¡j³- DÅhcp-ap-v.- sdbv- Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn- hkv-Xp-X Adn-bm³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p-sh¦nÂ,-- B
av- C- {_u¬- F¶p- ]dªbm-fp-sS D²cWn-IÄ- Cu- ]p-kv hy-IvXn- KthjW at-\m-`m-ht¯m-sS Cd§n-¡gn-ªmÂ- Cu-
XI¯nÂ- [m-cm-fw- sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-v.- Bcm-Wv- sdbv-av- {_u¬- _p-Iv-skm-¶pw- In-«m³- Hcp- {]bm-khp-an-Ã.- {In-kv-Xy³- _p-Iv-kv-
F¶p-ÅXv- Rm-s\m-¶v- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡s«.- Fs³-d ap-ke v- nw- kp-lr¯p- tjm-¸nÂ- t]m-bn-¡gn-ªmÂ- \q-dp-IW¡n-\v- _p-Iv-kp-v.- Rm³-
¡tfmSv- Rm³- Hcp- Im-cyw- tNm-Zn-¡m³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p.- JpÀB³- Cu- Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv- F«mw- ¢m-kv- sehenÂ- BWv.- sSIv-\n-
AÃm-lp-hn-¦Â-\n-¶v- AhXoÀ-Wam-bXm-sW¶p-ÅXnÂ- \n-§Ä- ¡Â- sehen-epw- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- F¶mÂ- \n-§Ä-¡v- thXv-
Pkv-äv- \n§Ä- Adn-ªn-cn-¡Ww.- F«mw- ¢m-kv- sehÂ- sXm«v- Cw-¥o-jnÂ- Cu- Un-t_änÂ- participate sN¿m-¯Xv.- aghn-Ãns\
]n.F¨v.-Un- sehÂ- hsc Rm³- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- C§s\ Bbn- ¡p-dn-¨v- ss__n-fnÂ- ]dbp-¶Xv- t\m-lbp-sS Pe{]fbw- Ign-
c¡W¡n-\v- {In-kv-Xy³- kb³-kv- _p-Iv-kv- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- C§ ªm-Wv- aghnÃv- - {]Xy-£s¸«sX¶m-Wv-.- AXv- im-kv-{Xo-b an-kv-
s\bp-Å Häsbmcp- _p-¡n-s³-d D²cWn-t]m-epw- CXn-Â- FSp¯n- tä¡v- BWv.- Cu- kvt- äävs- a³-dvk - v- Hs¡ Fgp-Xp-¶Xn\v- ap-¼v- Hcp-
sÃ¶ Im-cyw- Rm³- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡s«.- AXnÂ-\n-¶v- a\Ên-em-¡mhp- {]m-hiy-sa¦n-epw- Cu- hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- \S¶ KthjW§Ä-
¶Xv- ss__n-fn-s³d ssZhn-IXsb tNm-Zyw- sNbv-Xv- Fgp-Xp-¶ H¶v- C³-dÀ-s\änÂ- dn-tkÀ-¨v- sNbv-Xp-Ign-ªmÂ- a\Ên-emtb
Bfp-Ifp-sS,- AhcpsS KthjW¯n-s³-d depth F{Xbm-sW¶p- s\.- Hm-kv-{Sn-bbn-ep-Å,- ^nkn-Iv-knÂ- ]n.-F¨v.-Un- sNbvX tUm.-
ÅXm-Wv.- ss__nÄ- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶p.- P´p-¡Ä- .... P´p-¡fp- tPm-k^v- U-nt- Ãm- 30 hÀ-jw-ap-¼v- Cu- hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- dn-tkÀ¨v-
sS shPn-tädn-b\n-kw-....-creation research society quarterly ]¯p- sNbv-Xv- Aªq-tdm-fw- t]Pv- sskkv- hcp-¶ Hcp- ]pkv-XIhpw-
hÀ-jw-ap-¼v- Cu- hnjbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- dn-kÀ-¨v- t]¸À- ]»n-jv- sNbv- ap-¶q-tdm-fw- t]Pv- sskkv- hcp-¶ Hcp- ]p-kvX - Ihpw- ]»n-jv- sNbv-
Xn-«p-v.- kXym-t\zjn-Ifm-Wv- \n-§sf¦nÂ- \n-§Ä- contact sN XXm-Wv.- Ofcourse -Hcp- hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- dn-tkÀ¨v- sNbv-XXv-
¿p-I.- dn-kÀ-¨v- t]¸À- Ab¨p-Xcmw.- KthjWsam-¶pw- sN¿msX In-«n-sÃ¦nÂ-]n-s¶ \m-Nz-den- CKvt- \m-d³-knÂ-\n¶v- Fgp-Xnsb
\q-dp-hÀ-jw- ap-¼pÅ _p-Ivk - v- FSp-¯n-«v- Fgp-Xs¸« _p-Ivk - v- AÃ ¶n-cn-¡pw.- t\m-lbp-sS Pe{]fbw- Ign-ªv- Xs¶bm-Wv- aghnÃv-
AXv. t\scadn¨v- latest scientific data D]tbm-Kn-¨v- dn-kÀ-¨v- {]Xy-£s¸«sX¶v- AXv- F´p-sIm-m-Wv- A§s\ kw-`hn¨
sNbvXv- im-kv{- XPvR·mÀ- ]cn-tim-[n-¨v- approve sNbvX dn-kÀ¨v- sX¶p-ÅXv- Hcp- {]m-hiyw I - q-Sn- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡s«.- Hm-kv{- Sn-bbn-epÅ,-
t]¸dm-Wv-.- ^n-knIv-knÂ- ]n.F¨v.-Un-bp-Å tUm.- tPm-k^v- U-n-tÃm- CXns\
kÀ-¸w- s]m-Sn- Xn-¶p-¶Xn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- CXn-\Is¯m-cp- dn-kÀ¨v- ¡p-dn-¨v- cv- _p-¡pw- {In-kv-Xy³- Iayq-Wn-än-bnÂ- aäv- ]ecpw-
Dv.- hfsc Uo-säÂ-Uv- Bbn-«v- dn-tkÀ-¨v- sNbvX - n-«p-v.- kÀ¸¯n- CXn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- 25Hm-fw- _p-Iv-kpw- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- Hm-tcm- hnj
\v- s]mSn- `£Wam-bn-«v- sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶Ã ]dªn-cn¡p- bs¯¡p-dn-¨v- CXp-t]m-se Uo-ssäÂ- Bbn-«m-Wv- {In-kv-Xy³-
¶Xv.- kÀ-¸w- s]m-Sn- Xn-¶p-¶p- F¶m-Wv- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- kÀ- Iayq-Wn-än- dn-tkÀ-¨v- sNbv-Xn-«p-ÅXv.-
¸w- s]m-Sn- Xn¶m-dp-s¶v- Xs¶ Ip-]n-Sn-¨n-«p-v.- AXn-s\¡p- AXn-sâIq-sS Hcp- Im-cyw- ]dbs«.- t\m-lbp-sS Pe{]fb¯nÂ-
dn-¨v- dn-tkÀ-¨v- t]t¸gv-kp-v.- XmÂ-]cy-ap-tm?- write to me. I Dm-b s]«Is¯¡p-dn-¨v- F{Xsb{X dn-tkÀ-¨v- t]t¸gvkmWv-
will sent it to you. {In-tbj³- dn-tkÀ-¨v- skm-sskän- IzmÀ-«À-en-bnÂ- ]»njv- sNbv
Rain bow... what is the malayalam for the rain bow... aghn- Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- ^n-kn-Ik -v n-epw- am-¯am-än-Ik -v n-ep-sam-s¡ Fw.Fkv.kn-
Ãn-s\¡p-dn-¨v-,- £an-¡Ww.- aebm-fw- Fs³-d am-Xr-`m-jbÃ.- _m-Iv{- Ku-v- Ds¦nÂ- am{Xsa AsXm-s¡ a\Ên-em-I¯pÅq.-
Rm³- hfsc struggle sNbv-Xm-Wv- \n-§tfm-Sv- kw-km-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- AXp-t]m-se AUv-hm-³-kv-Uv- Bbn-«p-Å hÀ-¡mWv- {In-kv-Xy³-
Fs³-d am-Xr-`m-j ln-µn-bm-Wv.- Rm³- life long a[y-{]tZin-em- Iayq-Wn-än- sN¿p-¶Xv.- AÃm-sX Cu- hn-jb§sfm-¶pw- Pkv-äv-
bn-cp-¶p.- \n-§tfm-Sv- kw-km-cn-¡m³- thn- hfsc B{Klapm- hn-«v- Hm-Sp-IbÃ.- tNm-Zn-¡p-¶ tNm-Zy-§Ä-s¡m-s¡ R-§Ä- adp]Sn-
bn-cp-¶Xp-sIm-v- hfsc struggle sNbv-Xm-Wv- kw-km-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- ]dbp-¶p-v.- ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶p-v.- adp-]Sn- ]dbpw.- Nn-e ktlmZ
AXp-sIm-v- F\n-¡v- sXäp-]än-bmÂ.....-- language s³-d Im-cy- c§Ä- Nn-cn-¡p-¶p.- \n-§Ä- HmÀ-s¯¶n-cn¡pw- Rm³- Chn-sS ]Tn-
¯nÂ- thÀ-Uvk - v- In-«n-bn-sÃ¦nÂ- £an-¡Ww.- Cw-¥o-jnÂ- kwkm- ¯s¯,- kvt- Im-fÀ-en- sehen-s\ Im-Wn-¡m\m-sW¶v- A§s\bÃ.-
cn-¡m-sa¶v- Rm³- CXn-\p-ap-¼v- ]e{]m-hiyw- Hm^À- sNbv-Xn-«p- R§Ä- FÃm- sehenÂ- DÅhÀ-¡p-thn-bpw- Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.-
ÅXm-Wv.- C¶p-hsc Bcpw- X¿m-dm-Im-¯Xp-sIm-m-Wv- Rm³- hen-b FPyp-t¡j³- H¶p-an-Ãm-¯ sehenÂ- DÅhÀ-¡p-thn-
am-{Xsa Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-Åq- F¶ sXän-²m-cW BÀ-s¡¦n-ep-aps ss__nÄ- accurate- Bbn- ]dbp-¶p-s¶Xv- sXfn-bn-¨p-Ignª
¦nÂ- AXv- sXän-²m-cWbm-sW¶v- ImWn-¡m³-thn-bm-W-v Rm³- Xm-Wv.- AXv- Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn- In-sÃ¦nÂ- AXn-\v- Rm³- sdkvt]m
Cu- Im-cyw- FSp-¯p-]dªXv.- R§Ä- FÃm- sehenep-Å Bfp- ¬-kn-_n-fÃ.- Cu- ]p-kv-XI¯nÂ- AXÃm-sX Ip-sdtbsd ss_
IÄ-¡p-thn-bpw- Fgp-Xn-bn«p-v.- _n-fn-s³-d inaccuracies ]dªn-«p-v.- Rm³- Cu- sample am-{Xw-
ASp-¯Xm-bn-«v- Hcp- kvt- äävs- a³-dm-Wv- "kq-cy³- BIm-i¯ns³d ]dªXv- Ht¶m- ctm- sample t\m-¡n-¡gn-ªmÂ- Hcp- ]pkvX
Hcp- tImÀ-WdnÂ-\n-¶v- asäm-cp- tImÀ-WÀ- hsc Ka\w- sN¿psa¶v- I¯n-s³-d sehepw- AXn-ep-Å kvt- Im-fÀ-jn-¸pw- AXn-s³-d accu
ss__nÄ- ]dbp-¶p-v- F¶Xv.- AXv- Hcp- A_²am-Wv'- F¶v,- racy-bpw- a\Ên-em-¡m-\p-ÅtXbp-Åq F-¶v- k-aÀ-°n-¡m-\m-Wv-.-
- kb³-kn-s³-d Fen-sa³-ddn- _m-Iv-{Ku-p-Å Bfp-IÄ-¡v- Adn- Cu- ]p-kv-XI¯nÂ- dn-¸o-äv- sNbv-Xv- ]dbp-¶ Hcp- Im-cy-am-Wv-
bm-hp-¶ Im-cy-am-Wv.- - kq-cy³- Hcp- tImÀ-WdnÂ-\n-¶v- asäm-cp- tImÀ- ss__nÄ- A§s\-- ]dbp-¶p,- ss__nÄ- C§s\ ]dbp-¶p.-
WÀ-hsc GItZiw- 30 In-tem-ao-äÀ- s]À- sk¡³-dv- kv-]o-UnÂ- Rm³- CXn-\p-ap-¼v- t]m-bn³-dv- Hu-«v- sNbv-Xn-«p-Å Hcp- Im-cy-amWv-
Ka\w- sN¿p-¶p-v F¶Xv-.- CXv- Hcp- im-kv-{X hkv-Xp-Xbm-Wv.- ss__nÄ- aq-¶v- `m-jIfnÂ- Fgp-Xs¸« 66 _p-Iv-kn-s³-d IfIv-
AXv- In-«n-Ã F¶v- Bsc¦n-epw- \Sn-¨mÂ- AsÃ¦nÂ- Hcp- hyIv- j³- BWv-.- AXnÂ- en-ädÂ- Bbn-«v,- AsÃ¦nÂ- BIv-jcn-Iam-
Xn- In-«n-sÃ¦nÂ- AXn-\v- Rm³- responsible AÃ.- bn-«p-Å expessions Dw- Dv.- AsÃ¦nÂ- Be¦m-cn-Iam-bn-«p-Å
ISp-Iv- aWn-sb¡p-dn-¨v- Hcp- H_v-sPIv-j³- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶p.- ]Z{]tbm-K§fp-ap-v.- ss__n-fnÂ- GItZiw- 750 Be¦m-cnI
ISp-Iv- aWn- `q-an-bn-se Gähpw- sNdn-b ko-Uv- AsÃ¶v.- Gähpw- {]tbm-K§fp-v.- Cu- Be¦m-cn-I {]tbm-K§Ä- am-{Xw- ]Tn¡p-
sNdn-b ko-Uv- BsW¶v- ss__nÄ- ]dbp-¶n-Ã.- ss__n-fn-s³d hm³- thn-bp-Å Un-Iv-jv-Wdn-bm-Wv- CXv-.- Cu- Be¦m-cn-I
BZn-aIm-e¯v- AsÃ¦nÂ- ssUt\m-kÀ- bp-K¯n-ep-Å {Sm³kv {]tbm-Kw- FSp-¯n-«v- AXn-s\ A£cmÀ-Y¯nÂ- hym-Jym-\n-¨mÂ-
tej³-skm-s¡ hm-bn-¨p-Ign-ªmÂ- especially Ahchcp-sS am AÀYw- A\À-Yam-Ip-sa¶p-ÅXv- GXv- hyIv-Xn-¡pw- Adn-bm-hp¶
Xr-`m-j AÃm-¯ emwtKz-Pv-kn-ep-Å {Sm³-kv-tej³-kv- hm-bn-¨v- Xm-Wv.- GXv- kv-IqÄ- Ip-«n-¡pw- Adn-bm-hp-¶ Im-cy-am-Wv.- Cu- ]p
C§s\bp-Å an-kv-täIv-kv- hcm-hp-¶Xm-Wv.- A¶s¯ Ime¯v- kv-XI¯nÂ- ]dªn-cn-¡p-¶ ]e kv-tääv-sa³-dv-kpw- ss__n-fn-
Ir-jn-¡p-thn- D]tbmKw- sN¿s¸« kky-§fnÂ- Gähpw- sNdn- ep-Å Be¦m-cn-I kv-tääv-sa³-dv-kv- FSp-¯n-«v- AXn-s\ A£cmÀ-
bXm-sW¶p-Å Im-cy-am-Wv- IÀ-¯m-hm-b tbip-{In-kv-Xp- AhnsS Y¯nÂ- hy-m-Jym-\n-¨n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- A§s\ hym-Jym-\n-¨v- BÀ
]dªXv.- AsXm-cp- hkvX - p-Xbm-W.v - sXfn-bn-¡s¸« hkvXp-XbmWv.- ¡v- F´v- thWsa¦n-epw- hym-Jym-\n-¡m³- km-[n-¡pw.- CXv- B
so what is the problem? ]p-kv-XI¯n-s³-d B[n-Im-cn-IXsb Im-Wn-¡p-¶XÃ.- AXn-s\
2Õr F¶ AsÃ¦nÂ- Õr2 F¶ kÀ-¡n-fp-am-bn- _\v-[s¸«v- tNm-Zyw- sN¿p-Ibm-Wv.- Pkv-äv- Hcp- {]m-hiy-sa¦n-epw- ^n-tKgv-kv-
CXn-s³-d AI-s¯m-cp- ]cm-aÀ-iap-v.- ss__nÄ- Õbp-sS hmeyp- Hm-^v- kv-]o-¨v- C³- Zn- ss__nfnÂ-\n-¶p-Å Im-cyw- H¶v- t\m¡n-
accurate-bn-«v- Im-Wn-¨n-«n-sÃ¶v.- Institute for Creation Research bXm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¦nÂ- Cu- Be¦m-cn-I {]tbm-K§sf Be¦mcn-
Hcp- t]¸À- ]»n-jv- sN¿m-dp-v.- B t]¸dn-s³-d t]cv- impact Iam-bn-«p- hym-Jym-\n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- ]Icw- A£cmÀ-Y¯nÂ- hymJym-
t]¸À- F¶m-Wv.- \n-§Ä-¡mÀ-s¡¦n-epw- XmÂ-]cy-ap-s¦nÂ,- \n-¨v- AÀ-Yw- A\À-Yam-¡n- kXym-t\z-jn-Isf I¬-^yq-kv- sNt¿
\n-§fnÂ- Bsc¦n-epw- Hcp- kXym-t\z-jn- Ds¦nÂ- Fs¶ con- Cu- knkv-äw- hc¯n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.-
tact sN¿p-I.- Rm³- Hcp- tIm-¸n- \n-§Ä-¡v- CþsabnÂ- Bbnt«m- thsd [m-cm-fw kvt- äävs- a³-dk
v- v- Cu- _p-¡n-ep-.v- - Rm³- AXn\v-
t^m-t«m- tIm-¸n-bm-bn-t«m- Ab¨p-Xcmw.- CXv- C¶Ã,- 30 hÀjw- adp-]Sn- ]dªmÂ- \n-§fnÂ- ]eÀ-¡pw- A]am-\w- tXm-¶pw.- Imc
ap-¼v- Cu- hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- dn-tkÀ-¨v- sNbvXv- Õbp-sS hm-eyp- Ww- B sehen-em-Wv- AXv- Fgp-Xs¸«Xv.- {In-kv-Xy³- IayqWnän-
Cu- hn-jbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- [m-cm-fw- dntkÀ-¨v- sNbv-Xn-«p-v.- Pkväv- FSp-¯v- \n-§sf A]am-\n-¨mÂ- AsÃ¦nÂ- \n-§sf tNm-Zyw-
Hcp- ]p-kX v- Iw- Rm³- \n-§sf Im-Wn-¡mw.- F³-sskt¢m-]oUnb sNbv-XmÂ- AXv- Fs³-d ]m-Wv-Un-Xy-¯n-s³-d e£WamtWm-
_n-»n-¡Â- Fd-kn.- ss__n-fn-ep-Å A_²§Ä- F¶p-Å AtXm- \n-§sf Rm³- a\x-]qÀ-hw- Aäm-¡v- sN¿m³-thn- {ian-
hnjbs¯¡p-dn-¨v- KthjWw- sNbv-Xv- produce sNbv-X one ¡p-Ibm-tWm- F¶p-ÅXv- ktlm-Zc·mÀ- H¶v- Nn-ń-t¡XmWv.-
volume encyclopaeida. C§s\ Hcp- volume sXm«v- 20 hm-eyw- A©v- an-\n-«p -Iq-Sn- F\n-¡v- kw-km-cn-¡m-\p-v.- F¶mÂ-
hscbp-Å F³-sskt¢m-]o-Un-bIÄ- {In-kvX - y³- Iayp-Wn-än- s{]m- kXym-t\z-jn-bm-b Bsc¦n-ep-ap-s¦nÂ- B hy-Iv-Xn-¡v- Hcp-
Uyq-kv- sNbv-Xn-«p-v.- Cu- ]p-kv-XI¯n-ep-Å \q-dp-IW¡n-\v- UbdIv-j³- sIm-Sp-¡m³-thn-bp-Å Im-cy-§Ä- Rm³- ]dªp-
kvtäävs- a³-dvk- v- already sNbvX
- n-«p-Å hÀ-¡n-t\m-Sv- compare sNbv- Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.- tImw-{_nsl³-ko-hv- Bbn-«v- ]dbm³- ChnsS
Xp-Ign-ªmÂ- shdpw- t\gv-kdn- sehÂ- hÀ-¡m-Wv.- Cu- _p-Iv-kv- kaban-Ã.- 40 an-\p-«v- ]cym-]v-XaÃ.- R§Ä- Cu- hn-jbw- GXmv-
hm-bn-¨n-«m-Wv- ss__n-fnsâ- B[n-Im-cn-IXsb \n-§Ä- tNmZyw- 180 aWn-¡qÀ-sIm-m-Wv- IhÀ- sN¿p-¶Xv.- ss__nÄ- B³-dv-
sN¿p-¶sX¦nÂ- AXn-\p-ap-¼v- Hcp- Im-cyw- ]dbs«.- please do kb³-kv- F¶p-ÅXv.- F¶mÂ- kXym-t\z-jn-bm-sc¦n-ep-ap-s¦n
some research..... please do some research. 130 hÀ-jw- ap-¼v- {In Â- AhÀ- a\Ên-em-t¡ Hcp- Im-cy-ap-v.- Cu- hnjbs¯¡pdn-
kvX- y³- Iayp-Wn-än- adp-]Sn- ]dª Im-cy-§Ä- C¶pw- CXn-\I¯v- ¨v- [m-cm-fw- dn-kÀ-¨v- sNbv-Xn-«pv.- Cu- dn-tkÀ-¨v-skÃmw- ad¨p-
]dªn-«p-v.- \q-dp-hÀ-j§Ä-¡v- ap¼v- sXfn-bn-¡s¸« Im-cy-§Ä- sh¨v- \q-dpw- \q-än- ap-¸Xpw- hÀ-j§Ä-¡p-ap-¼v- JWv-Un-¨n-«p-Å
CXnÂ- ]dªn-«p-v.- ss__nÄ- B³-dv- kb³-kp-am-bn- _\v[s¸ Im-cy-§Ä- FSp-¯v- CXnÂ- ]dªn-«p-v.- CXn-s³-d kv-tIm-fÀ-
« Hcp- kv-tIm-fdn-s³-d ss__nÄ- B³-dv- kb³-kv- _p-¡n-s³-d jn-¸v- sehÂ- F{Xbm-sW¶p-ÅXv- \n-§Ä-¡dn-bmw.- shdpw-
D²cWn- CXn-en-Ã.- t\scadn-¨v- {In-kv-Xy³-kÃ,- F¶mÂ- {In-kv- F«mw- ¢mkv- ]m-km-b Bfp-IÄ-¡v- thn- Fgp-Xs¸« Cu- ss_
Xy³kv- F¶v- ]dbp-¶,- \n-§Ä-¡n-Sbn-ep-Å AlaZn-bm-kn-s\ _nÄ- B³-dv- kb³-kv t]m-epw- Cu- ]p-kv-XIw- ssIIm-cyw- sNbv-
t]m-ep-Å Bfp-Ifp-sS D²cWn-IÄ- CXn-ep-v.- {In-kv-Xy³- Iayq- Xn-«n-Ã.- kv-tIm-fÀ-en- Bbn-«p-Å {]iv-\§sfm-s¡ t]m-s«.- Rm³-
Wn-än-tbm-Sv- F¶pw- t{Zm-lw- sNbv-X btlm-h hn-äv\kv-Im-cp-sS Cu- ]dª hn-jb§sf¡p-dn-t¨m- aäv- hnjb§sf¡p-dn-t¨m-
D²cWn-Ifpw- CXn-ep-v.- Brothers- Rm³- Hcp- Im-cyw- tNm-Zn¡s«.- Uo-ssäÂ-kv- Bbn-«v- Adn-bm³- B{Kln-¡p-¶p-s¦nÂ- Fs³d
ap-kv-enw- Iayq-Wn-än-sb¡p-dn-t¨m- ap-kv-enw- Iayq-Wn-än-bp-sS {K\vY hm-¡p-IÄ- hniz-kn-t¡. \n-§Ä- CþsabnÂ- Ab¨mÂ- aXn.-
s¯¡p-dn-t¨m- Rm³- Fs´¦n-epw FgpXm³- B{Kln-¡p-¶psh Rm³- Fs³-d CþsabnÂ- A{Ukv- \n-§Ä-¡v- Xcmw.- dn-kÀ-¨v-
¦nÂ- F\n-s¡m-cp- sdkvt]m¬-kn-_n-en-än-bp-v.- B {K\vY - w- ssI t]¸À- \n-§Ä-¡v- Ab¨p-Xcm-hp-¶Xm-Wv.- ss__n-fn-s³-d B[n-
Im-cyw- sN¿p-¶hcp-sS D²cWn- thWw- Rm³- D]tbm-Kn-¡m³.- Im-cn-IXsb tNm-Zyw- sN¿p-t¼mÄ- \n-§Ä- GXv- tkm-gv-knÂ-\n
t\scadn-¨v- B {K\v-Yt¯m-Spw- ap-kv-enw- Iayq-Wn-än-tbm-Spw- Pohn- ¶m-Wv- Izkv-äy-³- FSp-¡p-¶Xv- F¶v- Hcp- {]m-hiyw- Nn-ń-¨n-«p-
Xw- ap-gp-h\pw-- D]{Zhw- sNbv-X Bfp-Ifp-sS D²cWn- Rm³- FSp- thWw- tNm-Zn-¡p-¶Xv.- B tNm-Zyw- dn-tkÀ-¨nÂ- t_kvU - v- BsW
¯n-«v- Ahcm-Wv- kXy-ap-kv-en-sa¶v- ]dªmÂ- \n-§Ä-s¡´v- t¶m- AtXm- Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS s{]-Pp-Un-knÂ-- t_kvvUv- BsW
tXm-¶pw?.- kÂ-am³- dp-jv-Zn- F{Xtbm- tam-iam-bn-«m-Wv- Fgp-Xnbn- t¶m- F¶p-ÅXp-IqSn- \n-§Ä- Nn-ń-t¡Xv- Bhiy-am-Wv.-
cn-¡p-¶Xv.- kÂ-am³- dp-jv-Zn- ap-kv-en-am-Wv.- by name- ap-kv-en-amWv.- ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-IsX¡p-dn-¨v- F\n-¡v- [m-cm-fw- Im-cy-§Ä
B hy-Iv-Xn- hen-b C³-dÀ-\m-jWÂ- ss{]kv- In-«nb hy-Iv-Xnbm- ]dbm-\p-v.- F¶mÂ- Rm³- HmÀ-an-¸n-¨Xp-t]m-se Hcp- kXym-
Wv.- AXn-s³-d shfn-¨¯nÂ- Abm-fm-Wv- kXy-ap-kv-en-sa¶v- ]d t\z-jn- Ds¦nÂ- B hy-Iv-Xn-¡v- Bhiy-am-b t]m-bn³dv- Rm³-
ªv- Rm³- kÂ-am³- dp-jv-Zn-bp-sS _pIv-knÂ-\n-¶v- D²cWn-IÄ X¶p-Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Fs³-d `m-j¡v- [m-cm-fw- ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpv.-
F¶m-epw- ktlm-Zc§Ä- kXyw- Adn-bWsa¶p-Å XmÂ-]cyw-
sIm-m-Wv- Rm³- Fs³-d am-Xr-`m-j AÃm-¯ emw-tKz-PnÂ- C¶p-
h¶v- \n-§tfm-Sv- struggle sNbv-Xv- kw-km-cn-¨Xv.- t¢m-knw-KnÂ-
Hcp- Im-cyw- ]dbs«.- R§Ä- Chn-sS h¶Xn-s³-d sabn³- e£yw-
shdpw- Un-t_äv- AÃ.- R§fp-sS sabn³- e£y-sa¶v- ]dªp-
Ign-ªmÂ- a\p-jy³- ]m-]n-bm-sW¶pw- ]m-]n-bm-b a\p-jy³-
IÀ-¯m-hm-b tbip-{In-kv-Xp-hnÂ- hn-iz-kn-¨v- c£{]m-]n-¡p-sa¶p-
ÅXv- \n-§sf H¶v- ]dªv- HmÀ-an-¸n-¡p-hm³- thn-bm-Wv.- - Rm³-
Chn-sS [m-cm-fw- tIm-¸o-kv- ]p-Xn-b \n-ba¯n-s³-d sIm-p-h¶n-
«p-v.- CXv- GXv- {^n-\p-thWsa¦n-epw-,- especially ap-kv-enw- Fw.Fw.- A-Iv-_À-
{^v-kn-t\m-Sv- Rm³- request sN¿p-¶Xv- take a copy and read
it. God bless you.
_lp-am-\s¸« ktlm-Zc³- tUm.-tPm¬-k¬- ^n-en-¸v-,- At±
lt¯m-sSm-¸ap-Å ss{Ikv-Xh ]Wv-Un-X·m-sc, kp-lr-¯p¡
sf, Fs³-d {]n-bs¸« ktlmZc§sf,- "ss__n-fn-s³-d ssZhn-
IX'- F¶ hn-jb¯nÂ- A[n-jvT- n-Xam-bn- ssZhn-IXsb kvY - m]n
¨p-sIm-v- tPm¬-k¬- ^n-en-¸v At±l¯n-s³-d {]`m-jW¯nÂ-
Hcp-]m-Sp- Im-cy-§Ä- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-Ibp-m-bn-.- B Im-cy-§fpambn-
hn-tbm-Pn-¸pÅ Nn-e cw-K§fpv.- ASp-¯ dn-_«Â- skj\nÂ-
AXn-\p-thn-¯s¶ Hcp- skj³- sh¨n-«pv. A-Xv- B skj
\nÂ- NÀ-¨ sN¿m-hp-¶Xm-Wv.- Chn-sS Cu- hn-jbIam-bn- F\n¡v-
AhXcn-¸n-¡m-\p-Å Im-cy-§Ä- Cu- kZÊn-\p- ap-¶nÂ- AhXcn-
¸n¡p-Ibm-Wv.- hn-[n- AÀ-¸nt¡Xpw- hn-[n- FSp-t¡Xpw- Imcy-
§Ä- a\Ên-em-t¡Xpw- \½fm-Wv.- \½sfÃm-hcp-am-Wv.-
Chn-sS H¶maXm-bn-¯s¶ Hcn-kv-em-an-I `qan-IbnÂ -\n-¶p-
sIm-v- kw-km-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ-,- thZ{K\v-Y¯n-s³-d ]p-dw-N«bWn-
ªp-sIm-v- {]Xy-£s¸Sp-¶ ss__n-fn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- kw-km-cn¡p-
t¼mÄ-,- F´m-Wv- Hcp- thZ{K\v-Ys¯¡p-dn-¨v- Ckv-em-an-Iam-b
ho-£Ww- F¶v- kq-Nn-¸n-t¡Xp-v F¶v- F\n-¡v- tXm-¶pIbm-
Wv.- ]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B\n-se cm-as¯ A[ym-bw- kq-d¯pÂ-
_Jd-bn-se 213þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ- thZ{K\v-Y§fp-sS AhX
cW¯n-s³-d e£y-s¯¡p-dn-¨v- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v.-
AXn-{]-Im-ca- m-Wv "- a-\p-jy³-- H-scm-ä- k-ap-Zm-ba- m-bn-cp-¶p.- A-\´-cw-
k-t´m-j-hmÀ-¯- A-dn-bn-¡p-hm-\pw- Xm-¡o-Xv- \Â-Ip-hm-\p-am-bn- R-§Ä- hn-th-N-\w- IÂ-]-n-¡p-¶n-Ã- R-§Ä- A-Ãm-lp-hn-\v- Io-gv-
A-Ãm-lp- {]-hm-N-I-·m-sc- \n-tb-m-Kn-¨p.- A-hÀ- `n-¶n-¨- hnj-b¯n s]-«-hc-m-Ip-¶p''.- B- {]-hm-N-I-·m-sc-Ãmw- Htct]mse ]S¨X¼p
Â- XoÀ-¸p- IÂ-]n-¡p-hm-\m-bn- A-hc- p-sS- Iq-sS- k-Xy-th-Zhpw- Ah³- cm-\mÂ- BZcn-¡s¸Sp-¶hcm-Wv F¶pw- Ahcp-sS amÀ-KZÀ-i\w-
A-b-¨p- sIm-Sp-¯p.- F-¶mÂ- th-Z-w- \Â-I-s¸-«-hÀ- Xs¶- hyIvX ]qÀ-Wam-bn-Xs¶ a\p-jy-sc \·bnte¡v- \bn-¡p-¶hbm-bncp
-am-b- sX-fn-hp-IÄ- h-¶p-- In-«n-b-Xn-\p- ti-jw- A-XnÂ- `n¶n-¨n-«pÅ- ¶p-sh¶pw- hnizkn-¡p-¶cm-Wv- R§Ä F¶v- {]Jym-]n-¡s¸Sp
Xv- A-hÀ- X-½n- e - p-ff- am-Õc- yw- aq-ea- Ã
- m-sX- a-sä-m¶- psIm-p-aÃ
- .'- hm-\m-W-v JpÀ-B³- Bhiy-s¸Sp-¶Xv.- C§s\ FÃm-bnSt¯¡pw-
GIkapZm-bam-bn-cp-¶ a\p-jyÀ,- ssZhn-IamÀKZÀi\ {]Im-cw- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸« thZ§fnÂ- hn-iz-kn-t¡Xv- _m-[yXbm-sW
Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶ a\p-jyÀ,- {]hm-NI·m-cp-sS ]m-T{]Im-cw- Po-hn-¨ncp- ¶v- {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶tXm-sSm-¸w- ]cn-ip-²Jp-ÀB - ³- \m-ev- thZ{K\vY
¶ a\p-jyÀ- Cu- ssZhn-IamÀ-K ZÀ-i\¯n-Â\ - n-¶v- AI¶p-t]mhp- §fp-sS t]scSp-¯p- ]-d-bp-I- Iq-Sn- sN-¿p-¶p--v.- AXnÂ- H¶v
Ibpw- AhÀ- `n-¶n-¨v- t]m-hp-Ibpw- A§s\ hyXy-kv-X§fm-b ]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B³ -Xs¶bmWv.- AtXm-sSm-¸w -Xs¶ JpÀ-B\n-
[mÀ-an-I ]²Xn-IÄ- kzo-Icn-¡p-¶ AhkvY - m-hn-tijw- kwPmXam- \p- ap-¼v- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸« aq-¶p-- thZ{K\v-Y§sf t]scSp-¯p-
hp-Ibpw- sNbvX - t¸mÄ- Cu- ssZhn-IamÀ-KZÀ-i\¯n-te¡v- P\§ Xs¶ JpÀ-B³- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v.- AXn-se-m-¶v- tam-si {]hmN
sf £Wn-¡p-¶Xn\p-thn,- Xn-cn-¨p-hn-fn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-thn- \ntbm- I\v- (aq-km- \_n (u-)¡v- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸« Xu-dm¯m-Wv.- ]cn-
Kn-¡s¸«hcm-Wv- {]hm-NI·mÀ.- B {]hm-NI·m-cn-eq-sS AhXcn ip-² Jp-À-B\n-se A©m-as¯ A[ym-bw- kqd¯pÂ- am-CZbn-
¸n-¡s¸«hbm-Wv- thZ{K\vY - §Ä.- Cu- thZ{K\vY - §fp-sS e£yw- se 44þms¯ hN\¯nÂ- C-§-s\- Im-Wm-w:- ""XoÀ-¨bm-bpw- \mam-
Ip-¶p- tam-si {]hm-NI\v- Xu-dm-¯v- (tXm-d) AhXcn-¸n-¨n-«pÅXv.-
F´m-Wv- [À-asa¶pw- F´m-Wv- A[À-asa¶pw- F´m-Wv- \·sb AXnÂ- amÀ-KZÀ-i\hpw- {]Im-ihpw- Dv''.-- AtXt]m-seXs¶
¶pw- F´m-Wv- Xn-·sb¶pw- F´m-Wv- kXy-sa¶pw- F´m-Wv JpÀ-B\n-se 17þm as¯ A[ym-bw- kqd¯pÂ- Ckv-dm-Cse 55þm
AkXy-sa¶pw- tem-I¯n-s³d ap-¶nÂ- ]Tn-¸n-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- as¯ hN\¯nÂ- "Zm-hq-Zn-\v- k_qÀ- AhXcn-¸n-¨n-«p-ÅXv \mam-
hn-ip² JpÀ-B³,-- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸« ap-gp-h³- thZ{K\vY§sf Ip-¶p'- F¶v- Im-Wm³- Ign-bpw.- IqSm-sX- tbip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\¡p-
bpw- Aw-Ko- I - cn-¡p-¶p; BZcn-¡p-¶p,- Ahb\p-kcn-¨p-sIm--v Pohn- dn-¨v- ]dbp-t¼mÄ- JpÀ-B-\n-se A©m-as¯ A[ym-bw- kqd¯p
t¡Xv- AXm-Xv- Im-eL«§fn-se Bfp-Ifp-sS ISabm-bn-cp¶p- Â- am-CZbn-se 46þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ- At±l¯n-\v- kp-hn-tijw-
sh¶v- {]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- AXv- BZcn-t¡Xv- apkven- þC©oÂ-þAhXcn-¸n¨p-sImSp-¡p-Ibpw- AXnÂ- amÀ-K-Z-À-i\hpw-
sa¶p-Å \n-e¡v- þ FÃm- {]hm-NI·m-cpw- ]Tn-¸n-¨ BZÀihpam- {]Im-ihpw- \Â-Ip-Ibpw- sNbv-Xh\mWv- ]S¨X¼p-cm-s\¶v- ]d
bn- Po-hn-¡p-¶hs\¶p-Å \n-e¡v-þ A§s\ Po-hn-t¡Xv- Hcp- bp¶Xv ImWmw. Npcp¡¯nÂ- ]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B³- ap¼v- AhXcn-
ap-ke v- n-an-s³-d ISabm-sW¶v- {]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- ]cnip- ¸n-¡s¸« thZ{K\vY - §sf Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-¶p;- BZcn-¡p-¶p.- Ah
² JpÀ-B\n-se aq-¶ms¯ A[ym-bw- kq-d¯v- Bep-Cwdm-\nse AhXcn-¸n-¨Xv- ]S¨h³Xs¶bm-sW¶v- {]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw- sN
84þm-as¯ hN\w- hnizm-k-n-I-tf-m-Sv- B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p:- ""]d-bp-I-:- ¿p-¶p.-
A-Ãm-lp-hn-epw R-§Ä-¡v- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xn-epw- C-{_m-low,- F¶mÂ- thZ{K\v-Y§fp-sS AhXcW¯n-\p-tijw- ]Xn-äm-
C-kv-am-Cu-Â,- C-kv-lm-Jv,- b-Av-Jq-_v, b-Av-Jq-_v k-´-XnIÄ- F- p-Ifpw \q-äm-p-Ifpw- Ign-ªt¸mÄ- thZ{K\v-Y§fp-sS ]pdw-
¶n-hÀ-¡v- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xn-epw,- aq-km-¡pw- Cu-km-¡pw- aäp- N«IfWn-ªp-sIm-v- a\pjy-cmÂ- cNn-¡s¸« Nn-e {K\v-Y§Ä-
{]-hm-N-I-·mÀ-¡pw- X-§-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-¦Â- \n-¶v- \Â-I-s¸-«- h¶p- F¶pw- B {K\v-Y§fm-Wv- a\p-jy-sc Xn-·bnte¡pw- sXäp-
Xn-epw- R-§Ä- hn-iz-kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- A-h-cnÂ- BÀ-¡n-S-bn-epw- Ifn-te¡pw- A[À-a¯n-te¡pw- ssZhn-Iam-b amÀ-KZÀ-i\aÃm¯
ss]im-Nn-I {]tem`\§fn-te¡p-saÃmw- sIm-p-t]m-bXv- F¶pw- A[ym-bw- kq-d¯pÂ- amCZbn-se 48þm-as¯ hN\¯nÂ- \½Ä- 1
]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B³- hy-Iv-Xam-¡p-¶p.- ""kz-´w ssIIÄ- sIm-v- hm-bn-¡p-¶Xv- Cu- {]Jym-]\am-Wv.- CXmWv- JpÀ-B\n-\v- thZ{K\v-
{K\v-Yw- Fgp-Xn-bp-m-¡p-Ibpw- kzmÀ-Yam-b XmÂ-]cy-§Ä-¡p- Ys¯¡p-dn-¨v- ]dbm-\p-ÅXv.-
thn-bpw- Xp-NvO- am-b XmÂ-]cy-§Ä-¡p-thn-bpw- AXv- ssZhn- Chn-sS ss__n-fn-se ]p-kv-XI§fn-eq-sS \½Ä- IS¶p-t]m
Iam-sW¶v- ]dbp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-hÀ-¡mIp-¶p- \m-i-'' -sa¶v JpÀ- 1
hp-t¼mÄ- JpÀ-B\n-Iam-b ]cn-t{]jy¯nÂ- \n-¶p-sIm-m-Wv-
B\n-se cm-as¯ A[ym-bw- kq-d¯pÂ- _Jdbn-se 79þma Hcp- ap-kv-enw- F¶ \n-e¡v- Rm³- kw-km-cn-t¡Xv.- Hcn-¡epw-
s¯ hN\w ]dbp¶p.- CXv- Ncn-{X¯nÂ- kw-`hn¨n-«p-Å Imcyam Hcp- ù-Xn-Ihm-Zn-bm-tbm- Hcp- bp-IX
v- n-hm-Zn-bm-tbmkw-km-cn-t¡
-bn- JpÀ-B³- ]dbp-Ibm-Wv.- AtXt]m-seXs¶ JpÀ-B³- ]d h\Ã Rm³.- Hcn-¡epw- A§s\ kw-km-cn-¡m³- ]m-Sn-ÃXm-\pw.-
ªp.- thZ{K\v-Y§fm-Ip-¶,- ssZhn-I hN\§fm-Ip-¶ kXy§ ]cn-ip-² JpÀ-Bs³-d ]cn-t{]jy¯nÂ-\n-¶p- sIm-v- kw-kmcn
sf AkXy-§fp-am-bn- Iq-«n-¡eÀ-¯n-s¡m-v- AhXcn-¸n-¡p-Ibm- ¡p-t¼mÄ- F\n-¡v- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-hm-\p-ÅXv- ss__n-fn-se ]p-kvX
Wv- thZ§fp-sS hIv-Xm-¡sf¶v- ]dª ]p-tcmln-X·mÀ- sNbv- I§fnÂ- ssZhn-IhN\§Ä- Dv- F¶p-Xs¶bm-Wv.- Im-cWw,
XXv- F¶v.- AXp-sIm-v- Ahsc A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbv-Xp-sIm- {]hm-NI·mÀ-¡v- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸«n-«p-Å hN\§Ä- ]nÂ-¡me
v-,- JpÀ-B³- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p;-- JpÀ-B\n-se aq-¶mas¯ A[ym- L«¯n-se ss__nÄ- cNbn-Xm-¡fnÂ- ]ecpw- D²cn-¡p-Ibpw-
bw- kq-d¯v-Bep-Cw-dm-\n-se 71þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ- "thZ{K\vY B D²cWn-IÄ- ss__n-fnÂ- kv-Yn-Xn- sN¿p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.-
§fp-sS hIvX - m-¡sf¶v- ]dbp-¶htc \n§sfń\mWv- kXyhpw- F¶m-Â- AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw- ]p-tcm-ln-X·m-cpsS
AkXy-hpw- X½nÂ- Iq-«n-¡p-g¡p-Ibpw- kXy-s¯ ad¨p-sh¡pI bpw- aäp- ]ecp-sSbpw- hN\§Ä- Iq-«n-¡eÀ-¯s¸«Xp- sIm-p-
bpw- sN¿p-¶Xv-' - F¶v.- At¸mÄ- C§s\ thZ{K\vY§fnÂ- ]
2
Xs¶ GXm-Wv- ssZhn-IhN\w,-- GXm-Wv- am-\p-jn-IhN\sa¶v-
et¸m-gpw- a\p-jy-cp-sS ssIIS¯ep-IÄ- \S¡p-Ibpw- a\p-jyÀ- a\Ên-em-¡m³- km-[y-aÃm-¯ Ahkv-Ybnem-Wv- C¶s¯ ss_
kz-´w- {K\v-Y§sfgp-Xn-bp-m-¡p-Ibpw- Ah ssZhnIam-sW¶v- _nÄ- kv-Yn-Xn- sN¿p-¶Xv-.- C-X-m-Wv- Ckv-em-an-Iam-bn- CÆn-jbI
]dbp-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶ Im-cy-§fp-m-bn-«p-v F¶v- JpÀ-B³- kq amb hm-Zsa¶v- \mw- a\Ên-em-¡p-I.- ss__n-fn-s\ ]qÀ-Wam-bn-
Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p.- AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ Ahkm-\s¯ thZ{K\v-Yamb- AXv- sNIp-¯m-\nÂ-\n-¶v- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸« {K\v-Yams-Wt¶m-
]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B\n-s³d-- kwc£W D¯chm-Zn-¯w- {kjvS- m-hmb AXsÃ¦nÂ- AXnÂ- ]dbp-¶ Im-cy-§sfÃmw- A_²§fmsW
X¼p-cm³- Xs¶ GsäSp-¯p.-B D¯chm-Zn-¯¯n-s³-d \nÀhl t¶m DÅ hm-Zw- Hcp- ap-kv-en-an-\n-Ã F¶v- \mw- a\Ên-em-¡p-I.--
Wam-Wv- C-¶v- \-S¶
- p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶X- .v- - C-tXm-sSm-¸w ap-¼v- AhX AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ Rm\n-hn-sS kq-Nn-¸n-¨ ]cn-ip-² JpÀB
cn-¸n-¡s¸« thZ{K\v-Y§fp-sS ap-gp-h\pw- ]qÀWam-b Bib§ \n-Â- ]dª thZ{K\vY - §fp-tÃm,- B thZ{K\vY - §sf¡pdn¨v-
sf kw-c£n-¡p-¶Xv- ]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B\m-Wv- F¶v- JpÀ-B³- ss__nÄ- kq-N\IÄ- \Â-Ip-Ibpw- B thZ{K\v-Y§Ä- C¶
kz-bw- {]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- JpÀ-B\n-se A©m-as¯ s¯ ss__n-fn-en-Ãm-sb¶p-Å hkv-Xp-X hy-Iv-Xam-bn- a\Ênem-
1 ""F-¶mÂ- kz-´w- ssI-IÄ- sIm-v- {K-Ùw- F-gp-Xn-bp-m-¡p-I-bpw- F-¶n-«v- A-Xv-
¡n-¯cp-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p F¶m-Wv- F\n-¡v- H¶m-aXm-bn- kq-Nn-
A-Ãm-lp-hn-¦Â- \n-¶v- e-`n-¨-Xm-sW-¶v- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-hÀ-¡m-Ip-¶p- \m-iw.- ¸n-¡m-\p-ÅXv.- Rm-\n-hn-sS ]dªp- aq-km- \_n- (u)¡v- ]S¨
A-Xv- ap-tJ-\- hn-e- Ip-d-ª- t\-«-§Ä- I-c-Ø-am-¡m³- th-n-bm-Ip-¶p- (A-c-hn-Xv-
sN-¿p-¶-X-v)- A-h-cp-sS- ssI-IÄ- F-gp-Xn-b- h-I-bn-epw- A-h-À- k-¼m-Zn-¡p-¶- h-Ibnepw-

X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n-¨ tXm-dsb¡p-dn-¨v- þ Xu-dm-¯n-s\¡p-dn¨v-
A-hÀ-¡v- \m-iw''- (Jp-À-B³- 2:-79)- 1 ""(\-_n-sb)- \n-\-¡n-Xm- k-Xy-{]-Im-cw- th-Z-{K-Ùw- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p- X-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.- AXn
2 ""th-Z-¡m-tc,- \n-§-sf-ń-\m-Wv- k-Xy-s¯- A-k-Xy-hp-am-bn- Iq-«n-¡-eÀ-¯p-I-bpw-,- sâ- ap-¼n-ep-Å- th-Z-{K-Ù-§-sf- i-cn-sh-¡-p-¶-Xpw-,- A-h-sb- Im-¯p-c-£n-¡p-¶-
A-dn-ªp-sIm-v- k-Xy-w- a-d-¨p-sh-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv?-''- (JpÀ-B³- 3:-71)- Xpas{X- A-Xv.''-(JpÀ-B³- 5:-48)-

þJpÀ-B³- ]dbp-¶ Im-cyw,- B tXm-dsb¡p-dn-¨v- \ap-¡v- ss__n hn-iZo-Icn-¡s¸«n-«p-ÅXv- tam-ibp-sS acWs¯bpw- acW¯n\p-
fnÂ BhÀ-¯n-¨v- Im-Wm³- Ign-bpw.- {]tXy-In-¨v- BhÀ-¯\- tijap-Å Im-cy-§sfbp-amWv. BhÀ-¯\]p-kvX - Iw- Ahkm\n-
]p-kv-XI¯nÂ-. DZm-lcW¯n-\v-, BhÀ-¯\-]p-kv-XI¯n-Â- ¸n-¡p-¶Xv ""]n¶o-Sv- Ckv-dm-bo-enÂ- CXp-hsc tamsisbt¸m-sem-
H¶m-as¯ A[ym-b¯n-se A©m-as¯ hN\¯nÂ- \ap-¡v- cp- {]hm-NI³- Dm-bn-«n-Ã''-- F¶v- ]dªp-sIm-m-Wv- F¶p-Å
Im-Wmw.- "tam-si {]hm-NI³- Cu- \n-baw- P\§Ä-¡v- hn-iZoIcn- hkv-Xp-X \ap-¡v- Im-Wm³ Ign-bp-¶Xm-Wv.- CXn-s³-d ASnkvYm-
¡m³- Xp-S§n'-.- tam-si {]hm-NI³- hn-iZo-Icn-¨ \n-baam-W- -v tXmd;- \¯nÂ- tam-si {]hm-NI\v- AhXcn--¨, tam-si {]hm-NI³- P\
B tXm-dbm-Ip-¶p- JpÀ-B³- ]dbp-¶ Xu-dm-¯v-.- C¶v- ss__n- §Ä-¡p- ap-¶nÂ- hn-iZo-Icn-¨ \n-ba]p-kvX - IaÃ C¶s¯ ]pkv-
fnÂ- Im-Wp-¶ DÂ-]¯n- ap-XÂ- BhÀ-¯\w- hscbpap-Å ]© XIw, AXnÂ- ]eXpw- IS¶p-Iq-Sn-bn-«p-v F-¶v- \-ap-¡v- a\-Ênem-
]p-kv-XI§fp-tÃm- AXv- tXm-dbm-tWm-? tam-si {]hm-NI\v- ¡m-\m-hpw.- tam-ibp-sS Im-e¯n-\p-tijw ]-ecpw ]eXpw- IS¯n-
ssZhw- X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n-¨p-sh¶v- JpÀ-B³- ]dbp-Ibpw- ¡q-«n-bn-«p-v- F¶ hkv-Xp-X C-XnÂ- \n-¶v- \ap-¡v- kp-Xcmw- hyIv-
AtXm-sSm-¸w -Xs¶ ssZhw- X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n-¨ co-Xn-bnÂ- Xam-Ip-¶p--v.-
a\p-jyÀ-¡v- tam-si {]hm-NI³- hn-iZo-Icn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯p- F¶v- CtXt]m-seXs¶bm-Wv- JpÀ-B\nÂ- ]dbp-¶ k_qÀ- F¶
ss__nÄ- {]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶ \n-ba]p-kv-XIam-tWm- thZ{K\vYw, AYhm Zm-ho-Zn-\v- ssZhw- X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n¨Xm-
C¶s¯ ]©]p-kv-XI§Ä- F¶ tNm-Zy-¯n-\v- ss__nÄ- Hcp- bn- JpÀB³- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶ {K\v-Y¯n-sâ-bpw- Øn-Xn.- \ap-¡dn-
XhW- hm-bn-¨n-«p-Å G-sXm-cmÄ¡pw- \Â-Im-\p-Å adp-]Sn AÃm- bmw,-- k¦oÀ-¯\- ]p-kv-XI§Ä- ss__n-fnse- AXn-kp-µcamb
sb¶m-Wv.- tam-sibp-sS Hcp-]m-Sv- hN\§Ä- AXn-epv.- F¶mÂ,- ]p-kX v- I k©bam-Wv.- Cu- k¦oÀ-¯\ ]p-kX v- I§fnÂ- ZmhoZn-
tam-ibp-sS acW¯n-\p-tijw- ]-ec- m-epw- IS¯n-¡q-«s¸« Hcp]m- t³-dsX¶v- Xehm-NIap-Å G-Xm-\pw- Nn-e k¦oÀ-¯\§-fm-Wp-
Sp- hN\§fXnep-v- F¶p-Å hkv-Xp-X B ]©]p-kv-XI§Ä- ÅXv.- AXÃm-¯- Nn-eXv- Bkm-^n-s³-dbpw- Bkm-^n-s³-d ]p{X
Xs¶ km-£yw- hln-¡p-¶p- F¶p-ÅXv- kXy-am-Wv.- BÀ-¡pw- ·m-cp-sSbpw- tIm-cln-s³dbpw- tI-mcln-s³-d ]p-{X·m-cpsSbpw-
\n-tj[n-¡m³- km-[y-aÃm-¯ kXyw.- BhÀ-¯\- ]p-kv-XI¯n- A§s\ ]ecp-tSXp-am-bn-s¡m-m-Wv- ss__n-fn-se k¦oÀ-¯\
se 34þmw- A[ym-bw- A©p- ap-XÂ- 12 hsc bp-Å hN\§fn-Â- 1
k©b§f-ps- S Xehm-NI§Ä- Xs¶ kvY - n-Xn- sN¿p-¶Xv.- Zmho-
Zn-t³-dsX¶v- ]dbs¸Sp-¶ 35þHm-fw- k¦oÀ-¯\§fnÂ- Xs¶
1 ""A-§-s\- b-tlm-h-bp-sS- Zm-k-\m-b- tam-si- b-tlm-h-bp-sS- h-N-\-{]-Im-cw- A-hn-sS-
tam-hm-_v- tZ-i-¯p- sh-¨p- a-cn-¨p.- A-h³- A-h-s\- tam-hm-_v- tZ-i-¯v- t_-¯v- þs]tbm-
GsXÃmw- Zm-ho-Zn-t³-dXm-sW¶v- Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]dbm³- Ign-bn-Ã
cn-s¶-Xn-sc-bp-Å- Xm-gv-h-cnÂ- A-S-¡n-.- F-¦n-epw- C-¶-p-h-sc-bpw- A-h-sâ- i-h-¡pgnbp- F¶v- dh.- F.-kn.- t¢bn-äs\t¸m-sebp-Å ss__nÄ- ]WvUnX
sS- Ø-ew- B-cpw- A-dn-bp-¶n-Ã.- tam-si- a-cn-¡p-t¼mÀ- A-h-¶p- \q-än-C-cp-]-Xv- h-bÊm-
·mÀ- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- ss__nfn\v- aebmf¯nÂ-
bn-cp-¶p.- A-h-sâ- I-®v- a-§m-sX-bpw- A-h-sâ- tZ-l-_-ew- £-bn-¡m-sX-bpw- C-cp¶p.-
bn-{km-tbÂ-a-¡Ä- ta-si-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- tam-hm-_v- k-a-`q-an-bnÂ- ap-¸-Xv- Zn-h-kw- I-cªp-

\n-Lp- Fgp-Xn-b Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn- F¶ \n-e¡m-Wv- Rm³- At±
sIm-n-cn-¶p.- A-§-s\- ta-si-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- I-c-ªp- hn-e-]n-¡p-¶- Im-ew- Xn-I-ªp.- ls¯ D²cn-¡p-¶Xv. At±lhp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-¡p-tam- hntbmPn
\q-sâ- a-I-\m-b- tb-m-ip-hm-sb- tam-si- ssI-h-¨v- A-\p-{K-ln-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-v-
¡p-tam- F¶v- F\n-¡dn-bn-Ã.-
A-h³- Úm-\m-ß-]qÀ-®-\m-bn-¯oÀ-¶p.- b-tlm-h- tam-si-tbm-Sp- IÂ-¸n-¨-Xp-t]mse-
bn-{km-tbmÂ- a-¡Ä- A-h-s\- A-\p-k-cn-¨p.- F-¶mÂ- an-{kbow- tZ-i-¯p- ^-d-t\mt\m- C\n- tbip{In-kvX
- p-hn-t³-dXm-bn- AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸«p- F¶v- Jp
Spw- A-hs
- â- k-Ie
- - `r-Xy-·m-tcm-Spw- A-hs
- â- kÀ-Æ- tZ-it
- ¯m-Spw- sN-¿p-hm³- btlmh- À-B³- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶ C³Poen-sâ-- þkp-hn-tijw-þ k-v-Yn-Xn- t\m
tam-si-sb- \n-tbm-Kn-¨b-¨- k-I-e- AÂ-`p-X-§-fpw- `pP-ho-¿-hpw- F-Ãm- bn-{km-tbepw-
Im¬-sI- ta-m-si- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨- `-b-¦-c- Im-cy-sa-s¡-bpw- hn-Nm-cn-¨mÂ- b-tlm-h- A-`n

¡p-I.- B kp-hn-tijw- JpÀ-B³- ]dbp-¶Xv- Cu-km- \_n- (u)-
ap-J-am-bn- A-d-n-ªp- tam-si-sb-t¸m-se- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I³- bn-{km-tb-enÂ- ]n-s¶- Dm- ¡v- - ]S¨X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n-¨ thZ{K\v
--- Y
- am-Wv- F¶mWv.- ss_
bn-«n-Ã''.-- (B-hÀ-¯-\- ]p-kv-X-Iw- 34:- 5þ12)- _nfnÂ- \ap-¡v- Im-Wm³- Ign-bpw- ""tbm-l¶m³- _\v-[\kv-Y\m-
bXn-\p-tijw- tbip- ssZh¯n-s³-d kp-hntijw- {]kw-Kn-¨p- a\p-jy-À¡v \·sb´m-Wv- Xn-·sb´m-Wv- F¶v- ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶Xm
sIm-v- Keo-en-bn-te¡v- h¶p-.- At±lw- ]dªp: ""\n-§Ä- A\p IWw.- a\p-jy-sc Hmtcm- hn-jb¯n-epw- [À-asa´m-Wv- A[Àasa
X]n-¡p-I.- Im-ew- Xn-Iªn-cn-¡p-¶p.- ssZhcm-Pyw- kao-]kv-Yam- ´m-Wv F¶v- a\Ên-em-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶Xm-IWw- th-Z-{K-Ùw F
bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- \n-§Ä- kp-hn-tij¯nÂ- hn-iz-kn-¡q.- F¶nepw- ¶m-Wv- ]cn-ip-² JpÀ-B\n-s³-d ho-£Ww.- AXpsIm-p-Xs¶
hn-iz-kn-¡q'' - Chn-sS tbip-{In-kX
1
v- p- hn-iz-kn-¡m³- ]dª, tbip- Pohn-X¯ns³-d kIeam-\ cw-K§fnte¡pw,- \·Xn-·Isf¡pdn-
{In-kv-Xp {]kw-Kn-¨- ssZh¯n-s³-d kp-hn-tijw,- AXv- G-X-mWv?- ¨v- Ir-Xy-am-bn- hy-ht- OZn-¨-v ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶ hn-jb¯nÂ- F{Xt¯mfw-
AXm-Wv- ]S¨X¼p-cm³- ]dbp¶ C³-Po³.- AXv- a¯m-bn-bptS ss__nÄ- hn-Pbn-¡p-¶p F¶ hn-jbw- ]cn-tim-[\mXv-aIamWv.-
tbm -- amÀ-t¡m-knt³dtbm- eq-t¡m-kn-t³dtbm- tbm-l¶m-tâtbm- ss__n-fnÂ- [mÀ-an-Iam-b Hcp-]m-Sp- D]tZi§fp-v,- \nÀtZi§
kp-hn-tijaÃ.- ssZhw- X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n-¨ kp-hn-tijamWv.- fp-v.- kw-ibsam-¶p-an-Ã.- AsXÃmw-Xs¶ ssZhw- X¼pcm³ A
B kp-hn-tijs¯¡pdn-¨m-Wv- tbip-{In-kv-Xp- aÀ-t¡m-kn-s³-d hXcn-¸n-¨ {]hm-NI·m-cn-eq-sS AhXcn-¸n-¡s¸« \n-ba§fpsS
kp-hntij¯n-s³-d F«mw- A[ym-b¯n-Â- 38þmw- hN\¯nÂ- `m-K§fhbn-ep-ÅXp-sIm-m-WvF¶ Im-cy-¯n-epw- kw-isam-¶p-
]dbp-¶Xv- ""Bsc¦n-epw- Cu- kp-hn-tij¯n-\p -thn- acWs¸ anÃ.-
Sp-Ibm-sW¦nÂ- AhÀ-¡v- Ahcp-sS Po-h³- e`n-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw- F¶mÂ- ]nÂ-¡m-eL«¯nÂ- X§fp-sS XmÂ-]cy-¯n-\p th
kIehpw- \jv-Ss¸Sp-¯p-sh¦nÂ- ap-gp-h³- AhÀ-¡v- e`n-¡p-Ibp n- ]eXpw- IS¯n-¡q- «-nb - t¸mÄ- ssZhw-X¼p-cm³- t]m-epw- Ifhp-
am-Wv- sN¿p-¶Xv'- ' F¶pw. Cu- kp-hn-tijs¯¡p-dn-¨m-Wv- tbip- ]dbp-¶Xm-bn- ss__n-fn-se DÂ-]¯n- ]p-kv-XI¯n-se cmw-
{In-kv-Xp- aÀ-t¡m-kn-s³-d kp-hntijw- 13þmw- A[ym-b¯n-se 10þm A[ym-b¯n-se aq-¶mw- hN\¯nÂ- {]Xy-£s¸Sp-¶Xv- \½Ä-
as¯ hN\¯nÂ- ]dbp-¶Xv "FÃmbn-S¯pw- BZy-ta Xs¶ Im-Wp-¶p.- BZy-s¯ \o-Xn-am-\m-bn- ss__nÄ- ]cn-Nbs¸Sp-¯p-
Cu- kp-hn-tijam-Wv- {]kw-Kn-¡s¸tSXv'- - F¶v.- - Np-cp-¡¯nÂ-
2
¶ t\m-l {]hm-NI³- aZy-]n-¨v- e¡p-sI«v- Xp-Wn-bp-cn-ªp, B
tbip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- ]S¨ X¼p-cm³- AhXcn-¸n-¨ kp-hn-tijw-,- Xp-Wn- a¡Ä- FSp-¯p-sIm-Sp-t¡ KXn-tISn-se¯n-bXm-bn- \½
AXn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- ss__nÄ- ]dbp-¶p,- ]t£,- \ap-¡n¶v- A-Xv- Ä- hm-bn-t¡n-hcp-¶p- DÂ-]¯n- ]p-kX v- I¯nÂ- H¼Xmw- A[ym-
e`y-aÃ.- C§s\bm-Wv- C¶s¯ ss__nÄ- ]p-kv-XI§fp-sS b¯nÂ- .- AtX DÂ-]¯n- ]p-kvXI¯nÂ-Xs¶bp-Å 19þmw
1
Im-cy-¯nÂ- Ckv-em-an-Iamb ho-£Ww.-

A[ym-b¯nÂ- tem¯v- F¶v ]dbp-¶ \o-Xn-am³þIÀ-¯m-hv- Cjv-
C\n- ssZhn-Isa¶ t]cn-Â- kvY - n-Xn- sN¿p-¶ Hcp- {K\vY
- sa¶p- Ss¸« hy-Iv-Xn-,- -At±lw- kz´w ]p-{Xn-am-cp-am-bn- aZy-]n-¨v- e¡p-
Å \n-e¡v- Hcp- kXym-t\zjn- ss_-_n-fn-s\- kao-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ-þ sI«v- ibn-¡p-¶ Xv- \½Ä- hm-bn-t¡n-hcp-¶p.- AtXt]m-se
2
B kXym-t\zjn-bp-sS ho£W§fn-eq-sS IS¶p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ-

þssZhn-Iam-sW¶v- ]dbs¸Sm³- ss__n-fn-se ]pkvX - I§Ä¡v- 1.- ""t\m-l- Ir-jn-sN-¿m³- Xp-S-§n-;- H-cp- ap-ń-c-t¯m-«w- \-«p-m-¡n.- A-h³- A-Xn-se-
F{X-t¯mfw AÀ-lXbp-v- F¶m-Wv- ]n-¶o-Sv- ]cn-tim-[n¡s¸

ho-ªp- Ip-Sn-¨p- e-l-cn- ]n-Sn-¨p- X-sâ- Iq-Sm-c-¯nÂ- h-kv-{Xw- \o-§n- In-S-¶p.- I-\m
sâ- ]n-Xm-hm-b- lmw- ]n-Xm-hn-sâ- \-á-X- I-p sh-fn-bnÂ- sN-¶p- X-sâ- c-p- ktlm-
tSXv.- Ahn-sS \ap-¡v- H¶maXm-bn- t\m-¡m\p-f-f-sX-´-mWv?- Z-c-·m-sc-bpw- A-dn-bn-¨p.- ti-apw- bm-s^-¯pw- H-cp- h-kv-{Xw- F-Sp-¯p- C-cp-h-cp-sS-bpw-
Hcp- ssZhn-I{K\v-Yw- a\p-jy-sc [mÀ-an-IX ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶Xm-IWw.- tXm-fnÂ- C-«p- hn-ap-J-X-cm-bn- sN-¶p- ]n-Xm-hn-sâ- \-á-X- a-d-¨p;- A-h-cp-sS- ap-Jw-
Xncn-ªn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-v- A-hÀ- ]n-Xm-hn-sâ- \-á-X- I-n-Ã.''- (DÂ-]-¯n- 9:-20þ23)-
2.- ""h-cn-I-;- A-¸-\mÂ- k-´-Xn- e-`n-t¡--Xn-¶p- A-h-s\- ho-ªp- Ip-Sn-¸n-¨p- A-h-t\mSp-

1 ""F-¶mÂ- tbm-l-¶m³- X-S-hnÂ- B-b- ti-jw- tb-ip- K-eo-e-bnÂ- sN-¶p- ssZ-hcmPy-
Iq-sS- i-bn-¡- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp.- A-§-s\- A-¶p- cm-{Xn- A-hÀ- A-¸-s\- ho-ªp- IpSn¸n-
¯n-sâ- kp-hn-ti-jw- {]-kw-Kn-¨p.- Im-ew- Xn-I-ªp- ssZ-h-cm-Pyw- k-ao-]n-¨n-cn-¡p¶p;-
¨p-;- aq-¯-hÄ- A-I-¯p-sN-¶v- A-¸-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS- i-bn-¨p-;- A-hÄ- i-bn-¨-Xpw- F-gpt¶ä-
am-\k
- m-ć
- s
- ¸-«p- kp-h
- n-ti-j¯
- nÂ- hn-iz-kn-¸n- ³ F-¶p- ]-dª
- p.-''-(amÀ-t¡m-kv1- :14þ15). Xpw- A-h³- A-dn-ªn-Ã.- ]n-sä-¶mÄ- aq-¯-hÄ- C-f-b-h-tfm-Sp- C-¶-se- cm-{Xn-bnÂ-
2 ""F-¶mÂ- kp-hn-ti-jw- ap-s¼- k-I-e-Pm-Xn-I-tfm-Spw- {]-kw-Knt¡--X-m-Ip-¶p.''- Rm³- A-¸-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS- i-bn-¨p-;- \mw- A-h-s\- C-¶p- cm-{Xn-bpw- ho-ªp- Ip-Sn-¸n-¡;-
(aÀ-t¡m-kv-13:-1)- A-¸-\mÂ- k-´-Xn- e-`n-t¡--Xn-\v- \o-b-pw- A-I-¯p- sN-¶p- A-¸-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS- ibn¡-
Xs¶ Zm-hoZv- F¶ alm-\m-b a\p-jy-\m-bn- ss__nÄ- ]cnNb XX-mb - n- \ap-¡v- hm-bn-t¡n- hcp-¶p.- AtXt]m-seXs¶ 1 cmPm
s¸Sp-¯p-¶ hy-IvX- n- im-ap-then-s³-d cmw- ]p-kvX
- I¯n-Â- ]Xn- ¡·m-cp-sS 11þm-as¯ ]p-kv-XI¯nÂ- alm-\m-b cm-Pmhm-bn- ]cn-
s\m-¶mas¯ A-[ym-b¯nÂ- aäp-Åhcp-sS Ip-fn-ap-dn-bn-te¡v- Nbs¸Sp-¯p-¶, ss__n-fnse Nne ]p-kvXI§fp-sS IÀ-¯m-
F¯nt\m-¡p-Ibpw Ahn-sS\n-¶v- kp-µcn-bm-b kv{- Xo- Ipfn-¡p¶ hm-b tkmfa³- Hcp-]m-Sv- tXm-¶n-hm-k§Ä- sNbvX hy-Iv-Xn-bmbn-
Xp-Im-Wp-t¼mÄ- Xsâ In-S¸dbn-te¡v- hcp-¯p-Ibpw- ibn-¡pI Nn{Xo-I-cn¡p¶Xv \½Ä- Im-tWn-hcp-¶p.- ss__n-fn-se ]e
bpw, ibn-¨Xn-\p- tijw- KÀ-`n-Wn-bm-bt¸mÄ- B KÀ`w- Xs³-d ]p-kXv- Ifn-epw- km-[m-cWKXnbnÂ- ]¨bm-bn- hm-bn-¡m³-t]mepw-
]Sbm-fn-bp-sS XebnÂ- sI«n-sh¡m³- ]cn-{ian-¡p-Ibpw- AXp- km-[y-aÃm-¯ ssew-Kn-I ]cmaÀ-i§Ä- IS¶p-hcp-¶Xv- \ap-¡v-
]cmPbs¸«t¸mÄ- ]Sbm-fn-sb NXn-¨p-sIm-Ãp- Ibp-saÃmw- sNbv- 3
hm-bnt¡n-hcp¶p.- sbk¡n-tben-s³d ]p-kv-XI¯nÂ 23þmw-
A[ym-bw- Hcp-Zm-lcWw,- CtXt]m-se \nch[n- DZm-lcW§Ä.-
F-¶p- ]-d-ªp--;- A-§-s\- A-¶p- cm-{Xn- A-hÀ- A-¸-s\- ho-ªp- Ip-Sn-¸n-¨p-;- C-fbhÄ-
sN-¶p- A-h-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS- i-bn-¨p-;- A-hÄ- i-bn-¨-Xpw- F-gp-t¶-ä-Xpw- A-h³- A-dn-ªnÃ.-
CXv- Rm³- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv- ss__n-fns\ hn-eIp-d¨p- Im-Wn¡m-
C-§-s\- tem-¯n-sâ- c-p- ]p-{Xn-am-cpw- A-¸-\mÂ- KÀ-`-w- [-cn-¨p''-.-(DÂ-]-¯n- 19:-32þ36) \Ã.- adn¨v [Àa-m[Àa§sf hyhtOZn¨v ImWn¡p¶XmIWw
3. ""Hcp-\mÄ kÔy-bm-Im-dmb ka-b¯v ZmhoZv sa¯-bnÂ\n¶v Fgp-t¶äv cmP-[m\nbp
thZ{K\vYsa¶ ]cnip² JpÀB\ns³d {]Ya am\ZWvUs¯
AXnPohn¡phm³ ss__nÄ A]cym]vXamsW¶v kqNn¸n¡p
sS amfn-I-taÂ Dem-¯-n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp kv{Xo Ipfn-¡p-¶Xv amfn-I-bnÂ
\n¶v Ip; B kv{Xo AXn-kp-µcn Bbn-cp-¶p. ZmhoZv Bf-b¨p B kv{Xosb¸än
At\z-jn-¸n-¨p. AhÄ Feo-bm-ansâ aIfpw lnXy-\mb Duco-bm-hnsâ `mcybpamb hm³ thnbmWv.
_¯v-þ-ti_ F¶v Adn-ªp. ZmhoZv ZqX-·msc Ab¨v Ahsf hcp¯n; AhÄ A
hsâ ASp-¡Â h¶p. AhÄ¡v EXp-ip²n h¶n-cp-¶-Xp-sImv Ah³ AhtfmSv tbip{InkvXphns\t¸mepw ss_-_nÄ -c-N-bn-Xm-¡-Ä- shdp
ibn¨p; AhÄ Xsâ ho«n-te¡v aS-§n-t¸m-bn. B kv{Xo KÀ`w [cn-¨p, Xm³ KÀ`nWn B
sX hn«n«nÃ F¶mWv Rm³ ]dbpI. IrXyambpw a\pjysc
kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw ssZhnI amÀKZÀi\¯nÂ hnizkn¡p
bncn-¡p¶p F¶v Zmho-Zn\v hÀ¯-am\w Ab-¨p. At¸mÄ ZmhoZv lnXy-\mb Ducobm
sh Xsâ ASp-¡Â Ab-¸m³ tbmhm-_n¶v IÂ]\ Ab-¨p. Duc-ob
- mhp Xsâ ASp-
¡Â h¶-t¸mÄ ZmhoZv Ah-t\mSv tbmhm-_n-sâbpw ]S-Ö-\-¯n-sâbpw kpJhÀ ¶bmfpIsfÃmhcpw ]utemkv ]dªXp t]mse ]dbpw. sIm
¯-am-\hpw bp²-¯nsâ hkvXp-Xbpw tNmZn-¨p. ]ns¶ ZmhoZv Duco-bm-thmSv: \o ho«nÂ
sN¶v Imep-Isf Igp-IpI F¶v ]d-ªp. Ducn-bmhp cmP-[m-\n-bnÂ\n¶v ]pd-s¸-
cnýÀs¡gpXnb H¶mw teJ\¯nÂ Bdmw A[ymb¯nse-
«-t¸mÄ cmPm-hnsâ k½m\w Ahsâ ]n¶mse sN¶p. Ducn-bmthm Xsâ ho«nÂ ]¯mas¯ hN\¯nÂ ]utemkv ]dªtÃm, "aZy]m\n kzÀ
t]mImsX bP-am-\sâ kIe `rXy-·m-tcm-Spw-IqsS cmP-[m-\n-bpsS hmXnÂ¡Â
InS-¶p-d-§n. Ducn-bmhp ho«nÂ t]mbnÃ F¶-dn-ª-t¸mÄ ZmhoZv Ducn-bmhn-t\mSv:
KcmPyw AhImiam¡pIbnÃ'- F¶v. CXv kzm`mhnIamWv.- aZyw
\o- bm-{X-bnÂ-\n-¶p- h-¶h-\Ã
- t
- bm?- \n-sâ- ho-«nÂ- t]m-Im-sX C-cp-¶X
- p- F´p- F¶p- a\pjys\ ab¡n¡nS¯p¶,- a\pjys³d Nn´miIvXnsbbpw
tNm-Zn-¨p.- Du-cn-bm-hp- Zm-ho-Z-n-t\m-Sp-:- s]«-Ihpw bn{km-tbepw sblq-Zbpw IqSm-c-§
_p²niIvXnsbbpw achn¸n¡p¶,- Hcp hkvXphmsW¶v \ap¡
dnbmw. Cu aZyw Xs³d AX-`v pX¯ns³d `mKambn \nÀan¨p \Â
fnÂ hkn-¡p-¶p; Fsâ bPam-\-\mb tbmhm_pw bP-am-\sâ `rXy-·mcpw shfn{¼
tZ-i¯v ]mf-b-an-d-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶p; A§-s\-bn-cns¡ Rm³ `£n-¸m\pw IpSn¸m\pw
Fsâ `mcy-tbm-Sp-IqsS ibn-¸m\pw Fsâ ho«nÂ IS-¡ptam? \n¶m-sW, \nsâ
IpIbpw P\§sf elcn]nSn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXh\mbn ss_
_n-fnse tbml-¶msâ kphn-tijw 2þmw A[ym-b-¯nse 1 apX
Poh-\m-sW, AXv Rm³ sNbvXX
- nÃ F¶v ]d-ªp. At¸mÄ ZmhoZv Ducobmhnt\m
Sv: \o C¶pw ChnsS Xma-kn¡p; \msf Rm³ \ns¶ ]d-ªb
- ¡pw F¶v ]d-ªp. A
§s\ Duco-bmhp A¶pw sbcq-it
- e-anÂ Xma-kn-¨p. ]nsä-¶mÄ ZmhoZv Ahs\ hnfn¨p; Â 11 hsc-bpÅ hN-\-§-fnÂ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ ]cn-N-b-s¸Sp-
1
Ah³ Ahsâ ap¼msI `£n¨p ]m\w sNbvXp; Ah³ Ahs\ el-cn-]n-Sn-¸n¨p;

F¦nepw Ah³ ho«nte¡v t]mImsX kÔy¡v sN¶v bP-am-\sâ `rXy-·m-tcmSp-
¯p-¶p. \DuZp_nÃm....- apkvenwIsf kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw
IqsS Xsâ hncn-¸nÂ InS-¶p. cmhnse ZmhoZv tbmhm-_n\v Hcp Fgp¯p FgpXn
Ducn-bm-hnsâ I¿nÂ sImSp-¯-b-¨p. Fgp-¯nÂ; ]S ITn-\-am-bn-cn¡p-t¶-S¯p 1. ""aq-¶mw- Zn-h-kw- Ko-en-ebn-se- I-\m-hnÂ- H-cp- Ieym-Ww- D-m-bn-cp-¶p-;- tb-ip-hn-sâ-
Ducn-bmth ap¶-Wn-bnÂ \nÀ¯n Ah³ sh«p-sImp acn-¡-¯-¡-h®w Ahs\ A-½- A-hn-sS- D-m-bn-cp-¶p.- tbip-hn- s
- \-bpw- in-jy³-am-sc-bpw- I-eym-W¯
- n-\v- £Wn-
hn«p ]n³am-dp-hn³ F¶v Fgp-Xn-bn-¡p-¶p. A§s\ Xt¶ bmthm_v B ]«-Ws¯ ¨n-cp-¶p.- ho-ªp- Xn-I-bm-sX- h-¶-t¸mÄ- tbip-hn-sâ- A-½- A-h-t\m-Sv-:- ""A-hÀ-¡p-
kq£n¨v t\m¡o«v iqc-·mÀ \nÂ¡p-¶-Xmbn I Øe¯v Ducobmth \nÀ¯n. ho-ªn-Ã''- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp.- tb-ip- A-h-tfm-Sv-:- ""kv-{Xo-tb,- F-\n-¡pw- \n-\-¡pw- F´v?-
]«-W-¡mÀ ]pd-s¸«v tbmhm-_n-t\mSv ]S-sh-«n-b-t¸mÄ Zmho-Znsâ `-S-·mcm-bn- ssk F-sâ- k-a-bw- C-Xp-h-sc- h-¶n-«n-Ã''- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp.- A-h-sâ- A-½- ip-{iq-j-I-tcm-Sv:-
\y-¯nÂ- NneÀ sIm-Ã-s¸-«p-;- lnXy-\mb Duco-bmhpw acn-¨p''-. (kmap-thÂ11:2þ17)- ""A-h³- \n-§-tfm-Sv- F-s´-¦n-epw- IÂ-]n-¨mÂ- A-Xv- sN-¿p-hn³''- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp.-
AXv Nnń¡m³ t]mepw km[yaÃ. ChnsS F´mWv Rm³ DZmlcW¯n\v, s- s__nfnÂ \ndªp\nÂ¡p¶ IYm]m{X
kqNn¸n¡p¶sX¶psh¨mÂ XoÀ¨bmbpw aZy¯ns\Xncmb am-b- CuPn]vXnse ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v \n§Ä Nnń¨p t\m¡p
hN\§Ä ss__nfnepv. ]t£, B hN\§Ä FSp¯p²cn I. "]À'- "B'- F¶ cv CuPn]vjy³ ]Z§fnÂ \n¶mWv a
¡pt¼mÄ kzm`mhnIambn hn-aÀ-i-IÀ- Xncn¨p tNmZn¡p¶p: tb lm`h\w' F¶v AÀYw hcp¶ ^tdmh F¶ ]ZapmIp¶Xv
ip{InkvXp Xs¶ Xs³d AXv`pX-ambn Im\mbnse IeymWhn F¶v \ap¡dnbmw. ss__nfnÂ ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v hniZoIcn
cp¶nÂ sh¨v ]¨shÅw hoªm¡n amäpIbpw P\§Ä¡v- ¡p¶pv. CuPn]vXns³d Ncn{Xs¯ 30 ssU\mkvänIfpsS
\ÂIpIbpw sNbvXntÃsb¶v. a\pjycpsS ssIIS¯epIÄ (Dynasties) Ncn{Xambn Xncn¨psImmWv CuPn]vtXmfPn-kväp
\S¡p¶ thZ {K\vY¯ns³d hnjb¯nÂ B tNmZyw kzm`mhn IÄ ]Tn¨psImncn¡p¶X.v C-Æn-j-b-I-am-bn- C¶v cNn¡s¸«
IamWv.- {K\vY§Ä \½psS ssIIfnÂ Dv. AtXt]mse Xs¶ \S¶p
CtXt]mseXs¶ ss__nfns\ ]n¶oSv ]cnNbs¸Sp¯s¸ sImncn¡p¶ KthjW§fpsS hnjb¯nÂ C¶v C³dÀs\
SmdpÅXv temI¯ns³d Bcw`w apXÂ tbip{InkvXphns³d änÂ\n¶v Uu¬ temUv sNbvX Hcp]mSv saäocnbepIÄ \½p
Imew hscbpÅ Ncn-{X-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v, AXsÃ¦nÂ At¸mkvXe sS ssIIfnepv. ChnsS Rm³ kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv ^tdmh F¶v
·mcpsS Imew hscbpÅ Ncn{Xs¯¡pdn¨v IrXyambn Adnhv CuPn]vXnse cmPm¡·msc hnfn¡m\mcw`n¨Xv 18-þmw ssU\m
\ÂIp¶ {K\vYw F¶mWv. ss__nÄ \ÂIp¶ Ncn{Xw Hcp kvänbpsS Ime¯msW¶m-Wvþ- CuPn]vXns³d Ncn{Xs¯, aq¶v
]cn[nhsc icnbmsW¶XnÂ A`n{]mb hyXymkw \ap¡nÃ. InwKvU§Äþ HmÄUv InwKvUw, anUnÂ InwKvUw, \yq InwKvUw
ImcWw AXv ssZhnI \nÀtZi{]Imcw IS¶p h¶ {]hmNI F¶n§s\ XcwXncn¨p sImv ]Tn¡p¶pþ AXn\v CS¡pÅ
·mcpsS D]tZi§fpw ssZhnIamb hN\§fpsaÃmw DÄs¡m InwKvU§fpapv. CXnÂ anUnÂ InwKvU¯ns³d Ime¯v,
Åp¶Xp sImpXs¶. ]t£, a\pjycpsS ssIIS¯epIÄ 18þmw cmPhwi¯ns³d Ime¯mWv CuPn]vjy³ cmPm¡·msc
\S¶XpsImv B Ncn{XhniZoIcW§fpsS cwK¯pt]mepw C§s\ hnfn¡phm³þ ^tdmhamsc¶v hnfn¡phm³þ XpS§nb
IrXyX ]men¡m³ ss__nfn\v km[n¡p¶nÃ F¶Xv BÀ¡n Xv F¶ hkvXpX Rm³ ]dbp¶ ImcyaÃ, F³sskt¢m]oUnb
tbmfPn¡Â FhnU³kv \ÂIp¶ sXfnhpIfpsS ASn-Øm\- {_n«m\n¡ FSp¯v ]cntim[n¨v t\m¡pI. AtXt]mseXs¶
¯nÂ sXfn-bn-¡m³ Ignbpw F¶pÅ hkvXpXIqSn \½Ä Im lmÀt]gv-kv ss__nÄ UnIvjW-dn FSp¯v ]cntim[n¨p t\m
Wm³ Iq«m¡mXncn¡cpXv F¶mWv F\n¡v kqNn¸n¡phm\p ¡p-I. s\Âk¬kv Ceypkvt{SäUv ss__nÄ UnIvjW-dn F
ÅXv. Sp¯v ]cntim[n¨p t\m¡pI. aebmf¯nÂ tUm. Un. _m_p
t]mÄ FgpXnb "thZi_vZ cXv\mIc'-sa¶ t]cnepÅ ss__n
A-hn-sS- b-lq-Z·
- m-cp-sS- B-Nm-ca
- \
- p-kc
- n-¨v- ip-²o-Ic
- W
- ¯
- n-\m-bp-Å- sh-Åw- \n-d¡p¶-
c-tm- aq-t¶m- ]-d- ho-Xw- sIm-Åp-¶- B-dp- IÂ-]m-{X-§Ä- D-m-bn-cp-¶p.- tbip-
Ä UnIvjW-dn FSp¯v ]cntim[n¨pt\m¡pI. C-h-bn-se-Ãmw
A-ht
- cm-Sv:- - ""Cu- IÂ-]m-{X-§f
- nÂ- sh-Åw- \n-d¡
- p-hn³''- F-¶p- ]-dª
- p;- A-hÀ ht¡m- \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶ ImcyamWXv.
fw- \n-d-¨p.- A-h³- A-h-tcm-Sv-:- ""C-t¸mÄ- tIm-cn- I-e-h-d-¡m-c-\p- sIm-p-t]m-bn- sImSp
¡p-hn³''- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp-;- A-hÀ- sIm-p-t]m-bn- sIm-Sp-¯p.- A-Xv- F-hn-sS- \n-¶mbncp-
]t£, \½Ä ss__nÄ ]cntim[n¨mÂ DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI
¶p-sh-¶v- sh-Åw- tIm-cn-b- i-p-{iq-j-¡m-c-Ãm-sX- I-e-h-d-¡m-c³- A-dn-ªn-Ã-;- hoªm- ¯nÂ 12þmw A[ymb¯nÂ 10 apXÂ 20 hscbpÅ hN\§fnÂ
bn-¯-oÀ-¶- sh-Åw- I-e-h-d-¡m-c³- cp-Nn-¨p- t\m-¡n-b- ti-jw- a-W-hm-f-s\- hn-fn-¨p-:-
""F-Ãm-h-cpw- B-Zyw- \-Ã- ho-ªpw- e-l-cn-]n-Sn-¨- ti-jw- Xmgv-¶-X-cw- ho-ªpw- sImSp-
A{_lmans³d ImeL«¯nse CuPn]vXnse cmPmhns\ Bdp
¡m-dp-v;- \o- \-Ã- ho-ªv- C-Xp-h-sc-bpw- kq-£n-¨p- sh-¨p-h-tÃm''- F-¶-h-t\m-Sp- ]d XhWbmWv ^tdmh F¶v hnfn¨n«pÅXv. Ncn{X]cambn ]cn
ªp.- tb-ip- C-Xv- A-Ûp-X§
- f
- p-sS- B-cw-à
- m-bn- K-eo-eb
- n-se- Im-\m-hnÂ sh-¨v- sNbvXv-
X- s â- a- l - X zw- sh- f n- s ¸- S p- ¯ n;- A- h - s â- in- j y- · mÀ- A- h - \ nÂ- hn- i z- k n- ¨ p''- . -
tim[n¨pt\m¡nbmÂ \ap¡p ImWm³ Ignbp¶ Imcyw A{_
(tbml¶m³- 2:-1þ11)- lmw Pohn¨ncp¶Xv {InkvXphn\v GItZiw 2300 sImÃ§Ä¡p
ap¼mWv F¶pw HmÄUv InwKvU¯ns³d Ahkm\ ImeL« s³d ]p{X\mb Zm\ns³d a¡Äþ Zm\nbÀ F¶v Adnbs¸Sp¶
¯nembncn¡pw At±l¯ns³d PohnXsa¶psaÃmamWv.- C-Xm- hÀ,- AhÀ AhcpsS kztZiw \jvSs¸«t¸mÄ tetiw F¶
Wv ]WvUnX·mcpsS A`n{]mbsa¶ hnjb¯nepw CjvSwt]m {]tZiw ]nSn¨S¡pIbpw X§fpsS ]qÀh ]nXmhmb Zm\ns³d
se tcJIÄ \½psS ssIhiapv. AXpt]mseXs¶ tbmk t]cv B {]tZi¯n\v \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp F¶v. bmt¡m_n 1
^ns³d ImeL«¯nse CuPn]vXnse cmPmhns\ Ipdn¨pw ^ s³d ]p{X\mb Zm\ns³d a¡fmb Zm\nbcmWv Zms\¶ {]tZi
tdm-hs- b¶ ]cm-aÀi-ap-v. tbmk^ns³d PohnXImew _n. kn. ¯n\v B t]cv \ÂIp¶Xv. F¶mÂ, DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw 14þmw
1650þIfpsS ImeL«¯nembncn¡psa¶m-Wv- e`n¡s¸« BÀ A[ymb¯nÂ 14þmw hN\¯nÂ A{_lmw {]hmNI³ Xs³d 2
¡ntbmfPn¡Â FhnU³kkns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ ]WvUn IqsSbpÅ 318 ]SbmfnItfmsSm¸w Xs³d i{Xphns\ Zm³ hsc
X·mÀ F¯p¶ \nKa\w.- GXmbncp¶mepw tbmk^v anUnÂ ]n´pSÀ¶p F¶ ]cmaÀiw ImWm³ Ignbpw. Zm³ A{_lman
InwKvU¯nembncn¡pw Pohn¨ncp¶sX¶ Imcy¯nÂ ]WvUn s³d Ime¯nÃm¯ {]tZiamWv F¶pÅXmWv kXyw. (A\p-
X·mÀ¡nSbnÂ A`n{]mbmć§fnÃþ ss__nÄ ]WvUnX _Ôw 2 ImWp-I.)
·mÀ¡nSbnepmhmw; F\n¡dnbnÃþ s]mXpsh Rm\nXv kqNn CtXt]mseXs¶ tbip{InkvXphns³d PohnX¯nepÅ
¸n¡p¶Xv ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ Xs¶ t\ct¯ kqNn¸n¨ Ncn{X hniZoIcW¯nÂ \nch[n A_²§Ä \ap¡v ImWp
{K\vY§fnÂ ]dªXns³d ASnkvYm\¯nemWv. At¸mÄ hm³ km[n¡pIbmWv. \n§Ä ]cntim[n¨p t\m¡pI. amÀ
Cu-Pn-]vX- p-ImÀ- ^tdmh F¶ hnfn Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\p ap¼pX t¡mkns³d kphntijw H¶mw A[ymb¯nse 12,13 hN\§
s¶ ss__nÄ CuPn]vXnse cmPm¡·msc ^tdmh F¶v hnfn fnÂ tbip{InkvXphns³d PohnX¯nse Hcp {][m\ kw`ham
¡p¶p.- AYhm ss__nfnÂ Cu hN\§Ä cNn¡s¸«Xv H-cp- bn hniZoIcn¡s¸Sp¶ PvRm\kv\m\¯n\p tijw,- kv\m]\
A_-²- k-¦Â-]¯ - n-sâ- A-Sn-Øm-\¯
- n-em-W.v- - tamibpsS sXm«p ¯n\p tijw tbip{InkvXp DS³Xs¶ t]mIp¶Xv acp`qanbn
ap¼mWv ^tdmh F¶ kwt_m[\mcoXnbmcw`n¨Xv F¶v te¡mWv. acp`qanbnÂ ]n¶oSv 40 Znhkw h\yarK§tfmsSm¸w
BÀ¡ntbmfPn¡Â FhnU³kns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ ]Wv Xmakn¨p F¶pw km¯m³ 40 Znhkw At±ls¯ {]tem`n¸n
UnX·mÀ hyIvXam¡pIbmWv. At¸mÄ Cu hnfn Bcw`n¨ ¨p sImncp¶psh¶pw B {]tem`\¯ns³d kab¯v ssZh 3
tamibpsS Imew Ignªv Hcp]mSv Imew Ignªv teJ\§fpw- ZqX·mÀ At±ls¯ kwc£n¨ncp¶psh¶psaÃmapÅ hN\
]pkvXIfp-sagpXp¶bmfpIÄ¡v;- kzm`mhnIambpw Ah-sb-gpXp- §Ä ImWm³ Ignbpw. F¶mÂ, PvRm\kv\m\¯ns³d DSs\
¶- Im-e-¯v- CuPn]vXpImÀ cmPmhns\ ^tdmh F¶mbncp¶p bpÅ kwKXnIÄ tbml¶m³ ]dbpt¼mÄ tbml¶ms³d
hn-fn¨Xv F¶XpsImpXs¶ A{_lmans³dbpw tbmk^n kphntij¯nse H¶mw A[ymb¯nse 29 apXÂ 43 hscbp
s³dbpw Imes¯ÃmapÅ cmPm¡·msc- A¶papXÂt¡ A§
s\bmbncn¡pw hnfn¨Xv F¶ A`yql¯ns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ 1.- ""F-¶mÂ- Zm³-a-¡-fp-sS- tZ-iw- A-hÀ-¡v- \-jv-S-s¸-«p-t]m-bn-.- A-Xp-sIm-v- Zm³-a¡Ä-
FgpXnbXp sImmWv Cu A_²apmbXv F¶pÅXmWv ]p-d-s¸-«v- se-si-an-t\m-Sp- bp-²w- sN-bv-Xv- A-Xn-s\- hm-Ä -sIm-v- Io-g-S-¡n- B- tZ-iw-
bmYmÀYyw. (A\p-_Ôw 1 ImWp-I.)

ssI-h-i-am-¡n- A-hn-sS- ]mÀ-¯p-;- te-si-an-\v- X-§-fp-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-sâ- t]-c-\p-k-cn-¨v-
Zm-³- F-¶p- t]-cn-«p''-.- (tb-m-ip-h 19:-47)--
ss__nfns³d Bć`mKt¯¡v IS¶p sN¶mÂ CXpt]m 2. ""X-sâ- k-tlm-Z-c-]p-{X-s\- X-S-hpIm-c-\m-bn- sIm-p-t]m-b- hn-h-cw- A-{_l-mw-
Adnªt¸mÄ- A-h³- X-sâ- ho-«nÂ- P-\n-¨-h-cpw- A-`ym-kn-I-fp-am-b- 318 t]-sc- Iq-«n-
se \nch[n Ncn{X]camb A_²§Ä \ap¡v Is¯phm³ s¡m-v- Zm³- h-sc- A-h-sc- ]n-´p-SÀ-¶p''--.- (DÂ-¸-¯n- 14:-14)-
km[n¡pw. \ap¡v tbmi-phmbpsS ]pkvXI¯nÂ 19þmw A[ym 3.- ""A-\-´-cw- B-ßm-hv- A-h-s\- a-cp-`q-an-bn-te-¡v- t]m-Ip-hm³- \nÀ-_-Ôn-¨p.- A-hn-sS-
A-h³- 40 Zn-h-kw- km-¯m-\mÂ- ]-co-£n-¡-s¸-«v- h-\y-ar-K-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS- B-bn-cp¶p;-
b¯nse 47þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ ImWm³ Ignbpw bmt¡m_n Zq-X-·mÀ- A-h-s\- ip-{iq-jn-¨p-t]m-¶p''-.- (aÀ-s¡m-kv- 1:-12þ13)-
Å hN\§fnÂ \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbpw B PvRm\kv\m\w anÃ. ImcWw {]hN\§Ä ssZhnIamWv. Ah ]qÀ¯oIcn¡
Ignª ]ntä¶v tbml¶m³ kv\m]I³ cpt]tcmsSm¸w s¸Spw. {]hmNI·mcpsS hN\§fpÅXpsImv Ah ]qÀ¯o
\nÂ¡pt¼mÄ tbip{InkvXp \S¶pt]mIp¶Xmbn, acp`qanbn Icn¡s¸SpI Xs¶ sN¿pw. ]t£, ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sm¯
eqsSbÃ, tbml¶ms³d ap¶neqsS! -B kab¯v At±lw {]hN\§fps¦nÂ AXn\ÀYw AXv {]hmNI·mcpsS hN\
]dªp: CXm ssZh¯ns³d IpªmSv. AXn\p ]ntä¶v hopw §fÃ F¶pXs¶btÃ?- A{_lmant\mSv ssZhw X¼pcm³
]dbp¶p: CXm ssZh¯ns³d Ip-ªm-Sv! tbip- A-t±-l-¯nsâ- ]dbp¶Xmbn DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯nÂ 15þmw A[ymbw 13 apX
ap-¶n-eq-sS- hopw \S¶pt]mIp¶p. AXn\p]ntä¶v Keoenbn Â 17 hscbpÅ hN\§fnÂ hniZoIcn¨n«pÅ {]hN\w D-Zm-
te¡p t]mIp¶ tbip{InkvXphns\bmWv \mw ImWp¶Xv, l-c-Ww.- AXnÂ Im\m³ tZis¯¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼mÄ Cu
acp`qanbnte¡Ã. Npcp¡¯nÂ tbiphns³d Nc-n{Xw ]dbp
1
tZit¯¡v \ns³d \memw XeapdbnÂs]« k´XnIÄ Xncn
t¼mgpw C¯-cw- sshcp²y§Ä- \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶p. s¨¯psa¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. ChnsS {]hN\¯ns³d ]qÀ¯oI
tZhmebip²oIcWw FÃm kphntij§fpw Htct]mse cW-sa-¶v- ]-d-bm-hp-¶- X-c-¯nÂ- ]n¶oSv Cu A{_lmans³d
]dbp¶ tbiphns³d PohnX¯nse Hcp kw`hamWv. Cu tZhm k´-XnIÄ Im\m³ tZit¯¡v Xncns¨¯p¶Xv \ap¡v Im
eb ip²oIcWw tbiphns³d s]mXphmb t{]j-W {]hÀ¯ Wm³ Ignbpw; tamibpsS ImeL«¯nemWn-Xv. tamibmIs« 1
\§Ä Bcw`n¡p¶ ImeL«¯nÂ- BZyambn \S¶ {]hÀ¯ A{_lmans³d Ggmas¯ XeapdbnÂs]« hyIvXnbmWv.
\ambn tbml¶m³ hniZoIcn¡pt¼mÄ At±l¯ns³d Pohn A{_lmw ]p{X³ Ckvlm¡v, ]p{X³ bm¡q_v, ]p{X³ tehn,
X¯ns³d Ahkm\¯nÂ, {IqioIcW¯ns³d sXm«pap¼v ]p{X³ Imlm¯v, ]p{X³ Awdmw, B Awdmans³d ]p{X\mWv
\S¶ {]hÀ¯\ambn«mWv a¯mbnbpw amÀt¡mkpw eqt¡m tamisb¶v \½Ä a\Ênem¡pI. Ggmas¯ XeapdbnemWv
kpsaÃmw hniZoIcn¡p¶Xv. Ncn{X]camb sshcp²y§fmWv I-m-\m-³- tZ-i-¯v- A-hÀ- Xncns¨¯p¶Xv.
Rm\nhnsS kqNn¸n¨Xv. (A\p-_Ôw 3 t\m¡p-I.) tbip{InkvXphnÂ t]mepw CXpt]msebpÅ {]hN\§Ä
CtXt]mseXs¶ ChnsS kqNn¸n¡s¸« {]hN\§fpsS Btcm]n¡p¶ hnjb¯nÂ kphntijIÀ¯m¡Ä¡v bmsXm
hnjb¯ne-pw- {]-iv-\-§-fp-v.- ss__nfnse Hcp]mSv {]hN\ cp aSnbpapmbncp¶nÃ. tbip{InkvXphnsâ {]hN\w sXänsb
§Ä ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«n«pv F¶ Imcy¯nÂ kwibsam¶p ¶v Rm³ BXvamÀYambn hnizkn¡p¶nÃ. ImcWw, tbip{In
kvXp alm\mb Hcp {]hmNI\mWv. apl½Zn (e)s\t¸msebp
1.- ""]n-sä-¶mÄ- tbm-l-¶m³- ]n-s¶-bpw- X-sâ- in-jy-·m-cnÂ- c-p- t]-cp-am-bn- A-hn-sS- Å Hcp {]hmNI³.- At±l¯nsâ Hcp {]hN\w sXänsb¶p
\nÂ-¡p-t¼-mÄ- I-S¶
- p- t]m-Ip-¶- tb-ip-hn-s\- t\m-¡n-:- ""C-Xm- ssZ-h¯
- n-sâ- IpªmSv-
F-¶p- ]-d-ªp''.- A-h³- ]-d-ª-Xv- B- c-v- in-jy-·mÀ- tI-«v- tb-ip-hn-s\- A-\pKan¨p.-
]dªmÂ At±lw {]hmNI\Ã F¶mWv AÀYw. \DuZp_n
tb-ip- Xn-cn-ªv- A-hÀ- ]n-¶m-se- h-cp-¶-Xv- I-v- A-h-tcm-Sv-:- ""\n-§Ä- F-´v- At\zjn-
¡p-¶p?''- F-¶p- tNm-Zn-¨p.- A-hÀ-:- ""dºo (C-Xn-\v- Kp-cp-sh-¶À-°w),- \o- F-hn-sS- 1.- ""A-t¸mÄ- A-h³- A-{_m-an-t\m-Sv- A-cp-fn-sN-bv-Xp--:- ""\n-sâ- k-´-Xn- X-§-fp-tS-X-Ãm¯-
]mÀ-¡p-¶p?''- F-¶p- tNm-Zn-¨p.- A-h³- A-h-tcm-Sv:- ""h-¶p- Im-Wp-hn³''- F-¶p- ]dªp.- H-cp- tZ-i-¯v- \m-\q-dv- hÀ-jw- ]-c-tZ-in-I-fp-w- A-Sn-a-I-fp-am-bn- ]o-U-n-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-¶v
A-§-s\- A-h³- Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶- Ø-ew- A-hÀ- sN-¶v- I-v- A-¶p- A-h-t\m-Sp- Iq-sS- \o- \n-iv-N-b-am-bpw- A-dn-ªp- sIm-Åp-I.- ]-t£- A-hÀ- A-Sn-a-I-fm-bn- tk-hn-¡p-¶-
]mÀ-¯p-;- A-t¸mÄ- G-I-tZ-iw- ]-¯mw-a-Wn- t\c-am-bn-cp-¶p.- A-h³- X-sâ- k-tlmZc- P-\-X-sb- \y-m-bw- hn-[n-¡pw-;- A-Xn-\v- ti-jw- A-hÀ- h-f-sc- k-¼-t¯m-Sp-Iq-sS- AhnSw-
\m-b- in-tam-s\- B-Zyw- I--v A-h-t\m-Sv-:- ""R-§Ä- a-in-lm-sb-,- A-Xm-b-Xv- {In-kvXphn- hn-«v- t]m-cpw.- \o-tbm- \-Ã- hmÀ-²y-Iy-¯nÂ- k-am-[m-\-t¯m-sS- \n-sâ- ]n-Xm-I-·mtcmSv-
s\- I-s-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p''- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp.- A-h³- A-h-s\- tb-ip-hn-sâ- A-Sp-¡Â- tN-cp-I-bpw- kw-kv-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.- \m-emw- X-e-ap-dbnÂ- \n-sâ- k-´-Xn-
sI-m-p-h-¶p;- tb-ip- A-h-s\- t\m-¡n-:- ""\o- tb-l-¶m-sâ- ]p-{X-\m-b- in-tam-\m-Ip¶p;- C-hn-sS- Xn-cn-s¨-¯pw-;- A-tam-c-y-cp-sS- A-Xn-{I-aw- C-\n-bpw- ]q-À-®-am-bn-«n-Ã''.- kq-c-y³-
\o- tI-^-m- F-¶p- hn-fn-¡-s¸-Spw''- (C-Xn-\v- ]-t{Xm-kv- F-¶À-°w)- F-¶p- ]-d-ªp.- A-kv-X-an-¡p-I-bpw- C-cpÄ- hym-]n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-t¸mÄ- ]p-I-bp-¶- H-cp- Xo-Nq-fbpw-
]nsä-¶mÄ- tb-ip- K-eo-eb
- n-te-¡v- ]p-ds
- ¸-Sp-hm³- `m-hn-¨t
- ¸mÄ- ^n-en-t¸m-kn-s\- Ip:- I-¯p-¶- H-cp- Xo- ]-´-hpw- B- amw-k- `m-K-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-eq-sS- I-S-¶p- t]m-bn''-.- (DÂ-
""F-s¶- A-\p-K-an-¡p-I''- F-¶-h-t\m-Sp- ]-d-ªp''-.- (tbm-l-¶m³- 1:-35þ43)- ]¯n- 15:-13þ17)-
Ãm-lv-þ F\n¡§s\ ]dbp¶Xv Nnń¡m³ t]mepw km[yaÃ. {]Xy£s¸Sp¶ kab¯v \n§fnÂ 12 t]À C{kmtbense 12
F¶mÂ, ss__n-fnÂ- tbip{InkvXp {]hNn-¡pIbpw AXv sXän tKm{X§Ä¡v \ymbw hn[n¨psImv 12 knwlmk\§fnencn
bXmbn \ap¡v ImWm³ IgnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p. F´psImv? ¡pw.' tbip{InkvXphns³d 12 At¸mkvXe·msc¡pdn¨pÅ
tbiphnÂ {]hN\w Btcm]n¡s¸«XpsImv. {]hN\amWnXv. Cu 12 At¸mkvXe·mÀ \ymbhn[nbpsS \mfn
a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw 16þmw A[ymb¯nÂ 28þmw hN\ Â 12 knwlmk\§fnÂ C{kmboens³d 12 tKm{X§Ä¡v \ymbw
¯nÂ tbip{InkvXp ]dbp¶Xv ""a\pjy]p{X³ ssZhcmPy¯n hn[n¨psImncn¡psa¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. bqZmkvCkvImcntbm
Â BKa\mIp¶ kab¯v A¶phsc acWw {]m]n¡m¯ NneÀ ¯S¡apÅ 12 t]À. bqZmkvCkvImcntbm¯n\v tbip{InkvXp
ChnsS \nÂ]pv''-. A¶phsc acWw {]m]n¡m¯þ tbiphn hns³d ]p\cmKa\\mfnÂ,- ]p\ÀPohnX¯ns³d \mfnÂ C{km
s³d cmw BKa\w hsc acWw{]m]n¡m¯ NneÀ ChnsS boens³d Hcp tKm{X¯n\v \ymbw hn[n¨psImncn¡phm\pÅ
\nÂ]pv F¶v tbip{InkvXp ]dbp¶Xv \ap¡p hmbn¡phm `mKyw, A\p{Klw \ÂIs¸Sptam?-- AXÃ, a\pjy]p{Xs\ {Iq
³ km[n¡pIbmWv. CtXImcywXs¶ eqt¡mkns³d kphn in¡phm³, HäpsImSp¡phm³ thn ]cn{ian¨Xn\v At±lw
tijw H¼Xmw A[ymb¯nse 27þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ tbip hn[n¡s¸Sptam?- \mw Nnń¡pI. apkvenwIÄ hnizkn¡p¶Xv
]dbp¶Xmbn \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbpw. F´mWv kw`hn¨Xv?- At±lw hn[n¡s¸Spw, XoÀ¨bmbpw At±lw NXn¨Xp sIm
A¶s¯ BfpIfnÂ BcpwXs¶ C¶v _m¡nbnÃ F¶pw pXs¶ hn[n¡s¸Spw. At±l¯ns\Xnsc ]S¨X¼pcm³
FÃmhcpw acWs¸«psh¶pw cmbncw sImÃ§Ä Ignªp Ahs³d \ymbhn[n \S¸m¡pIXs¶ sN¿pw F¶mWv. At¸m
F¶papÅ hkvXpX \ap¡dnbmw. tbip C¶pw h¶n«nÃ. hcp Ä, Cu {]hN\hpw icnbmbnÃ F¶v \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbpw.
sa¶mWv \½psS {]Xo£. At¸mÄ tbiphns³d Cu hN\w C§s\ \nch[n Imcy§Ä. (A\p-_Ôw 4 ImWp-I.)
sXän. B sXänb {]h-N\w tbip{InkvXp Xs¶ ]dªXmsW imkv{X¯ns³d hnjbw ChnsS ]dªp. imkv{Xw hniZam
¦nÂ BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXIw 18þmw A[ymb¯nse 19 apXÂ¡p bn NÀ¨ sN¿phm³ Ahkcw CÃ. ChnsS Hcp e£¯nÂ]cw
Å hN\{]Imcw tbip IÅ{]hmNI\msW¶v ]dtbnhcpw. cq]bpsS hnjbw ]dªp. Ccp]Xv imkv{Xm_²§Ä Rms\
\DuZp_nÃmlvþ- tbip{InkvXp IÅ{]hmNI\Ã. B {]hN\w s³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dªn«pv F¶mWv. (A-\p-_Ôw 5
tbip{InkvXphnÂ a¯mbn Btcm]n¨XmWv F¶mWv Rm³ ImWp-I.) B ]pkvXIamWv ChnsS DbÀ¯n¡mWn¨Xv. C³
]dbpI. im AÃmlv! Cu 20 imkv{Xm_²§fpsS hnjb§Ä¡p-Å-
C-tXt]mse tbip{InkvXphnÂ Btcm]n¡s¸« \nch[n adp-]-Sn- IrXyambn, hkvXp\njvTambn, imkv{Xobambn, Kthj
{]hN\§fp-v.- H¶p IqSn DZmlcWambn ]dbs«þ a¯mbnbp WmXvaIambn FgpXn¯cpIbmWv F¦nÂ CXm "Z {Sq¯pw'-
sS kphntijw 19þmw A[ymb¯nse 28þmw hN\¯nÂ a¯mbn "\n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯pw'- H¶n¨v \½Ä ChnsS kwhmZw \S¯nbntÃ,
tbip{InkvXphnÂ Btcm]n¡p¶ {]hN\w , tbip{InkvXp ]d 1 AtXt]mse H¶n¨v \ap¡v B hnjb¯nÂ Hcp ]pkvXIand
bp¶Xmbn ]dbp¶ {]hN\w: "CXm bpKkam]vXnbpsS B ¡n¡fbmw F¶mWv A¡mcy¯nÂ F\n¡v kqNn¸n¡phm\p
\mfnÂ a\pjy]p{X³ A\p{Kl§fpsS knwlmk\¯nÂ ÅXv. ]t£, Rm³ ]dbs«, FÃm Imcy¯nepw AsXÃmw
D]ame¦mcamWv F¶p ]dªpsImv XÅm³ \ap¡v Ignbp
1. ""tbip Ah-tcmSv ]d-ªXv; Fs¶ A\p-K-an-¨n-cn-¡p¶ \n§Ä ]pXp-tem-I-¯nÂ am-bn-cn-¡p-w. ]-t£,- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xm-tWm- F-¶v- Nn-ń-¡p-hm³-
a\p-jy-]p-{X³ Xsâ al-Xz-¯nsâ knwlm-k-\-¯nÂ Ccn-¡p-t¼mÄ \n§fpw 12
knwlm-k\
- ¯
- nÂ Ccp¶p bn{km-tbÂtKm{Xw 12 \pw \ymbw hn[n¡pw F¶p Rm³
\mw- X-b-m-dm-hp-I-sb-¶m-Wv F-sâ- A-t]-£-.-
kXy-ambn \n§-tfmSp ]d-bp-¶p''-. (-a-¯mbn 19:28) `qansb¡pdn¨v ss__nÄ ]dbp¶ Imcyw ]dªp. ss__n
fnÂ kp_²amb \nch[n {]kvXmh\Ifpv. B {]kvXmh\I ImWn¨psImSp¯ km¯ms\¡pdn¨v? Fhdkväv ]ÀhX¯n 1
sfÃmw {]hmNI·mÀ ]dªXpsImv kp_²amWv. F¶mÂ s³d apIfnÂ t]mbmÂt]-mepw AXv ImWWsa¦nÂ `qansb
A_²§fpv. AXn\p ImcWw a\pjyÀ IS¯n¡q«nbXmWv. ]c¯msX \nÀhmlanÃ F¶pÅXv kXyamWv.
F´mWv A_²w? `qansb¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶ Imcy§sfSp¯v ISpIpaWnsb¡pdn¨v Rms\gpXnbXv kXyamWv. AYhm
]cntim[n¨p t\m¡pI. ss__nfnse `qan XqWpIfnÂ kvYnXn a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw 13þmw A[ymb¯nse 32þmas¯ hN
sN¿p¶ `qanbmWv. \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶ ImcyatÃ imap \¯nepw amÀt¡mkns³d kphntijw \memw A[ymb¯nse
2
thens³d H¶mw ]pkvXI¯nse cmw A[ymb¯nse F«ma 31þmas¯ hN\¯nepw ISpIpaWnbmWv `qanbnse Gähpw
3
s¯ hN\¯nÂ XqWpIfnÂ kvYnXn sN¿p¶ `qansb¡pdn¨v sNdnb hn¯v F¶mWv FgpXnbn«pÅXv. CXv ]pcmX\ ImeL
]dbp¶Xv! AtXt]mseXs¶ \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶ Imcy
1
«¯nse ss__nÄ ]cn`mjIÄ ]cntim[n¨psImv- ]-d-bp¶-
atÃ 104þmas¯ k¦oÀ¯\¯nse A©mas¯ hN\¯nÂ X-Ã-.- Cw¥ojnÂ ]pXpXmbn Cd§nbn«pÅ dnsshkvUv kväm³
CfImsX \nÂ¡p¶, Hcp kvYe¯v {]XnjvTn¨n«pÅ Hcn¡epw tUÀUv thÀj³ tlmfn ss__nÄ FSp¯v ]cntim[n¡pI.
Nen¡msX \nÂ¡p¶ `qansb¡pdn¨v! - \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp
2
AtXt]mseXs¶ Cw¥ojnend§nbn«pÅ \yq C³dÀ\mj\Â
¶ ImcyatÃ shfn]mSp ]pkvXI¯nÂ Ggmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ thÀj³ FSp¯v ]cntim[n¡pI. C\n ss__nfnse kIe
H¶mas¯ hN\¯nÂ ]dbp¶ \mep aqeIfpÅ `qansb¡p sXäpIfpw Xncp¯ns¡mv ]pd¯nd¡nsb¶v ]dbp¶ sIm¨n
dn¨v! \ap¡pXs¶ ImWm³ Ignbp¶ ImcyatÃ Zm\nbens³d
3 bnepw Xncph\´]pc¯papÅ aebmfnIÄ {]kn-²o-Ic- n¨ hnip
\memw A[ymb¯nse 10þDw 11þDw hN\§fnÂ \op\nhÀ¶p ² kXythZ]pkvXIhpw hnip² thZ]pkvXIhpw 90þIfnÂ
\nÂ¡p¶ BImit¯mfw s]m§n\nÂ¡p¶ acs¯¡p-dn-¨v. 4 Cd§nbXmWv. ChbnseÃmw Gähpw sNdnb hn¯v ISpIpaWn
`qanbpsS FÃm Zn¡pIfnÂ\n¶pw ImWm³ km[n¡p¶ Hcp Xs¶bmWv. AXpsImpXs¶ Rm³ Unkvtäm«v sNbvXXÃ.
acw, AXv BImit¯mfaÃ, AXnt\¡mÄ A[nIw s]m§nbm bYmÀY¯nÂ AhnsS sXäp ]änbXmWv. kzm`mhnIambpw
epw AXns\ `qanbpsS FÃm Zn¡nÂ\n¶pw ImWmsa¦nÂ `qan a¯mbn¡v aäp ]e hnjb§fnepw ]änb sXäns\t¸mse Hcp
]c¡Wsa¶ Imcy¯nÂ \ap¡v kwibanÃ. \ap¡v ImWm³ sXäp]änbmÂ AXv a¯mbnbpsS sXämbn \½Ä ]cnKWn¨p
Ignbp¶ ImcyatÃ, a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw \memw A[ymb sImSp¡pI F¶mWv AÆnjbIambn F\n¡v kqNn¸n¡m\p
¯nse- F«mas¯ hN\¯nÂ ]ÀhX¯ns³d apIfnte¡v ÅXv.
tbiphns\ sImpt]mbn `qanbnse kIe knwlmk\§fpw CtXt]mseXs¶bmWv ]et¸mgpw ss__nfnse sshcp²y
§sf¡pdn¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fpw. ss__nÄ sshcp²y§fpsS
1. ""`qan-bpsS XqWpIÄ btlm-h-¡p-Åh; `qa-WvU-es¯ Ah-bpsS taÂ sh¨n-cn¡p- tIZmcamsW¶pÅXv Hcp kXyamWv. CXn\v ImcWw a\p
¶p''-. (-1im-ap-thÂ2:8)
2. ""Ah³ `q-ansb AsXm-cn-¡epw Cf-In-t¸m-hm
- -¯-h®w AXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n³
jycpsS cN\IfpmbXmWv. \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbp¶ kXy
taÂ Øm]n-¨n-cn¡p¶p''-. (k-¦oÀ¯-\-§Ä104:5)
3. ""AXnsâ tijw `qantaepw IS-en³ta-epw- bmsXmcp hr£-¯n³ta-epw- Imäv 1. ""]ns¶ ]nimNv Ahs\ Gähpw DbÀs¶mcp aetaÂ Iq«n-s¡mp t]mbn temI
DuXmXn-cn-t¡--Xn\p \mep ZqX³amÀ `pan-bnse \mep Imäpw ]nSn¨p sImp ¯n-epÅ kIe cmPy-§-sfbpw Ah-bpsS al-Xz-s¯bpw ImWn¨p''.-(a¯mbn 4:8)
`qan-bpsS \mep-tIm-Wnepw \nÂ¡p-¶Xv Rm³ Ip''-.(-sh-fn-]mSv ]pkvXIw 7:1) 2. ""kzÀ¤-cmPyw ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmSp kZriyw; AXv a\p-jy³ FSp¯p Xsâ hb-enÂ
4. ""InS-¡-bnÂ h¨v F\n-¡p-mb ZÀi\w CXm-Ip-¶p; `qan-bpsS \Sp-hnÂ Rm³ C«p. -AXv FÃm hn¯nepw sNdp-sX-¦nepw hfÀ¶p kky-§-fnÂ Gähpw hepXm
Hcp hr£w Ip; AXv Gähpw Db-c-ap-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.-B- hr£w hfÀ¶p _e-s¸ bn''.- (a¯mbn 13:32)
«p;- AXv BIm-i-t¯mfw Db-c-ap-ÅXpw kÀÆ-`q-an-bp-sSbpw Aä-t¯mfw ImWmhp 3. ""AXp ISp-Ip-aW
- n-tbmSp kZriyw; AXns\ a®nÂ hnX-bv¡p-t¼mÄ `qan-bnse FÃm
¶Xpw Bbn-cp-¶p''-. (Zm\n-tbÂ 4:10,11) hn¯nepw sNdn-b-Xv''-. (amÀt¡mkv 4:31)
amWXv. \ntj[n¨n«v ImcyanÃ. Fs´ms¡-b-mWv ss__nfnse 26 t]À am{XamWv. a¯mbn ZmhoZns³d aI\mb ietam\nÂ
1
sshcp²y§sf-¶v- \n§Ä ]cntim[n¨p t\m¡pI. ss__nfnÂ þtkmfa\nÂþ tbiphns³d hwimhenbpsS ]nXrXzw Btcm]n
\qdpIW¡n\v sshcp²y§Ä FSp¯p²cn¡m³ km[n¡pw. ¡pt¼mÄ eqt¡mkv sN¿p¶Xv ZmhoZns³d ]p{X\mb \mYm\n
kaba\phZn¡p¶nÃtÃm. Â Cu ]nXrXzw Btcm]n¡pIbmWv. tbmtk^ns³d ]nXmhm
ss__nfnÂ a\pjycpsS IchncpXpIÄ \S¶XpsImv km cmWv F¶ hnjb¯nÂ hsc A`n{]mbhyXymkamWv. tbmtk
¯m³ IÀ¯mhmbn amdp¶ sshcp²yapv. imapthens³d c ^ns\ P\n¸n¨Xv bmt¡m_msW¶v a¯mbn ]dbpt¼mÄ tbm
mw ]pkvXIw 24þmw A[ymb¯nÂ H¶mas¯ hN\¯nÂ tk^ns³d ]nXmhv tlenbmsW¶mWv eqt¡mkns³d A`n
C{kmboens\Xnsc Xncnªv AhcpsS P\kwJysbSp¡m³ {]mbw.
thn ZmhoZns\ t{]cn¸n¨Xv IÀ¯mhmWv F¶v \½Ä ImWp 1
tbiphns³d D]tZi¯ns³d hnjb¯nep-ap-v- ssh-cp-[y-
t¼mÄ CtXImcyw ZmhoZns\ t{]cn¸n¨Xv km¯m\mWv F¶m §Ä-. tbip sshcp²yw ]dbptam? ]dbnÃ. R§sfÃmhcpw
Wv Zn\hr¯m´w H¶mw ]pkvXI¯nse 21þmw A[ymb¯nse hnizkn¡p¶p. ]t£, ss__nÄ ssZh\nizmknXamsW¶p
H¶mas¯ hN\¯nÂ \½Ä hmbn¡p¶Xv . C§s\ \nch[n 2
]dªmÂ tbip sshcp²yw ]dªpsh¶v ]dtbnhcpw. tb
Imcy§Ä. (A-\p-_Ôw 6 t\m¡p-I.) ip ]dbp¶p: "Rm³ Fs¶¡pdn¨v Xs¶ km£yw ]dªmÂ
tbiphns³d Ncn{Xw ]dbp¶nS¯v sshcp²y§fpsS tLm B km£yw kXyaÃ. tbml¶ms³d kphntijw A©mw
jbm{XbmsW¶XmWv kXyw. BZyw tbiphns³d Po\ntbmf A[ymb¯nse 31þmw hN\w. AtXt]mseXs¶ tbip ]dbp
Pn t\m-¡p-I.- kXy¯nÂ tbiphn\v Po\ntbmfPnbnÃ F¶v ¶p: "Rm³- F-s¶¡pdn¨p Xs¶ km£yw ]dªmÂ B km
hnizkn¡p¶hcmWv \½Ä. tbip{InkvXp AZv`pXIcambn P £yw kXyamWv'-. AXpw tbip ]dªpsh¶v \½Ä hnizkn
\n¨ hyIvXnbmsW¶p hnizkn¡p¶hcmWv apkvenwIÄ. AXp ¡Ww. tbml¶ms³d kphntijw F«mw A[ymb¯nse 14þm
t]mseXs¶bm-Wv- ss{IkvXhcpw. Po\ntbmfPn CÃm¯, hw as¯ hN\w. CÃ, Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶ tbip{InkvXp, ssZh
imhenbnÃm¯ tbip{InkvXphn\v hwimhen IÂ]n¨psImSp ¯ns³d {]hmNI\mbn h¶ tbip{InkvXp Hcp kab¯v
¡pIbpw B hwimhen Xs¶ A_²§fpsS tIZmcambn¯o H¶pw asämcp kab¯v asäm¶pw ]dbp¶ hyIvXnbÃ. tbip
cpIbpw sNbvXXmWv \½Ä ImWp¶Xv. a¯mbnbpsS kphnti ]dªXÃ CXv. tbml¶m³ Btcm]n¨XmWv.
jw H¶mw A[ymb¯nÂ 6 apXÂ 16 hscbpÅ hN\§fnÂ AtXt]mseXs¶ tbiphns³d acWs¯¡pdn¨v ]dbp
ZmhoZp apXÂ tbip hscbpÅ hwimhen sImSp¯n«pv. AXp t¼mÄ sshcp²y§fmWv \nch[n. tbip acW¯ns³d kab
t]mseXs¶ eqt¡mkns³d kphntijw aq¶mw A[ymb¯nÂ ¯v Ahkm\ambn ]dªsX´mWv F¶ hnjb¯nÂ hsc
23 apXÂ 32 hscbpÅ hN\§fnepw BhÀ¯n¨n-«p-v. cv sshcp²yamWv. a¯mbn ]dbp¶Xv: "Gen Gen eami_Iv
hwimhenIfpw ]cntim[n¡pI. H¶nÂ 41 t]cmWv \ap¡v Im Xm\n' (ssZhta ssZhta Fs¶ ssIhn«sX´v?) F¶p ]dªv
Wm³ IgnbpI. ZmhoZpapXÂ tbiphns³d ]nXmhmbn Adnb s]m«n¡cªp sImv Poh³ shSnªpsh¶mWv. AtX ka
s¸« tbmtk^phsc. AtXkabw atäXnÂ ImWm³ IgnbpI bw, tbml¶m³ ]dbp¶Xv XeNmbv¨p sImv ""Rm\nXm F-
1. ""btlm-h-bpsS tIm]w hopw bn{km-tb-en-sâ- t\sc Pzen¨p; \o sN¶p bn{kmtb
s³d Pohs\ kaÀ¸n¨ncn¡p¶p''-sh¶v ]dªv kam[m\t¯m
ens\bpw sblq-Z-sbbpw F®pI F¶n-§s\ AhÀ¡p hntcm-[-ambn Zmho-Zn\p sS Pohs\ GÂ]n¨psImSp¯p F¶mWv. C§s\ sshcp²y
tXm¶n-¨p''-. (2 imap-thÂ 24:1)
2. ""A\-ćw km¯m³ bn{km-tb-en\p hntcm-[-ambn Fgp-t¶äp bn{km-tb-ens\ Zmho
Zn\p tXm¶n-¨p''-.- (1 Zn-\-hr-¯m´w 21:1) 1. t]-Pv- 206 A-\p-_-Ôw- 7 I-Wp-I-
§fpsS Iehd. AXv F´psImmWv? am\pjnIamb Ichncp kwJy, tehy, BhÀ¯\w. Cu ]©]pkvXI§fnÂ "\n§Ä
XpIÄ \S¶Xp sImv. AXÃmsX {]hmNI·mcpsS XIcmdp tZh·mcmsW¶v Rm³ ]dªp" F¶ hN\tabnÃ. F¶mÂ
sImÃ. \ap¡nsXÃmw a¯mbnbnepw amÀt¡mknepw eqt¡m ]gb \nba¯nentÃ? Dv. tbml¶m³ Ifhp]dªXÃ. tbm
knepw kw`hn¨ A_²§fmsW¶v k½Xn¨mÂ t]mtc?- XoÀ l¶m\v Izm«v sNbvXt¸mÄ sXänbXmWv. ]gb \nba¯nÂ
¨bmbpw AXmWv kXyw. AXmWv hkvXpX. (A\p-_Ôw 7 k¦oÀ¯\ ]pkvXIw 82þmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ Bdmas¯
ImWp-I.) hN\¯nÂ \ap¡v C¡mcyw ImWm³ Ignbpw . AXv Izm«v sNbv
1
Fń\mWv A[nIw ]dbp¶Xv?- imkv{Xw \ap¡v tIm«namän Xt¸mÄ At±l¯n\v A_²w ]änt¸mbn. C§s\bmWv ]e
AhXcn¸n¡m³ Igntª¡mw.- AXsÃ¦nÂ BÀ¡ntbmfPn¡ t¸mgpw A_²§Ä.
Â FhnU³kv {K\vYtiJc§fnepv F¶v ]dªp sImv C\n Cu A_²§Ä ]cnip²mXvamhn\v kw`hn¨ A_²
\ap¡v c£s¸Sm³ Igntª¡mw. ]t£, ]gb \nba]pkvX §fmsW¦nÂ AXp Xncp¯phm³ Cu \qämnÂ aebmf¡c
Iw \½psS ssIbneptÃmþ ]¨bmb ]gb \nba ]pkvXIw. bnÂ ]pXnb BXvam¡Ä P\n¨ncn¡p¶p F¶pÅ kXyw IqSn
B ]gb \nba]pkvXIw D²cn¡p¶ hnjb¯nÂ hsc ]pXnb \½Ä AdntbXpv. A-¡m-cyw- \n-§-sf-Ãmw- AdntbXn\p
\nba{K\vYIÀ¯m¡Ä¡v kw`hn¨ A_²§Ä \ap¡v ]cn thn \n§-fpsS ka£¯n¦te¡v Rm³ AhXcn¸n¡pIbm
tim[n¡pt¼mÄ I-s¯m³ Ign-bpw. -AhnsS AhÀ¡v sXäp Wv. a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw 27þmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ H¼Xm
]änbXmtWmsb¶v \½Ä BXvamÀYambn Nnń¡pI. \n§Ä as¯ hN\¯nÂ a¯mbn D²cn¡p¶, tbiphnÂ Btcm]n
]cntim[n¨p t\m¡pI. amÀt¡mkns³d kphntijw H¶mw ¡p¶ Hcp {]hN\apv. "C{kboÂ a¡Ä Fs³d hnebmb 30
A[ymb¯nse cmas¯ hN\¯nÂ amÀt¡mkv D²cn¡p¶ shÅn \mWb¯n\v hnäp. AXpsImv Ipihs³d CSw hm§n'-
]gb \nba hN\apv. F´mWv amÀt¡mkv D²cn¡p¶Xv? F¶pÅ hN\w. AXp²cn¨p sImv At±lw FgpXpIbmWv:-
"Rm³ \n\¡p apt¼ Fs³d ZqXs\ Ab¡p¶p. Ah³ \ns³d "bncaym {]hmNI³ FgpXnbXpt]mse'.-- ]cntim[n¡pI,- a¯m
hgnsbmcp¡psa¶v sbi¿mhns³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dªXp bnbp-sS- kphntijw 27þmw- A[ymb¯nÂ H¼Xmas¯ hN\w.
t]mse'.- sbi¿mhns³d 66 ]pkvXI§fpsa-Sp¯v ]cntim[n¡p bncayþ sPdanbþ {]hmNI³ FgpXnbXp t]mse. kIe ss_
I. C§s\sbmcp hN\ta CÃmsb¶pÅXmWv kXyw. F¶mÂ _nÄ ]Xn¸pIfnepw AXmWv. F¶mÂ sPdanb {]hmNIs³d
Dv. FhnsSbmWv? amemJnbpsS ]pkvXIw aq¶mw A[ymb ]pkvXIw 52 A[ymb§fpw \n§fcn¨p s]dp¡n t\m¡q. Cu
¯nÂ H¶mas¯ hN\¯nÂ . Izm«v sNbvXt¸mÄ sXäp]änb
1
hN\w ImWm³ IgnbnÃ. F¶mÂ ]gb \nba¯nÂ CtÃ? Dv.
XmWv. kzm`mhnIamWv.- a\pjycmWv sXäp]äpw. AXv AhcnÂ kJ-cym-hns³d ]pkvXIw 11þmw A[ymb¯nÂ 12,13 hN\§
am{Xw GÂ]n¡pI. fnÂ Cu hN\apv. CXv D²cn¨t¸mÄ ]änb sXämWv. AXv
CXpt]mse Xs¶ tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯nÂ 10þmw XpSÀ¨bmbn XeapdIfmbn sXämbn XpSÀ¶p h¶XmWv. AXv
A[ymb¯nÂ 34þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ tbip ]dbp¶Xmbn Cw¥ojv ss__nfnÂ InwKvsPbnwkv shÀj\nÂ, dnthgvkv
At±lw D²cn¡pIbmWv: "\n§Ä tZh·msc¶v \n§fpsS \ym kväm³tUÀUv shÀj\nÂ,- \yqC³dÀ\mj\Â shÀj\nÂ,- A
b{]amW¯nÂ Rm³ ]dªpsh¶v FgpXs¸«n«ntÃ'. \ymb tXt]mse Xs¶ \yqPdqktew shÀj\nÂ C§s\sb¶pth
{]amWw F´mWv? ]©]pkvXI§fmWv. DÂ]¯n, ]pd¸mSv, Cw¥ojv ss__nfnÂ s]mXpsh ImWmw. \½psS kplr¯p
1. ""F\n¡p ap¼mbn hgn \nc-t¯--Xn\p Rm³ Fsâ ZqXs\ Ab-¡p-¶p''-.- 1. ""\n§Ä tZh³amÀ BIp¶p F¶pw \n§Ä Hs¡bpw AXyp-¶-Xsâ ]p{X³amÀ
(am-emJn 3:1) F¶pw Rm³ ]d-ªp''-. (k¦oÀ¯-\-§-Ä 82:6)
¡Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶ aebmf ss__nfpIfnÂ kXythZ]pkv epmhpw. {]hN\]camb IrXyXbpÅ ]e hN\§fpw AXn
XI¯nÂ ]¨bmbn ImWmw. epmhpw. AtXmsSm¸w A_²§fpw Dmhpw. AXv kzm`mhn
]t£, CXm, 1990þIfnÂ sIm¨nbnÂ \n¶nd§nb ss__n IamWv. AXv a\pjycpsS ssIIS¯epIÄ \S¶XpsImmWv
Äþ ]cnip²mXvamhn\v \qämpIÄ¡p ap¼v ]änb sXäv Cu F¶v kqNn¸n¨p sImv Rms\s³d hm¡pIÄ D]kwlcn
ss__nfnÂ Xncp¯nbXv \ap¡v ImWm³ Ignbpw. a¯mbnbp ¡p¶p.
sS kphntijw 27þmw A[ymb¯nse H¼Xmas¯ hN\¯nÂ
C{kmboÂ a¡Ä hne aXn¨hs³d hnebmb 30 shÅn¡mi
hÀ FSp¯p. IÀ¯msht¶mScpÄ sNbvXXp t]mse Ipih
s³d \ne¯n\p thn sImSp¯p F¶v kJ-cym {]hmNI³
apJmńcw AcpÄ sNbvXXn\v A¶v \nhÀ¯nh¶p. kJ-cy-m
{]hmNIs\¶v CXn\p ap¼v Hä ss__nfnepanÃ. Ft´ Imc
Ww? ss__nÄ FgpXnb a¯mbn¡v ]änb sXäv!- B sXäv Xn
cp¯m³ sIm¨nbnÂ ]pXnb ]cnip²mXvam¡Ä Cdt§nh
¶p F¶mtWm \½Ä hnizknt¡Xv F¶v hn\oXambn \mw
tNmZn¡pI. (A\p-_Ôw 8 ImWp-I.)
bYmÀY¯nÂ C§s\ Hcp]mSv A_²§Ä ]änt¸mbn«p
v. Cu A_²§fpsS ImcWw am\pjnI IchncpXpIfmWv.
B IchncpXpIÄ DÅXp sImpXs¶ sshcp²y§fpmbn
«pv. Ncn{X]camb A_²§fpmbn«pv. {]hN\]cambn
]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sm¯Xpmbn«pv. AXpsImpXs¶ ]cn
ip² JpÀB³ \n§tfmSp ]cntim[n¡m³ Bhiys¸Sp¶p.
JpÀB\nse \memas¯ A[ymbw kqd¯p¶nkmCse 82þm
as¯ hN\w-:- "AhÀ JpÀB\ns\¡pdn¨v Nnń¡p¶ntÃ. A
sX§m\pw ssZh¯nÂ \n¶pÅXÃmbncp¶psh¦nÂ AhÀ¡
XnÂ [mcmfw sshcp²y§Ä Is¯mambncp¶p.' XoÀ¨bmbpw
Cu JpÀB³ kzbw shÃphnfn¡p¶p. B shÃphnfnbpsS BXv
amhv DÄs¡mpsImmWv ss__nfns\ \mw ]cntim[\m
hnt[bam¡nbXv.
F¦nepw ss__nfnÂ ssZhnIhN\§fps¶v \mw hniz
kn¡p¶p. AXpsImp Xs¶ _lpam\y\mb tPm¬k¬
kn. ^nen¸v kmÀ ChnsS D²cn¨ imkv{Xhp-ambn tbmPn¡p¶
hN\§fXnepmhpw. Ncn{X]cambn- IrXyamb hN\§fXn
H¶m-as¯ adp-]Sn
(20 an\p«v hoXw)
hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw.- kmap-thÂ-
F-Ãm-hÀ-¡p-w- kv-t\-l-h-µ-\w.-
_-lp-am-\-s¸-«- an-kv-äÀ- Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À- kpZoÀ-L-am-bn- kw
km-cn-¨- `m-K-§-fp-sS- hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-bn,-- AsÃ-¦nÂ- a-dp-]-Sn-bmbn-
«m-Wv- Rm³- C-Xn-s³-d-- c-mw- `m-K-t¯-¡v- I-S-¡p-¶-Xv.- 45 an\päp
-sIm-v- ]-d-ªp-XoÀ-¯- Im-cy-§Ä¡v 20 an\p-«-p -sIm-v- a-dp]Sn-
]-dª- p-XoÀ-¡m³- Ign-bn-sÃ-¶v- F-\n-¡v- \-Ã- t_m-[y-ap-s-¦nepw-
Np-cp-§n-b- hmN-I-§-fnÂ- Rm³- F-s³-d- {]-`mj-Ww- h-fsc- s]
s«-¶v- \nÀ-¯m³-th-n- XmÂ-]-cy-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv.-
kp-hn-ti-j-¯n-s³-d- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- ssZ-h-h-N-\-¯n-s³-d- ssZ-hn
IXþ- ss_-_nfn-s³-d- ssZ-hn-IXþ- F-¶X - m-Wt- Ãm- - \-½p-sS- NÀ¨m-
hn-j-bw.- _-lp-am-\-s¸-«- tPm¬k¬- kmÀ- ]-e- Im-cy§Ä AXn-
\p-th-n- \n-c-¯n-sh-¡p-I-bp-m-bn.- "ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-I-X'-
F-¶p-Å- hn-j-b-¯n-s³-d- F-Ãm- `mK-§-fpw- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-bv-Xv-
Ign-bm-\p-Å- k-abw- \-½p-sS- ap-¼n-en-Ã.- A-t±lw- A-X-p-sIm-v-
h-fsc- {]-[m-\s- ¸-«- Nn-e- Im-cy-§Ä- ]-dª - p.- F-¶mÂ- H-cp- Imcyw-
Iq-Sn- ]-dª
- n-«v- Rm³- C-Xn-s³-d- _m¡n- `m-Kt- ¯-¡v- h-cmw.- hnip²-
ssZ-h- h-N\ - ¯
- n-s³-dþ- ss_-_n-fn-s³-dþ- ssZ-hn-IX - - F-¶v- ]-dbp¶-
Xv- tI-h-ew- im-kv-{Xo-b-amb- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- BÀ-¡n-tbm-f-Pn-¡-emb,-
{]-h-N-\-]-c-am-b-- Nn-e- Im-c-W-§Ä- am-{X-a-Ã- F-¶v- \-½Ä- a-\-Ên
em-¡W - w.- ssZ-hh - N
- \
- ¯
- n-s³-d,-- Rm³- a-\Ê-ne - m-¡n-b- A-Xn-{][m-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 70 H¶m-as¯ adp-]Sn 71
\-am-b- ssZ-hn-IX - ¡
- p-sÅm-cp- {]-[m-\s- ¸-«- Im-cW - s- a-¶v- ]-db
- p¶Xv- Cu- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-eq-sS-bp-Å- kphn-ti-j- k-tµ-i-¯n-\v- FXn
R-§Ä- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶,-- {]-kw-Kn-¡p-¶,- {]-tL-m-jn-¡p¶- Cu- cm-bn-«v- k-tµ-iw- Xcp-¶- G-sXm-cp- Zq-X\ - pw- hym-P· - m-cnÂ-s]-«h\m-
ssZ-h¯ - n-s³-d- h-N\ - w- C¶pw- A-Xn-s³-d- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡v- \-jvS- whcm sW-¶m-Wv- ssZ-h-N-\-¯nÂ- A-kµn-Kv-[-am-bn {]-Jym]n¨n-«p-ÅXv.
-sX- C-Xv- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv.- A-Xnsâ A-Xn-{]-[m\- A-Xp-sIm-v- th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-¯n-s³d- ASn-kv-Ym-\-¯nÂ- i-]n-¡
am-b- k-tµi-sa-¶v- ]-db - p-¶X- v- ]m-]n-bm-b- a-\p-jy-s\- c-£n-¡p¶p,- s¸-«- a-säm-cp- {K-\v-Y-§sfbpw- R-§-fp-sS- ssZ-hn-I- {K-\v-Y-am-bn-
A-h-\- v- ]m-]-£-a sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p-,- \n-Xy-Po-h-\-v A-h-s\- A-h-Imin- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m³- km-[y-a-Ã.- A-X-p-sIm-v- th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw- am-{Xw-
bm-¡n-XoÀ-¡p-¶p F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-s³-d- A-I-¯-f-¯nÂ- R-§Ä- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡p- ¶ - p.- ssZ-h¯ - n-s³-d- h-N\ - t- ¯m-Sv- \o- H¶pw-
Ip-Sn-sIm-Åp-¶- I-Tn-\-am-b- ]m-]-¯n-s³d- {]-I-r-Xn-sb- ]-dn-¨p-amän- Iq-«n-t¨À-¡-cp-Xv F-¶m-Wv k-Zr--iy-hm-Iy-§Ä- 30s³-d- B-dmw- hm
bn-«v- A-h-s³-d-bp-ÅnÂ- Znhy-am-b- H-cp- kz-`m-hw- ]-IÀ-¶v- sN-¶mbv- Iy-¯nÂ ]-db - p-¶X- v.-- A-Xn-t\m-sSm-¶v- Iq-«n-t¨À-¯mÂ- \o- IÅ\m
¡-sf-t]m-ep-Å- a-\p-jy-sc- Ip-ªm-Sp-Ifm-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-¶- kphn bn-¯o-cpw. - th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-t¯m-Sv- Iq-«n-t¨À-¯mepw- A-XnÂ-\n-¶v-
1
ti-j¯ - n-s³-d- i-IvX - n- Po-hn-¡p-¶n-St- ¯m-fw- Im-ew- A-Xv- ssZhnI- am-än-¡-f-ªm-epw- I-Å-\m-bn-¯o-cpw- F¶pw- \n-s¶- ssZ-hw- ]nSn
h-N\ - w- X-s¶-bm-Wv.- A-Xn-s\- BÀ-¡pw- \n-tj[n-¡m³- km[yaÃ.- ¡p-sa-¶pw- hn-kv-X-cn-¡psa-¶pw- th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- BhÀ¯n¨v
CXv- tem-I-s¯-¼m-Spw- {]-kw-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.- A-Xv- Po-hn-X-§-sf- {]-Jym-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ- AXv- Xn-cp-¯n-sb-¶pw- A-Xn-t\m-Sv- Iq-«n-t¨À-
cq-]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.- R§-fp-sS- ssZ-\w-Zn-\- Po-hn-X-¯n-s³-d- ¯p-sh-¶pw- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv- H-cp- `q-tem-I- a--¯-c-am-bn-«pam{X-sa-
A-\p-`-h-¯nÂ- tb-ip{In-kv-Xp-hn-s³-d- kp-hn-ti-jw-þ Cu- ssZ-h R-§Ä-¡v- I-W¡ - m-¡m³- ]-äq.- A-Xpw- R§Ä- X-Ån-¡f- b - p-Ibm-
h-N\ - ¯ - n-s³-d- k-tµ-iw- A-Xn-iI - vX
- a- m-bn- {]-kw-Kn-¡p-Ib - pw- AXv- Wv.- (A-\p-_Ôw 9 ImWp-I.)
ap-Jm-ń-cw- cq-]m-´-c-s¸-«- tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn- a-\p-jyÀ- C-¶v- km£n- ]n-s¶- an-kv-äÀ- Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À- kw-km-cn-¨-t¸mÄ-, A-t±lw-
I-fm-bn-«v- Ccn-¡p-Ib - pw- sN-¿p-¶p-sh-¶p-ÅX - v- A-Xns³-d-- ssZ-hnIX- ]-dª - H-cp- hm-NIw- Rm³- ap-t¶- ]-dt- b-X - m-bn-cp-¶p.- A-t±lw-
bp-sS- A-Xn-{]-[m-\-am-b- L-S-I-am-Wv.- AXn-\v- km-£n-I-fm-b- sNdp- ]-dª- Xv- C-§s- \-bm-Wv.- "R-§Ä- C-hn-sS- kw-km-cn-¡p¶Xv- hnip-
¸-¡mÀ- C-hn-sS- C-cn-¸pv.- hn-iZ- o-Ic- n-¡m³- k-ab - a- n-Ãm-¯X - p-sIm ²- JpÀ-Bs- ³-d- ]cn-t{]-jy--¯n-Â- \n-¶p-sIm-m-W'v .- - A-Xn-\-v adp]Sn-
v- Rm³- C-Xn-s³-d-- ASp-¯- `m-K-t¯-¡v- {]-th-in-¡p-I-bmWv.- Rm³- B-Zyw- ]-d-ªp.- tPm¬-k¬- kmÀ- C-hn-sS- kw-km-cn-¨-Xv-
F-´p-sIm-m-Wv- R-§Ä- ss_-_nÄ- am-{Xw- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶Xv?- im-kv-{X-¯n-s³-d-bpw- A-Xp-t]m-se- BÀ-¡n-tbm-f-Pn-¡Â,-- s{]m^-
a-äp-Å-sXm-¶pw- hn-iz-kn-¡m¯-Xn-s³-d- Im-c-W-sa-´m-Wv-?- c-v- än-¡Â,-- XpS-§nb B-[n-Im-cn-I- hn-j-b-§-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\¯n
hm-Iy-§Ä- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- D-²-cn-¨p-sIm-v- Rm³- C-Xn\v- adp- em-Wv.- ]t£,- an-käv- À- Fw.-Fw.- A-I_ v- À- ]-dª- X - v- JpÀ-B\ - ns³d-
]-Sn- ]-db - p-Ib
- m-Wv.- K-em-¯yÀ-¡v- F-gp-Xn-b- te-J\ - w- H-¶mw- A[ym- D-ÅnÂ-\n-¶p-sIm-m-W-,-v A-Xn-s³-d- Nn-´m-K-Xn-bnÂ-\n-¶p-sIm-
bw- F-«mw- hm-Iy-¯nÂ hn-ip-²- ]u-tem-kv- A-t¸m-kv-X-e³- C§-
1 m-Wv- k-wk - m-cn-¡p-¶Xv- F¶p-ÅX - m-Wv.- bm-sXm-cp- hn-eb - pw- IÂ
s\-bm-Wv- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- R-§Ä- \n-§-tfmSv- Adn-bn-¨- kphn- ]n¡m-sX- R-§Ä- B- B-ib - s- ¯- X-Ån-¡f- b - p-Ib - m-Wv.- ImcWw-
ti-j¯ - n-\v- F-Xn-cm-bn-«v- a-säm-cp- kphn-ti-jw- R-§f- m-Is- «- kzÀK- JpÀ-B-s³-d- A-`n-{]m-bw- th-Z-]pkv-X-I-¯n-\v- B-h-iy-an-Ã.- th-Z
¯n-Â\n-¶v- B-K-X-\m-b- H-cp- am-em-J- A-Xv- K-{_n-tbÂ- B-sW¦n ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-s³-d- A-h-km-\-s¯- {K-\v-Y-am-b- sh-fn-]mSv- ]pkv-X-
epw- P-n-{_n-tbÂ- B-sW-¦n-epw- A-Xv- an-Jm-tbÂ- B-sW-¦n-epw- Iw- cNn-¡-s¸-«-v G-I-tZ-iw- 500 hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p-ti-jw- c-Nn-¡-s¸-«-
JpÀ-B-s³-d- G-Xv- km-£y-am-Wv- ss_-_n-fn-\v- B-h-iy-apÅXv?-
1. F-¶mÂ- R-§Ä- \n-§-tfm-Sv- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xn\v- hn-]-co-X-am-bn- R-§-tfm- kzÀ-¤¯nÂ-
\n-¶v- H-cp- Zq-X-t\m- \n-§-tfm-Sp- kp-hn-ti-jw- A-dn-bn-¨mÂ- A-h³- i-]n-¡-s¸S-s«-.- 1. A-h-sâ- h-N-\-§-tfm-Sv- \o- H-¶pw- X-s¶- Iq-«n-t¨À-¡-cp-Xv-;- A-h³- \n-s¶- im-kn-¡p
(K-em-¯yÀ- 1:-8)- hm-\pw- \n-s¶- I-Å-s\-¶p- Im-Wp-hm-\pw- C-S-h-c-cp-Xv- (k-Zr-iy-hm-Iy-§Ä- 30:-6)-

ap-l-½-Z-v Pohn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pap-¼p-Å- B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\v- Is¿-gp-¯v- X-s¸-«- ]-e- Im-cy-§-fpw- ss_-_n-fn-\-I-¯v- D-v-'- F-¶p-Å-XmWv.-
{]-Xn-IÄ- C-¶pw- \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-t¼mÄ A-t±-l-¯n-s³-d- H-cp- km R-§Ä- hniz-kn-¡p-¶Xv- - ]-©{- K-\vY - §
- Ä- tam-i- F-gp-Xn-bX - msW-
£y-hpw- H-cp-Im-e¯ - pw- R-§Ä-¡m-hi - y-an-Ã.- C-ým- N-cn-{X-w [mcm- ¶m-Wv.- A-Xn-\v- Im-cW - s- a-´m-sW-¶v- tNm-Zn-¨mÂ,-- tb-ip- IÀ-¯mhv-
fw- a-\p-jyÀ- F-gp-Xn-sh-¨n-«p-v.- H-cp- ]-¯-ª-q-dv- hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p A-Xv- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-¨n-«pv.- A-t¸m-kv-X-e-·mÀ- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-¨n-«p-v.-
ti-jw- G-sX-¦n-epw- a-\p-jy³- F-gp-t¶-äp-h-¶n-«v- C-ým- N-cn-{Xw- IÀ-¯m-hv- ]-d-bp-¶p-v-:- "tam-i- Xp-S-§n- k-I-e- {]hm-N-I-·m-cnepw-
sX-äm-Wv- a-lmXv-am-Km-\v-[n-sb- B-cpw- sIm-¶-X-Ã-;- A-t±-lw- BXv- k-¦oÀ-¯-\-§-fn-epw- F-s¶-¡p-dn¨v- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p' F-¶v-.-
a-l-Xy- sN-bv-X-Xm-Wv-,- tKm-Uv-sk- sh-Sn-sh-¨-X-Ã- F-s¶m-s¡- ]d- A-§s- \- ]-db - p-t¼mÄ- ap-l½ - Z- v- F-¶v- ]-db- p-¶,- - R-§Ä- AwKoI-
ªmÂ- A-Xv- B-\a- - ¯ - c- a- m-sW-¶tÃþ-- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- A-t±-l¯n- cn-¡m¯- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn- ]-d-bp¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ- B-[n-Imcn-IX- R§
\v- F-s´-¦n-epw- Ip-g¸ - a- m-sW-¶t- Ã- km-[mc-W¡ - mÀ- Nnń-¡pIbp- Ä- ssZ-h-hpw- IÀ-¯m-hpw-- c-£n-Xm-hpambn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶- tbip-
Åq.- C-\n-bpw- a-äp- Nn-e- Im-c-W-§Ä- At±-lw- ]-d-ªp:-- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s³-d- hN-\-¯n-\p-v- F-¶-Xn-sâ- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-¯nÂ-
H-¶v-:- "JpÀ-B-\n-ep-Å- ]-e- Im-cy-§-fpw- ss_-_n-fnÂ- C-Ã'---.- \n-¶p-sIm-v- tam-i- AXv- F-gp-Xn- F-¶v- R-§Ä- Akµ-nK - v[ambn
A-Xv- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww- JpÀ-B³- F-gp-Xn-b-Xpw- ss__n {]-Jym]n-¡p-¶p.- A-Xn-\v- B-cp-sS-bpw- k-t¸mÀ-«n-s³-d- Bh-iyanÃ.-
Ä- F-gp-Xn-bX - pw- c-v- Im-e¯ - m-Wv.- A-t¸mÄ- JpÀ-Bs³-d- km£y- CXv- am-{X-a-Ã,- "tam-i- ]-©-{K-\v-Y-§Ä- F-gp-Xn-b-XnÂ- tam-i- Pohn-
¯n-ep-ÅXv- ss_-_n-fnÂ- th- F-¶v- R-§Ä- ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ-X- ¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v- ap-¼pÅ- F-{X-tb-m- Im-cy-§fpw- F-gp-Xn-bn-«p-v.-
s¶- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn-«v- JpÀ-B-\n-en-Ãm-¯- ]-e-Xpw- ss_-_n-fnep- AXn-\v- F-´m-Wv- a-dp-]-Sn- F-¶-dn-bmtam?-- ss_-_n-fnÂ- B-bnc¡-
v-.- ss_-_n-fn-en-Ãm-¯- ]-e-Xpw- JpÀ-B-\n-ep-v.- A-sX-´mWv W-¡n-\v- hÀj-§Ä-¡v- ti-jw- \S¡m\-p-Å- F-{X-tbm- Imcy§Ä-
A-§-s\ h-cm³- Im-c-Ww?-- H-¶p-InÂ- JpÀ-B-\nÂ- D-Å-sX-Ãmw- F-gp-Xn-bn-«p-v'- F-¶pw- C-hn-sS- ]-dª - p. AXv- tc-Js- ¸-Sp-¯ns¡m-
A-tX-]S- n- ss_-_n-fnÂ \n-¶- v- tIm-¸n- b - S- n-¡W- a- m-bn-cp-¶p.- A-t±l- Sp-¡p-hm³- ssZ-h-¯n-\v- Xs³d- Zm-k-·m-sc- D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m³-
¯n-\v- A-Xv- km-[n-¨n-Ã.- Im-cW - w.- C-hc- p-sS- `m-jy-¯nÂ-Xs- ¶- Xncp- I-gn-bp-sa-¦nÂ- \-S-¶- kw-`-h-§Ä- A-Xv- h-Ån-]p-Ån- sX-äm-sX-
¯-s¸-«p-sh-s¶m-s¡- ]-d-b-s¸-Sp-¶- {K-\-vYw- tIm-¸n-b-Sn¡m³- _p- X-s³-d- Zm-k-·mÀ-¡v- F-gp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¡p-hm-\pw- ]-d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡p-
²n-Im-Wnt¨m- _p-²n-tI-Sv- Im-Wn-t¨m- F-s¶-\n-¡v- A-dn-bn-Ã.- ]- hm-\pw- sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯ns¡m-Sp-¡p-hm-\pw- I-gn-bp-¶- kÀ-h-i-Iv-Xam-
t£,- H-cp- Im-cyw- k-Xy-am-Wv.- ss_-_n-fnÂ- C-Ãm-¯- At\-Iw- b- Hcp- ssZ-h-s¯-¡p-dn-¨m-Wv- hn-ip-²-- th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw ]d-bp-¶Xv.-
Im-cy-§Ä- JpÀ-B\ - n-epv. CXn\p Im-cW - w R-§Ä- hn-iz-kn¡p- A-Xp-sIm-v- tam-i- ]-©-{K-\v-Y§ -- Ä- Fgp-Xn- F-¶-p-Å-Xv Xd¸n¨v
¶-Xv,- - ]-e- k-ap-Zm-b¡ - m-cpsS- C-Sb - n-epw- A-t\-Iw- sI-«p-IY - I- fpv.- {]-Jym-]n-¡p-¶p.- A-Xp-am-{X-a-Ã, B-hÀ-¯-\- ]p-kv-X-I¯n-s³-d-
A-Xp-t]m-se- A-td-_y³- sI-«p-I-Y-IÄ,- blq-Z- sI-«p-I-Y-IÄ,- A-h-km-\- A-[y-m-b-¯n-\-I-¯p-Å-- Nne- Imcy-§Ä-;- A-Xv- th-Z
{In-kvXym-\n-IÄ-¡n-S-bnÂ-X-s¶- am-Xm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pw- a-äv- ]-e-sc- ]-WU v- n-X·
- mÀ- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶Xvþ Rm-\pw- Xn-tbm-fP - n- ]-Tn-¨X - mWvþ
¡p-dn-¨pw- \n-e-\n-¶n-cp-¶- ]e- sI-«p-I-Y-IÄ- A-hn-Sp-¶v- Nn-I-sª R§Ä- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶X - pw- R-§Ä- sk-an-\m-cn-bnÂ- ]Tn-¡p-¶Xpw-
Sp-¯v- F-gpXn-bp-m-¡n-bX - m-Wv- JpÀ-B³- F-¶X - p-sIm-v- kzm`m- tam-is- b-gp-Xn-bX - m-bn-«Ã
- .- tbm-iphm- B-hÀ-¯\ - - ]p-kvX- I- ¯ - nsâ-
hn-Ia- m-bn-«v- JpÀ-B\ - nÂ- ss_-_n-fnÂ- CÃm-¯- ]-eX - pw- D-v- F¶p- -A-h-km-\-`mKw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-bn-«m-Wv- R-§Ä- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-Xv.-
Å-Xv- H-cp- k-Xy-amWv. (A-\p-_Ôw 10 ImWp-I.) A-Xv- ss__n- A-Xp-sIm-v- B- H-cp- A-[ym-b-¯n-s³-d- aq-t¶m- \m-tem- hmIy§
fns³-d- B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-bp-am-bn-«v- _\v-[-apÅ- Im-cy-aÃ F-¶p-]-d- Ä- h-¨p-sIm-v- A-Xns\- kw-ib - n-¡p-¶p- F-¶v- ]-db - p-¶X - v asämcp-
ªv- A-¡m-cyw- R-§Ä- X-Ån-¡-f-bp-I-bm-Wv.- a-T-b-¯-c-am-bn- I-W-¡m-¡-W-sa-¶v- am-{Xw.
c-m-a-s¯- Im-cyw- "tam-i a-cn-¨v- A-S-¡-s¸-«-Xn-\pti-jw- Fgp- am-{X-aÃ- ss_-_n-fnÂ- [mÀ-a-n-Iam-b- Im-cy-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-Å-
h-Ã- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bp-ap-tm?- D-v.- ss_-_nÄ- hy-Iv-X-am-bn-«v- Pohn- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡m³- ]-än-Ã.- AhÀ H-cp- kw-`h - w- A-dn-ªp.- A-Xv- dnt¸m
X-¯n-s³-d- Po-h\ - pw- ÌvX
- n--¡pw- th-s- X-Ãmw- tc-Js- ¸-Sp-¯n-«pv.- À-«v- sNbvXp.- B- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- Im-cW-¯mÂ- B- ]-{X¡mÀ- ap-gp-h³-
[mÀ-an- I
- a- m-bt- Xm- A-[mÀ-an- I - a- mb-tXm- k-Xy-tam- Ak-Xy-tam- \oXn- sIm-e-]m-X-I-¯n-t\m- _-emÂ-kw-K-¯n-t\m- A-\p-Iq-eam-sW-¶v-
tbm- A-\o-Xn-tbm- B-I-s«- F-Ãmw- hn-i-Z-am-¡p-¶, Cu- `q-an-bnÂ- F-§-s\- ]-d-bpw?- AXp-sIm-v- B- `m-Khpw-- X-Ån-¡-f-bmw.-
Po-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- Hcp- a-\p-jy³-- F-§-s\- Po-hn-¡-W-sa-¶v- \-Ã- th-Z] - p-kvX- I
- ¯- nÂ- F-Ãm- {]-hm-NI - · - m-sc-¡p-dn-¨pw-- tc-Js- ¸Sp-
`m-j-bnÂ- ]-d-bp-¶-,- tem-I-¯nÂ- C¶p-h-sc- H-cp- t\-Xm-hpw- H-cp- ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- F-Ãm- {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ-¡-pw- \nb-aw- H-cp-t]m-sebm-
a-X-Kp-cp-hpw- H-cp- B-Nm-cy-\pw- \Â-Im-¯- k-tµ-i-apÄ-s¡m-f-fp¶, Wv- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- B-cv- AÇo-e- {]-hÀ-¯n-IÄ- sN-bv-Xp-thm-
G-äh - pw- D-¶X - a- m-b- kZm-Nm-ca- q-ey-§f- p-Å- B-ib - §- fpw- [mÀ-anI- ssZ-h¯ - n-s³-d- {]-am-W¯ - n-\v- F-Xn-cm-bn-«v- B-scm-s¡- kwkmcn¨n-
A-\pjv-Tm-\-§fpw- F-gp-Xn-sh-¨- th-Zw- ss_-_n-fm-Wv.- A-Xn-\v- «p-tm- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- {]hÀ-¯n-¨n-«p-tm- ssZ-hw- X-¡-k-a-b-¯v-
X-¯p-ey-am-b- a-säm-cp- [mÀa-n-tIm-]-tZ-iw- Cu- `q-an-bnÂ-- C-¶p-hsc- A-XnÂ- C-Ss- ]-Sp-Ib - pw- in-£n-¡p-Ib - pw- sN-bX v- n-«p-v.- Zm-ho-Zns³d-
D-m-bn-«n-Ã.- am-{X-a-Ã,- ss_-_nfnÂ- ]-d-ª- H-cp- hm-Iyw-X-s¶- I-Y-bp-sS- Ipd¨v`m-Kw- am-{X-sa- Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv_À- hm-bn-¨n-«p-Åq-
Rm³- B-hÀ-¯n-¡mw.- c-v- Xn-tam-¯n-tbm-kv- aq-¶n-s³d- 16mw- sh-¶v- F-\n-¡v- tXm¶p-¶p.- Im-cWw-,- Zm-ho-Zv- sX-äv- sN-bv-Xp.- At±-
hm-Iy-¯nÂ- C-§-s\- tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv-:- "F-Ãm- Xn-cpsh- lw- H-cp- s]®n-s\- Ip-fn-ap-dn-bnÂ- t]m-bn- t\m-¡n- Ft¶m- sIm«m-
gp-¯pw- ssZ-hi - m-kn-Xa- m-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-v- ssZ-h¯ - n-s³d- a-\pjy c-¯nÂ- t]m-bn- t\m-¡n- F-t¶m- F-s¶m-s¡-bm-Wv- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.-
³- k-I-e- kÂ-{]-hÀ-¯n-IÄ-¡pw h-I -{]m-]n-¨v- Xn-I-ª-h-\mtI- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv- Ip-fn-ap-dn-bnÂ-t]m-bn- t\m-¡n-sb-¶m-Wv.- A-
-Xn-\pw- K-pW - o--Ic- W
- ¯- n-\pw- im-k\ - ¯
- n-\pw- \o-Xn-bp-sS- A-`ykv- sX-t´m- F\n-¡d- n-b¯ - n-Ã.- F-´m-bm-epw- sIm-«m-c¯ - n-s³-d- X«n³-
X-\-¯n-\pw- {]tbm-P-\-ap-Å-Xm-Wv'-.- Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn-sb- \o-Xo-I-cn¡p- ap-If- n- Â- \n-¶v- A-t±-lw- I-n-«v- B- kv{Xo-sb- h-io-Ic- n-¨v- sImp-
hm³,-- Kp-Wo-I-c-n-¡p-hm³,- im-kn¡phm³-,- XÀ-P-\w- sN-¿p-hm³- h-¶p-sh-t¶m- B- kv-{Xo-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-«p-sh-t¶m- ss_-_nfn
C-sX-Ãmw- ssZ-h-h-N-\-¯nÂ- D-Å-Xp-sIm-v- A-Xv- [mÀ-a-n-I-am-bn- Â- ]-dbp-¶p-v.- A-Xv- k-Xy-am-Wv.- AXv- I-n-«v- B- kv{Xosb-
F-Ãm- B-i-b-§-fpw- DÄ-s¡m-- H-cp- ]qÀ-W-X-b-p-Å- ssZ-hhN\- Rm³- \n-\-¡v- A-\p-h-Zn-¨v- X-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p- F¶v- {]-Jym-]-\w- ss_
am-sW-¶v- {]Jym-]n-¨v- Rm³- B- `m-K-hpw- hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- _n-fnÂ- sN-¿p-¶n-Ã. adn¨v Zm-ho-Zn-s\- hn-fn-¨p-sIm-pt]m-bn- {]hm-
aq-¶v-:- A-Ç-o-e-§-fp-sS- Im-cy-am-Wv.- hm-kv-X-h-¯nÂ- JpÀ-B³- N-I-s\- A-b-¨n-«v- \o- Cu- sNbv-X- Ip-ä-¯n-\v- \n-s³-d- X-e-ap-d-IÄ-
hm-bn-¡p-¶- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-¡v- th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-¯n-se- A-Ço-e-§-fpsS- in-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-¶v- I-Tn-\-am-b- in-£- {]-Jym-]n-¨n-«v- B- _\v-[
Im-cyw- ]-db - m³-t]m-epw- tbm-Ky-Xb - n- s- Ã-¶m-Wv- F-s³-d- A-`n{]mbw.- ¯nÂ- A-h\ - p-m-b- Ip-ªn-s\- sIm-¶p-t]m-epw A-ht- \m-Sv- ]Icw-
A-Xv- ]-d-bm³- Im-c-W-ap-v.- tem-¯n-s³-d- A-Ço-e-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pw- ho-«n-b- \o-Xn-am-\-m-b,- hnip-²-\m-b- H-cp- ssZ-h-s¯-¡p-dn-¨m-Wv-
Zm-ho-Zn-s³-d- A-Ço-es- ¯-¡p-dn- ¨ - pw- t\m-lb - p-sS- A-Ço-es- ¯-¡pdn- ss_-_n-fnÂ- {]-Jym-]n-¡p-¶X - v.- A-Ãm-sX- ssZ-h¯ - n-\v- C-jSv- a- pÅ,
¨pw- ss_-_n-fnÂ- tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bncn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-v- ss_-_nÄ- {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ-¡v- C-jv-S-ap-Å- s]-®p-§-sf-Ãmw- A-\p-h-Zn-¨p-sImSp-
H-cp- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-a-Ã- F-¶mWv- {]-Jym-]-\w.- A-Xv- kzm-`m-hn-I-ambn«v- ¡p-¶- A-\o-Xn-bp-Å- ssZ-hs- ¯-¡p-dn-¨Ã - - ss_-_n-fnÂ- {]-Jym]n-
k-m-am-\y- _p-²n- D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v- X-Ån-¡-f-tb- H-cp- B-i-b-amWv.- ¡p-¶-Xv.- A-Xv-,- a-\-Ê-n-em-¡p-¶- GsXm-cp- a-\p-jy-\pw- thZ-]pkvX-
ss_-_n-fnÂ- Cu- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶- A-Ço-e-§-sf- km-[q-I-cn-¨-Ã- Iw- hm-bn-¨p t- \m-¡n-bmÂ- a-\Ê-ne - m-Ipw.- A-Xp-t]m-se- tem-¯ns³d-
C-Xv- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p¶-Xv.- H-cp- ]-{X-¯n-\-I-¯v- H-cp- tam-i-am-b- I-m-cy-¯nÂ- th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- h-¶- A-[mÀ-a-n-I-X-bp-sS- Im-cy-
hmÀ-¯ h¶mÂ- A-Xv- B- ]-{X-¡mÀ- k-t¸mÀ-«v- sN-¿p¶p-sh-¶v- s¯-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-dª - mÂ;-- A-Xn-s\-Ãmw- in-£I - f- pw- sIm-Sp-¯n-«pv.-
]-d-ªmÂ- A-Xv- hn-Uv-Vn-¯w- am-{X-amWv.- H-cn-¡epw- A-Xn-s\- A-Xn-s\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ- Rm³- A-Xn-s\- Ip-äw- ]-d-tª-
s\.- F-s³-d- ssZ-hw,-- H-sc-®w- t]m-epw- \n-s³-d- {]-hr-¯n-IÄ-t]m- C-\n- k-¦oÀ-¯-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-d-ª- a-säm-cp- Im-cyw-.- A-Xv-
epw- sh-dp-sX -hn-Sn-sÃ-¶v- ]-d-ªv- in-£n-¨- F-s³d- ssZ-hw,- B- C-§-s\-bm-Wv.- "Zm-ho-Zv- \-_n¡v- ssZ-hw- k-_qÀ- sIm-Sp-¯p'-.- F
\o-Xn-am-\m-b- ssZ-hs- ¯-¡p-dn-¨m-Wv- th-Z] - p-kX v- I- ¯- nÂ- {]-Jym]n- ¶mÂ- ss_-_n-fnÂ- H-cn-S-¯pw- C-§-s\- k-¦oÀ-¯-\-§Ä- ap-gph-
¡p-¶-Xv. \pw- Zm-ho-Zv- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-¶v- B-cpw- ]-d-bp-¶n-Ã.- R-§-fpw- ]d
C-\n- a-säm-cp- h-i-¯n-te-¡v- Rm³- I-S-¶ph-cm-w.- F-´m-sW¶v- bp-¶nÃ.- Zmho-Zn-s³-d- k¦oÀ-¯\ - §
- Ä- F¶v- ]-db - p-¶n-Ã.- tImclv-
A-dn-bm-tam,-- A-Ço-ew!-- H¶p-InÂ- A-Ço-ew- C-jv-S-s¸-«n-cp-¶p- th-Z- ]p-{X-·m-tcm- tam-itbm- k¦oÀ-¯\ - w- F-gp-Xn- b
- n-«p-s-¶v- R-§Ä-
]p-kX -v I - w- F-gp-Xn-bh- À.- A-Xp-sIm--v A-X-v F-gp-Xn-t¨À-¯psh¶m- ]-d-bp-¶n-Ã.- A-Xp-sIm-v- k_qÀ- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- am-{Xw- Fgp-Xn-s¡mSp-
Wv- H-cp- B-i-bw.- A-X-Ã,- a-dp-h-i-¯v- A-Ço-e-§Ä- tc-J-s¸-Sp¯n- ¯p-sh-¶p-Å-Xv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m-sX- blq-Z-·m-cp-sS- th-Z-]p-kv-XI-
b-Xv- B- th-Z-]p-kv-X-I-¯n-se- ssZ-h-h-N-\-¯n-s³-d- `m-K-am-b-Xp- sa-¶v- ]-d-bp-¶- ]g-b- \n-b-a-¯-n-se- k-¦oÀ-¯-\-§-sf- ap-gp-h³-
sIm-v- A-Xv- Xn-cp-¯p-hm³- ss[-cy-s¸-Sm-¯X - p-sIm-m-Wv- AhÀ- Hcp- `m-K-am-bn- I-p-sIm-v- A-Xv- hn-iz-kn-¨p-sIm-v- B-i-bs¯-
A-XpIq-Sn- tc-Js- ¸-Sp-¯n-sh-¨X - v.- C-Xv- a-\Ê- n- e
- m-¡m-sX- H-cp- \mW- R-§Ä- X-Ån-¡-f-bm³- am-{X-ta-bp-Åq.- am-{X-a-Ã,- k-¦oÀ-¯-\§-
b-¯n-s³-d- H-cp- h-iw- am-{Xw- sIm-«n-tLm-jn-¨p-sIm-v- ssZ-hw- sf- tb-ip-hpw- injy-·m-cpw- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¨n-«p-v.- k-¦oÀ-¯\ - §- sf¸-
C-§-s\- ]-d-bp-¶p-sh-¶v- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv- km-am-\y-_p-²n-bp-ÅhÀ¡v än-bpw- th-Z-]p-kv-X-Is-¯¸-än-bpw- tb-ip- ]-d-ªn-«p-v.- in-jy-·mÀ-
Nn-ń-¡p-hm³- R-§Ä- hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-v- th-Z-]p-kv-XI- ]-dª - n-«p-v.- B- kvY - n-Xn-¡v- tb-ip-hpw- in-jy-·m-cpw- Aw-Ko-Icn¨-
¯n-se- A-Ço-e-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-d-bp-hm³- BÀ-¡pw- bmsXm-c-p H-cp- B-i-b-s¯- R-§Ä-¡v- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-t¡-- H-cp- Bh-
tbmK-yX - b - p-an-Ãm-sb-¶p-ÅX - m-Wv- a-säm-cp- Im-cyw.- C-Xv- ]-dbpt¼mÄ- iy-hp-an-Ã.- ssZ-hn--IX- t- b-¡mÄ- {]-[m-\s- ¸-«- Im-cyw- tb-ip- {InkvXp-
\-ap-¡-dn-bmw;- Zmho-Zv- H-cp- ]m-]w- sN-bv-X-t¸mÄ- ssZ-hw- ZmhoZns\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p-sh-t¶m- A-t¸m-kv-X-e-·mÀ- AwKo-I-cn-¨p-sh-t¶m-
in-£n-¨p.- ]-t£,- JpÀ-B\ - nÂ- \-½Ä- hmbn-¡p¶Xv ap-l½ - Z- -v \_n- BWv.- B- am-\-Z-Wv-U-¯nÂ- A-Xv- ssZ-hn-I-am-sW-¶v- R-§Ä-
Z-¯v- ]p-{X-s³-d- `m-cy-sb- sh-¨-t¸mÄ- A-Xv- A-\p-h-Zn-¨p-sImSp¯ a\-Ê-n-em-¡n-s¡m-v- C-u- hmZw- X-Ån-¡-f-bp-¶p-.-
XmbmWv. F®-a-ä- `m-cy-am-sc- A-t±-lw- kzo-I-cn-¡m³- XpS-§n-b C-\n-bpw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- h-i-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨- v- tPm¬-k¬- kmÀ-
t¸mÄ- A-¸s- ³-d- ]n-Xr-ktlm-Zc- n-am- c-- p-sS- a¡-sf-bpw,- k-tlm-Zc·m- ]-d-bpw.- Cu- Im-cys¯-¡pdn-¨v- H-cp- tNm-Zy-¯n-\v- am-{Xw- D-¯-cw-
cp-sS- a-¡s- f-bpw,- A-½b - p-sS- k-tlm-Zc- o- k-tlm-Zc- · - m-cp-sS- a¡sf- ]-dbmw.- 104þmw- k-¦oÀ-¯\ - w- A-©mw- hm-Iy-¯nÂ- "`q-an- H-cn¡epw-
bpw,- A-Xp-t]m-se- ASn-ak - v{- Xo-Is- f-bp-sa-Ãmw- \n-\¡ - v- Rm³- A\p- C-f-In-t¸m-Im-¯-h-®w- A-Xn-s\- D-d-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-'-- F-s¶m-cp- hm-
h-Zn-¨p-X¶ - n-cn-¡p-¶p;- a-ämÀ-¡p-w- A\p-hZ- n-¡p-¶n-Ãm-sb-¶v- ]-db - p¶- Iyw- F-Sp-¯p-sIm-v- `q-an- I-d-§m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-s¶m-cp- I-p]n-
[mÀ-a-n-I-X- F-{X- h-ep-Xm-Wv!-- A-Xv- \n-§Ä- kz-b-am-bn- Nn-ń-¡pI.- Sp-¯w- \S-¯n.- F-\n-¡X - v- hm-bn-¨t- ¸mÄ- A-Xv`- p-Xw tXm-¶n.- \n§
am-{X-a-Ã,- A-d-_n- cm-Py-§-fnÂ- Z-¯p- ]p-{X-·msc- a-¡-fm-bn-«m-Wv- Ä- t\m-¡p-I.- ^m³- C-hn-sS- Xq¡n-bn-«n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.- C-Xv- CfIn
Im-Wp-¶-Xv.- A-h-cp-sS- `m-cy-am-sc- H-cn-¡-epw- a-¡-fm-bn-«v- A-\phZn- t- ¸m-Im-sX- D-d¸ - n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶X - n-s³-d- AÀ-Yw- - A-Xv- I-d§ - m¯-
¡m³- ]m-Sn-Ã.- A-Xp-t]m-epw- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n-¡v- am-{Xw- A-\p-hZn¨p- -h-®w- D-d-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶m-tWm?- A-tXm- Xm-sg-bn-cn-¡p-¶-h-cp-sS-
sIm-Sp-¯- A-Ãm-lp-hn-s\- \-ap-¡v- G-Xv- \n-e-bnÂ- I-W-¡p-Iq-«m³- D-¨n-bn-te-¡v- ho-gm-Xn-cn-¡m³-th-n- a-m-\-y-am-bn-«v- D-d-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p¶p-
]-äpw.- A-Xv- \n-§Ä-¡v- hnSp-I-bm-Wv. A-Xn-t\-¡mÄ- t{i-jv-TXbpw- sh-¶m-tWm? A-Xv- km-[m-c-W-¡m-c-\v- a-\Ê-n-em-¡m-hp-¶- Im-cyw-
Hu-¶X - y-hp-ap-Å,-- sX-än-s\- sX-äm-bn¯-s¶-- I-- Xn-cp-hN - \
- w- -- C¶pw- am-{Xam-Wv-.- A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶- ss_-_nÄ- `q-an-sb-- D-d-¸n-¨ncn¡p
ssZ-hh-N\ - w- X-s¶-bm-Wv.- A-Xm-Wv- th-Z] - p-kvX - I- ¯ - n-s³-d- ssZh- ¶p- F-¶v- ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ- \½-sf-bpw-sIm-v- D-cp-p-]n-W-ªv- adn-
\n-izm-kyX-bp--sS--- a-säm-cp- L-S-Iw-.- ªv- A-Xv- C-Ãm-Xm-bn-cn-¸m³- A-Xn-s³-d- A-¨p-X-nÂ- AXn-s³d-
{`-a-W-]-Y-¯nÂ- am-\y-am-bn- A-Xn-s\- D-d¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv- sIm-p-X-s¶-bm-Wv- R-§Ä- C-§-s\-sbm-cp- kw-hm-Z-¯n-\v Xbm-
AÀ-°w.- A-Xv- Nn-ń-¡p-¶- a-\p-jy-\pw- hm-bn-¡p-¶- a-\p-jy-\pwdm-b-Xv.- am-{X-hp-a-Ã,- C-Xv- C-kv-em-an-\p-Å- a-dp-]-Sn-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-Å-
km-[mc-W-¡m-c-\pw- a-\-Ê-n-em-¡m-hp-¶- H-cp- Im-cy-am-Wv.- A-Xpw- H-cp- ]p-kv-XI-am-Wv.- C-Xv- 1835Â- ]-»n-jv- sN-bv-X-Xm-Wv.- \n§Ä-
]-d-ªv- Rm³- B- `m-Kw- hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- a-\Ê-ne - m-¡W - w.- 175 hÀ-j§ - Ä¡v- ap-¼v- ap-ke v- nw-IÄ-¡v- B-hiyap-
C-\n- ssh-cp-[y- §
- f- p-sS- Im-cyw- ]-db- p-t¼mÄþ- th-Z] - p-kX v- I- ¯n- Å- a-dp-]-Sn- sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-v.- ]t£,- A-Xv- A-dn-bm-¯- BÄ-¡mÀ-
se- H-¯n-cn- ssh-cp-[-y-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- tc-Js¸- ]p¯³- F-t´m- In-«n-sb-¶p-Å- [m-c-W-bnÂ- C-sXm-s¡- F-Sp¯p-
Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v.- \n-§Ä- Im-W-Ww.- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- an-kv-äÀ- Xncph- sIm-p-h-cn-I- am-{X-ta sN-¿-p-¶p-Åq.- A-Xpw-]-d-ªv- Rm³- B-
«mÀ- Ir-jv-W³-Ip-«n- H-cp- ]p-kv-X-Iw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xn-\p-ti-j-w- F-gpX- `m-Kw- hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- ssh-cp[-y-§Ä-s¡-Ãmw- C-hn-sS- a-dp-]-Sn-bpv.-
s¸-«-X-m-Wv.- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- A-t±-lw- tIm-«v- sN-bv-XX-v- A-Xn-\-I- Iz-kv-äy-³- B³-kÀ- ka-b-¯v- \n--§Ä-- tNm-Zn-¨mÂ- R-§Ä- hy-Iv-
¯v- F-gp-Xn-bn-«p-v.- C-Xn-\-I-¯v- \n-§Ä- a-\Ê-n-em-t¡-- AXn- X-am-bn- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bmw.-
{]-[m-\a- m-b- H-cp- Im-cyw;-- B- ]p-kvX- I
- ¯- n-\I - ¯- v- a-dp]-Sn- ]-dªn- A-h-km-\-am-bn- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ª- H-cp- hm-N-I¯n-\v- Iq-Sn- a-dp-
cn-¡p-¶- \mÂ-]-Xv- tNm-Zy-§Ä- AXp-t]m-se- C-Xn-\-I-¯v- ho-pw- ]-Sn- ]-d-ªv- Rm³- F-s³-d- hm¡p-IÄ- A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv.-
B-hÀ-¯n-¨n-«p-v.- A-t¸mÄ- C-Xn-Â-\n-¶v- a-\Ê-n-em-t¡--Xv- F "R-§Ä-- ap-l½ - Z- n-s\- t]msem-cp- {]-hm-NI - \ - m-bn- tb-ip-hn-s\- Aw-
´m-Wv? (A-\p-_Ôw 11 ImWp-I.) k-Xyw- A-t\z-jn-¡p-I- am-{X Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶p'-.- B- hm-Iy-s¯- R-§Ä- 101 i-X-am-\w- J-Wv-Un-¨p
a-Ã,- Im-cy-§Ä- Im-cy-§-fm-bn-«v- A-dn-bm-¯- km-[m-c-W- P-\-§sf- I-fb- p-Ib- m-Wv.- Im-cW - w- tb-ip-{In-kvX - p-hn-s\-bpw- ap-l½ - Z- n-s\bpw-
sX-än-²-cn-¸n-¡p-I- F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-s³-d- ]n-¶n-se e£yw.- H-tc- \ne-bnÂ- H-cp- Im-e-¯pw- \nÀ-¯m³- km-[y-a-Ã.- G-Xv- ImcW-
A-Xv- \-ap-¡v- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn-«v- a-\-Ê-n-em-Ipw.- Im-c-Ww- A-Xn-\I- ¯m-em-Wv- \nÀ-¯m³- ]-äp-I?-- Po-hn-X-¯n-s³-d-tbm- [mÀa-n-I-X-bp-
¯v- C-Xn-s³-d- D-¯c- w- ]-dª - n-«p-v.- Ct±-lw- C-hn-sS- ]-dª - - ]e- sS-tbm- D-]t- Z-i¯ - n-s³-dtbm- ssZ-hn-IX - b- p-sStb-m- H-cp- Im-cW - ¯n-
ssh-cp[-y-§Ä- F-Ãmw- Chn-sS- ]-d-bm³- k-a-bw- F-\n-¡n-Ã- F¶- epw- Cu- c-v- hy-IvX - n-Is- f-¸ä- n- Xm-cX- a- ys¸-Sp-¯m³- ]-än-Ã.- Ccph-
Xp-sIm-m-Wv- Hm-Sn-tbm-Sn-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xv.- F-Ãmw- F-gp-Xn-sh-¨n-«p-v.- cpw- A-PK - P- m-ć- a- p-v.- tIm-Sn-¡W - ¡- n-\v- ssa-ep-IÄ-¡v- A-¸pd¯v-
H-cp- a-\p-jy³- H-cp- Iz-kv-äy-³- tNm-Zn-¨p.- A-Xn-\v- D-¯-cw- In-«nbmÂ- \nÂ-¡p-¶- c-v- hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-§Ä.-- H-cp-]-t£,- JpÀ-B³- t]m-epw-
A-Xv- hopw- ho-pw- BhÀ-¯n-¨v- tNm-Zn-¡p-I- F-¶p-]-d-ªmÂ- ]m-]w- sN-bvX - n-«p-s-¶v- ]-db - p-¶- ap-l½ - Z- v- \_n-bpw- H-cp- sXsä¦n-
Nn-´- F-´m-b-n-cn-¡mw.- A-k-Xyw- ]-e- {]m-h-iyw- ]-d-ªmÂ- kXy- epw- F-s³-d- t]-cnÂ- Im-Wn-¡m³- I-gn-bp-sa-¦nÂ- A-Xv- k-aq-l
am-Ip-tam-?- H-cp-Im-e-¯p-an-Ã!-- t¯m-Sv- ImWn-¡m³- ]-d-ª- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hpw- X-½nÂ- F-´v-
C-\n- \n-§Ä- a-\-Ê-n-em-t¡-- H-cp- Im-cyw, C-hnsS- -\n-¨v- Hm^v- _-\v[ - w?-- H-cp- _-\v[ - h
- p-an-Ã!-- A-Xp-sIm-v- B- Im-cy-hpw- {In-kvXob-
{Sq-¯n-s³-d- BÄ-¡m-tcm- an-kv-äÀ- Fw. Fw.- A-Iv-_-tdm- B-tcm]n- k-tlm-Zc- § - f- m-b- R-§Ä-¡v- H-cn-¡e - pw- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡m³- ]-äm¯-
¡p-¶, Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- B-tcm-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- F-Ãm- Imcy§ H-cp- Imcy-am-sW-¶v- ]-d-ªp-sIm-v- Rm³- B- `m-K-hpw- hn-SpI
fpw- A-t±-l¯ - n-s³-d- I-p-]n-Sp-¯a- Ã - .- \q-dp-IW- ¡
- n-\v- h-Àj - §- Ä- bmWv.-
¡p-ap-¼p-X-s¶- {In-kv-Xo-b- ap-kv-enw- k-tlm-Z-c-·mÀ- X-½nÂ- NÀ¨- A-Xp-sIm-v- {]n-b- k-tlm-Z-c-§-tf,-- \n-§Ä- tIÄ-¡p-¶-Xv,-
sN-bv-Xv- Nn-ń-¡p-I-bpw- kw-hm-Zw- \-S-¯p-I-bp-sam-s¡- sN-bv-Xv- R-§Ä- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv- i-cn-bm-sW-¶v- Nn-ń¡m-sX- A-Xn-\v- a-dp-]Sn-
am-\y-am-bn- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-ª- Im-cy-§-fm-Wv.- C-t¸mÄ- Nn-e- ap-kvenw- ]-d-bp-hm³,-- Nn-ń-¡p-hm³-,- hm-bn-¡p-hm³- \n-§Ä- X-b-m-dm-I-Ww.-
k-tlm-Zc- · - mÀ-¡v- B-Zy-am-bn-«v- tIÄ-¡p-t¼mÄ- H-cp- A-Xv`- p-Xa- pÅ- ssZ-hw- \n-§-sf- k-lm-bn-¡s«.-
Im-cy-am-Wv.- ]t£,- R-§Ä-¡v- bm-sXm-cp- A-Xv-`p-X-hp-an-Ã.- AXp-
-A-XnÂ- ssZ-hn-I- hN-\-§-fp-v.- A-Xp-sIm-v- X-s¶- {]-h-N-\-
]qÀ¯oIc-Wa- p-v.- im-kv{- X-hp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-¡p-¶- h-N\-§f- pv.-
N-cn-{Xhpam-bn- tbm-Pn-¡p-¶- h-N-\-§fp-v.- ss_-_n-fn-s³d- B-
AÀ-Y-¯nep-Å- F-Ãm- hn-ip²n-bpw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p-sIm-p-Xs¶-
{]-hmN-I-·mÀ-¡p- ti-jw- ]-e-cpw- ]-e-Xpw- ]-e- tIm-e-¯nepw- IS-
¯n-¡q-«nbXp sIm-v- A-_-²-§Ä- kw`-hn-¨p.- A-_-²§Ä-¡v-
H-cp-]mSv- sXfnhp-IÄ- Rm³- D²--cn-¨p.-
_-lp-am-\y-am-b- tPm¬-k¬- kmÀ- A-t±-l-¯n-s³-d- kw-kmc-
¯nÂ- kq-Nn-¸n-¨- H-¶p -c-v- t]m-bn³-dp-Ifp-am-bn- F-\n-¡v- kzm`m-
Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À-
hn-Iambpw- hn-tbm-Pnt¡-n-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.- H-¶m-aXm-bn- Rm³- F
s³-d- ]-p-kv-X-I-¯nÂþ F-s³-d- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wv- {]-[m-\- {]-iv-\wþ-
D²-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶X - v- ap-gp-h\
- pw- {In-kX v- p-aX- hn-cp-²c- m-bh - c- p-sS- ]pkv-
A-Ê-em-ap- A-sse-¡pw- X-I-§-fm-sW-¶m-Wv.- k-Xy-am-bpw- Rm³- ]-d-b-s«,- F-s³d- ]p-kv-
X-Iw- G-sX-¦n-epw- H-cp- k-`¡ - p-th-n- Fgp-Xn-bX - Ã
- .- F-s³-d- ]pkv-
_-lp-am-\-s¸-«- k-tlm-Z-c-·m-sc-, X-Iw,- {In-kvX - p-aX
- w- kzoI-cn¨n-«p-Å,-- ss_-_nÄ- ssZ-hn- I - a- m-sW¶v-
C-hn-sS- Rm³- ss_-_nfn-s³-d- ssZ-hn-IX - s- ¡-Xn-cm-b G-gv- hyIv AwKo-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å- P-\-§-fp-sS- ap-¼nÂ,-- C-Xv- ssZ-hn-I-aÃm-sb-¶pw-
X-am-b- sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv- \n-c-¯n-b-Xv.- _-lp-am-\-s¸-«- kplr-¯v- ]-cn-ip-²- JpÀ-B\ - m-W-v ssZhn-Is- a-¶pw- kvY - m-]n-¡m³ t- h-n- Fgp-
kw-km-cn-¨-t¸mÄ,-- A-t±-lw- F-´p-sIm-m-sW-¶v- A-dnbnÃ; Rm Xn-b- ]p-kv-X-Iam-Wv.- bm-sXm-cp- kw-i-b-hp-an-Ã.-- B- ]p-kv-X-Iw-
³- ]-dª
- - Im-cy-§Ä- a-\Ê - n- e
- m-¡m-¯X - p-sIm-tm- a\Ên-em¡m kzm`m-hn-Ia- m-bn-Xs- ¶- C-hn-sS-bp-Å- _-lp-`qcn-]£ - w- h-cp-¶- ss{I-
³- {i-an-¡m-¯X - p-sImtm- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- a-\Ê - n- e
- m-bn-sÃ-¶v- \-Sn¡p- kv-X-h-sc- {]-Y-a-am-bn- D-¶w-sh-¡p-¶p.- sdbv-av- C-.- {_u¬- tIm
¶-Xp-sIm-tm- Ft´m, Rm³- ]-db - m-¯- I-mc- y-§fm-Wv- A-t±lw- Sm-\p-tImSn- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fp-sS- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- hn-j-b¯nse-
]-e-t¸m-gpw- ]-d-ªp t]m-b-Xv.- H-¶m-a-s¯- Hm-tXm-d-n-än-bm-Wv.- Rm-\-Ã- Im-]-Syw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv.-
H-¶m-a-Xm-bn ]-cn-ip-²- JpÀ-B\n-s³-d- `q-an-I-bnÂ -\n¶mWv C-cp-]-tXm-fw- Hm-W-d-dn- tUm-Iv-S-td-ä-p-I-fp-Å-þ tUm-Iv-S-td-ä- v- F-¶p
Rm³- kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶v- ]-d-ªt¸mÄ- B- `q-an-I-bne-m-Wv- ]-dª- mÂ- C½n-Wn- h-en-b- Im-cy-am-sW-¶m-Wt- Ãm- sh-¸þv At±lw-
F-Ãmhcpw- \nÂ-t¡-Xv- F¶Ã AXnsâ AÀ°w. Rm-³-- H-cp- I-t¯m-en-¡\ - m-Wv,-- i-cn-bm-Wv.- ]-t£,- F-s¶- kw-_\ - [v- n¨nS-t¯m-
ap-kvenam-Wv. Rm³- ss_-_n-fn-s\-bpw- Ko-Xsb-bpw- th-Z-§sfbp- fw- I-t¯m-en-¡\ - pw- {_-Zd-\pw- C-hm-©e - n-kvä- pw- s]-´s¡mkvXpw-
sam-s¡- t\m-¡n-¡m-Wp-I- JpÀ-B\nsâ `qan-I-bnÂ-\n-¶n-«m-Wv.- s{]m-«k- vä- ³-dp-sa-Ãmw- H-cp-t]m-sebmWv. ss_-_nÄ- AwKo-Ic- n¡p-
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn- A-tX- Dm-hp-I-bp-Åq.- Im-c-Ww- B- `-q-an-I-bnÂ- ¶p.- Ah-scÃmw AXp-sIm-mWv Xs¶ Rm³- Im-cy§Ä- D²cn-
\n-¶p-sImv- t\m-¡n-¡m-Wp-t¼mÄ- H-cp- bp-IvXn-hm-Zn- ]-db - p¶Xp- ¨n-«p-v.- Rm³- D²-cn-¨- Im-cy-§Ä- H-cn-¡-epw ss_-_nÄhn-c-p-
t]m-seþ H-cp- ù-Xn-Ih - m-Zn- ]-dbp-¶X - p t- ]m-se- ss_-_n-fn-se F ²cp-tS-XÃ - .- ss_-_nÄ- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡p-¶h - c- p-tS-Xm-Wv.- tUm.- eq¡v,-
Ãm- h-N\ - §
- f- pw- ]p-cmX-\- Im-eL - «- ¯- n-se- A-\v[ - c- m-b,-- hnhc-anÃm tUm.- tPm-k-^v- tIm«-¡Â,- A-tX-t]m-se-X-s¶- H-cp-]m-Sp-t]À.-
¯- Ip-sd- B-fp-IÄ- F-gp-Xn-bp-m-¡n-b-Xm-sW-¶v- ]-d-bm³- km Rm-\n-Xv- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶X - v,-- Rm-\p-²c-- n-¡p-¶- ]p-kX v- I - w- apkvenw
[yaÃ.- A-XnÂ- ssZ-hn-I- h-N-\-§-fp-v.- A-Sn-h-c-bn-«v- ]-d-bp-¶p:- IÄ- kÂ-am³-- dp-jv-Zn-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ-\n-¶v- D-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xp
t]m-se-sb-¶m-Wv C-hn-sS- ]-d-ª-Xv.- I-®-S-¨-v C-cp-«m-¡m³- {ian X-,- C-¶v- Rm³- C³dÀ-s\-änÂ-\n-¶v- Uu¬-tem-Uv- sN-bv-X- hnhc-
¨mÂ- X - p-d¸ - n-¡m³- km-[y-aÃ - - F-¶m-Wv- F\n-¡v- kq-Nn-¸n-¡m\pÅ- §-fp-v; J-pw-dm³- kv-t{Im-Äk -- nÂ- F-´p-v- F-¶v A-XnÂ- \n-¶v-
Xv.- ap-¼pw- R§Ä- kwkm-cn-¨- k-a-b-s¯-Ãmw- A-t±-lw BhÀ {K-ln-¡mw.- A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶- kn-s\-än-¡-knÂ-- F-´p-v- F-¶v
¯n-¨p ]-d-ª- Im-cy-amWn-Xv.- B-cm-Wv- kÂ-am³- dp-jvZn?- tem-I AXnÂ hn-i-ZoI-cn-¡p-¶pv. Ch-bnse Im-cy-§Ä ]qÀ®-ambn
s¯m-cp- ap-kvenw-t]m-epw- A-t±-l-s¯- Ckv-em-an-s³-d- H-cm-fm-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m³- ]-äptam-?- _À-W_m-kn-s³-d- te-J-\w- Aw-Ko-I-
Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡p-¶n-Ã.- AbmÄ- X-s¶- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡p-¶n-Ã.- A-t±lsa- cn-¡m³- km-[n-¡p-tam?þ _À-W-_m-kn-s³-d- te-J-\w- kn-s\än¡
¦n-epw kzbw C-kv-em-an-s³-d- B-fm-bn A-t±-l-s¯- Aw-Ko-I-cn¡p- knÂ- am-{X-ap-ÅX - Ã- .þA-Xp-t]m-se-Xs- ¶- slÀam-kn-s³d- C-Sb - ³-
¶p-tm?-- A-tX-k-a-bw- sdbv-a-v- C.{_u-¬- A-§-s\-bm-tWm?- F-¶- te-J-\w- Aw-Ko-I-cn¡m³- km-[n-¡p-tam?
20Hm-fw- Hm-W-d-dn- tUm-Iv-S-td-äp-IÄ- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- hn-j-b¯nep C-\n- Rm³- th-sd- B-sc-bpw- D²cn-t¡-- B-h-i-y-an-Ã.- _lp
Å-,- I-t¯m-en-¡m-k-`- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- H-¶m-a-s¯- am-\y-\m-b- tPm¬-k¬- kn.- ^n-en-¸v A-S-¡-ap--Å- H-cp- Sow- FgpXn-
A-`n-{]m-ba- m-bn- kzo-Ic- n-¡p¶ hy-IvX - n.-- XoÀ-¨b- m-bpw- tPm¬-k¬- b- þ A-t±-lw- G-Xm-bn-cp-¶m-epw- ]-d-bnÃ-tÃm-- G-tXm- ss__nÄ-
km-dn-\v- tbm-Pn-¡m³- ]-äm-¯-Xp-m-Imw.- A-t±-l-hp-am-bn- hntbm hn-cp-²t³-d-Xm-Wv- Rm³- D-²c-- n-¡p-¶-sX-¶vþ ]p-kv-X-Iam-b- "ss_
Pn-¸v- D-m-Imw.- c-pw- c-v- k-`¡ - m-cm-Wv.- c-pw- c-v- ho-£W§- _nfnsâ- k-¼qÀ-W- ssZ-h-im-kv-{X'--¯nÂ ]-d-bp-¶-p-:- "B-Zy-s¯-
fp-ÅXm-Wv.- ]t£,- F-s³-d- B-Xv-amÀYXbnÂ- kw-i-bn-¡p-hm³,- \mev- \q-äm-p-I-fnÂ- 27 ]p-kv-X-I-§-fpw- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- k-`-I-tfm
Rm³- F-Ãmw- Unkvt- äm-À«- v- sNbvX - p- F-¶v- ]dbm³- A-Xv- F§s\- ]uc-kvX - y- k-Ì- t- fm- H-cp-t]m-se- kzoI-cn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã F-¶- h-kvXp-
bm-Wv- sX-fn-hm-Ip-I?- X- \mw- I-p- I-gn-ªp-. A-t¸m-kv-X-en-I- {K-\v-Y-§Ä- F-¶- \m-a
]n-s¶- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- kq-Nn-¸n-¡m\p-Å-Xv- ss_-_nfn-s³-d- ]p ¯nÂ- \n-c-h-[n- {K-\v-Y-§Ä- A-¡m-e¯v- D-m-b-n-cp-¶-Xp sImv-
cm-hk - X v- p- hn-PRv- m-\o-b¯ - n-epw- ss_-_nÄ- {]-Xn-If- n-ep-ap-Å- Imcy- i-cn-bm-b- {K-\v-Y-§Ä- X-s¶-bpw- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v- Im-e-Xm-akw-
§-fm-Wv.- ss_-_nfn-\- v- 25,-000t¯-m-fw- Is¿-gp-¯v- tc-J-II-fp-s- t\-cn«p.- ]p-Xn-b- \n-ba- I - m-t\m³- Xn-«s- ¸-Sp-¯m³- B-Zy Iu¬knÂ-
¶v- ]-dª - p.- I-s¿-gp-¯v- tc-JI - f- nÂ- e-`n-¡s- ¸-«- G-äh - pw- Nn-c]pcm- Iq-Sn-b-Xp-X-s¶- \m-emw- \q-äm-n-em-Wv.-'- A-tX-t]m-se-X-s¶- Hcp-
X-\-am-b- I-s¿-gp-¯v- tcJ-IÄ- J-pwdm³- kv-t{ImÄ-kv- A-Y-hm- sU- ]m-Sv Im-cy-§Ä.- "amÀ-«n³- eq-ZÀ; s{]m-«-kv-ä³-dv- hn-¹-h-¯n-s³-d
Uv- kokv-t{ImÄ-kv-;- A-tX-t]m-se-X-s¶- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-¯n-s³-d- t\-Xm-h.v- - amÀ-«n³- eqZdn-s³-d- Im-t\m-\nÂ- F-{_m-tbÀ,- bm-t¡m_v,-
hn-jb - ¯ - n-em-sW-¦nÂ-- kn-s\-än-¡k - v- tImU-Ik v- v, C-Xv- c-pw- ]cn- blq-Z-,- sh-fn-]m-Sv- F-¶o- ]pkv-X-I-§Ä-¡v- kvYm-\-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.-
tim-[n-¡p-I.-- Rm³- tNm-Zn-¡-s«-,- C-hn-sS-bp-f-f-- G-sX-¦n-epw- ss{I bm-t¡m-_n-s³d- te-J\ - w- H-cp- ssh-t¡mÂ- teJ-\a- m-sW-¶m-bncp-
kvX- h - - k`-IÄ-¡v- Cu- c-v- ]p-cm-X\ - - t{km-XÊ - p-If- nÂ-\n-¶v- e`n- ¶p- eq-Z-dn-s³d- A-`n-{]m-bw.- sh-fn-]m-Sv- ]p-kv-X-Iw- A-t¸m-kv-X-en
¨- ap-gp-h³- {K-\vY - §- f- pw- Im-t\m-\n-Ia- m-bn- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡m³- km[n- I-tam- {]-m-h-N-\n-I-tam- Bb-n- A-t±-lw- KWn-¨n-Ã.- a-säm-cp- \-hoI-
¡p-tam?- km[y-aÃ - .- kn-s\-än-¡kv- t- Im-UIvk - nÂ- e-`n-¨n-«p-Å- ]pkv c-W- {]-ap-J-\m-b- knw¥n- 27 ]p-kv-X-I-§-fpw- ssZ-h-\n-iz-kv-X-n-Xam-
X-I-§fnepw Jpwdm³ kvt{ImÄknepw C-¶v- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-`- bn- kzo-I-cn-¨p.- \-ho-I-c-W kn-²m-´-¯n-Â G-ä-hpw- hen-b- ssZh-
kzo-I-cn-¡m-¯- ]-e-Xp-ap-v.- C-Xv- Rm³- sh-dp-sX- ]-d-bp¶-X-Ã.- imkv-{X-Pv-R-\mb- tPm¬- ImÂ-hn³- tbm-l-¶m-s³-d- c-v-,- aq¶v-
A-Xn-s\- c-n-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-¨v- F-gp-X-s¸-«- te-J-\-§Ä- A-]v-tUäv- te-J-\-§Ä-,- sh-fn-]m-Sv- ]p-kv-X-Iw- C-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- H-¶pw- ]-dbp
sN-bv-X- þ ]p-cm-X-\-am-b-X-Ã,-- \q-dp-sIm-Ãw- ap-¼-t¯-X-Ãþ- C-t¸mÄ- ¶nÃ.- t{Kj-y-kv- F-¶- ]-Wv-Un-X³- c-v- ]-t{Xm-kv- cv,- -aq-¶v-,-
\-½p-sS- I-¿nÂ- C³-^À-ta-j³- ssl-th- F-s¶m-cp- km-[-\-apv. tbm-l-¶m³,-- bq-Zm- C-{X-bpw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨n-Ã.'--
]pkvXI - ¯
- nÂ am-{X-aÃ - - hn-hc- w- D-m- h - p-I. C-¶v- A-]vt- U-äv- sNbv- C-Xv- 16-mw- \q-äm-n-se- Im-cy-am-Wv.- 16þmw- \qäm-nÂ- ]-d-bp-¶
Im-cyw! tPm¬-k¬- kn.- ^n-en-¸v- kmÀ- Iq-Sn-þ A-t±-l-t¯m-SpÅ- s¶m-cp- {]-h-N-\w- Im-Wm³- km-[y-a-Ã.- Rm³- Z-m-ho-Zn-s³-d- k¦oÀ-
F-Ãm- _-lp-am-\-hpw- ap³-\nÀ¯n-s¡m-v- ]-d-b-s«þ- Aw-Ka-m-bn«p- ¯-\¯nÂ- Ip-d-t¨- hm-bn-¨n-«p-Åq-sh-¶m-Wv- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.- i-cn-bm-
Å- ]-{Xm-[n]k-an-Xn- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨- ]p-kv-XI¯n-em-Wn-Xp- ]d- bn-cn-¡mw.- ]-t£,- apgp-h³- hm-bn-¨-hÀ- ]db-s«,- C-§-s\-sbm-cp-
bp-¶-Xv-.- A-t¸mÄ- 16þm-w- \q-äm-nÂ-t]m-epw- ss_-_n-fnÂ- G-sXm- {]-h-N-\-aptm?- C-§-s\-sbm-cp- {]-h-N-\-an-Ã.- ]n-s¶- F-hn-sS-
s¡- ]p-kX v- I
- w- ssZ-hn-Ia- m- W
- v,- G-sX-ms- ¡- ssZ-hn-Ia- Ã - - F-¶- hnj \n-s¶-Sp-¯p.- At¸mÄ- H-¶p-InÂ- a-¯m-bn- I-f-hv- ]-d-ªn-«p-m-
b
- -¯nÂ- A-`n-{]m-b- hyXym-k-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p- F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv- CXn- I-Ww.- Rm³- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶n-Ã- a-¯m-bn- I-f-hv- ]-d-ªp-sh-¶v.-
s³d- AÀ-Yw- .- A-Xm-Wv- C-hn-Ss- ¯- {]-[m-\s- ¸-«- {]-iv\ - w.- Im-t\m\n- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- A¶v- a-¯m-bn- H-cp- {]-h-N-\ -{K-\v-Y-am-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn¨n-
I-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-¡m-\p-Å- am\-Z-Wv-U-w- F-´m-Wv? 16þmw- \q-ämp- cp-¶- G-tXm- {K\v-Y-§Ä- \-½p-sS- ssI-I-fnÂ- C-¶n-Ã F-¶X-tÃ
h-sc- B- am-\-Z-Wv-U-¯n-s³-d- hnj-b-¯nÂ- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k -AÀ-Y-w-.- ]-g-b- \n-b-a-¯nÂ- GXm-bmepw C§s\ Hcp hN-\-anÃ.
§Ä- \n-e-sIm-n-cp-¶p.- ]-e- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fpw- Im-t\m-\n-I-am-bn- CXv- H-¶p-am-{X-a-Ã.- bqZm-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-Iw- F-Sp-¯v- hm-bn-¨p
]e-cpw- ]-e- tIm-e-¯n-epw- ]-e- cq-]-¯n-epw- kzo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶p.- CXv- t\m-¡p-I.- bqZm-bp-sS- ]p-kvX - I- w- 9þmw- h-N\- ¯- nÂ- ]-db - p¶p. "tam-
h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- C-Xv- k-Xy-amWv.- ]-¨-bm-bn- Im-cy-§Ä- a-\Ênem- i-bp-sS- kzÀ-Km-tcm-lW - w'-- F-¶- ]p-kX -v I
- ¯nÂ \n-¶-v D²cn¡p¶p.
¡pI.- A-hn-sS- G-äh - pw- ]p-cm-X\ - a- m-b- kvt{ImÄ-kv- DÅXp-sImv- 14,-15- h-N\
- §- f- nÂ C-t\m-¡n-s³-d- H-¶mw- ]p-kvX - I
- w- H¶mw- A[ym-
Im-cy-an-Ã.- (A-\p-_-Ô-w 12 ImWp-I.) b-¯nÂ- H³-]-Xm-a-s¯- h-N-\w- D-²-cn-¡p-¶p.- CsX-Ãmsa-´m-Wv.-
G-ä-hpw- ]p-cm-X-\-am-b- kv-t{ImÄ-knÂ- H-cp-]m-Sv- I-s¿-gp-¯v- C-t\m-¡n-s³-d- ]p-kvX - I- w- C-¶v- ss_-_n-fn-ep-tm?- ss_-_n-fnen-
tc-J-I-fp-v.- k-Xyam-Wv.- C-{km-CuÂ- X-d-hm-«n-se- F-Ãm- I-s¿gp- Ã.-- AXm-cm-Wv- F-Sp-¯p-I-f-ª-Xv?- A-t¸mÄ,-- a-¯m-bn- D²cn-¨,--
¯v- tc-J-I-fpw- \-ap¡v- ssZ-hn-I- {K-\v-Y-§-fm-bn-«v Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m³- AtX-t]m-se-X-s¶- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a Imt\m-\-n-Â-
km-[n-¡ptam? F-¶mÂ-- A-Xv- XoÀ-¨b - m-bpw- \-ap¡v- ]-cn-tim-[nt¡- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å- ]-ecpw- D-²-cn-¨- ]-e-Xpw- F-Sp-¯p-I-fªp.-
- Im-cy-am-Wv.- ]n-s¶- ]p-Xnb- \n-b-a-¯n-s³-d- Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ- A-tX-t]m-se-X-s¶- F-Sp-¯p-I-f-ª- {K-\v-Y§-fp-sS- en-kv-änÂ-
\n-e-\n-¶n-cp¶- ]-g-b- \n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä-; B- ]-g-b- \n-b-a- ]pkv _À-W_m-kn-s³d kphnti-jw- F-s¶m-cp- {K-\v-Yw-IqSn-bp-v-
XI-§fnÂ- tb-ip-hpw- AtX-t]m-se-X-s¶- At¸m-kv-X-e-·m-cpsa- F¶v- - kzIm-cy-am-bn- \mw- A-dn-ªp-sh-¡p-I.- B- NÀ-¨bnte-¡v-
Ãmw- kzo-Ic- n-¨n-cp-¶- ]p-kvX - I
- §Ä- G-sXm-s¡-bm-bn-cp-¶p?-- Ct¸m- t]m-tI--Xn-Ã.- B- ]p-kv-X-Iw- D-v- F¶-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hv- Fs³d-
gp-Å- ]-g-b- \n-ba-¯n-se- C-hn-sS- kzo-I-cn¡-s¸-«n-«p-Å- ]p-kv-XI- I-¿nÂ- _-lp-am-\y-\m-b- tPm¬-k¬- kn.- ^n-en-¸v F-gp-Xn-b- k¼q
§Ä- X-s¶-bm-tWm?- B- 39 {K-\vY - §- Ä- X-s¶bm-tWm- kzo-Icn¨n- ÀW- ssZ-hi - m-k{v- Xw X-s¶-bm-Wv.- F-Sp-¯p-Ifª- ]p-kX v- I - §
- fp-
cp-¶-Xv?- AX-Ãm-¯- ]p-kv-XI-§Ä- h-Ã-Xpw- D-m-bn-cp-¶p-thm?- sS- en-kv-äv- B- ]p-kv-X-I¯nep-v.- {]-k-vXp-X- en-kv-änÂ- B- ]pkv-
]-cn-tim-[n-¡-s¸-S-Ww.- A-hn-sS- \-ap-¡v- Im-Wm³- I-gn-bpw- ]e- D X-I-hpw- \ne-hn-ep-v- F-¶v- \mw- a-\-Ê-n-em-¡p-I.-
²-cWn-I-fpw-; a-¯m-bn- c-mw- A-[ym-b-¯nÂ- 23mw- h-N-\-¯nÂ C-hn-sS- Rm³- D-²cn-¨- Im-cy-§Ä-¡v- ap-gph³- X-s¶- _-lpam-
D²-cn-¡p-¶p. "A-h³- \-{km-tb-¡m-c³- F-¶v- hn-fn-¡-s¸-Spw F¶v- \y-\m-b- kp-lr-¯v- h-f-sc- hn-Im-c-]-c-am-bn- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-ªn-cn¡p-
{]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- A-cpÄ- sN-bv-X-Xv- \n-d-th-äp-¶-Xn-\p-th-n'.-- Ah³- I-bm-Wv.- Rm³- ]-d-ª Im-cy§Ä- h-f-sc- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn-
\-{km-tb-¡m-c-s\-¶v- hn-fn-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-¶v- {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- A-cpÄ- \n§-fp-sS- Nn-´¡ - v- hn-t[-ba- m-¡W - s- a-¶v- am-{X-amWv A-t±-lt- ¯m
sN-bv-Xn-«p-v- F-¶v- a-¯m-bn- F-gp-Xp-¶p-sh-¦n-Â- ]-g-b- \n-b-a¯n- sSm-¸w- F-Ãm-ht- cm-Spw- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-hm-\p-ÅX - v.- \-½p-sS- \n-Xy-Poh³-
se- DÂ-]-¯n- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ap-XÂ- amem-Jn-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-Iw -h-sc- {]-[m\-s¸-«- Hcp- {]-iv\ - a- m-Wv.- B- \n-Xy-Po-h³- F-¶- {]-iv\ - ¯- nÂ-
sX-cªmÂ- "A-h-³-- \-{km-tb¡m-cm-³- F-¶v- hn-fn-¡-s¸-Sp-'-sa- ssZ-hn--I- amÀ-KZ- À-i\ - w A-\n-hm-cyam-Wv.- C-hn-sS- ap-l½ - Z- v- \-_n(e)-
sb-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-eXpw- ]-d-ªp.- Rm³- A-Xn-\v- C-t¸mÄ- a-dp-]-Sn- ÅhÀ- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-tb--Xm-Wv.- ]-t£,- A-Xn\v- ss__nfn-s³-d-
]d-bp-¶n-Ã.- a-dp-]-Sn-bn-Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm--Ã.- \n-¨v- Hm^v- {Sq-¯n-s³d- ssZ-hn-IX - - F-¶- hn-jb - hpam-bn- _-\v[ - s¸-«- th-Zn-bÃ
- - B-hiyw.-
{]-hÀ-¯-I-sc- kw-_-\v-[n-¨n-S-t¯mfw- \n-§Ä-¡-dn-bmw- Hm-¸¬- A-Xn-\-v \-ap-¡-v JpÀB-\n-s³-d- ssZ-hn-IX - s- b-¡p-dn-¨pÅ th-Zn-bmWv-
kv-tä-PnÂ- ù-Xn-I-hmZn-IÄ- A-S-¡w- D-¶-bn-¡p-¶- tNm-Zy-§Ä¡v- th-X - .v - A-hn- s- S- sh-¨-v \-ap-¡X
- -v N-À¨
- - sN-¿mw.- BcmWv- k¶²w?-
a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm³- k-¶-²-cm-Wv CXns³-d- {]-hÀ-¯-I-sc-¶v.- \n¨n- C- t- X-cq-]¯ - nÂ- Hm-¸W - m-bn- \ap-¡v- NÀ-¨- sN-¿mw.- \n¨n-s³-d- {]hÀ-
s³-d- k-hn-ti-jX - s- Im-tm- R-§fp-sS- I-gn-hp-IÄ - - sIm-tm- AÃ;- ¯-IÀ- k-¶²-cm-W-v F-¶v- hn-\-o-X-am-bn- Adn-bn-¡pI-bm-Wv.-
a- -dn-¨v,-- ]-cn-ip-²- JpÀ-B-\pw- {]-hm-N-I-s³-d- Po-hn-X-N-cy-bpw- A{X- ChnsS ss__nfns³d [mÀa-nIXsb¡pdn¨v ]dªt¸mÄ
¡v- k-a-{K-am-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wv.- \n-§Ä-¡v- F-Ãm- hn-aÀ-i-\-§-fpw- {]hmNI·mÀ A[mÀanIcmbncp¶p F¶v,- ss__nÄ hnhcn¡p¶
D-¶b - n-¡mw.- ]-t£-,- \-½p-sS- hnj-bw- am-dn-t¸m-bn.- C-sXm-cp- kwhm- {]hmNI·msc¡pdn¨v ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Znhy]pcpj·msc¡pdn¨v,
Z-am-Wv.- "ss__n-fn-s³d- ssZ-hn-I'- X-bm-Wv- hn-jb - w.- ap-l½- Z- v- \_n- s- sZh¯n¦Â \n¶v {]amW§Ä e`n¨hsc¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼mÄ
{]-hm-N-I-\m-tWm- F-¶- hn-j-bw- \-ap-¡v- \m-sf- C-tX- th-Zn-bnÂ- AhcmWv Cu temIs¯ \bn¨ncp¶Xv F¶ hkvXpX \mw
sh-¨v- NÀ-¨- sN-¿mw.- \n-¨n-s³-d- {]-hÀ-¯I - À- k-¶² - c- m-Wv.- JpÀB a\Ê-nem¡Ww. AXmWv ss__nfnse ]gb \nbaw- ]dbp¶Xv.
³- ssZ-hn-Iam-tWm- F-¶- hn-jb - w- \m-sf- th-Ws- a-¦nÂ- C-tX- thZn- {]hmNI·mcneqsSbmWv temI¯v [Àa-m[Àa§Ä ]Tn¸n¡s¸-
bnÂ-sh-¨v- NÀ-¨- sN-¿mw.- \n-¨n-s³-d- {]-hÀ¯IÀ- k-¶-²cmWv.- «-Xv.- B [Àa-m[Àa-§Ä ]-Tn¸n-¨-- {]hmNI·mÀ C§s\ sN¿p¶
]-e-t¸m-gpw -ss{I-kv-X-h- an-j-W-dn-amÀ- sN-¿mdp-Å- h-f-sc- hne- hcmsW¦nÂ ]ns¶ F´psImv F\n¡v A§s\ Bbn¡qSm-
Ip-dª - - A-Sh - v- Cu- hn-jb - ¯nÂ- FSp-¡c- p-Xv- F-¶p-am-{X-sa- F\n- Fs¶mcmÄ tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ adp]Sn ]dbm³ \½Ä _m[ykvY
¡v- kq-Nn-¸n¡m-\p-Åq.- B- hn-eI - p-dª
- - AS-hv- F-´m-sW¶v- Adn- cmWv. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: AÃ, {]hmNI·mÀ H¶pw A§s\
bm-tam-?- ss_-_n-fn-se {]-iv-\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ, bÃ. ChnsS ]qÀWambn FÃm \ne¡pÅ [Àa-m[Àa§sf¡pdn
B- {]-iv-\-§Ä-¡v- a-dp-]-Sn- ]d-bm³- km-[n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- C- ¨pw ]Tn¸n¡p¶ {K\vYamWv ss__nÄ F¶v ]dªp. XoÀ¨
Xm- C-Xn-ep-v- A-§-s\-,- A-Xn-ep--tÃm- C-§-s\- F-¶v- ]-d-ªv- bmbpw ]cntim[n¡s¸tSXmWXv. aZy]m\w F¶ hnjbw;-
{i-²- A-t§m-«pw- C-t§m-«pw- Xn-cn-¨p-hnSpI. IrXy-am-bn,-- ss__nÄ- AXnÂ ss__nfns³d hn[n F´mWv?- sImcnýÀ¡v FgpXnb
ssZ-hn-I-a-sÃ-¦nÂ- A-Ãm-sb-¶v- k-½-Xn-¡p-I.- A-XnÂ- ssZ-hn-Ia- H¶mw teJ\¯nÂ Bdmw A[ymb¯nse 10þmw hN\¯nÂ
Ãm-¯- h-N-\-§-fp-s-¦nÂ- ssZ-hn-I-a-Ãm-¯- h-N-\-§Ä- D-v- ImWp¶p "aZy]m\n kzÀKcmPyw AhImiam¡pIbnÃ'-. AtX
F¶v- k-½X - n-¡p-I. JpÀ-B³- ssZ-hn-Ia- t- Ã \ap¡v ]-cn-tim[n¡mw.- ss__nfnÂ tbml¶ms³d kphntijw cmw A[ymb¯nse
k-Xym-t\z-jn-IÄ- F-¶- \n-e¡ - v;- JpÀ-B³- 100 i-Xa- m-\w- ssZ-hnI- H¶papXÂ ]Xns\m¶v hscbpÅ hN\§fnÂ tbip{InkvXp
amtWm- F-¶v-. tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- t]m-se, tam-i-sb- t]m-se-,- Xs¶ ]¨shÅw aZyam¡n amänbXpw AXv Xs³d kaqls¯
tem-I-¯v- I-S-¶p-h-¶- a-äv- {]-hm-N-I-·m-sc-t]m-se h-¶- {]-hm-NI- s¡mpw Im\mbnse IeymWhncp¶nÂ ]s¦Sp¯hscs¡m
\m-Wv- A-ń-a- {]-hm-NI - \
- m-b- ap-l½- Z- v- \-_n-(e)- F-¶v- B-XvamÀY- pw IpSn¸n¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v elcn _m[n¡pIbpw sNbvX
am-bn- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶- H-cp- hyIv-Xn-bm-Wv- Cu-bp-Å-h³.- \n-¨n-s³d- IY \½Ä hmbn¡p¶p. aZyw icnbÃmsb¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ H-cp-
{]-hÀ-¯-I-sc-Ãmw- A-§s\-X-s¶.- A-§-s\- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶- hyIv- A_vImcn Xncn¨v tNmZn¡p¶p. "Rm³ tbip sNbvX ]Wn am{X
Xn- F-¶- \n-e¡ - v- B- hn-jb - ¯
- n-ep-Å- \n-§f- p-sS- GXv- {]-iv-\§Ä- atÃ sN¿p¶Xv?'- F´mWv adp]Sn?- R§sf kw_\v[n¨nSt¯m
¡pw- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm³- Rm³- _m-[yk-v-Y-\m-Wv F-¶v- Rm³- hnNm- fw adp]Sn Dv. CÃ!- CÃ!- Fs³d _lpam\y\mb tbip{InkvXp,-
cn-¡p-¶p;- A-dn-hp-Å- hn-j-b-¯nÂ-.- A-dn-hn-Ãm-¯Xn-\- v- A-dn-hp- Fs³d {]hmNI\mb tbip{InkvXp A§s\ sNbvXn«nÃ,
A§s\ sNbvXn«p-m-b-ncp¶psh¦nÂ a¯mbnbpw amÀt¡m Rm³- BZcthmSp IqSn t\m¡n¡p-. Cu ]pkvXI¯nepÅXp

kpw eqt¡mkpw Adntbnbncp¶p. AD80IÄ¡ptijw am{Xw t]mepÅ adp]SnbmWv CXnseÃmw DÅ-sX¦nÂ ZbhpsNbvXv
FgpXs¸«, tbml¶m³ {Ko¡v ^ntemk^nbnÂ\n¶pw ]eXpw A¯cw KthjW {]_\v[§Ä temI¯n\v ap¼nÂ AhXcn
ISsaSp¯ Iq«¯nÂ ISsaSp¯ Hcp AXymNmc¯n\v sXfnhp ¸n¡mXncn¡pIbmWv sa¨sa¶m-Wv- R§Ä¡v kqNn¸n¡m\p
m¡phm³thn alm\mb tbiphns³d PohnXs¯ _enbm Å-Xv-. \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯nÂ Ckvemans\¡pdn¨v ]Tn¡m³ hcp¶
Sm¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv F¶v Rm³ XoÀ¨bmbpw adp]Sn ]dbp ss{IkvXh kplr¯p¡Ä¡v R§Ä- BZyambn \ÂIp¶
¶p. AhnsSbmWv {]iv\w. AhnsSbmWv ASnkvYm\]camb {][m\s¸« ]pkvXIw CXmWv. CsXm-¶v hmbn¨mÂ GItZi
Imcyw. ChnsS asä´¦nepw NÀÏfpsS {]iv\aÃ. kwib§sfÃmw XoÀ¶v In«pw. CXv GXv ]pkvXI¯n\pÅ
ss__nfnse imkv{Xobamb A_²§sf¡pdn¨v ]dª adp]SnbmtWm B ]pkvXIwIqSn sImSp¡mdpv F¶pam{Xta
t¸mÄ Rm³ Fs³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ sImSp¯n«pÅ 20 A_² bpÅq. Hcp am\yamb `mjt]mepw D]tbmKn¡m³ Adnbm¯
§sf-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-dª - p-.- A-h- im-kv{- Xo-ba- m-bn- sX-fn- bn-¨mÂ- H¶c BfpIÄ, A§s\¯s¶- Rm³ ]dbs«, am\yamb `mj t]mepw
e£w cq] \Â-Im-sa¶mWv tPm¬-k¬- kmÀ- ]dªXv. H¶c D]tbmKn¡m³ Adnbm¯ Bf-pIÄ KthjW¯ns³dt]cnÂ
e£w cq] th.- AXv NÀ¨pIfpsS A¡unte¡pXs¶ hchv Al¦mcw sImÅp¶Xv ImWpt¼mÄ AXv`pXw tXm¶p¶p.
sh¨psImÅpI. ]t£, Hsc®¯ns\-¦n-epw- hkvXp\njvTambn Rm³ ]dbs«, Fs³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dªn«pÅ A_²§
a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bp-I.- R§Ä F«mw ¢mkpImcmWv. R§Ä ]n.F¨v. Ä¡v, sshcp[y-§Ä¡v H¶n\p t]mepw hkvXp\njvTambn adp]Sn
Un¡mcÃ. R§Ä km[mcW¡mcmWv. km[mcW¡mcmb R ]dªn«nÃ Cu ]pkvXI¯nÂ!- F-s³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ D²cn
§Ä¡v kzÀKcmPy¯nte¡v t]mIm³, \nXyPoh\nte¡v t]m ¨n«pÅ C¶bn-¶ Imcy¯n\v C¶bn-¶ adp]Sn ]dªn«ps¶v
Im\pÅ amÀKw ImWWw. B amÀKs¯¡pdn¨v ]Tn¸n¡p¶p hmbn¡s«. \ap¡v ]cntim[n¡mw. \ap¡v ]Tn¡mw. AXÃmsX
F¶v ]dbp¶ ss__nÄ \n§Ä AhXcn¸n¡pt¼mÄ B tIhew hnImc{]IS\wsImv ImcyanÃ. hnjb§Ä ]Tn¡pI;
ss__nÄ R§fpsS Adnhns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ ]cntim[n hkvXp\njvTambn.- Fń\mWv hnImc{]IS\w?- Bib§fmWv
¡pt¼mÄ AXnÂ ImWp¶p ISpIv aWnbmWv Gähpw sNdnb \½Ä apt¶m«p sh¡p¶Xv. P\§fpsS ap¼nÂ Bib§Ä
hn¯v F¶v. R§Ä¡n¶v Adnbmw. ISpIv aWnsb¡mÄ sNdnb sh¡s«.
hn¯v Dv F¶v. CtXt]mse \nch[n Imcy§Ä Rm³ Fs³d C¶-v \m-w- kw-hm-Z¯
- n-\m-bn- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨n-cn-¡p- ¶
- X
- v JpÀBt\m
kwkmc¯nÂ D²cn¡pIbpmbn. B Imcy§Ä, AtXt]m ss__ntfm GXmWv ssZhnI hN\w F¶ hnjbaÃ. AXp
se Fs³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ Ipdn¨n«pÅ Imcy§Ä; AXnÂ H¶n- sImmWv JpÀB\nte¡v t]mIm³ Rm³ k¶²aÃm¯Xv.
\-pwXs¶ hkvXp\njvTamb adp]Sn ]dbmsX tIhe sshIm JpÀBt\m ss__ntfm GXmWv ssZhnI hN\sa¶ hnjbw
cnI {]I-S-\-§Ä \-S-¯n-bn-«v- Im-cy-an-Ã.- \ap¡v NÀ¨ sN¿mw. AtXt]mse JpÀBs³d ssZhnIX \ap¡v
"Hcp henb'- {K\vYw C-hn-sS- FSp¯n«ncn¡pIbmWv. "ss{Ikv NÀ¨ sN¿mw. B hnjbw hcpt¼mÄ B hnjbw \mw NÀ¨
XhX Ckvemw kwhmZw'- F¶ ]pkvXIw.- CXnÂ F--Ãmä-n\pw sN¿pI. AsÃ¦nÂ km[mcW sNdnb Ip«nIÄ ]dbmdpÅXp
adp]Sn ]dªn«pv F¶mWv hm-Zw.- \qämpIfmbn«v ss{Ikv t]mse C¶ XIcmdv \n\¡v Dv F¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ \obpw
Xh kÌfnÂ\n-¶v- C§s\ hnaÀi§Ä¡v hkvXp\njvTamb,- C¶Xv sNbvX BftÃ F¶v ]dbp¶ B coXn \nÀ¯pI. B
KthjWmXvaIamb adp]SnIÄ cwK¯v h¶n«pv,- tPÀWepI XIcmÀ- F´mWv?- AXv hkvXp\njvTambn ]cntim[n¡pI.
fpv,- ]pkvXI§Ä Dv F¶v- tPm¬-k¬- kmÀ ]dªt¸mÄ hn-j-bw- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ- Rm³ Ahkm\ambn ]dª
Imcyw hopw BhÀ¯n¡pIbmWv. ]gb \nba ]pkvXI¯n

Â\n¶v D²cn¡pt¼mÄhsc sXäp]ämdpÅhcmWv ]pXnb \nba
{K\vYImc·msc¦nÂ AhÀ ]dbp¶ \nXyPohs³d ktµiw
sXäp]äm¯XmWv F¶v \ap¡v F§s\ AwKoIcn¡m³ Ign
bpw. ChnsS \nXyPoh\mWv ss__nfns³d {][m\s¸« hnjb
sa¶pw ss__nfnÂ {][m\ambpw ]dbp¶Xv AXmWv F¶pw
AXnte¡v temI¯nse ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\mfpIsf ]cnhÀ
¯n¸n¨psImncn¡p¶psh¶pw FÃmw ]dªp. Rm³ AsXm
¶pw \ntj[n¡p¶nÃ. ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\mfpIfpsS IY ]d
bpIbmsW¦nÂ \½psS kXykmbn_m_-¡pw AXp t]mseX
s¶ amXm AarXm\µabn¡pw Ct¸mÄ hcp¶ U_nÄ {io Kpcp
¡·mÀ¡psaÃmw \nch[n ]Xn\mbnc§sf¡pdn¨v ]dbm\pv.
cm-as¯ {]Xn-hmZw
]t£, AXÃ {]iv\w.
{]mamWnIambn,- _p²n]cambn, hkvXp\njvTambn \½Ä
]cntim[n¡Ww. F¶n«v \n§Ä ]dbpI. ss__nfnse ]pkv
XI§Ä Imt\m\-nIa-mWv,- ssZhnIamWv F¶v. Rm³ Cu ]d
bp¶ {]iv\§Ä¡v F´mWv adp]Sn?- tbip ]dªpsh¶v
]dªv tbiphnÂ Btcm]n¡s¸« {]hN\§Ä; B Btcm (15 an\p«v hoXw)
]n¡s¸« {]hN\§Ä tbip{InkvXphns³d ssZhnIXs¡¶-
Ã, tbip{InkvXphns³d {]hmNIXz¯n\v t]m-epw- FXncv \nÂ
¡p¶p. BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXIw 18mw A[ymb¯nse 19,20 hN\
§fnÂ ]dªn«pÅsX´mWv?- "Hcp {]hmNI³ tXm¶ymkambn
hÃXpw ]dªmÂ AXv kw`hn¡nÃ. C\n Hcp {]hmNI³
Hcp Imcyw ]dªXv A§s\ kw`hn¨n«nsÃ¦nÂ AbmÄ tXm
¶ymkambn ]dªXmWv F¶v \½Ä a\Ê-nem¡Ww'-. F¦nÂ
tbip tXm¶ymkambn ]dªpsht¶m?þssZh¯n¦Â icWw.
Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p. a¯mbn tbiphns³d t]cnÂ tXm¶ym
kambn Btcm]n¨psh¶v. Fs³d alm\mb {]hmNI³ tbip
{InkvXp tXm¶ymkw ]dªnÃ. sXäv ]dªnÃ. AXp sImv
hkvXp\njvTamb ]T\¯n\v \mw hnt[bam¡pI. Nnń¡pI.
a\Ê-nem¡pI. KthjW§Ä sN¿pI. F¶n«-v Imcy§Ä
DÄs¡mÅpI F¶v am{Xw kqNn¸n¨psImv Rm³ hm¡pIÄ
D]kwlcn¡p¶p.
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 92 cm-as¯ {]Xn-hmZw 93
tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v
ankväÀ Fw.Fw. AIv_À ]e Imcy§Ä ]dªp. AXns³d

IqsS aq¶v Imcy§Ä k½Xn¨p. A¡mcy¯nÂ F\n¡v hfsc
kt´mjapv. H¶v, tUmIvStdäv F¶v ]dªmÂ AXv henb
ImcyamsW¶v. Wonderful. Thank you very much. cv, ùXnI
ambn«pÅ, AsÃ¦nÂ ùXnI imkv{X§fnÂ A[njvTnXamb
BÀKypsa³dn\v Xm³ XbmdsÃ¶v. Nne hÀj§Ä¡pap¼v
R§Ä X½nepmb ss{]häv Unt_änÂ Xm³ Xs¶ ]dª
Hcp Imcyapv. Unt_äv XpS§p¶ BÄ GXv sse\nemtWm
Unt_äv XpS§p¶Xv {]XnhmZn AtX sse\nÂ adp]Sn ]dbW
sa¶v. A¶v A§s\ ]dªXns³d sdt¡mUnwKv Fs³d I¿n
epv. AtX hyIvXn C¶v AtX coXnbnÂ sdkvt]mv sN¿m
sX Rm³ temPn¡en BÀKypsa³dv {]k³dv sNbvXt¸mÄ
AXnÂ \n¶v escape sNbvXXn\v I express my thanks to him.
It takes a lot of guts to be dishonest in front of public. aq¶maXv,
CkvemanIv hyq t]mbn³dn\v A\pkcn¨mWv ss{IkvXhsc
ho£n¡p¶sX¶v ]dªp. ]dªXns³d AÀYwþRm³ Fsâ-
]¨¡®mSn sh¨p am{Xsa ho£n¡¯pÅq. AXv kXysa¶v
k½Xn¡m³ \n§Ä XbmdmsW¦nÂ AXv aXn. R§Ä¡pw
thWsa¦nÂ AtXcoXnbnÂ dishonest Bbn«pÅ coXnbnÂ
kwkmcn¡m³ km[n¡pw. honest Bbn«v logically Unt_äv sN
¿msa¶v ]dªn«v Cu coXnbnepÅ UntkmWkvämbn«pÅ Hcp
s{]kt³dj³þ CXv `qjWaÃ. When there is a debate it should coXnbnepÅ personal rivalry AÃnXv. ankväÀ AIv_À B D²c
be equal. One should not try to escape by using abay by words. WnbnÂ ]dªt]mse km¯m³ IÀ¯mhns\ Hcp aeapIfnÂ
Fs³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ \n¶v Hcp Izt«j³ ChnsS hmbn¨ncp sImpt]mbn«v temIw apgph³ ImWn¨p F¶Ã ss__nfnÂ
¶p. Rm³ AXv hfsc At{]tjyäv sN¿p¶p. ImcWw ankväÀ ]dªncn¡p¶Xv. F´mWv ]dªncn¡p¶sX¶pÅXv \n§Ä
AIv_dns³d FXnIvkv F´msW¶v AXnÂ\n¶v hyIvXambn. Xs¶ hmbn¨pt\m¡v. ss__nfns³d Ipsd tIm¸okpw ChnsS
B FXnIvkns³d shfn¨¯nÂ Xm³ ss__nfnÂ \n¶v FSp sImph¶n«pv. FÃmhÀ¡pw Hmtcm tIm¸nsbSp¡mw. please
¯ D²cWnIÄ H¶pIqSn ]cntim[n¨pIgnªt¸mÄ FÃmw read it. CXv Hcp IebmWv. ]dªncn¡p¶XnÂ \n¶v Hcp hm
Htc coXnbnepÅ D²cWnbmsW¶pÅXv a\Ênembn. ss__n s¡Sp¯v AhnsS\n¶pw ChnsS \n¶pw hn«v Hcp hm¡v tNÀ¯v
fns³d Imt\m\nIXsb Ipdn¨v Rm³ ]dªXnÂ \n¶v Hcp Hcp hm¡v imply sNbvXv GsX¦nepw coXnbnÂ Unt_äv sN¿pI.
t]mÀ-j³ am{XsaSp¯v Imt\m\nknänsb¡pdn¨v Scholars s³d especially ankväÀ AIv_dns\ t]mse aebmf `mj ssIImcyw
CSbnÂ hnhmZapmIps¶¶v kvYm]n¡phm³ thn {ian¨p. sN¿m³ IgnhpÅ Hcp hyIvXn¡v GXv hm¡pthWsa¦nepw
B essay complete hmbn¨p IgnªmÂ \n§Ä¡v a\ÊnemIp FSp¯v AÀYw A\ÀYam¡n¯oÀ¡phm³ km[n¡pw. B coXn
¶ Hcp Imcyw ss__nfns³d Imt\m\-nknänsb¡pdn¨v BÀ bnepÅ Ipsd {SnIvkv ChnsS bqkv sNbvXn«pv. AXns³dsbmcp
¡pw Hcn¡epw kwibapmbncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ Hmtcm Imebf FIvkmw_nfmWnXv. asämcp FIvkmw-_nÄ BWv Im\m\nÂ
hnepw {InkvXy³ kvtImtfgvkn\v Unt_än\v {ôUw Dmbncp IÀ¯mhv aZyapm¡nsb¶v ]dªXv. AXn\v adp]Sn Rm³
¶Xp sImv AXXv Imew NneÀ Nne hnjbs¯ ]cntim[n ]dªn«pÅXmWv. aäv ]ecpw ]dªn«pÅXmWv. ss__nfnse
¡phm³ thn Uosäbnembn«v tNmZn¡pIbpw C\ojyen AXn "aZyw' F¶pÅXpw "hoªv' F¶pÅXpwþ CXn\pthn thsd
s\ No F¶v ]dªp Ignªv AXv dnkÀ¨v sNbvXv AXns\¡p thsd hm¡pIfpv. hm¡pIÄ thsd thsd bqkv sNbvXn«pv.
dn¨v Yes F¶ Xocpam\¯nÂ F¯pIbpw sNbvXp. ImcWw tbml¶ms³d cmw A[ymb¯nÂ asämcp hm¡mWv D]tbm
{InkvXy³kv Blind belief AÃ. t\scadn¨v A-hÀ- temPn¡en Kn¨Xv. FÃmw hyIvXam¡n ]dªn«pw ankväÀ AIv_À CXv
FÃm Imcys¯bpw ]cntim[n¨v AXnÂ Hcp conclusion hcp¶ C¶pw accept sN¿m³ XbmdÃ. Rm³ tNmZn¡s«. kzÀK¯nÂ
Xns\ encourage sNbvXp. F¶mÂ Hcp hnjbs¯ ]cntim[n¨p AÃmlp Xs³d ÌvX·mÀ¡pthn aZy¯ns³d XSmI§ÄX
F¶v am{Xw ]dbpt¼mÄ AXv kwibambncps¶¶pw C§s\ s¶ Dm¡nbn«ps¶pw ]dªn«pv. At¸mÄ XSmI§sf
sbms¡ ]dªp IgnªmÂ BÀ¡p thWsa¦nepw F´v th A\pIq-en¡p¶ B _p¡ns³d Hcp hnizmkn IÀ¯mhmb tb
Wsa¦nepw sXfnbn¡phm³ km[n¡pw. Cu coXnbnepÅ D²c ip{InkvXp aZyamWv Dm¡nbsX¶p Xs¶ a\Ênem¡nbmÂ
WnIfpsS Nne examples Rm³ ]dbs«. H¶v: km¯m³ IÀ What is the problem? (A-\p-_Ôw 13 ImWp-I.)
¯mhmb tbip{InkvXphns³d IqsS Hcp aebpsS a¡p t]mbn ss__nfns³d FXnIvkns\¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¨p. Ignª
Cu temIw apgph³ ImWn¨psh¶v an. Fw.Fw. AIv_À ]d Znhkw s]cp¼mhqcnÂ ankväÀ IrjvW³Ip«n kwkmcn¨ kab
ªp. Rm³ ChnsS Hcp Imcyw HmÀan¸n¡s«. R§Ä Fs´ ¯v Xm³ JpÀB\nÂ\n¶v Hcp `mKw hmbn¨ptIÄ¸n¨p. AXv
Ãmw emotionally kwkmcns¨¶ncn¡pw. CXv Hcp personal ri- hmbn¨pIgnªmÂ AXnÂ\n¶v hfsc hfsc hyIvXamWv ]pcp-
valry AÃ. AXpsImmWv R§Ä Nmb IpSn¨ kab¯v t]m j-s³d ImaXr]vXn¡pthn FÃm coXnbnepw suitable Bbn«p
bn kwkmcn¨Xpw shake hand sNbvXXpw. CXv ¢nbdmbn«v ]d Å kv{XoIsf AÃmlp Xs³d ÌvX·mÀ¡v Hcp¡ns¡mSp¡p
ªn«pthWw Rm³ _m¡n Imcy§Ä ]dtbXv. bmsXmcp ¶p F¶Xv. A§s\bpÅ kvtäävsa³dvkns³d ap¼nÂ ss_
_nfns³d FXnIvkns\bpw ]yqcnänsbbpw tNmZyw sN¿pI F¶v bmepw Hcp Imcy¯nÂ F\n¡v \µnbpv. ankväÀ kÂam³
]dbp¶Xv that is a double standard. It takes lot of guts to tell dpjvZn apkvenw AsÃ¶pÅXv k½Xn¨XnÂ. At¸mÄ kÂam³
that you are a criminal. I am not a criminal. I am doing a greater dpjvZnsb apkvenambn«v accept sN¿m³ \n§Ä¡v hnjaamsW
crime what you are doing Cw¥ojnÂ ]dªXnÂ £an¡Ww. ¦nÂ ankväÀ tIm«¡Â, sdbvav {_u¬, ankväÀ t¢bnä³
Rm³ HmÀan¸n¨Xpt]mse aebmfw Fs³d amXr`mjbÃ. ]n F¶nhsc {InkvXym\nIfmbn accept sN¿m³ R§Ä¡pw hnj
s¶ ktlmZc§tfmSv kwkmcn¡Ww F¶pÅ XmÂ]cy aapv. AXpsImvv if you are honest, you will not quote from
t¯msS struggle sNbvXv kwkmcn¨psImncn¡p-I-bm-Wv.- that books. Quote from the books of scholars.
AXpt]mseXs¶ ^dthms³d Imcyw ]dªp. Rm³ ap¼v tImUIvkv kns\änIvkns\¡pdn¨pw Jpwdm³ kvt{ImÄkn
HmÀan¸n¨Xpt]mse A¼Xpw Fgp]Xpw \qdpw hÀjwap¼v Fgp s\¡pdn¨pw Hs¡ Nne Imcy§Ä ]dªp. tImUIvkv kns\än
Xnb _pIvkv FSp¯v see bible is wrong F¶v ]dbp¶Xn\v Ivkpw Jpwdm³ kvt{ImÄkpsams¡ R§Ä In«nsÃ¶mbncn
that is a very good example. that is not scholarship. It is pseudo ¡pw Nnń¡p¶Xv. AXns³d tIm¸okv, t^mt«m tIm¸okv,
scholarship. ^dthms\¡pdn¨v ]dª Imcy§Ä completely ^mIvkv, CþsabnÂ AXpt]mseXs¶ complete text AsXÃmw
sXämsW¶pÅXpw ankväÀ AIv_À ]dªXv completely R§fpsS sse{_dnbnepv. Cu ]dªXp t]msebpÅ {]iv
sXämsW¶pÅXpw 1930Ifnepw 40Ifnepw tUm. tdm_À«v UnIv \-§sfm-¶-pw AXnenÃ. ss__nfns³d 1600\p ap¼pÅ tIm¸o
hnÂk¬ Xs³d _p¡nÂ hfsc detail Bbn«v s{]k³dv sNbv kv availbale AÃ F¶v ]dsª¶mWv Rm³ ChnsSbncp¶v
Xn«pv. completely. F¶mÂ CXn\pap¼pÅ _pIvknÂ\n¶pw grasp sNbvXXv. if I am wrong please correct me. ss__nfns³d
D²cWn FSp¯v establish sN¿m³ km[n¨pIgnªmÂ natu- F.Un. 50 Â FgpXs¸« Is¿gp¯v {]XnIfpsS fragments sXm«v
rally that is not scholarship. ]pXnb \nba¯ns³dXpwþ ImcWw ]pXnb \nbaw B ImeL«
ChnsS aq¶v ]WvUnX·mcpsS t]cmWv ss__nfnÂ\n¶v ¯nemWv FgpXs¸«Xvþ_n.kn. 400þ500Â FgpXs¸« ]gb \nb
]dªXv. tIm«¡Â,- sdb-v-av C. {_u¬,- t¢bnä³. F¶n«v a¯ns³d tIm¸okpw C¶v e`yamWv. t^mt«m tIm¸okpw t^m
Hcp Imcyw IqSn ]dªp. thank you for that. dpjvZnsb apkvenam t«m{Km^vkpw Bhiys¸Sp¶hsc ImWn¡m³ thn R§Ä
bn«v \n§Ä accept sN¿p¶nÃmsb¶v. AXpt]mseXs¶ tIm« sdUnbmWv. AXpt]mseXs¶ ]dª aäv Nne Imcy§fpv.
¡ens\tbm, sdbva- - v C {_uWns\tbm, t¢bnäs\tbm {Inkv Cu ]pkvXI¯nÂ\n¶pÅ Hcp D²cWn Rm³ ]dbm³
Xy\mbn«v R§fpw accept sN¿p¶nÃ. R§Ä accept sN¿p¶ B{Kln¡p¶p. Rm³ hmbn¨t¸mÄ AXv hfsc CjvSs¸«p.
kvtImtfgvkns³d t]cv ]dbmw. ChscÃmhcpw AhchcpsS So very good classic case of deseption. ^tdmh dmwknkvv C¶
ôÂUnÂ ]WvUnX·mcmWv. tUm. sl³{Sn tamdnkv, tUm. hyIvXnbpsS ImewIgnªmWv h¶Xv. AXpsImv A¶v dmw
Uy-ph¦n-j-v, tUm. NmÄkv sIm¬then C§s\bpÅ Hcp \qdv knkv Fs¶mcp hyIvXnbnÃmbncp¶psh¶v B ]pkvXI¯n
t]cp thWsa¦nÂ \n§tfmSv ]dbmw. s³d objections Â ]dªn«pv. AtX temPnIv D]tbmKn¨mÂ
{Intbj³ dntkÀ¨v skmsskän F¶v ]dbp¶ Hcp skm F\n¡pw ]dbm\psÅmcp Imcyapv. AIv_À F¶v ]dª
sskänbpv. aqhmbncw kb³dnkvävkv BWv AXns³d sat¼ Hcp hyIvXn B{KbnÂ `cn¨p AsÃ¦nÂ UÂlnbnÂ `cn¨p
gvkv. AXnÂ GsX¦nepw Hcp kb³dnkväv FgpXnbXnÂ \n¶v AXv 400 hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v AsÃ¦nÂ 300 hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼m
please show it to us. Science and prespective F¶v ]dbp¶ Hcp bncp¶p F¶v HcmÄ ]dbpt¼mÄ F\n¡v thWsa¦nÂ ]dbmw
skmsskänbpv. aqhmbnc¯nÂ IqSpXÂ sat¼gvkpv. GXm AIv_À F¶ Hcp hyIvXn 21þmw \qämnÂ Dmbncp¶p.
AXpsImv 400 hÀj§Ä¡v AsÃ¦nÂ 300 hÀj§Ä¡v {^vknt\mSv F\ns¡mcp request Dv. A¼Xpw 75Dw 100Dw
ap¼mbncp¶p F¶v ]dbp¶Xv AkXyamWv F¶v. cmwknkv 150Dw hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼v FgpXs¸« _pIvknÂ\n¶pÅ D²c
F¶v ]dbp¶Xv Hcp hyIvXnbÃmbncp¶p. B ]pkvXI¯nÂ WnIfpw, ss__nfns³d ssZhnIX XÅn¸dªh-cp-sS-bpw- D²
Hcp Iym¨v Dv. dmwknkvII F¶v ]dªn«pv. AXnÂ\n¶v cWnIfpw- hnizkn¨v \n§Ä sXän²cn¡s¸ScpXv. \n§Ä X
a\ÊnemIp¶Xv dmwknkvI Fs¶mcp hyIvXn Dmbncp¶psh s¶ AsXm¶v dntkÀ¨v sNt¿Xv BhiyamWv. Hcp {]mh
¶mWv. ss__nfnÂ HcnS¯v dmwknkvI s\¡pdn¨v ]dªp. iyw IqsS Rm³ t¢mknwKnÂ HmÀan¸n¡s«. ankväÀ AIv_À
asämcnS¯v dmwknkv II s\¡pdn¨v ]dªp. II s\¡pdn¨v ChnsS k½Xn¨ aq¶v Imcy¯nÂ cv Imcy§Ä¡v Hcn¡ÂIqSn
]dbp¶Xp sImv I AhnsS CÃmbncp¶psh¶v AÀYanÃ. This Rm³ \µn ]dbm³ B{Kln¡p¶p. ChnsS ankväÀ AIv_À
is not scholarship; this is pseudo of scholarship my dear friends, sdkvt]mv sNbvXXv temPn¡ns³d basis Â AÃ. CkvemanI
let me, speak a few words in English mainly because once again ho£W¯nemWv. F¶p ]dªmÂ,- Xs³d ]¨¡®mSnsh¨m
as I said Malayalam is not my mother tounge and there fore I Wv ho£n¨sX¶v. Thank you for that confession. This is a
feel more comfortable in English and also in Hindi. In sum- exactly what we wanted from you. We wanted you to know
mary what I want to say is this. I very much appreciate that all right from beginning all your debates are based in that kind of a
of you came to hear me. The book was given to me is ss_ deception. When we talk logically you did not use logic. When
_nfns³d ssZhnIX: I struggled and read it and I find that this we talk philosophy you did not talk about philosophy. That is
book is a very good case of escapism pseudo scholarship, mis- not a truth. That is, a person who wants to win in anyway by
quotation just as he misquoted from my book. He has misquoted using any tactic that is dispossible. This is not honest debate.
from Bible has misquoted from everywhere. This is mercinary tactics. There is a second thing which ac-
IrjvW³Ip«nsb¡pdn¨v ]dªncp¶p; hfsc tamiamb `mj cepted an thankfull to him for that. What he accepted was that
bnemWv FgpXnbncn¡p¶sX¶v. IrjvW³Ip«nsb¡pdn¨v B he is not willing to debate on the basis of logic, physical sci-
coXnbnÂ Ct¶hsc Bcpw ]dªn«nÃ. tamiambn«pÅ `mjbp ences and physical evidences. Thank you as for as our religious
s¦nÂ H¶v ImWn¨pX¶mÂ hfsc kt´mjambncn¡pw. ]n books are concerned we are willing to discuss it morally, philoso
s¶ by chance tamiamb `mjbnÂ Xm³ FgpXnbn«ps¦nÂ phycially, physically, logically everyway that you want. We were
AXv BÀ¡mWv adp]Sn FgpXnbXv, B hyIvXn B tamiamb asked to defend our book physically we have done that and any
`mj dnkohv sN¿m³ ]mI-ambXp sImmbncn¡pw AXv Fgp one who is honest on us would be able to see the light by this
XnbXv F¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p. IrjvW³Ip«nsb F\n¡v much of presentation. Thank you my brothers may God open
personaly Adnbmw. ]pÅn aäpÅhsc hfscb[nIw respect your eyes to the truth.
sN¿p¶ Hcp hyIvXnbmWv. And therefore Rm³ Hcp Dulw ]d
sªt¶bpÅq. AXv icnbmIWsa¶nÃ. A§s\ tamiamb
`mj use sNbvXn«ps¦nÂ H¶v ImÂ sImÅmw.
Bible and science þambn«v _\v[s¸« Bbnc¡W¡n\v
_pIvkv C¶v e`yamWv. Hcp A¿mbncw _pIvkv R§fpsS sse
{_dnbnÂ h¶pIgnªmÂ R§Ä ImWn¨pXcmw. Fs³d
]dªXv ^tdmh F¶ \mas¯¡pdn¨mWv. ^tdmh,- "s]À'-

"B'- F¶o cv CuPn]vjy³ ]Z§fpsS kay¡mb kt½f\
¯nÂ \n¶pmb "alm`h\w' F¶ AÀYapÅ ^tdmh, AXv
CuPn]vjy³ cmPm¡·mÀ¡v {]tbmKn¡phm³ Bcw`n¨Xv
]pXnb cmPXzImeL«¯nemWvþ \yq InwKvU¯ns³d Ime
¯nemWv F¶Xns³d sXfnhmbn«v F³sskt¢m]oUnb Rm³
D²cn¨p. AtXt]mseXs¶ a-äp- {K\vY§Ä Rm³ D²cn¨p.
F¶mÂ A{_lmans³d Imes¯ CuPn]vXnse cmPmhns\
ss__nÄ ^tdmh F¶v hnfn¡p¶p. ss__nÄ ^tdmh F¶v
hnfn¡m³ ImcWw tamsi¡v tijw AXv FgpXs¸«XmWv.
Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_À-
Ah FgpXnb Imes¯ BfpIfpsS hnNmcw CuPn]vXnse
cmPmhn\pÅ CuPn]vjy³- ]ZamWv ^tdmh F¶mbn-cp-¶p-.
kXy¯nÂ ^tdmh F¶v cmPmhns\ hnfn¡m³ Bcw`n¨Xv
AÊemap Asse¡pw hdlva¯pÃ tamibpsS sXm«pap¼mWv. Rm³ hopw BhÀ¯n¡s«. DÂ]
¯n ]pkvXIw 40þ41 A[ymb§fnÂ- F®nt\m¡pIþ 90 XhW
ktlmZc·mtc, ChnsS Fs³d kwkmcs¯, At±l¯n hnfn¡p¶p ^-td-mh
- - F-¶v.- 90 XhW Ncn{X]c-amb A_²§Ä
s³d kwkmcs¯ Rm³ JWvUn¨nÃ F¶v ]dªpsImmWv BhÀ¯n¡p¶pv F¶ÀYw. AXnÂ AtXt]mseXs¶ DÂ
_lpam\y\mb kplr¯v tPm¬k¬ {][m\ambpw JWvUn ]¯n]pkvXIw 12þmw A[ymbw 10 apXÂ 15 hscbpÅ hN\§
¨Xv. At±lw ChnsS ]dª A©v t]mbn³dpIfnÂ H¶v, fnÂ Bdv XhW A{_lmans³d Imes¯ cmPmhns\ ^ - tdmh
ss__nÄ kb³dn^n¡embn«v AIyptdäv BWv F¶mWv. F¶v hnfn¡p¶pv. A_²w hopw Bdv XhW BhÀ¯n
AXn\v At±lw At±l¯nt³dXmb sXfnhpIÄ D²cn¨n«nÃ. ¡p¶psh¶ÀYw. Cu Hcp hnjb¯nÂ am{Xw 96 XhW Ncn{X
GsXms¡tbm KthjW {]_\v[w Dv F¶mWv ]dªXvv. ]cambn A_²w ss__nÄ ]dbp¶p F¶mWv Rm³ ]dª
KthjW {]_\v[w In«pt¼mÄ \ap¡v BtemNn¡mw. Xv. CXv FkvIthj³kns³d ASnkvYm\¯nepÅ km£yam
Rm³ ]dª 20 imkv{Xm_²§Ä; B A_²§fnÂ Wv. AXn\v cmwkknte¡v t]mtI BhiyanÃ. Ft¶m acn
H¶pt]mepw IrXyambn, hkvXp\njvTambn JWvUn¡phm³ ¨pt]mb AIv_À N{IhÀ¯ntbbpw Fs¶bpw Iq«ns¡-t«
At±lw {ian¨n«nÃ. cmat¯Xv ]pcmhkvXp imkv{XamWv. bmsXmcp BhiyhpanÃ. ChnsS ]dªXv ^tdmh F¶ ]Z{]
]pcmhkvXp imkv{X¯ns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ- ^tdmhsb¡p tbmKs¯¸änbmWv. \n§Ä FSp¯v ]cntim[n¡pI; F³
dn¨v hfsc kaÀY-ambn, km[mcW ss{IkvXh anj\dnamÀ sskt¢m]oUnb {_n«mWn¡ ]dªXv.- Hcp]mSv {K\vYtiJcw
sN¿p¶Xnt\¡mÄ AÂ]wIqSn apt¶m«p IS¶v At±lw Unkv Dv F¶tÃ ]dªXv. F³sskt¢m]oUnb {- _n«mWn¡bnÂ-
täm«v sN¿m³ {ian¨p. ]dbmXncn¡m³ \nÀhmlanÃ. Rm³ -^tdmh F¶pÅ amt{Im]oUnb FSp¯v ]cntim[n¨v t\m¡n
Fs³d {]kwK¯nÂ FhnsSbpw cmwkkv H¶mas\t¶m cmw bmÂ aXn;- a\ÊnemIpw.
kkv cmas\t¶m ]dªnt«bnÃ. Fs³d kwkmcw IrXy ChnsS aq¶maXmbn ]dªXv am\pkv{In]vävkns³d BIypd
ambpw sdt¡mÀUv sNbvXn«pv. \n§Ä¡v AXv e`n¡pw. Rm³ knbmWv. B am\pkv{In]vävknÂ Gähpw ]pcmX\ambn«pÅ
Jpwdm³ kvt{ImÄkv. ]gb \nba¯ns³d hnjb¯nÂ Jpwdm³ bm³ ]äp¶Xv ss__nÄ ]gb \nba¯nenÃ. C\n Ds¦nÂ
kvt{ImÄknÂ ]dbp¶ ]pkvXI§sfÃmw ssZhnIamWv F¶v; \s½ kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw kzoIcn¡m³ Hcp {]bmkhpanÃ.
ssZh \nizkvXamWv F¶v AwKoIcn¡m³ XbmdmIptam? ImcWw ]gb \nba¯nse {]hmNI·mcpsS {]hN\§Ä
CsÃ¦nÂ ]ns¶´mWv am\ZWvUw? knss\än¡knÂ ]dª AXnepv. At¸mÄ B {]hN\§Ä icnbmWv. F¶mÂ sXän
]pkvXI§fnÂ\n¶v Fń\mWv cv ]pkvXI§sf ]pd¯v b {]hN\§tfm? At¸mÄ {]hmNI³-a-mcptSXv AÃm¯Xv
\nÀ¯nbXv? cv ]pkvXI§sf ]pd¯v \nÀ¯n F¶pam{XaÃ,- Dv F¶tÃ AXn\ÀYw? A©v t]mbn³dvkv þ A©pw Rm³
AXv shdpw ]pd¯v \nÀ¯eÃ;- s¢a³dv Hm^v AeIvkm³{Un Fs³d kwkmc¯nÂ D²cn¨n«pv.
b, HdnK¬ A§s\ Hcp]mSv ss{IkvXh k`mt\Xm¡·mÀ, ap¼pÅ Unt_änÂ Rm³ hnjbw AhXcn¸n¨t¸mÄ,- B
k`m]nXm¡·mÀ AhÀ Cu ]pkvXI§fnÂ\n¶v D²cn¡pI hnjb¯nsem¶pw \nÂ¡msX hfsc kaÀYambn asämcp hnj
bpw sNbvXn«pv. slÀamknse CSbs³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ \n¶pw b¯nte¡v t]mIm\pÅ _lpam\y\mb tPm¬k¬ kmdn
AtXt]mse Xs¶ _ÀW_mkns³d teJ\¯nÂ\n¶psa s³d hfsc \njvIrjvSamb ]cn{ias¯ IrXyambn ]nSn¨p\nÀ
Ãmw AhÀ D²cn¨n«pv. CXv Rm³ shdpsX ]dbp¶XÃ. B ¯m³ {ian¨n-cp-¶p.- AtXt]mse Xs¶bmWv ChnsSbpw kw`
hiyw sXfnhv thWsa¦nÂ Fs³d I¿nepv. AXv e-`n-¡m³- hn¨Xv. Rm³ Fs³d kwkmc¯nÂ IrXyambn Ggv t]mbn³dv
\n§Ä FgptX BhiyanÃ. AXnt¸mÄ Xs¶ Xcmhp¶ kv ChnsS ]dªp. B- Ggv Imcy§Ä BhÀ¯n¡pIbmWv.
XmWv. H¶v, AhXcn¸n¡s¸« cq]¯nÂ ss__nÄ ]gb \nba¯n
s{]m^kokns³d ImcyamWv asäm¶v. Rm³ ]dªp. s{]m setbm ]pXnb \nba¯nsetbm H-cp- ]pkvXIw- t]m-epw \n-e
^kokv kw`hn¨n«pv. kXyamWv. ss__nfnse Hcp]mSv s{]m hn-en-Ã.- ChnsS tamsi {]hmNIs³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ IS¯n¡q
^kokpIÄ kw`hn¨n«pv. kwibsam¶panÃ. ImcWw, ss_ «nbXmsW¶v ]dªp. AXv tbmiph FgpXnbXmsW¶mWv
_nfnÂ ssZhnI hN\§fpv. F¶mÂ kw`hn¡m¯ s{]m^ skan\mcnbnÂ ]Tn¡p¶Xv. F´mWv kXy¯nÂ ]dbm\pÅ
knbpv. Rm³ ChnsS ]dªp. tbiphns³dtaÂ Btcm]n¡ Xv F¶v IrXyambn ]dbpI. At±lw Xs¶ cv Imcy§Ä
s¸« cs®w C\nbpw ]dbm\pv. Rm³ B cs®¯nÂ ]dªp. H¶v, AXv tami¡p Xs¶ ssZhw ap³Iq«n Adnbn¨
am{Xw Dd¨p\nÂ¡pIbmWv. tbiphns³d t]cnÂ Btcm]n¡ XmsW¦ntem F¶v. kXy¯nÂ AXv hmbn¡p¶ km[mcW
s¸« {]hN\§Ä; B {]hN\§Ä sXän F¶Xv Ncn{X]cam cmw ¢mknse Ip«nIÄ¡p t]mepwþ AXn\v tUmIvStdsäm
bn C¶v \ne \nÂ¡p¶ ]¨bmb kXyamWv. ss__nfnse,- ¶pw BhiyanÃþ cmw ¢mknse Ip«nIÄ¡p t]mepw IrXyam
tbiphns\¡pdn¨ps¶v ]dbp¶ ]gb \nba {]hN\§Ä bn«v a\ÊnemIpw CXv F´msW¶v. F´mWv ]dªXv?- "A§
Bbnct¯mfw \nhr¯n h¶p F¶v ]dbp¶ptÃm. Rm³ s\ tamhm_v tZi¯psh¨v IÀ¯mhns³d Zmk\mb tamsi
AXv hnaÀin¡p¶nÃ. hnjbw asämcp Xe¯nte¡v t]mIpsa acn¨p. F¦nepw Ahs³d acWIpgnbpsS kvYew CXphsc
¶pÅXpsImv. F\n¡v ]dbm³ Ignbpw ]gb \nba¯nÂ BÀ¡pw AdnbnÃ'. GXphsc? CXv FgpXp¶Xphsc. AsXm
1
Hcp {]hN\w t]mepw tbiphns\¡pdn¨v CÃmsb¶v. ChÀ

]dbp¶ Hmtcm hmZ§fpw IrXyambn hnaÀin¡phm³ km[n 1. ""A-§-s\- b-tl-m-h-bp-sS- Zm-k-\m-b- tam-si- b-tlm-h-bp-sS- h-N-\-{]-Im-cw- A-hn-sS-
tam-hm-_v- tZ-i-¯p-h-¨-p- a-cn-¨p.- A-h³- tam-hm-_v- tZ-i-¯v- t_-¯-v þs]-tbm-cn-s\-Xn
¡pw. ]t£,- hnjbw asämcp Xe¯nte¡v t]mIpsa¶pÅXp tc-bp-Å- Xm-gv-h-c-bnÂ- A-S-¡w- sN-bv-Xp-;- F-¦n-epw- C-¶p-h-sc-bpw- A-h-sâ- i-h-¡pgn-
sImv Rm³ hmZambn AXv D²cn¡p¶nÃ. Hscmä {]hN\sa bp-sS- Ø-ew- Bcpw- A-dn-bp-¶n-Ã.- tam-si- a-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- A-h-\v- 120 h-b-Êm-bn-cp
¦nepw {InkvXphnÂ IrXyambn ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«p F¶v ]d

¶p;- ................................-- b-tlm-h- A-`n-ap-J-am-bn- A-dn-ª- tam-si-sb-t-¸m-se- H-cp- {]hmN-
I³- bn-{k-tb-enÂ- ]n-¶o-Sv- D-m-bn-«n-Ã.''- (B-hÀ-¯-\-]p-kv-X-Iw- 34:-5þ10)-
¶pw tami¡v Adnbn¨psImSp¯XÃ. CXphsc BÀ¡pw Adn am{XamWv \mw hnjb§Ä ]dbp¶Xv. GsX¦nepw coXnbnep
bnÃ. Ahkm\s¯ skâ³kv IqSn {i²n¡pI. "C{kmCuenÂ Å Xnkokns³dtbm tUmIvStdäns³dtbm t]cnÂ P\§fpsS
]n¶oSv CXp hsc tamisbt]mse Hcp {]hmNI³ Dmbn«nÃ'. ap¼nÂ Al¦mcw \Sn¡m\pw Rm\nÃ. ChnsS Rm³ FgpXnb
C-Xv- tbmiph FgpXnbXmtWm? F¦nÂ _m¡nbpÅ hN\§ ]pkvXIs¯-¸-än- ]dbm³ ImcWw Xn-c-p-h-«mÀ- Ir-jv-W³-Ip-«-n-
Ä tami FgpXnbXmsW¶pÅXn\v F´mWv sXfnhv?- tbmiph bp-sS- ]pkvXI¯nÂ FÃm tNmZy§Ä¡pw adp]Sn Dv F¶v
¡v Cu hN\§Ä IS¯n¡q«msa¦nÂ Pdanb {]hmNIs³d ]dªpsImv DbÀ¯n¡mWn¨XmWv. B ]pkvXIw \mw
F«mw A[ymb¯nÂ F«mw hN\¯nÂ blqZ ]ptcmlnX·m BZyambn ImWpIbÃ. B ]pkvXI¯nÂ adp]SnbnÃ. \n§Ä
tcmSv Pdanb {]hmNI³ ]dªphtÃm. ""R§Ä PvRm\nIÄ. hmbn¡pI; ]Tn¡pI F¶v ]dbm³ thnbmWv. CXv apkvenw
R§fpsS I¿nÂ \ymb{]amWapv F¶v ]dbm³ \n§Äs¡ ItfmSpIqSnbmWv ]dbp¶Xv. Cu BÄ¡mÀIqSn hmbn¡s«
´v AhImiw. \n§fpsS hymP Is¿gp¯v tImÂþ hymP Xqen F¶v hnNmcn¨v.
Iþ kXythZ]pkvXI¯nÂ ss__nÄ skmsskän Hm^v CXnÂ (Xn-cp-h-«mÀ IrjvW³Ip-«n-bpsS ]pkvXIw s]m¡n-
Cý ]pd¯nd¡nbn«pÅ \½psS kplr¯p¡sfÃmw ChnsS Im-Wn-¡p-¶p) D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶ Nne ]cmaÀi§Ä AkXy
D]tbmKn¡mdpÅ aebmf ss__nfnÂ ]dªn«pÅXv IÅI PUnehpw kXyk\v[aÃm¯Xpw am\yX¡v \nc¡m¯Xpam
s¿gp¯v tImÂ F¶mWvþ AXns\ hymPam¡nbncn¡p¶p.''- Wv. GsXms¡bmsW¶v Rm³ AÀsse³ sNbvXv sImp
F´mWv \n§fpsS IÅIs¿gp¯v tImÂ \ymb{]amWs¯ h¶n«nÃ. ImcWw Hcmsf hyIvXn]cambn tXtPmh[w sN¿eÃ
hymPam¡n F¶v ]dªXns³d AÀYw? Is¿gp¯vtImÂ F \½psS e£yw. F¶mÂ Ct¸mÄ Rm³ ]cntim[n¨t¸mÄ ap
§s\bmWv hymPam¡pI? AXnÂ FgpXnt¨À¯p. ]eXpw Fgp s¼t¶m hmbn¨Xmbn HmÀabpÅ Hcp Imcyw. ""{io AIv_À
Xnt¨À¯p. AXv Pdanb {]hmNI³ ]dªp. AXn\v kXyk Xs¶ R§fnÂ HcmtfmSv t^mWnÂ kwkmcn¡sh X«n¡fbp
\v[amb km£yambn tamibpsS acWs¯¡pdn¨pÅ `mK§Ä sa¶v òjWns¸Sp¯nbn«pv. hmfns³d hmbv¯esImv hf
ssZhw X¼pcm³ Xs¶ \ne\nÀ¯n. BÀ¡pw ]cntim[n¡m³ À¶ Ckvemw AXns³d kz`mhw {]ISn¸n¡pt¶bpÅq. Xebp
]äp¶ cq]¯nÂ. AXv tbmiph FgpXnbXmsW¶v skan\mcn ambn t]mInÃ. tNI¶qÀ auehn¡v kw`hn¨Xp Xs¶ kw`hn
bnÂ ]Tn¸n¡p¶psh¦nÂ _m¡nbpÅh tami FgpXnbXmsW ¡pw. Nnd¡enÂ \n¶pÅ t^m¬ tImÄ''-. t]mtc ]qcw! {io
¶v skan\mcnbnÂ ]Tn¸n¡m\pÅ sXfnsh´mWv?- tbip{In AIv_À Xs¶ F¶v ]dªXpsImv F\n¡v NneXv ]dtb
kvXp D²cn¨psh¶pÅXmWv sXfnhv!- F¦nÂ tbip {InkvXp Xpv. Xncph«m³ IrjvW³Ip«n kmÀ sNt¿Xv,- t]meokv
D²cn¨p F¶ sXfnhv tbip{InkvXp CXns\¡pdn¨v ]dªp kvtäj³ F¶v ]dbp¶ Hcp kw-hn[m-\w Dv ChnsS. AhnsS
F¶ sXfnhns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ CXpw tami FgpXnbXmI t]mbn tIkv cPnkväÀ sN¿Ww; A§s\ AIv_À ]dªn«p
WatÃm? CÃ,- FhnsSbpanÃ. ]gb \nba¯nse BhÀ¯\]p s¦nÂ.- kXy¯nÂ ]¨¡ÅamWnXv. \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯n\v
kvXIw hmbn¨pt\m¡pI. FhnsSbpanÃ CXv tbmiph FgpXn A§s\sbmcp ssienbnÃ. {InkvXpaXw A]IS¯nÂ!-!- AIv
bXmWv F¶v FhnsSbpw tami FgpXnbXmWv F¶nÃm¯Xp _dpw Iq«cpw \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯pw- CXm {InkvXpaXs¯ sImÃm
t]mse Xs¶. At¸mÄ kXyk\v[ambn ]dªmÂ hnjb ³ thn hcp¶p!-!- R§Ä {InkvXpaXs¯ c£n¡m\pÅ anin
§Ä IrXyambn ChnsS NÀ¨ sN¿s¸«n«pv. lamÀ; AXpsImv R§sf \n§Ä c£n¡pI F¶v km[m
hyIvXn]camb ]cmaÀi§Ä \mw \S¯mdnÃ. hyIvXn]cam ss{IkvXhtcmSv hnfn¨p ]dbp¶ IpSneX{´§fpsS I]SX{´
b ]cmaÀi§Ä¡v \ap¡v XmÂ]cyhpanÃ. Bib]cambn §Ä am{XamWnsX¶v Rm³ ]dbpw. ImcWw Cu Xncph«mÀ
IrjvW³Ip«n Xs¶ ]ekvYe¯pw \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯ns\ hmZ ambn Unkvtäm«v sNbvXp. Rm³ ChnsS Ggv t]mbn³dv ]dª
{]XnhmZ¯n\v shÃphnfn¨psh¶pw B hmZ{]XnhmZ¯n\v XnÂ Ggv t]mbn³dpw tIhe _p²nbpsS \njvIrjvSamb ]cn
AhÀ k¶²ambnÃmsb¶pw {]kwKn¨p\S¶n«pv. tI«hÀ tim[\bpsS ASnkvYm\¯nemWv. ss__nfns\ Rm³ t\m
Fs³d kZÊnÂXs¶bpv. \ntj[n¡m³ km[yaÃ. F¶mÂ ¡n¡mWp¶Xv JpÀBs³d ASnkvYm\¯nemsW¶mWv Rm³
\n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯v GXv kab¯pw k¶²amWv. R§fpsS hen ]d-ªXv. AÃmsX bpIvXnhmZn ]dbp¶Xpt]mse ss__nsf
¸w sImÃ; R§fpsS I¿nepÅ {K\vY¯ns³d ka{KXbn Ãmw sXämsW¶v HäbSn¡v ]dbpIbÃ. JpÀBs³d ASnkvYm
epÅ hnizmkwsImmWXv. AXÃmsX R§Ä¡mÀ¡pw hen \¯nÂ AXnÂ ssZhnIamb hN\§fpv. {]hmNI·mcpsS
¸aps¶v R§Ä¡`n{]mbanÃ. R§Ä¡mÀ¡pw tUmIvStd hN\§fpv. ]t£ am\pjnIamb ssIIS¯epIÄ \S¯n
äpanÃ,- XnkokpanÃ. R§Ä F«mw ¢mkpImcmWv. km[mcW bn«pv. AXn\pÅ bpIvXn]camb sXfnhpIfmWv Rm³ D²
¡mcmWv. ]t£, R§Ä¡v Cu {K\vY¯ns³d ka{KXbnÂ cn¨Xv. AXn\v Ggv sXfnhpIÄ D²cn¨t¸mÄ AXnÂ H¶n\p
hnizmkapv. B ka{KX DÅXpsImp Xs¶ Cu ]cnip² t]mepw hkvXp\njvTambn adp]Sn ]dªn«nÃ. a-dp-]-Sn- CÃmsb
JpÀB³ DÅnSt¯mfw Imew R§Ä Bcpambn«pw ]cnip² ¶v F\n¡v A`n{]mbanÃ. F-s´-¦n-epw-adp]SnIfpmImw. ]Tn
JpÀBs³d ssZhnIXsbtbm AXsÃ¦nÂ AXÃm¯ anYym{K ¡pI. Fs³d Ccphi¯pw Ccn¡p¶- ktlmZc·mtcmSv ]dbp
\vY§fpsS ssZhnIXsb hnaÀin¡p¶ hnjb¯ntem kwhmZ hm\pÅXv CXmWv.
¯n\v k¶²cmWv F¶v Adnbn¡pIbmWv. kplr¯p¡tf ]cnip² JpÀB³ hmbn¡phm³ Ahkcw
kplr¯p¡tf, Ahkm\s¯ Ahkcw F¶\ne¡v F\n e`n¨n«nÃm¯hÀ Xncph«mÀ IrjvW³Ip«nbpsS ]pkvXI¯nÂ
¡v kqNn¸n¡m\pÅXv hyIvXn]camb ]cmaÀi§Ä Hgnhm¡p \n¶Ã JpÀB³ ]Tnt¡Xv. JpÀB³ H¶v hmbn¡pI, ]Tn
I F¶mWv. \mw \nXyPoh³ B{Kln¡p¶hcmWv. FÃmhcpw ¡pI, a\Ê-nem¡pI. \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯pambn _\v[s¸SpI.
hnNmcn¡p¶Xv R§Ä \S¡p¶Xp t]mse \S¶mÂ kzÀKcm \n§Ä¡v AXn\pÅ kuIcy§Ä sN¿mw. ]Tn¨v a\Ênem¡n
Py¯v F¯psa¶mWv. A§s\ hnNmcn¨psImmWv amÀkn kzoIcn¡m³ km[n¡psa¶v tXm¶p¶psh¦nÂ kzoIcn¡pI.
tbm¬ At±l¯ns³d kn²m´§Ä Dm¡nbXv. aäv ]mj \nXyPoh³,- acWw, acW¯n\p tijapÅ kzÀKtemIw \ap
WvU·mÀ AhcptSXmb kn²m´§Ä Dm¡nbXv. F{Xsb ¡pthn Im¯ncn¡p¶p. acWw GXv kab¯v kw`hn¡psa
{X sld-«n¡pIÄ AhcpsS kn²m´§fpm¡n. ChnsS I ¶v \ap¡v BÀ¡pw ]dbphm³ km[yaÃ. AXp sImv Xs¶
t¯men¡À apgph³ {InkvXym\nIfÃmsb¶v ]dªp. kzm`mhn \njvIrjvSamb Iqe¦iamb ]cntim[\¡v hnt[bam¡pI,
Iambpw AhÀ \nXyPoh\v AhIminIfÃ. AhcnÂs]« Hcp ]Tn¡pI. A§s\ kXyw Is¯pI, kXyw kzoIcn¡pI
]mSv I\yIIÄ,- Hcp]mSv km[mcW¡mÀ CXv icnbmsW¶v F¶v A`yÀYn¨psImv AXn\v ]S¨X¼pcm³ \ap¡v FÃm
hnNmcn¨psImv Pohn¨psImncn¡p¶p;- Cu PohnXs¯ X hÀ¡pw A\p{Kl§Ä \ÂIs« F¶v BXvamÀY-ambn {]mÀYn
s¶ ChnsS _enbÀ¸n¨psImv. AXpsImv AhscÃmhcpw ¨p sImv Fs³d hm¡pIÄ D]kwlcn¡p¶p. AÊemap
icnbmsW¶v hnNmcn¡p¶Xp sImv CXv icnbmbncn¡Wsa Asse¡pw.-
¶nÃ.
\½psS hnizmks¯ ]cntim[n¡pI. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw
IqSn ]dbm\pv F\n¡v. ]cnip² JpÀBs³d ASnkvYm\¯n
emWv Rm³ ]cntim[n¡pI F¶v ]dªXns\ hfsc kaÀY
tNm-tZym-¯-c-§Ä
tNmZyw-þ-]-c-am-h[n cp an\p«v
D¯-cwþ]c-am-h[n A©p an\p«v.
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 110 tNm-tZym-¯-c-§Ä 111
Iq«nt¨À¡pItbm sNbvXmÂ Ah³ i]n¡s¸«h\mWv,- AXp

sImv B i]n¡s¸« Iq«cpsS ]pkvXIw R§Ä AwKoIcn
¡p¶nÃ;- R§Ä ss__nÄ am{XamWv AwKoIcn¡p¶sX¶v.
F¶mÂ ss__nÄ ssZhnI hN\amWv F¶v Xm¦Ä ]dªp
htÃm. GXv ss__nfmWv \n§Ä ssZhnI {K\vYambn ImWp
¶Xv? CXv ]dbm³ ImcWw, Hcp ]mSv Xcw ss__nfpIÄ \n
ehnepv. Nne ss__nfnse ]cmaÀi§Ä aäv ss__nfpIfn
Â ImWp¶nÃ, F¶v am{XaÃ, hN\§Ä Xs¶ AXnÂ\n¶pw
amänbn«pv. ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯pt¼mgpÅ AÀYhyXymkaÃ Dt±
A-[-y£³:- \qÀapl½Zv \qÀj
in¡p¶Xv. t\scadn¨v hN\§ÄXs¶ amänbXmWv. InwKvsP
bnwkv thÀ-j\-nse a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw ]Xnt\gmw A
AÊemap Asse¡pw [ymb¯nse 21 þmw hN\¯nse `mKw; KpUv\yqkv ss__nfnÂ
B hN\w Xs¶ CÃ. sI.sP.hnbnse a¯mbn 23þ14se hN\w
kvt\lapÅhsc, "ss__nfns³d ssZhnIX' F¶ hnjb KpUv\yqkv ss__nfnÂ CÃ. sI.sP.hn. amÀt¡mknse Ggmw
s¯ Bkv]Zam¡n Ignª GItZiw aq¶paWn¡qtdmfambn A[ymbw 23þmw hN\w KpUv\yqkv ss__nfnÂ ImWp¶nÃ.
kwkmcn¨p sImncn¡p¶ Cu ]cn]mSnbpsS cmas¯ InwKvsPbnwkv thÀ-j-³- eqt¡mkv 13þ36Â ImWp¶ hN\w
skj\mb tNmtZym¯c skj\nte¡mWv \½Ä IS¡p¶Xv. KpUv\yqkv ss__nfnÂ ImWp¶nÃ. kXy¯nÂ CXv cpw
tNmZy§Ä tNmZn¡m³ B{Kln¡p¶ hyIvXnIÄ \nÀtZ- \n§Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶ {K\vYamWv. H¶v KpUv\yqkv ss__n
i§Ä ]ment¡XmWv. Hmtcm `mK¯p\n¶pw Hmtcmcp¯À fmWv. asäm¶v InwKvsPbnwkv thÀ-j-\-mWv.
¡mbn tNmZyw tNmZn¡mw. HcmÄ Hcp `mK¯p\n¶v Hcp ]WvUn
Xt\mSv tNmZn¨mÂ ASp¯bmÄ tNmZyw ASp¯ ]WvUnX s{]m«kvä³dv hn`mKw AwKoIcn¡p¶XmWv Cu cv ss_
t\mSv tNmZn¡pI. tNmZyw tNmZn¡m³ B{Kln¡p¶hÀ ChnsS _nfpIfpw. teJ\§fnte¡v Cd§ns¨¶mÂ Ahbnepw F{X
Hcp¡nbncn¡p¶ kuIcy§Ä D]tbmKn¡pI. X§fpsS t]cpw tbm hN\§Ä CÃm¯Xmbn \ap¡v ImWm³ km[n¡pw. k
kvYehpw ]dbpI. AXpt]mseXs¶ Gähpw Npcp¡n tNmZyw Xy¯nÂ CXnÂ GXv {K\vYamWv \n§Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv?
tNmZn¡m³ {ian¡pI. cpan\p«nÂ IqSpXÂ kabw FSp¡ GXp hN\amWv AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv?
cpXv. AXn\p¯cw ]dbp¶ hyIvXn, ]camh[n A©pan\p«ne adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Thank you for that ques-
[nIw FSp¡cpXv. Cu X¯z§Ä ]men¨psImv Cu ]cn]mSn tion. CXnÂ H¶pw R§Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. ImcWw CsX
tbmSv klIcn¡Wsa¶v At]£n¨psImÅp¶p. CXnte¡v Ãmw {Sm³kvtej³kv am{XamWv. apkvenwkv Ad_n`mjbnep
\n§tfhscbpw kzmKXw sN¿p¶p. ÅXns\ am{XamWv,- HdnPn\Â Xs¶bmWv AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv.
tNm-Zy-w:- - Fs³d t]cv _m_p ap\o_v. t\cs¯ ChnsS hnj AXpt]mse R§fpw HdnPn\Â- B-bn- AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv. {Sm³
bmhXcW¯n\v adp]Snbmbn ]dbp¶ kµÀ`¯nÂ ChnsS\n kvtej³ sN¿pt¼mÄ \mNzden a\pjy\v ankvtä¡vkv hcpw.
¶v Hcp ktlmZc³ ]dªncp¶p; hnip² thZ{K\vY¯nÂ \n AXpsImv Hcp {Sm³kvtejs\bpw R§Ä HdnPn\embn«v
¶pw GsX¦nepw Hcp hN\w Xncp¯pItbm XÅn¡fbpItbm AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. O.K?
tNmZyw: Fs³d t]c-v ss\\m³ sI. tPmbn. Rm³ sIm¼\m DÅnSt¯mfwImew, C³imAÃm.... AXn\pÅ adp]Sn ]dbmw.
SmWv Xmakn¡p¶Xv. JpÀB³ ]cnip²amsW¶pw ss__nÄ thZ{K\vY¯ns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ C³im AÃm Fs³d
Xncp¯s¸«psh¶pw ankväÀ AIv_À ChnsS ]dbpIbpmbn. Adnhns³d ]cnanXnh¨psImv adp]Sn ]dbmw.
JpÀB³ FgpXs¸«Xv Cu¯¸\bpsS aSÂ, AXpt]mseX JpÀB³ ]e tcJIfnepw tcJs¸Sp¯nsh¨ncp¶p. B
s¶ tXmÂIjvWw, I\w Ipdª IÃv, FÃv BZnbmb IwXp tcJI-Ä C¶nÃtÃm F¶XmWv tNmZyw. icnbmWv. A¶v tcJ
pIfnemWtÃm. JpÀB³ BZyw FgpXs¸«Xv Cu hI sNdn s¸Sp¯s¸« tcJIÄ C¶nÃ. ]t£, JpÀB³ kwc£n¡s¸
b IjvW§fnemWv. F¶mÂ ]n¶oSv Ahsbms¡þ aqeIrXn «Xv tXmÂNpcpfpIfneÃ. JpÀB³ F¶ ]Zw \n§Ä a\Ên
bmbn FgpXs¸«sXÃmw þ\jvSs¸«psh¶v a\Ênem¡m³ Ign em¡pI. JpÀB³ F¶mÂ "hmb\' F¶pw "hmbn¡s¸Sp¶Xv'
bp¶pv. Xncp¯s¸«Xmb {K\vYw I¿nepÅhÀ ss__nfn
s³d ssZhnIXsb Bt£]n¡p¶Xn\v ]n¶nse kmam\y _p F¶pamWv AÀYw. JpÀB³ hmb\bneqsS kwc£n¡s¸«
²n F´msW¶mWv AdntbXv. {K\vYamWv. ssZhwXs¶ GsäSp¯ncn¡bmWv AXns³d kwc
£Ww. JpÀB\nse 15þmw A[ymbw kqd¯pÂ lnPvdnse 9þm
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): kplr¯ns³d tNmZyw ""JpÀ as¯ hN\¯nÂ \ap¡v ImWmw: ""\mamIp¶p Cu {K\vYw
B³ Xncp¯s¸« {K\vYamWv. B \ne¡v ss__nfns³d ssZ AhXcn¸n¨Xv. \mw Xs¶ AXns\ Im¯p kq£n¡pIbpw
hnIXsb kwibn¡p¶XnÂ F´v AÀYamWpÅXv'' F¶mWv. sN¿pw''. {]hmNI³ (r)¡v AhXcn¸n¡s¸«X\pkcn¨v At±
kplrt¯, hnjbw ss__nfns³d ssZhnIXbmWv. JpÀB l¯ns³d A\pNc·mÀ¡v ]dªpsImSp¡pIbpw AhÀ AXv
\ns³d ssZhnIXbÃ. AXp sImv kqNn¸n¡pIbmWv;- hnjb ImWm¸mTw ]Tn¡pIbpw sNbvXpt]m¶p. ImWm]mTw ]Tn¨
¯nÂ\n¶v amä-ns¡mpt]mIm³ {ian¡cpXv. ss__nÄ ssZ \qdpIW¡n\v klm_namÀ Dmbn. 23 hÀj¡mewsImv
hnIaÃmsb¶v AwKoIcn¨pIgnªmÂ JpÀB\ns³d ssZhnI JpÀB³ ]qÀWambn AhXcn¸n¡s¸«t¸mÄ {]hmNI(r)s³d
Xsb¡pdn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿mw. CXv NÀ¨ sN¿m³ bmsXmcp {]bm Ahkm\s¯ {]kwK¯nÂ þlPvP¯pÂ hnZmAv F¶v ]dbp
khpanÃ. NÀ¨ sN¿m³ {]bmkapÅXpsImÃ. kplr¯v ¶ At±l¯ns³d Ahkm\s¯ {]kwK¯nÂþ At±lw ]d
hmbn¨Xpt]mepw IrXyambn JpÀB\nÂ \n¶pÅ D²cWntbm ªp: ""Cu ktµiw F¯nbhÀ F¯m¯hÀ¡v F¯n¨psIm
atäm AÃ. Xncph«mÀ IrjvW³Ip«n At±l¯ns³d ]pkvXI Sp¡s«'' F¶v. A§s\ temI¯ns³d hyXykvX§fmb `mK
¯nÂ D²cn¨Xv þ Iw Xpw At±lw Hcp ]mSv XhW ]d §fnte¡v At±l¯ns³d A\pbmbnIÄ Pohn¡p¶ JpÀB
ªn«pv þAtXt]mse D²cn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. kXy¯nÂ \pw a\Ênteńs¡mpt]mbn. AhcmWv Cu JpÀB³ {]Ncn
F´mWv Imcyw? hfsc kw£n]vXambn ]dbs«. CXv C§s\ ¸n¨Xv. C¶v temI¯v ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\v a\pjyÀ Pohn¡p
Hcp tNmZy¯nÂ\n¶v FkvtI¸v sN¿m³thn {ian¡pIbm ¶ JpÀB³ Bbn \ne-hn-epv. JpÀB³ ]qÀWambn ImWm
Wv F¶v hnNmcnt¡XnÃmsb¶v Icp-Xnbn«mWv ]dbp¶Xv.
Cu hnjb¯nÂ þJpÀB\pambn _\v[s¸« hnjb¯nÂþ sX Adnbp¶ ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\v BfpIfpv. ]S¨h³
tNmtZym¯cw thXnÃ. AXn\v JpÀBs³d ssZhnIX F¶ kwc£n¨ coXnbmWnXv. ""\mw BIp¶p Cu {K\vYw AhXcn¸n
hnjbw \ap¡v AhXcn¸n¡mw. At¸mÄ tNmZyw tNmZn¡mw. ¨Xv. \mw Xs¶ AXns\ Im¯pkq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pw'' F¶ 1
\n§Ä kwLSn¸n¨psImÅpI. FÃmhcpw hcnIbmsW¦nÂ hN\w icnbÃmsb¶v sXfnbn¡m³ thn GsX¦nepw Hcp
Rm\pw hcmw. \n§Ä¡v tNmZn¡mw. F{XthWsa¦nepw tNmZn 1. ""XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- \m-am-Wv- B- DÂ-t_m-[-\w- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xv.- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- \mw- A-Xn
¡mw. \ap¡v kabw \o«ns¡mpt]mImw. Cu IWvT\mfw s\- Im-¯p- kq-£n-¡p-¶-Xp-am-W-v''- (JpÀ-B³- 15:9)-
GIO{Xm[n]Xn¡v tXm¶pIbmsW¶v hnNmcn¡pI. JpÀB ¬k¬ kmÀ Ct¸mgpw Xs³d injy·msc ]Tn¸n¨psImncn
³ sXämsW¶v sXfnbn¡Ww. kwc£n¡s¸«n«nÃmsb¶v sX ¡p¶Xv. AXp sImv Cu ]dª hN\w CÃmXmbnt¸mbncn
fnbn¡Ww. AXns\´v sN¿pw? temIs¯ FÃm JpÀB³ {]Xn ¡bmWv. hN\§Ä AXnÂ CÃ.
Ifpw \in¸n¡mw. C¶v cm{Xn 12.30 aWn¡pap¼v FÃm JpÀB³ adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Thank you Thaha.
tIm¸nIfpw \in¸n¡m³ temIw H¶n¨v `cn¡p¶ GIO{Xm[n ss__nfnÂ\n¶pÅ hmIy§Ä Iq«nt¨À¯psh¶pw FSp¯p
]XnbnÂ\n¶v Hcp {]Jym]\w DmhpIbpw AbmfpsS In¦c amänsb¶psams¡bpÅ s¢bnwkv {Sm³kvtejs³d ss_kn
·mÀ h¶n«v FÃm tIm¸nIfpw I¯n¨pIfbpIbpw sNbvXpsh knemWv. AXnÂXs¶ an¡ {Sm³kvtej\pw Cw¥ojv emwtKz
¶v hnNmcn¡pI. temI¯nse FÃm JpÀB³ tIm¸nIfpw Hcp PmWv. Cw¥ojv emwtKzPnÂ IfIvSohmbn«v I½nänI-fm-bn- {Sm³
\nanj¯nÂ I¯n¨p. Rm³ ]dbs«, FhnsSsbms¡ temI kvtej³ \S¯nbn«pv. C³d-nhnPzÂkmbn«pw \S¯nbn«pv.
¯v apkvenwIfptm AhnsSsbÃmw \nanj§Ä¡Iw JpÀB A§s\ IfIvSohmbn«pw C³d-nhnPzÂkmbn«pw {Sm³kvtej
³ do s{]mUyqkv sN¿m³, JpÀB³ AtXt]mse hÅn]pÅn ³kv \S¯pt¼mÄ {Sm³kvtej\nÂ AhÀ AhcpsS CjvS{]
¡v hyXymkanÃm¯ coXnbnÂ do s{]mUyqkv sN¿m³ km[n Imcw Nne Imcy§Ä sNbvsX¶ncn¡pw. JpÀBs³d ]e {Sm³
¡pw CkvemanI kaql¯n\v. A§s\bmWv ]S¨h³ AXv kvtej³kpw Fs³d IfIvj³knepv. Cu {Sm³kvtej³
kwc£n¨n«pÅXv. C§s\ ImWmsX ]Tn¨ Nne BfpIÄ kns\¡pdn¨v Rm³ Fs³d {^vknt\mSv tNmZn¨t¸mÄ Ah
acWs¸«t¸mgmWv apkvenw kaqlw CsXmcp {K\vYambn cv cnÂ Xs¶ ]ecpw ]dªXv CXnÂ FÃm {Sm³kvtej³kpw
N«¡pÅnem¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v BtemNn¨XpXs¶. kXy¯n R§Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ F¶mWv. AtXkab¯v bqk^v
Â CXmWv JpÀBs³d kwc£W coXn. B kwc£W coXn AenbpsSbpw ]nIvämens³dbpw {Sm³kvtej³kv AIvk]vSv
XpSÀ¶psImncn¡p¶p, Xp-S-cpw-;- Ahkm\ \mfphsc. kwib sN¿p¶Xmbn«v an¡hscbpw Rm³ Ip. Exactly this is the
sam¶pw th; Ahkm\ \mfphsc. AXpsImv Xs¶ kplr situation ChnsS Xs¶bmWv. translations Â {Sm³kvteäv sNbvX
¯nt\mSv hopw ]dbm\pÅXv IrjvW³Ip«nbpsS ]pkvXI hÀ ]ecoXnbnepÅ mistake sNbvsX¶ncn¡mw. AXpsImm
¯nÂ \n¶v Ckvemans\ ]Tn¡cpXv, JpÀB\nÂ\n¶v ]Tn¡p Wv apkvenw kplr¯p¡Ä JpÀBs³d FÃm {Sm³kvtej³
I. CkvemanÂ\n¶v ]Tn¡pI F¶mWv. ]cnip² JpÀB\ns³d kns\bpw B[nImcnIambn«vv AwKoIcn¡m¯Xv. AXpt]mse
ktµi¯nÂ\n¶v ]Tn¡pI F¶mWv F\n¡v kqNn¸n¡m\p Xs¶ ss__nfns³d FÃm {Sm³kvtej³kns\bpw R§fpw
ÅXv. B[nImcnIambn«v AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. individuals ]e coXnbn
tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv Xzml. CXn\pap¼v tNmZn¨ ktlmZc³ epÅ Ipg¸§Ä ImWns¨¶ncn¡mw. R§Ä B[nImcnIam
cv ss__nfpIÄ FSp¯pIm«n Hcp]mSv hN\§Ä D²cn¨p bn«v AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv ]pXnb \nbaw {Ko¡nepÅXpw ]gb
sImv B hN\§Ä H¶nepv, asäm¶nenÃ F¶v ]dbpIbp \nbaw F{_mb `mjbnepw AXpt]mseXs¶ AdmanIv `mj
mbn. AXn\v adp]Snbmbn At±lw ]dªXv AXv {Sm³kvte bnepw DÅXns\bmWv. AXns\¡pdn¨v Fs´¦nepw ]dbm\p
j\mWv; AXv AwKoIcn¡nÃmsb¶mWv. shfn]mSv ]pkvXI s¦nÂ, AXnÂ Bsc¦nepw- Iq«nt¨À¡pItbm FSp¯pamäp
¯ns³d Ahkm\`mK¯v ImWmw ""CXnÂ\n¶v Fs´¦nepw Itbm sNbvXXmbn«v ImWn¡m\ps¦nÂ AXns\¡pdn¨v ]d
FSp¯v IfbpItbm AsÃ¦nÂ Iq«nt¨À¡pItbm sNbvXmÂ bmw. Rm³ Hcp {]mhiywIqSn HmÀan¸n¡s«. even JpÀBs³d
CXnÂ ]dªn«pÅ _m[IÄ Abmsf _m[n¡p''sa¶v. A§ ]e {Sm³kvtej³kpw C¶v e`yamWv. aebmf¯nepw Cw¥ojn
s\, _m[IÄ _m[n¡m³ km[yXbpÅ Hcp {K\vYamWv tPm epw aäv `mjIfnepw. AXnÂ FÃm {Sm³kvtej³kns\bpw
even apkvenw kplr¯p¡Ä B[nImcnIambn«v accept sN¿p bmWv amÀt¡mkv sNbvXn«pÅXv. CsXÃmw Fń\mWv? tbip
¶nÃ. AXpt]mseXs¶ R§fpw accept sN¿p¶nÃ. B[nIm {InkvXphnÂ Cu {]h-N\w \nhr¯nbmbn F¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ
cnIambn«v accept sN¿m¯Xns³d basis Â Unt_äv \S¯nbXp ¡m³ thn! Cu cs®w cv {]hmNI·mcpsS cv ]pkvX
sImv {]tbmP\sam¶panÃ. B[nImcnIambn«v R§Ä AwKo I¯nepÅXmWv. CXv F\n¡v hniZoIcn¡phm³ t\cs¯
Icn¡p¶Xv \yq sSkväsa³dv {Ko¡v emwtKzPnepw HmÄUv sSkvä kabanÃmbncp¶p. B Ahkcw X¶Xn\v kplr¯n\v {]tXy
sa³dv ln{_p B³dv AdmanIv `mjbnepapÅXmWv. Iw \µn ]dbpIbmWv. bi¿m {]hmNIs³d 40þmw A[ymb¯n
tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv km\n hnXb¯nÂ. amfbnÂ\n¶mWv s³d aq¶mas¯ hN\¯nÂ Cu {]hN\¯ns³d ASn`mK
h¶ncn¡p¶Xv. AIv_À Xs³d {]_\v[¯nÂ C§s\ ]d ¯pÅ `mK§fpv. Rm³ Cu ]dªXÃm¯ `mK§fpv.
ªp: ""]pkvXI§fnÂ FgpXnbncn¡p¶ ]e Izt«j\pIfpw BZy `mK¯nÂ AXv amemJnbpsS aq¶mw A[ymb¯nse
]pXnb \nba¯nÂ A{X hnizmkyX ]peÀ¯p¶nÃ. DZmlc H¶mw hN\¯nemWpÅXv. B hN\w cpw IqSn Iq«ntbm
Wambn aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijw H¶mw A[ymbw. AXn Pn¸n¨v am-Àt¡mkv tbip {InkvXphns\¡pdn¨v sbi¿mhv AXv
s³d cmas¯ hmIyw, AXpXs¶ kaImenI kphntij¯n {]hNn¨psh¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡m³ thn {ian¨p F¶XmWv
Â cs®¯nepwIqSn ]dbp¶pv. eqt¡mkns³d kphn \ap¡v ChnsS ImWm³ IgnªXv F¶pÅXmWv kXyw. {Sm³
tijw aq¶psXm«v \mepw a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw aq¶ns³d kvtej³knÂ am{XamWv sXäv ]änbsX¶v ]dbpIbpmbn.
aq¶pw ]dbp¶pv''. CXv bi¿m {]hmNI³ apJmńcw FgpXn {Ko¡v ss__nfnepw hN\§Ä t]mbn«pv. AXpw \½Ä a\
bncn¡p¶ hN\w \nhÀ¯nbmbnsb¶mWv ImWn¡p¶Xv. Ênem¡WatÃm. {Ko¡v ss__nfmWnXv. ({Ko¡v ss__nÄ
{ioam³ AIv_À bi¿m {]hmNI³ 40þmas¯ A[ymbw AXn DbÀ¯nI-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p) {Ko¡v ss__nfnse amÀt¡mkns³d
s³d aq¶psXm«pÅ hN\w khnkvXcw hmbn¨mÂ AXv Cu kphntijw 9þmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ 45þmas¯ hN\w Ign
]dbp¶ Izt«j³ CXpXs¶bmtWm F¶ kwibw Xocpw ªn«v ]ns¶ 47þmas¯ hN\amWv ImWp¶Xv. 46 FhnsSt¸mbn
F¶v Rm³ B{Kln¡p¶p. F¶v AdnbnÃ. Cu ss__nfnÂ ]eXhW amä¯ncp¯epIÄ
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): Rm³ ]dª amÀt¡mkns³d hcp¯nbn«papv. aÀt¡mkns³d kphntij¯nÂXs¶ 16þmw
kphntijw H¶mw A[ymb¯nse cmas¯ hN\w. B A[ymb¯nÂ 9 apXÂ 20hscbpÅ hN\§Ä ]nÂ¡me¯v
cmas¯ hN\¯ns³d Izt«j³ AtXt]mse bi¿mhn IS¯n¡q«s¸«XmWv. tbml¶ms³d kphntijw Ggmw
s³d 40þmas¯ A[ymb¯ns³d aq¶mas¯ hN\¯nepw Dv A[ymb¯nÂ 53 apXÂ F«mw A[ymb¯nse 11hscbpÅ
F¶mWv kplr¯v ]dbp¶Xv. Rm³ ]dbs«, hopw AXv hN\§Ä ]nÂ¡me¯v IS¯n¡q«s¸«XmWv. tbml¶m³
hniZoIcn¡m³ Ahkcw X¶ kplr¯n\v \µn. F´msW H¶mw teJ\w A©mw A[ymb¯nse Ggmas¯ hN\w "kz
¶psh¨mÂ, AhnsS amÀt¡mkv hfsc kaÀYambn cv hN\ ÀK¯nÂ km£yw ]dbp¶hÀ aqhcpv, ]nXmhv, ]p{X³, ]cn
§sf Iq«ntbmPn¸n¡pIbpw B A_²w hopw BhÀ¯n¡p ip²mXvamhv ChÀ aq¶p t]cpw H¶pXs¶' F¶pÅ hN\w
IbpamWv. BZys¯ `mKw amemJnbpsS ]pkvXI¯nÂ aq¶ma ]nÂ¡me¯v IS¯n¡q«s¸«XmWv. CXv Rm³ ]dbp¶XÃ.
s¯ A[ymbw H¶mas¯ hN\amWv. bi¿mhns³d 40þmw ss__nfnÂ IrXyambn sXfnhpÅXmWv. At¸mÄ shfn]mSv
A[ymb¯nse aq¶mas¯ hN\¯ns³d sNdnsbmcp `mKw ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dª _m[IÄ BÀs¡ms¡ _m[n¡Wsa
AXns³d IqsS Iq«nbn«v CXv cpw Hcp {]hmNI {]hN\am ¶v kzbw Xocpam\n¨mÂ aXn. _m[IÄ t\cs¯ ChnsS kqNn
sW¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¯n«v AXv bi¿mhnÂ Btcm]n¡pI ¸n¨p. kZriyhmIy§fnepw aäpw ]dbp¶pv; BhÀ¯\ ]pkv
XI¯nseXs¶ \memas¯ A[ymbw cmw hN\¯nepv, {Sm³kvtej³kmsW¦nÂ Nn-e-XnÂ- ]Tn¸n¡p¶ Nne `mK
shfn]mSv ]pkvXI¯nse 22þmw A[ymb¯nse 18,19 hN\¯n §Ä aäp Nn-e-Xn-en-Ã-, A-t¸mÄ- hn«pt]mb `mK§Ä ]Tn¸n¡m
epv Xncp¯p¶Xns\XnscbpÅ iIvXamb Xm¡oXv. ]t£, sX Xs¶ t]mIWatÃm. CXv ssZhnI hN\§fmWtÃm.
B Xm¡osXm¶pw tI«n«nÃ. Xm¡oXv CjvSw t]msebpv. tPm¬k¬ kmdns\t¸mepÅ BfpItfm AsÃ¦nÂ A\pbm
]eXnepapv; Xncp¯m³ ]mSnÃmsb¶v. ]t£, B Xm¡oXv bnItfm ]Tn¸n¡pt¸mÄ B `mK§Ä ]Tn¸n¡msX hntSn
tIÄ¡msX kab¯n\\pkcn¨v, kµÀ`¯n\\pkcn¨v ]e hcpw. CsXmcp henb A_²w Xs¶bmWtÃm. JpÀB³ aqe
Xpw IS¯n¡q«nbn«pv. 14þmw \qämnemWv ss__nfnte¡v IrXntbmSp IqSn Xs¶bmWv {]kn²s¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv.
Rm³ ]dª ^kväv F¸nkv-äv-Â- Hm^v tPm¬ tbml¶ms³d adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Izkväy³ Rm³ icn¡v
H¶mw teJ\¯nse A©mw A[ymb¯nse Ggmas¯ hN a\Ênem¡nbn«ptm F¶v t\m¡s«. JpÀBs³d tIm¸okv
\w IS¶pIqSnbXv. CXv {Ko¡v ss__nfnÂ CÃmbncpt¶m? D aebmf¯nÂ AsÃ¦nÂ aäv `mjIfnÂ ]»njv sN¿pt¼mÄ
mbncp¶p. CXv Ct¸mÄ ASp¯mWv ]pcmX\ am\pkv{In]väp AXns³dIqsS ]mceembn«v HdnPn\Â IqSn ]»njv sN¿pw
IÄ e`n¨t¸mÄ AXnÂ CÃmsb¶pw CXns³d `mj hyXykv F¶mtWm ]dªXns³d AÀYw? Are you sure? I can show
XamsW¶pw It¸mÄ FSp¯pIfªXv. F¶n«nt¸mÄ ae you ten copies aebmf¯ntem Cw¥ojntem am{XapÅ HdnPn
bmfw ss__nfnÂ NneXnÂ Iq«nbn«pv. hopw Iq«nbn«pv. \Â CÃm¯Xv. AXpsImv argument \v bmsXmcp validity
aebmfw ss__nfnÂ Cu ASp¯ Imewhsc Dmbncp¶nÃ. bpanÃ. \½psS I¿nÂ JpÀBs³d [mcmfw tIm¸okpv.
Ct¸mÄ Cu ss__nfnÂ Dv. AXpt]mse Xs¶ {]oanbdn
s³d ss__nfnepv. AXpt]mse hnip² kXythZ ]pkvX tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv ]mkväÀ KpWioe³, {Snhm³{Uw. ankv
Iw F¶v ]dbp¶ Cu ]pkvXI¯nepv. FÃm sXäpw \o¡n äÀ AIv_À kmÀ {]kwKn¨t¸mÄ tbip{InkvXphns³d P\\
bn«v {]kn²oIcn¨XmWv F¶mWv CXns³d {]km[IÀ Ah s¯¡pdn¨v a¯mbn FgpXnb kphntijw H¶mw A[ymbw
Imis¸Sp¶Xv. FÃm sXäpw! AXnÂ ]dbp¶XpXs¶ \Ã 22þmw hmIyw D²cn¨p: ""I\yI KÀ`nWnbmbn Hcp aIs\ {]khn
ckapv. {_ZÀ amXyqkv hÀKokmWv CXns³d FUnäÀ. At± ¡pw. C½m\pthÂ F¶ t]À hnfn¡s¸S-pw''. ]t£, ]gb
lw ]dbp¶Xv Htc kw`hw Hcp ss__nfns³d aq¶v `mK§fnÂ \nba¯nÂ Hcp `mK¯pw tbip{InkvXphns³d P\\s¯¡pdn
hyXykvXambn ]cmaÀin¡pt¼mÄ hmb\¡mÀ Nn´mIpg¸ ¨v ]dªn«nÃmsb¶v At±lw hyIvXambn ]dªp. sbi¿-m
¯nemhpIbpw ssZhhN\¯nepÅ AhcpsS hnizmkw \jvS {]hmNI³ Ggmw A[ymbw \memw hmIyw hmbn¨mÂ B D²c
s¸SpIbpw sN¿pIbntÃ F¶pÅXpsImmWv At±lw C§ Wn hfsc hyIvXambn {]hmNI³,- tbip{InkvXhns³d P\\
s\sbmcp ]cn`mj Cd¡nbXv F¶mWv. At¸mÄ C§s\ \jv ¯n\v 700 hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v {]hNn¨Xmbn, FgpXnbXmbn
Ss¸Sp¶ Hcp]mSv Imcy§Ä CXnepv F¶pÅ hkvXpX \½Ä hyIvXambn tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pv F¶p ImWmw.
AwKoIcn¡pI. adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw H¶mw
tNmZyw:- Fs³d t]cv a³kqÀ. {_ZÀ tUm. tPm¬k¬ A[ymb¯nse 21,22 hN\§fnÂ sbi¿mhns³d Ggmw A[ym
JpÀB³ ]cn`mjbnÂ A_²§fpv F¶ \ne¡v kwkmcn b¯nse 14þmas¯ hN\w Izm«v sNbvXn«pv. ChnsS AXn
¨tÃm. JpÀB³ ]cn`mjIÄ AXns³d aqeIrXntbmSpIqSnbm s³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ {]hN\amsW¶mWv kplr¯ns³d
Wv \n§Ä¡v ImWm\mIp¶Xv. F¶mÂ ss__nÄ aqeIr hmZw. Rm³ ]dbs«, \½psS hnjbaÃ CXv. hnjb¯nÂ\n¶v
XntbmSpIqSn FhnsSbpw ImWpI km[yaÃ. am{XaÃ, Cw¥ojv sX¶namdm³thn CXp]tbmKn¨v {iant¡. {]hN\§fp
sS hnizmkyXtbm {]hN\§Ä kw`hn¨n«nÃmsb¶tXm Cu §Ä hyà-ambn a\-Ên-em-Ipw. (A-\p-_Ôw 14 ImWp-I.)

hnjbhpambn Iq«ns¡t«XnÃ. F¶mÂ Cu hnjb¯nÂ ChnsS, JpÀB\nt³dXpt]mseXs¶bmWv ss__nfnt³d
kplr¯v tNmZn¨ kvYnXn¡v ]dbs«. sbi¿m {]hmNIs³d Xpw F¶v tPm¬k¬ kmÀ kqNn¸n¨XnÂ sNdnb Hc`n{]mbw
{]hN\w F´mWv? I\yI KÀ`nWnbmbn aIs\ {]khn¡pw. ]dbm\pv. \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯v ]cnip² JpÀBs³d ]cn`mj
I\yI F¶Ã DffXv. bphXn KÀ`nWnbmbn Ft¶bpÅq. A Ad_n aqet¯mSv IqSnbmWv Cd¡p¶Xv. CXmWv icnbmb
sXmcp hiw. I\yI F¶pÅXv a¯mbnbpsS hIbmWv. AXv coXn. Ad_naqeamWv ]cnip² JpÀB³. Ad_n aqeamWv icn.
asämcp hiw. F¶ns«´mbn? Ah³ C½m\phÂ F¶v t]cv AXpsImv \n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯v ]pd¯nd¡p¶ JpÀB³ ]cn`m
hnfn¡Ww. C½m\pthÂ F¶p]dªmÂ F´mWv? ]Z-§Ä jsbÃmw Ad_naqet¯mSpIqSnbmWv {]kn²oIcn¡pI. B
Xnctb. AÂam F¶pw _Ypem F¶papÅ ]Z§sfSp¯v sc¦nepw Fs´¦nepw sN¿p¶Xn\v \mw D¯chmZnIfÃ. {Ko¡v
\ap¡v ]cntim[nt¡nhcpw. shdpsX Fń\mWv _p²nap«p aqew am{XamWv icnsb¦nÂ {Ko¡v aqet¯mSpIqSnbpÅ Hcp
¶Xv? ]Z]camb hypÂ]¯n FSp¯n«v AÂam F¶pw _Ypem aebmf ss__nÄ {]kn²oIcn¡m³ _lpam\y\mb tUmIv
F¶papÅ ]Z§sfSp¯v ]cntim[n¨n«v F´mWv sbi¿mhv SÀ tPm¬k¬ k¶²\mhpIbpw AXns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ
kzoIcn¨Xv, F´mWv a¯mbn FSp¯Xv Fs¶Ãmw \ap¡v Hcp kwhmZw kwLSn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXpIfbmw F¶mWv
t\mt¡nhcpw. ]t£, ChnsS F´mWv kw`hn¡p¶sX¶v F\n¡v tXm¶p¶Xv. ImcWw Rm³ GXv D²cWn D²cn¨mepw
\½Ä a\Ênem¡pI. bYmÀY¯nÂ sbi¿mhns³d ]pkvXIw
At±l¯n\v ]dbm³ ]äpw CXv HdnPn\enÂ CÃ F-¶v. ImcW
Ggmw A[ymb¯nÂ 14þmas¯ hN\w am{XaÃbpÅXv. 15Dw
16Dw 17Dw FÃmw hN\§fpv. AhsbÃmw FSp¯v hmbn¡pI. sa´mWv? {Ko¡v {Sm³kvtej³ ankvtäIvkv. Ffp¸¯nÂ ]d
Cu hyIvXnsb¡pdn¨p Xs¶bmWv ]dbp¶Xv. cv cmPm¡·m bm³ km[n¡pw! Fs¶ kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw CXn\v ]änÃ.
cpsS tZiw Dt]£n¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶pv. ssXcpw ImcWsa´msW¶p sh¨mÂ Ad_n Adnbmhp¶ HcmÄ AXv
tX\pw `£n¡phm³ BIp¶Xn\v ap¼v F´v kw`hn¡psa¶v CXpt]mse D²cn¨n«v ]dbmsa¶v hnNmcn¡pI. C¶Xv C¶
]dbp¶pv. CsXÃmw kw`hn¨Xv sbi¿mhns³d Ime¯p hm¡ns³d AÀYatÃ F¶v tNmZn¨mÂ F\ns¡m¶pw ]dbm³
Xs¶bmWv F¶v a\Ênem¡m³ F«mw A[ymb¯nse F«ma ]änÃ. At¸mÄ hnaÀin¡m³ km[yaÃ. ImcWsa´mWv?- CXv
s¯ hN\w H¶v hmbn¨pt\m¡nbmÂ aXn. C½m\pthÂ F ssZhnI hN\§fmWv. B ssZhnI hN\§Ä AtXt]msebp
s¶mcp BfpmbXpw FÃmhcpw C½m\pthÂ F¶v hnfn¨Xpw v. AXns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ "\n¨v Hm-^v {Sq¯pw'- "Z {Sq¯p'
B {]hN\¯ns³d ]qÀ¯oIcWw AÃmsb¦nÂ sbi¿mhn amWtÃm kwkmcn¡p¶Xv. "Z {Sq¯v'- {Ko¡v HdnPn\epw IqSn
s³d hN\¯ns³d ]qÀ¯oIcWw \S¶XpsaÃmw AhnsS¯ DÄs¸Sp¯ns¡mv Hcp {Sm³kvtej³ ]»njv sN¿s«. AXn
s¶bpv. sbi¿mhns³d ]pkvXIw FSps¯m¶v hmbn¨pt\m sâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ \ap¡v ]cntim[n¡mw F¶v kqNn¸n
¡pI. AXv a¯mbn FSp¯v Izm«v sNbvXn«v tbiphnÂ kw`hn ¡pIbmWv.
¨psh¶v hcp¯m³thn {ian¡pIbmWv. kXy¯nÂ AXv tNmZyw:- Fs³d t]cv dôJv. ss__nfns³d ]cn`mjbnÂ
Bsc¡pdn¨mWv? CXv A¶pXs¶ kw`hn¨ Hcp {]hN\amWv. A]mIXIfptm CtÃ F¶pÅXÃ ChnsS kwkmc hnjbw.
B {]hN\w A¶v \nhÀ¯oIcn¨n«pv F¶pÅXmWv kXyw. HdnPn\Â ss__nfnÂ Xs¶ AXns³d hN\§Ä hn«pt]mbn.
Ggpw F«pw A[ymb§Ä H¶v ]qÀWambn hmbn¨p t\m¡nbmÂ ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ F§s\bmWv B hN\wXs¶ hn«p
aXn. AXn\v IqSpXÂ t]mtIXnÃ. At¸mÄ \ap¡v Imcy- t]mIp¶Xv? DZmlcW¯n\v ^mZÀ F¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ aebmf
¯nÂ ANvO³ Ft¶m ]nXmsht¶m sImSpt¯¡mw. AXnÂ Adnbmhp¶Xv BcmWv? \n§fnÂ {Ko¡v Adnbp¶hÀ Bsc¦n
\mw A`n{]mb hyXymkw ]dbp¶nÃ. ]t£, HdnPn\enÂ \n¶v epaps¦n-Â- ssIs]m¡nbms«. HdnPn\Â Ds¦nÂXs¶
aäv `mjIfnte¡v `mjmćw sN¿pt¼mÄ hN\§ÄXs¶ what is a difference? suppose Hcp sskUnÂ aebmfw {Sm³kv
hn«pt]mbXn\v DZmlcWamWv InwKvsPbnwkv thÀj\nse H¶v tej³. Hcp sskUnÂ HdnPn\epv. {Ko¡v Adnbmhp¶hÀ
tbml¶m³ 5:7, AXnÂ C§s\ ImWp¶p: "kzÀK¯nÂ km Bsc¦nepaps¦nÂ Fgpt¶äv \nÂ¡s«. ln{_p Adnbmhp
£n ]dbp¶hÀ aqhcpv. ]nXmhv, ]p{X³ ]cnip²mXvamhv. ¶hÀ Bsc¦nepaps¦nÂ Fgpt¶äv \nÂ¡s«. \n§Ä¡v
Cu aqhcpw H¶pXs¶'. Cu hN\w {InkvXpaXhnizmknIfpsS AdnbnsÃ¦nÂ paralel Bbn«v ]»njv sN¿p¶XnÂ AÀYsam
ASnkvYm\]camb hnizmkamWv. Cu hnizmk¯n\v A\pIq ¶panÃ. CXv shdpw argument BWv. Cu argument s\m¶pw
eamb sXfnhv InwKvsPbnwkv thÀj³ Hgn¨v asämcp Cw¥ojv bmsXmcp AÀYhpanÃ. F¶pam{XaÃ, CXn\p ap¼v ]dªXn
ss__nfnepw \ap¡v ImWm³ km[yaÃ. AXpt]mseXs¶ s³d adp]Sn Rm³ H¶pIqSn ]dbs«. Rm³ ap¼v HmÀan¸n¨Xp
]XnämpIÄ¡p ap¼pÅ aebmfw ss__nfpIfnÂ AXpm t]mse apkvenwkv Xs¶ publish sNbvX ]e {Sm³kvtej³
bncp¶pXm\pw. ]ns¶ AXv amän. Ct¸mÄ CXm AIv_À kmÀ knepw original CÃ. AXpsImv \n§Ä ]dªXn\v bmsXmcp
ImWn¨Xpt]msebpÅ, amXyp hÀKokns³d ss__nfnÂ CXv basis Dw CÃ. cv. HdnPn\Â ]»njv sNbvXmÂ Xs¶ \n§Ä
hopw ImWp¶p. CXv ]cn`mjbnepÅ XIcmdÃ. hN\§Ä ¡mÀ¡pw AXv a\ÊnemI¯nÃ. hn«pt]mbn«ptm F¶v \n§
Xs¶ D²cn¡m¯ {]iv\amWv. AXv sXätÃ F¶mWv kw Ä¡v Xncn¨dnbm³ km[n¡nÃ. \n§Ä Bcpw ln{_p In«nÃ.
ibw. {Ko¡v In«nÃ. shdpw Cw¥ojv {Sm³kvtejs³dbpw aebmfw
{Sm³kvtejs³dbpw amXyp hÀKokns\t]mse Individuals
adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Thank you for that ques- sNbvX {Sm³kvtejs³d basisepamWv Cu argument sImp
tion. Rm³ AXv {]Xo£n¡p¶pmbncp¶p. AXn\v ap¼v Rm hcp¶Xv.
s\mcp Imcyw point out sN¿s«. CXn\pap¼v ankväÀ AIv_À
]dªt¸mÄ Rm³ ]dªXn\v adp]SnbmWv ]dªXv. That tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯nÂ \n¶v Hcp hmIyw hn«pt]m
is not allowed. I appeal. You are not supposed to reply me. It is
sb¶v ]dbp¶p; H¶v tbml¶m³ A©mw A[ymb¯nÂ\n¶v.
not a debate with me and you.
B[nImcnIambn«pÅ GXv {Sm³kvtej³ thWsa¦nepw \n§
Ä FSp¯v t\m¡nt¡m, AXnÂ B hmIyapv. individuals
Rm³ CXn\pap¼v HmÀan¸n¨Xpt]mse \n§Ä Cu ]dbp sNbvXXv ]eXpw hn«p. ImcWw C¶v ss__nÄ ]e indi-
¶Xv FÃmw ss__nÄ {Sm³kvtej³kns³d basis emWv. viduals Dw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xv AhcpsS kzmÀYXmÂ]cy
Ct¸mÄ Xs¶ amXyp hÀKokns³d {Sm³kvtej³þ AXv Hcp ¯n\p thnbmWv. AhchcpsS Dt±iyw kvYm]n¡phm³
hyIvXnbpsS {Sm³kvtej\mWv. AXn\v k`bpsS bmsXmcp thnbmWv. ]¯v {Sm³kvtej\ps¦nepw ]¯pw AwKoIr
AwKoImchpw CsÃ¶v am{XaÃ, ankväÀ amXyp hÀKokv k`bn Xsam¶paÃ. JpÀBs³d ]¯v {Sm³kvtej³kps¦nÂ
Â\n¶v ]pd¯m¡s¸«-- hyIvXnbmWv F¶v \n§Ä a\Ênem \n§Ä ]¯pw AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. AXpt]mse Xs¶ R§fpw
¡Ww. \n§Ä Cu sImphcp¶ tNmZy§sfÃmw Cu hyIvXn AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ F¶pÅXv a\Ênem¡n¡gnªmÂ Cu
IÄ sN¿p¶ {Sm³kvtejs³d basis emWv. tNmZy§Äs¡m¶pw {]kIvXnbnsÃ¶pÅXv a\Ênem¡mw. Hdn
AXpt]mseXs¶ HcmÄ Fgpt¶äp\n¶psImv ]dªp. Pn\enÂ\n¶v H¶pw hn«pt]mbn«nÃ. H¶pw hn«n«nÃ. Rm³ HmÀ
HdnPn\epw {Sm³kvtej\pw H¶n¨p X¶pIgnªmÂ HdnPn\Â an¸n¨Xpt]mse {Sm³kvtej³ H¶n\pw Xs¶ B[nImcnIX
bnÃ. AXnÂ ]ecpw ]eXpw sNbvsX¶ncn¡pw. At±l¯ns³d hmZ§sf JWvUn¡phm³ k¶²\mIp¶nÃ

tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv sI.Fkv. sNdnbm³ F¶mWv. s]cp F¶v Adnbn¡pIbmWv. ChnsS {]hN\§Ä AÃ \½psS
¼mhqÀ Xs¶bmWv hoSv. {ioam³ AIv_À kwkmcn¨p;- tbip hnjbw. {]hN\ ]qÀ¯oIcWw kw`hn¨n«ptm F¶XÃ.
{InkvXphns\¸än {]hN\ `mK§fnsem¶pw ]dªn«nÃmsb kw`hn¡m¯ {]hN\§Ä Dv. AXns\¡pdn¨mWv \½Ä
¶v. F¶mÂ sbi¿m {]hmNI³ 51þmw A[ymb¯nÂ Bsc¡p NÀ¨ sNt¿Xv F¶mWv kqNn¸n¡phm\pÅXv.
dn¨mWv ]dªncn¡p¶sX¶v hniZoIcn¡mtam? tNmZyw:- Fs³d t]cv imcnJv. kvYew sIm¨n. tPm¬k¬
kmÀ {]kwK¯nÂ ]dbpIbpmbn; ss__nÄ ]qÀWambpw
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): _lpam\y\mb tPyjvT ssZhnIamWv. AXnÂ Aimkv{Xob ]cmaÀi§fnÃ. Aimkv
ktlmZc³ hopw {]hN\§fnte¡v t]mbncn¡bmWv. Rm³ {Xob ]cmaÀi§Ä Bsc¦nepw ImWn¨mÂ AXns\{Xtbm
ChnsS ]dªp. ss__nfnse {]hN\§sf t]mkvävtamÀ«w cq] \ÂImsa¶v. Rm³ Nne Imcy§Ä tNmZn¡phm³ Dt±in
\S¯tem sbi¿mhv {]hN\w \S¯nbn«nÃ F¶v ]dbtem ¡p¶p? 21þmw A[ymb¯nÂ 19 apXepÅ hN\§fnÂ ]dbp¶p
Fs³d e£yaÃ. AXv a\Ênem¡Ww. ss__nfnÂ {]hN\ "btlmhm cmPmhv `cWw XpS§nbt¸mÄ Ah\v 32 hbÊmbn
§Ä Dv F¶pXs¶bmWv Fs³d A`n{]mbw. AtXkabw cp¶p. Ah³ F«phÀjw Pdpktew hmWXn\ptijamWv acn¨
tbiphns\¡pdn¨pÅ {]hN\§fmbn ]dbp¶ Imcy§sf¡p Xv. Ah³ acn¨Xn\ptijw Ahs³d Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm¡n.
dn¨pÅ Hcp A`n{]mb {]IS\w \S¯nbXmWv. AXnt·Â ISn At¸mÄ Ah\v 42 hbÊ-mbncp¶p. At¸mÄ A¸³ acn¨p. A
¨pXqt§XnÃ. hnjb¯nÂ \n¶v amtdXnÃ. CXn\v adp] ¸s³d Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm¡n. aq¯a¡sfÃmw sImÃs¸«p'.
Sn ]dªmÂ kzm`mhnIambn«pw ASp¯ tNmZyw hcpw. ]ns¶ Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm¡nbt¸mÄ Ah\v 42 hbÊv. A¸³ acn¨
k¦oÀ¯\ ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dªn«pÅXv Bsc¡pdn¨msW Xv 30 hbÊnÂ. A¸t\¡mÄ cv hbÊv aq¯ aI³.
¶v. ASp¯ tNmZyw hcpw. CXpt]mseXs¶ b-ncaym {]hmNI AXpt]mseXs¶ tehy ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dbp¶p; hoSns³d
s³d ]pkvXI¯nÂ ]dªn«pÅXv Bsc¡pdn¨msW¶v. Bbn ip²oIcW¯n\pthn \n§Ä cv ]£nIsf sImp hc
ct¯mfw {]hN\§Ä tbiphnÂ kw`hn¨n«ps¶v ss__nÄ Ww. B ]£nIsf Adp¯v AXns³d tNmc hoSns³d Npäpw
]WvUnX·mÀ A`n{]mbs¸Smdpv. AXv \ap¡v asämcp Ahk Xfn¨mÂ sXmen¸pdsabpÅ AkpJ§Ä AXmbXv sNmdn,
c¯nÂ analyse sN¿mw. tbiphns\¡pdn¨v {]hNn¨n«ptm Nnc§v, IpjvTw t]msebpÅ tcmK§Ä hcnÃ F¶v. FÃmhÀ
CÃtbm F¶pÅXÃ \½psS hnjbw. adn¨v ss__nÄ ssZhn ¡pw Adnbmhp¶ ImcyamWv;- AXn\v ]n.F¨v.Un. FSpt¡
IamtWm AtÃ F¶XmWv. B ss__nfns³d ssZhnIX¡v BhiyanÃ. Hcp sNdnb sIm¨n\pt]mepw Adnbmw tNmc tcmKw
FXncmbn Rm³ Nne {]hN\§Ä D²cn¨p. ChnsS _lpam\y Dm¡p¶XmsW¶v. B tNmc Xfn¨mÂ \n§Ä¡v sXmen¸pd
\mb tPm¬k¬ kmtdm aämsc¦neptam AXns\ criticise sabpÅ AkpJw hcnÃmsb¶v, IpjvTw hcnÃmsb¶v.
sNbvXn«nÃ. AXns\ hnaÀin¨n«nÃ. AXpt]mseXs¶ ss__nfnÂ ]dbp¶Xv, Hcp s]®v hy`n
tNmtZym¯c¯n\nSbnÂ ]ckv]cw adp]Sn ]dtbXnÃ Ncn¨n«ps¦nÂ Ahsf ]ptcmlnXs³d ASp¯v sImp
F¶pÅXv kzm`mhnIambn«pw \nba{]ImcamWv. Ct±lw ]d t]mIWsa¶pw ]ptcmlnXs³d ASp¯psImpt]mbn ip²
ª Imcy§Ä¡v Ft³dXmb A`n{]mb§fpv; sXfnhpIfp shÅw sImSp¯v Ahsfs¡mv kXyw sN¿n¨mÂ AhÄ
sS ASnØm\-¯nÂ Xs¶. ]t£, \½Ä Xbmdm¡nb \nbam hy`nNcn¨n«ps¦nÂ AhfpsS hbdv hoÀ¯v AkpJw h¶v
henbpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ AXv icnbÃm¯Xp sImv Rm³ P\§Ä¡v a\ÊnemIpw. hy`nNcn¨n«nsÃ¦nÂ AhÄ¡v Akp
Jw _m[n¡nÃ F¶pw ]dbp¶p. CXv F§s\bmWv imkv{Xo tNmZyIÀ¯mhv: hy`nNcn¨ F{X BÄ¡mcpv.......
bamhpIsb¶v hyIvXambn ]dªpX¶mÂ sImÅmw. \nba adp]Sn: imkv{X¯ns³d GXv \nbas¯ ewLn¡p¶p?
¯nepÅ Imcy§fmWnsXÃmw. At¸mÄ CXnÂ Hcn¡epw amäw aq¶mas¯ tNmZyw. H¶mas¯ tNmZyw H¶pIqSnsbm¶v re-
hcnÃmsb¶v \n§Ä hnizkn¡p¶psh¶v hnNmcn¡p¶p. peat sN¿p.
adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Thank you kplrs¯, Please control your emotion. CXv Ignªn«p thWsa¦nÂ
A{X emotional BtI BhiyanÃ. CXv ASntbm hgt¡m \aps¡m¶n¨p\n¶v Ipd¨v shout sN¿mw.
H¶paÃ. especially \½Ä first time ImWpIbmWv. ]e {]mh tNmZyIÀ¯mhv: Hcp cmPmhns³d Ncn{Xw ss__nÄ ]d
iyw debate \S¯nbXnÂ Rm\pw AIv_dpw X½nÂ C{Xbpw ªp. Hcp cmPmhv `cWw XpS§nbXv 32þmw hbÊnÂ. F«phÀ
emotionally kwkmcn¨n«ps¶v tXm¶p¶nÃ. R§Ä hfsc jw Pdpktew hmWp. DSs\ AbmfpsS Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm
friendly Bbn«ncp¶mWv Nmb IpSn¨sXms¡. O.K.? no prob- ¡n. aq¯ a¡sfÃmw sImÃs¸«p. AXpsImv Cfb aIs\
lem! aq¶v questions BWv tNmZn¨Xv. B aq¶v questions Dw cmPmhm¡n. 32 hbÊnÂ cmPmhmbn. F«phÀjw `cn¨p. Ct¸mÄ
one by one Bbn«v ssIImcyw sN¿mw. BZyw aq¶mas¯ ques- F{X hbÊmbn?40 hbÊ-mbn. Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm¡n. At¸m
tion FSp¡mw. AhÄ B hnip² Pew IpSn¨pIgnªmÂ Ah Ä Ah\v 42 hbÊv. A¸t\¡mÄ cv hbÊv aq¯ aI³.
Ä¡v problem DmInÃ. O.K. kb³kns³d GXv \nba¯n\v AXpam{XaÃ......
FXncmWXv? hmZn hmZw sXfnbn¡Ww. kb³kns³d GXv
\nbas¯bmWv AXv ewLn¡p¶Xv? Rm³ CXn\v ap¼v ]dª adp]Sn: O.K Thank you very much. B hmIysam¶v hmbn¨v
Xpt]mse hmZn¡p¶h³ hmZw sXfnbn¡Ww. tIÄ¸n¡mtam. F\n¡v HmÀabnsÃ¶pht¨m. hmIysam¶v hmbn
¨ptIÄ¸n¡q ss__nfnÂ\n¶v. ]n.F¨v.Unsbms¡ sNbvX
tNmZyIÀ¯mhv:- CXv \ap¡v Adnbmhp¶ ImcyamWv. hy`n
Xn\nS¡v memory¡v kzÂ]w problem h¶n«pv. AsXm¶v
Nmc¯ns³d hnjb¯nÂ [mcmfw tIkpIÄ hcmdpv. tImS hmbn¨ptIÄ]n¨ms«-.
XnbnÂ t]mImdpv. C§s\sbmcp Imcyaps¦nÂ \ap¡Xv
ss__nfns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ sXfnbn¨mÂ t]msc? hfsc tNmZyIÀ¯mhv:- Ime{ItaW cv kwhÂkcw Ignªp.
hyIvXamWXv......... Zo\¯mÂ Ahs³d IpSÂ ]pd¯pNmSn Ah³ ITn\ hym[nbm
adp]Sn: tNmZyaXÃ. imkv{X¯ns³d GXv \nbas¯bmWv Â acn¨p... Ahs³d ]nXm¡·mÀ¡v Ign¨ Zl\wt]mse Ah
B statement ewLn¡p¶Xv? \p Zl\w Ign¨nÃ. Ah³ hmgv-N-XpS§nbt¸mÄ Ah\v 32
hbÊmbncp¶p. Ah³ F«v kwhÂkcw PdpkteanÂ hmWp.
tNmZyIÀ¯mhv-: imkv{X¯ns³d GXv \nbaamWv CXns\ BÀ¡pw CjvS\mImsX IgnªpIqSn. Ahs\ ZmhoZns³d
\ymboIcn¡p¶Xv F¶v ]dªmÂsImÅmw? \Kc¯nÂ AS¡w sNbvXp. cmPm¡·mcpsS IÃdIfnÂ
adp]Sn: AÃÃ. Rm³ AXv \ymboIcn¡psa¶v ]dªnÃ. AÃXm\pw. Pdpktew \nhmknIÄ Ahs³d Cfb aI\mb
\n§fpsS tNmZy¯n\v Hcp justification XcWw. Rm³ adp]Sn Alkymsh Ah¶v ]Icw cmPmhm¡n. AcphnItfmSpIqsS
]dbmw. ]mfb¯nÂ h¶ ]S¡q«w Ahs³d aq¯hscsbms¡bpw
tNmZyIÀ¯mhv: ss__nÄ ]dbpIbmWv hy`nNmcmtcm sIm¶pIfªncp¶p. C§s\ blqZ cmPmhmb sblcmans³d
]Ww DmbmÂ....... aI³ Alkymhv cmPmhmbn. Alkymhv hmgv¶v XpS§nb
adp]Sn: imkv{X¯ns³d GXv \nbas¯ ewLn¡p¶p? t¸mÄ Ah\v 42 hbÊmbncp¶p.
adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Thank you, very very ¯nÂ hnizkn¡p¶psh¶mWv Rm³ a\Ênem¡nbXv. AsÃ¦n
clear. 32þmw hbÊnÂ cmPmhmbn. F«phÀjw hmWp. Ahs³d Â Ckveman\v tamibpsS Xudm¯pambn«v Fs´¦nepw _\v[
aI³ cmPmhmbt¸mÄ Ah\v 42 hbÊpmbncp¶p. 32Dw 8D-w aptm. Ds¦nÂ AXnÂ ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v F´v ]dbp¶p
40. 40 Ignªv immediately BWv Ah³ `cn¨p IgnªsX¶v F¶dnbm³ XmÂ]cyw.
ss__nfnse§pw ]dªn«nÃ. ss__nfnepÅ ]gb \nba¯n adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): kplr¯ns³d tNmZyw; Ckv
se lnkvädn FSp¯pIgnªmÂ ]e cmPm¡·mÀ Hcp kvtä emw tamibpsS Xudm¯nÂ hnizkn¡p¶p F¶mWv kplr¯v
PnÂ h¶pIgnªv CS¡v anUnenÂ NneÀ `cn¡pIbpw AXpI a\Ênem¡nbXv. ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v ss__nÄ ]dªXnÂ
gnªv AhcpsS a¡Ä `cn¡pIbpw sNbvXXmbn ImWmw. Hcp A_²apv F¶v Rm³ ]dªp. AXns\¡pdn¨v Ckvemw
cmPmhv 32þmw hbÊnÂ `cW¯nÂ h¶p. F«phÀjw `cn¨p. F´v ]dbp¶p. JpÀB³ F´v ]dbp¶p F¶mWtÃm;- AtÃ?
Xs³d aI³ `cW¯nÂ h¶t¸mÄ 42 hbÊpmbncp¶p. CXn Ckvemw tamsi {]hmNI\v ssZhw \ÂInb Xudm¯nÂ
\nS¡v gap CÃmbncp¶psh¶v ss__nÄ ]dbp¶nÃ. Kym¸v ]qÀWambpw hnizkn¡p¶p. ]t£, B Xudm¯v C¶v D]e_v
CÃmsb¶v \n§f§v k¦Â]n¡pIbmWv. k¦Â]n¨v Ignªn [-aÃ. AtXXv Xudm¯mWv? JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p, A©mw A
«v ]ns¶ you are immediately showing it is as an error. What [ymbw,- kqd¯v amCZbnÂ 44þmw hN\¯nÂ:- "\mw BWv Xudm
was the second question. H¶pw aq¶pw Ignªp.
¯ns\ tamsi¡v XoÀ¨bmbpw AhXcn¸n¨n«pÅXv. AXnÂ
A[y£³: Zbhmbn«v F\ns¡mcp sNdnb \nÀtZiapv. k·mÀKZÀi\hpw {]Imihpapv'. tamsi¡v ssZhw X¼pcm³
{_ZÀ aq¶v tNmZy§Ä tNmZn¨p. tPm¬k¬ kmÀ kab]cn[n AhXcn¸n¨ Xudm¯v,- tamsi ]Tn¸n¨ Xudm¯v, AXnÂ
Ignªpw adp]Sn ]dtbnh¶p. Ipsdb[nIw kabw \½Ä Ckvemw hnizkn¡p¶p. AXv ]qÀWambpw icnbmbncp¶psh
AXn\v spend sNbvXp t]mbn. AXpsImv Zbhmbn«v tNmZyIÀ ¶v k½Xn¡p¶p. ]t£, AXnÂ ]eXpw IS¯n¡q«nb \nebn
¯m¡Ä Hcp tNmZyw am{Xw tNmZn¡pI. F¦nÂ am{Xsa kab emWv Ct¸mÄ e`yambncn¡p¶Xv. A-Xv- Rm³ t\cs¯ kqNn
_\v[nXambn«v ]cn]mSn apt¶m«v sImpt]mIm³ Ignbq. Hcp ¸n¨p. kvYm]n¨p.
tNmZyw AXn\v adp]Sn. ASp¯ tNmZyw ASp¯bmÄ tNmZn
¡pI. AXmbncn¡pw \ÃsX¶v Rm³ moderate sN¿p¶p. Ckvemw ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v F´v ]dbp¶p F¶mWv kplr
Thank you.
¯ns³d ASp¯ tNmZyw. AXv`pXIcw;- ]cnip² JpÀBs³d
ssZhnIX¡pÅ IrXyamb sXfnhmbn¡qSn CXv \nesImÅpI
tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv B\µv, s]cp¼mhqcnÂ Xmakn¡p¶p. bmWv. Rm³ ]dªp. A{_lmw {]hmNIs³d ImeL«¯n
tamibpsS Xudm¯nÂ Ckvemw hnizkn¡p¶psh¶mWv Rm³ epÅ CuPn]vXnse cmPmhns\¡pdn¨v ss__nÄ ^tdmh F
a\Ênem¡nbXv. tamibpsS Xudm¯nÂ ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v ¶v hnfn¡p¶p. AXv Ncn{X¯ns\XncmWv. Ncn{X¯nÂ e`n¨n
F´v ]dbp¶p. ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨pÅ Ckvemans³d ImgvN¸mSv «pÅ sXfnhpIÄ¡v FXncmWv. AtX t]mseXs¶ tbm-k
F´msW¶v Adnbm³ B{Kln¡p¶p. ^ns³d Ime¯pÅ CuPn]vXnse cmPmhns\ ss__nÄ 90
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): tNmZyw H¶pIqSn BhÀ¯n XhW ^tdmh F¶v hnfn¡p¶p. AXpw In«nb sXfnhpIÄ¡v
¡pI. FXncmWv. tamsibpsS Ime¯n\v sXm«p ap¼mWv ^tdmh
tNmZyIÀ¯mhv: ^tdmhsb¡pdn¨v ss__nÄ ]dbp¶Xv F¶ ]Z{]tbmKw h¶Xv. JpÀB\nÂ ^tdmh F¶Xn\v X¯p
sXämsW¶v AIv_À ]dªncp¶p. Ckvemw tamibpsS Xudm eyambn«pÅ ]Z{]tbmKw ^nÀHu³ F¶mWv. ]cnip² JpÀB
\nÂ A{_lmans³d Ncn{Xw hniZoIcn¡p¶pv. B ImeL« ÃmsX hnizkn¡pIbnsÃ¶v ]dbp¶p. At¸mÄ tbip{InkvXp
¯nse cmPmhns\- Hcn¡epw JpÀB³ ^nÀHu³ F¶v hnfn¡p ChnsS ]dbp¶Xv tbm\ {]hmNIs³d Ncn{XamWv. tbm\
¶nÃ. ^tdmh F¶v hnfn¡p¶nÃ. AtXt]mse tbmtk^ns³d {]hmNI³ aXvky¯ns³d hbänÂ aq¶v cmhpw aq¶v ]Iepw
ImeL«¯nse Ncn{Xw Ipd¨v hniZambn¯s¶ JpÀB³ hni Ccp¶Xpt]mse a\pjy]p{X\pw `qanbpsS DÅnencn¡pw F¶m
ZoIcn¡p¶pv. JpÀBs³d 12þmas¯ A[ymbw kqd¯pÂ Wv ]dbp¶Xv. CXns³d hniZoIcWw F\n¡v a\ÊnemIp¶n
bqkp^mWv. B kqd¯pÂ bqkp^nÂ hfsc hniZambn¯ Ã. tbip{InkvXp `qanbpsSbpÅnÂ aq¶v cmhpw aq¶v ]Iepw
s¶ JpÀB³ hniZoIcn¡p¶pv; tbmtk^ns³d Imes¯ tbm\m {]hmNI³ aXvky¯ns³d hbänÂ Ccp¶Xpt]mse
Ncn{Xw. AhnsSbpw B cmPmhns\ ^nÀHu³ F¶v hnfn¡p¶n Ccp¶psh¶v ss__nfnÂ FhnsSbmWv tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p
Ã. ^tdmh F¶v hnfn¡p¶nÃ. adn¨v JpÀB³ tamsibpsS ¶sX-¶-v ImWm³ Ignbp¶nÃ. aqe`mj AÃmsb¦nÂIqSn
ImeL«¯nse cmPmhns\ am{Xsa ^nÀHu³ F¶v hnfn¡p¶p AXn\v hniZoIcWw thWw. aqe`mj ChnsSbpÅhcpsS Bcp
Åq. JpÀB³ IrXyamWv, kXyk\v[amWv, ssZhnIamWv F¶ sSsb¦nepw ]¡eps¦nÂ AXnÂ t\m¡nbmsW¦nepw kmÀ
Xn\v ]e sXfnhpIfnÂ H¶mbn;- ss__nfnse ssZhnIX¡v AXn\v adp]Sn ]dbWsa¶v At]£n¡p¶p.
FXnscbpÅ sXfnhv JpÀBs³d ssZhnIX¡v A\pIqeamb
sXfnhmbn amdp¶Xv \½Ä ImWpIbmWv. hnjbm[njvTnXaÃ, adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): aebmf¯nÂ hmbn¨
F¦nepw tNmZn¨t¸mÄ Rm³ D¯cw ]dªXmWv. FÃmw hn XnÂ aqe`mj FhnsS h¶psh¶Xv F\n¡v a\ÊnembnÃ. I will
jbm[njvTnXaÃmsb¶v ]dªv XÅn¡fbp¶ Hcp coXnbmWv leave it. a¯mbn, amÀt¡mkv, eqt¡mkv, tbml¶m³ \mev
Cu `mK¯p\n¶v kzoIcn¨Xv F¶v \n§Ä ]dbcpXtÃm F¶v kphntij§fnepw emkväv aq¶v \mev A[ymb§Ä FSp¯v
hnNmcn¨v ]dªXmWv. ChnsS JpÀB³ IrXyambn B ]Z{] t\m¡n¡gnªmÂ AhnsSsbÃm `mK¯pw IÀ¯mhmb tbiq
tbmKw D¶bn¡p¶p F¶pÅXmWv JpÀBs³d khntijX. {InkvXphns\ AS¡nsb¶pw AXpIgnªv tbip{InkvXp IÃd
JpÀB³ ss__nfnÂ\n¶v tIm¸nbSn¨v FgpXnbXmWv F¶v bnÂ Dmbncp¶psh¶pap-Å details ]dªn«pv. At¸mÄ
hfsc `wKy´tcW ]dªpt]mbn Fs³d Nne kplr¯p¡Ä. AhnsS kplr¯n\v {]iv\sa´mbncp¶psh¶pÅXv F\n¡v
AXns\Xnsc¡qSnbmWv Cu sXfnhv. JpÀB\nÂ, ss__nfn a\ÊnembnÃ. tbm\ Poht\msS Dmbncp¶psh¶pÅXv ss_
epÅ C¯c¯nepÅ bmsXmcp A_²hpw IS¶pIqSnbn«nÃ. _nfnÂ FhnsSbpanÃ. AXv Xm¦Ä Iq«nt¨À¯XmWv. Hcp re-
tIm¸nbSn¨XmsW¦nÂ C¯cw A_²§Ä JpÀB\nÂ quest Dv. kabw save sN¿Wsa¦nÂ questions tNmZn¡p¶
DmtInbncp¶p. \n§Ä ]Tn¡pI F¶v Rm³ kqNn¸n¡p¶p. hÀ Ipds¨m¶v AXv clear Bbn«v especially \n§fpsS k¦Â
]w,- AsXm¶v kvYm]n¨v ]dªpIgnªmÂ AsÃ¦nÂ k¦Â
tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv A_vZp¶-mkn-À. aqe`mjbnepÅ ]pXn ]¯n\v ]Icw clear Bbn«v ]dªpIgnªmÂ that will be
b \nbaaÃ Fs³d I¿nepÅXv. tbip{InkvXphns³d [mcmfw good.
hN\§sf¡pdn¨v Rm³ a\Ênem¡p¶pv. AXnÂ- tbip{In
kvXp ]dªncn¡p¶ Hcp hN\¯ns³d hniZoIcW¯n\pth tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv kt´mjv kmapthÂ. tbip{InkvXphn
nbmWv Fs³d tNmZyw. AXmbXv a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw s\bpw kIe \_nIsfbpw {]hmNI·mscbpw AhcpsS {]hr
12þmw A[ymb¯ns³d 39 apXepÅ hmIy§Ä hmbn¡pt¼mÄ ¯nIsfbpw BZc]qÀh-w AwKoIcn¨ ankväÀ AIv_À thZ]p
imkv{Xnamcpw ]coi-·mcpw tbiphns³d ASp¡Âh-¶v kwkm kvXI¯ns³d ZnhyXsb AdnbmsX Xs¶ AwKoIcn¡p¶p
cn¨t¸mÄ tZmjhpw hy`-nNmchpapÅ Xeapd ASbmfw sIm sh¶v Rm³ ]dªpIgnªmÂ \ntj[n¡m³ ]äptam?
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): ktlmZcs³d tNmZyw,- thZ v tNmZn¡p¶p. F´mWv adnbta \o sNbvX-Xv. \o C{X tXm
]pkvX-IX-¯nsâ Znhy-Xsb AdnbmsX AwKoIcn¨mÂ AXv ¶yhmknbmbnt¸mbtÃm!- \o Altcms³d ]p{XnamcnÂ Hcmfm
\ntj[n¡m³ ]äptam'- F¶mWv. ss__nfns³d ssZhnIXsb bn Adnbs¸Sp¶ hyIvXnbmWtÃm.- Cu kab¯v adnb H¶pw
¡pdn¨pÅ CkvemanIamb ho£Ww Rm³ ]dªpIgnªp. ]dbm\nÃmsX \nÈ_vZbmbn, ImcWw ]cnip²mXvamhn\mÂ
AXnÂ ssZhnIamb hN\§fpapv. {]hmNI·mcpsS hN\ KÀ`nWnbmbXmsW¶v- AhnSs¯ BfpItfmSv ]dªn«v bm
§fpv. ]ptcmlnX·mcpsS hN\§fpv. a\pjycpsS hN\ sXmcp ImcyhpanÃ. AhÀ hy`nNmcamWv Btcm]n¡pI. At¸m
§fpv. ]ecpsSbpw hN\§fpv. CsXÃmw IqSn¡pgªn«m Ä AhÀ F´v sN¿p¶p?- Ipªns³d t\À¡v hncÂNqp¶p.
Wv kvYnXnsN¿p¶Xv. {]hmNI·msc¡pdn¨v F´psImv At¸mÄ AXm sXm-«nenÂ InS¡p¶ B ]n©pss]XÂ ]dbm
hnizkn¡p¶p?- {]hmNI·msc¡pdn¨v hfsc hyIvXambn ]cn ³ XpS§p¶p. B ]n©p ss]XÂ kwkmcn¡m³ XpS§p¶p.-
ip² JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¨pXcp¶p. ChnsS ss__nfnÂ ]dbp¶p ]cnip² JpÀB\nse 19þmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ \ap¡Xv-
F¶ GIImcWw sImÃ {]hmNI·msc¡pdn¨v Rm³ hniz ImWm³ Ignbpw. At¸mÄ Rm³ ]dbp¶sX´msW¶p sh¨m
kn¡p¶Xv. ]cnip² JpÀB³ B {]hmNI·mcpsS kXyX¡v Â ss__ntfm aäv {K\vY§tfm ]d-bm¯ AÛp-X-§Ä tbip
km£yw \nÂ¡p¶p. B {]hmNI·mÀ Bcmbncp¶p F¶v sNbvX-Xmbn JpÀ-B³ hyà-am-¡p¶p. Nnet¸mÄ ]dbpw C³
]Tn¸n¡p¶p. ss__nÄ t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨ coXnbnÂ {]hmN ^m³kn tKmkv]enÂ DÅXmWv Cu hN\§sf¶v. A§s\
I·msc sImÅcpXm¯hcmbn ]Tn¸n¡pt¼mÄ JpÀB³ ]d bmsW¦nÂ,- JpÀB³ ss__nfnÂ\n¶v Is«Sp¯v FgpXnbXm
bp¶p, AÃ...-AÃ....-{]hmNI·mscÃmw am\hIpe¯n\mIam\w Wv F¶v hmZn-¡p¶ Bfp-IÄ Bdmw \qämnÂt]mepw C³^m
amXrIm-]cambn Pohn¨hcmsW¶v. ³kn tKmkv]Â Atd_ybnse BfpIÄ D]tbmKn¨ncp¶p
ss__nÄ {]Imcw C{kmCuente¡v Ab¡s¸« {]hmNI sh¶v \½Ä k½Xnt¡nhcpw. AhnsS \½psS Imt\m\ns\
·mcnÂs]« hyIvXnbmb tbip{InkvXp,- \n§fpsS hmZ{]Imcw ¡pdn¨ ]pXnb k¦Â]§Ä hopw IS¶phtcnhcpw. JpÀ
ssZh]p{X³, Cu tbip{InkvXp ss__nÄ {]Imcw BZyambn B³ Cukm (u)sb¡pdn¨v hfsc kpµcamb Nn{Xw \ÂIp
{]hÀ¯n¨ AXv`pXw Im\mbnse IeymWhncp¶nÂ ]¨sh ¶p. F´mWv At±lw BZyambn AXv`pXw sNbvXXv. amXmhn
Åw hoªm¡n amänb AXv`pXamWvv. \n§Ä¡nXv ]nSn¡p¶nÃ s³d Nmcn{Xy¯nÂ kwibw {]ISn¸n¨ P\§fpsS ap¼nÂ
AtÃ?- þ \½Ä¡n-Xv ]dbpt¼mÄ ]nSn¡p¶nÃ. tbip{InkvXp AÃ!- AÃ!- Fs³d amXmhv XnI¨pw AXv`pXIcambn ssZhnI
hns³d t]cnÂ AXv ]dbpIbpw sN¿mw. Fs´mcp IjvSw! amb A\p{KlwsImv KÀ`nWnbmbXmWv F¶v sXfnbn¨p
tbip {InkvXphns³d t]cnÂ AXv Btcm]n¡mw. B sXäv sImv sXm«nenÂ \n¶v kwkmcn¡p¶ Ip«nbmbn. AtXka
Btcm]n¡mw. ]t£, \½Ä¡v AXv CjvSs¸Sp¶nÃ. CsX´m bw,- ss__nÄ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv Im\mbnse IeymWhncp
Wv?- AXmWv ]dbp¶X,-v\½Ä¡v CjvSs¸Sm¯ Hcp Imcyw ¶nÂ ]¨shÅw aZyam¡nb hyIvXnbmbn!- BZys¯ AXv`pXw
tbip{InkvXp Hcn¡epw sNbvXn«nÃ. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶ BZy AXmWv. AXpsImmWv Rm³ ]dªXv. \n§sf {]bmks¸
s¯ AXv`pXw F´mWv?- JpÀB\nÂ ]dbp¶ BZys¯ AXv Sp¯m³ thnbÃ. At¸mÄ JpÀB\nÂ ]dbp¶psh¶pÅ
`pXw;- tbip {InkvXphns³d amXmhmb I\ymadnb KÀ`nWnbm XpsImmWv Imcy§Ä \½Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv. AXÃmsX
Ip¶p. KÀ`nWnbmbXn\p tijw {]khn¡p¶p. {]khn¨n«v ss__nfnÂ ]dªpsh¶pÅXpsImÃ. ss__nfnse Bi
Ipªns\bpambns¡mv Xs³d kaql¯nte¡v Cd§nhcp b§Ä¡v,- ss__nfnse ]cmaÀi§Äs¡Ãmw apIfnepÅ Hcp
¶p. Cu kab¯v kaql¯nse {]amWnamÀ IS¶ph¶p sIm kwc£Wambns¡mmWv JpÀB³ kvYnXnsN¿p¶Xv. F´m
Wv ssZhw AhXcn¸n¨Xv F¶pÅXv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¨pXcp¶p R§fpsS principle AÃ. AXpsImv Rm³ ]mkväÀ jmPnsb
v F¶mWv a\-Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. hotäm sNbvXncn¡p¶p'.-
tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv bq\pkv. t\cs¯ tPm¬k¬ kmÀ tNmZyw: Fs³d t]cv amXyp, s]cp¼mhqÀ, km[mcWKXn
]dªp;- Alkymhv cmPmhv cmPhmgvN XpS§nb-t¸mÄ- At±l- bnÂ {]hmNI³ F¶v ]dbp¶Xv `mhn Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v ]d
¯n-¶v 42 hbÊmbncp¶psh¶v. ANv-O³ acn¨v Ipd¨pIme§ tbp¶ Imcy§Ä ]dbp¶ Hcmfns\bmWv. t\ml, tami,-
Ä¡ptijw--þ B- I-mew ]dªnÃ. F¶mÂ ChnsS ]dbp¶Xv ZmhoZv apXemb {]hmNI·mscÃmw sXänÂ AIs¸«pt]mbn«p
Alkymhv cmPhmgvN XpS§nbt¸mÄ 22 hbÊmbncp¶psh ÅhcmWv. F¶mÂ AIs¸Sm¯h\mbn HcmÄ am{Xsa Dm
¶m-Wv-. GXmWv ss__nfnse bmYmÀYyw?- CXnÂ GXmWv bncp¶pÅq. DÅq Ct¸mgpw. AXv IÀ¯mhmb tbip{InkvXp
Rm³ AwKoIcnt¡Xv?- cmwZn\ hr¯m´w 22þmw A[ymb am{XamWv. tbip{InkvXphns\ R§Ä {]hmNI³ F¶v AwKo
¯nem-W-nXp- ]dbp-¶-Xv.--- Icn¨n«nÃ, ssZhw F¶mWv R§Ä AwKoIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
adp]Snþ hÀKokv kmaphÂ: Cu tNmZy¯n\v ChnsS A§s\bmWv R§tfmSv ]dªncn¡p¶Xpw. F¶mÂ _m¡n
D¯cw ]dªXmWv. CXn\nS¡v Hcp ImcywIqSn ]dtªms« bpÅhscÃmwþ apl½Zv DÄs¸sS FÃmhcpwþ sXänÂ AIs¸
thZ]pkvXIw ]Tnt¡Xvþ ap¼v AIv_À kmln_v ]dªXp «pt]mbn«pÅhcmWv. tbip{InkvXphns³d \nehmc¯nte¡v
t]mse, ss__nÄ ]Tnt¡Xv apkvenwIÄ ]Tn¡p¶Xpt]m Chcmcpw DbÀ¶n«nÃ. Dbcms\m«v km[yhpaÃ. tbip{InkvXp
sebÃ. {InkvXym\nIfmb R§Ä ]Tn¡p¶Xpt]mse ss_ hns\ R§Ä ssZh]p{Xs\¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ ss__nfns³d
_nÄ ]Tn¡Ww. F¦nte ss__nÄ ]Tn¨mÂ a\ÊnemI¯p ssZhnIX AXns³d IqsS shfns¸Sp¶pv. tbip{InkvXp kw
Åq.- am{XaÃ,- Cu ssZhhN\¯nse {]hN\s¯¡pdn¨v ]d kmcn¨sXÃmw, tbip{InkvXp ap³Iq«n ]dª Imcy§sfÃmw,
ªt¸mÄ AXn-s\-mcp hniZoIcWw \ÂtIXv- Bhiyam tbip{InkvXp sNbvXImcy§sfÃmw tbip{InkvXphns³d ssZ
sW¶v F\n¡v tXm¶n. ChnsS tbiq{InkvXphns\¡pdn¨pÅ hXzs¯ shfns¸Sp¯p¶p. tbip{InkvXphns\ kw_\v[n¨v
]e {]hN\§fpw FSp¯v ]dªt¸mÄ... AXv ]ivNm¯e FgpXnbn«pÅXmb ]pkvXI¯nÂ- tbiphns³d PohNcn{X
hpambn _\v[s¸«XmWv. AXn\v Hcp Xncp¯v Xmsg ]dbp¶p s¯¡pdn¨v sXäpIsfm¶pw Nqn¡mWn¡m\nÃ. IÀ¯mhn
v. ImcWw sXän²cn¡s¸Sm³ km[yXbpÅ Hcp.... (Fw.Fw. s³d kIe {]hr¯nIsfbpw FgpXn sh¨ncn¡p¶Xmbn«pÅ
AIv_dn\pÅ adp]Sn t]mse {]kwKn¨pXpS§nbXn\mÂ Cu ]pkvXIw ssZhnIw Xs¶bmWv.
thZnbnÂ hmKzmZw \S¡p¶p. HSphnÂ tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v
Fgpt¶äpsImv ]dbp¶p) "{]iv\w CXmWv. Rm³ ]dª adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_À): tNmtZym¯c¯n\pÅ thZnbm
Hcp Imcy¯n\v ankväÀ AIv_À directly adp]Sn ]dªp. AXv Wn-Xv.- A`n{]mb {]IS\§Ä¡pÅ thZnbÃ. A§s\bmsW
]dbm³ ]mSnÃmsb¶v Rm³ appeal sNbvXp. AXpIgnª ¦nÂ FÃmhÀ¡pw At§m«pw Ct§m«pw A`n{]mb {]IS\§
t¸mÄ ankväÀ AIv_À Rm³ ]dª H¶n\pw adp]Sn ]d Ä \S¯mw. kplr¯v H¶pw tNmZn¨n«nÃ. aäpÅ {]hmNI·m
ªnÃ. Fs³d IqsSbpÅ ]mkväÀ jmPn ]dbp¶p R§Ä¡pw scÃmw sXäv sNbvXn«pv. tbip{InkvXp sXäv sNbvXn«nÃ.
AXpt]mse Hcp {]mhiyw \nbaw ewLn¡m³ A\phZn¡W tbip{InkvXp {]hmNI\Ã. {]hmNI\mbn«Ã \½Ä hnNmcn
sa¶v.- Rm³ ]mkvädnt\¡mÄ senior BbXpsImv A-Xv- com- ¡p¶Xv- F-s¶m-s¡-bmWv- ]-d-ª-Xv.- ]t£, tbip{InkvXp
pletely hotäm sN¿p¶p. HcmÄ ewLn¨XpsImv atäbmÄ kzbw {]hmNI\msW¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. tbip{InkvXphns³d
ewLn¡Wsa¶nÃ. cpt]cpw equal BIp¶nÃ. tit for tat injy·mÀ {]hmNI·mcmsW¶mWv IcpXnbXv. At¸mkvXe
·mÀ tbiphns\ ssZhZmk\mbn«mWv IcpXnbXv. CsXÃmw tbiphns\¡pdn¨v am{XaÃ ss__nfnÂ ssZh]p{X³ F¶v
ss__nfnÂ DÅXmWv. a¯mbnbpsS kphntijw- 10þmw A[ym ]dªn«pÅXv. hniZambn NÀ¨ sNt¿XmW-n-X-v. \n§Ä
b¯nÂ 58þmw hN\¯nÂ tbip kzbw {]hmNI\mbn«mWv FSp¯v ]cntim[n¡m³ thn Nne hN\§Ä ]dªpXcmw.
]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. AXp-t]mse Xs¶ injy·mÀ tbiphn ]pd¸mSv \memw A[ymb¯nse 22þmw hN\¯nÂ C{kmCuÂ
s\¡pdn¨v ]dªXv þeqt¡mkns³d kphntijw 24þmw A[ym \½p-sS- ssZh]p{Xs\¶v ]dªn«pv. k¦oÀ¯\w cmw
b¯nse 19þmw hN\¯nÂ- "Ah³ ssZh¯ns³dbpw a\pjycp A[ymb¯nse Ggmas¯ hN\¯nÂ ZmhoZv ssZh¯ns³d
sSbpw ap¼nÂ iIvX\mb {]hmNI³'-F¶mWv. AXp-t]mse ]p{X³ F¶v ]dªn«pv. AtXt]mse bncaym {]hmNIs³d
Xs¶ tbiphns\¡pdn¨v At¸mkvXe·mÀ a\Ênem¡nbXvþ 31þmw A[ymb¯nse Ggmas¯ hN\¯nÂ F{^bnw ssZh
At¸mkvXe{]hr¯nIÄ aq¶mw A[ymb¯nse 13þmwhN\w- ¯ns³d ]p{Xs\¶v ]dªn«pv. At¸mÄ ssZh¯ns³d ]p
þA{_lmans³dbpw- CkvamCuens³dbpw CkvlmJns³dbpw {X³ F¶pÅ ]Z{]tbmKwsImv am{Xw B ]p{X³ F¶pÅ
\½psS ]qÀh {]hmNI·mcpsSbpw ssZhw Ahs³d Zmk\mb AÀYw hcp¶nÃ. adn¨v F´mWv C{kmCuÂ ssZh]p{X³ F
tbiphns\ alXzs¸Sp¯nsb¶mWv. tbip Zmk\mWv F¶v ¶pÅXpsImv IcpXnbsX¶v \½Ä a\Ênem¡Ww. tbip
At¸mkvXe·mÀ a\Ênem¡n. injy·mÀ tbip {]hmNI\m kzbw a\pjy]p{X\msW¶mWv ]dªXv. tbip kzbw a\p
sW¶v a\Ênem¡n. tbip kzbw {]hmNI\msW¶v ]dªp. jy ]p{X³ F¶v ]dªXv ss__nfnÂ DS\ofw ImWm³ Ign
]t£, R§Ä AwKoIcn¡nÃmsb¶mWv. AhnsSbmWv {]iv bpw. At¸mÄ F\n¡v kqNn¸n¡m\pÅXv Fs´¶psh¨mÂ
\w. tbip F´mtWm kzbw ]dªXv, tbip F´mtWm {] tNmtZym¯c¯nte¡v IS¡pI. \½sfÃmhcpw kphntij
Jym]n¨Xv,-tbip F´mtWm ]Tn¸n¨Xv AXv ]n´pScpI F¶p {]kwK¯n\pw JpÀB³ ¢mkn\pwthn CXns\ D]tbmKs¸
ÅXmWv Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. AXmWv hyXymkw. FÃm Sp¯nbmÂ ImcyanÃ. hnjbhpambn _\v[s¸« tNmZy§Ä
{]hmNI·mcpw Htct]mse sXäpIfnÂ \n¶pw apIvXcmbncp¶p tNmZn¡pI. D¯cw ]dbs«. tPm¬k¬ kmÀ ]dbs«. Cu
sh¶pÅXmWv C-ke v- mw- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶X
- v.-- (tNmZyIÀ¯mhv CS¡p ]m\enÂ\n¶v R§fpw ]dbmw. AXÃmsX \½Ä Hmtcmcp¯
Ibdn tNmZyw tNmZn¡m³ Hcp§p¶p) kplr¯v tNmZy¯n\v cpw kphntij {]kwK¯n\pthn {ian¨mÂ, AsÃ¦nÂ JpÀ
D¯cw tIÄ¡pI;- AhnsS Ccn¡pI. ho-pw- Ahkcw Ds B³ ¢mkn\pthn {ian¨mÂ \S¡nÃ. AXv KpWIcamInÃ.
¦nÂ \n§Ä¡v tNmZn-¡m-ambn-cp-¶p. ]t£, AhkcanÃ. ChnS adn¨v tNmZy§Ä tNmZn¡s«.- D¯c§Ä C³im AÃm ChnsS
s¯ \nbaw AXmWv. \nba {]Imcw cmaXv Ahkcw sImSp \n¶v e`n¡pw. D¯cw ]dbpt¼mÄ \½Ä AklnjvWpX Im
¡m³ \n-Àhm-l-anÃ. AXp sImmWv. Wnt¡. tbip ssZh]p{X\Ãmsb¶mWv Rm³ hnizkn¡p
¶Xv. AXv kvYm]n¡m³ F\n¡v kzm`mhnIambn«pw A[nImc
(tNmZyIÀ¯mhv hopw CSs]Sp¶p) apv, AhImiapv. AXv Rm³ ss__nfns³dbpw JpÀB\n-
"_m¡nbpÅhscsbÃmw {]hmNI·mcmbn«v AwKoIcn¨m s³dbpw ASnkvYm\¯nÂ kvYm]n¡pw. ChnsS Fń\mWv
epw tbip{InkvXphns\ {]hmNIs\¶v am{Xw AwKoIcn¨mÂ AklnjvWpX?- AXv kvYm]n¡p¶Xv tI«p\nÂ¡pI. \n§
t]mc, tbip{InkvXp ]t{Xmknt\mSv tNmZn¨p: Fs¶¡pdn¨v Ä¡v tNmZn¡m³ AhImiaps¦nÂ F\n¡v D¯cw ]d
a\pjy³ F´v ]dbp¶p?- ]t{Xmkv ]dbp¶p: \o Poh\pÅ bm\pw AhImiapv. AXv \n§Ä tI«ncn¡Ww. ]n¶oSv ASp
ssZh¯ns³d ]p{X\mb {InkvXp.'- ¯ tNmZy¯nÂ F´mWv hniZoIcn¡m\pÅXv AXv ]dbWw.
adp]Sn: AsX, tbiphns³d ssZhXz¯nte¡v t]mhpIbm AXmWv Hcp kwhmZ¯ns³d ssien. \½Ä AklnjvWp¡
Wv \½psS NÀ¨. NÀ¨bpsS kabw IqSpw. AXmWv {]iv\w. fmImXncn¡pI.
A[y£³: Zbhmbn«v AIv_À kmln_v HmÀan¸n¨Xpt]m F¶mÂ cmas¯bmÄ independently charge FSp¯Xns\
se \½Ä hnjbw hn«v tNmZy§Ä þD¯c§Ä sN¿mXncn¡p ¡pdn¨v asämcp age ]dbpw. A§s\ H¶v imapthÂ, cv im
IbmWv \ÃXv. ss__nfns³d ssZhnIX F¶ hnjb¯nÂ apthÂ, H¶v cmPm¡·mÀ, cv cmPm¡·mÀ, H¶v Zn\ hr¯m
am{Xw tI{µoIcn¨v \nÂ¡m³ {i²n¡m³ A`yÀYn¡p¶p. ´w, cv Zn\hr¯m´wþ CXnÂ dates ]dbpt¼mÄ C§s\bp
tNmZyw: _lpam\s¸« tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v kmdnt\mSv Å,- \ap¡v s]s«¶v conflict BsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]e cases
tNmZn¡m\pÅXv. cmw cmPm¡·mcnÂ 26þmw hN\¯nÂ Dv. AXv AhcpsS social practices s³d result BWv. hopw
C§s\ ]dªp: Alkymh-v hmgv-N -XpS§nbt¸mÄ Ah\v AhcpsS social practice F¶v ]dªp IgnªmÂ HcmÄ `cWw
22 hbÊmbncp¶p. AXnÂ I¬^yqj³ DmtI Bhiy GÂ¡pt¼mÄ Nnet¸mÄ Hcp {]mbambncn¡pw. Gäv Ht¶m
anÃ. AtXImcywXs¶ Zn\hr¯m´w 22þmw A[ymb¯nÂ ]d At©m, ]t¯m hÀjw Ignbpt¼mgmbncn¡pw independent
ªp: Alkymkv hmgv-N- XpS§nbt¸mÄ Ah\v 42 hbÊmbn Bbn«v X\n¡v `cWw In«p¶Xv. At¸mÄ asämcp {]mbambncn
cp¶p. Hcp kvYe¯v 42 hbÊpw asämcp kvYe¯v 22 hbÊpw. ¡pw. CXv cpw IqSn mention sN¿pt¼mÄ conflict Ds¶v
CXv hyIvXamb sshcp[yamWv. CXn\v Fs´¦nepw clarifica- Nnń¡p¶Xv background t\m¡m¯Xns³d ImcWw sIm
tions thWsa¦nÂ tNmZn¡mhp¶XmWv. Ccp¶Xn\ptijw ho mWv. BhiyanÃm¯ confusion \p-w- AXns\¡pdn¨pÅ re-
pw tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ kZÊ-yÀ CSs]tSnhcpw. peated question \pw- h¶v time waste B¡-c-p-Xv.- Hcp particu-
lar stage h¶t¸mÄ blqZ·mÀ cmbn«v split sNbvXp. hS¡³
adp]Sn (tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v): Thank you my dear B³dv sX¡³ km{amPy§fmbn«v amdn. ChÀ cpw cv coXn
young friend Ct¸mgmWv tNmZyw clear BbXv. Thank you very
bnepÅ Calenders BWv D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. AXpt]mseXs¶
much. ]mkväÀ jmPn ChnsS ]dª Hcp Imcyapv. ss__nÄ
Hcp cmjv{S¯nÂ HcmÄ `cWw start sN¿pt¼mÄ AXv first
hymJym\n¡pt¼mÄ AXnt³dXmb Hcp hymJym\ imkv{Xap year Bbn«v consider sNbvXp. aäpÅ hÀ zero year Bbn«v
v. AXns³d IqsS Hcp Imcyw IqSn Rm³ tNÀ¡s«. ss__n consider sNbvXp. B ]ivNm¯ew \mw a\Ênem¡msX just
fnse Ncn{X ]pkvXI§Ä hmbn¡pt¼mÄ AXnÂ Hcp Ncn{X numbers am{Xw t\m¡n¡gnªmÂ Cu coXnbnepÅ confu-
]ivNm¯eapv. AXpIqSn H¶v t\m¡nbmÂ \¶mbncn¡pw.
sion DmIpw. CXv hfsc detailed Bbn«v workout sNbvXn«p
A¶s¯ Ime¯v ]e cmPm¡·mcpw Hcp certain {]mb¯nÂ
`cWw XpS§pIbpw asämcp {]mb¯nÂ cmPym`ntjIw \S¡p ÅXmWv. main ImcWsas´¶psh¨mÂ `cWw XpS§nbXpw
Ibpw sNbvXXmbn«pÅ kw`hapv. CXv am{XaÃ, ]e kw`h `cWw GäXpw cmPym`ntjIhpsa-Ãmw ]ecpsSbpw casesÂ ]e
ages emWv. A§s\bpÅ Hcp confusionam{XamWnXv.
§fpw ]gb \nba¯nepv. especially cmPm¡·mcnÂ ]dªn
«pÅ Imcyhpw AXpIgnªn«v Zn\hr¯m´¯nÂ ]dªn«pÅ A[y£³: tNmtZym¯cw ChnsS Ahkm\n¡p¶p.
Imcyhpw X½nepw dates s³d difference Rm³ Xs¶ FSp¯p hnjbmhXcW¯ns³d ]ivNm¯e¯nÂ {ioam³ hÀKokv
ImWn¡mw. AXns³d ImcWanXmWv. ]e cases epw Hcp {]mb Fw. kmaphÂ R§fpsS `mK¯p\n¶v conclude sNbvXpsImv
¯nÂ AhÀ cmPyw `cn¡m³ XpS§n. asämcp {]mb¯nemWv Nne remarks \S¯pw. AXn\ptijw {ioam³ Fw.Fw. AIv_À
cmPym`ntjIw \S¯p¶Xv. thsd Nne cases Â A¸\pw aI\pw conclusion ]dbpw. cpt]cpw kabw divide sNbvsXSp¡pw.-
AsÃ¦nÂ A¸\pw A\ćh\pw, A½m¨\pw A\ćh\pw IrXyw F«paWn¡v Cu ]cn]mSn \ap¡v Ahkm\n¸n¡msa¶v
AsÃ¦nÂ relatives Htckabw `cn¨ cases Dv. A§s\hcp {]Xo£n¡p¶p. klIcWw {]Xo£n¡p¶p.
t¼mÄ AhÀ `cWw XpS§nbXns\¡pdn¨v Hcp age ]dbpw.
D-]-kw-lm-cw-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 142 D-]-kw-lm-cw- 143
hÀKokv Fw. kmaphÂ
ss__nfns³d ssZhnIXsb¡pdn¨pÅ Cu kwhmZ¯nÂ

tNmtZym¯c§Ä \opt]mbmÂ C¶v apgph³ ChnsS \mw
Ccnt¡nhcpw. FÃmhÀ¡pw AhcptSXmb answers Dv.
]t£, A§s\ \opt]mbmÂ F§pw F¯m³ km[n¡nÃ.
R§Ä t\cs¯ ]dª kabw \nivNbw F«paWnbmWv. C
t¸mÄ ChnsS tNmZn¨ tNmZy§Äs¡Ãmw s]mXphnsemcp ans
wer ]dªn«pv. AXpsImv Hmtcmt¶mtcm¶v FSp¯v Bh
À¯n¨v ]dbm³ Ct¸mÄ {ian¡p¶nÃ. cv `mK¯p\n¶pw
CXv conclude sNbvXv \nÀ¯msa¶pÅ Hcp Xocpam\w h¶Xp
sImmWv conclusion `mKt¯¡v hcp¶Xv. ss__nfns³d
ssZhnIX F¶ hnjbs¯¡pdn¨v tUm. tPm¬k¬ kn. ^n
en¸v ]e arguments Dw apt¶m«psh¨n«pv. AXv Iqe¦pjambn
]Tn¡p¶ HcmÄ¡v B \nebnÂþ H¶pIqSn BhÀ¯n¨v ]d
bp¶p JpÀB³ ho£W¯neÃþ At±lw ]dª ]e argu-
ment IfpsS shfn¨¯nÂ thZ]pkvXI¯ns³d B[nImcnIX
tbtbm ssZhnIXtbtbm tNmZyw sN¿phm³ aXnbmb sXfnhp
IÄ \nc¯phm³ IgnbnÃ F¶pÅXmWv CXphscbpÅ {]`m
jW¯nÂ\n¶v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv.
Cu `mKw ]dªv Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v AXn{][m\
amb H¶pcv Imcy§Ä ]dbpIbmWv. Cu NÀ¨ C§s\
]dªmÂ \op \op t]mIpw. F¶mÂ \n§Ä¡v ChnsS
]dªn«pÅ hnjb§sf¡pdn¨v kzbw ]Tn¡phm\pw Xocpam\ CXv a\Ênem¡msXbmWv ]gb \nba¯ns³d {]hN\§Ä
saSp¡phm\papÅ Ahkcw \n§fpsS ap¼nepv. AXpsImv B sXm«Sp¯ Bsf¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶p F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. CXn\v
\n§Ä sNt¿ Hcp Imcyw ss__nÄ ss__nfnt³dXmb thZ]pkvXIw Xs¶bmWv hymJym\w sImSp¡p¶Xv. IÀ¯m
shfn¨¯nÂ\n¶psImv ]Tn¡pI F¶pÅXmWv. ss__nfn hns³d IqsS\n¶ injy·mtcmSv tbip{InkvXp ]dªXv
Â ]gb, ]pXnb \nba§Ä cv `mK§fpv. cv kwkvImc "tamsi XpS§n k¦oÀ¯\§fnepw {]hmNI ]pkvXI§fn
§fpv. AXns³d ]ivNm¯e¯nÂ\n¶v thÀXncns¨Sp¯v epw Fs¶¡pdn¨v FgpXnbncn¡p¶p F¶mWv'. At¸mÄ tbip
ssZhhN\§sf ]Tn¡pI F¶p]dªmÂ; Rm³ C§s\ {InkvXp ]dª B B[nImcnI {]kvXmh\ DÂ]¯n]pkv
tI«n«pv: 'text without context is a protest' Hcp ]ivNm¯e¯n XIw apXÂ amemJn hscbpÅ FÃm Xncpshgp¯pIfnepw
Â \n¶v Hcp`mKw amänsbSp¯v AXns\ hymJym\n¨mÂ AXv tbiphns\¡pdn¨pÅXmbn ImWmw. AXv a\Ênem¡Wsa
ZpÀhymJym\amWv. At¸mÄ A§s\ sN¿msX hnip² Xncp ¦nÂ thZ]pkvXIw FgpXnbXns³d Dt±iy¯nepw AXns³d
shgp¯ns³d ]ivNm¯e¯nÂ AXv hymJym\n¡phm\pw ]Tn ]ivNm¯e¯nepw \mw a\Ênem¡Ww. FhnsS\ns¶¦nepw
¡phm\pw Rm³ \n§tfmSv Blzm\w sN¿p¶p. Hcp hmIyw FSp¯n«v AXv A§s\bÃmsb¶v hymJym\n¡m³
AXv sN¿pt¼mÄ \n§Ä HmÀ¯ncnt¡ Hcp {][m\ Im \ap¡v AhImianÃ. JpÀB³ hymJym\n¡pt¼mÄ AXns\m
cyw, thZ]pkvXI¯nÂ [mcmfw {]hN\§fpv; tbiphns\ cp ]ivNm¯eapv. AXns³d ]n¶nÂ AXns³d kw`h§fp
¡pdn¨pÅXv. Bbnc¡W¡n\v {]hN\§Ä. \nhÀ¯oIcn¡ v. AsXms¡sh¨v hymJym\n¨nsÃ¦nÂ `b¦c- a¯cw
s¸« {]hN\§Ä. AXv ChnsS Hmtcmt¶mtcm¶v FSp¯v ]d ]eXpw \ap¡v tXm¶pw. AXpt]mseXs¶ ss__nÄ {]hN\
bm\pÅ kabw \½fpsS ap¼nenÃ. tbiphns\¡pdn¨v Hcp §Ä hymJym\n¡pt¼mÄ C¡mcy§Ä a\Ênem¡n hymJym\n
{]hN\sa¦nepw Dtm F¶v tNmZn¨mÂ, AXv ss__nÄ hn ¡phm³ Rm³ A`yÀYn¡pIbmWv.
izkn¡p¶ FÃm a\pjycpw AwKoIcn¡p¶ Hcp kXyamWv. Rm³ Fs³d hm¡pIÄ \o«ns¡mpt]mImsX Ahkm\n
\qdpIW¡n\v {]hN\§Ä tbip{InkvXphnÂ \ndthdnbXv ¸n¡s«. ktlmZc§tf, Hcp Imcyw kXyamWv. a\pjyhÀK
]pXnb \nba¯nÂ A£cmÀY¯nÂ FgpXnsh¨n«pv. AXv ¯n\v ssZhw c£¡v \ÂInb GIamÀKw tbip{InkvXphmWv.
\½Ä a\Ênem¡Ww. AXv ]Tnt¡ Hcp ImcyamWv. ss_ AXv AwKoIcn¨mepw AwKoIcn¨nsÃ¦nepw AsXmcp kXyam
_nfnÂ tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ {]hN\§Ä¡v cv Bib Wv. ss__nfnÂ ]dbp¶p: "FÃm a\pjycpw ]m]nIfmWv'.
§fpv. AXns³d immediate Bb Bib¯nÂ Hcp AÀYap ]m]nIfmb a\pjyÀ¡vv ssZhsamcp¡nb amÀKw IÀaamÀKaÃ.
Xn\v. Zqchym]Iambn AXns\mcp Bibapv. Cu Nn´ IÀaamÀKw a\pjys\ c£n¡p¶nÃ. hnizmk¯mÂ a\pjy
a\ÊnÂsh¨psImpthWw \½Ä ]Tn¡m³. AXn\v Hcp hÀK¯ns³d ]m]¯n\v ]cnlmcw hln¨psImv 2000 hÀj
DZmlcWw ]dªmÂ ZmhoZnsâ k¦oÀ¯\w 22Â H¶nÂ §Ä¡v ap¼v ssZhw Cu `qanbnÂ AhXcn¨v a\pjy\mbn ]nd
]dbp¶p: ""Fs³d ssZhta, Fs³d ssZhta \o Fs¶ ssIhn ¶v a\pjyhÀK¯ns³d ]m]§Ä GäpsImv Ipcnint·Â
«sX´v''. B hm¡v hmkvXh¯nÂ A£cmÀY¯nÂ \ndthdp Ibdn. AXn{IaImcnIÄ¡pthn Hcp ]m]]cnlmc _en
t¼mÄ ZmhoZns³d PohnXhpambn _\v[s¸« Hcp kw`hamWv. bmbn XoÀ¶psImv Ah³ Ipäsam¶pw sNbvXn«nÃ. ]t£,
F¶mÂ {]hN\mXvamhnÂ ]pXnb \nba¯nÂ hcpt¼mÄ AXv \½psS AXn{Iaw \nan¯w apdnthäpw \½psS AIrXy§Ä
tbip{InkvXphnÂ \ndthdnb Hcp {]hN\amWv. At¸mÄ AXn \nan¯w XIÀ¶pancn¡p¶psh¶v 700 hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v ZoÀ
Â immediate Hcp action Dw Zqchym]Iamb Hcp AÀYhpapv. LZrjvSym sbi¿m {]hmNI³ tbip{InkvXphns³d acW
s¯¡pdn¨v ]dªp. tbip a\pjycpsS ]m]§Ä¡v i¼famb apJmńcw \nXyPoh³ {]m]n¡phm\pw CSbmIt« F¶v hfsc
acWtasäSp¯p. acW¯ns³dbpw ]mXmf¯ns³dbpw iIvXn BXvamÀYambn {]mÀ-Yn-¡p¶p. CXn\v ap³]ńbnÂ\n¶v {]hÀ
Isf ]cmPbs¸Sp¯ns¡mv tbip DbnÀs¯gpt¶äp. AXv ¯n¨ ]e ktlmZc§fpapv. AhtcmSpw Rm³ \µn ]dbpI
Ncn{X kw`hamWv. C¶v `qanbnÂ Pohn¡p¶ aq¶nÂ cv bmWv. CXns³d ]n¶nÂ A[zm\n¨hÀ, CXn\pthn IjvSs¸
a\pjyÀ tbip{InkvXphns³d DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]v F¶ kXyw «hÀ, kabw sNehgn¨v CXn\pthn h¶hÀ, FÃmhtcbpw
hnizkn¡pIbmWv; AXns³d A\p`hkvYcmWv. tbip{InkvXp \µntbmsS kvacn¡pIbpw aäp]e hnjb§fnepw NÀÏÄ
Pohn¡p¶p F¶pÅXv R§fpsS PohnX¯ns³d `mK§fmWv. "Zn {Sq¯n's³dbpw "\n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯n's³dbpw B`napJy¯nÂ
B Hcp A\p`h¯nÂ \n¶psImv Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbmw. s]cp¼mhqtcm aäv FhnsSsb¦neptam sh¨v \S¯phm³ ssZ
a\pjyhÀK¯n\v ssZhw Hcp¡nb GIc£mamÀKw hnip² hw klmbn¡s« F¶v {]mÀYn¡p¶p. FÃmhÀ¡pw lrZbwKa
ss__nfneqsS AhXoÀWambXmWv. a\pjy³ sNbvXpt]mb amb \µn. _lpam\s¸« {io. Fw.Fw. AIv_dn\pw Ahtcm
IÀaImÞ§Ä¡pw t\ÀÏmgvNIÄ¡pw XoÀYmS\§Ä¡pw sSm¸w IS¶ph¶ Soan\pw apkvenw ktlmZc·mÀ¡pw R§fp
]pWyIÀa§Ä¡pw H¶n\pw a\pjys\ c£n¡m³ IgnbmsX sS £Ww kzoIcn¨ph¶ IÀ¯mhns³d ZmktcmSpw FÃm
h¶t¸mÄ ssZhw Xs³d ]p{Xs\ kv{XobpsS ]p{X\mbn«v Ab ktlmZc§tfmSpw hfsc lrZbwKaamb \µn ]dªpsImv
¨v ]m]¯ns³d in£ PU¯n\v Ah\v \ÂIn. ]m]¯ns³d \n§Ä¡v tbip{InkvXphnÂIqSnbpÅ \nXyPoh³ A\p`hn¨v
in£bnÂ \½sf hnSphn¨p. AXv ]Ww apS¡msX, XoÀYmS\w Adnbphm\pw AXv apJmńcw kzÀKw {]m]n¡phm\pw CSbm
\S¯msX, ]pWyIÀaw sN¿msX, tbiphns\ lrZb¯nÂ Is« F¶v {]mÀYn¨psImv Rm³ Fs³d hm¡nÂ\n¶pw hnc
kzoIcn¡p¶ GsXmcp hyIvXn¡pw A\p`hn¡m³ ]äpw. Rm³ an¡p¶p. ssZhw \½sf klmbn¡s«.
]dbp¶Xv XnbdnbÃ. A\p`hamWv. A§s\bpÅ Hcp A\p`
h¯nÂ tbiphns\ lrZb¯nÂ kzoIcn¨ A\p`hapv.
A§s\ \ap¡v \nXyPoh³ {]m]n¡m³ Ignbpw. ss__nÄ
]dbp¶Xv ChnsSsh¨pXs¶ \½Ä¡v \nXyPoh³ {]m]n¡m
³ Ignbpsa¶pÅXmWv.
AXpsImv Fs¶ tIÄ¡p¶ {]nbktlmZc§tf, hnip
² thZ]pkvXI¯nÂ shfns¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ B amäanÃm¯
kXyhpw hgnbpw Poh\pamb tbip{InkvXphns\ lrZb¯n
s³d AÄ¯mcbnÂ kq£n¨psImv acWm\ćapÅ \nXy
Poh³ {]m]n¡phm³ \n§Ä a\Êv Xpd¶v ss__nÄ hmbn
¡pIbpw AXv a\Ênem¡pbpw sNbvXv Hcp§Wsa¶v Rm³
BXvamÀYambn«v A`yÀYn¡pIbmWv. C§s\sbmcp t{]m{Kmw
ChnsS \S¯phm³ henbh\mb ssZhw klmbn¨p. kIe
\ma¯n\pw taemb tbip{InkvXphns³d \ma¯nÂ DbÀ¯p
hm³ ssZhw D¯chv \ÂIn. B \maw \n§Äs¡ÃmhÀ¡pw,
CXv A\p`hn¡phm³ Ignbm¯hÀ¡v A\p`hn¡phm\pw AXv
A{_lmapw tamsibpw tbiphpw bmt¡m_pw, apl½Zpw (e)

]Tn¸n¨ Ckvemw. B Ckvemans³d {]hmNI irwJebpsS
Ahkm\ambn IS¶ph¶ apl½Zv \_n (e); At±l¯neqsS
]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸« Ckvemw. tbip{InkvXp IS¶ph¶t¸mÄ
tamsibpsS BfmsW¶v ]dª ]ptcmlnX·mÀ At±ls¯
\ntj[n¡phm³ k¶²ambXpt]mse apl½Zv (e) IS¶ph¶
t¸mÄ tbip{InkvXphns³d BfmsW¶v ]dª P\§Ä At±
ls¯ \ntj[n¡m³ k¶²ambXv Ncn{Xssh]coXyamWvþ
bYmÀY¯nÂ Ncn{X¯ns³d BhÀ¯\amWv DmbXv F¶
Fw. Fw. AIv_À XmWv bmYmÀYyw. C¯csamcp t{]m{Kmw kwLSn¸n¡pt¼mÄ
"\n¨v Hm^v {Sq¯n's\ kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw AXns³d e£yw
hyIvXamWv. temI¯pÅ a\pjyÀ ssZhnI amÀKZÀi\¯nÂ
AÊemap Asse¡pw hdlva¯pÃmlv \n¶pw AI¶pt]mbn, \cI¯ns³d amÀK¯neqsS \S¶p t]m
ktlmZc·mtc, Rm³ Fs³d kwkmc§sfÃmw XpS§p bns¡mn-cn-¡p-¶p. AhÀ \nXy\mi¯nte¡v B]Xn¨psIm
t¼mÄ AÊemap Asse¡pw F¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ Fs³d ss{I ncn¡bmWv. AXpsImpXs¶ AhcpsS \nXyPohs³d
kvXh kplr¯p¡sfm¶pw A]cnNnXXzt¯mSp IqSn t\m¡n ]mX ImWn¨psImSp¡pIsb¶ {]hmNI·mÀ apgph\pw \nÀh
¡mtWXnÃ. AXv {InkvXp Ft¸mgpw P\§sf ImWpt¼mÄ ln¨ D¯chmZn¯w; apl½Zn(e)eqsS ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«
]dª ]ZamWv. "\n§Ä¡v kam[m\'sa¶v tbml¶ms³d D¯chmZn¯w, B D¯chmZn¯¯ns³d \nÀhlWw F¶p
kphntijw 20mw A[ymb¯nÂ 21, 22 hN\§fnÂ \n§Ä¡v Å coXnbnÂ am{XamWv C¯csamcp t{]m{KmanÂ ]s¦Sp¡p
ImWm³ Ignbpw. {InkvXp P\§sf ImWpt¼mÄ ]dªXv hm\pw AXns³d kwLmS\¯nÂ ]¦ptNcphm\psaÃmw \n¨v
"\n§Ä¡v kam[m\'sa¶mWv . AÊemap Asse¡pwþ 1 Hm^v {Sq¯ns³d {]hÀ¯IÀ Xocpam\n¨Xv F¶v kqNn¸n¡p
\n§Ä¡v kam[m\w. IbmWv.
ktlmZc·mtc, C¯csamcp t{]m{mKw AÃmlphns³d ktlmZc·mtc, \n§tfmSv FÃmhtcmSpambn F\n¡v kqNn
A\p{Kl¯mÂ \ap¡v kwLSn¸n¡phm³ `mKyw e`n¨ncn¡pI ¸n¡phm\pÅXv; ss__nfns³d ssZhnIXsb Ggv t]mbn³dp
bmWv. XoÀ¨bmbpw {]hmNI·mÀ apgph\pw ]Tn¸n¨, BZw IfpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ Rm³ \ntj[n¡pIbpmbn. H¶ma
apXÂ¡pXs¶bpÅþ BZya\pjy³ apXÂ¡p Xs¶bpÅ Xmbn ss__nfnÂþ {]hmNI·mÀ¡v AhXcn¸n¡s¸« {K\vY
FÃm a\pjyÀ¡papÅ amÀKZÀi\ambn {]hmNI·mcneqsS ¯nÂ þ ]e XhWbpw a\pjycpsS ssIIS¯epIÄ \S¶n«p
AhXcn¸n¡s¸« aXamWv Ckvemw. PohnXs¯ ]qÀWambn v F¶v cmaXmbn B ss__nfnÂ IrXyamb [Àam[Àa
]S¨ X¼pcm\v kaÀ¸n¡pI F¶ amÀKamWv Ckv e mw. hnthN\¯n\v ]äp¶ coXnbnepÅ ]cmaÀi§fÃmbpÅXv
F¶v. aq¶maXmbn Ncn{X]cambn IrXyaÃm¯ ]cmaÀi§Ä
1 ""tb-ip- ]n-s¶-bpw- A-h-tcm-Sv- ""\n-§Ä-¡v- k-am-[m-\w-;- ]n-Xm-hv- F-s¶- A-b-¨-Xp- Dv F¶v, \memamXmbn ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sm¯ {]hN\§Ä
t]m-se- Rm-\pw- \n-§-sf A-b-¡-p-¶p''- F-¶p- ]-d-ª-p- C-§-s\- ]-d-ª- ti-jw-
Dv F¶v. A©maXmbn Aimkv{Xobamb \nch[n ]cmaÀ
i§Ä Dv F¶v. BdmaXmbn \nch[n A_²§Ä IS¶p
Ah³- A-hc
- p-sS- taÂ- Du-Xn- A-ht
- cm-Sv- ""]-cn-ip-²m-ßm-hn-s\- {]m-]n-¡p-hn³.''-.- - (tbml-
¶m³- 20:- 21þ22)-

IqSnbn«pv F¶v. GgmaXmbn \nch[n sshcp[y§Ä Dv AXpsImpXs¶ Ahkm\s¯ thZ{K\vYamb ]cnip²
F¶v. C§s\ Ggv t]mbn³dpIfpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ ss_ JpÀB³; AXns³d kwc£W¯ns³d D¯chmZn¯w {kjv
_nfns³d ssZhnIXsb tNmZyw sNbvXpsImv Rm³ kwkm Smhmb X¼pcm³ Xs¶ GsäSp¯p. JpÀB\nse 15þmas¯
cn¨Xv \n§fpsS BcpsSbpw hnImcs¯ hrWs¸Sp¯phm³ A[ymbw kqd¯pÂ lnPvdnse 9þmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ \mw
thnbÃ. \½psS a\ÊpIÄ¡I¯v {]XnjvT t\Snbn«pÅ hmbn¡p¶Xv AXmWv. "\mw BIp¶p Cu {K\vYw AhXcn¸n¨n
hnizmk§Ä tbip{InkvXp kwkmcn¨Xpt]mse, aäv {]hmN «pÅXv. \mw Xs¶ AXns\ Im¯pkq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pw'.
I·mÀ kwkmcn¨Xpt]mse Xncp-¯m³ {ian-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Cu {K\vYw k·mÀKmt\zjnIfmb, amÀKZÀi\w tXSns¡mvþ
apl½Zn(e)eqsS AhXcn¸n¡s¸« thZ{K\vYw ]cnip² JpÀ ssZhnIamÀKZÀi\w A\p[mh\w sNbvXpsImv \nXyPoh³
B³ kXyambn, IrXyambn, kq£vaambn, ka{Kambn a\pjy t\SWsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶ BfpItfmSv ]cnip² JpÀB³
sc \nXyPohnX¯nte¡v \bn¡p¶ {K\vYamWv;- GI{K\vYam ]dªp; JpÀB\nse cmas¯ A[ymbw kqd¯pÂ _Jd
Wv F¶v a\Ênem¡p¶XpsImv B {K\vYs¯ \n§Ä¡v bnse cmas¯ hN\w. CXmWv {K\vYw. kwibsam¶pw th
F¯n¡phm\pw AhXcn¸n¡phm\pw \n§sf B {K\vYs¯ . k·mÀK\njvTcmbn, ssZhnIamÀKZÀi\w A\p[mh\w
¡pdn¨v t_m[ys¸Sp¯phm\pw thnbpÅ Hcp Ahkcw sNbvXpsImv \nXyPoh³ {]m]n¡Wsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶
F¶pÅ coXnbnÂ IqSnbmWv C¯cw t{]m{KmapIfnÂ \mw ap¯Jo§tf, \n§Ä¡pÅ amÀKZÀi\ {K\vYamWv CXv F¶v.
]s¦Sp¡p¶Xv. AXpsImpXs¶ Cu amÀKZÀi\ {K\vYs¯ \nXyPoh³
\nXyPohs\¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼mÄþ FÃm {]hmNI·mcpw ]Tn B{Kln¡p¶, ]S¨X¼pcms\ Ipap«Wsa¶v B{Kln¡p
¸n¨ B \nXyPohs³d amÀKs¯¡pdn¨pXs¶bmWv \ap¡v ¶, acWm\ć PohnX¯nÂ imizX kzÀK¯nÂ {]thin¡
]dbm\pÅXv. tbip{InkvXp ]dªXmbn a¯mbnbpsS kphn Wsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶ BfpIfpsS ap¶nÂ kaÀ¸n¡pIbmWv.
tij¯nÂ Ggmas¯ A[ymb¯nÂ 21þmas¯ hN\¯nÂ \n§Ä ]Tn¡pI. a\Ênem¡pI. DÄs¡mÅm³ km[n¡psa¶v
\mw hmbn¡p¶p: Ft¶mSv IÀ¯msh, IÀ¯msh F¶v hnfn \n§Ä¡v t_m[ys¸Spsa¦nÂ DÄs¡mÅpI.
¡p¶h\Ã, kzÀKkvY\mb Fs³d ]nXmhns³d CjvSw sN¿p F´mWv PohnX¯ns³d Hmtcm cwKt¯¡papÅ ssZhnI
¶h\mWv Ahs³d cmPyamb kzÀKcmPy¯nÂ {]thin¡p amÀKZÀi\§sf¶v ]cnip² JpÀB\pw {]hmNIs³d PohnX
¶Xv F¶v. kzÀKkvY\mb ]nXmhnsâ CjvSw sN¿Ww; PohnX Ncybpw \ap¡v ]Tn¸n¨pX¶n«pv. XoÀ¨bmbpw B PohnX
¯nepS\ofw. Ahs³d CjvS§Ä Fs´ms¡bmWv, Ah\v Ncy, ap¼pÅ {]hmNI·mÀ apgph\pw ]Tn¸n¨ PohnXNcy¡v
Fs´ms¡bmWv CjvSs¸«Xv F¶v ]Tn¸n¡phm\mWv {]hm A\pKpWw Xs¶bmWv. ]cnip² JpÀBs³d ktµiw ap¼p
NI·mÀ AJnew IS¶ph¶Xv. AXn\pXs¶bmWv tbip{Inkv Å thZ{K\vY§Ä¡v A\pKpWamWv; ap³ImeL«¯nÂ IS
Xp IS¶ph¶Xv, apl½Zv (e) IS¶ph¶Xv. ]t£, Fs´ms¡ ¯n¡q«nb Imcy§Ä¡Ã.
bmWv ssZhw X¼pcms³d CjvSw F¶v ]Tn¸n¡phm³ thn ChnsS, XoÀ¨bmbpw Hcp]mSv hnjb§fnÂ; conclusionÂ
IS¶ph¶ {]hmNI·mÀ; B {]hmNI·mcpsS hN\§Ä t]mepw _lpam\y\mb kplr¯v ]dªXnÂ F\n¡v A`n
Imemć¯nÂ ]ptcmlnX·mcpsSþ a\pjycpsS ssIIS¯ep {]mbhyXymkapÅXpv. Rm\Xv hniZoIcn¡phm³ kabw
IÄ¡v hnt[bam¡s¸«XpsImv Xs¶ AXnÂ A_²§Ä an\s¡Sp¯p¶nÃ. AXn\v A\phZn¡s¸« kabw ]cym]vXa
Dmbn. Aimkv{XobXbpmbn, Ncn{Xhncp²amb ]cmaÀi ÃXm\pw. {]hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcW¯ns³d Imcy¯nem
§Ä Dmbn, sshcp[y§Ä Dmbn F¶pÅXmWv kXyw. sW¦nÂ, {]hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWw B ImeL«¯nÂ
Xs¶ kw`hn¨XmWv F¦nepw ]nÂ¡meL«¯nte¡v hen¨n AÀYsa¶v hkvXp\njvTambn Bcv kvYm]n¨mepw AXv kzm
g¡p¶p. kXy¯nÂ F´mWv B hen¨ng¨Xn\v ImcWw? KXw sN¿pIbmWv; ]qÀWamb lrZbt¯mSpIqSn, ]qÀWamb
kphntij IÀ¯m¡Ä tbip{InkvXp ]gb \nba¯nÂ {]h a\tÊmSpIqSn.
Nn¸n¡s¸« {]hmNI\mWv F¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡phm³thn \n¨ns³d, ChnsS kqNn¸n¡s¸« ]pkvXIs¯ JÞn¡p
AhcpsS kz´w ho£W¯nepÅ Hcp tbipIY sa\sªSp ¶ \nch[n KthjW§Ä Dv F¶v ]dªp. B KthjW
¯XmWv AXn\v ImcWw. sbi¿mbpsS {]hN\hpw amemJnbp {]_\v[§Äþ R§fpsS {]kn²oIcWapv. "kvt\lkw
sS {]hN\hpwIqSn Iq«ntbmPn¸n¨v AXv sbi¿mhns³d {]h hmZw'þ Ab¨pXcnIbmsW¦nÂ, hkvXp\njvTamsW¦nÂ,
N\amWv F¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡phm³thn amÀt¡mkv Ifn¨, kvt\lkwhmZ¯nÂ {]kn²oIcn¨v aXXmcXay ]T\¯n
amÀt¡mkv sNbvX Hcp X{´w \½Ä t\cs¯ a\Ênem¡pI s³d; aX{]t_m[\¯nsâ cwK¯v Hcp ]pXnb A[ymbw cNn
bpmbn. CtXt]mseXs¶bmWv Hmtcm Imcy§fpw F¶p ¡phm³ R§Ä k¶²amWv F¶pIqSn R§Ä Adnbn¡p
ÅXmWv bmYmÀYyw. IbmWv. KthjWw \S¯pI, ]Tn¡pI, a\Ênem¡pI, Xmc
AXpsImv ChnsS ss__nfnÂ\n¶v D²cn¨ kab¯v Xay]T\w \S¯pI, ssZhnIamb amÀKZÀi\w Is¯pI,
]et¸mgpw Xosc I®paS¨p sImv A§s\sbm¶pw ss__n \n§fpsS ap¼nÂ ]cnip² JpÀB\ns\ kaÀ¸n¡pIbmWv.
fnÂ CÃ F¶v ]dbp¶ Hcp AhkvYmhntijapmbn. ]cntim \n§fpsS ap¼nÂ kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xns³d `mKambn, \n§Ä ]Tn
[n¨ tijw ]dbWw. tbmt\m {]hmNIs\¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼m ¡Ww \n§Ä a\Ênem¡Ww F¶v A`yÀYn¡p¶Xns³d `mK
Ä tbm\m {]hmNI³ aXvky¯ns³d hbänÂ, ISem\bpsS ambn thZnbnÂ Ccn¡p¶ cv kplr¯p¡Ä¡v ]cnip² JpÀ
hbänÂ aq¶v cmhpw ]Iepw InS¶psh¶v am{XaÃ, AhnsS Bs³d ]cn`mjbpsS Hmtcm tIm¸n \ÂIphm³ B{Kln¡pI
bncp¶v ssZht¯mSv {]mÀYn¨Xmbn FÃmapÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä bmWv. ]ckv]cw hnaÀin¡pIbpw Bib]cambn hnaÀi\
ImWm³ Ignbpw. Poh\pÅ tbm\m {]hmNIs\Xs¶bmWv §Ä \S¯pIbpw sNbvXmepw kvt\lt¯mSpIqSn kulrZ
\½Ä AhnsS ImWp¶Xv. A§s\ Poh\pÅ Hcp ]cmaÀihpw t¯mSpIqSn kmtlmZcyt¯mSpIqSn ]ncnªpt]mhpIbpw
CÃmsb¶v ]dbp¶Xn\v ap¼v IrXyambn ]cntim[n¡pI hopw ]Tn¡pIbpw a\Ênem¡pIbpw \msf ImWpt¼mÄ
F¶XmWv F\n¡v kqNn¸n¡phm\pÅXv. tbml¶ms³d H Nncn¡pIbpw BXvamÀYambn shake hand sN¿pIbpw sNt¿
¶mw teJ\¯nÂ A©mw A[ymb¯nÂ Ggmas¯ hN\¯n hcmWv \½sf¶ t_m[t¯mSpIqSn Xs¶ ]ncnbpI. ]Tn¡pI,
s³d hnjb¯nepw CXpXs¶bmWv kvYnXn. CtXt]msebpÅ a\Ênem¡pI. Cu kµÀ`¯ns³d kvacW¡pthnbpw Cu
\nch[n hN\§Ä bYmÀY¯nepÅ Is¿gp¯v tcJIfnÂ Bib§Ä \n§fpsS ap¼nÂ kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xns³d Hcp {]Xo
CÃmsb¶pÅXmWv hkvXpX. AXmWv kXyw; ]nÂ¡meL« Iambns¡mpw thZnbnencn¡p¶ kplr¯p¡Ä¡v JpÀB
¯nÂ DÅXÃ. AXv \ap¡v hniZambn NÀ¨ sNt¿XmWv. s³d ]cn`mj \ÂIns¡mv Rm³ Fs³d hm¡pIÄ D]kw
Rm³ C¡mcy§sfÃmw ]dbp¶Xv \n§sf Bscbpw thZ lcn¡pIbmWv.
\n¸n¡phm\Ã. adn¨v, \n§Ä IrXyambn, hkvXp\njvTambn AÊemap Asse¡pw.
Imcy§Ä ]Tn¡phm³ thnbmWv. Rm³ Ggv t]mbn³dpIÄ \µn
]dªnS¯v, Rm³ ChnsS D²cn¨ GsX¦nepw D²cWn icnb
Ãmsb¶v, AXv kµÀ`¯nÂ\n¶v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯XmWv F¶v,
AXv IrXyaÃmsX tIzm«v sNbvXXmWv F¶v, AXn\v AXÃ
\-µn-
apl½Zv A\kv
hfscb[nIw AÀYh¯mb cq]¯nÂ Hcp ]pXnb DWÀhv

krjvSn¨psImv Hcp]mSv hnjb§Ä \s½ [cn¸n¡pIbpw A\p-_Ô§Ä-
]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX am\ykplr¯p¡Ä¡v \n¨v Hm^v
{Sq¯ns³d t]cnÂ \µn tcJs¸Sp¯pIbmWv. AtXmsSm¸w Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_À-
ChnsS k¶nlnXcmb apgph³ BfpIÄ¡pw Hähm¡nÂ \µn
{]Imin¸n¨psImv {]mÀY\tbmsS Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶p.
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 156 ^-tdm-hmI-Y ss__n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\nepw 157
A\p-_Ôw 1
^-tdm-hmI-Y ss__n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\nepw
am\p-jn- I
- a- mb Ic-hn-cp-Xp- I
- f- mÂ Hcp thZ-{K-Ù¯ - nÂ F§s\-
bmWv A_-²-§Ä IS-¶vIq-Sp-¶Xv F¶pw- bYmÀ° ssZhnI
{KÙw Cu A-_-²-§Ä F§s\ Xncp-¯p¶psh¶pw a\-Ên-
em-¡m-³ ss__n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\nepapÅ ^tdm-h-am-sc-¡p-dn¨
]cm-aÀi-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ aXn. ss_-_n-fnÂ- ]-e-sc-bpw- ^-
tdm-h-sb-¶v- A-`n-kw-t_m[-\- sN-bv-X-Xm-bn- Im-Wm³- I-gn-bpw-.-
A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e-¯pm-bn-cp-¶- cm-P-m-hn-s\- ]-g-b- \n-b-a-
]p-kv-X-Iw- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶m-Wv.- DÂ-]-¯n-
]p-kv-X-Iw- ]-{´-mw- A-[-ym-b¯nÂ- ]-¯p-ap-XÂ- C-cp-]-Xp-h-
sc- h-N-\-§-fnÂ- A-{_-lm-an-s³d- Im-e-s¯- cm-Pm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v-
B-dv- X-h-W- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶v- ]-d-ªn«p-v.- tbm-k-^n-s³-d- Im-e-
s¯- cm-Pm-hn-s\-bpw- ss_-_nÄ- ^tdm-h-sb-¶m-Wv- hn-fn-¡p-¶Xv.-
DÂ-]¯ - n- ]p-kvX - I- ¯
- n-s³-d- \mÂ-]Xv,- \mÂ-]¯ - n-sbm-¶v- A[ym-
b-§-fnÂ-- tbm-k-^n-s³-d- Im-e-s¯- cmPm-hn-s\- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶v-
A-`n-kw-t_m-[\ - - sN-¿p-¶X
- m-bn- Im-Wmw.- tbm-k^ - n-s³-d- Im-es¯-
cm-Pm-hn-s\- DÂ-]-¯n- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- sXm-®q-dv- X-h-W-bm-Wv-
^-tdm-h-sb-¶v- hn-fn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- tam-ibp-sS- Im-e-s¯- Cu-Pn]v-
Xn-se- cm-Pm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v- ]p-d-¸m-Sv- ]p-kv-XI-¯nÂ- \q-än- C-cp-]
s¯m-¶v- {]m-hi - yw- ^-tdm-hs- b-¶v- {]-tbmKn-¨n-«pv.- Np-cp-¡¯- nÂ-
A-{_-lm-an-s³-d-bpw- tbm-k-^n-s³-d-bpw- tam-i-bp-sS-bp-sa-Ãmw-
Ime-¯v- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- `-cn-¨- cm-Pm-¡-·m-sc- ss_-_n-Ä- ^-tdm-h-
sb¶m-Wv- hn-fn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- Dynasties Dates BC Period Some Royal names

N-cn-{X-]c- a- m-bn- t\m-¡n-bmÂ- Cu- A-`n-kw-t_m-[\ - X
- s- ¶- A_ (approx.) associated with Period
²-am-sW-¶v- Im-Wm³- I-gn-bpw.- 24 - 26 747 - 525 Late Period Piankhy, Taharqa, Psammetichus
Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s³-d- ]u-cm-Wn-I- N-cn-{X-s¯- ap-¸-Xv- cm-P-hw-i-§fp- 27 525 - 404 First Persian Cambyses, Darius, Xerxes,
sS- (Dynasty) Im-e-L-«-§-fm-bn- hn-`-Pn-¨p-sImm-Wv- ]-Tn-¡p-¶Xv.- Period Artaxerxes
{In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- aq-¶v- \q-äm-p-IÄ-¡-v ap-¼v- Po-hn-¨- Cu-Pn-]v-jy³- 28 -30 404 - 343 Dynasties 28 - 30 Amrtaeus, Nepherites, Nectanebo
N-cn-{X-Im-c-\m-b- am-s\-t¯m- (Manetho) X-¿m-dm-¡n-b- cm-Pm-¡·m 34 - 332 Second Persian Artaxerxes, Arses, Darius,
cpsS- ]-«n-I-sb-bm-Wv- ap-¸-Xv- cm-P-hw-i-Im-e-§-fm-bn- Xn-cn-¨n-cn¡p Period Khababash
¶Xv.- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[- tc-J-I-fpw- e-`y-a-Ãm-¯- 3100 _n.-kn-¡p- ap¼p 332-395AD Greco-Roman Alexander the Great, Ptolemy,
-Å- Ime-s¯- "cm-P-hw-i-§Ä-¡v- ap-¼p-Å- Im-e-L-«'-- (Predynastic Cleopatra, Aug Tiberius, Nero,
era) sa¶v- hn-fn-¡p-¶p.- cm-P-hw-i-§-fp-sS- Im-ew- C-§-s\-bm-Wv- Domition.
tc-J-s¸-Sp¯-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nicholas Grimal: A History of Ancient Egypt: Blackwell

Publishers, Oxford.
Dynasties Dates BC Period Some Royal names
(approx.) associated with Period Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- cm-Pm-¡-·m-sc- hn-fn-¡m³- ss_-_nÄ- D-]-tbm-
Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- t]-cm-Wv- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶v- kq-Nn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm.- s]À-þB-
4500-3150 Predynastic (Per-aa) sb-¶- ]-Z-¯nÂ-\n-¶m-Wv- ^-tdm-h-bp-sS- DÂ-]-¯n.- alm-
1&2 3150-2700 Thinite Period Narmer-Menes, Aha,Djer,Hetepse `-h-\w- (Great house) F-¶m-Wv- Cu- ]-Z-¯n-\À-°w.- ^-tdm-h-sb¶v-
khemwy, Peribsen Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- cm-Pm-¡-·mÀ- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-¿-s¸-«p-Xp-S§n-
3-6 2700-2200 Old Kingdom Djoser, Snofru, Khufu (Cheops), b-Xv- F-¶v- ap-XÂ-¡m-Wv?- lmÀ-t]À-kv- ss_-_nÄ- Un-Iv-jv-Wdn-
Khafre(Chephren),Menkauhor, F-gp-Xp-¶-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- "s]À'- F-¶pw- "B'- sb-¶p-ap-Å- cv- Cu-
Teti, Pepy.
Pn-]v-jy³- ]-Z-§-fnÂ-\n-¶m-Wv- Cu- ]-Z- (^-tdm-h)-¯ns³d- DÂ]-
7 - 11 2200-2040 First Intermediate Neferkare, Mentuhotpe, Inyotef ¯n.- ""a-lm-`h - \
- ''-sa-¶m-Wv- Cu- Cu-Pn-]j v- y³- ]-Zk
- a- p- ¨-b¯- ns³d-
11 & 12 2040-1674 Middle Kingdom Ammenemes, Sesostris,Dedumesiu b-YmÀ--°- km-cw.- {I-nk - vX
- p-hn-\v- ap-¼v- aq-¶mw- k-l{- km_vZ- w- apXÂ-
13 - 17 1674-1553 Second Salitis, Yaqub-Har, Kamose, c-mw- k-l{- km-_vZ- ¯ - n-s³-d- BZy- ]-Ip-Xn-hs- c- Cu- \m-aa- p-]tbm-
Intermediate Seqenenre, Apophis Kn-¨n-cp-¶X
- v- cm-Ps- Im-«m-c¯- n-\m-bn-cp-¶p.- ]-Xn-s\-«mw- cm-Ph - w-i¯n-
18 - 20 1552-1069 New Kingdom Ahmose, Amenhotep (Amenophis), se- Xp-Xv-tam-kv- aq-¶m-a-s³-d- (Thutmose III 1504-1450 BC) Im-ew-
Tuthmose (Thuthmosis), Hatshep ap-XÂ- s]-Àþ- B- cm-Pm-hn-s\-¯s- ¶- hn-fn-¡p-¶- \m-aa- m-bn-¯oÀ¶p.-
sut, Akhenaten (Amenophis IV), Tuta C-cp-]-¯n-c-mw- cm-P-hw-i-¯n-se- tim-s-j³-Iv- H-¶m-a-s³-d- (Sho
nkhamen, Horemheb, Seti (Sethos), shenq I 945-924 BC) Im-ew-ap-XÂ- cm-P-\m-a-t¯m-sSm-¸w,- ss__n-
Ramesses, Merenptah
fnÂ- Im-Wp-¶X - p-t]m-se- ^-tdm-hsb-¶v- tNÀ¯v- hn-fn-¡p-¶- k{¼-
21 - 23 1069-747 Third Intermediate Smendes, Shoshenq, Osorkon, Zm-b-ap-m-bn- (D-Zm-:- ^-tdm-hm- tim-sj³-Iv)- (Harper's Bible Dic-
Takelot
tionary Page 781)
tUm.- _m-_p-t]mÄ- X-s³-d- ss_-_nÄ- \n-Lp-hnÂ- ]-d-bp C³- Z- ss_-_n-fn-'-s³-d- ]-£w- (O. Odelain & R. Seguineau: Dic-
¶-Xpw- C-Xp-Xs- ¶-bm-Wv:- - ""^d-thm.- Cu-Pn-]vX - n-se- cm-Pm-hv:- - "alm`- tionary of Proper Names and Places in the Bible. (London 1991)
h-\w'- F-¶-v AÀ-°a- p-Å- H-cp- ]-Z¯ - nÂ-\n-¶-v D-cp-¯n-cn-ª- kvYm\ Page 7 `Àbraham'') Zn- e-b¬- lm³-dv- _p-¡v- äp- Z- ss_-_n-fn-\pw-
-\m-a-am-Wv- ^-d-thm.- {In.-ap.- aq-¶mw- k-l-{km-_v-Zw- ap-X-Â- D-]tbm- G-I-tZ-iw- C-tX- A-`n-{]m-bw-X-s¶-bm-Wp-Å-Xv.- (David Alexan-
K-ap-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n-epw- {In.-ap.- 1500h-sc- B ]Zw cm-Pm-hns\- kqNn- der and Pat Alexander (Ed): The Lion Hand Book to the Bible, (1973-
¸n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã-.- sIm-«m-cw,- UÀ-_mÀ- A-Y-hm- cm-P-k-Z-Êv- F¶m-bncp- Oxford) Page 152, 153) B-[p- \
- n-I- K-th-jW
- §
- f- p-sS- sh-fn-¨¯
- nÂ-
¶p- B-Zy-s¯- AÀ-°w.- hy-Iv-Xn-\m-a-t¯m-sSm-¸w- ^-d-thm- (DZm:- A-{_-lmw- _n.-kn.- 2300\-Sp-¯v- Po-hn-¨p-sh-¶m-Wv- a-\Ê- n-em-¡m³-
^-d-thm- s\-t¡m,- ^-d-thm- tlm-^v-d)- F-¶v- tNÀ-¡p-¶- coXn- I-gn-bp-¶-sX-¶v- "Zn- l-¨n³-k¬-kv- \yq sk©-pd-- n- F³-ssk-t¢m-
{In.- ap- 945 ap-XÂ- Xp-S-§n-''- (tUm.- Un.- _m-_p-t]mÄ-:- th-Z-i_vZ- ]o-Unb'-- ]-d-bp-¶p.- (The Hutchinson New Century Encyclopaedia"
c-Xv-\m-I-cw- ]p-dw- 445).- (1995-Electronic Edition) "Abraham''). _n.-kn.- 2000¯n-\pw- 2300\pan-
]p-Xn-b- cm-Py- X- z- (New Kindom) Im-e¯ - v- ]-Xn-s\-«mw- cm-Phwi- S-bn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e-sa-¶m-Wv {]-kn-²-am-b-
¯n-s³-d- `-cW - I
- m-e¯ - m-Wv- Cu-Pn-]vX
- n-se- cm-Pm-¡· - m-sc- ^tdmh- tIm-fn³- sPw- Un-Iv-jv-W-dn- Hm^v- Zn- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d-bpw- ]-£w-
sb-¶v- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-¿m-\m-cw-`n-¨-sX-¶v- F³-ssk-t¢m]o- (Rev: James L. Dow, Collins Gem Dictionary of the Bible (1985-
Un-b- {_n-«m-Wn-¡-bpw- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶p-v (Encyclopaedia-Elec- Britain) "Abraham'' Page 18) _m-_n-tem-Wn-se- l-ap-d-_n-- ({In:-ap-:-
tronic Edition -Pharoah) Zn- ^-¦v- B³-dv- hm-Kv\ - Â-kv- F³-sskt¢m- 1728þ1686)-bp-sS- k-a-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp-¶p- A-{_-l-m-sa-¶- A-`n-{]mb-
]o-Un-b- (The Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopaedia Infopaedia hpw- In-:- ap-:- 1500\v- A-Sp-¸n-¨m-Wv- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-es- a-¶- as¡
2.0-Electronic Edition-''Pharoah) s\Â-k¬-kv- C-Ãkvt - {S-äU
- v- ss_ ³-kn-bp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-hpw- tUm.- _m-_p-t]mÄ- X-s³-d- th-Z-i_vZ-
_nÄ- Un-Iv-jv-W-dn- (Sr. Herbert Lockyer (General Editor): Nel- c-Xv-\m-I-c-¯nÂ- D-²-cn-¡p-¶p-v- (]p-dw- 50).- F-¶mÂ- B-[p-\n-I-
son's Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1986) ``Pharoah'') Xp-S§ - n-b- B[n- DÂ-J-\-\- K-th-j-W-§Ä- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e-s¯- ]p-d-tIm-«v-
Imcn-I- {K-\v-Y-§-sf-Ãmw- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- ap-¼v- ]-Xn-\-©mw- \q-ämn- sIm-p-t]m-Ip-¶p-sh-¶pw- _n.-kn.- 2300t\m-S-Sp-¯m-bn-cn-¡-Ww-
\v- ap-¼v- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶- ]-Z-{]-tbm-Kw- cm-Pm-¡-·m-sc- A-`n-kwt_m At±-lw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶-sX-¶m-Wv-,- DÂ-J-\-\- tc-J-IÄ \Â-Ip-¶-
[\- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v- \n-e-\n-¶n-cp-¶n-sÃ-¶ h-kv-Xp-X- Aw-KoIcn sX-fn-hp-IÄ- hy-IvX - a- m-¡p-¶s- X-¶pw- \n-ch
- [
- n- K-th-jI
- ·
- mÀ- hyIv-
¡p-¶p-.- X-am-¡n-bn-«p-v.- (Chain Bermant and Michael Weitzman: Ebla: A
Revelation in Archeology (Great Britain 1979) Page 6-184 & Howard
A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e-s¯- C-u-Pn-]v-Xn-se- cm-Pm-hn-s\- ss_
La Fay: "Ebla: Splender of an Unknown Empire'' National Geographic
_nÄ- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶v- hn-fn-¡p-¶p-s-¶v- ]-d-ª-tÃm.- DÂ-]-¯n-
Magazine, December 1978) Np-cp-¡¯ - nÂ,- {In-kX v- p-hn-\v- 1500 hÀj
]p-kvX - I- ¯- nÂ- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- I-Y- hn-iZ- a- m-bn- hn-hc- n-¡p-¶pv-
(11:-26þ25:-18).- F-¶mÂ- F-¶m-Wv- A-t±-lw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶s- X-¶v- hyIv- §Ä-¡v- ap-¼v- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-Wv- A-{_-lmw- F-¶- ]pcm-
X-am-¡p-¶- Ir-Xy-am-b- tc-J-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ã.- Zn- A-¡m-Z-an-Iv- A-tacn X-\- {K-\v-Y-IÀ-¯m-¡-fp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-¯n-\v- hn-cp-²-am-bn- _n.-kn.-
¡³- F³-sskt¢m-]o-Un-b- _n.-kn.- aq-¶mw- k-l{- km-_Zv- ¯ - ns³d- 2300\-Sp-¯- Im-e¯- m-bn-cn-¡W - w- A-t±-lw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶s- X-¶- \nK-
A-ý-¯n-tem- c-mw- k-l-{km-_-vZ-¯n-s³-d- Xp-S-¡-¯ntem- B a-\¯
- n-se-¯m-\m-Wv- B-[p-\n-I- DÂ-J\ - \
- - K-th-jW- §- Ä- \ÂIp-
bn-cn-¡-Ww- A-{_-lmw- Po-hn-¨-sX-¶m-Wv- A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv ¶- hn-h-c-§Ä- \-s½- t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv.-
_n.-kn.- 1850I-fn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e-L-«-sa-¶m- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- c-m-P-hw-i- N-cn-{X-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-Sp-¯n- ]cn-
Wv- "Un-Iv-jv-W-dn- Hm-^v- t{]m-]À s\-bnw-kv- B³-dv- s¹bnk-kv- tim-[n-¨mÂ- B-dp-ap-XÂ- ]-{´-p-h-sc- cm-P-hw-i-§-fp-sS- Im-e
§Ä-¡n-S-bn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Po-hn-X-s-a-¶m-Wv- a\- 324) hn-eyw- \oÂ-kv- h¬- hmfyw- ss_-_nÄ- Isa³-ddn-bpw-- (Willi
Ên-em-Ip-¶-Xv.- B-[p-\n-I- K-th-j-I-·m-cp-sS- A`n-{]m-bw- ]-cn-KWn- am Neil's One Volume Bible Commentary "Genesis: The Story of
¨mÂ- B-dmw- cm-P-hw-i-¯n-s³-d- Im-e-¯m-bn-cn-¡-Ww- (_n.kn.- Joseph'' Page 63) Zn- \yq- sPt-dmw- _n-»n-¡Â- I-a³-d-dn-bp-sa-Ãmw-
2300)- A-{_-lmw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.- A-§-s\-sb-¦nÂ- ]p-cm-X-\- cmP- (The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 37) ap-t¶m-«p-sh-¡p-
Xz- (Old Kingdom) Im-e-¯m-bn-cn-¡pw- A-t±-l-¯n-s³-d- Po-hn- ¶-Xv.- ln-Iv-tkm-kv- hw-i-P-cp-sS- `-c-W-Im-e-¯m-Wv- tbm-k-^n-s³d-
Xw.- C-\n- ]-{´-mw- cm-P-hw-i-¯n-s³-d- Im-e-¯m-Wv- A-{_-lmw- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- B-K-a-\-ap-m-b-sX-¶- Im-cy-¯nÂ- {]-ap-J-cm-b- ss_-
Pohn¨n-cp-¶-sX-¶- ]-g-b- A-`n-{]m-bw- ]-cn-K-Wn-¨m-epw- a-[y-cm-PXz- _nÄ- ]-W-vUn-X-·mÀ-¡n-S-bnÂ- A-`n-{]m-bm-´-c-sam-¶p-an-sÃ-¶
(Middle Kingdom) I-me - ¯
- m-Wv- A-t±lw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶s- X-¶v- am{X- À°w.-
sa- h-cn-Ib- p-Åq.- Cu-Pn-]vX - n-se- cm-Pm-¡· - m-sc- ^-tdm-hs- b-¶v- hnfn- ln-Iv-tk-m-kv- hw-iw- G-Xp-Im-e-¯m-Wv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- `-cn-¨n-cp¶-
¡m-\m-cw-`n-¨-Xv- ]p-Xn-b- cm-P-Xz-Im-e-¯v- ]-Xn-s\-«mw- cm-P-hw-i¯n sX-¶v- kq-Nn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm.- {In.-ap.- 1720þ1550B-Wv- ln-Iv-tkmkv- hw-
s³-d- k-a-b-¯m-sW-¶v- ap-¼v- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-bn-«p-v.- ]-n-s¶-sb-§- i-¯n-s³-d- Im-ew.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- a-[y-cm-P-Xz-Im-e- (Middle King-
s\-bm-Wv- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e-s¯- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se- cm-Pm-hn-s\- dom) am-Wn-Xv.- C-¡m-e¯ - m-Wv- Cu-Pn-]X v- n-te-¡p-Å- tbm-k^ - ns³d-
^-tdm-h-sb-¶v- hn-fn-¡p-I?- A-{_-lm-an-\v- \q-äm-p-IÄ- I-gn-ª-v B-K-a-\-ap-m-b-Xv.- ]-Xn-\-©mw- cm-P-hw-i-¯n-s³-d- Im-e-¯m-bncn-
\n-e-hnÂ-h-¶- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- co-Xn- A-t±-l-¯n- ¡Ww- CXv kw-`-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-I-sb-¶m-Wv- ]-Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bw.-
s³-d- Im-e-¯v- F-§-s\-bm-Wv- D-]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-I?- ^-tdm-h-amcp- ^tdm-hs- b-¶- A-`n-kw-t_m-[\ - m- co-Xn- ]p-Xn-b- cm-Ph
- w-iIm-e¯m-
sS- I-Y- ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ- ss_-_nÄ- kq-£v-a-X- ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶n-sÃ-¶- W-tÃm- B-cw-`n-¨-Xv.- tbm-k-^n-s³-d- Im-e-s¯- cm-Pm-hn-s\- ^tdm-
h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv- \-ap-¡v- C-hn-sS- t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.- h-sb-¶v- ss_-_nÄ- hn-fn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw- A-_-²-am-sW-¶À-°w.-
tbm-k^ - n-s³-d- N-cn-{X-hn-hc- W - ¯ - n-epw- C-tX- {]-iv\ - w- \n-e\nÂ- A-{_-lm-an-s³-db - pw- tbm-k^ - n-s³-db - pw- Im-es- ¯- Cu-Pn-]vjy
¡p-¶p-v.- tbm-k-^n-s³-d- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-te-¡p-Å- h-c-hv- F-¶m-bncp- ³- N-{I-hÀ-¯n-am-sc- ^- t- dm-ha- m-sc-¶v- ss_-_nÄ- A-`n-kw-t_m[\-
¶p?- ss_-_n-fn-se- kw-`-h- hn-h-c-W-§-fp-sS- sh-fn-¨-¯nÂ- -lnIv sN-¿p-hm-\p-Å- Im-c-W-sa-´m-Wv?- tam-si- {]-hm-N-I-¶v- tijw-
tkm-kv- hw-i-¯n-s³-d- `-c-W-I-m-e-¯m-bn-cn-¡-Ww- C-Xv- \-S-¶-sX \q-ämp-IÄ- I-gn-ªm-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-g-b- \n-b-a-¯n-se- ]p-kvX-
¶m-Wv- ]-WvU - n-X· - mÀ- A-`n- {- ]m-bs- ¸-Sp-¶X - v.- B-cm-Wv- ln-Ivt- kmkv- I-§-fnÂ- an-¡-Xp-w- F-gp-X-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.- hn-hn-[- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-·m-cpsS-
hw-iw?-- tUm.- Un.- _m-_p-t]mÄ- F-gp-Xp-¶p-:- "{In.- ap.- 1720þ1550 c-N-\-I-fm-W-tÃm- A-h-bn-ep-Å-Xv.- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d-bpw- tbm-k^n
Im-e¯ - v- Cu-Pn-]vX - v- `-cn-¨n-cp-¶X- v- ln-Ivt- km-kv- hw-i¯ - n-se- ^tdm- s³-d-bp-sa-Ãmw- I-Y- ss_-_n-fnÂ- F-gp-X-s¸-«- Im-e-¯v- Cu-Pn-]v-
ham-cm-bn-cp-¶p.- C-hÀ- G-jym- h³-I-c-bnÂ-\n-¶p-h-¶v- Im-e-{I-a Xn-se- cm-Pm-¡· - m-sc- hn-fn-¨n-cp-¶X- v- ^-tdm-ha- m-sc-¶m-bn-cp-¶n-cn¡-
¯nÂ- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-¯oÀ-¶-h-cm-Wv.- BZy-Im-e-¯v- \ne- Ww.- Cu- {]-tbm-K-¯nÂ-\n-¶v- Cu-Pn-]v-XnÂ- F-¡m-e-¯pw- cm-Pm-
hn-ep-Å- `-cW - b- {- ´w-Xs- ¶- D-]t- bm-Ks- ¸-Sp-¯n-sb-¦n-epw- ]n-s¶¸n- ¡-·m-sc- -^-tdm-h-am-sc-¶m-bn-cn-¡-Ww- hn-fn-¨-sX-¶- \n-K-a-\-¯n-
s¶- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- sk-an-än-Iv- hw-i-P-sc- D-¶-X- kv-Ym-\-§-fnÂ- \n se-¯n-b- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-·m-cp-sS- kq-£v-a-X-¡p-d-hp-sIm-v- kw-`-hn¨-
b-an-¡m³- Xp-S-§n''- (th-Zi-_v-Z- c-Xv-\m-I-cw- ]p-dw- 272).- ln-Iv A-_-²-am-Wn-Xv.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s³-d- ]p-cm-X-\- N-cn-{X-tam- ^-tdm-h-
tk-m-kv- hw-i-¡m-cp-sS- `-c-W-Im-e-¯m-Wv- tbm-k-^n-s³-d- Cu-Pn]v- sb-¶- ]-Z-¯n-s³-d- hyp-Â-]-¯n-tbm- A-dn-bm-¯- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-·mÀ-
Xn-te-¡p-Å- {]-th-i\ - a- p-m-bs- X-¶- tUm.- Un.- _m-_p- t]m-fns³d- ¡v- kw-`-hn-¨- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- H-cp- ssI-¸n-g- am-{X-am-Wn-Xv. A¶
A-`n-{]m-bw -X-s¶-bm-Wv- s\Â-k¬-kv- CÃ-kv-t{S-ä-Uv- ss_-_nÄ- s¯ AhØ sh¨p t\¡p-t¼mÄ CXv XnI¨pw kzm`m-hn-I-am-
Un-Iv-jv-W-dn-bpw- (Nelsons Illustrated Bible Dictionary "Egypt'' Page Wp-Xm\pw Cu-Pn-]v-jy³- ]p-cm-hn-Pv-Rm-\o-b-¯n-s³-d- h-fÀ-¨-bm-
Wv- C-sXm-cp- A-_-²-am-sW-¶v- \-ap-¡v- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-¯-cn-I-bpw- ¡pw- tbm-Pn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xn-s³-d- ssZhn-I-X-bv-
ss_-_nÄ- c-N-bnXm-¡Ä-¡v- C-tXt]m-se-bp-Å- \n-c-h-[n- A-_²- ¡p-Å- sX-fn-hv- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.-
§-Ä- kw-`-hn-¨n-«p-s-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- sh-fn-¨-¯p-sIm-p-h-cn-I-bpw- ^-tdm-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-fp-sS- Im-cy-¯nÂ- JpÀ-B³-
sN-bv-X-Xv.- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- kq-£v-a-X-bpw- ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶p-sh-¶pw- ss_-_nÄ- ]e-
JpÀ-B-\m-I-s«,- A-Xn-se- a-sä-Ãm- hn-j-b-§-fn-ep-sa-¶-t]m-se- A-_² - §- f- pw- h-cp-¯p-¶p-s-¶p-ap-Å- h-kvX - p-XI
- Ä- \mw- a-\Ên-
^-tdm-hb - p-sS- \m-a{- ]-tbm-K¯ - n-epw- kw-`h - h
- n-hc- W- § - f- n-ep-sa-Ãmw- em-¡n.- N-cn-{X-I-Y-\-§-fp-sS- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- JpÀ-B³- sh-¨p-]peÀ-
Xn-I-ª- kq-£v-a-X- ]p-eÀ-¯n-s¡m-v- A-Xn-s³-d- ssZ-hn-I-X- ¯p-¶- Ir-Xy-X-bv-¡v- Im-c-Ww- A-Xn-s³-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-bm-sW-¶-
shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶X - v- Im-Wm³- I-gn-bpw.- A-Xv`- p-XI - c- a- m-Wv- C-¡mcy- h-kv-Xp-X- AÂ-]w- Nn-ń-¨mÂ- X-s¶- t_m-[y-s¸-Spw.- ss_-_n-f
¯nÂ- JpÀ-B³- ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶- kq-£va- X - bpw- Ir-Xy-Xb - p-sa-¶X
- m Ãm-¯- a-säm-cp- t{km-X-Êpw- ]p-cm-X-\- N-cn-{X-¯n-s³-d- Im-cy-¯nÂ-
W
- v- hkvX - p-X.- ss_-_n-fn-se- ^-tdm-hsb¶- i-_vZ- ¯ - n-\v- X-¯pey- \n-e-hn-en-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶- Im-e-¯v- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«- JpÀ-B-\n-I- hN-
am-Wv- JpÀ-B-\n-se- -^nÀ-Hu³.- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d-tbm- tbm-k^n \-§Ä- A-_-²-§-fnÂ-\n-¶v- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- a-pIv-X-am-sW-¶- h-kvXp-
s³d-tbm- Im-e-s¯- cm-Pm-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v- JpÀ-B-\n-sem-cn-S-¯pw- X- A-Xn-s³-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-b-Ãm-sX- a-sä-´m-Wv- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶-Xv?-
^nÀ-Hu³- F-¶v- {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶n-Ã.- bq-kp-^v- \-_n- (u)-bp-sS- ss_-_n-fnÂ- A-_² - §
- Ä- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡s- ¸-«- A-tX- N-cn-{Xw-Xs¶-
Im-e-¯v- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- `-cn-¨n-cp-¶-bm-sf- JpÀ-B³- hn-fn-¡p-¶-Xv- "aen- ssI-I-m-cyw- sN-¿p-t¼m-gpw- JpÀ-B-\nÂ- A-tX- A-_-²w- BhÀ
¡v'- F-¶m-Wv- (D-Zm-:- 12:-43þ54,- 12:-72þ76).- "a-en-¡v'- F-¶mÂ- cm-Pm-hv- ¯n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-sÃ-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- ss__n-fnÂ \n¶v ]IÀ¯n-sb-
F-¶À°w.- tbm-k-^n-s³-d- Im-e-s¯- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb- tI-hew- gp-Xn-b-XmWv JpÀ-B-\nse {]hm-NI IY-I-sf¶ hmZ-¯nsâ
cm-Pm-hv- F¶v- hn-fn-¡p-¶ -JpÀ-B³- tam-i-bp-sS- Im-e-s¯- N-{I \s«-sÃm-Sn-¡p¶p F¶-XmWv kXyw.
hÀ-¯n-sb- ^nÀHu³- F-¶p-X-s¶- hn-fn-¡p-¶p-v.- tam-i-bp-sS-
N-cn-{X-hp-am-bn- _\v-[-s¸-Sp-¯n- ^nÀHu-\n-s³-d- \m-aw- \n-c-h-[n-
X-h-W- JpÀ-B-\nÂ- Im-Wmw.- (D-Zm-:- 7:-104þ137,- 8:-52þ54,- 10:-75þ90,-
20:-24þ78,- 26:-10þ66,- 28:-3þ42,- 24þ46,- 43:-46þ85,- 51:-38þ40,- 79:-17þ25).-
]p-Xn-b- cm-P-Xz-Im-e-¯m-Wv- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶- A-`n-k-w-t_-m-[\m-
co-Xn-bp-m-bs-X¶ - -v \-tS- kq-Nn-¸n-¨p-ht- Ãm.- _n.-kn.- 1552þ1069 BWv-
]p-Xn-b- cm-PX - z-Im-ew.- {In-kX v- p-hn-\v- ap-¼v- ]-Xn-\m-emw- \qäm-ns³d-
a-[y-¯nÂ- _n.-kn.- 1352\pw- 1348\pw- C-S¡ - m-bn-cn-¡W - w- cm-Pm-¡·m-
sc- ^-tdm-h-sb-¶v- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\- sN-¿p-¶- co-Xn-bp-sS- Xp-S-¡-
sa-¶m-Wv- ]-Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bw.- _n.-kn.- ]-Xn-aq-¶mw- \q-äm-n-s³d-
B-Zy-]-Ip-Xn-bn-em-Wv- tam-i- P-\n-¨-sX-¶m-Wv- I-cpX-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.-
^-tdm-h-sb-¶- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\m- co-Xn- {]-Np-c-{]Nmcw- kn-²n-¨-
Im-e¯ - m-Wv tam-ib - p-sS- P-\\ - h- pw- Zu-Xy-hp-sa-Ãmw- Dm-bs- X¶À-
°w.- tam-i-bp-sS- {]-t_m-[-\-Im-e-s¯- cm-Pm-hn-s\- ^nÀ-Hu³- F-
¶v- kw-t_m-[-\- sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶- JpÀ-B-\n-I- co-Xn- ]qÀ-Wam-bpw-
i-cn-bm-b- N-cn-{X-hpw- ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp- im-kv-{X-hp-am-bn- F-Ãm- \n-e-bv-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 166 ss__nÄ IYIfpsS Ncn{X]cX 167
ktµiw AhXcn¸n¡p¶XnÂ am{Xw {]amZclnXamWv. F¶m

Â AhnsS AhXcn¸n¡s¸Sp¶ hniZmwi§fnÂ {]amZcm
lnXyw Dmbncn¡Wsa¶nÃ'
ss__nfnÂ hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ ]e kw`h§fpw Ncn{X
]cambn IrXyasÃ¶ hkvXpX ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ
AwKoIcn¡p¶pv. "Ncn{X]cambn IrXyaÃm¯ Nne {]kvXm
h\Ifpw ss__nfnÂ Is¶phcmw (Zm\n 5)'.
Ncn{X]T\¯ns³d am\ZWvU§fpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ
A\p-_Ôw 2 A`nho£n¡pt¼mÄ sXämsW¶p a\Ênemhp¶ ss__nÄ
ss__nÄ IYIfpsS Ncn{X]cX ]cmaÀi§Ä ssZh\nthisa¶ Bib¯n\p ap¼nse {][m
\s¸« {]iv\§fnsem¶mWv. ss__nfnepÅ Ncn{X]camb
sXäpIfpw ssZh\nthi\sa¶ Bibhpw X½nÂ s]mcp¯s¸
t\ml apXepÅ {]hmNI·mcpsS IYIÄ ss__nÄ hnhcn Sp¯phm³ B[p\nI ]WvUnX·mÀ InWªp ]cn{ian¡p¶p
¡p¶pv. Cu IYIÄ F´pam{Xw Ncn{X]camsW¶ Imcy v. ]s£ hniZoIcW§Ä hnjbs¯ IqSpXÂ k¦oÀ®am
¯nÂ ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ hyXykvX A`n{]mb§Ä ]pe ¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. tUm.ssa¡nÄ Imcnaäw FgpXp¶p:
À¯p¶hcmWv. ss__nfnÂ hnhcn¡s¸Sp¶ Ncn{XIYIÄ "B[p\nI imkv{X¯nt³dbpw Ncn{X]T\§fptSbpw aäpw
Ah \ÂIp¶ ktµi§fpsS ASnkvYm\¯nemWv hnebncp ImgvN¸mSnÂ \n¶p t\m¡pt¼mÄ ss__nfnse Nne {]kvXm
¯s¸tSsX¶mWv ]WvUnX·mcnÂ \sÃmcp hn`mK¯ns³d h\IÄ sXämbn tXm¶ntb¡mw. imkv{Xtam, temINcn{Xtam
A`n{]mbw. Ncn{XIY\¯ns³d hniZmwi§Ä Nnet¸mÄ ]Tn¸n¡p¶ Hcp {KÙaÃ, c£mNcn{XamWv ss__nÄ F¶
sXämbn {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«n«pmhmw F¶ hkvXpX AhÀ t_m[yt¯msS thWw ss__nfnse ]T\§sf kao]n¡phm
AwKoIcn¡p¶p. tUm.amXyp shÅm\n¡Â FgpXp¶p: "ss_ ³. Hmtcm ]pkvXIhpw FgpXs¸« Ime¯p \ne\n¶ncp¶ {]]
_nfns³d {]amZcmlnXys¯¡pdn¨p hn[n ]dbpt¼mÄ AXn ©ho£W§fpw kmlnXyssienIfpw am\pjnI {KÙImc
s³d ktµihpw B ktµiw AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xn\v D]IcW ·msc kzm[o\n¨n«pv F¶ Imcyw ad¡mhXÃ. {KÙImc³
§fmbn¯ocp¶ hkvXp¡fpw X½nepÅ hyXymkw a\Ênem ]Tn¸n¡phm³ Dt±in¡p¶ c£mI-c-kXyw F´v F¶v a\Ên
t¡Xpv. ktµiw ssZhn-IamWv. AXv ssZh¯ns³d {]amZ em¡m\mWv {iant¡Xv.'
cmlnXy¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¶Xpambncn¡mw. F¶mÂ AXn\v D]I hniZoIcW¯n\v hg§m¯ ss__nÄ hnhcW§Ä Zrjv
cW§fmb D]m[nIÄ¡v ktµi¯ns³d {]amZcmlnXys¯ Sm´ IYIfm (parable)sW¶ hniZoIcW¯nÂ A`bw tXSp
l\n¡m¯ hn[¯nepÅ {]amZcmlnXyta IÂ]nt¡Xp IbmWv ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ sN¿p¶Xv. sdbvavþCþ
Åq. a\pjyc£¡p thn ssZhw \ÂIm³ Dt±in¡p¶ {_u¬ FgpXp¶p: "ssZh\nthinXambsXÃmw Ncn{XamsW
ktµi¯n\p am{Xta {]amZcmlnXyapÅq. AXn\p]IcWam ¶mWv ]ecpsSbpw [mcW. AXv icnbÃ. IhnX, \mSIw, sF
bn¯ocp¶ {]kvXmh\IÄ¡v Bt]£nIamb Hcp {]amZcm Xnlyw, IY F¶nhsbms¡ ssZh\nthinXamImw. tbm\mbp
lnXytabpÅq. DZmlcW¯n\v t\mlns³d Imes¯ Pe{] sS ]pkvXIw Ncn{XaÃ; Hcp D]amIY (parable)bmsW¶p
fbw ssZh¯ns³d \oXnsb¡pdn¨pw IcpWsb¡pdn¨papÅ kqNn¸n¨phtÃm...... tbm\msb¶p t]cpÅ Hcp bYmÀ° hyIv
Xnsb hensbmcp aXvkyw hngp§nsb¶v hnizkn¡m³ \mw ss__nfns³d hyXykvX ]pkvXI§Ä FgpXnbhÀ Ah
_m[ykvYcmsW¶v ssZh\nthi\w AÀ°am¡p¶nÃ. tbm\m bpsS DÅS¡w Ncn{XamsW¶ cq]¯nÂ Xs¶bmWv Ah
bpsS ]pkvXIw Hcp Ncn{X{KÙamsW¦nÂ am{Xsa AXnÂ FgpXnbn«pÅsX¶v ss__nÄ HcmhÀ¯n hmbn¡p¶ BÀ
{]Xn]mZn¨n«pÅ kw`hw Ncn{XhkvXpXbmtWmsb¶ tNmZyw ¡pw t_m[ys¸Spw. ssZhmß{]tNmZnXambn«mWv ss__nfn
DZn¡pIbpÅq.' se ]pkvXI§Ä cNn¡s¸«Xv F¶mWtÃm hnizmkw. Ncn{X
hniZoIcn¡m\mhm¯ ss__nÄ kw`h§Ä ssZh\nth ]cambn sXämb ]camÀi§Ä am{Xw ssZhmß{]tNmZ\¯nÂ
inXamb D]amIYIÄ am{XamsW¶pw Ncn{XasÃ¶pw ]dªp \n¶v thdn«hbmsW¶v ]dbm\mhnÃ. ssZh\nthinXamWv
c£s¸SpIbmWv B[p\nI ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ sN¿p ss__nÄ F¶p ]dbpIbpw AXnÂ Ncn{X]cambn IrXya
¶Xv. ChnsS {][m\s¸« Hcp {]iv\apv. ss__nfnÂ Ncn{X Ãm¯ {]kvXmh\Ifps¶p k½Xn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ
hpw D]aIfpw sFXnly§fpsaÃmw Ds¦nÂ Ch X½nÂ ssZhw kÀhÚ\msW¶ Bibs¯ \ntj[n¡pIbmWv
thÀXncn¨p a\Ênem¡phm\pÅ am\ZWvUsa´msW¶XmWv bYmÀ°¯nÂ sN¿p¶Xv.
A-Xv-. ss__nfnsemcnS¯pw C¶ IYIÄ Ncn{XamsWt¶m Ncn{Xsa¶ coXnbnÂ ss__nfnÂ {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«n«pÅ
C¶ IYIÄ D]aIfmsWt¶m ]dªn«nÃ. \S¶ kw`h§sf Nne kw`h§sf¦nepw D]aIÄ am{XamsW¶v k½Xn¡pI
¶ \ne¡p Xs¶bmWv ss__nfnse apgph³ IYIfpw hnhcn bpw ss__nÄ ssZh\nthinXamsW¶v hmZn¡pIbpw sN¿p
¡s¸Sp¶Xv. "tbm\'bpsS ]pkvXI¯nse tbm\m {]hmNI ¶hÀ ssZhs¯ IÅw ]dbp¶h\m¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv.
s³d IYbnsemcnS¯pw AsXmcp D]abmsW¶p kqNn¸n¨n«n CubSp¯ Imew hscbpÅ ss__nÄ hymJymXm¡sfÃmw
Ã. tbip{InkvXphS¡w tbm\mbp-sS IY kw`hn¨Xp Xs¶bm ss__nfnÂ {]Xn]mZn¨hsbÃmw bYmÀ° kw`h§fmsW
sW¶mbncp¶p hnizkn¨ncp¶sX¶mWv ]pXnb \nba¯nse ¶mWv IcpXnbXpw {]Ncn¸n¨Xpw. D]amIYIÄ am{XamsW¶v
Nne {]kvXmh\IfnÂ \n¶v a\Ênemhp¶Xv. (a¯mbn 12:39,40). Ct¸mÄ ]dbp¶ kw`h§Ä Ah bYmÀ° kw`h§fmsW
hnaÀi\mßI ss__nÄ ]T\coXn Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v ¶v tXm¶n¸n¡p¶ Xc¯nemWv hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. AXp
apgph³ {InkvXym\nIfpw a\Ênem¡nbncp¶Xv tbm\mbpsS sImmWtÃm hnaÀi\mßI ]T\coXn hnImkw {]m]n¡p¶
IYbS¡w ss__nfnÂ hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ kIe hnhc§ Xn\v ap¼v {InkvXym\nIsfÃmw ss__nÄ A¸Sn Ncn{XamsW
fpw kXykÔhpw Ncn{X]chpamsW¶mbncp¶p. AXnÂ \n¶v ¶mWv hnizkn¨p t]m¶Xv. Ignª Ccp]Xp \qämpImeam
hyXykvXambn Nne ss__nÄ IYIÄ D]amIYIÄ am{Xam bn P\§Ä AÔXbnembncp¶psh¶v kmcw. ss__nÄ ssZ
sW¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ AXn\pÅ ImcWw hyIvXamt¡Xpv. h\nthinXamsW¦nÂ P\§sf cp kl{km_vZ¡mew
ss__nfnÂ ]cmaÀin¡p¶ Nne IYIsf¦nepw tIhew AÔImc¯nÂ Ipcp¡nbn«Xv ssZhamsW¶v ]dtbnhcpw.
D]amIYIfmsW¶v k½Xn¡p¶ ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ
bYmÀ°¯nÂ ss__nÄ hniZoIcW§fpsS Ncn{X]cXtb Zm-\pw- A-{_lm-apw-:-
bpw ssZh\nthi\sa¶ Bibt¯bpw JWvUn¡pIbmWv bm-t¡m-_n-s³-d- ]-{´-v- ]p-{X-·m-cnÂ- H-cm-fp-sS- t]-cm-Wv-
sN¿p¶Xv. Ncn{Xsa¶ \nebnÂ ss__nfnÂ hnhcn¨ Nne "Zm³'.- `m-cy-bm-b- dmtl-en-s³-d- Zm-kn- _nÂ-l-bnÂ- bm-t¡m-_n-
IYIÄ D]aIÄ am{XamsW¦nÂ aäp Nneh \S¶hbmsW¶v \p-m-b- H¶m-a-s¯- k´-Xn.- (DÂ-¸-¯n- 30:-1þ6)- Zm-\-n-s³-d- ]p{X-
]dbm³ F´mWv sXfnhv? ChnsS ss__nfn\v Xosc Ncn{X]c ]m-c-¼-cy-¯n-\m-Wv- Zm³- Ip-Spw-_w- F¶v- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.- (kw-Jy-
X AhImis¸Sm\mhnsÃ¶ bmYmÀ°yamWv hyIvXamIp¶Xv. 26:-42,-43)- F-{^-bow- tKm-{X¯n-\v sX-¡pw- s^-en-kv-Xy- tZ-i-¯n\v-
h-S-¡p-In-g-¡p-ap-Å- Hcp- C-Sp-§n-b- a-e-{¼tZ-i-am-bn-cp-¶p- B-Zy- k-w-`-c-W-im-em- \-K-c-§Ä- A-hÀ- -^-tdm-thm-\p-th-n- \nÀ-½n¡p-
Im-e-¯v- Cu- tKm{X-¯nt³-d-Xm-bpm-bn-cp-¶-Xv.- Im-\m-\y-cp-sS- I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp''- (]pd- 1:-11)-
D-]-{Z-h-§Ä- Im-c-W-w- Zm-\y-cnÂ- Nn-eÀ- Z-£n-W- ]-e-kv-Xo-\n-epÅ- Cu- c-v- \-K-c-§-fpw- kv-Ym-]n-¡-s¸-«Xv- cmw-sk-kv- c-m-asâ-
X-§-fp-sS- \m-Sp-t]-£n-¨v- ]p-d-s¸-«v- Im-\m-³- tZ-i-¯n-s³d- h-St¡- (_n.kn- 1279þ1212)- Im-e-¯m-Wv.- "c-mw-sk-k-v II F-¶- -^t-- dm-hm-bp-
AXnÀ-¯n-bn-ep-Å "te-tiw'- (te-boiv- F-¶pw- t]-cp-v-)- F-¶- sS- HmÀ-½¡m-bm-Ws- {X- \-Kc- ¯ - n-\v- Cu- t]-cv- \Â-Is- ¸-«X - v''- (tUm.-
{Km-aw- ]n-Sn-¨-S-¡n- A-Xn-\v- X-§-fp-sS- ]n-Xm-hm-b- Zm-\n-s³-d- t]-cv- Un.- _m-_p-t]mÄ-:- th-Z-i-_-vZ- c-Xv-\m-I-cw-,- ]p-dw- 584).- tbm-tk-
\Â-Ip-I-bpw- A-hn-sS- Ip-Sn-tb-dn¸mÀ-¡-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-p.- C-¡mcyw- ^n-s\-¡p-dn-¨v- A-dn-hn-Ãm-¯- H-cp- ]p-X-n-b- cm-Pm-hm-bm-Wv- cm-w-sk-
tbm-ip-h-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv- Im-WpI- ""X§- kn-s\- ss_-_nÄ- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.- "tbmtk-^n-s\-¡p-dn-
fp-sS- tZ-iw- \-jvS- s- ¸-«t- ¸mÄ- Zm-\n-bÀ- te-si-bn-s\-Xn-sc- s]mcpXn- ¨v- A-dn-hn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶- ]pXnb- H-cp- cm-Pm-hv- Cu-Pn-]v-XnÂ- A-[n-Im-
A-Xv- ]n-Sn-¨-S-¡n;- hm-fn-¶n-c-bm-¡-n- A-hÀ- A-Xv- ssI-h-i-am-¡n- c-ta-äp''- (]p-d- 1:-8)-sh-¶mWv- cmw-sk-kn-s³-d- A-[n-Im-cm-tcm-l-W-
A-hn-sS- ]mÀ-¯p.- AhÀ- tesi-an-¶v- Zm³- F-¶v- t]-cp sIm-Sp¯p;- s¯-¸ä- n- ss_-_nÄ- ]-db - p-¶X - v.- tbm-tk-^n-\v- ti-jw- Ipsd- Imew-
X-§-fp-sS- ]qÀ-Æn-I-\m-b- Zm-\n-s³-d- t]-cv-'- (tbip-h- 19:47)- I-gn-ªm-Wv- cmw-sk-kv- A-[n-Im-ct- a-äs- X-¶À-°w.- Cu- cm-ws- kkn-
C-XnÂ-\n-¶v- tam-si-bv-¡pw- H-cp]m-Sv- Im-ew- I-gn-ªm-Wv- Zm-³- s³-d-Im-e-¯v- \nÀ-½n¡-s¸-«-Xm-Wv- cm-w-sk-kv- \-K-cw.- tbm-k-^n
F¶- t]-cnÂ- H-cp- {]-tZ-i-ap-m-b-Xv- F-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- kp-X-cmw- s³d- Im-e-¯v- C-§-s\-sbm-cp- \-K-c-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¶À-°w.-
hy-IX v- a- mWv.- F-¶mÂ- A-{_-lm-an-s³-d- Im-e¯ - p-Xs- ¶- Zm³- F¶- F-¶mÂ- DÂ-]¯ - n- ]p-kXv- I - w- ]-db
- p-¶X - v- C-XnÂ-\n-¶v- XnI¨pw-
{]tZ-i-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶v- tXm-¶n-¸n-¡p-¶- hy-Iv-X-amb- h-N-\- hn-cp-²-am-b- kw-K-Xn-bm-Wv.- bmt¡m-_n-\pw- ]p-{X-·mÀ-¡pw-Iq-Sn-
§Ä- ss_-_n-fn-ep-v.- DÂ-¸¯ - n- ]p-kvX- I
- w- - t\m-¡p-I:- - k
- t- lmZ- ^tdm-h-bp-sS- \nÀ-t±-i-{]-Im-cw- ssI-h-iw-sIm-Sp-¡-s¸-«- \-K-c-am-
c- ]p-{X-s\- X-S-hp-Im-c-\m-bn- sIm-p-t]m-b- hn-h-c-a-dn-ª-t¸mÄ- Wv- cmwskkv- F-¶m-Wv- DÂ-]¯ - n- ]p-kX v- I
- ¯- n-ep-ÅX - v.- tbmtk-
A-{_l-mw- X-s³-d- ho«nÂ- ]n-d-¶-h-cpw- ]-cn-io-e-\w- t\-Sn-b-h-cpam- ^v- ]n-Xm-hn-s\-bpw- ktlm-Z-c-·m-sc-bpw- Cu-Pn-]v-XnÂ- Ip-Sn-bn-cp-
b- ap-¶q-än- ]-Xn-s\-«v- tbm-²m-¡-fp-am-bn- ]p-d-s]«v- i{Xp-hn-s\- Zm³- ¯n.- CuPn-]v-Xv- tZ-i-¯n-se- G-ä-hpw- \Ã- {]-tZ-i-am-b- cmw-k-kv-
h-sc- ]n-´p-SÀ-¶p''- (DÂ-¸-Xn- 14:-14)- tZ-i-¯v- ^tdm-hm³- IÂ-]n-¨-Xv- {]-Im-cw,- A-hÀ-¡v- ssI-h-im-h-
A-{_m-l-an-s³-d- Im-e-¯v- Zm-³- F-¶- H-cp- {]-tZ-iw- X-s¶- \n Im-iw- sIm-S-p-¯p''- (DÂ-]-¯n- 47:-11)-
e-hn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¶m-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.- ]n-s¶-sb- tbm-tk-^n-s³-d- Im-e-¯v- cmw-sk-kv- \K-c-w-X-s¶bp-m-bn-cp-
§n-s\-bmWv- A-{_-l-mw- Zm-\n-te-¡v- t]m-hpI?- C-Xv- ss_-_n-fn- ¶nÃ.- ]n-s¶-sb-§-s\-bm-Wv- cmw-sk-kv- \-K-c-¯n-s³-d- ssI-him-
ep-Å- hy-IvX - a- m-b- N-cn-{X-ssh-cp-²y-§f- n-sem-¶m-sW-¶- I-mcy¯n h-Im-iw- A-t±-lw- ]n-Xm-hn-\pw- k-tlm-Z-c-§Ä-¡pw- \Â-Ip-I?-
Â- kw-i-b-sam-¶p-an-Ã.- C-§-s\- ss_-_n-fnÂ- H-«-\-h-[n- A-_-²-§Ä- \-ap-¡v- Im-Wm-
cmw-sk-kpw- tbm-k-^-p-w- \mhpw.- Cu- A-_-²-§-sf- \ym-bo-I-cn-¡p-hm-t\m- hym-Jym-\n-¡p-
C-{km-tbÂ- kv-Ym-]n-¨- c-v- kw-`-c-W-im-em- \-K-c-§-sf-¡p- hmt\m- I-g-n-bm-sX- {]-bm-k-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-Þ-n-X-
dn-¨v- ss_-_nÄ- \ap¡v- ]-d-ªv- X-cp-¶p-v.- ]o-tYm-apw- c-mw-skkp- ·mÀ.-
am-Wh.- ]p-d-¸m-Sv- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ]-d-bp-¶Xv- Im-Wp-I- ""A-t¸mÄ- A-
hÀ- I-Tn-\m-[zm-\wsIm-v- C-{km-tbÂ- P-\§ - s- f- ]oVn-¸n-¡p-hm³-
I-¦m-Wn-Isf- GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n.- C-§-s\- ]o-tYmw,- cm-w-sk-kv- F¶o-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 172 tbipIYbpsS Ncn{X]cX 173
]eXpw `mh\mkrjvSnbmsW¶mWv KthjIÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp

¶Xv. {InkvXphns³d inipIYbpambn _\v[s¸«v kphntij
§Ä hnhcn¡p¶ Imcy§Ä F{Xt¯mfw Ncn{X]camsW¶v
e`yamb sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ {]KXv` ss__nÄ
]WvUnX\mb sdbvavþCþ{_u¬ Xs³d "aninlmbpsS
P\\w' (The birth of Messiah) F¶ {K\vY¯nÂ hniZambn
]cntim[n¡p¶pv. ^mZÀ.{^m³kn sImSnb³, ^m.tPmkv
amW¸d¼nÂ, ^m:hÀKokv s]tçmS³ XpS§nbhÀ tNÀ¶v
A\p-_Ôw 3 hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXncn¡p¶ 401 t]PpIfpÅ Cu ]pkvXI¯n
s³d aebmf ]cn`mj Aeqcnse _n_vfnb ]»nt¡j³kv
tbipIYbpsS Ncn{X]cX
BWv {]kn²oIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Ccp]Xntesd Hm-Wddn tUmIv
ätdäpIfpÅ Atacn¡³ ss__nÄ ]WvUnX\mb sdbvavþ
Cþ{_u¬ hniZamb ]T\§Ä¡v tijw F¯nt¨cp¶ \nKa
tbiphns\¡pdn¨v kaImenIcmbncp¶ Ncn{XImc·mscm \§Ä C§s\ kwt£]n¡mw.
¶pw tcJs¸Sp¯m¯Xn\mÂ A§s\sbmcp hyIvXn Pohn
¨ncp¶nt«bnÃsb¶v hmZn¡p¶ bpIvXnhmZnIfpv. tPmkn^ (1) a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw \ÂIp¶ tbiphns³d hwimh
kv F¶ bqZ Ncn{XImc³ {InkvXphns\¡pdn¨v ]dªXmbn en IrXyaÃ. hcm\ncn¡p¶ aninlm ZmhoZp hwiP\mbncn¡p
{InkvXpaX {]NmcI·mÀ D²cn¡mdps¦nepw {]kvXpX {]kv sa¶mbncp¶p blqZhnizmkw. tbip aninlbmsW¦nÂ ZmhoZv
Xmh\IÄ tPmkn^kns³d {KÙ¯nÂ Iq«nt¨À¯XmsW hwiP\mIWatÃm. AXn\p thn ZmhoZns³d hwimhenbnÂ
¶mWv hnaÀiIÀ hmZn¡p¶Xv. AXv F´mbncp¶mepw, ss{I tbiphns\ XncpIn¡bän AhXcn¸n¡pIbmWv kphntijI
kvXhsc kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw tbiphns³d P\\w, {]t_m[ ·mÀ sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. "a¯mbnbpw eq¡mbpw Xcp¶ hwimh
\§Ä, acWw, F¶nhsb¡pdn¨v Adnhp \ÂIp¶ {KÙ§Ä en IpSpw_¯nt³dXmWv F¶ \nKa\s¯ apIfnÂ I {]iv
\mep kphntij§fmWv. JpÀB\nÂ tbiphns\¡pdn¨v Hcp \§fpsS shfn¨¯nÂ an¡ B[p\nI NnÍcpw XÅn¡fbp
]mSv Imcy§Ä ]dbp¶ps¦nepw ss{IkvXhÀ¡v AXv A ¶pv. P\Iobambncp¶ ZmhoZv cmP]c¼cbpsS Aý¯nÂ,
kzoImcyamWtÃm. At¸mÄ tbiphns\¡pdn¨v ss{IkvXhcp butk¸ns³dbpw tbiphns³dbpw t]cpIÄ Iq«nt¨À¯XmWv
sS Adnhv kphntij§sf B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. kphnti a¯mbn \ÂIp¶ hwimhen; eqt¡mbpsSXmIs« butk¸n
j§Ä ssZh\nthinX§fmbXn\mÂ Ah \ÂIp¶ hnhc§ s³d ]qÀÆnIcpsS IpSpw_]«nIbpw. CXmWv B[p\nI
Ä \qdp iXam\w kXykÔhpw kzoIcn¡m³ sImÅp¶Xpam \nKa\w'1
sW¶mbncp¶p s]mXphmb ss{IkvXh ImgvN¸mSv. ss__nÄ (2) C{kmboens\ ^tdmhbnÂ \n¶p c£n¨ tamibpsS
\ÂIp¶ tbipNn{Xw Ncn{X]chpw hkvXp\njvThpamsW¶m Ncn{Xt¯mSv kmays¸Sp¯ns¡mmWv a¯mbn Xs³d
bncp¶p hnizmkw. tbipIY \nÀan¡p¶Xv. AXn\mÂ tbiphns³d PohnX¯nÂ
]pXnb \nbas¯¡pdn¨ KthjW§Ä Cu ]c¼cmKX kw`hn¡m¯ ]eXpw a¯mbnbpsS tbipIYbnepv. 2
[mcWbv¡v Cf¡w X«n¨n«pv. tbiphns³d Ncn{Xhpambn (3) ]gb\nba¯nÂ {]hNn¡s¸« {]hmNI\mWv tbipsh
_Ôs¸«v kphntijIÀ¯m¡Ä D²cn¡p¶ kw`h§fnÂ ¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p¶Xn\p thnbmWv a¯mbn {ian¨ncn¡p
¶Xv. AXn\mÂ ]gb\nba {]hN\§Ä¡\pkrXambn tbip ¶pv. ssiih hnhcW§fpsS Ncn{X]cXsb¸än kwibap
IY sa\sªSp¡pIbmWv At±lw sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. 3
WÀ¯p¶ kphntij `mK§fnÂ NneXpam{XamWnh'.
(4) tbip P\n¨ ImeL«¯nse apgph³ tPyXnimkv{X (5) tbip P\n¨Xv bYmÀ°¯nÂ s_XvetlaneÃ. ZmhoZn
tcJIfpw ]cntim[n¨mepw a¯mbn 2:1þ12Â ]dbp¶ coXnbnÂ s³d ]p{X\mb aninl s_XvetlanemWv P\n¡pIsb¶
tbip P\\t¯mS\p_\v[n¨v s_Xvetlan\v apIfnÂ Hcp blqZ ]mc¼cy¯n\\pkrXambn tbipIY sa\sªSp¯
\£{Xw {]Xy£s¸«psh¶ hnhcW¯n\v Dt]mÂ_eIamb a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw s_XvetlanemWv tbip P\n¨sX¶v
Hcp sXfnhpt]mepw e`n¡pIbnÃ. ([qatIXp¡Ä, {Kl§fpsS hcp¯n ¯oÀ¡pIbmWv sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv.
kwKaw, \hPmX\£{X§Ä XpS§nbhsb¡pdn¨ tPymXnim "blqZ Nn´b\pkcn¨v ZmhoZmXvaP\mb aninlm ZmhoZn
kv{X tcJIsfÃmw sdbvav {_u¬ ]cntim[n¡p¶pv). s³d ]«Wamb s_XvetlanÂ P\n¡Ww. AXn\mÂ Cutim
s_Xvetlan\p apIfnÂ tbiphns³d P\\t¯mS\p_\v[n¨v P\n¨Xv s_XvetlanemWv F¶ IY sa\sªSp¯p'
Hcp \£{Xw {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw AXpIv ]uckvXy tZi "cmaXmbn, aäp ]pXnb \nba`mK§Ä CutimbpsS P\\
¯p \n¶v PvRm\nIÄ sltdmtZmkv cmPmhnt\mSv blqZ cmPm kvYew t_XvetlamsW¶XnÂ \nÈ_vZamsW¶p am{XaÃ
hns\¡pdn¨v At\zjn¡pIbpw A§s\ tbip P\n¨ kvYe \{k¯pw Keoenbpw BWv CtimbpsS kz´w ]«Wsa¶Xn\v
s¯¯nt¨cpIbpw sNbvXpsh¶ IY a¯mbn sa\sªSp¯ sXfnhpIfpapv. Ahs³d ""kz´w ]«Ww'' (his patris) Cu
XmWv. AXv Ncn{X]caÃ. ]Zw a¯mbnbpw eq¡mbpw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv Cutim P\n¨Xv
Cu IY Ncn{X]casÃ¶Xn\v aäp ]pXnb\nba `mK§fpw _XvetlanemsW¶v AhÀ Dd¸n¨¨p ]dªncn¡p¶Xn\mÂ,
sXfnhp \ÂIp¶psh¶mWv sdbvav {_u¬ ]dbp¶Xv. Cutim hfÀ¶ kvYes¯ Dt±in¨mWv (a¯mbn 22þ34, eqt¡m
At±lw FgpXp¶p: "a¯mbn cma[ymba\pkcn¨v Úm\n 2:51). amÀt¡mknÂ \n¶mWv (6:1,4) ChÀ¡v Cu hnhcw e`n¨Xv
IÄ tltdmtZmkns\ kµÀin¨t¸mgmWv At±lhpw {][m\]p F¶pÅXn\mepw aÀt¡mkn\v t_Xvetlans\¡pdn¨v H¶pw
tcmlnX·mcpw ]io-i·mcpsaÃmw bqZcpsS cmPmhns³d P\\ ]dbm\panÃm¯Xn\mepw Ahs³d kz´w ]«Ww \kvd¯v
s¯¸än AdnªXv. Pdqkew apgph³ B kw`hs¯ kw_ Abncn¡Ww. Cutim P\n¨Xv Keoenbbnembncn¡pw.... \mem
\v[n¨v AkzkvYamhpIbpw sNbvXp. F¶n«pt]mepw tbip as¯ kphntij¯nÂ (1:46,7:41þ42;52) CusimbpsS Kmente
Xs³d ]ckyip{iqj Bcw`n¨t¸mÄ AhnSps¯¸än BÀs¡ b³ P\\s¯¡pdn¨v kqN\Ifpapv'-.
¦nepw Imcyamb Adnthm ]db¯¡ {]Xo£Itfm Dmbncp (6) temIamkIeapÅ P\§fpsS t]cv FgpXnt¨À¡Ww
¶Xmbn ImWp¶nÃ. (a¯mbn 13:54þ56) sltdmtZmkns³d aI³ F¶v AKkväkv kokdns³d IÂ]\b\pkcn¨v tbmtk^pw
Ań¸mkn\mIs« tbiphns\¸än bmsXmcp hnhchpmbncp adnbbpw s_Xvetlante¡v t]mbt¸mgmWv tbip P\n¨sX
¶nÃ. (eqt¡mkv 8:7þ9). eqt¡mkns³d kphntij¯nÂ kv\m ¶mWv eqt¡mkns³d kphntijw cmw A[ymb¯nÂ ]d
]I tbml¶ms³d A½bmb Genim tbiphns³d A½bmb bp¶Xv. CXv Ncn{X]cambn icnbÃ. AKkväkv kokdpsS
adnb¯ns³d _ÔphmWv. X·qew AhcpsS Ip«nIÄ X½nepw Ime¯v temIhym]Iamb IWs¡Sps¸m¶pw \S¶n«nÃ. Izco
_ÔaptÃm. CsXÃmambn«pw ]ckyip{iqjmIme¯v \nbkns³d Ime¯v bqZmbnepmb IWs¡Sp¸v (\kvtdm¯v
tbiphpw kv\m]Itbml¶m\pw _\v[¡mcmsW¶Xns\¸än AXnÂs¸Sp¶nÃ) sltdmtZmkv acn¨v ]¯psImÃ§Ä¡p
Hcp kqN\bpw kphntij¯nenÃ. t]msc¦nÂ tbml¶m³1:33 tijamWv \S¶Xv. At¸mtg¡pw tbip P\n¨n«pmbncn¡
Â kv\m]I³ ""Rm³ Ahs\ Adnªncp¶nÃ'' F¶p ]dbp Ww. tbiphns³d P\\s¯ AXn\v sImÃ§Ä¡p ap¼p \S¶
IWs¡Sp¸pambn tbmPn¸n¡pIbmWv eqt¡mkv sNbvXncn¡p ¶ncn¡nepw kphntij {KÙ§fnepÅ Hmtcm ZnhymXv`pXhpw

¶Xv. sdbvav {_u¬ FgpXp¶p: "alm\mb tlmtcmtZmkn A£cmÀ°¯nÂ Ncn{X]cambns¡mÅWsa¶nÃ'
s³d Ime¯v ]mekvXo\mbnÂ Iznco\nbqkns³d IognÂ tdma CXnÂ \n¶v Hcp Imcyw kpXcmw hyIvXamWv. tbiphns\
³ sk³kkv \S¶p F¶p hnizkn¡m³ KuchXcamb Imc ¡pdn¨v kXyk\v[amb hnhc§Ä e`n¡phm³ kphntij§
W§fnÃ. eqt¡m 1se hnhcw icnbmbncn¡mw. alm\mb sf am{Xw B{ibn¨n«v -êanÃ. Ahbnse hnhc§Ä kXyhpw
sltdmtZmkns³d ImebfhnÂ Cutim P\n¨p. F¶mÂ A.D AkXyhpw IqSn¡eÀ¶ \nebnemWpÅXv. X§fpsS `mh\
6-7 Â Izco\nbqkns³d IognÂ bqZmbnÂ (KeoenbneÃ) \S¶ ¡\pkrXambn Hmtcm kphntijI\pw tbipIY sa\sªSp
sk³kkpambn s]mcp¯s¸Sp¯nb eqt¡mbpsS hnhcw Ahn ¡pIbmWv sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. AhbnÂ \n¶v kXyw NnIsª
sS A.D.30IfnÂ (CutimbpsS acW¯n\v tijw) KamentbÂ Sp¡pI AXoh ZpjvIcamWv.
\S¯p¶ {]kwK¯nÂ sXhpZmkns³d (Thevudas) DbnÀs¯ tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn¨ IrXyhpw If-¦c- l
- n-Xh
- p-amb Adnhp \Â-
gpt¶Â¸ns\¸än ]cmaÀin¡p¶p. F¶meXv Kamenbens³d Ip-¶Xv ssZhoI {KÙ-amb JpÀ-B³ am{X-am-sW¶ hkvXp-X-
{]kwK¯n\p 10 hÀj§Ä¡p tijhpw \S¶nÃ. sXhpZmkn bmWv ChnsS hyà-am-hp-¶-Xv.
\p tijw Kmenteb\mb bqZmkns³d (A.D 6-7) sk³kkpw
Dbn-Às¯gpt¶Â]pambn eq¡m sXän-²cn¨Xmhmw'
tbiphns³d P\\hpw ssiihImehpambn _\v[s¸«p
sImv a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw ]dbp¶ Imcy§sfm¶pw Ncn
{X]casÃ¶pw kphntijI·mcpsS `mh\mkrjvSnIfmsW¶p
amWv B[p\nI ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mcnÂ {]apJ\mb sdbv
avþCþ{_u¬ sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ kvYm]n¡p
¶Xv. kphntijIÀ X§fpsS `mh\bnÂ tXm¶nb Imcy§Ä
tbip IYtbmSp _Ôs¸Sp¯ns¡mv Ncn{Xsa¶ \ne¡v
AhXcn¸ns¨¶pw P\§sf sXän-²cn¸ns¨¶pamWtÃm CXnÂ
\n¶pw a\Ênemt¡Xv. ssiihIme hnhcW§fpsS Imcy
¯nÂ am{XamtWm CXv kw`hn¨ncn¡p¶Xv? A§s\ IcpXpI
h¿. blqZ·mÀ {]Xo£n¨ncn¡p¶ aninlm tbiphmsW¶v
hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p¶Xn\v thn ssiihIme hnhcW§fnÂ
Ir{XnaXzw ImWn¨ kphntijI·mÀ, tbiphns³d PohnXt¯
bpw {]t_m[\§sfbpw acWs¯bpsaÃmw Ipdn¨ hnhcW§
fnÂ X§fpsS CÑ¡\pkcn¨v an\p¡p ]WnIÄ \S¯nbn«nÃ
F¶Xn\v F´mWpd¸v? ZnhymXv`pX§fmbn kphntij§Ä
hnhcn¨h t]mepw \qdpiXam\w Ncn{X]cambns¡mÅWsa
¶nÃm-sb¶mWv sdbvav {_uWns³d A`n{]mbw. "tbiphn
s³d ZnhymXv`pX§sf¸änbpÅ ]mc¼cyw B[nImcnIamsW
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 178 ss__nfpw {]h-N-\-§-fpw 179
ss__nfnÂ- {]hN\§fpmhmsa¶pw Ah ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸

Sm³ km[yXbps¶pw apkvenwIÄ AwKoIcn¡p¶p. ssZhnI
t_m[\§fpw {]hmNIhN\§fpw ss__nfnÂ Dv F¶Xp
sImmWnXv. ssZhnIt_m[\§fpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ {]hm
NI·mÀ \S¯nb {]hN\§sfÃmw ]pecpsa¶ Imcy¯nÂ
kwibsam¶panÃ. F¶mÂ ss__nfnÂ ssZhnIhN\§fpw
{]hmNIhN\§fpw am{XaÃ; ]ptcmlnX·mcpsSbpw aXt\
Xm¡fpsSbpw Ncn{XImc·mcpsSbpsaÃmw hN\§fpv. AXn
A\p-_Ôw 4 \memWv ss__nÄ {]hN\§fnÂ Nneh kw`hn¡m¯Xmbn
\ne\nÂ¡p¶Xv. am\pjnIamb IchncpXpIÄ \S¶n«pÅXn
ss__nfpw {]h-N-\-§-fpw \mÂ ss__nÄ ]pkvXI§fnse kw`hn¨n«nÃm¯ {]hN\
§Ä ssZh¯nÂ Btcm]n¨v Ah³ hcpw Imes¯¸än AÚ
\msW¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p¶Xv AhnthIamWv. ss__nÄ ]qÀ
ss__nfns³d ssZhnIXsb¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼mÄ km[mc Wambpw ]cnip²mXva{]tNmZnXambn FgpXs¸«XmsW¶v
Wbmbn kphntijI³amÀ Du¶Â \ÂImdpÅXv AXnse hmZn¡p¶hÀ ssZhs¯ ]cnanX\pw `mhnsb¸än IrXyambn
{]hN\§fnemWv. ss__nÄ ]pkvXI§fnÂ ImWs¸Sp¶ AdnhnÃm¯h\pam¡n¯oÀ¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. ssZhw
{]hN\§fne[nIhpw kXyk\v[ambn ]peÀ¶n«ps¶pw kw`hn¡psa¶v ]dª Imcyw kw`hn¨nsÃ¶v h¶mÂ ]ns¶
C\nbpw ]peÀ¶n«nÃm¯h XoÀ¨bmbpw ]pecpsa¶pw AXn B ssZh¯n\v F´v hne?
\mÂ kÀÆÚ\mb ssZh¯nÂ \n¶pÅXmWv ss__nsf¶v ss__nfnse Nne ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sm¯ {]hN\§Ä
Cu {]hN\§Ä hyIvXam¡p¶psh¶pamWv hmZw. {]KÂ` ImWpI:
kphntijI\mb F.hn.tXmakv FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI: ""Xncp 1. BZmw acn¨nÃ: DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯nÂ ImWp¶ ssZh
shgp¯nse {]hN\§Ä kvYeIme ]cnanXnIÄ¡XoX-ambn ¯ns³d H¶mas¯ {]hN\w Xs¶ sXänbn«ps¶mWv
AÂ`pXIcambn \ndthdn-bncn¡p¶ hkvXpX Bscbpw hnkv {]kvXpX ]pkvXI¯nÂ \n¶v a\ÊnemIp¶Xv. ssZhw BZm
abn¸n¡pw''. ant\mSv ]dbp¶ {]hN\w C§s\bmWv, ""tXm«¯nse FÃm
"k¼qÀW ssZhimkv{Xw' ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv: "Hcp hr£§fpsSbpw êw \n\¡v CjvSw t]mse Xn¶mw. F¶mÂ
{]hN\w bYmÀ°¯nÂ- {]hN\-ambn ]cnKWn¡s¸SWsa¦n \·Xn·Isf¡pdn¨pÅ Adnhns³d hr£¯nse êw \o
Â AXn\p ap³Iq«n ]dªsXms¡bpw kw`hn¡Ww. Hcp {]h Xn¶pIqSm. AXp Xn¶p¶ \mÄ \o XoÀ¨bmbpw acn¡pw''.
N\¯ns³d GsX¦nepw Hcp `mKw ]cmPbs¸«mÂ AXv ]cmP (DÂ]¯n 2:17)
bm[o\amb a\pjya\ÊnÂ \n¶v DfhmbXmWv. ssZh¯nÂ BZna\pjyt\mSpÅ ssZh¯ns³d Cu {]hN\w \ndthdn
\n¶pÅXÃ. ss__nÄ \nÀt±in¡p¶ ]cntim[\m{Iaw CXm tbm? BZmapw lÆbpw ]gw ]dn¨p Xn¶psh¶v ss__nÄ ]d
Wv. Cu \nehmc¯nÂ \ebpd¸n¨p \mw \nco£n¡pt¼mÄ bp¶p: "hr£¯ns³d I\n Xn¶m³ \ÃXpw I®n\v B\µIc
ss__nÄ ]qÀ®ambpw hnizk\obw F¶p a\ÊnemIpw'. hpw B hr£w PRm\{]m]vXn¡p ImayhpamsW¶p I
Cu AhImihmZ§Ä F{Xt¯mfw kXyk\v[amWv? t¸mÄ kv{Xo AXns³d I\n ]dn¨p Xn¶p. Iptd `À¯mhn\pw
sImSp¯p. Abmfpw Xn¶p. At¸mÄ CcphcptSbpw I®pIÄ (DÂ21:1þ3), CkvlmJns³d ]p{X³ bmt¡m_v (DÂ 25:19þ26),
Xpd¶p''. (DÂ 3:6,7) bmt¡m_ns³d ]p{X³ tehn (DÂ 35:22), tehnbpsS ]p{X³
Cu A\pkcWt¡Sv ImWn¨XmIs« ]nimNns³d {]tem` IlmXv (]pd 6:16), IlmXns³d ]p{X³ Awdmw (]pd 6:18),
\¯n\v hiwhZambn«mWv. {]kvXpX {]tem`\w C§s\bmbn Awdmans³d ]p{X³ tamsi (]pd 6:20). tami A{_lman\v
cp¶p. ""\n§Ä acn¡pIbnÃ. AXp Xn¶mÂ \n§fpsS I®p tijw Ggmw XeapdbnÂ hcp¶bmfmWv; \memw XeapdbnÂ
Xpd¡psa¶pw \·Xn·Isf Xncn¨dnªv \n§Ä ssZhs¯ hcp¶ hyIvXnbÃ. ssZh¯ns³d {]hN\w sXäp¶XmbmWv
t¸mse Bbn¯ocpsa¶pw ssZh¯n\dnbmw''(DÂ 3:5) F¶mÂ ChnsS \mw ImWp¶Xv.
F´mWv kw`hn¨Xv? ]gw ]dn¨p Xn¶t¸mÄ BZhpw lÆbpw 3. bmt¡m_nt\mSpÅ {]hN\w: Im\³ tZis¯¡pdn¨v
acn¨nÃ. am{XhpaÃ, ]nimNv {]hNn¨Xpt]mse AhÀ \·Xn· bmt¡m_nt\mSv ssZhw hmKvZm\w \ÂInbXmbn DÂ]¯n
Isf¡pdn¨v Adnbp¶h\mbn¯ocpIbpw sNbvXp: ""A\ćw ]pkvXI¯nÂ ImWmw. AXv C§s\bmWv: "\ns³d ]nXmhmb
IÀ¯mhmb ssZhw AcpÄ sNbvXp, ""t\m¡pI a\pjy³ \· A{_lmans³d ssZhhpw CklmJns³d ssZhhpamb IÀ¯m
Xn·IÄ Adnªv \½nÂ Hcphs\t¸mse Bbn¯oÀ¶ncn¡p hmWv Rm³. \o InS¡p¶ Cu tZiw \n\¡pw \ns³d ]n³apd
¶p.'' (DÂ 3:22) BZamIs« ]ns¶bpw 930 hÀjw Pohn¡pIbpw ¡mÀ¡pw Rm³ \ÂIpw.'' (DÂ]¯n 28:13)
sNbvXp. DÂ]¯n ]pkvIXw ssZh\nizkvXamsW¦nÂ ssZh
¯ns³d a\pjytcmSpÅ H¶mw {]hN\w sXänsb¶pw ]nimNn F¶mÂ Cu hmKvZm\w bmt¡m_ns³d PohnXIme¯v \nd
s³d {]hN\w ]peÀ¶psh¶pw k½Xnt¡nhcpw! thdnbnÃ. bmt¡m_nt\mSv ""\n\¡pw \ÂIpw'' F¶p ]dª
ssZh¯ns³d {]Nh\w ]qÀ¯nbmbnÃ F¶À°w.
2. A{_lmant\mSpÅ {]hN\w: A{_lmant\mSv ssZhw
\S¯p¶ Hcp {]hN\-apv, DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯nÂ. Im\m³ 4. bmt¡m_nt\mSpÅ hmKvZm\w: ssZhw bmt¡m_nt\mSv
tZi¯nte¡pÅ X\n-¡v tijw hcp¶ XeapdbpsS ]p\cmK At±ls¯ CuPn]vXnÂ \n¶v kz´w \m«nte¡v XncnsIsIm
a\s¯¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶ {]hN\w C§s\bmWv ""\ns³d ]n³ p hcpsa¶v hmKvZm\w sNbvXXmbn ss__nfnÂ ImWmw.
KmanIÄ A\ytZi¯p {]hmknIfmbncn¡pw. AhÀ AhnsS ""\nt¶msSm¶n¨v Rm\pw CuPn]vXnte¡v hcp¶pv. Rm³
ASnaIfmbncn¡pw. \m\qdp hÕcw aÀ±n¡s¸Spw. CXp XoÀ¨. \ns¶ Cu tZit¯¡v XncnsI sImphcpIbpw sN¿pw. tbm
]s£, AhÀ ASnafmbncn¡p¶ P\XbpsS taÂ Rm³ hn[n tk^v Xs³d ssI sImv \ns³d I®v Xncp½n ASbv¡pw''
\S¯pw. AhÀ AhnSw hn«p t]mcp¶Xv [mcmfw k¼¯pambn (DÂ]¯n 46:4) F¶mÂ Cu hmKvZm\w \ndthäs¸«nÃ. CuPn
«mbncn¡pw. A{_mta, \o-tbm \Ã hmÀ²Iy¯nse¯n, kam[m ]vXnÂ Xs¶bmWv bmt¡m_v ]n¶oSv Pohn¨Xpw acn¨Xpsa
\¯nÂ ]nXm¡·mtcmSv tNcpw, kwkvIcn¡s¸Spw, \ns³d Ãmw. C¡mcyhpw DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw Xs¶ ]dbp¶pv. ""bm
k´m\§Ä \memw XeapdbnÂ ChnsS aS§nsb¯pw; Atam t¡m_v CuPn]vXnÂ ]Xnt\gv hXvkcw Pohn¨p. A§s\
cnbpsS AXn{Iaw C\nbpw ]qÀ¯nbmbn«nÃ.'' (DÂ]¯n15:13þ17) Bbpjv¡mew sam¯w \qän \Â]t¯gp hÂkcw. acWk
A{_lmans³d k´XnIÄ \memw XeapdbnÂ Im\³ tZi abw ASp¯t¸mÄ C{kmtbÂ ]p{X\mb tbmtk^ns\ hnfn
¯v aS§nsb¯psa¶mWtÃm ChnsS {]hNn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. ¨p ]dªp'' (DÂ 47:28,29)
A{_lmans³d k´XnIÄ Im\³ tZit¯¡v aS§nsb¯n 5.tamsitbmSpÅ {]hN\w: ssZhw tamitbmSv \ÂIp¶
bXv tamibpsS Ime¯mWv. tamibmIs« Ggmas¯ Xeapd hmKvZm\w C§s\bmWv ""t]mIpI, CuPn]vXnÂ \n¶v \o
bnepÅ hyIvXnbpamWv. A{_lmans³d ]p{X³ CkvlmJv tamNn¸n¨p sImph¶ P\hpw \obpw ChnSw hn«p t]mIpI.''
""\ns³d A\ćmhIminIÄ¡v CXv \ÂIpw'' F¶p ]dªp 8. sbi¿mhns³d {]hN\w: CuPn]vXns\¡pdn¨v sbi¿m
A{_lman\pw Ckvlm¡n\pw bmt¡m_n\pw Rm³ hmKvZm\w hn\pmb Acpf¸mSmWv ]s¯m³]Xmw A[ymb¯nepÅXv.
sNbvX tZit¯m-«p t]mIpI. Rm³ \n\¡p apt¼ Hcp amemJ Cu Acpf¸mSnse ]e Imcy§fpw F§s\bpw hymJym\n¡m
sb Ab¨v I\m\nbÀ, AtamcnbÀ, ln¯nbÀ, s]cnknbÀ, ³ ]äp¶hbmWv. F¶mÂ Nne hN\§Ä hyIvXamb kqN\
lnhnbÀ, sb_qknbÀ F¶nhsc HmSn¨p Ifbpw''. (]pd¸mSv \ÂIp¶pv. Hcp hmIyw ImWpI: ""A¡me¯v CuPn]vXp
33:1,2) tZi¯v I\m³ `mj kwkmcn¡p¶ A©p \Kc§Ä Dmbn
Cu {]hN\w \ndthdnbnÃ. tamibpsS Ime¯v I\m\nb cn¡pw.'' (sbi 19:18)
tcm sb_qknbtcm HmSnt¸mbXmbn ss__ntfm aäp tcJItfm Cu {]hN\w \ndthdntbm? Ncn{X¯nsehnsSbpw CuPn]v
]Tn¸n¡p¶nÃ. Xnse A©p \Kc§fnÂ I\m³ `mj kwkmcn¡p¶ AhkvY
6. tamitbmSpÅ hmKvZm\w: cmw XhWbpw IÂ]eII bpmbXmbn ImWp¶nÃ. CXv `mhnbnÂ kw`hn¡m³ t]m
fnÂ ssZhw FgpXns¡mSp¡msa¶v ssZhw tamsitbmSp hmKv Ip¶ {]hN\amsW¶v IcpXm\pw \nÀÆmlanÃ. Im\m³ `mj
Zm\w sNbvXXmbn \mw ]pd¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nÂ hmbn¡p¶p. \mamhtijambn«v Ipsd sImÃ§fmbn. C¶v A¯csamcp
""ap¼t¯Xv t]mepÅ cp IÂ]eI sh«nsbSp¡pI. \o s]m `mj Xs¶ hyhlmcnI temI¯v \ne\nÂ¡p¶nÃ.
«n¨p Ifª BZys¯ ]eIIfnepmbncp¶ hm¡pIÄ Rm 9. knsZ¡nbmbnt\mSpÅ {]hN\w: blqZcmPmhmb
³ AhbnÂ FgpXn¯cmw.'' (]pd 34:1)
knsZ¡nbmbnt\mSv ssZhw \ÂIp¶ hmKvZm\w bnscaym ]pkv
Cu hmKvZm\w ssZhw \ndthänbnsÃ¶mWv ss__nÄ ]dbp XI¯nepv. AXv C§s\bmWv: "F¦nepw blqZ cmPmhmb
¶Xv. kzbw Fgp¯nXcmsa¶ ssZhnI hmKvZm\w \ndthämsX knsZ¡nbmtb, \o IÀ¯mhns³d hN\w tIÄ¡q. \ns¶¡p
tamitbmSv FgpXm³ ]dbp¶XmbmWv ]pd¸mSv ]pkvXI¯nÂ dn¨v IÀ¯mhv AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: ""\o hmfmÂ acn¡bnÃ; \o
\mw hmbn¡p¶Xv. ""Cu hm¡pI-Ä FgpXns¡mÄI: Cu hm¡p kam[m\¯nÂ acn¡pw. \n\¡p ap¼pmbncp¶ ]s¯
IÄ¡v A\pkrXambn Rm³ \nt¶mSpw C{kmtbent\mSpw cmPm¡·mcmb \ns³d ]nXm¡·mÀ¡p thn kpKÔ{Zhy§-
DS¼Sn sNbvXncn¡p¶p.'' (]pd 34:27)
Ä Fcn¨Xp t]mse \n\¡p thnbpw BfpIÄ kpKÔ{Zhy
7. C{kmtbent\mSpÅ hmKvZm\w: C{kmboÂ kaqlt¯m §Ä Fcn¡pw.''(bnscaym 34:4,5)
Sv ssZhw \ÂIp¶ hmKvZm\w BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXI¯nÂ hnh
cn¡p¶pv. AXv C§s\bmWv : "\ns³d ssZhamb IÀ¯mhv Cu hmKvZm\w \ndthds¸«pthm? "kam[m\¯nÂ acn¡pw'
hmKvZm\w sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv t]mse \ns¶ A\p{Kln¡pw; \o F¶v {]hNn¡s¸« knsZ¡nbmbpsS Aýw F§s\bmbncp
At\Iw P\XIÄ¡p ISw sImSp¡pw; F¶mÂ \o ISw hm§p ¶p? bnscaymbpsS ]pkvXI¯nÂ \n¶pw \mw hmbns¨Sp¡pI.
IbnÃ. \o At\Iw P\XIsf `cn¡pw; F¶mÂ AhÀ \ns¶ ""_m_ntem¬ cmPmhv knsZ¡nbmbpsS I¬ap¼nÂ h¨v Abm
`cn¡pIbnÃ.'' (Bh 15:6) fpsS ]p{X·msc sh«ns¡m¶p. blqZbnse kÀÆ{]`p¡·msc
Cu hmKvZm\w ]men¡s¸«n«nsÃ¶v GhÀ¡pw Adnbmhp¶ bpw AbmÄ dn_vembnÂ h¨v sIm¶-p. AbmÄ knsZ¡nbmbp
XmWv. C{kmboÂ kapZmbw ]ecmepw `cn¡s¸«n«pv. AhÀ sS cp I®pw s]m«n¨p. Abmsf N§eIfnÂ _Ôn¨p. _m
]eXhW ]ecnÂ \n¶pw ISw hm§nbn«pv. Hcp cmjv{Ssa¶ _ntem¬ cmPmhv Abmsf _m_ntemWnÂ sImpt]mbn
\nebv¡v C¶pw C{kmboÂ Atacn¡tbmSpw aäpw h¼n¨ Poh]cy´w XShnem-¡n.'' (bnscaymhv 52:10,11)
IS¯nemWpÅXv. 2 cmPm¡·mÀ 25:7epw C¡mcyw ]cmaÀin¡p¶pv.
10. tbminbmtbmSpÅ {]hN\w: tbminbm cmPmhnt\mSpw 12. tIm\ymsb¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: sbtlmbm¡oans³d

\o kam[m\t¯msS acWs¸Spsa¶v ssZhw hmKvZm\w \ÂIp ]p{X\mb tIm\ymsb¡pdn¨v bnscaym ]pkvXI¯nÂ Hcp {]h
¶Xmbn cmPm¡·mcpsS cmw ]pkvXI¯nÂ ImWmw. AXn N\apv. AXn§s\bmWv. "tIm\ym F¶ Cu a\pjy³,
§s\bmWv. ""IÀ¯mhmWv CXv AcpÄ sN¿p¶Xv: AXp sIm Bcpw Imcyam¡m¯, \nµn¡s¸« Hcp DSª ]m{Xtam? Abm
v Rm³ \ns¶ \ns³d ]nXm¡·mtcmSp tNÀ¡pw. \o kam[m fpw AbmfpsS k´XnIfpw AhÀ¡v AÚmXamb Hcp tZi
\t¯msS \ns³d ihIpSoc¯nte¡p t]mIpw. Cu kvYe¯p t¯¡v Npgän Fdnbs¸Sp¶Xv F´psImv? AÃtbm tZita,
Rm³ Dm¡p¶ A\À°§sfm¶pw \ns³d I®pIÄ ImWp tZita, tZita, IÀ¯mhns³d hN\w tIÄ¡q! IÀ¯mhv Acp
IbnÃ.'' (2 cmPm¡·mÀ 22:20) Ä sN¿p¶p: Cu a\pjy³ a¡fnÃm¯hs\¶pw Bbpjv¡m
e¯v hnPbw hcn¡m¯hs\¶pw FgpXn shbv¡q. ImcWw,
Cu hmKvZm\hpw \ndthäs¸«nsÃ¶mWv ss__nÄ ]Tn¸n hopw ZmhoZns³d knwlmk\¯nÂ Ccp¶p blqZm `cn¡m³
¡p¶Xv. tbminbmbpsS Aýw AXnZmcpWambncp¶psh¶v AbmfpsS k´XnIfnÂ BÀ¡pw km[yamhnÃ.'' (bnscaymhv
]gb\nba¯nÂ Xs¶ H¶ne[nIw XhW hyIvXam¡nbn«p 22:28þ30)
v. "hnÃmfnIÄ tbminbm cmPmhns\ FbvXp. cmPmhp Zmk
tcmSp ]dªp: "Fs¶ sImp t]mIq, F\n¡p hÃmsX apdn Cu {]hN\{]Imcw tImXym¡v a¡fpmhm³ ]mSnÃ.
thäncn¡p¶p.' Zmk³ Abmsf cY¯nÂ \n¶nd¡n AbmfpsS F¶mÂ, Zn\hr¯m´w H¶mw ]pkvXI¯nÂ sbtlmbm¡oan
s³d ]p{X\mb sbtIm\ymbpsS ]p{X·msc¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶p
cmw cY¯nÂ sPdqieante¡p sImph¶p.'' (2 Zn\hr¯m v: AXv C§s\bmWv: "sbtlmbm¡oans³d ]n³apd¡mÀ:
´w 35:23,24) AbmfpsS ]p{X³ sbtIm\ym, AbmfpsS ]p{X³, knsZ¡nbm,
""tbminbm cmPmhv CuPn]vXp cmPmhns\ t\cn«p. saKnt±m _Ô\kvY\mb sbtIm\bmbpsS ]p{X·mÀ: AbmfpsS ]p{X
bnÂ h¨v tbminbmsb It¸mÄ ^dthm\mb s\tIm Abm ³ sibÂ¯osbÂ, aÂ¡odmw, s]Zmbm, si\ÊÀ, sbIaobm,
sf h[n¨p. ZmkÀ cmPmhns³d arXtZlw saKnt±mbnÂ \n¶v tlmimam, s\Z_ym.'' (1 Zn\hr¯m´w 3:16þ18)
Hcp cY¯nÂ sPdpiteanÂ sImpsN¶v AbmfpsS kz´w 13. lmtkmdns\¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: lmtkmÀ {]tZis¯¡p
ihIpSoc¯nÂ kwkvIcn¨p.'' (2 cmPm¡·mÀ 23:29,30) dn¨v bnscaymbpsS ]pkvXI¯nÂ Hcp {]hN\apv. AXn§
11. sPdqkteans\¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: sbi¿mhns³d s\bmWv. ""lmtkmÀ, Ipdp\cnIfpsS CSamIpw; \nXyamb ]mgv
]pkvXI¯nse Hcp {]hN\ {]Imcw sbi¿mhn\v tijw ]cn \new. Bcpw AhnsS ]mÀ¡bnÃ. Bcpw AhnsS {]thin¡
tÑZ\w sN¿m¯ Bcpw Xs¶ sPdqkteanÂ {]thin¡pIbn bpanÃ.'' (bnscaymhv 49:33)
Ã. {]hN\w ImWpI ""kntbmt\, DWcpWcq; \ns³d iIvXn Cu {]hN\¯n\v tijhpw ]ecpw lmtkmdnÂ ]mÀ¡pI
BÀPn¡p; hnip² \Kcamb sPdpieta, \o \ns³d AgImÀ¶ bpw {]th-i-n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv. C¶pw P\§Ä B {]tZi
hkv{X§Ä [cn¡q; ImcWw ]cntÑZ\w \S¯m¯ht\m, ¯v Pohn¡p¶p. Ncn{X¯nsehnsSbpw lmtkmÀ {]tZiw Ipdp
ip²nbnÃm¯ht\m C\n \n¶nÂ {]thin¡bnÃ.'' (sbi¿mhv \cnIfpsS CSambn¯oÀ¶Xmbn kqNn¸n¡p¶nÃ.
52:1) Cu {]hN\¯n\v tijw e£¡W¡n\v ]cntÑZ\w 14. _m_ntemWns\¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: _m_ntemWns\
sN¿m¯ a\pjyÀ sPdpkteanÂ t]mhpIbpw AhnsS Xmak ¡pdn¨pw lmtkdns\¡pdn¨p ]dªXp t]msebpÅ Hcp {]h
am¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv. C¶pw sNbvXp sImncn¡p¶p. N\w bnscaymbpsS ]pkvXI¯nepv. {]kvXpX {]hN\w t\m
sbi¿mhns³d Cu {]hN\hpw sXänsb¶À°w. ¡pI: "BIbmÂ _m_ntemWnÂ h\yarK§fpw Ipdp¡\pw
Hcpan¨p ]mÀ¡pw. H«I]£n ]mÀ¡pw. taemÂ Hcn¡epw Ah ""\ns³d k¼¯pIÄ AhÀ sImÅbSn¡pw. \ns³d I¨hS
fnÂ BÄ¸mÀ¸pmIbnÃ. Hcp Xeapdbnepw AhnsS \nhmkn ¨c¡pIÄ AhÀ A]lcn¡pw. \ns³d aXnepIÄ CSn¨p \nc
IÄ DmIbnÃ. ssZhw sktZmans\bpw sKmtamdmtbbpw Ab ¯n \ns³d at\mlc `h\§Ä \in¸n¡pw. \ns³d IÃpw
Â \Kc§tfbpw \in¸n¨t¸mÄ F¶t]mse Bcpw AhnsS XSnbpw a®pw AhÀ Pecminbnte¡v Fdnbpw. \ns³d Km\
hkn¡bnÃ. Hcp a\pjy\pw AhfnÂ {]thin¡bnÃ. IÀ¯m [mc Rm³ Ahkm\n¸n-¡pw. \ns³d In¶c§fpsS \mZw C\n
hmWv CXv AcpÄ sN¿p¶Xv.'' (bnscaymhv 50:40,41) tIÄ¡pIbnÃ. Rm³ \ns¶ shdpsamcp ]mdbm¡pw.he hncn¨v
CtX Imcyw Xs¶ sbi¿mhns³d ]pkvXI¯nepapv: DW¡m\pÅ Hcp kvYeamIpw \o. \ns¶ Hcn¡epw ]p\cp²cn
"_m_ntem¬! cmPy§fpsS {]Xm]w, IÂZmbcpsS tXPÊpw ¡nÃ. IÀ¯mhmb Rm³ AcpÄ sNbvXncn¡p¶p. IÀ¯mhmb
A`nam\hpwþ AXv ssZhw \in¸n¨ skmtZmapw, tK-mtamdbpw ssZhamWv CXv AcpÄ sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv.''
t]msebmIpw! AhnsS BÄ¸mÀ¸v DmInÃ; Hcp Xeapdbnepw ""AXn\mÂ \n¶-nÂ Hcn¡epw BÄ¸mÀ¸pmInÃ; Pohn¡p
P\hmkw DmInÃ. Hcp Ad_nbpw AhnsS IqSmcw ASn¡bn ¶hcpsS tZi¯v \n\¡v CSw e`n¡bpanÃ. Rm³ \ns¶ `b¦
Ã. Hcp CSb\pw Xs³d B«n³]äs¯ AhnsS InS¯pIbnÃ. camb \mi¯nÂ F¯n¡pw; \o ]ns¶ _m¡nbpmInÃ;
F¶mÂ h\yarK§Ä AhnsS InS¡pw. AhnSs¯ hoSpIfnÂ At\zjn¨mepw \ns¶ Hcn¡epw Is¯pIbnÃ. IÀ¯mhmb
aq§IÄ \ndbpw. H«I¸£nIÄ AhnsS ]mÀ¡pw. Im«mSpIÄ ssZhamWv CXv AcpÄ sN¿p¶Xv.''(26:20,21)
AhnsS Iq¯mSpw. AhnSs¯ tKm]pc§fnÂ IgpX¸penIfpw ""`b¦camb \miw \n\¡v Dmbncn¡p¶p; F¶t¶¡p
aWntaSIfnÂ Ipdp\cnIfpw Iq¡phnfn¡pw. AXns³d kabw ambn \o s]mbvt¸mbncn¡p¶p.''(21:36)
ASp¯ncn¡p¶p. AXns³d Znhk§Ä \ofpIbnÃ.''(sbi
13:19þ22) Cu {]hN\¯nÂ ]dbp¶Xpt]msebpsÅmcp \miw ssSÀ
\Kc¯n\v Dmbn«ptm? CsÃ¶mWv D¯cw. tbiphpw
Cu {]hN\§Ä ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«n«nsÃ¶Xv Hcp hÀ¯ ]utemkpsaÃmw ssSdnÂ t]mhpIbpw Xmakn¡pIbpw sNbvX
am\Ime A\p`hamWtÃm. Cu {]hN\¯n\p tijw C¶ph XmbpÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä ]pXnb\nba¯nepv. GXm\pw Nne
sc _m_ntemWnÂ BÄ XmakanÃm¯ AhkvYbpmbn«nÃ. ]pXnb \nba ]cmaÀi§Ä ImWpI: "tbip AhnsS \n¶v
h\yarK§fpsS tI{µtam aq§Ifpw H«I¸£nIfpw IgpX¸p ssSÀþ kntZm³ tZit¯¡p t]mbn. CXm, B {]tZi¯p \n¶v
enIfpw Ipdp\cnIfpw Im«mSpIfpw Iq¯mSp¶ kvYetam Bbn Hcp I\m³Imcn h¶v \n-ehnfn¨p ]dªp.'' (a¯mbn15:21)
«nÃ. C¶pw _m_ntemWnÂ P\hmkapv: ktZmw sKmtadsb
t¸mse B {]tZiw Hcn¡epw Bbn«nÃ. ""tbip AhnsS \n¶v ]pds¸«v ssSÀ kntZm³ {]tZit¯¡p
t]mbn. AhnsS Ah³ Hcp ho«nÂ {]thin¨p. Xs³d km¶n
15. ssSdns\¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: _m_ntem¬ cmPmhmb ²yw Bcpw AdnbcpsX¶v Ah³ B{Klns¨¦nepw clkyam
s\_p¡Zv \ÊÀ ssSdns\Xnsc BªSn¡psa¶pw ssSKÀK bn Ignbm³ Ah\p km[n¨nÃ.'' (amÀt¡m-kv- 7:24)
\cw ]qÀWambn¯s¶ XIÀ¡s¸Spsa¶pw tijw AXnÂ
BÄ]mÀ¸pmIpIbnsÃ¶psaÃmw ssZhw ]dbp¶Xmbn "tbip ssSÀ tZi¯p \n¶p aS§n kotZm³ hgn sZ¡ms¸m
Fsk¡ntbÂ ]pkvXIw D²cn¡p¶pv: ""IÀ¯mhmb ssZhw enkneqsS Keoem ISÂ¯oct¯¡p t]mbn.' (amÀt¡m-kv- 7:3)
AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: hS¡p \n¶v _m_ntem¬ cmPmhmb s\_p "ssSdnÂ Nc¡v Cd¡m³ Dmbncp¶Xp sImv R§Ä
IZv s\kdns\, cmPm¡·mcpsS cmPmhns\ Rm³ ssSdn\v AhnsS Ic¡v Cd§n. injy·msc Ip]nSn¨v Ggp Znhkw
FXnsc sImphcpw.'' (Fk¡ntbÂ 26:7) R§Ä AhnsS Xmakn¨p.' (At¸m 21:3)
CXn¶À°w tbiphns³dbpw At¸mkvXe³amcpsSbpsa F¶p \n§Ä {Kln¨psImÅpI. kXyambn Rm³ \n§tfmSp

Ãmw Ime¯v ssSÀ \nehnepmbncp¶psh¶pw AhnsS P\hm ]dbp¶p: ChsbÃmw kw`hn¡p¶Xp hsc Cu Xeapd IS¶p
kapmbncp¶psh¶pamWtÃm. ssSdns\¡pdn¨ Fk¡ntben t]mIbnÃ. ' (aÀ 13:29,30)
s³d {]hN\w sXänt¸mbnsb¶mWtÃm CXnÂ \n¶v a\Ên eqt¡mkpw C¡mcyw D²cn¡p¶pv. (eqt¡m 21:32)
emIp¶Xv. tbiphn\v tijw At\Iw XeapdIÄ Ignªpt]mbn. CXp
16. tbiphns³d cmw hchns\¡pdn¨ {]hN\§Ä: hsc temImhkm\w kw`hn¨n«nÃ. aÀt¡mkv, eqt¡mkv F¶n
tbip cmaXp `qanbnte¡v hcpsa¶pw ChnsS ssZhcmPyw hÀ {]ImcapÅ tbiphns³d {]hN\w ]ng¨psh¶v kmcw.
kvYm]n¡psa¶pw kqNn¸n¡p¶ Nne {]hN\§Ä ss__nfn 18. ]p\cp°m\s¯¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: tbip Xs³d ]p\cp
epv. Ah ImWpI. °m\s¯¡pdn¨v {]hNn¡p¶Xmbn a¯mbn D²cn¡p¶Xv
"a\pjy]p{X³ Xs³d cmPy¯nÂ hcp¶Xv ImWpw ap¼v C§s\bmWv: "ZpjvShpw AhnizkvXamb XeapdbmWv AS
acWw {]m]n¡m¯ NneÀ ChnsS \nÂ¸pv.' (a¯mbn 16:28) bmfw At\zjn¡p¶Xv. tbm\m{]hmNIs³d ASbmfaÃmsX
"a\pjy ]p{Xs\ iIvXnbpsS heXp`mK¯ncn¡p¶h\mbpw asämcp ASbmfhpw AXn\p \Â-Is¸SpIbnÃ. tbm\m, aq¶p
hm\taL§tfmsS hcp¶h\mbpw \n§Ä ImWpw.' (amÀt¡m- cmhpw aq¶p ]Iepw XnanwKe¯ns³d DZc¯nÂ Bbncp¶p.
kv- 14:62) AXpt]mse a\pjy ]p{X\pw aq¶p cmhpw aq¶p ]Iepw `qan
"kXyambn Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbp¶p: ssZhcmPyw ImWpw bpsS DÅnÂ Bbncn¡pw.'' (a¯mbn 12:39,40)
ap¼p acWw {]m]n¡m¯ NneÀ ChnsS \nÂ¸pv.' (eq¡v 9:27) Cu {]hN\{]Imcw aq¶p cmhpw aq¶p ]Iepw tbip IÃd
Cu hN\§Ä {]Imcw tbiphns³d ]p\cmKa\hpw ssZh bnÂ InS¶n«pm-IWw. F¶mÂ ss__nfnse hniZoIcW
cmPy kvYm]\hpsaÃmw ImWphm³ At±l¯ns³d At¸mkv §Ä {]Imcw tbip cp cmhpw Hcp ]Iepw am{Xta IÃdbnÂ
Xe³amcnÂ NneÀs¡¦nepw Ahkcw e`nt¡Xmbncp¶p. InS¶n«pÅpsh¶v- ImWmw. kphntij§Ä {]Imcw, shÅnbm
]t£ tbip t]mbn cmbncw hÀjw Ignªp. tbiphns³d gvNbmWv tbip {Iqin¡s¸«X.-v shÅnbmgvN kÔytbmsSbm
Ime¯pmbncp¶ HcmÄ t]mepw C¶v Pohn¨ncn¡p¶nÃ. Wv tbiphns³d arXtZlw IÃdbnÂ sh¨Xv. RmbmdmgvN
""ssZhcmPyw ImWpw ap¼v acWw {]m]n¡m¯ NneÀ ChnsS AXncmhnse, Ccp«mbncns¡¯s¶ aKvZe\adnbbpw aäpw
\nÂ¸pv'' F¶pw aäpapÅ tbiphns³d {]hN\§Ä A_² IÃdbv¡Sp¯v sN¶t¸mÄ AhnsS arXicocw InsÃ¶pw
§fmbn¯oÀ¶psh¶v kmcw. tbip ]p\cp°m\w sNbvXncp¶psh¶pamWv kphntij IÀ
17. temImhkm\s¯¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: aÀt¡mkns³d ¯m¡Ä ]dbp¶Xv. At¸mÄ tbiphns³d icocw F{X cm{Xn
kphntij¯nÂ tbip temImhkm\s¯¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶ Hcp bpw ]Iepw IÃdbnÂ InS¶ncn¡Ww? shÅnbmgvN cm{Xnþ
`mKapv. kqcy³ CcpfpIbpw N{µ³ sI«pt]mIpIbpw \£{X i\nbmgvN ]IÂþ i\nbmgvN cm{Xn. cp cm{Xnbpw Hcp ]Iepw
§Ä DXnÀ¶p hogpIbpsaÃmw sN¿p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v ]dª am{Xw! ]p\cp°m\s¯¡pdn¨ tbiphns³d {]hN\hpw sXän
tijw CsXÃmw B XeapdbnÂ Xs¶ kw`hn¡psa¶mWv sb¶À°w.
tbip kqNn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. aÀt¡mkv tbiphns\ D²cn¡p¶ 19. acWm\ć PohnXs¯¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: acWm\ć
Xv ImWpI, "A{]Imcw Xs¶, Ch kw`hn¡p¶Xp ImWpt¼m PohnXs¯¡pdn¨v tbip \S¯p¶ {][m\s¸« Hcp {]hN\w
Ä, Ah³ hfsc ASp¯v ]SnhmXnÂ¡Â F¯nbncn¡p¶p a¯mbn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶pv. AXn§s\bmWv ""kXyambn
Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbp¶p: bpKkam]vXnbnse ]p\ÀPohnX

¯nÂ, a\pjy]p{X³ Xs³d al\ob knwlmk\¯nÂ D]hn
jvS\mIpt¼mÄ Fs¶ A\pKan¨ \n§Ä C{kmtbens³d
]{´p tKm{X§sf hn[n¨p sImp ]{´p knwlmk\§
fnÂ Ccn¡pw'' (a¯m 19:28)
F´mWv Cu {]hN\w AÀ°am¡p¶Xv? tbiphns³d
]{´v At¸mkvXe·mcpw acWm\ćPohnX¯nÂ BZcn¡
s¸SpIbpw AhnsS sh¨v ]{´v knwlmk\§fnÂ Ccp¶p
sImv C{kmboense ]{´v tKm{X§fpsS \ymbw hn[n A\p-_Ôw 5
¡pbpw sN¿psa¶v. Bscms¡bmWv Cu ]{´v At¸mkv ss__nfnse imkv{Xm_²§Ä
Xe·mÀ? a¯mbn 10: 1þ5 hN\§fnÂ Bscms¡bmWv ChÀ
F¶p ]dbp¶pv. ]t{Xmkv apXÂ bqZm CkvIm-c-nbm¯v hsc
bpÅ ]{´p t]À! Cu ]{´p t]cpw acWm\ć Pohn ss__nfnÂ Hscmä A_²w t]mepansÃ¶v hmZn¡p¶hÀ
X¯nÂ _lpam\n¡s¸Spsa¶mWv \tS D²cn¨ {]hN\¯n ss{IkvX-h-cn-ep-v. hniZoIcW§fnÂ kvJenX§fps¶v
Â ]dbp¶Xv. At¸mÄ bqZm CkvImcnbm¯ns³d Imcysa´m k½Xn¡p¶ ]WvUn-X³am-cp-apv.- ChÀ X½n-epÅ hmZ{]Xn
Wv? tbiphns\ HäpsImSp¯ hyIvXnbmWv bqZmkv. At±lw hmZ§Ä \S¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ km[mcW¡mcpsS {i² ]Xn
i]n¡s¸h\msW¶mWv FÃm ss{IkvXhkÌfpw hnizkn bp¶ Hcp bmYmÀ°yapv. GsXmcp km[mcW¡mc\pw a\Ên
¡p¶Xv. acWm\ć PohnXs¯¡pdn¨ tbiphns³d {]h emIp¶ H«\h[n A_²§Ä ss__nfneps¶ hkvXpX
N\hpw sXänsb¶mWtÃm CXnÂ \n¶v a\ÊnemIp¶Xv. bmWXv. hm¡pIÄ sImv Fs´´p kmaÀ°y§Ä ImWn¨m
epw ad¨psh¡m\mhm¯ A_²§fmWh. GXm\pw A_²
§Ä ImWpI:
1. kqcy\pmIp¶Xn\p ap¼v `qanbpmbn: DÂ]¯n
]pkvXIw XpS§p¶Xp Xs¶ "BZnbnÂ ssZhw BImihpw
`qanbpw krjvSn¨p' (DÂ]¯n 1:1)sh¶v ]dªpsImmWv.
\£{X§f-pw kqcy\psaÃmw krjvSn¡s¸«Xv \memw Znhkam
sW¶pw DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw (1:14þ19) DÂtLmjn¡p¶p. \£
{X§fpw kqcy\psaÃmw cq]s¸«Xn\v tijamWv `qanbpsS DÂ
]¯nsb¶mWv B[p\nI imkv{X¯ns³d hnebncp¯Â.
CXp{]Imcw DÂ]¯nbnse krjvSn{Iaw imkv{Xhncp²amWv.
2. {]Imi t{kmXÊpIÄ DmIp¶Xn\p ap¼v {]Imiw:
{]Imi t{kmXÊpIfmb kqcy\pw \£{X§fpsaÃmw krjvSn
¡s¸«Xv \memw ZnhkamsW¶mWv DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 192 ss__nfnse imkv{Xm_²§Ä 193
(1:14þ19) ]dbp¶Xv. F¶mÂ {]ImiamIs« H¶mw Znhkw Xs¶ amwk`p¡pIÄ ]cnKWn¡s¸«n«nsÃ¶v hyIvXamWv. CXv
krjvSn¡s¸«n«ps¶pw (DÂ 1:3þ5) ]dbp¶p. {]Imit{kmX hymJym\n¨v H¸n¡Wsa¦nÂ H¶pInÂ A¶v amwk`p¡pÄ
ÊnÃmsX F§s\bmWv {]ImiapmbXv F¶ {]iv\w ss_ krjvSn¡s¸«n«nsÃ¶v ]dtbnhcpw. AXv ss__nfn\pw
_nÄ hymJymXm¡Ä¡v XethZ\bpm¡ns¡mv C¶pw imkv{XhkvXpXIÄ¡pw FXncmWv. Bdmw Znhkw ssZhw
\ne \nÂ¡p¶p. ]dbp¶ ImcyamWv apIfnÂ D²cn¨Xv. Cu kwkmc¯n\v
3. kqcy\nÃm¯ cm¸IepIÄ: H¶mw Znhkw Xs¶ cm{Xn tijw ]ns¶ krjvSn \S¶n«nsÃ¶À°w. a\pjy³ `qanbnÂ
bpw ]Iepw k\v[ybpw DjkpsaÃmw Dmbnsb¶v DÂ]¯n {]Xy£o`hn¡p¶Xn\v kl{km_vZ§Ä¡p ap¼p Xs¶ Chn
]pkvXIw (1:5) Hcp hi¯v ]dbp¶p. kqcy\pmbXmIs« sS amwk`p¡pIÄ Pohn¨ncp¶psh¶ hkvXpX DÂJ\\ Kth
\mem-w ZnhkamWv Xm\pw (1:16). kqcy\nÃmsX F§s\bmWv jW§fpw hyIvXam¡p¶pv. BZnbnÂ FÃm PohnIfpw
cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw kÔybpw DjkpsaÃmw DmbXv F¶ kky`p¡pIfmbncp¶psh¶pw ]n¶oSv amwk`p¡pIfmbn¯ocp
tNmZy¯n\v kphntijI·mcpsS I¿nÂ D¯canÃ. IbmWpmbsX¶pw hmZn¡pIbmWv Cu hN\w hymJym\n
4. kqcy\nÃmsX lcnX kky§Ä: DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯n ¡m\pÅ asämcp amÀKw. CXpw imkv{Xobambpw ss__nfn
se krjvSnhnhcW{]Imcw lcnXkky§Ä krjvSn¡s¸«Xv s³d ASnkvYm\¯nepw icnbÃ. a\pjy³ {]Xy£s¸«Xn\p
aq¶mw ZnhkamWv (1:11þ14). kqcy\mIs« \memw Znhkhpw. ap¼pXs¶ ChnsS amwk`p¡pIfpmbncp¶psh¶Xn\mÂ
lcnX kky§Ä¡v \ne\nÂ¡phm³ kqcy³ A\nhmcyamsW Xs¶ C¯csamcp hymJym\hpw imkv{Xobambn Akw_\v[
¶ hkvXpXbpambn CXv sshcp[yw ]peÀ¯p¶p. ambn `hn¡pw.
5. {]]©w BdpZnhkw sImv: Cu {]]©w apgph³ 7. hnjkky§fpw Blmcw: "ssZhw AcpÄ sNbvXp: t\m
krjvSn¡s¸«Xv Bdp Znhk§Ä sImmsW¶mWv DÂ]¯n ¡q, hn¯pÅ FÃm C\w sNSnIfpw hn¯pÅ êw Imbv¡p¶
]pkvXIw ]dbp¶Xv. Bdp Znhk§Ä sImv {]]© krjvSn FÃm C\w hr£§-fpw `qapJ¯v \n§Ä¡v Rm³ X¶ncn¡p
\S¯n Ggmw Znhkw ssZhw hn{ian¨psh¶pw ]dbp¶pv ¶p. Ah \n§Ä¡p `£Wambncn¡pw''. (DÂ]¯n 1:29). CXv
(DÂ]¯n 2:1þ3). Ccp]¯n\mep aWn¡qdpIfpÅ BdpZnhkw ssZhw a\pjycpsS BZn]nXmhnt\mSpw amXmhnt\mSpw ]d
sImmWv ssZhw {]]©krjvSn \S¯nbsX¶mWv DÂ]¯n ªXmbmWv ss__nÄ D²cn¡p¶Xv. Cu hN\{]Imcw FÃm
]pkvXIw ]dbp¶sX¶v AXnse hnhcW§Ä hmbn¨mÂ sNSnIfpw a\pjyÀ¡pÅ `£WamWv. F¶mÂ D{KhnjapÅ
t_m[yamIpw. tImSn¡W¡n\v hÀj§fneqsSbpÅ ]cnWma sNSnIÄ Cu `qapJ¯ps¶ hkvXpX \ap¡dnbmw. Ah
§Ä \S¶mWv JtKmf hkvXp¡fpw `qanbpsaÃmw C¶pÅ bpsS CeItfm ^ -- etam hnt¯m Xn¶mÂ a\pjy³ acn¨pt]m
kvYnXnbnse¯nt¨À¶sX¶ B[p\nI imkv{X \nKa\hpam Ipw. Ah a\pjyÀ¡v Hcp ImcWhimepw `£WamIm³ ]äp
bn CXv sshcp[yw ]peÀ¯p¶p. IbnsÃ¶v kmcw. "FÃm sNSnIfpw a\pjyÀ¡pÅ `£Wam
6. P´p¡sfÃmw kky`p¡pIÄ: ""`qanbnse FÃm arK§ Wv' F¶ {]kvXmh\ imkv{Xobambn sXämsW¶À°w.
Ä¡pw BImi¯nse FÃm ]£nIÄ¡pw \ne¯v Cgbp¶ 8. kÀ¸w s]mSn Xn¶ptam?: a\pjysc hgnsXän¨ kÀ¸s¯
FÃm P´p¡Ä¡pw PohizmkapÅ kIeXn\pw Blmcambn ssZhw i]n¡p¶Xmbn DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw ]dbp¶nS¯v
]¨ kky§sfms¡bpw Rm³ sImSp¯ncn¡p¶p''sh¶v ssZ ""PohnXImew apgph³ \o s]mSn Xn¶pw'' (3:14) F¶ ]cmaÀiw
hw ]dªXmbn DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw (1:30) D²cn¡p¶p. FÃm ImWmw. CXp{]Imcw kÀ¸§Ä A¶papXÂ C¶phsc s]mSn
arK§Ä¡papÅ BlmcamWv ]¨ kky§sf¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ Xn¶mWv Pohnt¡Xv. F¶mÂ hkvXpX A§s\bÃtÃm.
9. aghnÃv t\mln\v tijtam?: Pe{]fbw ian¨ tijw sa¦nepw ]Tn¨n«pÅhÀ¡v Adnbmhp¶XmWv. Ct¸mgpÅ apb
t\mlv s]«I¯nÂ \n¶v Cd§pIbpw ssZhw At±lhpw ]p{X epw Ipgnap-bepaÃ ChnsS Dt±in¡s¸«ncn¡p¶sX¶pw Ch
·mcpambn Hcp DS¼Snbpm¡pIbpw sNbvXXmbn ss__nÄ tbmSp kmayapÅXpw tamibsS Ime¯v Dmbncp¶Xpw
hnhcn¡p¶pv. DS¼Sn¡p tijw ssZhw ]dbp¶Xmbn DÂ] ]n¶oSv hwi\miw kw`hn¨pt]mbXpamb Hcp PohnbmWv Cu
¯n ]pkvXIw D²cn¡p¶p: ""\n§fpambpw \n§tfmsSm¶n¨p hN\§fnÂ "apbÂ' F¶p ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbncnbncn¡p¶sX
Å kÀÆ PohPme§fpambpw `mhn Xeapd¡v thn Fs¶ ¶pw NneÀ hmZn¡mdpv. A¶p Pohn¨ncp¶ Abhnd¡p¶
t¶bv¡pambn Rm³ sN¿p¶ Cu DS¼SnbpsS ASbmfw CXm apbens³d t^mknepIÄ CubnsS Ip]nSn¨n«ps¶phsc
Wv: Rm³ Fs³d hnÃv taL¯nÂ hbv¡p¶p. CXv Rm\pw ]dbmdpv, AhÀ. F¶mÂ ss__nÄ hmbn¡pIbpw C{kmbo
`qanbpw X½nÂ Dm¡nbn«pÅ DS¼SnbpsS ASbmfw Bbn eycpsS Ncn{Xw ]Tn¡pIbpw sNbvXhscm¶pw Xs¶ Cu hmZ
cn¡pw. Rm³ `qan¡p apIfnÂ taL§sf hcp¯pIbpw taL §sf apJhnes¡Sp¡bnsÃ¶v XoÀ¨bmWv. Gähpw ]pXnb
§fnÂ hnÃv {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ, Fs³d DS¼Sn, Cw¥ojv ss__nÄ ]Xn¸pIfnÂ t]mepw hare F¶pw convey
F\n¡v \nt¶mSpw FÃm PohnItfmSpapÅ DS¼Sn, Rm³ HmÀ F¶pamWv aqe]Zs¯ ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. Cu hN
an¡pw. C\ntaÂ Hcn¡epw shÅw FÃm PohPme§sfbpw \§fpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ kl{km_vZ§tfmfambn apben
\in¸n¡p¶ {]fbambn¯ocpIbnÃ. hnÃv taL§fnÂ Zriy s\bpw Ipgnapbens\bpw \njn²ambn IcpXnt¸mcp¶hcmWv
amIpt¼mÄ Rm³ AXns\ t\m¡pw; ssZhhpw `qapJ¯pÅ blqZ·mÀ. atätXm arKs¯¡pdn¨mbncp¶p Cu ]cmaÀisa
FÃm PohPme§fpw X½nÂ Dm¡nbn«pÅ imizXamb DS ¦nÂ AhÀ apbens\ \njn²ambn a\Ênem¡pIbnÃmbncp¶p
¼Sn HmÀan¡pIbpw sN¿pw. `qapJ¯v FÃm PohPme§fpambn sh¶v hyIvXamWv. Npcp¡¯nÂ, BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXIhpw te
Rm³ Dm¡nbn«pÅ DS¼Sn¡v CXv ASbmfambncn¡pw. (DÂ hym ]pkvXIhpw FgpXnb hyIvXn apbÂ Abhnd¡p¶psh¶v
]¯n 9:12þ17) a\Ênem¡nb Bfmbncp¶p. tUm.tPmk^v tIm«¡Â ]dª
t\mln\v tijamWv aghnÃv DmbXv F¶mWtÃm CXn¶À Xp t]mse ]et¸mgpw aq¡v Nen¸n¡p¶ apbens³d kz`mh¯n
°w. Aćo£¯nepÅ PeIW§fnÂ kqcy{]Imi¯n\v Â \n¶v {KÙImc\v AXv Abhnd¡p¶XmsW¶v tXm¶nb
{]IoÀW\w (dispersion) kw`hn¡p¶Xp aqeamWv aghnÃpm XmImw. GXmbncp¶mepw Cu hN\§Ä hyIvXamb imkv{Xh
Ip¶Xv. PeIWnIbnte¡v {]ImiIncW§Ä IS¡pt¼mÄ kvXpXIÄ¡v hncp²amWv.
{]IoÀW\w kw`hn¡psa¶Xv Hcp {]IrXn\nbaamWv. agbpw 11.hÆmÂ Hcp ]£n!: hÆmens\ ss__nÄ DÄs¸Sp¯nbn
kqcy\papmb Imew apXÂ Xs¶ aghnÃv Dmbncn¡Ww. cn¡p¶Xv ]£nIfpsS KW¯nemWv. (tehy 11:13þ19). IgpIs\
t\mln\v tijamWv aghnÃpmbsX¶ ss__nÄ ]cmaÀiw bpw sIm¡nt\bpw Im«ptImgntbbpw t]msebpÅ Hcp ]£n
AXpsImp Xs¶ imkv{X hncp²amWv. t\mln\v ap¼pwþ bmWv hÆmse¶mWv tehy ]pkvXI¯nepÅXv. ]£nIfnÂ
a\pjy³ `qanbnÂ {]Xy£s¸Sp¶Xn\p ap¼p Xs¶ ChnsS \n¶v XnI¨pw hyXykvXamb kz`mhkhntijXIfpÅ Hcp
agbpw kqcy\papmbncp¶p; AXpsImp Xs¶ aghnÃpapm kkvX\nbmWv hÆmÂ F¶ P´pimkv{Xw AÂ]sa¦nepw
bncp¶p. ]Tn¨n«pÅhÀs¡Ãmw Adnbmhp¶XmWv. ]£nIfpsS KW
10. apbÂ Abhnd¡p¶ Pohn: apbepw Ipgnapbepw Ab ¯nÂ Hcp AÀ°¯nepw DÄs¸Sp¯m³ ]äm¯ PohnbmWXv.
hnd¡p¶ PohnIfmsW¶mWv ss__nÄ ]dbp¶Xv. (tehy 12. cm¸IepIÄ krjvSn¡p¶Xv kqcyN{µ·mcpsS Ne\w:
11:6 Bh 14:7) CXv icnbsÃ¶v P´pimkv{X¯ns³d _me]mT kqcy N{µ·mcpsS Ne\amWv cmhpw ]Iepw krjvSn¡p¶sX
¶mWv ss__nÄ hmbn¨mÂ a\ÊnemhpI. tbmiphbpsS Ime `qanbpsS {àWhpw ]cn{IaWhpsam¶pw a\Ênem¡nbncp
¯v \S¶ bp²¯nÂ FXncmfnIsf tXmÂ]n¡p¶Xphsc ¶n«nÃm¯ Ime¯v cNn¡s¸« ]pkvXI§fnÂ C¯cw {]kv
kqcyt\mSv Kn_tbm\nepw N{µt\mSv A¿tem³ Xmgvhcbnepw Xmh\IÄ ImWpI kzm`mhnIamWv. F¶mÂ kÀÆÚ\mb
\nÂ¡mÂ ]dbpIbpw A§s\ Ah AkvXan¡msX \nivNe ssZh¯nÂ \n¶v C¯cw A_²§fpÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä hcnI
ambn \nÂ¡pIbpw At±lw bp²¯nÂ Pbn¡pIbpw sNbvX km[yaÃ.
IY tbmiphbpsS (tbmip 10:12þ15) ]pkvXI¯nepv. ]IÂ 15. BImi¯n\pw XqWpIÄ!: `qan¡v am{XaÃ, BImi¯n
amdn cm{Xn hcmXncn¡m³ kqcys³d Ne\w \n¶psh¶mWv \pw XqWpIfps¶mWv ss__nfnse Nne ]pkvXI§Ä ]d
tbmiphbpsS ]pkvXIw ]dbp¶Xv. cm¸IepIÄ krjvSn¡p bp¶Xv. Ct¿m_ns³d ]pkvXI¯nse ]cmaÀiw t\m¡pI
¶Xv `qanbpsS {àWamsW¶ hkvXpXbpsS shfn¨¯nÂ "Ah³ imkn¡pt¼mÄ BImi¯ns³d XqWpIÄ hnd¡p¶p'
t\m¡nbmÂ tbmiphbpsS ]pkvXI¯nse Cu ]cmaÀi§Ä (Ct¿m_v 26:11) `qan¡v apIfnÂ XqWpIfnÂ taÂ kvYm]n¡
Aimkv{XobamsW¶v ImWmw. s¸«ncn¡pIbmWvv BImisa¶ hnizmkambncp¶p C{kmbo
12.`qan¡v XqWpIÄ!: `qan XqWpIfnÂ taemWv kvYm]n¡ eyÀ¡pmbncp¶Xv. ss__nÄ apt¶m«psh¡p¶ hnizmkhpw
s¸«ncn¡p¶sX¶ C{kmboeycpsS A_² k¦Â]¯ns³d AXpXs¶!
kzm[o\w ss__nfnÂ DS\ofw ImWmw. GXm\pw ss__nÄ 16. kqcy³ BImi¯neqsS ]cyS\w \S¯p¶p!: {]`mXw
hmIy§Ä t\m¡pI. apXÂ {]tZmjw hsc kqcy³ BImi¯pIqSn ]cyS\w \S¯p
"`qanbpsS XqWpIÄ IÀ¯mhnt³dXs{X; AhbnÂ Ah³ ¶psh¶mWv ss__nÄ ]dbp¶Xv. "kqcy³, aWhd hn«p ]pd
temIs¯ Dd¸n¨ncn¡p¶p' (1imap 2:8) ¯p hcp¶ aWhmfs\t¸msebmWv, ]´btamSphm³ XpS§p
¶ iIvXs\t¸mse AXv BËmZn¡p¶p. BImi¯ns³d Aä
"AhÀ `qansb AXns³d kvYm\¯p \n¶v Cf¡n amäp¶p. ¯v AXv DZn¡p¶p; atä Aät¯mfamWv AXns³d ]cyS\w;
AXns³d XqWpIÄ InSnew sImÅp¶p.' (Ct¿m_v 9:6) AXns³d NqSnÂ \n¶v bmsXm¶pw ad¡s¸Sp¶nÃ.' (k¦o
"`qanbpsS Agnªpt]mIm¯ AkvYnhmc§tf, IÀ¯mhn 19:5,6). BImi¯ns³d Hcä¯p\n¶pw atä Aäw hsc ]cyS\w
s³d hmZw tIÄ¡q'. (aoJm 6:2) \S¯p¶ kqcys\¡pdn¨ k¦Â]w B[p\nI imkv{X¯n
`qan¡v XqWpIfps¶ ss__nÄ {]kvXmh\IÄ A_² s³d FÃm AfhptImepIÄ {]Imchpw ]cam_²amsW¶v
§fmsW¶v BÀ¡pw ]dªpsImSpt¡XnÃtÃm! kvIqÄ Ip«nIÄ¡pt]mepw Adnbmhp¶XmWv.
13. `qan¡v Ne\anÃ!: XqWpIfnÂ kvYm]n¡s¸« `qan¡v 17. `qan¡v \mep aqeIÄ: NXpcmIrXnbnepÅ Hcp hkvXp
bmsXmcp hn[ Ne\§fpansÃ¶mWv ss__nÄ ]dbp¶Xv. hmWv `qansb¶mbncp¶p C{kmboeo hnizmksa¶mWv a\Ên
"`qtemIw kpkvYm]nXamWv; AXv CfIpIbnÃ' (1 Zn\hr emIm³ Ignbp¶Xv. `qanbpsS \mep aqeIsf¡pdn¨ ]cmaÀi
¯m´w 16:30) §Ä ]gb\nba]pkvXI§fnÂ ImWm\mIpw. (DZm: sbi11:12).
Cu hnizmkw Xs¶bmbncp¶p ]pXnb \nbaIme¯pw \ne\n
"`qtemIw kpkvYm]nXamWv; AXv CfIpIbnÃ' (k¦oÀ¯ ¶ncp¶Xv. tbml¶m\v DmbXmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶ shfn]mSnÂ
\w 96:10) C¡mcyw kv]jvSamWv. "CXn\v tijw `qanbpsS \mep aqebnÂ,
"`qan Hcn¡epw CfInt¸mIm¯h®w AXns³d AkvXnhmc \mep amemJamÀ \nÂ¡p¶Xpw, Imäp `qanbpsStbm ISens³d
¯nÂ \o {]XnjvTn¨p' (k¦o 104:5) tbm hr£§fpsStbm taÂ hogmXncn¡m³ `qanbpsS \mep
ImäpItfbpw XSªpsh¡p¶Xpw Rm³ Ip' (shfn]mSv 7:1) (4:5) D²cn¡p¶pv. Hcp ae¡p apIfnÂ \n¶v temIw apgph³
18. ]c¶ `qan: ss__nfnse IYIfpw ]cmaÀi§fpsaÃmw ImWWsa¦nÂ `qan ]c¶Xmbncn¡WatÃm. ]pXnb\nba IÀ
]c¶ `qansbbmWv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. `qanbpsS tKmfmIrXnsb ¯m¡fpw `qan ]c¶XmsW¶ hnizmkw sh¨p ]peÀ¯nbncp
¡pdn¨ kqN\Isfm¶pw Xs¶ ss__nfnenÃ. ss__nÄ ¶hcmbncp¶psh¶v kmcw.
]pkvXI§Ä cNn¡s¸« Ime¯pmbncp¶ A_²[mcW 19) ISpIpaWn Gähpw sNdnb hnt¯m?: tbip{InkvXp
Ifnsem¶mWv "]c¶ `qan'sb¶ k¦Â]w. Cu k¦Â]w kzÀKcmPys¯ ISpIpaWntbmSv D]an¡p¶ cwKw kwlnX
Xs¶bmWv ]gb \nba¯nsebpw ]pXnb \nba¯nsebp kphntij§sfÃmw D²cn¡p¶pv: AhnsS tbip ]dbp¶
saÃmw ]pkvXI§fnepÅXv. Nne DZmlcW§Ä ImWpI: Xmbn "hn¯pIfnÂ Gähpw sNdpXmWv ISpIpaWn''sb¶v
a) Zm\ntbens³d cmw A[ymb¯nÂ cmPmhv I kz]v\
a¯mbnbpw (13:32) aÀt¡mkpw (4:31) FSp¯p ]dbp¶p. CXp
s¯¡pdn¨ Hcp hnhcWapv. Hcp {]XnabpsS XIÀ¨bmWv icnbsÃ¶v C¶v \ap¡v IrXyambn Adnbmhp¶XmWv. ISpIp
kz]v\¯nse hnjbw. kz]v\s¯¡pdn¨v hnhcn¡sh, C§ aWntb¡mÄ sNdnb \qdpIW¡n\v hn¯pIsf¡pdn¨v \mw
a\Ênem¡pt¼mÄ ss__nfnse Cu {]kvXmh\ Aimkv{Xo
s\sbmcp ]cmaÀiw ImWmw "{]Xna XIÀ¯ IÃv Hcp alm]À bamsW¶v \ap¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶pv.
ÆXambn `qan apgph³ \ndªp.' (Zm\ntbÂ 2:35). Hcp ]ÀÆXw
`qan apgph³ \ndªp\nÂ¡Wsa¦nÂ `qan ]c¶Xmbncn¡W 20) hr¯¯ns³d Npäfhnse A_²w: tkmfa³ cmPmhv
atÃm. Cu ]pkvXIsagpXnb hyIvXn `qan ]c¶XmsW¶ k¦ \nÀ½n¨ Bebs¯¡pdn¨v hniZamb hnhcWw Zn\hr¯m´w
Â]apÄs¡mpsImmWv CXv FgpXnbsX¶v hyIvXamWv. cmw ]pkvXIw aq¶v, \mev A[ymb§fnepw cmPm¡·mcpsS
H¶mw ]pkvXI¯nÂ Ggmw A[ymb¯nepapv. Beb¯nÂ
b) Zm\ntbens³d \memw A[ymb¯nÂ asämcp kz]v\s¯ hmÀ¯pm¡nb hr¯mIrXnbnepÅ ISens³d ""ht¡mSv
¡pdn¨ ]cmaÀiapv. Hcp acamWv AXnse {][m\ {]Xn]mZyw. h¡v ]¯p apgw, Dbcw A©p apgw, Npäfhv ap¸Xv apgw'' (2Zn\
acs¯¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: "`qan at[y hfsc DbcapÅ 4:2 1 cmPm 7:23) F¶mWv ]dªncn¡p¶Xv. CXv KWnXimkv{X
Hcp acw Rm³ Ip. B acw hfÀ¶p Icp¯mÀÖn¨p. Aw_c ]cambn sXämWvv. ]¯papgw hymkapÅ hr¯¯n\v 31.42 apgw
Npw_nbmb B acw `qanbpsSAXnÀ¯nIÄ hsc Zriyambncp Npäfhv ImWpw. Npäfhv 30 apgw F¶v ss__nfnÂ ]dªncn
¶p.'' (Zm\ntbÂ 4:10þ11). `qanbpsS AXnÀ¯nIÄ !! B AXnÀ ¡p¶Xv KWnXimkv{X¯ns³d ho£W¯nÂ A_²amsW
¯nIfnÂ \n¶p t]mepw ImWmhp¶ acw!!! CsXÃmw Hcp ]c¶ ¶À°w.
`qanbnÂ am{Xta km[yamhpIbpÅqsh¶v ]dtbXnÃtÃm. ss_-_n-fn-se- hy-à-am-b- C-¯-cw- A-im-kv-{Xo-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i§
c) tbiphns\ ]nimNv {]tem`n¸n¡p¶ cwKw a¯mbnbpw Ä¡p- t\-sc- ]p-dw- Xn-cn-ªv- \nÂ-¡p-I-bm-Wv kp-hn-ti-j-I-·mÀ-
eqt¡mkpw hnhcn¡p¶pv. km¯m³ At±lt¯mSv ]e tNm sN-¿p-¶Xv.- Cu- A-i-m-kv-{Xo-b-X-IÄ-¡v- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm³- an-\s¡
Zy§fpw tNmZn¡pIbpw Ahs¡Ãmw {]amW§fpsS shfn¨ -Sm-sX- hn-aÀ-i-IÀ-¡p -t\-sc- sh-Ãp-hn-fn-IÄ- D-¶-bn-¨v- X-§-tfmsSm
¯nÂ At±lw adp]Sn ]dbpIbpw sNbvXXmbn Cu kphnti ¸
- a- p-Åh- s- c- kwXr-]vX
- cm-¡m³- {i-an-¡p-Ib
- m-Wv A-hc- p-sS- X{´w.-
j§Ä hyIvXam¡p¶p. ""XpSÀ¶v ]nimNv tbiphns\ hfsc Xn-cp-sh-«mÀ- Ir-jvW³- Ip-«n- F-gp-Xp-¶-Xv- Im-Wp-I.-
DbÀ¶ Hcp aebpsS apIfnte¡v Iq«ns¡mpt]mbn, temI ""ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-h- \n-i-zm-ko-b-X-sb-,- sXfn-bn-¡p-¶- C¯-
¯nse FÃm cmPy§fpw AhbpsS {]Xm]hpw ImWn¨p sImSp cw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- h-kv-Xp-X- h-f-sc-tb-sd- D-v.- 1935Â- Ata-cn
¯p'' sh¶mWv a¯mbn (4:8) ]dbp¶Xv. C¡mcyw eqt¡mkpw ¡-bn-se- k-b³-kv- _yq-tdm-bp-sS- sN-bÀ-am-\mbn-cp-¶- tUm-:- lmcn-
dn-½À,- ""R-§f- p-sS- hn-izm-k¯

- n-\p- B-[m-ca- m-b- ss_-_nÄ- Aim-
kv-{Xo-bw- F-¶v- sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶- BÀ-¡pw- B-bn-cw- tUm-fÀ- C\mw''-
F-¶p- C-cp-]-¯n-tb-gp-cm-P-y-§-fnÂ- {]-Jym-]-\w- \-S-¯n-.- ]-t£,-
A-Xp- sX-fn-bn-¨p- hn-P-bn-bm-Ip-hm³- BÀ-¡pw- I-gn-ª-Xm-bn- Adn-
hn-Ã.-
C§s\ shÃp-hn-fn-¡p-¶-h-cmcpwXs¶ apI-fnÂ kqNn-¸n¨
hnaÀi-\-§-fn-te-Xn-s\-¦nepw kwXr-]vX-amb adp-]Sn \ÂIn-bXv
In-«n-Ã. shÃp-hnfn hnZKv-Z-cpsS e£yw AWn-Isf ]nSn¨p A\p-_Ôw 6
\nÀ¯pI am{X-am-WtÃm.
]gb \nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä
]gb \nba¯nse GXm\pw sshcp²y§Ä ImWpI:

ssZhtam sNIp¯mt\m?
2 imapthÂ 24:1
"hopw IÀ¯mhns³d tIm]w C{kmboen\p t\sc Pzen¨p.
"t]mIq; C{kmboens³dbpw blqZmbptSbpw P\kwJysbSp
¡pI' F¶p ]dªp ZmhoZns\ AhcpsS t\sc Ah³ Cf
¡nhn«p'.
1 Zn\hr¯m´w 21:1
"km¯m³ C{kmboen¶v FXncmbn Xncnªv, C{kmtben
s³d P\kwJysbSp¡m³ ZmhoZns\ t{]cn¸n¨p'
700Hm 7000Hm?
IpXnçSbmfnItfm ImemÄ¸SbmfnItfm?
2 imapthÂ 10:18
"C{kmtb-ens³d ap¼nÂ \n¶v kndnb¡mÀ HmSn. kndnb¡m
cnÂ Fgp¶qdp tXcmfnIsfbpw \mÂ]Xn\mbncw IpXnçSbm
fnIsfbpw ZmhoZv h[n¨p. tk\m\mbI\mb tim_In\p apdn
thäp. A§s\ AbmÄ AhnsS sh¨p acn¨p'.
1 Zn\hr¯m´w 19:18
"C{kmtbens³d ap¼nÂ \n¶v kndnb¡mÀ HmSn. ZmhoZv kndn
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 202 ]gb \nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä 203
b¡mcnÂ Ggmbncw tXcmfnIsfbpw \mÂ]Xn\mbncw ImemÄ ]mIrXnbnembncp¶p. AXnÂ cmbncw _¯v shÅw sImÅpw'
]SbmfnIsfbpw h[n¨p. AhcpsS tk\m\mbI\mb tim^nIn 2 Zn\hr¯m´w 4:5
s\bpw ZmhoZv sIm¶p'. "AXns³d h¡v ]m\]m{X¯ns³d h¡pt]mse enÃn ]pjv
1700Hm 7000Hm? ]mIrXnbnembncp¶p. AXnÂ aqhmbncn¯ntesd _¯v shÅw
2 imapthÂ 8:4 sImÅpw.
"Bbncs¯gp¶qdp IpXnçSbmfnIsfbpw Ccp]Xn\mbncw 4000Hm 40,000Hm?
ImemÄ ]SbmfnIsfbpw ZmhoZv AbmfnÂ \n¶p ]nSns¨Sp¯p'. 1 cmPm¡·mÀ 4:26
1 Zn\hr¯m´w 18:4 "tkmfa\v Xs³d cY§fnÂ sI«m\pÅ IpXncIÄ¡mbn
"AbmfnÂ \n¶v Bbncw cYhpw Ggmbncw IpXnçSbmfn \mÂ]Xn\mbncw emb§Ä Dmbncp¶p.'
Isfbpw Ccp]Xn\mbncw ImemÄ ]SbmfnIsfbpw ZmhoZv ]nSn 2 Zn\hr¯m´w 9:25
s¨Sp¯p'. "IpXncIÄ¡pw cY§Ä¡pambn \membncw emb§fpw
22Hm 42Hm? ]ócmbncw IpXnc¡mcpw tkmfa\pmbncp¶p'.
2 cmPm¡·mÀ 8:26 40Hm 150 Hm?
"sbtlmdmans³d ]p{X³ Alkymhv `cWw XpS§n. `cWw DÂ]¯n 7:17
XpS§pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v Ccp]¯ncp hbÊmbncp¶p.' "`qanbnÂ \mÂ]Xv Znhkw Pe{]fbambncp¶p'
2 Zn\hr¯m´w 22:2 DÂ]¯n 7:24
"sbtlmdmans³d ]p{X³ Alkymhv `cWw \S¯n. `cWw "\qä¼Xp Znhkt¯¡v `qanbnÂ shÅs¸m¡w XpSÀ¶p'
XpS§pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v \Â]¯ncp hbÊmbncp¶p'.
Bkm ]qPmKncnIÄ \o¡ntbm CÃtbm?
18Hm 8Hm?
2 Zn\hr¯m´w 14:2þ5
2 cmPm¡·mÀ 24:8 Bkm Xs³d ssZhamb IÀ¯mhns³d ZrjvSnbnÂ \ÃXpw
"cmPmhmIpt¼mÄ sbtlmbmIo¶p ]Xns\«p hbÊmbncp icnbmbXpw sNbvXp. AbmÄ A\y _en]oT§fpw ]qPmKncn
¶p. AbmÄ aq¶p amkw sPdpiteanÂ `cWw \S¯n'. Ifpw \o¡n Ifªp. kvXw`§Ä DS¨v Ifªp. Atid {]Xnjv
2 Zn\hr¯m´w 36: 9 TIÄ sh«nhogv¯n. blqZmtbmSv AhcpsS ]nXm¡·mcpsS ssZ
"`cWw XpS§pt¼mÄ sbtlmbmIo¶v F«p hbÊmbncp¶p. hamb IÀ¯mhns\ At\zjn¡m\pw \nba§fpw IÂ]\Ifpw
AbmÄ aq¶p amkhpw ]¯p Znhkhpw sPdpiteanÂ `cWw ]men¡m\pw AbmÄ IÂ]n¨p.
\S¯n'. 2 Zn\hr¯m´w 15:17, 18
2000Hm 3000Hm? Bkm ]qPmKncnIÄ C{kmtbenÂ \n¶p \o¡n¡fªnÃ.
1 cmPm¡·mÀ 7:26 aIpS¯ns³d Dbcw aq¶p apgtam A©p apgtam?
"AXns³d h¡v ]m\]m{X¯ns³d h¡pt]mse enÃn ]pjv 2 cmPm¡·mÀ 25:17
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 204 ]gb \nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä 205
aIpS¯ns³d Dbcw aq¶p apgw. Adp\qäncp]s¯«v

bnscay 52:22 t_kmbn¡v F{X ]p{X·mÀ?
aIpS¯ns³d Dbcw A©p apgw. F{km 2:17
BZo\v F{X ]p{X·mÀ? ap¶qäncp]¯naq¶v
F{km 2:15 s\l 7:23
\m\qä¼¯n\mev ap¶qäncp]¯n\mev
s\lay 7:20 _nKzmbn¡v F{X ]p{X·mÀ?
Adp\qä¼¯©v F{km 2:14
AtZm\n¡man\v F{X ]p{X·mÀ? cmbnc¯¼¯mdv
F{km 2:13 s\l 7:19
Adp\qädp]¯mdv cmbnc¯dp]t¯gv
s\lay 7:18 AamkmbpsS ]nXmhv BcmWv?
Adq\qädp]t¯gv 2 imapthÂ 17:25
Bdln\v F{X ]p{X·mÀ? bn{Xm
F{k 2:5 1 Zn\hr¯m´w 2:17
Fgp\qsägp]¯©v A_nKmbnÂ
s\lay 7:10 ZmhoZv hyXnNen¨pthm?
Adp\qä¼¯ncv 2imap 24:10.11
Bkm^ns³d ]p{X·mÀ F{X? P\kwJysbSp¯p Ignªt¸mÄ ZmhoZn\v lZbhyY Dm
F{km 2:41 bn. ZmhoZv IÀ¯mhnt\mSv ]dªp. "Fs³d {]hr¯n alm]m]
\qäncp]s¯«v ambnt¸mbn. ]s£, IÀ¯msh, \ns³d Zmks³d A]cm[w
£a-nt¡Wta F¶v Ct¸mÄ Rm³ bmNn¡p¶p. Rm³ henb
s\lay 7:44 t`mj¯amWv Im«nbXv.
\qän\mÂ]s¯«v 1. cmPm¡·mÀ 15:5
t__mbn¡v F{X ]p{X·mÀ? ln¯nb\mb DudnbmbpsS Imcy¯nsemgnsI asäm¶nepw
F{km 2:11 AbmÄ kzPohnXImes¯mcn¡epw IÀ¯mhns³d IÂ]\I
Adp\qäncp]¯naq¶v fnÂ \n¶v hyXnNen¨n«nÃ.
s\l 7:16
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 206 ]pXnb\nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä 207
Cu cp kphntij§fnepw {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«n«pÅ tbip

hns³d ssiihIme hnhcW§sf¸än At±lw FgpXp¶p: "
a¯mbnbpsS hnhcW¯nÂ tbmk-^pw adnbbpw _Xvetlan
emWv ]mÀ¡p¶Xv. AhnsS AhÀ¡pw kz´w hoSpv. (2:11).
iniphn\v GItZiw cp hbÊmIp¶Xphsc AhÀ _Xvetl
anÂ hkn¡p¶p (2:16). CuPn]vXnte¡pÅ Hfnt¨m«¯n\p ti
jw AhÀ¡p kztZit¯¡p aS§nt¸mIphm³ km[n¡m¯Xn
s³d GIImcWw sltd-mtZmkns³d ]p{Xs\¸änbpÅ Ahcp
A\p-_Ôw 7 sS `b¸mSmWv. AXpsImv AhÀ \-{k¯v F¶p t]cpÅ
]pXnb\nba¯nse sshcp²y§Ä
]«W¯nte¡p t]mIp¶p. aps¼mcn¡epw AhÀ AhnsS ]mÀ
¯n«nÃXm\pw (2:22þ23). adnbhpw tbmk^pw \kvd¯nÂ Xma
kn¨p hcth It\jpamcn {]amWn¨v _Xvetlante¡v bm{X
tbiphns\¡pdn¨v hnhcn¡p¶ ]pXnb\nba{KÙ§fn-epw Xncn¡p¶Xmbn eq¡m ]dbp¶p (1:26, 2:4). Ip«n P\n¨ tijw
Gsd sshcp²y§fpv. kwlnX kphntij§Ä s]mXpsh amÀKat[y PdqkteanÂ X§nbn«v DS³ Xs¶ AhÀ \{k¯n
tbiphns\¡pdn¨v Htc cq]¯nepÅ Nn{XamWv AhXcn¸n¡p te¡p aS§n AhnsS ]mÀ¡p¶p (2:39). ]ndhn¡p tijw IpSpw
¶sX¦nepw Ah X½nepw Hcp]mSv hyXymk§fpv. tbml- _w cpsImÃ¡mew PdqkteanÂ ]mÀ¯tXm, Úm\nIÄ
¶msâ kphn-ti-j-§-fm-Is« aäp aq¶v kphn-ti-j-§-fnÂ \n¶v Pdqkteanepw _Xvetlanepw hs¶¯nbXns³d kzm`mhnI
XI¨pw `n¶-amb Hcp tbip Nn{X-am-Wv Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. amb H¨¸mtSm, _XvetlanÂ \S¶ Iq«s¡metbm, CuPn]v
P\\IYbnse sshcp²y§Ä Xnte¡pÅ ]emb\tam H¶pw eqt¡mkv ]cmaÀin¡p¶nÃ.
_XvetlanÂ \n¶v Pdqktew hgn \{k¯nte¡pÅ imám
tbiphns³d P\\s¯¡pdn¨v a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw ]d b aS¡bm{Xsb¸än eqt¡mkv \ÂIp¶ hnhcW¯nÂ A¯
ª IYIÄ Xs¶ XmcXay]T\¯n\v hnt[bam¡nbmÂ Ipsd cw òIcm\p`h§sf¸äntbm CuPn]vänte¡pÅ bm{Xsb¸än
sshcp²y§Ä ImWm³ Ignbpw. ss__nÄ ]WvUnX\mb tbm ]dbp¶nÃ. a¯mbnbmIs« It\jpamcn¡W¡ns\ ]cma
sdbvav þCþ{_u¬ FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI:"a¯mbnbpw eq¡m Àin¡pt¶bnÃ. a¯mbn hnhcn¡p¶ kw`h§fpsS s]mXp
bpw \ÂIp¶ hnhcW§Ä, Htc BfnÂ \n¶v hcp¶hbmsW hmb Aćo£w eqt¡mkns³dXnÂ \n¶v XnI¨pw hyXykv
¶v hn`mh\w sN¿m\mhm-¯ hn[w A{Xtbsd ]qÀWambpw
hyXykvX§fmWv. ImÂ]\nI kz`mh¡mcmb Nne ]WvUnX XamWv.
·mÀ a¯mbn \ÂIp¶ hnhcW¯ns³d DdhnSw tbmk^msW hwimhenbnse sshcp²yw
¶pw, eqt¡mkns³d hnhcW¯nt³dXv adnbbmsW¶pw \nÀ tbiphns³d ssiihIme hnhcW¯nÂ a¯mbnbpw
t±in¨n«pv. AXns\Xnsc ISp¯Xpw AtXkabw \Àakp`K eqt¡mkpw F{Xt¯mfw sshcp²yw ]peÀ¯p¶ps¶v Ffp
hpamb Hcp adptNmZyw tNmZn¡mw. A§s\sb¦nÂ tbmk^pw ¸¯nÂ a\Ênem¡phm³ ChÀ cpt]cpw D²cn¨ncn¡p¶
adnbbpw X½nÂ anm«w XoscbnÃmXncn¡WatÃm? Fs´¶m tbiphns³d hwimhenbnepÅ sshcp²y§Ä t\m¡nbmÂ
Â, Htc kw`hs¯¸änbpÅ AhcpsS HmÀaIÄ X½nÂ A{X aXn. a¯mbnbpsS kphntij¯ns³d XpS¡¯nepw (1:1þ16)
tbsd AćapÅXmbn¡mWp¶p' eqt¡mkns³d kphntij¯ns³d aq¶mw A[ymb¯nepw
(3:23þ38) tbiphns³d hwimhen sImSp¯n«pv. cpt]cpw 12. a°m¯v 28. siabn

tbip P\n¨Xv ZmhoZns³d ]p{X]mc¼cy¯nemsW¶v kvYm]n 13. tbmcnw 29. a¯tYmkv
¡phm³ thnbmWv {ian¨ncn¡p¶Xv. ]t£, cpt]cpw \Â 14. GenbmkÀ 30.abm¯v
Ip¶ hwimhen XnI¨pw hncp²amWv. AXn¶p ImcWw a¯m
15. tbmip 31.\Èmbn
bn, ZmhoZns³d aI\mb ietams³d ]p{X]c¼cbnepw eqt¡m
kv ZmhoZns³d aI\mb \mYms³d ]p{X]mc¼cy¯nepw tbip 16. tbÀ 32.FÊn
hns\ {]XnjvTn¡m³ ]cn{ian¨XmWv. cp t]cpw \ÂIp¶ 17. FÂamZmw 33. \mlqw
hwimhen {i²n¡pI: 18. tImkmw 34.Btamkv
a¯mbn 1:6þ16 21. kmtZm¡v 19. A±n 35. a¯tYymkv
1. ZmhoZv 22. BJow 20. saÂ¡n 36. tbmtk^v
2. ietam³ 23. FeolpZv 21. t\cn 37. b¶m\n
3. cl_ymw 24. FenbmkÀ 22. ieYntbÂ 38. saÂ¡n
4. B_obmhv 25. a°m³ 23. kmcm_mt_Â 39. tehn
5. Bk 26. bmt¡m_v 24. tck 40 a°m¯v
6. tbmim^m¯v 27.tbmtk^v 25. tbml¶m³ 41. tlen
7.tbmdmw 28. tbip 26.tbmZ 42. tbmk^v
8.DÊnbmhv - 27. tbmtk^v 43 tbip
eqt¡mkv 3:23þ31
9. tbmYmw
10. Blmkv 1.ZmhoZv tbiphns³d hwimhensb¡pdn¨ hnhcW¯nse sshcp
2. \mYm³ ²yw NqnImWn¨psImv sdbvav C.{_u¬ ]dbp¶Xv Im
11. lnkvInbmhv WpI: "tbiphns³d hwimhensb¸än a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw
12. a\sÈ 3. a¯Y \ÂIp¶ hnhcW§Ä X½nÂ s]mcp¯anÃ. Hmtcm hnhcW
13. Btamkv 4. sa¶ ¯n-epw henb {]iv\§Ä Hfnªncn¸pv. H¶ns\ Ncn{X]c
14 tbminbmhv 5. saeymhv sa¶pw asäXns\ {]XoImXvaIsa¶pw hntijn¸n¡pI ZpjvI
15. sbmsJm\ymhv 6. Feym¡ow camsW¶v AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv AXncpIhnª ktµlhmZsam
7. tbm\mw ¶pa-Ã'
16. ibÂ¯ntbÂ
8. tbmtk^v hwimhensb¡pdn¨ hnhcW¯nÂ C{Xam{Xw sshcp²y§
17. skcpºmt_Â fpmIphm\pÅ ImcWsa´mWv? ZmhoZns³d ]p{X]c¼cbn
18. A_olqZv 9.blqZm emWv aninlbpsS BKa\apmIpIsb¶ Hcp ]c¼cmKX
19. FÂbm¡ow 10 intaym³ hnizmkw blqZ·mÀ¡nSbnepmbncp¶p. Cu aninlbmWv
20. BtkmÀ 11.tehn tbipsh¶v kvY]n¡phm³ thnbmWv a¯mbnbpw eqt¡m
kpw ]cn{ian¨ncn¡p¶Xv. "Ahs³d ]nXmhmb ZmhoZns³d knw ¡mWpÅsX¶s{X. eqt¡mkns³d kphntij¯nse tbip
lmk\w Ah¶p \ÂIpw (eqt¡mkv 1:32) F¶v amemJ tbip A¯nacs¯ Hcn¡epw i]n¡p¶nÃ. 13:6þ9Â ]t£, A¯n
hns³d amXmhmb adnb¯nt\mSv ]dªXmbn eqt¡mkv D²cn hr£s¯¸änbpÅ Hcp D]abpv....... tbiphnÂ tIm]amtcm
¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. CXp {]Imcw tbip P\n¨Xv ZmhoZns³d ]n¡p¶ Fńt\bpw eLqIcn¨p ImWn¡p¶ {]hWXbmWv
]p{X]mc¼cy¯nemsW¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¯v At±lw aninl eqt¡mkn\pÅXv. AXv Adnbmhp¶hÀ tbiphns³d tIm]w
bmsW¶v kvYm]n¡phm³ thnbmWv a¯mbnbpw eqt¡m \ndª Hcp {]hr¯n kphntijI³ cq]Icq]¯nÂ Bhnjv
kpw ]mSps]Sp¶Xv. CXp kvYm]n¡phm³ a¯mbn D]tbmKn Icn¡pIbmsW¶pw hnNmcn¡m\nSbpv. X·qew Hmtcm Znhym
¨Xv ZmhoZns³d ]p{X\mb ietams³d ]p{X·mcpsS ]«nIbpw Xv`pX IY¡pw kµÀ`¯nepÅ aqeyhpw khntij ]mc¼cy
eqt¡mkv D]tbmKn¨Xv \mYms³d ]p{X·mcpsS ]«nIbpamWv. hpw, Hmtcm ]mc¼cy¯ns³dbpw kzámb {]hWXbpsaÃmw
ietams³d Ccp]¯n\memas¯ XeapdbnÂs]« bmt¡m_n IW¡nseSp¯p sImp am{Xta ZnhymXv`pX§fpsS Ncn{X]c
s\ a¯mbn tbmk^ns³d ]nXmhmbn AhXcn¸n¨p. eqt¡m Xsb hnebncp¯m\mhq. tbiphns³d ZnhymXv`pX§sf¸änbp
kmIs«, \mYms³d ap¸¯nH³]Xmas¯ XeapdbnepÅ Å ]mc¼cyw B[nImcnIamsW¶ncn¡nepw, kphntij {KÙ
tlensb tbmk^ns³d ]nXmhmbpw AhXcn¸n¨p. AXpsIm §fnse Hmtcm ZnhymXv`pXhpw A£cmÀ°¯nÂ Ncn{X]cam
mWv hwimhenIÄ X½nÂ C{Xtbsd sshcp²y§fpm bns¡mÅWsa¶nÃ'
bXv.
tbiphns³d PohnXhpambn _\v[s¸« kphntij hnhcW
PohnX hnhcW§fnse sshcp²y§Ä §fnse GXm\pw sshcp²y§Ä ImWpI:
]pXnb \nba¯nse,tbiphns³d P\\hpambn _\v[s¸«
`mK§fnse sshcp²y§fnÂ NneXmWv \mw NÀ¨ sNbvXXv. km£yw kXytam Ifthm?
CtX t]mepÅ sshcp²y§Ä At±l¯ns³d PohnX hnhc tbml¶m³ 5:31
W§fnepw ImWs¸Sp¶pv. Cu sshcp²y§fpsSbpw aäp "F\n¡p Rm³ Xs¶ km£yw hln¨mÂ Fs³d km£yw
]e ImcW§fpsSbpw shfn¨¯nÂ tbiphns³d PohnXhp kXyamIbnÃ'.
ambn _\v[s¸«Xmbn kphntij§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ ]e tbml¶m³ 8:14
kwKXnIfpw Ncn{X]casÃ¶p IcpXp¶ ]WvUnX·mcpv.
sdbvav C.{_u¬ FgpXp¶p: "amÀt¡mkv 11:14Â Hcp A¯n "Rm\mWv F\n¡v km£yw hln¡p¶sX¦nepw Fs³d
hr£s¯ i]n¨Xmbn \mw hmbn¡p¶p. 11:26Â ]ntä¶v injy km£yw kXyamWv'.
·mÀ B acw hmSnbXmbn ImWp¶p. a¯mbn 21:19Â tbip A¯nhr£w DW§nbsXt¸mÄ?
A¯nhr£s¯ i]n¨ DSs\ AXp hmSnt¸mbn F¶p]dbp a¯mbn 21:19
¶p. Cu dnt¸mÀ«pIfnÂ GXmWv Gähpw ]ucmWnIhpw Ahn "tbip A¯nhr£s¯ i]n¨p. XÂ£Ww AXv DW§n
IknXhpamb ]mc¼cyw DÄs¡mÅp¶Xv? Cu tNmZy¯n\v t¸mbn'
adp]Snbmbn an¡ ]WvUnX·mcpw aÀt¡mkns³d hnhcWam
bncn¡pw Nqn¡mWn¡pI. Fs´¶mÂ, XmcXay]T\¯nÂ aÀt¡mkv 11:20
\n¶v a\knemhpI, ZnhymXv`pX§sf IqSpXÂ \mSIobXtbm "(]ntä¶v) {]`mX¯nÂ AhÀ IS¶p t]mIpt¼mÄ B A
sSbpw `mhXo{hXtbmsSbpw Nn{XoIcn¡p¶ ]Xnhv a¯mbn ¯nacw thtcmsS DW§nt¸mbncn¡p¶Xmbn Ip'.
Ht¶m ctm? ¯ Hcp IgpX¡p«nsb sI«nbncn¡p¶Xv ImWmw. AXns\

a¯mbn 8:28 Agn¨psImp hcnI'
"tbip adpIcbnÂ KZdmbcpsS tZis¯¯n. At¸mÄ ]nim hSn thWtam thtbm?
Np _m[n¨ cpt]À ihIpSoc§fnÂ \n¶nd§n Ahs³d a¯mbn 10:10
t\sc h¶p'. "bm{XbnÂ k©ntbm cp DSpt¸m sNcnt¸m hSntbm
aÀt¡mkv 5:1,2 sImpt]mIcpXv'
"AhÀ ISens³d adpIcbnÂ sKctk\nbcpsS \m«nÂ aÀt¡mkv 6:8
F¯n. Ah³ h©nbnÂ \n¶nd§nbt¸mÄ Aip²mßmhp "bm{X¡v Hcp hSnbÃmsX A¸tam k©ntbm aSnbnÂ ]W
_m[n¨ Hcp a\pjy³ ihIpSoc§fnÂ \n¶v Ahs³d t\sc tam IcpXcpXv'
h¶p'.
tbipthm tbml¶mt\m BcmWv Ifhp ]dªXv?
Ht¶m ctm? a¯mbn 11:14
a¯mbn 20:29 "CbmfmWv (tbml¶m³ kv \ m]I³) hcm\ncn¡p¶
"tbip AXnse IS¶p t]mIp¶Xmbn tI«v hgnbcnInÂ Genbm'
Ccp¶ cv A\v[À D¨¯nÂ \nehnfn¨p. "ZmhoZns³d ]p{Xm tbml¶m³ 1:21
R§fnÂ IcpW tXmt¶Wta'
"F¦nÂ \o ]ns¶ BcmWv? Genbmtbm? AbmÄ (tbml
aÀt¡mkv 10:46,47 ¶m³ kv\m]I³) ]dªp: AÃ'
"Xncptabqkns³d ]p{X\mb _À¯natbmkv F¶ A\v[
IpcnipacWhnhcW§fnse sshcp²y§Ä
\mb bmNI³ hgnbcnInÂ Ccn¡pIbmbncp¶p. \{kmb¡mc
\mb tbiphmWv AXv F¶p tI«t¸mÄ AbmÄ Dds¡ hnfn¨p tbiphns³d IpcnipacWt¯mSp _\v[s¸« hnhcW§fn
]dbm³ XpS§n."tbipth, ZmhoZns³d ]p{Xm Ft¶mSp IcpW epw CtX {]iv\apv. hnhn[ kphntijIÀ¯m¡Ä Ipcnipac
ImWnt¡Wta' Wt¯mS\p_\v[n¨p \S¶ kw`h§Ä hnhcn¡p¶Xv hyXy
kvX coXnIfnemWv. sdbvav {_uWns\t¸mepÅ ]WvUnX
IgpXbpw Ip«nbpw ·mÀ C¡mcyw {]Xn]mZn¡m¯Xv IpcnipacWsa¶ Bibw
a¯mbn 21:2 Ncn{X]casÃ¶p h¶mÂ ss{IkvXh hnizmk¯ns³d ASn
"\n§Ä FXnsc ImWp¶ {Kma¯nte¡p t]mIpI. AhnsS ¯d XIcpsa¶Xp sImmbncn¡mw.
sI«nbncn¡p¶ Hcp s]¬IgpXsbbpw AXns³d Ip«ntbbpw bqZmknsâ- Häns¡mSp¡Â apXÂ Xs¶ kphntijIÀ¯m
\n§Ä ImWpw. Ahsb Agn¨v Fs³d ASp¡Â sImp ¡fpsS hnhcW§-f-nÂ sshcp²y§fpv. "Kptcm kzkvXn' F
hcWw' ¶p ]dªpsImv tbiphns\ Npw_n¡m³ thn apt¶m«m
aÀt¡mkv 11:12 ª bqZmknt\mSv tbip {]XnhNn¨Xv "kvt\lnXm \o Fń
"\n§Ä FXnsc ImWp¶ {Ka¯nte¡v t]mIpI. \n§Ä \mWv h¶Xv?' F¶mbncp¶psh¶mWv a¯mbn (26:50) ]dbp
AhnsS {]thin¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ Bcpw khmcn sNbvXn«nÃm ¶Xv. eqt¡mknÂ {]Imcw CXv "bqZmsk \o Npw_\w sIm
tm a\pjy]p{Xs\ HäpsImSp¡p¶Xv' (22:48) F¶mbncp¶p. ss{IkvXhZÀi\¯ns³d \ne\nÂ]v. IpcnipacWw \ntj[n

tbml¶m\mIs« NXnbpsS Npw_\s¯¡pdn¨v H¶pw ]dbp ¡m\mIm¯ Hcp Ncn{Xkw`hamsW¶mWv ss{IkvXhcpsS
¶nÃ. am{XhpaÃ, HäpsImSp¯ kw`hw XnI¨pw hyXykvXam hmZw. \mep kphntijI·mcmWv AXn\pÅ km£nIÄ
bn«mWv At±lw {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. tbiphns\ At\zjn¨p F¶mWv AhÀ hmZn¡p¶Xv. Htc kw`hs¯ \mep coXnbnÂ
sN¶ ]SbmfnItfmSv "\n§Ä At\zjn¨psImncn¡p¶ tb hnhcn¡p¶hcpsS km£yw AkzoImcyamsW¶Xv s]mXpsh
ip Rm\mWv' F¶p ]dªv At±lw kzbw Xs¶ IogS§pI AwKoIcn¡s¸«n«pff Hcp XXzamWv. IpcnipacWt¯bpw
bmWpmbsX¶mWv tbml¶m³ (18:3þ8) ]dbp¶Xv. AtXmS\p_\v[n¨ kw`h§tfbpw hyXykvXhpw hncp²
IpcnipacWt¯mSv _\v[s¸« hnhcW§fnÂ C\nbpw Hcp hpamb coXnIfnemWv kphntijI·mÀ Nn{XoIcn¨ncn¡p¶
]mSv sshcp²y§fpv. tbiphns\ _\v[n¨ tijw {][m\ sX¶v \mw a\Ênem¡n. At¸mÄ ]ns¶ kphntijI·mcpsS
]ptcmlnX\mb I¿m^mkns³d ASp¡te¡mWv BZyw sIm km£yw kzoIcn¡p¶sX§s\? Ipcnip acW¯ns³d Ncn{X
p t]mbsX¶v a¯mbnbpw (26:57) I¿m^mkns³d A½mbn ]cXbmWv ChnsS tNmZyw sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv; AXneqsS {InkvXp
A¸\mb A¶mkns³d ASp¡te¡msW¶v tbml¶m\pw aX¯ns³d ASn¯dbpw. AXpsImp Xs¶bmWv hnaÀi
(18:13) ]dbp¶p. tbip kzbw Xs¶ Ipcnip Npa¶p tKmÂtKmY \mßIambn ss__nÄ ]pkvXI§fpsS Ncn{X]cXsb¡pdn¨v
aebnte¡v sImpt]mIpIbmWpmbsX¶v tbml¶m³ KthjWw \S¯nb ss{IkvXhcmcpw Xs¶ IpcnipacWs¯
(19:17) ]dbpt¼mÄ, Ipcnip Npa¶Xv Imtdt\¡mc\mb intam ]T\hnt[bam¡mXncp¶sX¶mWv a\Ênemhp¶Xv. \njvIrjv
tbm³ BsW¶mWv a¯mbn (27:32)bpsS ]£w. tbiphns³d Samb At\zjWw \S¯nbmÂ, tbiphns³d P\\t¯bpw
IqsS {Iqin¡s¸« cp IÅ·mcnÂ HcmÄ am{Xw At±ls¯ PohnXt¯bpw Ipdn¨ kphntij hnhcW§fpsS A{Xt]m
XÅn¸dªpsh¶pw asäbmÄ At±ls¯ hnizkn¨psh¶p epw Ncn{X]cX AhImis¸Sm³ IpcnipacWs¯¡pdn¨
amWv eqt¡mkv (23:42) ]dbp¶Xv. F¶mÂ a¯mbnbmIs« c {]Xn]mZ\§Ä¡v IgnbnsÃ¶v a\Ênemhpw.
p IÅ·mcpw At±ls¯ ]cnlkn¨psh¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. Imt\m\nIaÃm¯ kphntij§fnepÄs¸Sp¯n XÅn¡f
(27:44). IpcninÂ InS¶pÅ tbiphns³d Ahkm\s¯ hm¡p ª _ÀW_mkns³d kphntij¯nÂ tbip{InkvXphns\
IÄ F´mbncp¶psh¶v ]dbp¶nS¯p hsc a¯mbnbpw tbm {Iqin¨n«nsÃ¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. Xs¶ c£n¡Wsa¶ {InkvXp
l¶m\pw hntbmPn¡p¶pv. "Gen Gen eam k_IvXm\n, hns³d {]mÀ°\ ssZhw {ihn¨psh¶pw Xs³d Zmks\ AhÀ
AXmbXv Fs³d ssZhta, Fs³d ssZhta F´psImv \o c£n¨psh¶pw ]Icw HäpImc\mb bqZmkmWv {Iqin¡s¸«
Fs¶ Dt]£n¨p' F¶v Dds¡ \nehnfn¨p sImmWv At± sX¶pamWv _ÀW_mkns³d kphntij¯nepÅXv. tbip{In
lw- Poh³ shSnªsX¶v a¯mbn (27:45þ50) ]dbpt¼mÄ "F kvXp {Iqin¡s¸«n«nÃmsb¶mWv ssZhn-I {KÙamb JpÀB³
Ãmw ]qÀ¯nbmbncn¡p¶p'sh¶v ]dªv XeNmbvNv imńtbm AÀ°i¦¡nSbnÃm¯ hn[w hyIvXam¡p¶Xv (4:157,158). "Dd
sSbmWv At±lw BXvamhns\ kaÀ¸n¨sX¶mWv tbml ¸mbpw At±ls¯ AhÀ sImes¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ'sb¶ JpÀB
¶m³ (19: 28þ30) kvYm]n¡p¶Xv. \nI {]kvXmh¯n\v FXnsc sXfnhv \ÂIm³ am{Xw {]_e
IpcnipacWs¯¡pdn¨v ss__nÄ hnhcW¯nepÅ ssh tam Ncn{X]ctam AÃ kphntijI·mcpsS km£yw.
cp²y§Ä {InkvXpaX¯ns³d ASn¯d Cf¡p¶hbmsW¶p sshcp²y§Ä¡v ImcWw
ÅXmWv bmYmÀ°yw. tbip{InkvXp IpcninÂ Nnńb cIvXw C{XsbÃmw sshcp[y§fpmbncp¶n«pw ss__nfnÂ bm
sImv am\hcminbpsS ]m]w IgpInsb¶ XXz¯nt·emWv sXmcp sshcp[y§fpansÃ¶v I®S¨p ]dbp¶ kphntijI
·mcpv. Fw.hn.tXmakv FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI: "]ckv]cw

sshcp[y§fmb Hcp Imcyhpw CXnenÃ. ssZh¯ns³d ]cnip
²mßmhv FÃm Fgp¯pImscbpw \nb{ń¨ncp¶XpsImmWv
C§s\ kw`hn¨Xv.' CXv I®S¨v Ccp«m¡p¶ ]WnbmsW¶v
hnthI]qÀÆw ss__nÄ hmbn¡p¶hÀs¡Ãmw hyIvXamIpw.
ss__nfnse sshcp²y§Ä F§s\bpmbn ? "Hmtcm
kphntij IÀ¯mhpw tbiphns\¸änbpÅ Xs³d [mcWb
\pkcn¨p hmb\¡mcpsS A[ymXvanImhiy§Ä km[n¨psIm
Sp¡m\pXIpw hn[w tbiphns\ Nn{XoIcn¡m\mcw`n¨' Xns³d A\p-_Ôw 8
-êambmWv hnhcW§fnÂ sshcp²y§fpmbXv. kphn D²-cW
- n-If
- nse A_-²§
- Ä
tij IÀ¯m¡Ä ]cnip²mß t{]cnXcmbn FgpXnb- {KÙ§
fmWv kphntij§Ä F¶ hmZamWv ChnsS hopw {]Xn¡q
«nÂ \nÂ¡p¶Xv. \mep kphntijI·mcpsS tbipNcn{X ]c- n-ip-²m-Xav- {]-tNm-Zn-Xa- m-bn- F-gp-Xs- ¸-«X - m-Wv- ss_-_n-sf¶-
s¯¡pdn¨ tIhehnhcWamWv kphntij§fnepÅsX¶m hnizm-ka- m-Wv- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- F-Ãm- ss{I-kX v- h
- - k-Ì - Ä-¡p-ap-ÅXv.-
Wv ss{IkvXhhnizmksa¦nÂ Cu hnhcW-§fnÂ sshcp F¶mÂ- ss_-_n-fn-sâ- A-{]-am-Zn-Xz-s¯-¸ä- n-bp-Å- k-¦Â-]\ - §-
²yapmIphm\pÅ km[yX AwKoIcn¡mhp¶Xmbncp¶p. fnÂ- hy-Xy-kv-X-§-fpw- hncp-²-§-fp-am-b- ho-£-W-§Ä- ]p-eÀ-¯p-
Htc kw`hs¯ Xs¶ \mep t]À hnhcn¡pt¼mÄ sshcp²y ¶-h-bm-Wv- k`-I-f-[n-I-hpw.- ss_-_nÄ- c-N-bn-Xm-¡-fp-sS- A-dnhn-
§fpmhpI kzm`mhnIamWtÃm. ss__nfns³d kvYnXn Ãm-bva- b
- p-sS- kzm[o-\w- A-hc- p-sS- c-N\ - I
- f- n-ep-m-hp-I- kzm-`mhnI-
AXÃ. AXv FgpXnbXv ssZhmß {]tNmZnXambn«mbXn\mÂ am-sW-¶m-Wv- en-_-dÂ- a-X-X-¯-z-im-kv-{X-Pv-R-·m-cp-sS- ]-£w.-
ssZhhN\amsW¶mWv k`mhnizmkw. GI\mb ssZh¯n ^--saâ-en-kv-äp-IÄ- Cu- ho-£-W-s¯- ]m-sS- \n-cm-I-cn-¡p-¶p.-
s³d {]tNmZ\¯mÂ FgpXnb {KÙ¯nÂ sshcp²y§Ä ss_-_nÄ- ssZ-hm-Xv-am-hn-\mÂ- \n-iz-kv-Xn-X-am-sW-¶-Xn-\mÂ- bm-
ImWpI km[yamtWmsb¶XmWv {]iv\w. ssZhw sXäp]äm sXm-cp-hn-[- A_-²-§-fpw- h-¶p-`-hn-¡p-I-bn-sÃ-¶m-Wv- A-h-cp-sS-
¯h\mWtÃm. ]ns¶sb§s\ Cu sshcp²y§fpmbn? hm-Zw.- ss_-_n-fn-se- im-kv{- Xo-bh - pw- N-cn-{X-]c- h- p-am-b- A-_² - §-
ss__nÄ ]pkvXI§fpsS cN\¡v ssZh{]tNmZ\apmbn sf- X-§-fp-tS-Xm-b- X-{´-§-fpw- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§-fp-ap-]-tbm-Kn-¨v-
F¶ Bibw ASnkvYm\clnXamsW¶v k½Xn¡msX Cu A-hÀ- \ym-bo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶p.- Cu- \ym-bo-I-c-W-§Ä-
sshcp²y§sf hniZoIcn¡m\mhnÃ. hkv-Xp-Xm-]-c-a-sÃ-¶v- AÂ-]w- Nn-ń-¨mÂ- t_m[y-s¸-Sp-sa-¦n-epw-
A-\v[- h - n-izm-kn-If- m-b- A-\p-bm-bn-hr-µs- ¯- AÂ-]s- a-Ãmw- kwXr-
]v-X-am-¡p-hm³- A-h- h-gn- km-[n-¡p-¶p-s-¶- h-kv-XpX- \n-tj[n-
¡m-\m-hn-Ã.-
\ym-bo-I-c-W- hn-Z-Kv-[-cm-b- ^--saâ-en-kv-äp-IÄ-¡v- t]m-epw-
Gsd- X-e-th-Z-\-bp-m-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-¯nÂ- sXäm
bn- D-²-cn-¡-s¸-«- ]-g-b-\n-b-a- D-²-c-Wn-IÄ.- C-h- X-e-th-Z-\-bmbn-
¯o-cm³- \nc-h-[n- Im-c-W-§-fp-v.- ss_-_n-fn-se- im-kv-{X-kw_-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 218 D²-c-Wn-I-fnse A_-²-§Ä 219
\v[
- h
- pw- N-cn-{X]-ch - p-am-b- A-_² - § - s- f- \ym-bo-Ic- n-¡p-hm³- AXn- b-\n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-§f-p-sS- IÀ-¯m-¡Ä.- A-X-p-sIm-v- X-s¶-
\v- ]p-d-¯p-Å- t{kmX-Êp-I-sf- sX-äm-bn- hym-Jym-\n-¡p-I-bm-Wv- X§Ä-¡v- h-¶p-`-hn-¡p-¶- sX-äp-IÄ- G-sd- A£´-hy-am-sW¶-
^-s- aâ-en-käv- p-IÄ- sN¿m-dp-ÅX - v.- G-sX-¦n-ep-sam-cp ]m-iN v- mXy- t_m-[-sam-¶pw- A-hÀ-¡p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.- X-§-sf-gp-Xp-¶- ]p-kvX-
sâ- t]-cp-]-d-ªv- kÀ-¸w- s]mSn-Xn-¶p-sa-¶v- A-bmÄ- K-th-j-Ww- I-§Ä- `m-hn-bnÂ- ssZ-h-\n-iz-kv-Xn-X-am-sW-¶v- hm-Zn-¡-s¸-Spsa
sN-bvX - v- I-p-]n-Sn-¨n-«p-s-¶pw- {]kvX - p-X- K-th-jW - ¯ - n-\v- Abm t¶m- X-§Ä-¡v- ]-äp¶- A-_-²-§Ä- Cu- hm-Z-¯n-sâ- \-s«-sÃmSn-
Ä-¡v- tUm-IvS- t- d-äv- e-`n-¨n-«p-s-¶pw- ]d-ªp-Ig- n-ªmÂ- £n-{]hn- ¡p-sa-t¶m- D-Å- hn-Nm-c-ap-Å-h-cm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã- ]m-hw- ]p-Xn-b-\n-ba-
izm-kn-I-fm-b- km[m-c-W-¡m-sc- kw-Xr-]vX-am-¡p-hm³- I-gn-tª- c-N-bn-Xm-¡Ä!- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶- Cu- A-_-²-§Ä- ^saâ
¡pw.- A-hÀ- K-th-jW - - {]-_\ - [
v- w- ]-cX - n- AXn-se-´m-Wp-Ås- X¶v- en-kvä- p-Is- f-- kw-_\ - v[
- n-¨n-St- ¯m-fw- h-en-b- X-et- h-Z\- X
- s- ¶-bmWv.-
A-t\z-jn-¡p-hm-s\m-¶pw- km-[m-cW - K - X- n-bnÂ- k¶-²a- m-hp-Ib - nÃ- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba- - D-²c- W- n-If- n-se- G-Xm\pw- A-_² - §- Ä- Im-WpI:-
tÃm.- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba- ¯- n-se- sX-äm-bn- D-²c- n-¡s- ¸-«- ]-gb - \- n-ba- `mK- 1.- aÀ-t¡m-kn-\v- ]-än-b- A-_-²w-
§-fp-sS- kv-Y-n-Xn-b-X-Ã.- G-Xv- km-[m-c-W-¡m-c-\pw- s]-s«-¶v- a-\Ên- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- \m-ev- kp-hn-ti-j-§-fnÂ- G-ä-hpw- ]-g-¡-ap-Å-Xv-
em-hp-¶-Xpw- BÀ-¡pw- ]cn-tim-[n-¨v- t\m-¡m-hp-¶-h-bp-am-W-h.- aÀ-t¡m-kn-sâ- kp-hn-ti-j-¯n-\m-Wv.- ]-g-b-\n-b-a- `m-K-§Ä- D-²cn-
]g-b\ - n-ba- h
- pw- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba- h
- pw- H-¶n-¨þv- H-tc- N-«¡ - p-Ån-em-WtÃm- ¡p-¶-XnÂ- A-t±-l-¯n-\v- X-s¶- A-_-²w- kw-`-hn-¡p-¶p.- F¶m
ss{Ikv-X-h- hn-izm-kn-IÄ- sIm-p-\-S-¡p-¶-Xv.- AXp-sIm-p-X- Â- B-Zn-aIm-ew- ap-XÂ-X-s¶- kp-hn-ti-j- IÀ-¯m-¡Ä- kq-£v-a-
s¶- Ip-X-{´-¯n-sâ- I®nÂ- s]m-Sn-bn-SÂ- C-¡m-cy-¯nÂ- \-S¡p- X-bpw- th--{X- {i-²-bpw- ]p-eÀ-¯m-sX-bm-Wv- A-h-sb-gp-Xn-b-
hm³- {]bm-k-am-Wv.- ^--saâ-en-kv-äp-IÄ-¡v- G-sd- X-e-th-Z-\bp- sX-¶m-Wv- hy-Iv-X-am-hp-I.- amÀ-t¡m-kn-\v- kw-`-hn-¨- H-cp- A-_²w-
m-¡p-¶- Cu- hn-j-b-¯nÂ-\n-¶v- k-aÀ-Y-am-bn- H-gn-ªp-amdn- \S- Im-Wp-I.-
¡p-I-bm-Wv- A-hÀ- sN-¿m-dp-Å-Xv.- ""Rm³- \n-\-¡v- ap-¼m-bn- F-sâ- Zq-Xs\- A-b-¡p-¶p.- A-h³-
]-g-b-\n-b-a-¯n-se- \n-c-h-[n- D-²-c-Wn-IÄ- B-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- \n-sâ- h-gn- H-cp-¡pw.- IÀ-¯m-hn-sâ- h-gn- H-cp-¡p-hn³.- A-h-sâ-
A-Xp-]t- bm-Kn¨v- X-§f- p-sS- B-ib - § - Ä- kvY - m-]n¡phm³- {i-an¡p- ]m-X- \n-c-¸m-¡p-hn³ F-¶v- a-cp-`q-an-bnÂ- hn-fn-¨v- ]-d-bp-¶-h-sâ-
I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-«p-Å,- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fp-sS- IÀ-¯m-¡Ä- hm-¡v- F-¶n-§s- \- sb-i¿ - m-- {]-hm-NI- s- â- ]p-kvX
- I- ¯- nÂ- FgpXn-
]-t£,- {]-kvX - p-X- D-²c- W- n-If- nÂ- th-{- X- A-h[ - m-\X - - ]p-eÀ¯n- bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-setbm-l-¶m³- h-¶v- a-cp-`q-an-bnÂ- kv-\m-\w-
bn-«n-Ã.- X-§Ä- ssZ-hm-Xv-a- {]-tNm-Zn-X-am-bn- hn-ip-²- th-Z-{K-\v-Yw- I-gn-¸n-¨pw- ]m]-tam-N-\-¯n-\m-bp-Å- am-\-km-´-c-k-v\m-\w- {]kw-
F-gp-Xp-I-bm-sW-¶v- I-cp-Xn-s¡m--bn-cp-¶n-Ã-tÃm- A-hÀ- X-§fp- Kn-¨pw-sIm-n-cp-¶p''-(aÀ-t¡m-kv- 1:-2þ4)-
sS- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv.- X-§Ä- ap-¼nÂ- Im-Wp-¶- X§fp- sb-i-¿m- {]-hm-N-I-sâ- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- ]-d-ª-Xm-bn- aÀ-t¡m-
sS- k-a-Im-en-I-cm-bn-«p-Å-hÀ-¡v- ap-¼nÂ- tb-ip-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨- X§- kv- k-aÀ-Y-n-¡p-¶- h-N-\w- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- C-¶v- \nehn-
fp-sS- B-i-b-§-fp-sS- k-aÀ-¸-Ww- am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p- A-hÀ- hn-h£n- ep-Å- A-dp-]-¯n-bm-dv- A-[ym-b-§-fn-se-hn-sS-bp-an-Ã.- aÀ-t¡m-kv-
¨n-cp-¶-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶- ]-g-b-\n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fpw- a-äpw- C-sX-gp-Xp-¶- Im-e¯ - v- {]-Nm-c¯ - n-ep-m-bn-cp-¶X - v- C-¶v- \n-eh
- nep-
D-²-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- ssZ-h-\n-iz-kv-X-X-bp-sS- A-¾-]-co-£-Ww- I-S-¶p- Å- cq-]¯ - n-ep-Å- sb-i¿m- ]p-kvX - I
- w- X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶mWv-
t]m-tI--h-bm-Wv- C-h-sb-¶pw- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶- G-sd- kq£v- a\-Ên-em-¡m³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xv.- Cu- h-N-\w- sb-i-¿m-hn-sâ- ]p-kv-X-
a-X- th-W-sa-¶p-sam-¶pw- A-hÀ- Nn-ń-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.- Np-cp-¡-¯nÂ,- I-¯n-ep-ÅX - s- Ã-¦nÂ- ]n-s¶- aÀ-t¡m-kn-\v- F-hn-Sp-¶v- In-«n?- sbi-
^-s- aâ-en-käv- p-If- p-sS- hm-Zw- DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶h - c- m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã- ]pXn- ¿m-hn-sâ- t]-cnÂ- aÀ-t¡m-kv- I-f-hv- ]-d-ª-Xm-tWm- C-Xv?- A-tÃ-
b-Ã-!- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-¯nÂ- A-Km-[-]m-Wv-Un-Xy-ap-Å-bm-sf-m-¶p-am-bn- ""tb-ip- A-h-tcm-Sv-:- \n-§Ä- tZ-h-·mcm-Ip-¶p F-¶v- Rm³- ]-d-
cp-¶n-Ã- aÀ-t¡m-kv.- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-]p-kv-X-I- ªp F-¶v- \n-§-fp-sS- \ym-b-{]-am-W-¯nÂ- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶nÃ-
¯nÂ-\n-¶v- D-²-cn-¨-t¸mÄ- A-t±-l-¯n-\v- ssI-¸n-g- kw-`-hn-¨p-t]m- tbm.- ssZ-h-¯n-sâ- A-cp-f-¸m-Sv- D-m-bn-«p-Å-h-sc- tZ-h-·mÀ- F¶v-
b-Xm-Wv.- b-YmÀ-Y-¯nÂ- C-Xv- am-em-Jn-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-ep-Å- ]-d-ªp.- F¦nÂ- Xn-cp-sh-gp-¯n-\v- \o-¡w- h-¶p-IqS-tÃm''- (tbml-
Xm-Wv.- am-em-Jn- 3:-1 Im-Wp-I:- ¶m³- 10:-34,- 35).-
""F-\n-¡p-ap-¼m-bn- h-gn- \n-c-t¯--Xn-\- v- Rm³- F-sâ- Zq-X-s\- tb-ip- D-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn- tbm-l-¶m³- C-hn-sS- A-h-Im-i-s¸Sp-
A-b-¡p-¶p.- \n§Ä- A-t\z-jn-¡p-¶- IÀ-¯m-hpw- \n§Ä- C-jvS ¶-Xv- \ym-b-{]-am-W-¯nÂ-\n-¶m-Wv.- DÂ-]-¯n,- ]p-d-¸m-Sv,- kw-Jy,-
s¸-Sp-¶- \n-b-a-Zq-X-\p-am-b-h³- s]-s«-¶v- X-sâ- a-µn-c-¯n-te-¡v- te-hy,- B-hÀ-¯-\w- F-¶n-h-bm-Wv- \ym-b-{]-am-W-¯n-se- ]-©
hcpw.- C-Xm- A-hÀ- h-cp-¶p- F-¶v- ssk-\y-§-fp-sS- b-tlm-h- Acp- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä.- Cu- A-©v- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fnÂ- F-hn-sS-bpw- ""\n-§Ä-
fn-sN-¿p-¶p''- (am-em-Jn- 3:-1).- tZ-h-·m-cm-sW-¶v- Rm³- ]-d-ªp''-sh-¶- h-N-\-an-Ã.- F-¶mÂ- tb-
am-em-Jn-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- \n-¶m-Wv- aÀ-t¡m-kv- D-²-cn-¨Xv.- ip-hn-sâ- t]-cnÂ- tbm-l-¶m³- I-Åw- ]d-ª-Xm-tWm- C-Xv?- AÃ!-
]-t£,- HmÀ-a-¸-n-iIp-sIm-tm- ssI-¸n-g-sIm-tm- sb-i-¿m-hnsâ- tb-ip- C-§-s\- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡mw.- F-¶mÂ- \ym-b-{]-am-W-¯nÂ-
]p-kX v- I
- ¯
- nÂ \n-¶m-Wn-sX-¶v- F-gp-Xn-t¸mbn.- A-Xv- kzm-`m-hnIw.- F-¶m-hp-I-bn-Ã- ]-d-ª-Xv-;- k¦oÀ-¯-\- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- F-¶mbn-
aÀ-t¡m-kpw- a-\p-jy-\-tÃ...- F-¶mÂ- ss_-_nÄ- ssZ-h-\n-th-in cn-¡pw.- F-´p-sIm-s-¶mÂ,- k-¦oÀ-¯-\- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- C§-
Xam-sW-¶pw- A-{]-am-Zn-X-am-sW-¶pw- ]-d-bp-t¼m-gm-Wv- {]-iv-\w-!- s\-sbm-cp- h-N-\-apv-:-
ssZh-¯n-\v- A-_-²w- kw-`-hn-¡p-tam?- HmÀ-a-¸n-i-Ip-m-Ip-tam?- ""\n-§Ä- tZ-h-·mÀ- B-Ip-¶p- F-¶pw- -\n-§Ä- H-s¡-bpw- AXyp-
ssI¸ng- ]-äpt-am?- C-sÃ-¦nÂ,- ss_-_nÄ- ssZ-h-\n-th-in-X-a-sÃ¶v- ¶-X-sâ- ]p-{X-·m³- F-¶pw- Rm³- ]-d-ªp''- (k-¦oÀ-¯-\w- 82:6).-
D-d¸v!- Cu- h-N-\-¯n-sâ- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-¯nÂ- tb-ip- ]-d-ª-Xm-bn-cn¡-
2.- tbm-l-¶m-\-v ]-än-b- A-a-fn- Ww- ap-I-fnÂ- ]d-ª- Im-cy-§Ä.- F-¶mÂ- tb-ip-hnÂ-\n-¶v- AXv-
kp-hn-ti-j-§-fnÂ- A-h-km-\w- F-gp-X-s¸-«-Xm-Wv- tbm-l-¶m- D-²-cn-¨- tbm-l-¶m-\v- A-_-²w- ]-än.- k-¦oÀ-¯-\- ]p-kv-X-I-sa¶v-
sâ- kp-hn-ti-jw.- a-äv- aq-¶v- kp-hn-ti-j-§fnÂ- \n-¶pw- Xn-I-¨pw- tb-ip- ]-d-ª-Xv- a-äm-cnÂ-\n-t¶m- tI-«v- ]-IÀ-¯n-sb-gp-Xn-b-t¸mÄ-
hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b- H-cp- tb-ip-Nn-{Xw- \Â-Ip-¶- kp-hn-ti-j-am-WnXv.- \ym-b-{]-am-W-sa-¶m-bn-¯oÀ-¶p.- A-Xv- \ym-b-{]-am-W-¯n-ep-tm-
tb-ip- in-jy-\m-b- tbm-l-¶m-\m-Wv- C-Xv- F-gp-Xn-b-sX-¶m-Wv- ]mc- sb-¶v- ]-cn-tim-[n-¨v- D-d-¸v- h-cp-¯m-s\m-¶pw- tbm-l-¶m³- ]-cn{i-
¼-cy- hn-izm-k-sa-¦n-epw- B-ćn-I-hpw- _m-ly-hp-am-b- \n-c-h-[n- an-¨n-«n-Ã.- \-ym-b{- ]-am-Ww- ap-gp-h³- ]-cn-tim-[n-¨v- Cu- hN-\w- AXnÂ-
sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS- sh-fn-¨-¯nÂ- aäm-tcm- F-gp-Xn- tbm-l-¶m-\nÂ- F-hn-sS-sb-¦n-epw- D-tm-sb-¶v- D-d¸ - v- h-cp-¯p-I- C-¶p-Xs- ¶- Gsd-
B-tcm-]n-¨- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wn-sX-¶m-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- K-th-j-I-·mÀ- Zp-jv-I-c-am-Wv.- en-Jn-X- tc-J-IÄ- ]-cn-an-X-am-bn-cp-¶- A-¡m-e-¯v-
A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- F-¶mÂ- Cu- K-th-j-W-§-sfm-¶pw- A-¯-c-sam-cp- km-l-k-¯n-s\m-¶pw- tbm-l-¶m³- ap-XnÀ-¶n-Ã.- A
^-s- aâ-en-käv- p-IÄ- Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡p-Ib - n-Ã.- tb-ip-in-jy-\m-b- tbm- Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶,- A-t±-l-¯n-\v- sX-äp-]-än.- ^--saâ-en-kv-äp-Ifp-
l-¶m³- X-s¶-bm-Wv- C-sX-gp-Xn-bs- X-¶m-Wv- A-hc- p-sS- Im-gN v- ¸mSv.- sS- ho-£W - ¯- nÂ- Cu- sX-äv- B-cp-tS-Xm-Wv?- ssZ-hm-Xav- m-hn-sâtbm-
AXv- F-´m-bn-cp-¶m-epw,- ]-gb - \
- n-ba- - ]p-kvX
- I - §
- f- nÂ-\n-¶v- D²cn- tbm-l-¶m-sâ-tbm?- \ym-b-{]-am-W-hpw- k-¦oÀ-¯-\- ]p-kv-X-I-hpw-
¡p-t¼mÄ- tbm-l-¶m-\pw- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b- A-_-²-§Ä- kw`-hn-¨n«p- X½nÂ- Xn-cn-¨d- n-bm³- t]m-ep-am-Im-¯h - \
- m-tWm- ^-s- aâ-en-kväp-
v.- H-cp- A-_-²w- Im-Wp-I-:- I-fp-sS- ssZ-hw?-
a-¯m-bn-¡pw- sX-äp-]-än-!-
]p-Xn-b\- n-ba- ¯ - n-se- H-¶m-as- ¯- ]pkvX - I- a- m-Wv- a-¯m-bn-bpsS-
kp-hn-ti-jw.- ]-g-b-\n-b-a- {]-hm-N-I-·m-sc-Ãmw- {]-h-Nn-¨- c£-I³-
tb-ip-hm-sW-¶v- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-I-bm-Wv- a-¯m-bn- kp-hn-ti-j-¯n-sâ-
{][m-\-s¸-«- e-£yw.- a-äv- kp-hn-ti-j-Im-c-·m-sc-¡mÄ- ]g-b-\n-b-
a-¯nÂ- A-dn-hp-m-bn-cp-¶-bm-fm-Wv- a-¯m-bn-sb-¶m-Wv- a-\-Ênem-
¡m³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xv.- F-¶mÂ- Cu- a-¯m-bn-¡pw- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-¯nÂ-
\n-¶v- D-²-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- Kpcp-X-c-am-b- A-_-²-§Ä- kw-`-hn-¡p-¶p-
v.- H-cp- a-¯m-bn h-N-\w-Im-Wp-I:--
""C-{km-tbÂ- a-¡Ä- hn-ea- X - n-¨h- s- â- hn-eb- m-b- 30 sh-Ån-¡miv-
A-hÀ- F-Sp-¯p.- IÀ-¯m-hv- F-t¶m-Sv- A-cp-fn-s¨-bv-XXp -t]m-se-
Ip-i-h-sâ- \n-e-¯n-¶p-th-n- sIm-Sp-¯p''- (a-¯m-bn- 27:--:-9,-10)-.-
P-d-an-bm- {]-hm-N-I-sâ- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ-\n-¶m-Wv- a-¯m-bn- D²-
cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶X - v.- {]kvX - p-X- ]p-kvX
- I- ¯- n-\v- 52 A-[ym-b§ - f- m-WpÅ-
Xv.- Cu- A-[ym-b§ - f- n-sem-¶pw- X-s¶- C-¯c- s- am-cp- h-N\ - w- ImWm-
\m-hnÃ.- F-¶mÂ- sk-Jc- ym-hn-sâ- ]p-kX v- I-¯nÂ- Cu- h-N\ - apv.-
A-Xn-§-s\-bmWv:-
""Rm³- A-h-tcm-Sv-:- \n§Ä-¡v- a-\-Êp-s-¦nÂ- F-sâ- Iq-en-
X-cp-hn³.- C-sÃ¶v- h-cp-InÂ- X-c-- F-¶v- ]-d-ªp.- A-§s\- A-
hÀ- F-sâ- Iq-en-bm-bn- 30 sh-Ån-¡miv- Xq-¡n-¯-¶p.- F-¶mÂ-
sb-tlm-h- F-t¶m-Sv-,- A-Xv- `-Wv-Um-c-¯nÂ- C-«v-I-f-bp-I.- AhÀ-
F-s¶- a-Xn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- a-t\m-lc- a- m-sb-mcp- hn-e- X-t¶- F-¶v- IÂ]n-
¨p.- A-§-s\- Rm³- B- 30 sh-Ån-¡m-iv- hm-§n- b-tlmh-bp-sS-
B-e-b-¯n-se- `-Wv-Um-c-¯nÂ- C«p-I-f-ªp''- (sk-J-cym- 11:-12,13).-
]-g-b-\n-b-a- {]-hm-N-I-·mÀ- ]-d-ª- kw-K-Xn-I-sf-Ãmw- tb-ip-
hnÂ- ]qÀ-¯o-Icn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-s-¶v- h-cp-¯n-¯oÀ-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ- X-
{X-¸m-Sn-\n-S-bv-¡v- a-¯m-bn-¡v- kw-`-hn-¨- H-cp- ò-am-_-²w- am-{X-
amWnXv.- skJ-cym-hn-sâ- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- \n-¶p-Å- h-N-\w- D-²-
cn-¨v- Pd-an-bm-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ-\n-¶m-sW-¶v- F-gp-Xp-I-sb-¶-
A-_-²w.- Cu- A-_-²w- kw-`-hn-¨-Xv- a-¯m-bn-¡m-sW-¦nÂ- A-Xv-
kzm-`m-hn-I-sa-¶v- ]-d-ªv- X-Ån-¡-f-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p.- ]-t£,- A-_-
²w- kw-`-hn-¨-Xv- ]-cn-ip-²m-Xv-am-hn-\m-sW-¦nÂ.....-
a-¯m-bn- 27:-9,-10.- sIm-¨n-bn-se- `m-c-Xv- ss_-_nÄ- skm-ssk-än- ]p-d-¯n-d-¡n-b-

a-e-bm-fw- ss_-_nfnÂ.-
a- ä- p- ss_-_n-fp-If- nÂ- \n-¶v- hy-Xy-kvX

- a- m-bn- C-XnÂ- "skJ-cym-'- {- ]-hm-NI
- s- \-¶v- F-
gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-.- 20 \q-äm-p-I-fm-bn- ss{I-k-vX-h-k-`- sam-¯-¯nÂ- BhÀ-¯n-
¨p- h-cp-¶- A-_² - w- Cu-bS- p-¯I - m-e¯
- v- sIm-¨n-¡mÀ- Xn-cp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p!- ]-cn-
ip-²m-ßm-hn-\p- kw-`-hn-¨- sX-äv- Xn-cp-¯p-¶- sIm-¨n-¡m-sc- F-´m-Wv- hn-fn-¡p-I?-
]pXn-b- ]-c-n-ip-²m-Xv-am-hv-!-
a-¯m-bn-bp-sS- kp-hn-ti-j-¯n-se- Cu- A-_-²w- B-Zn-a-Im-ew-
ap-XÂ- X-s¶-bp-Å- ss_-_nÄ- ]-Xn-¸p-I-fnÂ- B-hÀ-¯n-¨v- h¶p-
sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.- C-¶v- ]p-d-¯n-d-§p-¶- Cw-¥o-jn-epw- a-ebm-
f-¯n-ep-sa-Ãm-ap-Å- {]-ap-J- ss_-_n-fp-I-fn-se-Ãmw- C-tX- A-_²w-
A-sX-t]m-se-Xs- ¶- B-hÀ-¯n-¡s- ¸-«n-«p-v.- ss_-_nÄ- hn-ZymÀYn-
I-fp-sS- ap-¼nÂ- kp-hn-ti-j-I·mÀ-¡v- Xn-I-¨pw- D-¯-cwap-«p-¶-
Hcp- ]-cm-aÀ-i-am-Wn-Xv.- F-´m-Wn-Xn-s\m-cp- ]-cn-lm-cw?- ss_-_nfn
Â- Xn-cp-¯-ep-IÄ- h-cp-¯p-I-X-s¶-!- A-§-s\-bm-Wv- sIm-¨n-bnse-
"`mc-Xv- ss_-_nÄ- skm-ssk-än'- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨-Xv.- A-hÀ- Cu- hN\
-¯nÂ- (a-¯m-bn- 27:-9)- "sN-dn-sbm-cp'- am-äw- h-cp-¯n.- "P-d-an-bm-hnsâ-
]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ'- F-¶-Xn-\v- ]-I-cw- "sk-J-cym-hn-sâ- ]p-kv-X-I¯n
Â'- F-¶m-¡n- am-än-!- \q-äm-p-IÄ-¡v- ap-¼v- a-¯m-bn-¡v- ]-än-b- sXäv-
sIm-¨n-bn-se- ss_-_nÄ- {]-km-[-IÀ- Xn-cp-¯n-bXm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-
¦nÂ- k-am-[m-\n-¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p.- ^-s- aâ-en-kväp-If- p-sS- ho-£W-
{]-Im-cw- Cu- sX-äv- ]-cn-ip-²m-Xv-am-hn-\v- kw-`-hn-¨-Xm-Wv.- \qäm-p-

IÄ-¡v- ap-¼v- ]-cn-ip-²m-Xv-am-hn-\v- kw`-hn-¨- sX-äv- Xn-cp-¯n-b- sIm-
¨n-bn-se- `m-c-Xv- ss_-_nÄ- skm-ssk-än-¡m-sc- \mw- F´v- hn-fn
¡-Ww?- ]p-Xn-b- ]-cn-ip-²m-Xva- m-¡Ä- F-t¶m,- A-XÃ - - sX-äp-]ä- m¯-
hnip²m-Xv-am-¡-sf-t¶m?-
A\p-_Ôw 9
ss__n-fnse Xncp¯epIÄ
ss__nÄ FgpXs¸« cq]¯nÂ Xs¶bmWv C¶v \ne\nÂ

¡p¶sX¶pw bmsXmcp Xncp¯epIfpw- CXnÂ hcp¯nbn«nsÃ
¶pw hmZn¡s¸Smdpv. Hcp {KÙImc³ FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI:
"{InkvXym\nIÄ¡v ss__nfnÂ amäw hcpt¯ F´mhiy
amWpÅXv? AhÀ¡v X§fpsS \nXyPoht\¡mÄ hepXmbncn
¡ptam Cu Bhiyw? X§fpsS Bßmhnepw cIvX¯nepw X
§Ä Aaqeyambn¡cpXp¶ FÃmänepw sh¨v AhÀ Bcm[n¡p
¶ AhcpsS c£I\pw IÀ¯mhpambh³ ap{Zbn«ncn¡p¶
DS¼SnbmWv ss__nÄ. Ah³ Xs³d hnizkvX At¸mkvXe
\mb tbml¶m\neqsS \ÂIp¶ ap¶dnbn¸v {i²n¡pI: "Cu
]pkvXI¯nse {]hN\§Ä {ihn¡p¶hÀs¡ms¡ Rm³
ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂIp¶p: Bsc¦nepw ChtbmSv Fs´¦nepw Iq«n
t¨À¯mÂ, Cu ]pkvXI¯nÂ hnhcn¨n«pÅ _m[IÄ ssZhw
AbmÄ¡p \ÂIpw. Cu {]hN\ ]pkvXI¯nse hN\§fnÂ
\n¶v Bsc¦nepw Fs´¦nepw FSp¯pamänbmÂ Cu ]pkvXI
¯nÂ hnhcn¨n«pÅ Pohs³d hr£¯nepw hnip²\Kc¯n-
epw AbmÄ¡pÅ Hmlcn ssZhw FSp¯p Ifbpw (shfn]mSv
22:18,19)
'-
ss__nÄ Hcn¡epw Xncp¯s¸«n«nsÃ¶v kvYm]n¡phm\m

bn At±lw hopw FgpXp¶p: "R§fmsc¦neptam kzÀK¯nÂ
\n¶v BKX\mb Hcp amemJ Xs¶tbm \n§tfmSv R§Ä
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 228 ss__n-fnse Xncp¯epIÄ 229
{]kwKn¨n«pÅ kphntij¯n\p hncp²ambn {]kwKn¡pIbm cn¡psa¶ Hcp {]Xo£ B kaql¯nÂ \ne\n¶ncps¶¦nepw

sW¦nÂ AbmÄ A`ni]vX\mIs«' (Kem¯nb 1:8)sb¶ A AXv Dd¸n¨v ]dbphm³ X¡ sXfnhpIÄ AhcpsS ]¡Â
t¸mkvXenI IÂ]\ \ne\nÂ¡pt¼mÄ ssZh¯ns³d kphn CÃmbncp¶p. B Ahkc¯nÂ FgpXs¸« aÀt¡mkns³d
tij¯nÂ Bscsb¦nepw Fs´¦nepw amä¯ncp¯epIÄ¡v kphntij¯nepw C¡mcyw \ngen¨p ImWp¶pv. e`yamb
{Inkv{Xob kaqlw k½Xn¡ptam?' - 2
]pXnb\nba Is¿gp¯p tcJIfnÂ Gähpw ]pcmX\amb
aqe{KÙ¯nse Xncp¯epIÄ tImUIvkv ssk\män¡knepw tImUIvkv h¯n¡m\knepw
ss__nÄ ]Xn¸pIfnÂ hcp¯nb Xncp¯epIÄ ImWn¨p aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijw ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw F«mw hN\
sImSp¡pt¼mÄ Ah ]cn`mjbnepmb hyXnbm\§Ä am{X t¯mSp IqSn Ahkm\n¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. tbip {Iqin¡
amsW¶pw aqe¯nÂ bmsXmcp Xncp¯epIfpansÃ¶pw hmZn s¸«Xn\v tijapÅ kw`h§fpsS hnhcWhpw aKvZe\ adnb
¡pIbmWv anj\dnamÀ sN¿mdpÅXv. CXv kXyaÃ. BZyIme bpw bmt¡m_ns³d A½ adnbbpw ktemanbpwIqSn ihicoc
ss{IkvXhcnÂ ]ecpw X§fpsS AòjvS¯n\pw A`n{]mb§ ¯nÂ ssXew ]qim³ thn sN¶t¸mÄ IÃd¡p ap¼nÂ
Ä¡pa\pkrXambn aqe{KÙ¯nÂ Xs¶ [mcmfw Xncp¯ep sh¨ncp¶ IÃv Dcp«n amäs¸«Xmbn IXpw shfp¯ A¦n
IÄ \S¯nbncp¶psh¶mWv ]pcmX\ ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIfp [cn¨ bphmhv tbip DbÀs¯gpt¶äncn¡p¶psh¶v ]dªXv
sS Is¯Â hyIvXam¡nbn«pÅ hnhn[ hkvXpXIfnsem¶v. tI«v ChÀ `bt¶mSnbXmbpapÅ Imcy§fpsS hnhcWhpw
Ignªv aÀt¡mkv Xs³d kphntijw Ahkm\n¸n¡pIbmWv
X§fpsS CÑ¡\pkrXambn thZ{KÙw Xncp¯nbpw ad¨psh
sN¿p¶Xv. ]pcmX\ ssIsbgp¯v {]XnIÄ {]Imcw aÀt¡mkn
¨pw ioen¨ blqZ dºnamcpsS ]n³apd¡mcmbn h¶ ss{IkvX
s³d kphntijw ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw F«mw hN\¯nÂ "Ah
h ]ptcmlnX·mÀ "tbip{InkvXphns³d kphntijw' hnkvacn À `bNInXcmbncp¶Xn\mÂ AhÀ (aKvZe\adnbbpw bmt¡m
¡pI am{XaÃ, tbiphns\¡pdn¨ BZyIme cN\IfnÂ Xncp _ns³d A½ adnbbpw ktemanbpw) BtcmSpw H¶pw ]dªn
¯epIÄ \S¯p-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xn-c-p¶p-sh¶pXs¶bmWv a\Ên Ã' F¶ {]kvXmh\tbmsS {]kvXpX kphntijw Ahkm\n
em¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. ¸n¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv.
aqe{KÙ¯nÂ \S¯nb Xncp¯epIÄ¡v GXm\pw DZmlc aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijw FgpXs¸«Xn\v tijw ss{Ikv
W§fmWv Xmsg hn-h-cn-¡p-¶-Xv-.- Xh kaql¯ns³d hnizmk¯nÂ kmcamb amä§fpmbn.
amÀt¡mkns³d kphntij¯nse Xncp¯Â "acn¨hcnÂ \n¶v DbÀs¯gpt¶äh\mb {InkvXphnepÅ
tbiphns³d PohnXs¯¡pdn¨v hnhcn¡p¶ ]pXnb \nba hnizmkw' ss{IkvXh kaql¯n³d ASnkvYm\m-ZÀi§fn
`mKamWtÃm kphntij§Ä. aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijamWv sem¶mbn amdn. Cu hnizmk¯n\v tcJbpsS AwKoImcapm
C¶pÅXnÂ BZyambn cNn¡s¸« kphntijsa¶ hkvXpX hp¶Xn\pthn A¡mes¯ Fgp¯pImÀ {]tXyIw ]cn{ian
ap¼v hnhcn¨n«pv. aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijw cNn¡s¸«Xv ¨p. aÀt¡mkns³d kphntijs¯ B[mcam¡n X§fptSXm
{InkvXm_vZw Fgp]XpIfnemsW¶mWv ss__nÄ ]WvUnX b ssienbnÂ kphntij cN\ \nÀÆln¨ a¯mbnbpw eqt¡m
·mcpsS A`n{]mbw. A¡meL«¯nÂ {InkvXphns\¡pdn¨v kpw tI«ptIÄhnIfpsS ASnkvYm\¯nÂ tbip ]p\cp°m\
\ne\n¶ncp¶ hnizmkamWv \ap¡v AXnÂ ImWm³ Ignbp¶ ¯n\v tijw injy·mÀ¡p {]Xy£s¸«psh¶ Hcp IY cNn¨p
Xv. IpcninÂ {Iqcambn sImesN¿s¸« tbiphns\¡pdn¨ X§fpsS kphntijt¯msSm¸w tNÀ¯p. ]p\cp°m\¯n\v
hnizmkamWv A¶pmbncp¶Xv. tbip ]p\cp°m\w sNbvXn tijw tbip injy·mÀ¡p ap¼nÂ {]Xy£s¸«p F¶ IYsb
kw_\v[n¨ hnhcW¯nÂ a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw X½nÂ Cu kphntijt¯mSv tNÀ¡s¸«sX¶mWv tXm¶p¶Xv'

Hcp]mSv sshcp[y§fpv. Cu sshcp²y§Ä¡v ImcWw ]p\ aÀt¡mkns³d kphntij¯nÂ Hcp `mK¯p \S¶ Ir{Xna
cp°m\sa¶ IYsb "tcJmaqe' am¡p¶Xn\pthn a¯mbn- s¯¸än apIfnÂ hnhcn¨XnÂ \n¶v \ap¡v a\Ênem¡m³
bpw eqt¡mkpw kzX{ámbn {ian¨XmWv. Ignbp¶ H«phfsc Imcy§fpv. X§Ä Dt±in¡p¶ Bib
tbip {InkvXp acn¨hcnÂ \n¶v DbÀs¯gpt¶äpsh¶ §Ä¡\pkrXambn hnip²sa¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶ {KÙ§fnÂ
hnizmkw ss{IkvXh hnizmk¯ns³d BWn¡Ãpw ]pXnb hN\§Ä Iq«nt¨À¡pIbpw hn«pIfbpIbpw sN¿p¶ {]hW
\nba]pkvXI§fpsS ktµihpambn a\Ênem¡s¸«t¸mÄ X blqZcnepw {InkvXym\nIfnepw BZyImew apXÂ¡p Xs¶
]p\cp°m\s¯¡pdn¨v FÃm kphntij§fpwhyIvXambn \ne\n¶ncp¶psh¶v CXnÂ \n¶v a\Ênem¡msa¶XmWv Gä
{]Xn]mZnt¡Xv AXymhiyamsW¶ AhkvYbpmbn. aÀ hpw {][m\s¸« Imcyw. {InkvXm_vZw \memw \qämnÂ FgpX
t¡mkns³d kphntij¯ns³d kam]vXn ]p\cp°m\sa¶ s¸«sX¶v hnNmcn¡s¸Sp¶ tImUIvkv XmcXtay\ ]pXnb
ss{IkvXh hnizmk¯ns³d B[mcs¯ km[qIcn¡p¶X ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIfpambn XmcXayw sNbvXt¸mÄ ]ÞnX
sÃ¶v A¡meL«¯nse ]ptcmlnX·mcnÂ NneÀ¡v tXm¶n. ·mÀ¡v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignª Hcp Ir{Xnaw am{XamWv aÀt¡m
AXns³d ASnkvYm\¯nÂ eqt¡mkv Ccp]¯n\memw A[ym kns³d kphntij¯ns³d Ahkm\¯nÂ cmw \qämnÂ
b¯ns³dbpw tbml¶m³ Ccp]Xmw A[ymb¯ns³dbpw \S¯s¸«sX¶v hnNmcn¡p¶ Ir{Xnaw. CtX t]mse Hcp]mSv
shfn¨¯nÂ ]p\cp°m\¯n\p tijw tbip injy·mÀ¡v Ir{Xna§Ä \S¶n«pmImw. IqSpXÂ ]pcmX\amb ssIsb
{]Xy£s¸«XmbpÅ Hcp IY AhÀ FgpXnbpm¡n aÀt¡m gp¯p {]XnIÄ D]e_v[amsb¦nÂ am{Xta Ah Ip]nSn
kns³d kphntij¯ns³d Ahkm\w tNÀ¯p. C§s\ tNÀ ¡m³ km[n¡q.
¡s¸«hbmWv aÀt¡mkv ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw H¼Xp apXÂ tbml¶m³ kphntij¯nse Xncp¯Â
Ccp]XphscbpÅ hN\§Ä. CtXt]mse Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«XmsW¶v ]ÞnX·mÀ ]dbp
]pcmX\ ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIfnÂ ImWs¸Sp¶nÃsb¶ ¶ asämcp `mKamWv tbml¶ms³d kphntijw Ggmw A[ym
HscmäImcW¯mÂ am{XaÃ aÀt¡mkv 16:9þ20 hN\§Ä bw 53þmw hN\w apXÂ F«mw A[ymbw 11-þmw hN\w hscbpÅ
]n¶oSv \nÀan¨v Iq«nt¨¯XmsW¶p ]dbp¶Xv. Cu `mK¯n hmIy§Ä. Cu hmIy§Ä ]pcmX\amb ssIsbgp¯p {]XnI
s³d `mjbpw ssienbpsaÃmw Cu kphntij¯ns³d _m¡n fntem ]Xn¸pIfntem ImWs¸Sp¶nÃ. Cu `mK¯ns³d `mjm
`mK§fnÂ \n¶v XnI¨pw hyXncnIvXamWv. "Zn \yq sPtdmw ssienbpw tbml¶mt³dXÃ, adn¨v kwlnX kphntij§fp
ss__nÄ hymJym\ {KÙw' ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: "aÀt¡mkn tSXmWv. Cu `mK¯ns³d cNbnXmhv eqt¡mkns³d kphnti
s³d kphntijw ]Xn\mdmw A[ymb¯nse H¼Xp apXÂ jw cNn¨ hyIvXnbmbncn¡m\mWv km[yXsb¶mWv ]ÞnX
Ccp]Xp hscbpÅ hN\§Ä AhbpsS `mh¯nepw `mjmLS aXw. aq¶mw \qämn\p tijamWv Cu `mKw tbml¶ms³d
\bnepw {]kvXpX kphntij¯ns³d _m¡n `mK§fnÂ \n¶v kphntij¯nÂ tNÀ¡s¸«sX¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶p. "]m]w
XnI¨pw hyXncnIvXamWv. Cu `mKw \ap¡n¶v e`n¨ncn¡p¶ sN¿m¯hÀ IsÃdnbs«' F¶ {]kn²amb ss__nÄ hN\w
Gähpw ]pcmXamb Is¿gp¯p {]XnIfnÂ ImWs¸Sp¶nÃ. DÄs¡mÅp¶ `mKamWnXv. hy`nNmcnWnbmb Hcp kv{Xosb
eqt¡mkns³d kphntijw 24þmw A[ymb¯ns³dbpw tbml IsÃdnbp¶Xn\p thn tbiphns³d ASp¯p sImp hcn
¶ms³d kphntijw 20þmw A[ymb¯ns³dbpw shfn¨¯nÂ Ibpw "\n§fnÂ ]m]anÃm¯hÀ IsÃdnbs«' F¶p ]dªv
\nÀan¡s¸« Cu `mK¯nse IYIÄ cmw \qämnemWv tbip Ahsf c£n¡pIbpw sNbvXXmbpÅ IYbmWv Cu
`mK¯ns³d DÅS¡w. Cu `mK§Ä Fń\p thnbmWv t\cnSphm³ ]ptcmlnX·mÀ Xocpam\n¨psh¦nepw FÃm {ia
tbml¶ms³d kphntij¯nÂ FgpXnt¨À¯sX¶v \ap¡dn §fpw \njvêamhpIbmWpmbXv. Ahkm\w Cu hnizmk
bnÃ. hy`nNmcnWnsb IsÃdnbpIsb¶ blqZ \nbaw \ne\n ¯n\v thZ{KÙ¯nÂ Hcp tcJbpm¡phm³ Xs¶ ]ptcmln
¶ncp¶ BZyIme {InkvXym\nIÄ¡nSbnÂ {]kvXpX Ipäw X·mÀ Xocpam\n¨p. Bßmhv, Pew, cIvXw F¶nhbpsS
sNbvX Bscsb¦nepw c£n¡phm\mbn "tbip hy`nNmcnWnsb km£ys¯¡pdn¨p {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ tbml¶ms³d H¶mw
shdpsX hn«p'sh¶ IÅ¡Y \nÀan¨v tbml¶ms³d kphnti teJ\¯ns³d `mK¯p Xs¶ ]nXmhv, ]p{X³, ]cnip²mßmhv
jt¯mSv GsX¦nepw ]ptcmlnX·mÀ Iq«nt¨À¯XmImsa¶v F¶nhbpsS sFIys¯¡pdn¨ `mKw FgpXnt¨À¡m³ AhÀ
\ymbambpw Duln¡mhp¶XmWv. aäp kphntij§sfm¶pw k¶²cmbn. tbml¶ms³d H¶mw teJ\w A©mw A[ymb
Xs¶ Cu IY D²cn¡p¶nsÃ¶ hkvXpX Cu A\pam\s¯ ¯ns³d Ggmw hN\ambn AhÀ C§s\sbmcp hN\w FgpXn
km[qIcn¡p¶p. AsX´p Xs¶bmbncp¶mepw, Cu `mKw tbm t¨À¯p. "aq¶pt]cmWv kzÀK¯nÂ km£yw \nÂ¡p¶Xv.
l¶ms³d kphntij¯nÂ XncpIn¡bänbXmsW¶ hkv ]nXmhv, hN\w, ]cnip²mßmhv. ChÀ aq¶pt]cpw H¶pXs¶'.
XpX, FgpXs¸« tijw Bcpw Hcp hn[¯nepw ssIIS¯epI Cu hN\w BZyImes¯ Hcp ssIsbgp¯p tIm¸nbnep
Ä \S¯m¯ {KÙamWv ss__nsf¶ AhImihmZ¯ns³d anÃ. F¦nepw Iptd Imew ss{IkvXh P\X Cu hN\s¯bpw
ap\sbmSn¡p¶psh¶XmWv hmkvXhw. Imt\m\nIambn AwKoIcn¡pIbpw {XntbIXz¯n\v ss__n
tbml-¶msâ teJ-\-¯nse Xncp-¯Â. fnepÅ sXfnhmbn D²cn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. CubSp¯ Ime¯v
hnip²sa¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶ {KÙ§fnÂ X§fpsS AòjvS cNn¡s¸« {KÙ§fnÂ t]mepw {XnXz¯n\pÅ sXfnhmbn
¯ns\m¯v amä¯ncp¯epIÄ hcp¯p¶ k{¼Zmbw ss{Ikv Cu hN\w FSp¯p tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p. k¡cnbm _p{Xqkv Fgp
Xh ]ptcmlnX·mÀ XmcXtay\ ASp¯Imew hsc XpSÀ¶p Xn "hnip² {XnXz¯nÂ ssZhw GI\mWv' F¶ ]pkvXIw
sh¶mWv a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. {XntbIXzs¯¡pdn¨v DZmlcWw. CXnÂ \n¶v F{Xt¯mfw Cu hN\w kXyk\v[
ss__nÄ ]cmaÀiw DZmlcWamsbSp¡pI. \memw \qämn hpw thZ]pkvXI¯nepÅXpamsW¶ hnizmkw \ne\n¶ncp
emWtÃm ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cnip²mßmhpw tNÀ¶XmWv ¶psh¶v a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. CubSp¯ Imew hsc hyXy
GIssZhw F¶ kn²m´¯n\v tIm¬kväm³dnt\m¸nÄ kvX `mjIfnepÅ ss__nfpIfnÂ Cu hN\apmbncp¶p.
Iu¬knÂ AwKoImcw \ÂInbXv. A¶p apXÂ C¶phscbp {]kn² "InwKv sPbnwkv thÀj³' Cw¥ojv ss__nfnÂ Ct¸m
Å ss{IkvXh ]ÞnX·msc Ipg¡p¶ {]iv\amWv ss__nfn gpw Cu hN\w {]kn²oIcn¡p¶pv. AXn§s\bmWv: 'For
sehnsSsb¦nepw {XntbIXzkn²m´w {]Xn]mZn¨n«ptmsb there are three that bear record in heaven, The Father, The Word
¶ tNmZyw. Cu tNmZy¯n\v ]e hN\§fpw sXämbn hymJym and The Holy Ghost: and these three are one (I John 5:7). ae
\n¨psImmWv C¶v anj\dnamÀ D¯cw ]dbm³ {ian¡p¶Xv. bmfw ss__nfnepw ASp¯Imew hsc Cu hN\w \nehnep
{XntbIssZhhnizmkw HutZymKnI hnizmk{]amWambn mbncp¶p. aebmfw s{]m«kvä³dv ss__nfnepw It¯men
{InkvXm_vZw 381 Â Xs¶ {]Jym]n¡s¸«ncp¶psh¦nepw AXv ¡mss__nfnepsaÃmw Cu hN\apmbncp¶p. Ahkm\ambn
P\§Ä¡nSbnÂ {]Nmc¯nembXv- A©mw \qämnepw AXn aebmf ss__nfnÂ Cu hN\w IWp¶Xv 1987Â {]kn²oIcn
\p tijhpambncp¶p. km[mcW¡mÀ¡nSbnÂ Cu Zpcqlhn ¡s¸« ]vio¯m hnip² {KÙ¯nse ]pXnb \nba¯nemWv.
izmkw {]Nmc¯nembXp apXÂ AhÀ t\cs¯ ]dª tNm hShmXqÀ skan\mcn {]kn²oIcn¨ Cu {KÙ¯nÂ 1 tbml
Zyw D¶bn¡phm\mcw`n¨p. Cu {]iv\s¯ ]e hn[¯nÂ ¶m³ 5:7 \ÂInbncn¡p¶Xv C{]ImcamWv. "Hcph³ am{Xamb
]nXmhpw hN\hpw ]cnip²mßmhpw kzÀK¯nÂ km£yw {XnXz kn²m´¯n\v hyIvXamb thZ]pkvXI sXfnhp \Â
\ÂIp¶p' Ip¶p sh¶Xn\mÂ ssZhimkv{XÚ·mÀ Ime{ItaW aqe{K
F¶mÂ C¶v ]pd¯nd§p¶ H-cp-hn[w- ss__nfpIfnÂ Ù¯ns³d `mKambn AwKoIcn¡pIbmWpmbXv. al¯mb
\ns¶Ãmw Cu hN\w \o¡w sNbvXncn¡p¶Xmbn ImWm³ ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIÄ Ip]nSn¡s¸Sp¶Xn\p ap¼s¯
Ignbpw. aebmf¯nÂ {]-ap-J- ss__nfp-I-fn-sem-¶pw- Cu ]WvUnX·mcmWv CXv AwKoIcn¨Xv.'
hN\w C¶v D]tbmKn¡s¸Sp¶nÃ. Cw¥ojnemIs« InwKv bYmÀ° hnizmk¯nÂ \n¶v hgn]ng¨ HcmfmWv {XnXzs¯
sPbnwkv thÀj\nsemgn¨v aäp {]XnIfnsem¶pw Xs¶ Cu ¡pdn¨v hyIvXambn hnhcn¡p¶ ss__nÄ hmNIw \nÀ½n¨
hN\w ImWs¸Sp¶nÃ. Cu hN\w FÃm ss__nfpIfnÂ sX¶mWtÃm CXnÂ \n¶v a\Ênemhp¶Xv. {XntbIXzs¯
\n¶pw Hgnhm¡s¸«ncn¡p¶psh¶v kmcw. CXv Hgnhm¡nbXn \nÀan¨hcpw AXv thZ]mTam¡p¶Xn¶mbn {ian¨hcpsaÃmw
¶p ImcWambn Zn \yq sPdpktew ss__nÄ ]dbp¶Xv "]pcm hgn]ng¨hÀ Xs¶!
X\ {Ko¡v ssIsbgp¯v {]XnIfntem ]cn`mjIfntem Cu BZyImew apXÂ¡pXs¶ ss__nfnÂ ssIIS¯epIÄ
hN\w ImWs¸Sm¯Xn\mÂ Cu hN\w ss__nfnte¡v \S¶n«pv F¶pÅXn\pÅ GXm\pw sXfnhpIfmWv apIfnÂ
IS¯n¡q«nbXmsW¶v a\Ênem¡nbXn\memWv' F¶mWv. ]dªXv. C§s\ Hcp]mSv IS¯n¡q«epIfpw Ingn¡epIfpw
ChbnÂ \ns¶Ãmw Cu hN\w, {XntbIXzw ss__nfpsImp ss__nfnÂ \S¶n«pmhWw. bYmÀ° thZ{KÙw IfbpI
kvYm]n¡p¶Xn¶pthn Btcm ss__nfnÂ XncpIn¡bänb am{XaÃ, X§Ä hnip²§sf¶p hnizkn¨ncp¶ {KÙ§fnÂ
XmsW¶v kpXcmw hyIvXamIp¶p. btYjvSw Ir{Xna§Ä \S¯pIbpw sN¿m³ bmsXmcp aSnbpan
F§s\bmWv Cu hN\w ss__nfnÂ IS¶pIqSnbXv? Ãm¯hcmbncp¶p ]ptcmlnX·mÀ F¶mWv Ch hyIvXam¡p
hneyw _mÀss¢ cNn¨ "Zn sUbven kväUn ss__nÄ' ]dbp ¶Xv. ss__nfnÂ bmsXmcp amähpw hcp¯m³ {InkvXym\nIÄ
¶Xp ImWpI: "14þmw \qämn\p ap¼s¯ Hcp {Ko¡v ssIsb X¿mdmIpI-bnsÃ¶ hmZw Ig¼nÃm¯XmsW¶mWtÃm Chbn
gp¯p{]Xnbnepw Cu hN\w ImWp¶nÃ. aq¶mas¯bpw \mem Â \n¶p a\Ênemhp¶Xv.
as¯bpw \qämpIfnse al¯mb ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIfn ss__nÄ ]Xn¸pIfnse Xncp¯epIÄ
sem¶pw Cu hN\anÃ. BZyImes¯ alm·mcmb k`m ]nXm
¡·mÀ¡v Cu hN\w AdnbpIt]mepanÃmbncp¶p. sPtdman ss__nÄ aqe{KÙ¯nse Nne Xncp¯epIfmWv \mw NÀ
s³d hÄtKäv (Vulgate) bYmÀ° ]Xn¸nÂ Cu hN\w DÄs¸Sp ¨ sNbvXXv. ss__nÄ ]cn`mjIfnepw Cu cq]¯nepÅ Xncp
¯nbn«nÃ. {InkvXm_vZw 385Â acn¨ kv]m\njv ]mjWvU³ ¯epIÄ \S¶n«pv. hymJym\n¨v H¸n¡phm³ ]äm¯ ]e
(heretic) {]nknÃy\mWv BZyambn Cu hN\w D²cn¡p¶Xv.
{]kvXmh\Ifpw kuIcy]qÀhw Xncp¯phm³ ss__nÄ ]cn-
AXn¶p tijw sasÃ sasÃ CXv ]pXnb \nba¯ns³d e¯o `mjIÀ {ian¨n«pv. ss__nfnÂ Fs´¦nepw amä¯ncp¯ep
³ ]mT¯nte¡v \pgªpIbdn. F¦nepw, \mw IXpt]mse, IÄ hcp¯nbmÂ iIvXamb in£IÄ e`n¡psa¶ shfn]mSp
{Ko¡v Is¿gp¯p {]XnIfnÂ AXn¶v At¸mgpw kvYm\w e`n ]pkvXI¯nse (22:18,19) Xm¡oXv B[p\nI ss__nÄ ]cn`m
¨nÃ. jI·mcpw hymJymXm¡fpw XrWhÂKWn¡pIbmWv sN¿p
¶Xv.
]ns¶sb§s\bmWv CXv aqe{KÙ¯nte¡v Ibdn¡qSnb
Xv? ]IÀs¯gp¯pImcs³d hniZoIcWtam hymJym\tam BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXI¯nse Xncp¯Â
Bbn amÀPn\nembncn¡Ww BZyambn CXv {]Xy£s¸«Xv. ss__nÄ ]gb\nba¯nÂ {]kn²amsbmcp {]hN\apv.
BhÀ¯\w 18:18 se {]hN\w. AXn§s\bmWv: "At¸mÄ ktlmZc kapZmbamb CkvamboeycnÂ (Ad_nIÄ) \n¶p
IÀ¯mhv Ft¶mSv AcpÄ sNbvXp. AhÀ ]dªsXÃmw icn \ntbmKn¡s¸«h\-pamWv. AXpsImp Xs¶ tamitbmSpÅ
Xs¶. \ns¶t¸mse Hcp {]hmNIs\ AhcpsS ktlmZc·m hmKvZm\w ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«Xv apl½Zv (e)emsW¶v apkv
cnÂ \n¶v AhÀ¡mbn Rm³ DbÀ¯pw. Rm³ Fs³d hN\ enwIÄ hmZn¡p¶p. (IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-¯n\v Fw. Fw. AIv_À
§Ä AbmfpsS \mhnÂ \nthin¸n¡pw. Rm³ IÂ]n¡p¶h cNn¨ ss__n-fnÂ {]h-Nn-¡s-- ¸« {]hm-N-I³ hmbn-¡p-I).
sbÃmw AbmÄ AhtcmSv ]dbpw' (BhÀ¯\w 18:18). ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·msc Ipg¡nbn«pÅ Hcp {]iv\amWn
tamsi {]hmNIt\mSpÅ ssZhnI hmKvZm\amWnXv. tamsi Xv. C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc·mcnÂ \n¶v hcp¶ {]hmNI³
sbt¸msebpÅ Hcp {]hmNIs\ C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc tbiphmbncn¡m\nSbnsÃ¶pw apl½Zm(e)bncn¡mt\ \nhr
·mcnÂ \n¶v DbÀ¯psa¶mWv hmKvZm\w. BcmWo {]hmN ¯nbpÅqsh¶papÅ kcfamb kXy¯n\p ap¼nÂ apJw Xncn
I³? tbiphmsW¶v hmZn¡s¸Sp¶pv. ]pXnb \nba {KÙ ¡pI am{XamWv ss{IkvXh ]ÞnX·mÀ sN¿p¶Xv.
Imc·mcnÂ NneÀ tbiphnÂ Cu hmKvZm\w ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«p Cu hn]Xvk\v[nbnÂ \n¶v c£s¸Sm\msW¶p tXm¶p¶p,
sh¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡m³ {ian¨n«pv. (At¸mkvXe {]hr¯n ]pXnb ]cn`mjIfnÂ Cu hN\¯n\v \ÂIp¶ ]cn`mj
IÄ 3:22þ26 ImWpI). "C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc·mcnÂ \n¶v' F¶Ã, {]XypX
ChnsS hensbmcp {]iv\apv. Cu hmKvZm\¯nÂ tamsi "C{kmboeyÀ¡nSbnÂ \n¶v' F¶mWv. The Catholic Living
sbt¸msebpÅ {]hmNIs\¡pdn¨mWv ]dªncn¡p¶Xv. P\ Bible se Cu hN\¯ns³d (Deutronomy 18:18) ]cn`mj
\¯ntem PohnX¯ntem ZuXy¯ntem PohnXmý¯ns³d ImWpI:
Imcy¯ntem H¶pw Xs¶ tamsisbt¸msebpÅ {]hmNI³ ' I will up from among them a prophet an Israeli like you. I
F¶p hnfn¡s¸Sphm³ tbip AÀl\sÃ¶v ]©]pkvXI§ will tell him what to say and he shall be my spokesman to the
fpw kphntij§fpw Hcp {]mhiyw XmcXayw sNbvXmÂ a\Ên people' (Page 233)
emIpw. AXpsImv Xs¶ "tamsisbt¸msebpÅ {]hmNI³'
tbiphmIm³ bmsXmcp \nÀÆmlhpanÃ. CtX hN\¯n\v Good News Bible \ÂIp¶ ]cn`mj
t\m¡pI:
asämcp {]iv\w IqSnbpv. tbip Hcp C{kmboÂ {]hmNI
\mWv. C{kmboÂ kapZmb¯nÂ P\n¨phfÀ¶p Pohn¨ hyIv I will send them a prophet like you from among their own
Xn. tamitbmSpÅf ssZhnI hmKvZm\w C{kmboeycnÂ \n¶v people. I will tell him what to say and he will tell the people
Hcp {]hmNIs\ Ab¡psa¶Ã; C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc·m every thing I command' (Page 189).
cnÂ \n¶v Hcp {]hmNIs\ Ab¡psa¶mWv. AXn\mÂ Xs¶ Cu cv Cw¥ojv ss__nÄ ]Xn¸pIfpw XmcXtay\ ]pXn
BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXI¯nÂ {]hNn¡s¸« {]hmNI³ tbiphm bhbmWv. The Catholic Living Bible BZyambn {]kn²oIcn¡
bn¡qSm. C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc kapZmb§fnteXnÂ s¸«Xv 1976emWv. Good News Bible s³d {]kn²oIcWhpw
\ns¶¦nepw h¶ {]hmNI\mbncn¡Ww. \S¶Xv GItZiw C¡me¯p Xs¶bmWv. tamsitbmSpÅ
kXy¯nÂ, tamsi {]hmNIt\mSpÅ ssZhn-I hmKvZm\w ssZhn-I hmKvZm\¯ns³d ]qÀ¯oIcWw \S¶Xv C{kmboey
]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv apl½Zn(e)emWv. FÃm AÀ \mb tbiphnemsW¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p¶Xn\p thnbpÅ
°¯nepw tamsisbt¸msebpÅ {]hmNI³ F¶p hnfn¡ {iaaÃmsX asäm¶paÃ Cu Xncp¯epIÄ¡v ]n¶nepÅXv.
s¸Sm³ apl½Zv (e) AÀl\mWv. At±lw C{kmboeycpsS C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc·mÀ¡nSbnÂ \n¶v \ntbmKn¡s¸«
{]hmNI³ apl½Zm(e)sW¶ hmZ¯nÂ \n¶v c£s¸Sphm {]hmNI IYIfnÂ A[mÀanIXIÄ Btcm]n¡pI am{XaÃ
\pÅ ]gpXp IqSn \nÀan¡pIbmhmw Cu ss__nfpIfpsS cN ss__nÄ sN¿p¶Xv; arZpe hnImc§sf C¡nfns¸Sp¯p¶
bnXm¡Ä sNbvXXv. coXnbnepÅ ]cmaÀi§fpw ss__nfnepv. Fk¡ntben
aqet¯mSv tbmPn¡p¶ ]cn`mj \ÂInbn«pÅXv King s³d ]pkvXI¯ns³d 23þmw A[ymbw AhbnÂ {][m\s¸«Xm
James Version Â BWv. AXn§s\bmWv: Wv. Htlem, Htlen_m F¶o cp ktlmZcnamcpsS ImatI
I will raise them up a Prophet from among their bretheren, fnIfmWv Cu A[ymb¯nÂ hnhcn¡p¶Xv. k`yXbpsS FÃm
like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall AXnÀhc¼pIfpw shSnª hnhcW§Ä! F¡met¯bpw
speak unto them all that I shall command him' (Page 228). ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX·mÀ¡v Cu A[ymbw Hcp XethZ\bm
bncp¶p. ssewKnItIfnIsf ¡pdn¨v ]¨bmb AhXcWw! CXv
aebmfw It¯men¡m ss__nfnÂ CXv C§s\ `mjm bphm¡sf hgnsXän¡psa¶v ]ptcmlnX·mÀ¡v a\Ênembn.
ćw sN¿s¸«ncn¡p¶p. F¶mÂ ssZhhN\atÃsb¶p IcpXn Cu hN\MÄ ss_
"AhcpsS ktlmZc·mcpsS CSbnÂ \n¶v \ns¶t¸mepÅ _nfnÂ kwc£n¨p t]mcpIbmWpmbXv. ae-bmfw ss__n-
Hcp {]hmNIs\ Rm\hÀ¡v thn Ab¡pw. Fs³d hm¡p fnse {]kà `mKw ImWp-I.
IÄ Rm³ Ahs³d \mhnÂ \nt£]n¡pw. Rm³ IÂ]n¡p¶ F¶mÂ, ]pXnb ss__nÄ ]cn`mjIfnÂ Cu `mKw ]qÀW
sXÃmw Ah³ AhtcmSv ]dbpw' (]pdw 175). ambn Xs¶ Xncp¯nsbgpXnbncn¡pIbmWv. ]¨bmb ssewKn
Cu hN\§fnÂ C{kmboeycnÂ \n¶v F¶p tZymXn¸n I hnhcW§Ä ]qÀWambn¯s¶ Hgnhm¡nbncn¡p¶p. Good
¡p¶ Hcp ]cmaÀihpanÃ F¶v hyIvXamWv. Zn Imt¯menIv News Bible epw The Catholic Living Bible epw Fsk¡ntb
enhnwKv ss__nfns³dbpw KpUv\yqkv ss__nfns³dbpw cN ens³d ]pkvXI¯nse 23þmw A[ymbw kwkvIc-n¨v- AhXcn¸n
bnXm¡Ä C{kmboeycnÂ \n¶mWv hcm\ncn¡p¶ {]hmNI³ ¨ncn¡p¶Xv ImWmw.
F¶p hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p¶ coXnbnÂ Cu hN\s¯ amän¯ncp \mw tNmZn¡pI. Fsk¡ntbens³d ]pkvXI¯nse 23þmw
¯pIbmWv sNbvXXv. A[ymbw FgpXs¸«Xv ssZh\nthi\w aqeamtWm? F¦nÂ
Fsk¡ntbens³d Xncp¯Â AXnse ]cmaÀi§Ä Xncp¯p¶Xn¶p thn B[p\nI
thZ{KÙw Fń\v thnbpÅXmWv? P\§sf ssZhamÀ ss__nÄ cNbnXm¡Ä X¿mdmIp¶sX´psImmWv? AhÀ
K¯neqsS \bn¡m³ F¶mWv FÃmhcpw D¯cw ]dbpI. ¡v shfn]mSv ]pkvXI¯nse Xm¡oXv _m[IatÃ? ss__nfn
A[mÀanIhr¯nIfnteÀs¸SmsX PohnXs¯ apt¶m«p s³d ssZh\nthi\w F¶ hmZw ChnsSbpw {]Xn¡q«nÂ \nÂ
\bn¡phm³ a\pjysc ]cym]vXam¡pIbmWv thZ{KÙ§fp ¡p¶p.
sS [Àaw. F¶mÂ ss__nfnse Nne `mK§Ä Cu s]mXphmb
[Àaw ]men¡p¶nÃ. {]hmNI IYIfnse ssewKnI ]cmaÀi
§Ä Ignª A[ymb¯nÂ \mw NÀ¨ sNbvXphtÃm. B IY
IfntesX¦nepw a\pjysc [Àa\njvTcm¡n¯oÀ¡ptam? AX
Ã, amXrIIfmth {]hmNI·mÀ t]mepw tXm¶nhmknIfm
bncp¶psh¶dnbpt¼mÄ sXäp sN¿m\pÅ t{]cW IqSpIbtÃ
sN¿pI?
Ezekiel Chapter 23
(Catholic Living Bible Â \n¶v )
HdnPn\enÂ D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶ `mj Dt]£n¨v \¶m¡n

AhXcn¸n¡phm³ {ian¨ncn¡p¶p. ssZh\nthinX hN\w
P\§Ä¡v hmbn¡phm³ thn \¶mt¡Xptm?
Fsk¡ntbÂ 23þmw A[ymbw

(aebmfw ss__nfnÂ \n¶v)
C{Xb[nIw hr¯ntISpIÄ
tNmZyw ss{Ikv {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«
Xh ]ÞnX·msc Ipg¡p¶p.{KÙw ssZh\nthinXamtWm F¶
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 242 Ncn{X IY-\-§Ä; ss_-_n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\n-epw 243
I-gnbnÃ;- A-§-s\- B-tcm-]n-¡p-¶-hÀ-s¡m-¶pw- {]-kv-Xp-X- hnaÀ-

i-\§Ä- k-Xy-k-\v-[-am-sW-¶v- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-b-n- k-aÀ-°n-¡m-
\m-hn-Ã,- XoÀ-¨.-
ssZ-hn-It_m-[-\-¯n-s³-d- kzm-[o-\-ap-Å- ss_-_n-fn-se-bpw-
ssZ-hn-It_m-[-\w- am-{X-a-S-§n-b- JpÀ-B-\n-se-bpw- N-cn-{X-I-Y-\
§Ä- X-½nÂ- km-ay-ap-m-hp-I- kzm-`m-hn-Ia- m-Wv.- F-¶mÂ- ASnkv-
Ym-\] - c- a- m-bn- km-ay-Xb- p-Å- I-YI - f- m-Wv- JpÀ-B\ - n-epw- ss_-_nfn-
ep-apÅ-sX-¦n-epw- A-hb - p-sS- hn-iZ- o-Ic- W
- §- f- nÂ- A-hK - W
- n-¡m\m-
A\p-_Ôw 10 hm-¯- A-´-c-§-fp-v.- Cu- A-´-c-§-fm-h-s«- JpÀ-B-\n-s³-d- ssZ-
Ncn{X IY-\-§Ä; ss_-_n-fnepw JpÀ-B-\n-epw hn-IX - - sh-fn-hm-¡p-Ib - pw- ss_-_n-fnÂ- am-\p-jn-Ia- m-b- I-chn-cpXp-
IÄ- \-S-¶n-«p-s-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-hbm-
Wv.-
ssZhn-It- _m-[\ - ¯- n-s³-d- A-Sn-kY v- m-\¯
- nÂ- k-aq-ls- ¯- \bn- N-cn-{X-I-Y-\-¯nÂ- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn- JpÀ
¨- ssZ-hZ- q-X·- m-cn-eq-sS- A-hX - c- n-¸n-¡s- ¸-«- th-Z{- K-\vY- §
- f- p-sSbpw- B³- ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sf- C-§-s\- kw-t£-]n-¡mw-:
{]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS- h-N-\-§-fp-sS-bpw- kzm-[o-\-ap-Å- {K-\vY-am-Wv- 1.- kr-jv-Sn-IÀ-¯m-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-t¼mÄ- A-h-s³d-
ss_-_nÄ- F-¶- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- ap-kv-enw-IÄ-¡v- kwi-bsam-¶pan- a-lXz-¯n-\v- A-\p-Kp-W-hpw- Hu-¶-Xy-¯n-\v- ¥m-\n-- kw-`-hn-¡m-¯-
Ã.- ssZ-hn-I- h-N-\-§-fpw- {]-hm-N-I- h-N-\-§-fpw- N-cn-{X-Im-c-s³d- Xp-am-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä- am-{X-sa- JpÀ-B\nepÅq.- ss_-_n-fn-emI-
ho-£-W-§-fpw- ]p-tcm-ln-X- \nÀ-t±-i-§-fp-sa-Ãmw- Iq-Sn-¡p-g-ªm- s«,- b-tlm-h-bp-sS- a-l-Xzw- DÂ-tLm-jn-¡p-¶p-s-¦n-epw- C-{km-
Wv- ss_-_n-fn-ep-Å-Xv.- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS- Po-hn-X- I-Y-I-fm-Wv- boÂ- hw-io-b-X-bp-sS- kzm-[o-\-ap-Å- h-N-\-§-sf-¯p-t¼mÄ- Cu-
ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- \-s«-Ãv- F-¶v- ]-d-bmw.- Cu- Po-hn-X- I-YIÄ-¡p- a-l-Xz-¯n-\v- hn-cp-²-am-b- \n-c-h-[n- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä- \-S-¯p-¶-Xmbn-
taÂ- ]p-tc-m-ln-X- h-N-\-§-fp-sS- amw-kw- s]m-Xn-ªp-sIm-m-Wv- Im-Wp-¶p-v.- a-\p-jy-s\- ssZ-h-¯n-s³-d- {]-Xn-Om-b-bnÂ- A-h¶v-
ss_-_nÄ- \nÀ-an-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv- F-¶p-]-d-ªmÂ- A-XnÂ- k-Zr-i-\m-bm-Wv- kr-jvSn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶v- (DÂ- 1:-26)- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv-
AÂ-]w -t]m-epw- A-Xn-i-tbm-Iv-Xn-bn-Ã.- ss_-_n-fn-se- {]-hm-NI- ap-XÂ-¡m-cw-`n-¡p-¶p- ssZ-ha- l - X- z-¯n-\v- hn-cp-²a- m-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i§
I-Y\ - §
- f- m-Is- «- ssZ-hn-I- t_m-[\ - ¯
- n-s³-db - pw- Zr-Ik
v- m-£n- hnhc- Ä.- hn-{i-a-am-h-iy-ap-Å-h-\m-bn- ssZ-h-s¯- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-tXmsS-
W-§f- p-sS-bp-sa-Ãmw- A-Sn-¯d- b - nÂ \ - n-¶p-sIm-v- ]nÂ-¡m-e- {K\v- (D-Â- 2:-2,-3)- ssZ-h-\n-µ- A-Xn-s³-d- ]-c-a- Im-jv-T-bn-se-¯p-¶p.- G-
Y-Im-c-·mÀ- c-Nn-¨-h-bm-Wv.- A-Xn-\mÂ- X-s¶,- ss_-_nÄ- N-cn{Xw- Z³- tXm-«-¯nÂ- H-fn-¨- B-Zm-an-s\-bpw- l-Æ-sb-bpw- A-t\zjn¨v-
\-sÃm-cp- i-X-am-\w- k-Xy-k-\v-[-hpw- kzo-Im-cy-hp-am-Wv- F-¶-XmWv- Xn-cª - p-\S- ¡ - p-¶- ss_-_n-fn-se- ssZ-hw- (D-Â- 3:-8þ13)- In-cm-XhÀK-
hm-kv-X-h-w.- §Ä-¡n-Sb - n-se- {]m-Ir-X- k-¦Â-]t- ¯-¡mÄ- Xm-g¶ v- - ssZ-hk¦Â-
J-pÀ-B-\n-se- N-cn-{X-I-Y-\w- C-XnÂ-\n-¶v- Xn-I-¨pw- hy-Xy-kvX- ]-am-Wv- tZym-Xn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.- Xm³- sN-bvXp-t]m-b- Im-cy-am-tem-Nn¨v-
am-Wv.- A-Xv- \q-dv- i-X-am-\w- ssZ-hn-I-am-Wv.- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- bm-sXmcp- Z-px-Jn-¡p-I-bpw- (DÂ- 6:-6)- ap³-Iq-«n- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-d-¨- Im-cy-§-fnÂ
hn-[¯ - n-ep-ap-Å- ssI-IS- ¯ - e - p-IÄ- A-Xn-en-Ã.- A-Xn-\mÂ- JpÀB- \n-¶v- a-\-kv- am-dp-I-bpw- (]p-d- 32:-14)- sN-¿p-¶- C-{km-tb-en-s³-d-
\n-se- N-cn-{Xw- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- A-\yq-\-hpw- {]amZapIvXhpamWv.- ssZ-hw- (]p-d-¸m-Sv- 20:-5)- tKm-{X-]n-Xm-hm-b- bm-t¡m-_p-am-bn- a-
AXnÂ- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[- A-_-²-§-fpw- B-tcm-]n-¡m³- BÀ-¡pw- Ãbp²w- \-S-¯n- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«- I-Y-Iq-Sn- (DÂ- 32:-28)- ss_-_nÄ-
]dbpt¼mÄ- C-{km-tbÂ- hw-io-b-X-bp-sS- kzm-[o-\w- F-{X-t¯m- ssZ-h-k-¦Â-]-§Ä- X-½n-ep-Å- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-b- hy-Xym-k§-

fw- AXn-s³-d- c-N-\-bn-ep-m-bn-«p-s-¶v- kp-X-cmw- t_m-[y-amIp- fn-em-Wv.- B-Z-an-s³-d- I-Y- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶n-S-¯p- X-s¶- Im-Wp-¶-
¶p.- JpÀB-\m-Is«-,- {]-]-©-¯n-s³-d- {k-jv-Sm-hpw- \n-b-´m-hpam- Ać-§Ä- {i-²n-¡p-I.-
bn- A-Ãm-lp-hn-s\- ]-cn-Nb - s- ¸-Sp-¯p-t¼m-sgm-¶pw- X-s¶- A-hs³d- (i)- B-Z-an-t\m-Spw- C-W-tbm-Spw- Xn-¶-cp-sX-¶v- IÂ-]n-¨- ]-gw-
a-l-Xz-¯n-t\m- hn-ip-²n-t¡m- tIm-«w- X-«n-¡p-¶- bm-sXm-c-p- ]-cmaÀ- \-·- Xn-·-I-sf-¡p-d-n-¨- A-dn-hn-s³-d- hr-£-¯n-t³-d-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-
i-hpw- \S-¯p-¶n-Ã.- A-d_ - n-If- p-sS-tbm- Jp-ssd-in-If- p-sS-tbm- am{Xw- ¶m-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.- (DÂ- 2:-17),- ss_-_nÄ- {]-Im-cw-
ssZha-Ã- JpÀ-B-\n-se- A-Ãm-lp,- {]-Xy-p-X- kÀ-Æ-tem-I- c-£nXm- A-Xv- Xn-¶p-I- h-gn-bm-Wv- a-\p-jy-\v- \-·-Xn-·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- A-dnhp-
hm-Wv.- G-Xm-\pw- JpÀ-B³- kq-Iv-X-§Ä- Im-Wp-I-:- ""AÃm-lp þ m-b-Xv- (DÂ- 3:-6,- -7;- 3:-22)- \-·-Xn-·-I-sf- hy-h-tO-Zn-¨v- a-\-Ên-em-
Ah\ÃmsX ssZhan-Ã.- Fs¶¶pw- Po-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶h³,- FÃmw- ¡m³- I-gn-hn-Ãm-¯- a-\-p-jy-t\m-Sv- F-§-s\-bm-Wv- hn-e-¡-s¸-«-
\n-b{ń-¡p-¶h³,- ab¡tam- Dd¡tam- Ahs\ _m-[n-¡p-IbnÃ. I\n- Xn-¶-cp-sX-¶v- IÂ-]n-¡p-I?- hn-[n-hn-e-¡p-IÄ- {]-k-Iv-X-am-
Ahtâ-Xm-Wv- BIm-i`q-an-IfnÂ- DÅsXÃmw''-- (hn.Jp.- 2:55).- Ip-¶Xv- \-·-Xn-·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨- A-dn-hp-m-hp-¶-tXm-sS-b-m-W-tÃm.-
""Ah³- Xs¶bm-Wv- BIm-i§fn-epw- `q-an-Ifn-epw- km-£mÂ- (\-·- Xn·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨- Pv-Rm-\-¯n-s³-d- A-`m-h-¯nÂ- ar-K-§-fp-
ssZhw.- \n-§fp-sS clky-hpw- \n-§fp-sS ]cky-hpw- Ah³- Adn sS- tem-I¯v- hn-[n-hn-e-¡p-IÄ- A-{]-k-Iv-X-am-Wv F-t¶mÀ-¡pI).-
bp-¶p.- \n-§Ä- t\Sn-sbSp-¡p-¶Xpw- Ah³- Adn-bp-¶p-''- (hn.- JpÀ-B-\n-se-hn-sS-bpw- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- "\-·-Xn-·-I-
Jp.- 6:3). sf-¡p-dn-¨- Adn-hn-s³-d- hr-£'-sa-¶v- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶n-Ã.- \·-
""Ahs³-d ]¡em-Ip-¶p- AZr-iy-Im-cy-¯n-s³-d JP\m-hp-IÄ.- Xn-·I - s- f-¡p-dn-¨- A-dn-hpw- \-·- kzo-Ic- n-¨v- D-¶X
- \
- m-Ip-hm-\pw- Xn·-
Ah\Ãm-sX Ah Adn-bp-Ibn-Ã.- Icbn-epw- ISen-ep-ap-ÅXv- Ah I-fn-eq-sS- A[-a-\m-Ip-hm-\p-ap-Å- km-[y-X-bpw- A-h-s³-d- kr-jvSn-
³- Adn-bp-¶p.- Ah³- Adn-bm-sX Hcp Ce t]m-epw- A\§p¶nÃ.- bnÂ-X-s¶- \neo-\-am-sW-¶m-Wv- JpÀ-B-\n-I- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-fn-Â-
`q-an-bp-sS Ccp-«p-IÄ-¡p-Ånen-cn-¡p-¶ Hcp- [m-\y-aWn-bmIs« ]¨ \n-¶v- a-\-Ên-em-Ip¶-Xv.- \-·- Xn-·-IÄ- hy-h-tO-Zn-¨v- a-\-Ên-e-m¡p-
tbm- DW§n-btXm- Bb GsXm-cp- hkv-Xp-hm-Is« hy-IvXam-b hm-\pw- X-Z-Sn-kv-Ym-\-¯nÂ- h-kv-Xp-¡Ä-¡v- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-¿-phm-
Hcp- tcJbnÂ- Fgp-Xs¸«Xm-bn-«Ãm-sX Dm-In-Ã''- (hn.-Jp.-6:59).- \p-ap-Å- I-gn-hv- \ÂI-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- A-§-s\- am-em-J-am-tc-¡mÄ- D-
""BIm-i§fp-sSbpw- `q-an-bp-sSbpw- {kjv-Sm-hm-Ip-¶p- (Ah³)-.- ¶-X-\m-hp-I-bpw- sNbvX- a-\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv- JpÀ-B³- h-c-¨p-ImWn-
\n-§Ä-¡p-thn- \n-§fp-sS hÀ-K¯nÂ-\n-¶p-Xs¶ Ah³- ¡p-¶-Xv.- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I\n-bpw- \-·-Xn-·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨- A-dn-hpw-
CWIsf Dm-¡n-¯¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.- I¶p-Im-en-IfnÂ- \n¶pw- X-½nÂ- bm-sXm-cp- hn-[-¯n-epw- JpÀ-B³- _-\v-[-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶n-Ã.-
CWIsf (Dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p)- AXn-eq-sS \n-§sf Ah³- kr- ""Rm-\n-Xm- `q-an-bnÂ- Hcp- Jeo-^sb \n-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm³ -t]mhpI
jv-Sn-¨v- hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-¶p.- Ah\v- Xp-ey-am-bn- bm-sXm¶p-an-Ã.- Ah³- bm-sW¶v- \n-s³-d \m-Y³- ae¡p-Itfm-Sv- ]dª kµÀ-`w.- AhÀ-
FÃmw- tIÄ-¡p-¶h\pw- Im-Wp-¶h\p-am-Ip-¶p''- (hn.Jp.- 42:11). ]dªp:- Ahn-sS Ip-g¸w- Dm-¡p-Ibpw- cIv-Xw- Nn-´p-Ibpw-
- ""(\_n-tb)- ]dbp-I; Im-cyw- AÃm-lp- GI\m-Wv- F¶Xm- sN¿p-¶hs\bm-tWm- \o- \ntbm-Kn-¡p¶Xv?- R§fm-Is« \ns³d
Ip-¶p.- AÃm-lp- GhÀ-¡pw- B{ibam-bn-«p-Åh\m-Ip-¶p.- Ah³- alXz-s¯ {]IoÀ-¯n-¡p-Ibpw- \n-s³-d ]cn-ip-²n-sb hm-gv-¯p-
(BÀ-¡pw-)- P·w- \Â-In-bn-«n-Ã.- (Bcp-sSbpw- k´Xn-bm-bn)- P\n- Ibpw- sN¿p-¶hctÃm.- Ah³- (AÃm-lp)- ]dªp-: \n-§Ä-¡dn-
¨n-«p-an-Ã.- Ah\v- Xp-ey-\m-bn- Bcp-an-ÃXm-\pw- (hn.-Jp.- 112:-1þ4)-- ªp-Iq-Sm-¯Xv- F\n-¡dn-bmw.- Ah³- (AÃm-lp)- BZan-s\ \ma
2.- JpÀ-B-\n-sebpw- ss_-_n-fn-se-bpw- N-cn-{X-I-Y-\-§Ä- X½n §sfÃmw- ]Tn-¸n-¨p.- ]n-¶o-Sv- B t]cn-«hsb Ah³- ae¡p-IÄ¡v-
ep-Å- A-ć-¯n-s³-d- BXv-am-hv- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv- A-h-bn-se- Im-Wn-¨p.- F¶n-«h³- BPv-Rm-]n-¨p:- \n-§Ä- kXy-hm-·m-cmsW
¦nÂ- Chbp-sS \m-a§Ä- F\n-¡v- ]dªp-Xcq.- AhÀ- ]dªp: ¸-am-sW-¶m-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv- (DÂ- 3:-1þ5,- 3:-13)-.- C-§s\-
\n-\¡v- kvt- Xm-{Xw!- \o- ]Tn-¸n-¨p X - ¶XÃm-¯ bm-sXm-cp- Adnhpw- sN-¿p-I- h-gn- ssZ-hi - m-]¯- n-\v- kÀ-¸w- - hn-t[-ba- m-bn- F-¶pw,- {]kv-
R§Ä-¡n-Ã.- \o- Xs¶bm-Wv- kÀ-ÆPvR - \pw- AKm-[PvR - m-\nbpw.- Xp-X- im-]-¯n-s³-d- ^-e-am-bm-Wv- kÀ-¸w- D-c-Êp-sIm-v- C-gªp-
A\ćw- Ah³- (AÃm-lp)- ]dªp:- BZta ChÀ-¡v- AhbpsS \-S-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw-, a-\p-jy-\pw- kÀ-¸-hpw- X-½n-ep-Å- hn-tcm[-¯n-
\m-a§Ä- ]dªp-sIm-Sp-¡q.- A§s\ Ah³- (BZw)- AhÀ-¡v- s³-d- A-Sn-kvY - m-\I
- m-cW
- a- n-Xm-sW-¶p-am-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]m-Tw- (DÂ-
B \ma§Ä- ]dªp-sIm-Sp-¯t¸mÄ- Ah³- (AÃm-lp)- ]d 3:-14þ15).- a-\p-jy-s³-d- i-{Xp-hm-b- km-¯m-\m-Wv- a-\p-jy-s\- h-gn-
ªp:- BIm-i`q-an-Ifn-se AZr-iy-Im-cy-§fpw- \n-§Ä- shfn-s¸Sp sX-än-¡p-I-bpw- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶p-hm³- t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw-
¯p-¶Xpw Hfn-¨p-sh¡p-¶Xp-saÃmw- F\n-¡v- Adn-bm-sa¶v- Rm³- sN-bv-X-sX-¶m-Wv- JpÀ-B³- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv (JpÀ-B³- 2:-35,- 36)-.- JpÀ
\n-§tfmSv- ]dªn-«n-tÃ''- (hn.-Jp.-2:-30þ33)-.- B\n-se- C-Æn-j-b-I-am-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-fn-sem-¶pw- kÀ-¸w- I-S-¶p-
ii)- hn-e¡
- s- ¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶c- p-sX-¶- ssZ-hn-I- IÂ-]\ - b- nÂ- {]kv- h-cp-t¶-bn-Ã.- ssZ-hn-Iim-]-¯n-s³-d- ^-e-am-bn-«m-Wv- kÀ-¸-w- Cg
Xp-X- I-\n- Xn-¶mÂ- \o- a-cn-¡p-sa-¶v- ssZ-hw- B-Zm-an-t\m-Sv- ]dbp¶- ªv- \-S-¡p-I-bpw- a-\p-jy-cmÂ- sh-dp-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-\m-hp-I-bpw-
Xm-bmWv- ss_-_nÄ- D-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xv- (DÂ- 2:-17).- ssZ-hn-I- IÂ]\- sNbv-X-sX-¦nÂ- {]-kv-Xp-X- im-]-¯n-\v- ap-¼p-Å- kÀ-¸-w- G-Xv- Xc-
ew-Ln-¡p-hm³- a-\p-jy-sc- t{]-cn-¸n-¨- kÀ-¸-am-I-s«- ""\n§Ä acn- ¯n-ep-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶- tNm-Zy-¯n-\v- JpÀ-B-\n-I- hn-i-Zo-I-c-
¡p-I-bn-Ã.- A-Xv- Xn-¶mÂ- \n-§-fp-sS- I-®p-IÄ- Xp-d¡psa¶pw- W-§-fp-sS- sh-fn-¨-¯nÂ- bm-sXm-cp- km-[p-X-bp-an-Ã.-
\-·-Xn-·-I-sf- Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv- \n-§Ä- ssZ-h-s¯-t]m-se- Bbn-¯o- (v) hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶-Xp-h-gn- ssZ-hw- i-]n-¨-Xn-\m-em-Wv-
cp-sa-¶pw- ssZ-h-¯n-\-dn-bmw''- F-¶v- ]-d-ªp-sIm-m-Wv- Ah-sc- kv-{Xo-¡v- KÀ-`-]o-V-bpw- {]-k-h- th-Z-\-bp-ap-m-b-Xv- F-¶m-Wv-
{]-tem-`n-¸n-¨-Xv- (DÂ- 3:-5).- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶-t¸mÄ- ssZhw- ss_-_nÄ- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-X-v (DÂ- 3:-16).- B-Zn-am-Xm-hn-s³-d- sX-än\p
ò-j-Wn-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xp-t]m-se- B-Zn-a-\p-jyÀ- a-cn-¨n-Ã,- {]-Xyp-X- Å- in-£-bm-Wv- C-¶pw- am-Xm-¡Ä- A-\p-`-hn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶Xv-
AhÀ-¡v- \-·-Xn-·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- P-v-Rm-\-ap-m-hp-I-bm-Wv- sN-bvX- F-¶À-°w.- KÀ-`-[m-c-W-s¯bpw- {]-k-h-s¯-bp-sa-Ãmw- in-£-bm-
Xv- (DÂ- 3:-6,-7,- 3:-22).- ssZ-hw- I-f-hv- ]-d-ªv- BZn- a-\p-jy-sc- ò-j- bn-¡m-Wp-¶-Xn-\v- ]-I-cw- ssZ-hn-Im-\p-{K-l-am-bm-Wv- JpÀ-B³- a\-
Wn-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-¶pw- bm-YmÀ-°yw- t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv- kÀ-¸amkn-em-¡n-¯-cp-¶-Xv- (JpÀ-B³- 29:-8,- 46:-15,- 31:-14).- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I\n-
sW-¶p-am-Wv- Cu- I-Y- i-cn-bm-sW-¦nÂ- h-¶p-tN-cp-I.- ssZ-hn-I- bp-am-bn- {]-k-h-th-Z-\-t¡m- KÀ-`-]o-V-t¡m- F-s´-¦n-epw- Xc¯n
a-lX - z-¯n-\v- C-Sn-hv- hcp¯p-¶- C-¯c- w- I-YI - s- fm-¶pw-Xs- ¶- JpÀ- Â- _-\v-[-ap-Å-Xm-bn- JpÀ-B³- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-t¶-bn-Ã.-
B-\n-en-Ã.- (vi) a
- \- p-jy-cp-sS- A-[zm-\h - pw- Ir-jn-bp-sa-Ãmw- hn-e¡ - s- ¸-«- I\n-
iii)- \-·-Xn-·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨- A-dn-hn-s³-d- I-\n-Xn-¶- a-\p-jy-s\- Xn-¶X - p a- q-ea- p-m-b- ssZ-hn-I- im-]¯ - n-s³-d- ^-ea- m-bpm-bhbm-
`-bs- ¸-Sp-Ib-pw- Po-hs- ³-d- I-\n-Iq-Sn- Xn-¶v- a-\p-jy-³- ssZ-hs- ¯t¸m- bm-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-cn-N-b-s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xv- (DÂ- 3:-18,- 19).- Jp-À-B\n-
se-bm-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-hm³- ap³-I-cp-X-se-Sp-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶- ssZh- em-I-s«- A-[zm-\n-¡p-hm-\pw- k-¼m-Zn-¡p-hm-\p-sa-Ãm-apÅ- a\p-jy-
s¯-bm-Wv- DÂ-]-¯n- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- \mw- Im-Wp-¶-Xv- (DÂ- 3: I-gn-hn-s\- ssZ-hn-Im-\p-{K-l-am-bm-Wv- (62:-10)- hn-ti-jn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-
22þ24).- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶p-I- h-gn- F-s´-¦n-epw- X-c-¯n-epÅ- ¶-Xv.- a-\p-jym-[zm-\-hpw- hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-Sp-
ssZ-hn-Imw-iw- a-\pjy-\p-m-b-Xm-bn- JpÀ-B³- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã.- ¯p-¶- bm-sXm-cp- JpÀ-B\n-I- ]-cm-aÀ-i-hp-an-Ã.-
ssZ-h-¯n-s³-d- Hu-¶-Xy-s¯-bpw- kÀ-Æ-Pv-R-X-sb-bpw- tNm-Zyw- (vii) h
- n-e¡- s- ¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶- B-Zm-apw- l-Æbpw- ]-iN v- m-¯]n¡p-
sN¿p¶- C-¯-cw- I-Y-I-sfm-¶pw- JpÀ-B-\n-en-Ã.- I-tbm- ssZ-hw- A-hÀ-¡v- s]m-dp-¯v- sIm-Sp-¡p-It- bm- sN-bvX - Xmbp-
(iv) -hn-e-¡-s¸-«- I-\n- Xn-¶p-hm³- a-\p-jy-s\- t{]-cn-¸n-¨-Xv- kÀ- Å- bm-sXm-cp- ]-cm-aÀ-ih - pw- ss_-_n-fn-en-Ã.- JpÀ-B\ - m-Is«,- X§-
fp-sS- sX-änÂ- ]-iv-Nm-¯-m-]-hn-h-i-cm-b- B-Znam-Xm-]n-Xm-¡fpsS- s\- A-bm-fp-sS- `m-cy-sb- kz-´-am-¡p-I-bpsa-Ãmw- sNbv-X- hy-IvXn-
£-am-bm-N-\-bpw- Im-cp-Wy-aqÀ-¯n-bm-b- ssZ-hw- X-¼p-cm-s³-d- s]m bm-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- {]-Im-cw- Zm-ho-Zv- (2 im-ap- 11:-1þ27).- Zmho-Zn-s³-d-
dp-¯p-sIm-Sp-¡e - pw- {]m-[m-\y-t¯m-Sv- Iq-Sn-¯s- ¶- ]-cm-aÀin¡p¶p- ]p-{X-\pw- tem-I-¯n-se- G-ä-hpw- h-en-b- Pv-Rm-\n-bp-ambn- ss__n
v.- ""AhÀ- cp-t]cpw- ]dªp.- R§fp-sS c£n-Xmth! R§Ä- Ä- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶- tkm-f-a³- (1 cm-Pm- 10:-23)- hn-hml-_-\v[w-
R§tfm-Sp- Xs¶ A{Iaw- sNbvX - n-cn-¡p-¶p.- \o- R§Ä¡v- s]mdp hn-e-¡-s¸-«-h-cp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- A-h-sc- A-Km-[-am-b-n-
-¯v- Xcn--Ibpw- Icp-W Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-sÃ¦nÂ- XoÀ¨bm- kvt\-ln-¡p-I-bpw- (1 cm-Pm- 11:-2)- A-h-cp-sS- k-½À-±-¯n-\v- hg-§n-
bpw- R§Ä- \jv-Sw- ]än-bhcp-sS Iq-«¯n-embn-cn-¡pw''- (hn.-Jp.7:- A-\y-tZ-h-X-am-sc- B-cm-[n-¡p-I-bp (1 cm-Pm- 11:-3þ7)-sa-Ãmw- sNbvX-
23).- ""A\ćw- BZw- Xs³-d c£n-Xm-hn-¦Â-\n-¶v- Nn-e hN\§ hy-IvX- n-bm-Wv.- C-{km-tb-en-s³-d- c-£I - \
- m-bn- h-¶- tbip-{In-kvXp-
Ä- kzo-Icn-¨p.- (B hN\§Ä- ap-tJ\ ]iv-Nm-¯]n-¨)- BZan\v- hn-s\-bpw- am-Xr-_-lp-am-\-an-Ãm-¯-h-\mbpw- (tbm-l- 2:-5,-19:-26)- k-
AÃm-lp- ]m-]tam-N\w- \Â-In.- Ah³- ]iv-Nm-¯m-]w- Gsd ln-jv-Wp-X-bn-Ãm-¯-h-\mbpw- (a-¯m- 12:-34,- 12:-39,- tbm-l- 8:44)- £n-
kzoIcn-¡p-¶h\pw- Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-as{X''- (hn.-Jp.-- 2:-37,-38)- {]-tIm-]n-bmbpw- (tbm-l- 2:-13þ17,- a-¯m- 21:-19)- P-\-§Ä-¡v- a-Zy-ap-
3- )- X-§f- p-sS- XmÂ-]c- y-¯n-\\ - p-kc- n-¨v- {]-hm-NI
- ·
- m-cp-sS- IY\- m-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¯v- A-hs- c- e-lc- n- ]n-Sn-¸n-¨h - \- m-bpw- (tbm-l- 2:1þ11)-
§Ä- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fp-sS- c-Nbn- sa-Ãm-am-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- C-XnÂ-\n-¶v- Xn-
Xm-¡Ä- sN-bX v- X- v.- A-Xp-sIm-p-Xs- ¶- k-aq-l¯ - nÂ- \n-e\ - n-¶ncp- I-¨pw- hy-Xn-cn-IvX - a- m-Wv- JpÀ-B\
- n-se- kw-`h
- h- n-hc- W
- §
- Ä.- {]hm-
¶- k-I-e- hr-¯n-tI-Sp-I-fpw- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cnÂ- B-tcm-]n-¡p-hm³- N-I-·m-sc-Ãmw- k-Zv-hr-¯-cpw- am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-cpw- hnip-²-cp-am-bn-
ss_-_nÄ- IÀ-¯m-¡Ä-¡v- bm-sXm-cp- ssh-a-\-ky-hp-ap-m-bn-cp- cp-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv- JpÀ-B³- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.- ""\mw- thZhpw- hn-PvRm-
¶n-Ã.- k-aq-l-¯n-s³-d- Xn-·-I-sf- \ym-bo-I-cn-¡m-\m-bn- {]-kv-XpX- \hpw- {]hm-NIXz-hpw- \Â-In-bn-«p-Åhcs{X AhÀ.- C\n- C¡q«À-
Xn-·-I-sf-Ãmw- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cnÂ- B-tcm-]n-¡p-hm-\p-Å- {]-h-W-X- Ahsbm-s¡ \n-tj[n-¡p-Ibm-sW¦nÂ- AhbnÂ- Ahn-iz-kn¡p-
bm-Wv- ss_-_-n-fnÂ- \mw- Im-Wp-¶-Xv.- [À-a-\n-jv-T-\pw- Ip-ä-aä- a\p- ¶hcÃm-¯ Hcp- P\hn-`m-Ks¯ \mw- AXv- `ctaÂ-]n-¨n-«p-v.-
jy-\p-am-bn- ss_-_nÄ- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶- t\m-ln-s\- (DÂ- 6:9,- Ahscbm-Wv- AÃm-lp- t\À-hgn-bn-em-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv.- AXn-\mÂ-
10)- X-s¶-bm-Wv- B-Zy-am-bn- ho-ªp-m-¡n-b-h-\m-bpw- Ip-Sn-¨v- Xp Ahcp-sS t\À-amÀ-Ks¯ \o- ]n-´p-SÀ-¶v- sIm-Åp-I.- (\_n-tb,)-
Wn-bp-cn-ªp-t]m-bn-«v- a-¡Ä- Xp-Wn-bp-Sp-¯p-sIm-Sp-t¡- A-hkv- ]dbp-I.- CXn-s³-d t]cnÂ- bm-sXm-cp- {]Xn-êhpw- Rm³ \n§
Y-tbm-f-sa-¯p-¶- X-c-¯nÂ- e-l-cn- _m-[n-¨-h-\m-bp-sa-Ãmw- DÂ]- tfm-Sv- Bhiy-s¸Sp-¶n-Ã.- CXv- tem-IÀ-¡p-thn-bp-Å Hcp- DXv
¯n- ]p-kv-X-Iw- (9:-20þ23)- h-c-¨p -Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv.- hnip²-\pw- \oXn- t_m-[\aÃm-sX asäm-¶p-aÃ''- (hn.Jp.- 6:89,- 90)-.-
am-\p-sa-¶v- s_-_nÄ- ]-d-bp-¶- (2 ]-t{Xm-kv- 2:-78)- tem¯v- a-Zy]n¨v- ""Ahsc \mw- \½p-sS IÂ-]\{]Im-cw- amÀ-KZÀ-i\w- \ÂIp¶
a-¯-\m-bn- X-s³-d- s]¬-a-¡-fp-am-bn- i-bn-¡p-I-bpw- A-hÀ-¡v- kz- t\Xm-¡fm-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- \ÃIm-cy-§Ä- sN¿Wsa¶pw-
´w- ]n-Xm-hnÂ- a-¡-fp-m-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- I-Y- DÂ-]-¯n- ]p-kv- \akvI - m- c- w- ap-dt]m-se \nÀ-hln-¡Wsa¶pw- k¡m-¯v \Â-IW
X-Iw- (19:-31þ36)- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶p-v.- N-Xn-b-\pw- h-©-I-\p-am-bn-cp-¶p- sa¶pw- \mw- AhÀ-¡v- t_m-[\w- \Â-Ip-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- \s½
C-{km-tb-en-s³-d- ]n-Xm-hm-b- bm-t¡m-s_-¶m-Wv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-d- Bbn-cp-¶p- AhÀ- Bcm-[n-¨n-cp-¶Xv''- (hn.-Jp.-- 21:-73)-.- ZpÀ-amÀ-Ksam-
bp-¶-Xv- (27:-1þ46).- X-s³-d- ]-S-bm-fn-bp-sS- `m-cy-bpam-bn- _-\v-[-s¸- ¶p-an-Ãm-¯- t\m-l-sb-bpw- (7:-61)- kÂ-amÀ-K-\n-jv-T-\m-b- eq-¯n-
Sp-I-bpw- A-hÄ- KÀ-`n-Wn-bm-b-t¸mÄ- A-Xn-s³-d- D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯w- s\-bpw- (70:-80þ84)- k-Zv-hr-¯-\m-b- bm-t¡m-_n-s\-bpw- (21:-72)- hn\-
A-h-fp-sS- `À-¯m-hnÂ- sI-«n-sh-¡m³- {i-an-¡p-I-bpw- {]-kv-Xp-X- bm-\zn-X-cpw- ssZ-hn-I- amÀ-K-¯nÂ- D-d-¨v- \n-¶-h-cp-am-b- Zm-hq-Zns\-
{i-aw- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«-t¸mÄ- ]-S-bm-fn-sb- N-Xn-¨p-sIm-Ãp-I-bp-w- A§- bpw- kp-sse-am-s\-bpw- (27:-15,- 38:-30)- ]-cn-ip-²- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- alm
\pw- (3:-45)- am-Xr-_-lp-am-\-ap-Å-h-\p (19:-32)-am-b- tb-ip-hn-s\-bp- JpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ C{_mlow (u). DÂ]¯n ]pkv
am-Wv- JpÀ-B³- ]-cn-N-b-s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.- XIamIs« Cu kw`hs¯bpw lmKmÀ F¶ ASnakv{Xosbbpw
4.- ss_-_n-fn-se- N-cn-{X- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-¯n-ep-S-\ofw- C-{km-tb- ]p{Xs\bpw ]oUn¸n¡m\pÅ kmdmbpsS {ia¯n\v A{_lmw
eo- hw-io-b-X- \n-g-en-¡p-¶Xm-bn- Im-Wm³-- I-gn-bpw.- A-{_-lm-an- Iq«p\n¶Xn\v DZmlcWambn«mWv D²cn¡p¶Xv. Ccp]s¯m¶mw
s³-d- N-cn-{Xw ap-XÂ-¡m-cw-`n-¡p-¶p-- Cu- hwio-b-X-bp-sS- I-S¶p- A[ymbw t\m¡pI: "inip hfÀ¶p. CklmJns³d apeIpSn
I-b-ä-sa-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- A{_lmans³d ]p{X·mcmb amänb Znhkw A{_lmw hensbmcp hncp¶p \ÂIn. CuPn]väp
bnivamtbens\bpw CklmJns\bpw Ipdn¨p hnhcn¡p¶ Imcnbmb lmKmdnÂ A{_lman\v P\n¨ ]p{X³ Xs³d ]p{X
DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI`mK§fnÂ blqZ hwiobXbpsSbpw ASna \mb CklmJnt\msSm¶n¨p Ifn¡p¶Xv kmdm Ip. kmdm
ItfmSpÅ AhcpsS {Iqcamb s]cpamä¯ns³dbpw {]Xn_nw_ A{_lmant\mSp]dªp: "Cu ASnas¸®ns\bpw ]p{Xs\bpw
amWv ImWm³ Ignbp¶Xv. A{_lman\v Xs³d BZy`mcybmb ASn¨p ]pd¯m¡pI. Cu ASnas¸®ns³d ]p{X³ Fs³d ]p{X
kmdmbnÂ k´m\ ku`mKyanÃmbncp¶Xn\mÂ kmdm Xs¶ \mb CklmJns¶m¸w AhIminbmbn¯oÀ¶pIqSm'. bnivam
Xs³d ASnabmbncp¶ lmKmdns\ At±l¯n\v- `mcybmbn tbepw Xs³d ]p{X\mIbmÂ C¡mcyw A{_lman\v Gsd A\n
\ÂIpIbmWpmbXv. "`mcybmb kmdmbv Xs³d CuPn]vXp jvSambn. F¶mÂ ssZhw A{_lmant\mSv AcpÄ sNbvXp. "ASna
Imcnbmb Zmkn lmKmdns\ `À¯mhmb A{_man¶v Hcp `mcy s¸®nt\bpw Ip«ntbbpw {]Xn \o A\njvSw hnNmcnt¡.
bmbn sImSp¯p. A{_mw lmKmdns\ {]m]n¨p. AhÄ KÀ`nWn kmdm ]dbp¶Xp t]mse {]hÀ¯n¡pI. CklmJneqsSbmbn
bmbn' (DÂ]¯n16:3). A{_lmanÂ \n¶v KÀ`nWnbmb lmKmÀ cn¡pw \ns³d k´Xn]c¼c Adnbs¸SpI. ASnas¸®ns³d
kmdmtbmSv A]acymZbmbn s]cpamdnbt¸mÄ lmKmdns\ {Iqc ]p{Xs\bpw Rm³ Hcp P\Xbm¡pw. Abmfpw \ns³d k´Xn
ambn aÀZn¡phm\pw KÀ`nWnbmb Ahsf ho«nÂ \n¶pw HmSn bmWtÃm'. A{_lmw AXncmhnse Fgpt¶äv A¸hpw Hcp
¡phm\pw kmdmsb A{_lmw A\phZn¨psh¶mWv DÂ]¯n Xpcp¯n shÅhpw lmKmdns\ GÂ]n¨p. Ip«nsb tXmfnÂ
]pkvXI¯nÂ \mw hmbn¡p¶Xv. "A{_l-mw kmdmtbmSv ]d sh¨v Ahsf ]dªb¨p. AhÀ AhnSw hn«p, t_Àti_ acp
ªp:" t\m¡q, \ns³d Zmkn \ns³d IognÂ Xs¶bmWv. \n\¡v `qanbnÂ Aeªp \S¶p' (DÂ]¯n 21:8þ14).
CjvSapÅ hn[w \o AhtfmSv s]cpamdns¡mÅpI! XpSÀ¶p bYmÀ°¯nÂ bnivamtbens\ acp`qanbnÂ Dt]£n¨
kmdmbv lmKmdnt\mSv {Iqcambn s]cpamdn. lmKmÀ AhnsS kw`hw \S¡p¶Xv CkvlmJns³d P\\¯n\p ap¼mWv. Ckv
\n¶v HmSnt¸mbn' (DÂ]¯n 16:6). X¶nÂ \n¶v KÀ`nWnbmb lmJn\pÅ Hu¶Xy¯ns³dbpw ASnakv{XotbmSpw aIt\mSpw
kv{Xosb AhÀ ASnabmbn F¶ ImcW¯mÂ ASnt¨mSn¡p sN¿mhp¶ {IqcXIfpsSbpw sXfnhmbp²cn¡p¶ Xn¶p
hm³ Iq«p\nÂ¡p¶ A{_lmans³d Nn{Xw \nÀan¡pI hgn thnbmWv {]kvXpX kw`hs¯ CkvlmJns³d P\\¯n\v
ASnakv{XoItfmSv GXp Xcw {IqcXbpw {]hÀ¯n¡phm\pÅ tijt¯¡v hen¨ng¨Xv. bnivatbÂ hfsc sNdnb Hcp
\nbaw \nÀan¡phm\mWv blqZÀ- [r-jv-S-cm-b-Xv.- X§fpsS {Iqc Ipªmbncp¶ Ime¯mWv Cu kw`hw \S¶sX¶v apIfn
amb PohnXcoXn¡\pkrXambn alm·mcpsS PohnXs¯ blq- ep²cn¨ DÂ]¯n hN\¯nÂ \n¶p hyIvXamWv. "Ip«nsb
Z-·mÀ- amänsbgpXnbt¸mgpmb sshcp²y§Ä Ncn{Xsagp¯n tXmfnÂ sh¨v Ahsf ]dªb¨p' (21:14) sh¶v ]dªXnÂ
epS\ofw ImW³ Ignbpw. hmÀ²IyIme¯pmb Xs³d ]p{X \n¶v tXmf¯v sh¡m³ am{Xta bnivambnen\v A¶v {]mbap
³ bnivamtbens\bpw `mcy lmKmdns\bpw acp`qanbnÂ X\n¨m mbncp¶pÅqsh¶v a\ÊnemIp¶p."Xpcp¯nbnse shÅw
¡phm\pÅ ssZhnI IÂ]\ \ndthänb alm\mWv hnip² XoÀ¶t¸mÄ AhÄ Ip«nsb Hcp Ipän¡m«nÂ Dt]£n¨p. Ah
Ä AhnsS \n¶v IpdÏse, AXmbXv GItZiw Hcp hnÂ]mSp \n¶v a\Ênemhp¶Xv. kz´w ]p{Xs\ Adp¡phm³ thn
Zqsc amdn ]pdw Xncnªncp¶v.- "F\n¡v Ipªns³d acWw ssIImepIÄ sI«n _en]oT¯n\v apIfnÂ InS¯ns¡mv
ImtW' F¶p ]dªp. AhÄ Zqsc amdn ]n³Xncnªncp¶ I¯n FSp¯ kab¯v BImi¯p \n¶v IÀ¯mhns³d amem
t¸mÄ Ip«n Dds¡ Icªp' (DÂ]¯n 21:15,16). Cu hN\§ J ]dªXmbn DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw D²cn¡p¶Xv t\m¡pI:
sfÃmw hfsc sNdnb Hcp iniphmbncn¡pt¼mgmWv bnivamtb "Ip«nbpsS taÂ ssIsh¡cpXv. Ahs\ H¶pw sN¿cpXv. \n
Â Xs³d amXmhnt\msSm¸w acp`qanbnÂ Dt]£n¡s¸«sX¶v s³d ]p{Xs\, \ns³d GIPmXs\ Xs¶ Xcphm³ \o ssha\
hyIvXam¡p¶p. "lmKmÀ bnivambnens\ {]khn¨t¸mÄ A{_ kyw ImWn¡mbvIbmÂ, \o ssZhs¯ `bs¸Sp¶p F¶v Rm³
lman\v F¬]¯mdv hbÊmbncp¶p' (DÂ]¯n 16:16). "]p{X Ct¸mÄ Adnbp¶p (DÂ]¯n 22:12). "\ns³d GIPmXs\'
\mb CkvlmJv ]nd¶t¸mÄ A{_lman¶v \qdv hbÊmbncp (Your only son) F¶mWv amemJ ]dbp¶Xv F¶ Imcyw {i²n
¶p' (DÂ]¯n 21:5). CXnÂ \n¶v CkvlmJv P\n¡pt¼mÄ ¡pI. _enbdp¡phm\mbn IÂ]n¡s¸« Ime¯v A{_lm
bnivamtben\v ]Xn\mep hbÊv {]mbambncp¶psh¶v a\Ên an\v Hscmä]p{X³ am{Xtabpmbncp¶pÅpsh¶mWtÃm
em¡mw. CkvlmJns³d apeIpSn amdnb ZnhkamWv DÂ]¯n CXnÂ \n¶v a\Ênemt¡Xv. BZy]p{X\mb bnivamtbens\
]pkvXIw ]dbp¶Xpt]mse bnivambnens\bpw amXmhns\bpw bÃmsX ZznXob\mb CkvlmJns\ _enbdp¡m\mWv IÂ]\
acp`qanbnÂ Dt]£n¨sX¦nÂ A¶v bnivamboÂ ]Xn\mdp hb bpmbsX¦nÂ "\ns³d GIPmXs\' F¶p amemJ ]dbpam
Êp {]mbapÅbmfmbncn¡Ww. Hcp ]Xn\mdp hbÊpImcs\ bncp¶pthm?
amXmhv tXmfnÂ sh¡ptam? acp`qanbnÂ Dt]£n¡s¸« bnivam bYmÀ°¯nÂ _enbdp¡phm\pÅ ssZhIÂ]\bnÂ
tbens³d Nn{Xw DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw Ccp]¯nsbm¶mw A \n¶p Xs¶ C¡mcyw hyIvXambpw a\ÊnemIp¶pv. " ssZhw
[ymb{]Imcw Hcp ]Xn\mdpImct³dXsÃ¶pd¸mWv. Cu ssh IÂ]n¨p: "\ns³d ]p{Xs\, \o AXy[nIw kvt\ln¡p¶ GI
cp²y¯n\pÅ ImcWw blqZ dºnamcpsS ssI{InbIfmWv. PmX\mb CkvlmJns\, Iq«ns¡mv tamdnbm tZit¯¡p
kz´w CÑbv-¡\pkcn¨v {]hmNI·mcpsS Ncn{Xw amänsbgpXn t]mIpI. AhnsS Rm³ IÂ]n¡p¶ aebnÂ Ahs\ F\n¡p
bt¸mÄ kzm`mhnIambpmb sshcp²y§sf¡pdn¨v dºnamÀ tlman¡pI' (DÂ]¯n 22:2). ChnsS, "GIPmX\mb CkvlmJn'
AÚcmbncp¶psh¶p thWw a\Ênem¡phm³. s\ F¶mWv ssZhIÂ]\bnepÅXv. CklmJv F§s\bmWv
kz]p{Xs\ _enbdp¡phm\pÅ ssZhIÂ]\ \ndthäphm GIPmX\mIp¶Xv? At±lw A{_lmans³d ZznXob ]p{X\m
³ k¶²\mb A{_lmans\¡pdn¨v hnhcn¡p¶nS¯pw Cu WtÃm. ChnsS, Cu IÂ]\bnÂ "CkvlmJns\'sb¶v blqZ
sshcp²yw {]ISamhp¶pv. Ah C{kmtbeycnÂ am{Xta ssZ dºnamÀ Iq«nt¨À¯XmsW¶mWv a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv.
hm\p{Klapmbn«pÅpsh¶v kvYm]n¡p¶Xn\v thn _enI ASnakv{XobnÂ P\n¨ a¡Ä kz´w ]p{X·mcmbn Adnbs¸Sp
À½s¯ amänsbgpXnbXp sImpmbXmWv. hmÀ²Iy¯nÂ ¶Xv A]am\ambn IcpXs¸«ncp¶ blqZ]mc¼cy¯n\v A\p
C{_mloan\v BZyapmb ]p{Xs\ _enbdp¡phm³ IÂ]n¨p krXamb coXnbnÂ A{_mlmans³d Ncn{Xw hfs¨mSn¡s¸«
sImv At±ls¯ AÃmlp ]co£n¨psh¶pw XymK§fpsS t¸mgmWv "CkvlmJv' GIPmX\mbn amdnbXv. ASna kv{Xobnep
Xo¨qfbneqsS Pohn¨p hfÀ¶ alm\mb C{_mlow {]kvXpX mb ]p{Xs\ A{_lmw aI\mbn¯s¶ ]cnKWn¨ncp¶nÃ
]co£W¯nÂ hnPbn¨psh¶pamWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. F¶mWtÃm CXnÂ \n¶v a\Ênemt¡Xv.
_enbdp¡phm³ ssZhw IÂ]n¨Xv A{_lmans³d BZys¯ F¶mÂ DÂ]¯n ]pkvXIw Xs¶ \ÂIp¶ A{_lman
]p{Xs\¯s¶bmbncp¶psh¶mWv DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯nÂ s³d Ncn{Xhpambn CXv hyIvXamb sshcp²yw {]ISn¸n¡p¶p.
A{_lmw bnivambnens\ ]p{X\mbn¯s¶bmWv ]cnKWn¨n \mb CkvlmJns³d aI\mb bmt¡m_ns³d ]p{X·mcmWv

cp¶Xv F¶mWv DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯nÂ \n¶v a\ÊnemIp¶ C{kmtbeyÀ. ssZhnIamb kIe A\p{Kl§fpw hÀjn¡s¸
Xv. P\\w apXÂ (16:15,16) ]cntOZ\bnepw aäp IÀ½§fnepw «ncn¡p¶Xpw hÀjn¡s¸Sm³t]mhp¶Xpw C{kmboeyÀ¡nS
(17:23) {]mÀ°\bnepw (17:20) A§s\ kIehn[ Imcy§fnepw bnÂ am{XamsW¶mbncp¶p blqZ dºnamÀ {]Ncn¸n¨ncp¶Xv.
bnivambnens\ kz]p{X\mbn¯s¶bmWv A{_lmw ]cnKWn kz]p{Xs\ _enbdp¡phm\pÅ IÂ]\b\pkcn¨psImv
¨ncp¶Xv F¶p Xs¶bmWv DÂ]¯n]pkvXI¯nepÅXv. ssZhm\p{Kl¯n\v ]m{Xamb A{_lman\v ssZhw \ÂIp¶
am{XhpaÃ, CjvS`mcybnÂ P\n¨ cmas¯ ]p{X\v A\njvS hcZm\§sf¡pdn¨v DÂ]¯n ]pkvXI¯nepv. AXn§s\
`mcybnÂ P\n¨ BZy]p{X\v \ÂtI AhImiw \ÂIp¶Xv bmWv "\o CXp sNbvXncn¡bmÂ, \ns³d ]p{Xs\, \ns³d GI
]gb\nba{]Imcw ]m]amWv. BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXI¯nse ssZ PmXs\ Xcm³ \o aSn¡mbvIbmÂ F¶msW, Rm³ C§s\
hIÂ]\ t\m¡pI: "HcmÄ¡v cp `mcyamÀ Dv F¶pw Ah {]XnPvR sN¿p¶pþ CXp IÀ¯mhmWv AcpÄ sN¿p¶Xv:
cnÂ Hcphsf AbmÄ kvt\ln¡pIbpw aähsf shdp¡pIbpw Rm³ \ns¶ kar²ambn A\p{Kln¡pw. \ns³d k´Xnsb
sN¿p¶psh¶pw IcpXpI. kvt\ln¡pIbpw shdp¡pIbpw Rm³ BImi¯nse \£{X§sft¸msebpw ISÂ¡cbnse
sN¿p¶ `mcyamcnÂ AbmÄ¡v k´m\§Ä P\n¡pIbpw aWÂ¯cnIsft¸msebpw AXy[nIw hÀ²n¸n-¡pw. \ns³d
BZyPmX³ AbmÄ shdp¡p¶ `mcybnÂ \n¶p P\n¡bpw k´XnIÄ i{Xp¡fpsS ]«WhmXnepIÄ ssIhis¸Sp¯pw.
sNbvXmÂ, Xs³d kz¯p¡Ä k´m\§Ä¡v AhImiambn \o Fs³d hm¡v A\pkcn¨Xn\mÂ \ns³d k´XnIfneqsS
`mKn¨p sImSp¡pt¼mÄ, shdp¡p¶hfnÂ \n¶v P\n¨h\pw `qanbnse FÃm P\XIfpw A\p{Kln¡s¸Spw'(DÂ]¯n 22:
BZyPmX\pambh\p ]Icw kvt\ln¡p¶hfnepmb ]p{X 16þ19). bnivamtbemWv _enbdp¡s¸Sm\mbn IÂ]n¡s¸«sX
s\ BZyPmX\mbn AbmÄ ]cnKWn¡cpXv. AbmÄ X\n¡p ¦nÂ Cu A\p{Kl§Ä apgph\papmhpI bnivamtbÂ k´
Å FÃm kz¯nÂ \n¶pw Cc«n Hmlcn \ÂIn shdp¡p¶ XnIfnemsW¶p hcpw. blqZ·mcmIs« bnivamboens³d A\p
`mcybpsS ]p{Xs\ BZyPmX\mbn AwKoIcn¡Ww. AbmfpsS PktlmZc\mb CkvlmJns³d k´Xn ]c¼cIfnemWv
hocy¯n³d BZyêw B ]p{X\mWtÃm. BZyPmX\pÅ DÄs¸Sp¶Xv. X§fneÃmsX ssZhm\p{KlapmhpIsb¶Xv
AhImiw B ]p{X\pXs¶' (BhÀ¯\w 21:15þ17). lmKmÀ C{kmCueyÀ¡v Hcp ImcWhimepw AwKoIcn¡m³ ]äm¯
ASnakv{Xobmbncp¶Xn\mÂ A{_mlman\mÂ shdp¡s¸«h Imcyambncp¶p. AXpsImp IqSnbmWv blqZ dºnamÀ Ckv
fmbncp¶psh¶ blqZ dºnamcpsS hmZw AwKoIcn¨mÂ lmJns\ A{_lmans³d GIPmX\m¡n amänbXv.
Xs¶, apIfnÂ hnhcn¨ ssZhIÂ]\{]Imcw BZyPmX\pÅ X§fpsS hwiob Zpc`nam\¯ns³d kwc£W¯n\p
AhImi¯n\v AÀl³ bnivamtbÂ Xs¶bmsW¶v hyIvXam thn F´pw sN¿m³ aSnbnÃm¯hcpw ASnakv{Xobnepmb
Wv. CkvlmJns\ A{_lmans³d GIPmX\mbn ]cnNbs¸Sp kz]p{X\v ]p{X]Zhn \ÂIphm³ hnk½Xn¨ncp¶hcpambncp
¯pI hgn DÂ]¯n 22:2 {]Imcw ssZhwXs¶ bnivamtbÂ ¶p C{kmCueyÀ F¶mWv A{_lmans³d Ncn{X¯nÂ blq
A{_lmans³d ]p{X\sÃ¶v AwKoIcn¨psh¶v ]dtbn ZdºnamÀ \S¯nb ssI{InbIÄ ImWn¡p¶Xv. hwiob Zpc`n
hcpw. am\¯ns³d Imcy¯nÂ X§fpsS ]qÀÆnI·mcpsS kz`mhw
Cu sshcp²y¯n\pÅ ImcWw X§fpsS hwiob Zpc`nam\ ]qÀ®ambn¯s¶ DÄs¡mÅp¶ A`n\h C{kmCueycpsS
¯n\v amäpIq«phm³ thn {]hmNINcn{X¯nÂ blqZ dºn kvYnXnbpw CXnÂ \n¶v henb hyXymkapÅXÃtÃm.
amÀ \S¯nb ssI{InbIfmWv. A{_lmans³d ZznXob ]p{X C-{km-tb-en-s³-d- tKm-{X-]n-Xm-hm-b- bm-t¡m-_v- ssZ-h-t¯mSpw-
a-\p-jy-tcm-Spw- a-Ã-Sn-¨v- P-bn-¨- I-Y-bn-epw- (DÂ- 32:-28)- b-lq-Z hwio- ]ecpsSbpw [mcW. AXv icnbÃ. IhnX, \mSIw, sFXnlyw,
b-Xb - Ã
- m-sX- a-säm-¶pw- k-Xym-t\z-jn-IÄ-¡-v Im-Wm-\m-hn-Ã.- kz´w- IY F¶nhsbms¡ ssZh\nthinXamImw. tbm\mbpsS ]pkv
Pm-Xn-bnÂ-s]-«h - s- c- a-¡t- fm-Spw- hn-Pm-Xo-bs- c- ]-«n-It- fm-Sp-w D]an¨ XIw Ncn{XaÃ; Hcp D]amIY (parable) bmsW¶p kqNn¸n¨ph
Xmbn tbipsh¸än ]dªXnepw- (a-¯m- 15:-26)- \-ap-¡v- Im-Wm- tÃm...... tbm\msb¶p t]cpÅ Hcp bYmÀ° hyIvXnsb hen
\m-hp-¶-Xv- b-lq-Z- hw-io-b-X- X-s¶.- JpÀ-B-\n-se- N-cn-{X-]-cmaÀ- sbmcp aXvkyw hngp§nsb¶v hnizkn¡m³ \mw _m[ykvYcm
i-§f- n-sem-¶pw-Xs- ¶- C-¯c- ¯ - n-ep-Å- hw-io-bX - b- p-sS- F-s´¦n- sW¶v ssZh\nthi\w AÀ°am¡p¶nÃ. tbm\mbpsS ]pkv
epw- emRvO-\-bp-Å- bm-sXm-cp- ]-cm-aÀ-i-hpw- ImWm³- I-gn-bnÃ.- XIw Hcp Ncn{X{KÙamsW¦nÂ am{Xsa AXnÂ {]Xn]mZn¨n«p
5)- N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn-- Ir-Xy-a-Ãm-¯- \n-c-h-[n- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä- ss_- Å kw`hw Ncn{XhkvXpXbmtWmsb¶ tNmZyw DZn¡pIbp
_n-fn-ep-v.- Jp-À-B³- C-XnÂ-\n-¶v- Xn-I-¨pw- hy-Xn-cn-Iv-X-am-Wv.- Åq.' (Raymond-E-Brown: Responses to 101 Questions on the
JpÀ-B-\nÂ- hn-h-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- N-cn-{X-kw-`-§-fn-te-Xn-se-¦n-epw- Bible Page 31)
Ncn-{X-]c- a- m-bn- Ir-Xy-aÃ - m-¯- ]-cm-aÀ-i§ - f- pÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶p-s¶v- ]IÀ¯n-sb-gp¯v kn²m´w Hcp sI«p-IY
hkv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-hm³- BÀ-¡pw- I-gn-bn-Ã.- G-I-\m-b- {k-jv-Sm-hv- \n-tbm-Kn-¨-b-¨- {]-hm-N-I-·m-sc-¡p-dn-¨v-
ss__nfnÂ hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ ]e kw`h§fpw Ncn{X ss_-_n-fn-epw- JpÀ-B\ - n-epw- h-¶- k-am-\a- m-b- N-cn-{X-]c- m-aÀ-i§-
]cambn IrXyasÃ¶ hkvXpX ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ Xs¶ fp-sS- sh-fn-¨-¯nÂ- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- ]-IÀ-¯n-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv-
AwKoIcn¡p¶pv. "Ncn{X]cambn IrXyaÃm¯ Nne {]kvXm JpÀ-B³- F-¶- hm-Zw- an-j\ - d- n-am-cpw- Hm-dn-b³-de - n-kvä- p-If- pw- ùXn-
h\Ifpw ss__nfnÂ Is¶phcmw (Zm\n 5)'. F¶mWv- I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sa-Ãm-am-b- hn-aÀ-i-IÀ- H-tc- kz-c-¯nÂ- D-¶-bn-¡m-dp-
It¯men-¡cp-sS ""ss__nÄ- hn-Pv-Rm-\tIm-iw'-'- ]dbp-¶Xv- v.- Cu- hm-Z-¯nÂ- F-{X-t¯m-fw- I-g-¼p-v?- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-¶- h-
(]pdw:12)- kvXp-X-I-fp-sS- sh-fn-¨-¯nÂ- Nn-ń-¡p-t¼mÄ- Cu- hm-Zw- ip-²-
tUm.ssa¡nÄ Imcnaäw FgpXp¶p: "B[p\nI imkv{X¯n A-kw_-\v-[-am-sW-¶v- t_m-[y-am-Ipw.-
t³dbpw Ncn{X]T\§fptSbpw aäpw ImgvN¸mSnÂ \n¶p t\m H¶v-)- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)- \n-c-£-c-\m-bn-cp-¶p-.- ss_-_nÄ- ]g-
¡pt¼mÄ ss__nfnse Nne {]kvXmh\IÄ sXämbn tXm¶n b\n-b-a-hpw- ]p-Xn-b\n-b-a-hpw- hm-bn-¨p- a-\-Ên-em-¡n- A-XnÂ-\n¶v-
tb¡mw. imkv{Xtam, temINcn{Xtam ]Tn¸n¡p¶ Hcp {KÙ ]-IÀ-¯n-sb-gp-Xp-I- A-t±-l¯ - n-\v- kz-á- m-bn- A-km-[y-am-bn-cp¶p.-
aÃ, c£mNcn{XamWv ss__nÄ F¶ t_m[yt¯msS thWw in-jy·m-cnÂ- B-cp-sS-sb-¦n-epw- k-lm-b-t¯m-sS- At±-lw- AXv-
ss__nfnse ]T\§sf kao]n¡phm³. Hmtcm ]pkvXIhpw \nÀ-hl - n-¨p-sh-¶v- I-cp-Xm-\pw- h-¿.- A-§s- \- sN-bX v- n-cp-¶p-sh¦nÂ-
FgpXs¸« Ime¯p \ne\n¶ncp¶ {]]©ho£W§fpw in-jy-·m-cnÂ- Nn-eÀ-s¡-¦n-epw- A-Xv- A-dn-bm³- Ign-tb--Xm-bncp-
kmlnXyssienIfpw am\pjnI {KÙImc·msc kzm[o\n¨n«p ¶p.- A-Xv- ap-tJ-\- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)-bp-sS- hn-izm-k-y-X-bnÂ- A-
v F¶ Imcyw ad¡mhXÃ. {KÙImc³ ]Tn¸n¡phm³ Dt±in hÀ- kw-i-bn-¡p-I-bpw- A-hÀ- X-½n-ep-Å- _-\v-[-¯n-\v- D-e-¨nÂ-
¡p¶ c£mI-c-kXyw F´v F¶v a\Ênem¡m\mWv {iant¡ X-«p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-am-bn-cp-¶p.- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)bp-sS- i-co-c-¯nÂ-
Xv.' (ssa¡nÄ- Im-cn-aäw-: hn-izm-k¯n-s³-d thcp-IÄ- ]p-dw30)- H-cp- t]m-ds- e-¦n-ep-taÂ-¡p-¶X - n-\v- ]-Ic- w- kz´w- Po-h³- _-enbÀ-
hniZoIcW¯n\v hg§m¯ ss__nÄ hnhcW§Ä Zrjv ¸n-¡p-hm³- k-¶² - c- m-bh - c- m-bn-cp-¶p- {]-hm-NI - - in-jy-·mÀ- Ft¶m
SmÍYIfm(parable)sW¶ hniZoIcW¯nÂ A`bw tXSpI À-¡p-I.- {]-hm-NI- \- nÂ-(e)- G-sX-¦n-epw- X-c¯ - n-ep-Å- Ahnizmky
bmWv ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ sN¿p¶Xv. sdbvavþCþ {_u Xbpmbncp¶psh¦nÂ C§s\ XymKw sN¿m³ k-¶-²-cmb-
¬ FgpXp¶p: "ssZh\nthinXambsXÃmw Ncn{XamsW¶mWv H-cp- A-\p-bm-bn-hr-µ-s¯- h-fÀ-¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-hm³- A-t±-l-¯n-\v-
I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¶v- XoÀ-¨-bm-Wv.- ance In the First Abbasi Century Page 132) F-¶mÂ- A-t¸m-kv-
""CXn\v- ap-¼v- \o- hÃ {K\v-Yhpw- ]m-cm-bWw- sN¿p-Itbm,- \n- X-e- {]-hr-¯nI-fpw- ]u-tem-kn-s³-d- te-J-\-§-fpw- Im-tXm-en-I-
s³-d heXp-ssIsIm-v- AXv- Fgp-Xp-Itbm- sNbv-Xn-cp-¶n-Ã.- teJ\-§-fp-apÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶- Sinai Arabic MS151 F-¶- I-s¿-gp-
A§s\bm-sW¦nÂ- Cu- kXy-\n-tj[nIÄ-¡v- kw-ibn-¡m-ambn- ¯v- tcJ- ln-Pv-d-253 Â- A-Y-hm- {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw- 867Â- kp-dn-bm-\n-
cp-¶p'-'- (hn.-Jp.- 29:-48)-.- bn-Â- \n¶v- A-d-_n-bn-te-¡v- _n-kvÀ-_v-\p-knÀ-dn- F-¶-bmÄ- hnhÀ-
cv-)- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n-(e)-bp-sS- Po-hn-X-Im-e-¯v- ss_-_nÄ- ]g- ¯-\w- sNbvX - X- m-bn- Im-Wp-¶p-v.- C-XnÂ- kp-hn-ti-j§ - f- n-sÃ¶-
b\n-b-a-tam- ]p-Xn-b\n-b-a-tam- A-d-_n-bn-te-¡v- ]-cn-`m-j-s¸-Sp-¯- Im-cyw- {]tXy-Iw- {i-t²-b-am-Wv.-- (Ibid Page 131).
s¸-«n-«p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.- A-d-_n-bn-ep-Å- ]-g-b\n-b-a-hpw- ]p-Xn-b\n- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n-(e)-¡v- ti-jw- c-v- \q-äm-p-I-sf-¦n-epw- I-gn
b-a-hp-sa-Ãmw- D-m-b-Xp-X-s¶- C-kv-em-an-s³-d- Zn-Kv-hn-P-b-§Ä-¡v- ªm-Wv- ]p-Xn-b\n-b-a-hpw- ]-g-b\n-b-a-hp-sa-Ãmw- A-d-_n-bn-te-¡v-
ti-j-am-Wv.- ]-g-b- \n-b-a- tc-J-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- kq£va ]-T-\w- \-S- hn-h-À-¯-\w- sN-¿-s¸-«-Xv.- \n-c-£-c-\m-bn-cp-¶- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)
¯n-b- G-W-kv-äv- hqÀ--Yv-hn³- F-gp-Xp-¶-Xv- Im-Wp-I:- ""C-kv-em-an- a-äm-cnÂ-\n-s¶-¦n-epw- A-d-_n-bn-ep-Å- ss_-_nÄ- hm-bn-¨p-tI-«-
s³-d- hym-]-\-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn- A-d-_n-bp-sS- D-]-tbm-Kw- hym-]-I-amhp- ti-jw- A-Xn-se- I-Y-IÄ- DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨p-sIm-v- F-gp-Xn-b-XmWv-
I-bpw- C-kv-em-an-I- cm-Py-§-fn-se- Pq-X-·m-cp-sS-bpw- {In-kv-Xym-\n- JpÀ-B³- F-¶- hm-Z-hpw- C-hn-sS- A-{]-k-Iv-X-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.- A-d-
I-fp-sS-bpw- ssZ-\wZn-\Po-hn-X-¯n-se- `m-j-bm-bn- A-d-_n- a-m-dp-I- _n-bnÂ- \n-e-hn-en-Ãm-¯- H-cp- {K-\v-Yw- hm-bn-¨p-tI-«p-sh-¶v- I-cpXp-
bpw- sN-bX v- p.- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- A-d_
- n- ]-Xn-¸p-IÄ- A-\n-hm-cyam¡n ¶-Xv- \n-cÀ-°-I-am-sW-¶v- ]-d-tb--Xn-Ã-tÃm.-
-¯oÀ-¯- Cu- km-l-N-cy-¯nÂ- kz-X-{´-hpw- {]m-Y-an-I-am-b- hym aq-¶v)- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS- N-cn-{Xw- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶n-S-¯v- A-[mÀ½n-
Jym-\- kw-_-\v-[n-bp-am-b- \n-c-h-[n- ]-Xn-¸p-IÄ- ]p-d-¯p-h-¶p''.- I-cpw- A-km-·mÀ-Kn-Ic- p-am-bn-cp-¶p- A-hs- c-¶v- h-cp-¯n-¯oÀ-¡p¶
(Ernst Wurthewein: The Text of The Old Testament Page -X-c-¯n-em-Wv- ss_-_nÄ A-Xv- \nÀ-Æ-ln-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- a-Zy]n¨v-
104). H¼-Xmw- \q-äm-n-s³-d- B-Zy-]-Ip-Xn-bn-em-Wv- ]-gb- \n-b-a- \-Kv-\-\m-b- t\m-lpw- e-l-cn- aq-¯v- kz-]p-{X-nam-cp-am-bn- i-bn-¨-
ss__nÄ- A-d-_n-bn-te-¡v- ]-cn-`m-j-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«-sX-¶m-Wv- e`y- tem¯pw- N-Xn-b-\m-b- bm-t¡m-_pw- hn-j-b-e-¼-S-\m-b- Zm-ho-Zpw-
am-b- I-s¿-gp-¯v- tc-J-IÄ- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶-Xv- (Ibid Page 224 - a-Zyw- hn-f¼- n-b- tb-ip-hp-sa-Ãmw,-- [À-½¯ - n-te-¡v- P-\§ - s- f- \-bn¡m-
225). G-ItZ-iw- C-¡m-e-¯p-X-s¶-bm-h-Ww- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-hpw- \m-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-¡s- ¸-«h - c- m-bn-cp-¶p- {]-hm-NI - ·
- m-À F-¶- k¦Â]-
A-d-_n-bn-te-¡v- `m-jm-´-cw- sN-¿-s¸-«-Xv.- {]-K-Xv-`-\m-b- kn-Uv-\n- ¯n-\v- I-SI-hn-cp-²-am-b- I-Y-I-fm-sW-¶v- ]-d-tb--Xn-Ã-tÃm.- JpÀ-
F-¨v.- {Kn^n-¯n-s³-d- h-cn-IÄ- Im-Wp-I-: B-\nse N-cn-{X-hn-h-c-W-¯n-Â-- C-¯-cwbm-sXm-cp- I-Y-I-fpw-
""A-d_
- n-bn-ep-Å- kp-hn-ti-j§- f- S- §
- n-b- G-äh
- pw- ]p-cm-X\
- amb- ImWp-¶n-Ã.- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- ap-l½ - Z- v- \-_n- (e)- ]-IÀ-¯nsbgp-
I-s¿-gp-¯v- tc-J- "kn-\m-bv- A-d-_n- I-s¿-gp-¯v- {]-Xn- 72'- (Sinai Xn-b-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- Cu- I-Y-I-sf-¦nÂ- - {]-hm-N-I-·m-cnÂ- ss_-_nÄ
Arabic MS72) -B-Wv.- P-dp-k-tew- k-`-bp-sS- {Ko-¡v- {]mÀ-°\m- B-tcm-]n-¨- A-[mÀ-½n-I-X-I-fn-te-sX-¦n-epw- JpÀ-B-\n-epw- kv-Ym-
Ie--dn-s³-d- Im-e-{I-am-Sn-kv-Ym-\-¯nÂ- A-[ym-b-§Ä- tc-J-s¸- \w- ]n-Sn-t¡--Xm-bn-cp-¶p.- A-§-s\-bn-sÃ-¶v- am-{X-a-Ã,- {]-hm-N-
Sp-¯nb- \m-ev- Im-t\m-\n-I- kp-hn-ti-j-§-fpw- C-Xn-ep-v.- tc-Jbp- I-·m-sc-Ãmw- D-¶-X-cpw- hn-ip-²-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶- hkv-Xp-X- hyIv-
sS- A-ý-¯n-se- Ip-dn-¸v- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶-Xv- Cu- I-s¿-gp-¯v- tcJ- X-am-¡p-¶X - m-Wv- JpÀ-B\ - n-se- {]-hm-NI - - I-Y\§-sfÃmsa-¶- Im-
A-d-_n- I-e-À- 284Â- A-Y-hm- {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw- 897Â- dw-e-bn-se- cyw- A-Xv- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- ]-IÀ-¯n-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-¶- hm-Z-
kv-äo-^³- (Stephen of Ramlah) -F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-¶m-W-v (Sidney ¯n-s³-d- \-s«-sÃm-Sn-¡p-¶p-v.-
H Griffith: The Gospel in Arabic: An Enquiry Into its Appear- \m-ev)- N-cn-{X-¯n-s³-d- A-f-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ- sh-¨p-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ-
h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-N-cn-{X-¯n-\v- \n-c-¡m-¯- \n-c-h[n- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-IÄ- N-cn-{Xw- am-{Xw- F-Sp-¯p-²c- n-¡p-Ib - pw- sN-bvX - - A-Xn-am-\pj-\mWv-
ss_-_nÄ- \-S-¯p-¶p-v.- C-Xv- ss_-_nÄ- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ- X-s¶- A-t±-l-sa-¶v- ]-d-tb-n-h-cpw.- k-À-Æ-i-Iv-X-\m-b- {k-jv-Smhn-s³-d-
Aw-Ko-Ic- n-¡p-¶X - m-Wv.- "'-Nc- n-{X-]c- a- m-bn- Ir-Xy-aÃ- m-¯- Nn-e- {]kv- h-N-\-§-fm-Wv- JpÀ-B-\n-ep-Å-sX-¶- h-kv-Xp-X- \n-tj-[n-¡p-hm³-
Xm-h-\-I-fpw- ss_-_n-fnÂ- I-s-¶p-h-cmw''- (ss_-_nÄ- hn-Pv-Rm- sX-fn-hv- ]-c-Xp-¶-hÀ- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)-sb- ssZ-h-am-¡p¶- ]-cn-
\-tIm-iw- ]p-dw- 12).- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- ]-IÀ-¯n-sb-gp-Xn-s¡mv- Wm-a-Kp-]v-Xn-bn-em-Wv- F-¯n-t¨-cp-I-sb-¶À-°w.-
ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)-c-Nn-¨-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- JpÀ-B-s\-¦nÂ- A-XnÂ- B-dv)- ss_-_n-fnÂ- ]-d-bm-¯- Nn-e- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS-bpw- kap-
ss_-_n-fn-te-Xp t- ]m-se- N-cn-{X-]c- a- m-bn- Ir-Xy-aÃ - m-¯- {]-kvX - mh- Zm-b-§-fp-sS-bpw- N-cn-{Xw- JpÀ-B³- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶p-v.- B-Zv,- k-aq
\-IÄ- Im-W-s¸-tS--Xm-bn-cp-¶p.- F-¶mÂ,- A-¯-cwbm-sXmcp- Zv- tKm-{X-§-fn-te-¡v- \n-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«- lq-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS-bpw- kmen-
{]-kv-Xm-h-\-b-pw- JpÀ-B-\n-en-Ã.- lv- \-_n-bp-sS-bpw- N-cn-{Xw- D-Zm-l-c-Ww-.- ss_-_n-fn-se-hn-sS-bpw-
A-©v) B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-{X-¯n-s³-d- Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-eq-sS- t\m-¡p- Im-Wm-\m-hm-¯- {]-hm-N-I-·m-cm-Wn-hÀ.- ss_-_n-fnÂ- \n-¶v-
t¼mÄ- ss_-_n-fnÂ- \n-c-h-[n- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä- tIm¸n-b-Sn-¡p-I-bm-Wv- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)-sN-bv-X-sX-¦nÂ- Cu-
Im-Wm-\m-hpw.- kq-cy-s³-d- kr-jv-Sn-¡v- ap-¼p- X-s¶- cm-¸-I-ep-Ifp N-cn-{X§Ä- A-t±-l-¯n-\v- F-hn-sS-\n-¶m-Wv- In-«n-b-Xv?-
m-bX - m-bn- hn-hc- n-¡p-¶- DÂ-]¯ - n- ]p-kvX - I
- w- ap-Xe - m-cw-`n-¡p¶p- G-gv)- ss_-_n-fnÂ- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡s- ¸-«- {]-hm-NI - · - m-cp-sS- N-cn{Xw-
ss_-_-n-fn-se- im-kv-{X- hn-cp-²-am-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä. cm-¸-I-ep-Ifp- ]-db - p-t¼mÄ-Xs- ¶- ss_-_n-fn-sem-cn-S¯ - pw- ]-cm- a- À-in-¡m-¯- \nc-
m-hp-¶-Xv- kq-cy-N-{µ-·m-cp-sS- N-e-\w -aq-e-am-sW-¶pw- (tb-ip- h-[n- kw-`-h-§Ä- JpÀ-B-\nÂ- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v.- \q-lv- \_n-
10:-12,-13),- `q-an- C-f-Im-sX- \n-iv-N-e-am-bn- \nÂ-¡p-I-bm-sW-¶pw- (k- (u)bpw- A-hn-izm-kn-bm-b- a-I-\pw- X-½nÂ- \-S-¶- kw-`m-j-Whpw-
¦o- 104:-5)- ap-bÂ- A-bhn-d¡ - p-¶- Po-hn-bm-sW-¶p- (B-h- 14:-7)- saÃm- a-I³- {]-fb - ¯- nÂ- s]-«- kw-`h - h
- n-hc- W
- h - pw- kq-d¯ - p- lqZnÂ-(11: -
ap-Å ss_-_nÄ- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä- A-Xn-s³-d- A-im-kv{Xo-b-X-¡v- 42þ46)- Im-Wmw.- C-§-s\- bm-sXm-¶pw- ss_-_n-fn-se-hn-sS-bp-anÃ.-
D-Zm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv.- Cu- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-sf-Ãmw- h-cp-¶-Xv- {]-hm-NI C-{_m-low- \-_n-bpw- \w-dq-Zpw- X-½nÂ- \-S-¶- kwhm-Z-hpw- (JpÀ-
I-Y-\-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-em-sW-¶- Im-cyw- {]-tXy-Iw- {i-t²-b-am-Wv.- B³- 2:-258)- ]n-Xm-hp-am-bn- \-S-¶- kw-`m-j-W-hpw- (JpÀ-B³ 6:-74,-
ss_-_n-fm-bn-cp-¶p- JpÀ-B-\n-s³-d- c-N-\-bv-¡p-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶- 19:-41þ49,- 43:-26,-27)- a-c-Wm-\-´-c- Po-hn-X-¯n-s³-d- k-Xy-X- t_m-[y-
t{km-X-sÊ-¦nÂ- Cu- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-sf-Ãmw- JpÀ- s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\m-bn,- ]-£n-I-sf- Ijv-W - n-¨v- \m-ev- a-e-I-fnÂ-sh-¨-ti-
B-\n-epw- kvY - m-\w- ]n-Sn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p.- Cu- ]-cm-aÀ-i§ - Ä- h-kvXp- jw- A-hs- b- hn-fn-¨mÂ- A-h- Hm-Sn-hc- p-¶X - m-sW-¶v- AÃm-lp- At±-
X-IÄ-¡v- \n-c-¡m-¯-Xm-sW¶- A-dn-hv- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)-bp-sS- l-t¯m-Sv- ]-d-ª- kw-`-h-hpw- (2:-260)- Xo-bn-te-¡v- h-en-s¨-dn-bs¸-
Im-e¯ - p-m-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-t¶mÀ-¡p-I.- F-¶mÂ- JpÀ-B\ - nÂ- C¯- Sp-Ib - pw- A-XnÂ- \n-¶v- A-t±-lw- A-X`v- p-XI - c- a- m-bn- - c£-s¸-SpIbpw-
cwbm-sXm-cp-hn-[- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-fp-an-Ã.- JpÀ-B-\n-se- H-scm-ä- hN\- sN-bv-X- N-cn-{X-hp-(21:-56þ70)-sam-¶pw- ss_-_n-fn-sem-cn-S-¯pw- Im-
sa-¦n-epw- G-sX-¦n-epw- im-kv-{X-h-kv-Xp-X-I-fp-am-bn- ssh-cp-²yw- Wm³- I-gn-bn-Ã.- ssZ-hn-I- IÂ-]-\- {]-Im-cw- H-cp- ]ip-hn-s\- A-dp-
]p-eÀ-¯p-¶-Xm-bn- sX-fn-bn-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã.- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- ]-IÀ- ¡m³- aq-k-m (u)- C-{km-bo-ey-tcm-Sv- \nÀ-tZ-in-¡p-Ibpw, ]-ip-hn-
¯n-s¡m-v- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)- c-Nn¨- {K-\v-Y-am-Wv- JpÀ-B-s\¶v- s³-d- {]-tXy-IX - I
- Ä- - tNm-Zn-¨v- A-Xn-s³-d- \nÀ-Æl - W - w- AhÀ {]bm-
hm-Zn-¡p-Ib - m-sW-¦nÂ- X-\n-¡v- ti-jw- \q-äm-p-IÄ- Ign-ªv- hcm- k-I-c-am-¡pIbpw sNbvX- kw-`-h-hpw- (JpÀ-B³- 2:-67þ71)- sIm-e-
\n-cn-¡p-¶- im-kv-{X-ap-t¶-ä-§Ä- Iq-Sn- ap³-Iq-«n- Im-Wm³- I-gn-bp- ]m-X-I-¡p-äw- sX-fn-bn-¡m-\m-bn- ]-ip-hn-s\- A-dp-¯v- A-Xn-s³-d-
I-bpw- A-Xn-s³-d- A-Sn-kvY - m-\¯ - nÂ- ss_-_n-fn-ep-Å- Aim-kv{Xo- H-cp -`m-Kw-sIm-v- ASn-¡p-hm³- IÂ-]n-¨- I-Y-\-§-fpw- (2:-72,- 73)-
b-X-IÄ- A-dn-ªv- A-h-sb-Ãmw- A-cn-s¨m-gn-hm-¡n- kwip²-am-b- aq-km- \-_n- (u-)-bp-sS- Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-Sp-¯n- ss__n-
fn-sem-cn-S-¯pw- {]-kv-Xm-hn¡p-¶n-Ã.- Cu-km- \-_n- (u)-bp-sS- P\- tÃm.- AhÀ- XÀ-¡¯n-teÀ-s¸«p-sIm-n-cp-¶t¸mgpw- \o- AhcpsS
\w- ap-XÂ- X-s¶bpÅ- ss_-_n-fnÂ- ]-db - m-¯- ]-e- kw`-h§ - fpw- ASp-¯p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã''- (hn.-Jp.- 3:4-4).-
JpÀ-B-\nÂ- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-¶p-v.- k-I-cn-¿m-bp-sS- kw-c-£-W¯n F-«v)- ss_-_n-fnÂ- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡-s¸-«- I-Y-IÄ- ]-d-bp-t¼m-gpw-
Â- {]mÀ-°\ - m-kvY - e
- ¯- v- Xmakn¨psI-m - n-cp-¶- aÀb-an-s³-d- Ip«n- ss_-_n-fnÂ-\n-¶v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- kq-£v-a-X-bpw-
¡m-e-¯v- A-hÀ-¡v- A-Xv-`p-X-I-c-am-bn- `-£-W-km-[-\-§Ä- e-`n¨- JpÀ-B³- Im-¯p-kq-£n-¡p-¶X - v- Im-Wmw.- D-Zm-lc- W
- ¯- n-\v- tami-
kw`hw- (JpÀ-B³- 3:-37)-,- a-À-b-an-s³-d- {]-k-h-k-ab-¯v- A-hÀ-¡v- þ ko-\m-bv- ]-À-h-X-¯nte-¡v- t]m-b- A-h-k-c-¯nÂ- C-{km-boeyÀ-
\Â-Is- ¸-«- {]-tXy-I- A-\p-{K-l§ - s- f-¡p-dn-¨- hnh-cW - w- (19:-23þ26),- ¡v- A-h-cp-sS- B-h-iy-{]-Im-cw- kzÀ-Ww-sIm-v- Im-f-¡p-«n-sb- \nÀ-
Cu-km- (u)- sXm-«n-enÂ-sh-¨v- kw-km-cn-¨v- X-s³d- \n-tbm-Kw- {] an-¨v- B-cm-[-\-¡m-bn- \Â-In-b-Xv- tam-i-bp-sS- Iq-«m-fn-bpw- {]-hmN-
Jym-]n-¨p- sIm--v X-s³--d- B-Zy-s¯- A-X`-v p-Xw- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨- Ncn{Xw- I-\p-am-b- A-l-tcm-Wm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv- ]p-d-¸m-Sv- ]p-kv-X-Iw- (32:-
(19:-29,-30),- I-fn-a®
- p-sIm-v- ]-£n-bp-sS- cq-]a- p-m-¡n- Cu-km- (u)- 1þ6)- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.- JpÀ-B-\pw- ss_-_n-fp-sa-Ãmw- ]-cn-ip-²- {]-hmN-
A-XnÂ- Du-Xn-bt- ¸mÄ- A-Ãm-lp-hn-s³-d- A-\p-aX - n-{]-Im-cw- A-sXm- I-\m-bn- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶- lm-dq\n-(u)Â- \n¶v hn-{K-lm-cm-
cp- ]-£n-bm-bn- cq-]m-´-c-s¸-«- kw`hw (3:49)- C-sXm-¶pw-X-s¶- [-\-¡v- Iq-«p-\nÂ-¡p-I-sb-¶- a-lm-]m-]w- kw`hn-¡m-\n-S-bn-sÃ¶v-
ss_-_n-fnÂ- H-cn-S-¯pw- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-¶p-t]m-ep-an-Ã.- ss_-_n- G-Xv- km-am-\y- _p-²n-¡pw- a-\-Ên-em-hpw.- JpÀ-B-\pw- {]-kv-Xp-X-
fnÂ-\n-¶v- ap-l-½-Zv- \-_n- (e)- ]-IÀ-¯n-sb-gp-Xn-s¡m-m-Wv- JpÀ- kw-`-hw- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶p-v.- ]-s£,- kzÀ-W-]-ip-hn-s\-bp-m-¡p-
B³- c-Nn-¨-sX-¦nÂ- ss_-_n-fn-sem-cn-S-¯pw- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡m-¯- I-bpw- A-Xn-s\- B-cm-[n-¡p-hm³- C-{km-bo-ey-sc- t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw-
{]-hm-N-I-·m-cp-sS- Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-«- I-Y-IÄ- A-t±-l- sN-bv-X-Xv- l-m-dq-\(u)-Ã-;- {]-Xyp-X- C-{km-bo-ey-cnÂ-s]-«- H-cp- I]-
¯n-\v- F-hn-sS-\n-¶p- In-«n? apl-½Zv \_n-bpsS Ime¯v blqZ S-\m-b- km-an-cn-bm-Wv- C-Xv- sN-bv-X-sX-¶pw- A-Xp-aq-ew- A-bmÄ-
ss{IkvX-hÀ¡n-S-bnÂ \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ IY-Ifpw sFXnly-§- ssZ-h-tIm-]-¯n-\pw- i-]-n-¡-s¸-«- tcm-K-¯n-\pw- hn-t[-b-\m-sb-¶p-
fp-amWv Cu ]cm-aÀi-§-fpsS t{kmXÊv F¶p hmZn-¡-s¸-Sm-dp- am-Wv- JpÀ-B³- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-¶X - v- (20:-85þ95).- ss_-_n-fnÂ- ]-cm-aÀin-
v. Cu hmZhpw ASn-Øm\ cln-X-am-Wv. {]kvXpX IYIfp ¡s¸-«- I-Y-IÄ- hn-h-cn-¡p-t¼m-gpw- A-Xn-se- s\-Ãpw- ]-Xn-cpw- thÀ
sSbpw ]pcm-W§ - f-ps- S-bp-saÃmw Ncn-{X-]c- X
- sb tNmZyw sN¿p¶ Xn-cn-¨v- k-Xy-k-\v-[-hpw- kq-£v-a-hp-am-b- co-Xn-bnÂ- A-h- P-\-k-
]T-\§ - fpw Kth-jW - § - fpw ]nÂ-¡m-e¯v \S-¶n-«p-v. Cu Kth- a£w -sh-¡p-¶- JpÀ-B³- ssZ-hn-I-am-sW-¶v- A-Xn-s³-d- Cu-
j-W-§-fn-sem-¶v t]mepw Hcp JpÀ-B³ IY-\-s¯bpw hkvXp- {]tXy-I-X- X-s¶- kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶p.
\n-jvT-ambn hnaÀi-n-¡p-¶n-sÃ¶ Imcyw {]tXyIw {it²-b-am-
Wv. k-Xy-¯nÂ J-pÀ-B³- ssZ-h-h-N-\-am-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wv- ss_-
_nfn-se-hn-sS-bpw- kq-Nn-¸n-¡m-¯- kw-`-h-§Ät]m-epw- IrXyhpw
{]-am-Z-c-ln-X-hp-ambn A-XnÂ- \-ap-¡v- Im-Wm³- I-gn-bp-¶Xv.- aÀ-
b-¯n-s³-d- _m-ey-Im-e- kw-`-h-§Ä- hn-h-cn-¡-sh- JpÀ-B³- ]d
ª-Xv- F-{X- i-cn-!- ""(\_n-tb)- \mw- \n-\¡v- t_m-[\w- \Â-Ip-¶
AZr-iy-hmÀ-¯IfnÂ- s]«Xm-Ip-¶p- Ahsbm-s¡.- AhcnÂ-
Bcm-Wv- aÀ-b¯n-s³-d kw-c£Ww- GsäSp-t¡sX¶v- Xo-cpam-
\n-¡p-hm-\m-bn- AhÀ- X§fp-sS A¼p-IÄ- C«p-sIm-v- \dps¡Sp-
¸v- \S¯n-bn-cp-¶ kab¯v- \o- Ahcp-sS ASp-¯p-m-bn-cp-¶nÃ
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 264 ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡p-Å- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- 265
_-Ô-¯n-sâ- Xp-S-¡-¯nÂ- H-¶m-a-Xm-bn- kq-Nn-¸n-¨- ssh-cp-[y-

¯n\v- \Â-I-s¸-«- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-¡p-I.- C-{km-
tb-en-s³-d- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-¡m³- Zm-ho-Zn-s\- tXm-¶n-¨-Xv- ssZ-h-
am-sW-¶v- 2 im-ap- 24:-1epw- km-¯m-\m-sW¶v- 1 Zn-\- 21:-1epw- ]-d-
ª-XmWv- ssh-cp-²y-am-bn- F-Sp-¯p-]-d-ªn-cp-¶-Xv.- A-Xn-\p-Å-
hn-i-Zo-I-cWw- C-§-s\-:- ""kz-´w- I-gn-hnÂ- k-¼qÀ-W-am-bn- B{i-
bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-I-cw- kz-´w- I-gn-hnÂ- Du-äw-sIm-v- P-\-s¯-
F®p-hm³- Zmho-Zn-\v- t{]-cW - - \Â-In-bX- v- km-¯m³- X-s¶-bmWv.-
A\p-_Ôw 11 tbm-hm-_v- hne-¡n-bn-«pw- H-cp- ho-p-hn-Nm-c¯ - n-\p-t]m-epw- X-¿mdm-
ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡p-Å- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww-
hm-¯- Zm-hoZn-s\- ssZ-hw- b-tY-jv-Sw- hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.- B- \ne-
bnÂ- Zm-hoZns\- ]m-Tw- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-hm³- ssZ-hw- Im-cy-]-cn-]m-SnIÄ-
\-S-¯n-sb-¶v- km-cw''
ss_-_n-fnÂ- D-S-\o-fw- Im-W-s¸-Sp-¶- ssh-cp-[y-§Ä- hn-i-ZoI- h-kv-Xp-X-bp-am-bn- bm-sXm-cp- _\v-[-hpan-Ãm-¯- H-cp- {]kv-Xmh-
cn-¨v- A-h- b-YmÀ-°-¯nÂ- ssh-cp[y-§-f-sÃ-¶v- h-cp-¯n-¯oÀ- \- am-{X-am-Wn-Xv.- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-¡m³- t{]-c-W- \ÂIn-
¡p-hm³- th-n- sIm-p-]n-Sn-¨- {i-a-§Ä- ss{I-kv-X-h-tem-I-¯v- b-Xp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s¸-«v- im-ap-th-en-s³-d- c-mw- ]p-kv-X-Iw- 24þmw-
\-S-¶n-«p-s-¶-Xv- i-cn-bm-Wv.- ]-s£,- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§Ä- Iq-Sp-XÂ- A-[ym-b-¯nÂ- h-¶- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-I-fn-sem-¶pw- km¯m³- ]-cmaÀ-
hen-b- A-_-²-§-fn-te-¡m-Wv- an-j-\-dn-am-sc- sIm-p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv.- in-¡-s¸-Sp-t¶-bn-Ã.- IÀ-¯m-hn-\v- C-{km-tb-en-\p- t\-sc- Pzen-¨-
Xncp-h-«mÀ- Ir-jv-W³-Ip-«n-¡p-th-n- k-tlm.- hÀ-Kokv- Ip-cy³- tIm-]-am-Wv- Zm-ho-Zn-s\ sIm-v- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-¸n-¡p-hm³- ssZh-
F-gp-Xp-¶-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- s¯- t{]-cn-¸n-¨-Xv.- C-hn-sS- km-¯m³- I-S-¶p-hcp-t¶-bn-Ã.- H-¶mw-
Zn-\-hr-¯m-´w- 21þmw- A-[ym-b-¯n-em-I-s«- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-¸p-am-
""ss_-_n-fnÂ- H-t«-sd- ssh-cp-²y-§-fpw- ]n-i-Ip-I-fpw- D-v- bn- _-\v-[-s¸-«v- ssZ-h-¯n-s³-d- t]-cv- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-¶p-t]m-ep-anÃ.-
F¶pw- A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶- ss_-_nÄ- ssZ-h-h-N-\-a-sÃ-¶pw- Hcp- am-{X-hp-a-Ã,- ""P-\-kw-Jy- Xn-«-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv- ssZ-h-¯n-\v- A-ln-X-
B-t£-]-ap-v.- Im-em-Im-e-§-fn-em-bn- A-§-s\- D-¶-bn-¡-s¸-«n- I-c-am-b-Xp-sIm-v- A-h³- C-{km-tb-en-s\- ]o-Un-¸n-¨p''- (1 Zn-\-
«p-Å- F-Ãm- hm-Z-§Ä-¡pw- hy-Iv-X-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- ss{I-kv-X-h- kaq- 21:-7)sh-¶v- hy-Iv-X-am-¡p-¶p-ap-v.- Np-cp-¡-¯nÂ,- ssZ-h-¯n-s³-d-
l-¯nÂ -\n-¶pw- \Â-I-s¸-«n-«p-v.- F-¶mÂ- A-sXm-s¡-bpw- a-d- ln-Xw- km-¯m-\n-eq-sS- \-S¸ - n-em-¡n-bX
- p- aq-ea- m-Wv- Zm-ho-Zv- IWs¡-
¨p-]n-Sn-¨pw- I-n-sÃ-¶v- \-Sn-¨pw- ho-pw- ho-pw- A-_-²-P-Un-e- Sp-¸v- \-S-¯n-b-sX-¶- I-p-]n-Sp-¯-¯n-\v- ss_-_n-fn-s³-d- AwKo
§-fm-b- B-t£-]-§Ä- B-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv- sh-dpw- Ko-_-Xv-kn-b³- Im-c-an-Ã.- k-Xy-¯nÂ- imap-th-en-s³-d- ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-s³-d- IÀ-¯m-
X-{´-am-Wv.- Nn-e A-`n-\-h- C-kv-emw-a-X- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-IÄ- \-S-¯p¶- hv- ssZ-h-am-Wv- Zm-ho-Zn-s\- t{]-cn-¸n-¨-sX-¶pw- Zn-\-hr-¯m-´-¯n
hr-Y-m- hm-Z-§-fp-sS- b-m-YmÀ-°yw- F-s´-¶p-t\m-¡mw''.-- s³d- IÀ-¯m-hv- km-¯m-\m-Wv- {]-tNm-Zn-¸n-¨-sX-¶pw- I-cp-Xn-s¡m-
F-¶mÂ- hkv-Xp-X-sb-´m-Wv?- ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡p-Å- hn-i-ZoI- m-W-v X-§f- p-sS- ]pkvX - I
- §- Ä- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶s- X-¶-v {]-kX v pX-
c-W-sa-¶- t]-cnÂ- F-gp-Xn-b- Im-cy-§-sf-Ãmw- Xn-I-¨pw- _m-en-iam- ]p-kvX - I
- §- f- p-sS- \-tS- kq-Nn-¸n-¨- A-[ym-b§ - Ä- H-cp- X-hWsb¦n-
sW-¶v- h-n-aÀ-i-IÀ- c-Nn-¨- ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-s³-d- \m-emw- A-[ym-bw- epw- hm-bn-¨mÂ- t_m-[y-am-Ipw.- F-s´-´v- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§Ä- \Â-
H-cm-hÀ-¯n- hm-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ-i-¡-Ãmw- t_m-[y-s¸-Spw.- B-dmw- A\p- In-bm-epw- Cu- ssh-cp[-yw- ssh-cp-[y-am-bn-¯s- ¶- Xp-Sc- p-sa¶À°w.-
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 266 ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡p-Å- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- 267
hw-i-m-h-en-bn-ep-Å- ssh-cp-²y-¯n-\v- \Â-I-s¸-«- hn-i-Zo-I-c- h\nÂ aq¯hs³d `mcy¡v P\n¨ aI³ aq¯hs³d aI\mbm
Whpw- X-ssY-h.- Wv Adnbs¸SpI. tbip]nXmhmb tbmk^ns³d ]nXmhmbn
a¯mbnbpsSbpw eqt¡mkns³dbpw kphntij§Ä {]Zm a¯mbn ]dbp¶Xv bmt¡m_ns\bpw eqt¡mkv ]dbp¶Xv
\w sN¿p¶ hwimhenIÄ X½nepÅ sshcp²yw F¡meL« tlensbbpamWtÃm. tbmk^ns³d ]nXmhmbn a¯mbn ]d
¯ntebpw ss__nÄ hymJymXm¡Ä¡v XethZbpm¡nbn ª bmt¡m_pw eqt¡mkv ]dª tlenbpw ktlmc·mcmbn
«pÅXmWv. "sshcp²y§fnte¡Ã, C{kmtbens³d c£Is\ cp¶ncn¡W-sa¶pw Cfb ktlmc\mb bmt¡m_ns³d ]p{X
¶ blqZ k¦Â]w ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv tbiphnem \mWv tbmks^¦nepw aq¯ ktlmc\mb tlenbpsS ]p{X\m
sW¶ kphntijI·mcpsS ktµi§fnte¡mWv \mw {i² bmWv Adnbs¸Sp¶sX¶pamWv hmZw. a¯mbn tbmk^ns³d
sNept¯Xv F¶p ]dbpIbmWv s]mXpsh ]WvUnX·mÀ kzm`mhnI hwi]c¼cbpw eqt¡mkv \nba{]Imcapff hwi
sNbvXp t]m¶n«pÅXv. F¶mÂ Nne kphntijI·mÀ ZpÀ\ym ]c¼cbpamWv ]IÀ¯pIbmWpmbsX¶pw hmZn¡s¸Sp¶p.
b§fneqsS Cu sshcp²ys¯ \ymboIcn¡m³ {ian¡mdpv. aq¶mw \qämp apXÂ¡pÅ ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX·mcnÂ an¡
AXn§s\bmWv: "a¯mbn tbiphns³d ]nXmhmbn IcpXs¸ hcpw kvYncoIcn¨ hymJym\amWnXv.
«ncp¶ tbmk^ns³dbpw eqt¡mkv tbiphns³d amXmhmb Cu hymJym\w icnbÃm¯Xn\mÂ B[p\nI ss__nÄ
adnb¯ns³dbpw hwimhenbmWv ]dªncn¡p¶Xv. eqt¡mkv ]WvUnX·mscÃmw CXv Is¿mgn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. AXn\v Imc
]dª tlen adnb¯ns³d ]nXmhmWv. tlenbpsS PmamXm Ww Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.
hmb tbmk-^ns\¡pdn¨v ]p{Xs\¶p ]dªpsh¶p am{Xsabp (1) tlenbpw bmt¡m_pw ktlmZc·mcmbncp¶psh¦nÂ
Åp. bmYmÀ°¯nÂ tbmk^ns³d ]nXmhv bmt¡m_mWv' AhÀ cp t]cptSbpw ]nXm¡Ä Hcmfmbncn¡WatÃm. a¯m
CXv ASnkvYm\clnXamb Hcp \ymboIcW¯nÂ Ihnªv bn {]Imcw bmt¡m_ns³d ]nXmhv a°m\pw eqt¡mkv {]Im
asäm¶paÃ. eqt¡mkns³d kphntij¯nÂ hwimhen hnhcn cw tlenbpsS ]nXmhv a°m¯pamWv. F¶mÂ CXv kphntij
¨nS¯v adnbbpsS t]cp t]mepw ]cmaÀin¡s¸«n«nÃ. am{X IÀ¯m¡Ä¡p ]änb sNdnb ssI¸ng (ssZh\nthi\¯nÂ
hpaÃ, kphntij§fpsStbm atäsX¦nepw {KÙ§fpsStbm ssI]ngbpw!)bmsW¶v hmZn¡mhp¶XmWv. a°m¯v, a°m³
]n´pW Cu hmZ¯n\nÃ. adnbbpsS hwimhenbmWv eqt¡m XpS§nb t]cpIÄ kZri§fmWtÃm. ChnsSbpw {]iv\apv.
kv hnhcn¡p¶sX¦nÂ AXp t\À¡pt\sc ]dbp¶XnÂ \n¶v a°m¯ns³d ]nXmhmbn tehnbpw (eqt¡mkv) a°m\ns³d
At±ls¯ XSªp \nÀ¯nbXv F´msW¶ tNmZy¯n\v ]nXmhmbn FenbmkdpamWv (a¯mbn) ]cmaÀin¡s¸«ncn¡p
Xr]vXnIcamb adp]Sn \ÂIm³ Cu hmZ¯ns³d hIvXm¡Ä ¶Xv. Fenbmkdpw tehnbpw Htc hyIvXnbpsS cp t]cpIfm
s¡m¶pw Ignªn«nÃ. {]KXv`cmb ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·msc sW¶v hmZn¡s¸Smw. F¶mÂ GenbmkÀ GenlqZns³d aI
Ãmw Cu hmZs¯ XnckvIcn¡pIbmWv sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. \pw tehn saÂ¡nbpsS aI\pamWv.
a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw hnhcn¡p¶ hwimhenIfnse ssh (2) tehy hnhml k{¼Zmb {]Imcw Dmb ]p{X\mWv
cp[yw ]cnlcn¡m³ ]n¶oSv \nÀt±in¡s¸SmdpÅXv tehy tbmks^¦nÂ ]ns¶ F§s\bmWv At±lw bYmÀ° ]nXm
hnhmlsa¶ BibamWv. BhÀ¯\ ]pkvXI¯nÂ (25:5þ10) hmb bmt¡m_ns³d aI\mbn Adnbs¸SpI? Cfb ktlmZc
\nÀt±in¡s¸«n«pÅ hnhmlcoXnbmWnXv. aq¯ ktlmZc³ \mWv aI³ DmIp¶sX¦nepw aq¯ ktlmZ-cs³d aI\mbm
a¡fnÃmsX acn¨mÂ AbmfpsS hn[hbnÂ Cfbktlmc³ WtÃm Adnbs¸tSXv. ]ns¶sbń\mWv a¯mbn bYmÀ°
AbmÄ¡pthn a¡sf P\n¸n¡Ww F¶mWv \nbaw. Cfb ]nXmhns³d hwimhen kzoIcn¨Xv?
(3) aÀt¡mkv 12:18þ27 Â \n¶v tbiphns³d Ime¯v tehy

hnhmlw \ne\n¶ncp¶nsÃ¶mWv a\ÊnemIp¶Xv. AXn\mÂ
kphn-ti-j-I-·mÀ- tehyhnhml\nba{]ImcapÅ hwimhen
tXSnt¸mbnsb¶v A\pam\n¡p¶XnÂ Ig¼nÃ.
(4) tehy hnhmlsa¶ Bibw hwimhenbnse Aý¯n
se hyXncnIvXX hniZoIcn¡m³ am{Xta D]Icn¡q. hwimh
en apgph³ hyXymkapv. ZmhoZns³d ]p{X\mb tkmfa\n-eq
sS a¯mbnbpw \mYm\neqsS eqt¡mkpw hwimhen kzoIcn¨
A\p-_Ôw 12
XpsImmWv Cu sshcp²y§fpmbXv. CXv kzoIcn¨Xn\v
B[mcam¡nbXv hyXykvX tcJIfmbXn\mÂ aäp kvYe§ Nne ]pkvXI
- §
- Ä F´psImv
fnepw sshcp[yapv. skdq_mt_ens³d aI³ AlnlqZmsW Xnc-kv¡-cn-¡-s¸«p?

¶v a¯mbnbpw tckbmsW¶v eqt¡mkpw ]dbp¶Xv Hcp DZm
lcWw.
C-tX-t]m-se-Xs- ¶-bm-Wv ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡v- \Â-Is- ¸-«- hniZo- Bbnc¯nÂ]cw hÀj§Ä¡pÅnÂ At\Iw t]cmÂ cNn
I-c-W-§-tfm-tcm-¶p-sa-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- \-tS- D-²-cn-¡-s¸«- ¡s¸« Iptd ]pkvXI§fpsS kamlmcamWv ss__nÄ. Cu
]-e- ssh-cp-[y-§Ä-¡pw- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- \Â-Im³- a-dp-]-Sn-sb-¶- ]pkvXI§fpsS IÀ¯m¡Ä FgpXnb tIm¸nIÄ \ap¡v C¶v
t]-cnÂ- {]-kn-²o-Ic- n-¨- ]p-kvX
- I
- ¯
- n-s³-d- IÀ-¯m-¡Ä- k-¶² - am- e`yaÃ. ]IÀ¸pIÄ am{XamWv D]e_v[ambncn¡p¶Xv. ss_
bn-«n-Ã.- X-§Ä- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-dªp-sh-¶v- h-cp-¯n-¯oÀ-¡m-\m-bn- _nÄ ]WvUnX\mb tUm.ssa¡nÄ Imcnaäw FgpXp¶Xv Im
G-Xm-\pw- F-®w- \-¼c- n-«v- sIm-Sp-¯p-sh-¶Ã - m-sX- CXnÂ- D-²cn¡- WpI: "hnip²{K\vYImc·mÀ FgpXnb Is¿gp¯p {]XnIÄ
s¸-«- H-cp- ssh-cp-[y-¯n-\p-t]m-epw- Xr-]v-Xn-I-c-hpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT- C¶p e`yaÃ. ]eXhW ]IÀ¯nsbgpXnbXns³d ]IÀ¸pIÄ
hp-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- \Â-Im³- kp-hn-ti-j-IÀ-¡v- I-gn-ªn-«n-Ã-;- I-gnbp- am{XamWv \ap¡v e`n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Cu Is¿gp¯p {]XnIfnÂ
I-bp-an-Ã.- GXmWv aqe {KÙt¯mSv Gähpw hnizkvXambXv F¶v \nivN
bn¡m³ kq£vaamb ]T\w Bhiyapv'.
e`yambXnÂ Gähpw ]pcmX\amb ss__nfns³d enJnX
tcJ Jpwdm³ NpcpfpIÄ (Qumran Scrolls) F¶pw NmhpISÂ
NpcpfpIÄ (Dead Sea Scrolls) F¶pw Adnbs¸Sp¶ tXmÂNpcp
fpIfnÂ FgpXs¸« enJnX§fmWv. 1947\pw 1960\panS¡v Nmhp
ISens³d hS¡p]Snªmd³ Xoc¯pÅ KplIfnÂ \n¶v
IsSp¯ NpcpfpIfmWnh. ChbnÂ C¶v ss__nfnÂ DÄ
s¸Sp¯s¸«n«pÅ {K\vY§fpsS `mK§fpw ss__nfnÂ \n¶v
Hgnhm¡s¸« {K\vY§fpsS JWvU§fpw ss__nfpambn bm
sXmcp _\v[hpanÃm¯ {K\vY§fpsaÃmw DÄs¡mÅp¶pv.
{InkvXphn\p ap¼v aq¶mw \qämns³d Aý¯nepw {InkvXm
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 270 Nne ]pkvX-I-§Ä F´psImv Xnc-kv¡-cn¡-s¸«p? 271
_vZw G-gn-\panSbnÂ cNn¡s¸«hbmWv NmhpISÂ NpcpfpI tams³d k¦oÀ¯\§Ä XpS§nb {K\vY§fpw Dmbncp¶p.
sf¶mWv AhbnÂ D]tbmKn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ `mjbpw ssien a¯mbnbpsS kphntij¯ns³dbpw, DÂ]¯n]pkvXI¯n
bpw hyIvXam¡p¶Xvv. CXnÂ C¶v D]tbmKn¡s¸Sp¶ ss_ s³dbpw knwl`mKhpw \jvSs¸« coXnbnemWv Cu tImUIvkv
_nfpambn _\v[apÅ ]qÀW{K\vYambn sbi¿mhns³d ]pkv e`n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
XIw am{XamWpÅXv. \qtdmfw NpcpÄ JWvU§fnembn aäp \memw \qämnÂ FgpXs¸«XmsW¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶ asäm
Nne ]gb \nba ]pkvXI§fpsSbpw `mK§Ä NmhpISÂ Npcp cp ]pcmX\ ssIsbgp¯v tcJbmWv tImUIvkv h¯n¡m\kv
fpIfnepv. (Codex Vaticanus). tdmanse h¯n¡m³ sse{_dnbnÂ kq£n
NmhpISÂ NpcpfpIÄ Is¯p¶Xphsc Gähpw ]pcmX\ ¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ Cu tImUIvknse ]e `mK§fpw \jvSs¸«n
amb ln{_p ssIsbgp¯p {]XnIfmbn IcpXs¸«ncp¶Xv {Inkv «pv.
Xm_vZw 894Â FgpXs¸« sIbvtdm tImUIvkpw (Cairo Co- {InkvXm_vZw 200\pw 250\panS¡v FgpXs¸«sX¶v hnNmcn
dex) 930Â FgpXs¸« Aset¸m tImUIvkpw (Aleppo Co- ¡p¶ asämcp ssIs¿gp¯p tcJ IqSnbpv. sNkväÀ _oän
dex) 1008 Â FgpXs¸« se\n³{KmUv tImUIvkpw (Lenin t]¸ndn (Chester Beatty Papyri) F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ ]m¸ndkv tcJ
Grad Codex) Bbncp¶p. tXmÂjoäpIÄ tNÀ¯v H«n¨v aS¡n bnÂ Hcphn[saÃm ]pXnb\nba]pkvXI§fpapv.
]pkvXIcoXnbnem¡nb ]pcmX\ tcJIfmWv tImUIvkpIÄ
F¶dnbs¸Sp¶Xv. C§s\, C¶v Hcp]mSv ssIsbgp¯ptcJIÄ \½psS ssIh
iapv. \membnct¯mfw ssIsbgp¯p tcJIÄ ss__nfn
{Ko¡pss__nfns³d D]e_v[ambn«pÅ Gähpw ]pcmX\ t³dXmbn D]e_v[ambn«pv. F¶mÂ CXne[nIhpw k¼q
amb ssIsbgp¯p {]Xn tImUIvkv knss\än¡kv (Codex À® tcJIfÃ. ]WvUnX\mb ]n.än.Ipcphnf FgpXp¶Xv
Sinaticus) BWv. {InkvXm_vZw \memw iXI¯nÂ cq]saSp¯
ImWpI: "Ct¸mÄ GItZiw 4000 ss__nfns³d ssIs¿gp¯p
sX¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶ Cu tImUIvkv 1859Â ko\mbv aebnse {]XnIÄ \nehnepv. AhbnÂ NneXnÂ ss__nfnse Nne
Hcp KplbnÂ \n¶mWv IsSp¯Xv. Cu ssIsbgp¯p tcJ `mK§Ä am{Xta DÅq. Cu Is¿gp¯p {]XnIÄ cmw iXI
bnÂ ]pXnb\nba¯nse apgph³ `mKt¯mSpsam¸w C¶v ss_ ¯n\pw ]Xn\©mw iXI¯n\pw a[y¯nsegpXnbn«pÅXmbn
_nfnÂ tNÀ¡m¯ _ÀW_mkns³d teJ\hpw slÀamkn A\pam\n¡s¸Sp¶p'.
s³d CSb³ F¶ teJ\¯ns³d `mK§fpw tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
]gb\nba¯ns³d Ahkm\`mK¯v a¡m_mbcpsS \memw blq-Z·mcpsS Imt\m³
teJ\w F¶ Hcp ]pkvXIhpw C¶v ss__nfnÂ CÃm¯Xm hnhcn¡s¸« hyXykvX§fmb ssIsbgp¯p tcJIfpsS
bn tNÀ¡s¸«n«pv. ASnkvYm\¯nemWv hyXykvX ImeL«¯nepmbncp¶
{InkvXm_vZw A©mw \qämnÂ FgpXnbXmsW¶v IcpX Imt\m\pIsf¡pdn¨v a\Ênem¡p¶Xv. {InkvXphn\v \mep
s¸Sp¶ tImUIvkv AeIvkm¬-{U-nbkv (Codex Alexandrius) \qämpIÄ¡p ap¼v Xs¶ C¶v ImWp¶ coXnbnepÅ ]©{K
BWv ]pcmX\amb asämcp Is¿gp¯p{]Xn. 1627Â AeIv \vY§Ä blqZÀ¡nSbnÂ hnip²{KÙ§fmbn AwKoIcn¡
km¬{UnbmbnÂ sh¨mWv CXv IsSp¡s¸«Xv. CXv FgpX s¸«ncp¶psh¶mWv ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mcpsS ]£w. _n.
s¸Spt¼mÄ ]pXnb\nba¯nsebpw ]gb\nba¯ntebpw apgp kn. cmw iXI¯ns³d Bcwàmbt¸mtg¡pw "s\_bnw'
h³ ]pkvXI§fpw AtXmsSm¸w C¶v ss__nfnÂ DÄs¸Sp hn`mK¯nÂs]« H«p ap¡mÂ {K\vY§fpw "sI¯p_nw' hn`mK
¯nbn«nÃm¯ s¢a³dns³d H¶pw cpw teJ\§Ä, item ¯nÂ s]« "Zm\ntbÂ' Hgn¨pÅ {K\vY§fpw blqZ·mÀ
Imt\m\mbn AwKoIcn¨ncp¶psh¶mWv a\Ênem¡m³ Ign {K\vY§Ä am{Xta {]amWnIambn ]cnKWnt¡WXpÅqsh¶v

bp¶Xv. F¶mÂ Ch am{Xambncp¶nÃ blqZ·mÀ hnip²{K\v Xocpam\n¡s¸«p. {Ko¡vþAcamb `mjIfnepÅXpw ]e blqZ
Y§fmbn IcpXnt¸m¶ncp¶Xv. C¶v ss__nfnÂ ImWs¸Sm kaql§fpw ss__nfns³d `mKambn kzoIcn¨ncp¶Xpamb
¯ Ipsdtbsd {KÙ§Ä A¶v ]mcmbWw sN¿s¸SpIbpw aäp {K\vY§Ä AhÀ A{]mamWnIambn XÅn. sk]väPn³dnÂ
{]Ncn¸n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. ]pXnb \nba]pkvXI§ Dmbncp¶, blqZ·mcmÂ XÅs¸« {KÙ§Ä kzoIcn¡W
fnÂ t]mepw Cu {KÙ§fnÂ \n¶v D²cn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. tam thtbm F¶ Imcy¯nÂ BZyImew apXÂ¡p Xs¶
tUm. ssa¡nÄ Imcnaäw FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI: "C¶v ss__nfn ss{IkvXhÀ¡nSbnÂ A`n{]mbćw \ne\n¶ncp¶p. {InkvXm
s³d `mKambn Bcpw AwKoIcn¡m¯ Nne ]pkvXI§fnÂ _vZw 1545\pw 1563\panS¡v \S¶ s{Xt´mkv kp\ltZmkv Cu
\n¶pÅ D²cWnIfpw ]pXnb \nba¯nÂ ImWmw. DZm: bqZm ]pkvXI§Ä IqSn thZ ]pkvXI¯ns³d `mKamsW¶v hniz
kv FgpXnb teJ\w 14þmw hmIyw---- ""Imepw, IÀ¯mhv Xs³d kn¡Â \nÀ_\v[amsW¶v {]Jym]n¨tXmSpIqSn Ch IqSn
hnip²cpsS ]Xn\mbnc§fpsS IqsS BKX\mbncn¡p¶p''. It¯men¡m ss__nfns³d Ahn`mPy`mKambn amdn. AhÀ
Ft\m¡ns³d H¶mw ]pkvXIw 1,9Â \n¶pÅ D²cWnbmWn Cu {KÙ§sf D¯cImt\m\nI (Deutero Canonical) sa¶p
Xv. bqZm: 9Â sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ tamibpsS icocs¯s¨mÃn hnfn¨t¸mÄ s{]m«kvä³dpImÀ s{Xt´mkv kp\ltZmkns³d
]nimNnt\mSv XÀ¡n¨ anJmtbens³d Nn{Xw ""tamibpsS kzÀ Xocpam\w AwKoIcn¡msX Chsb Hgnhm¡s¸« {KÙ§fmb
KmtcmlWw'' F¶ {K\vY¯nÂ \ns¶Sp¯XmWv. "Ah³ At¸m{In^ (Apocrypha) bpsS IqsSbmWv DÄs¸Sp¯nbXv.
\{kmb³ F¶p hnfn¡s¸Spw' (a¯mbn 2:23)F¶ {]hN\w ]pXnb \nba Imt\m³
C¶v AwKoIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶ ]gb\nb¯nÂ \n¶Ã, atätXm ]pXnb\nba¯n\v BZyambn Hcp Imt\m³ \nÀan¨Xv cmw
]pkvXI¯nÂ \n¶v FSp¯Xmbncn¡Ww. CXnÂ \ns¶Ãmw \qämnÂ Gjymssa\dnÂ Pohn¨ amÀkntbm¬ (Marcion)
hyIvXamhp¶Xv ]pXnb \nbaw cNn¡s¸« Ime¯v ss__n F¶ Hcp [\nI\mWv. ]gb\nba¯nse {Iqc\mb ssZhw ASn
fnse ]pkvXI§sf¡pdn¨v bqlZcpsS CSbnÂ Ańamb Hcp aIfm¡n sh¨ncp¶ a\pjysc kz´w cIvXw hnebmbn \ÂIn
Xocpam\w \nehnÂ h¶ncp¶nÃ F¶mWv'. tamNn¸n¡pIbmWv kzÀK¯nÂ \n¶nd§nh¶ tbip{InkvXp
{InkvXm_vZw BZy \qämnse blqZ·mÀ¡nSbnÂ cp sNbvXsX¶ Xs³d XXzw {]Ncn¸n¡phm³ thnbmWv
Xcw thZ{KÙ§Ä {]Nmc¯nepmbncp¶p. ]ekvXo\mbn eqt¡mkns³d kphntijhpw ]utemkns³d ]¯p teJ\
se blqZÀ F{_mb`mjbnepÅ ]gb\nba]pkvXI§fmWv §fpw Iq«nt¨À¯v amÀkntbm¬ Hcp thZ]pkvXIapm¡n
D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. F¶mÂ tdmam km{amPy¯ns³d CXc`mK bXv. "km¯ms³d BZyPmX³' F¶v {InkvXpaXhnizmknIÄ
§fnÂ Pohn¨ncp¶ blqZ·mÀ AeIvkm¬{U-nbbnÂ sh¨p hnfn¡p¶ amÀkntbm¬ BWv BZys¯ Imt\m\ns³d IÀ
hnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸« sk]väPn³dv (Septagint) F¶ ]gb\nb ¯msh¶p kmcw.
a]pkvXI§fpsS {Ko¡v ]cn`mjbmWv D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. Cu {Ko¡p ss__nfns³d Gähpw ]pcmX\amb ssIsbgp¯p
cv ]gb \nba{]XnIfpw X½nÂ kmcamb Hcp Aćapm {]Xnbmb tImUIvkv knss\än¡kv cq]saSp¯Xv {InkvXm
bncp¶p. It¯men¡À D¯c Imt\m\nI{KÙ§sf¶p hnfn _vZw \memw iXI¯nemsW¶v ]dªphtÃm. CXnÂ _ÀW
¡p¶ {KÙ§Ä IqSn sk]väPn³dv {]XnbnÂ Dmbncp¶p. _mkns³d teJ\w, slÀamkns³d CSb³ F¶o teJ\§Ä
F¶mÂ {InkvXm_vZw 80\pw 100\panS¡v \S¶ blqZ dºnam IqSn ]pXnb \nbat¯msSm¸aps¶ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kv
cpsS bmav\nbm kt½f\¯nÂ sh¨v F{_mb `mjbnepÅ XmhyamWv. {InkvXm_vZw \memw \qämnÂ t]mepw GsXÃmw
{KÙ§fmWv ]pXnb \nba¯nÂ DÄs¸Spt¯Xv F¶ 4. F{km

Imcy¯nÂ Ańaamb Hcp Xocpam\apmbncp¶nsÃ¶mW F{kmbpsS {Ko¡v shfn]mSv
tÃm CXp ImWn¡p¶Xv. F{kmbpsS ZÀi\w
Dt]£n¡s¸« {KÙ§Ä F{kmbpsS tNmZy§Ä
]gb \nba¯nepw ]pXnb \nba¯nepw BZyIme¯v DÄ F{kmbpsS shfn]mSv
s¸Sp¯s¸«ncp¶hbpw ]n¶oSv Dt]£n¡s¸«Xpamb A\h[n
]pkvXI§fps¶v ]dªphtÃm. Cu ]pkvXI§fnÂ sk{Zm¡ns³d shfn]mSv
It¯men¡m ss__nfns³d ]gb\nba¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯s¸ 2. _mdq¡ns³d kndnb³ shfn]mSv
«n«pÅ {KÙ§sf It¯men¡À D¯c Imt\m\nI {KÙ§sf 3. _mdq¡ns³d {Ko¡v shfn]mSv
¶mWv hnfn¡p¶sX¦nepw s]mXpsh At¸m{In^ F¶ t]cn A{_lmans³d shfn]mSv
emWv Ah Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. "Hfn¨psh¡s¸«Xv', "\nKq-Vam BZmans³d shfn]mSv
bXv' F¶n§s\bmWv At¸m{In-^sb¶ {Ko¡p]Z¯n\À°w.
FenPmbpsS shfn]mSv
kyqUn]n{Km^
Zm\ntbens³d shfn]mSv
It¯men¡m ss__nfns³d `mKamb GXm\pw Nne At¸m
{In^m {KÙ§sf¡qSmsX, BZyImes¯ blqZ·mcpw {Inkv ]{´v ]m{XnbmÀ¡okp-amcpsS \nbaw
Xym\nIfpw D]tbmKn¡pIbpw ]n¶oSv Imt\m\nÂ DÄs¸Sp tPm_ns³d \nbaw
¯mXncn¡pIbpw sNbvX H«\h[n {K\vY§fpv. Chsb kyq aq¶v ]m{XnbmÀ¡okpamcpsS \nbaw
Un]n{Km^ (Pseudepigrapha) F¶p ]dbp¶p. Cu hn`mK¯nÂ A{_mlmans³d \nbaw
s]« Adp]¯t©mfw ]pkvXI§fpmbncp¶psh¶v a\Ên CkvlmJns³d \nbaw
em¡m³ Ignªn«pv. ChbnÂ \n¶v ]pXnb \nbateJ\§
fnÂ D²cn¡s¸«n«pv. AXpsImpXs¶ ChbnÂ NnesX¦n bmt¡m_ns³d \nbaw
epw BZyIme ss{IkvXhÀ sshZnI{KÙambn ]cnKWn¨ncp¶ tamsibpsS \nbaw
hbmsW¶v a\Ênem¡mw. kyqUn]n{Km^bmbn ]WnKWn¡ tkmfas³d \nbaw
s¸Sp¶ {K\vY§Ä Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv : AcnkvXnbmkns³d I¯v
1. Ft\m¡ns³d FtXym]y³ shfn]mSv Pq_nenIÄ
2. Ft\m¡ns³d ÉmthmWnIv shfn]mSv sbi¿mhns³d cIvXkm£nXzhpw BtcmlWhpw
3. Ft\m¡ns³d ln{_p shfn]mSv tbmk^pw Ask\¯pw
kn_nÃnb\ns³d Acpf¸mSpIÄ BZmans³dbpw lÆbpsSbpw PohnXw
tians³d {]_Ôw Ir{Xna ^ntem
Fsk¡ntbens³d At¸m{In^ {]hmNI·mcpsS PohnXw
sk-^\ymhns³d shfn]mSv bmt¡m_ns³d tImWn
4. _mdq¡v ZWvUw sh¨p kzoIcn¡s¸Sm³ AÀlamIpI? At¸mÄ {KÙ

sP¶pIfpw tPw_dpIfpw Imc·msc¡pdn¨ APvRX am{XaÃ Cu ]pkvXI§Ä Imt\m
sd¡mss_äpIfpsS Ncn{Xw \nIambn kzoIcn¡p¶XnÂ \n¶v dºnamscbpw k`sbbpw XS
ªp\nÀ¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. AXn\v ImcWw asäs´ms¡tbm
AlnIzmÀ BWv. Hgnhm¡s¸« Cu {K\vY§fnÂ dºnamcptSbpw k`bp
3. a¡m_mbÀ sSbpw CNvOIÄ¡pw hnizmk§Ä¡psaXnsc ]eXpw Dmbn
4. a¡m_mbÀ cn¡m\nSbpv. AXmbncn¡mw Nnet¸mÄ Cu {KÙ§sf Xnc
Ir{Xna t^mksseUpIÄ kvIcn¡p¶Xnte¡v Ahsc \bn¨sX¶v \ymbambpw Duln
¡mhp¶XmWv.
kndnb³ sa\m³UdpsS hmNI§Ä
At{¸m{In^
ZmhoZns³d IqSpXÂ k¦oÀ¯\§Ä
]pXnb \nba¯nÂ \n¶pw XnckvIcn¡s¸« H«\h[n {KÙ
sa\mtÊlns³d {]mÀ°\ §fpv. \mepw A©pw \qämpIfnÂ {]Nmc¯nepmbncp¶
tkmfas³d k¦oÀ¯\§Ä sX¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶ tImUIvkpIfnÂ an¡Xnepw C¶v D]tbm
bh\ kn\tKmKÂ {]mÀ°\ Kn¡s¸Sp¶ ]pXnb \nba¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯m¯ H¶ne[nIw
tbmk^ns³d {]mÀ°\ ]pkvXI§Ä DÄs¡mÅn¡s¸«ncp¶psh¶mWv a\Ênem¡m
bmt¡m_ns³d {]mÀ°\ ³ Ignbp¶Xv. Iptdtbsd teJ\§fpw kphntij§fpsaÃmw
]pXnb\nba¯nÂ \n¶v \o¡w sN¿s¸«n«pv. Chsb "At¸m
tkmfas³d AÀ¨\mem] Imhyw {In^m'sb¶mWv hnfn¡p¶Xv. ]pXnb \nba¯nse At¸m{In
kyqUn]n{Km^sb¶ {Ko¡p]Z¯n\v "tasegp¯pIÄ hymP ÎÄ Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.
amb tcJIÄ' F¶mWÀ°w. _n.kn.aq¶mw \qämnsâbpw ]t{Xmkns³d kphntijw
{InkvXm_vZw cmw \qämnsâbpw CSbnÂ cNn¡s¸«sX¶v \nt¡mZakns³d kphntijw
IcpXs¸Sp¶ ChbpsS cNbnXm¡fmbn tcJs¸Sp¯s¸«ncn
¡p¶ t]cpIÄ hymPamsW¶Xn\memWv Chbv¡v "kyqUn s\tkmdnb·mcpsS kphntijw
]n{Km^'sb¶ t]cp hoWXv. ]gb \nba Imt\m\nÂ \n¶v F_ntbmssWäpIfpsS kphntijw
Chsb Hgnhm¡nbXv F´psImmsW¶ tNmZy¯n\v hyIvX F{_mbcpsS kphntijw
amb adp]SnIsfm¶pw Xs¶ ]dbm\nsÃ¶XmWv hmkvXhw. CuPn]vXy³amcpsS kphntijw
ChbpsS cNbnXm¡Ä APvRmXcmsW¶ ImcWamWv ]e tXmakns³d kphntijw
t¸mgpw ]dbs¸SmdpÅXv. ss__nfns³d Hcp ]pkvXI¯ns³d ^nen¸ns³d kphntijw
t]mepw cNbnXmhv BcmsW¶v JWvUnXambn ]dbm³ km[y
aÃ F¶ hkvXpX \mw ap¼v a\Ênem¡nbn«pv. kyqUn]n{Km adnbbpsS kphntijw
^bnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯s¸« {KÙ§Ä ]gb\nbaImt\m\nÂ _ÀW_mkns³d kphntijw
kzoIcn¡m¯Xn\v ImcWw AhbpsS {K\vYImc·msc¡pdn¨p bmt¡m_ns³d BZnakphntijw
Å APvRXbmsW¦nÂ ss__nfnse GXp`mKamWv Cu am\ tXmakns³d ssiih kphntijw
tbml¶ms³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä \nba{KÙ§fpw cNn¡s¸« Imet¯m AXn\p apt¼m cNn¡

]t{Xmkns³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä s¸«hbmWv. F¶n«pw F´psImv Cu {KÙ§sf- ]pXnb\n
]utemkns³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä ba¯ns³d Imt\m\nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯n-bnÃ F¶ tNmZyw D¯c
anÃmsX XpScpIbmWv. ChbnÂ ]eXpw BZyIme {InkvXym
Bt{´mkns³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä \nIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw AhbnÂ \n¶pw X§fpsS hnizmk{]
tXmakns³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä amW§Ä cq]s¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. {InkvXm_vZw 325þ
a°nbmkns³dbpw Bt{´mkns³dbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä Â tNÀ¶ \nJnbm Iu¬knemWv Cu {KÙ§fnÂ an¡Xnt\
^nen¸nbpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä bpwþ tbiphns³d ZnhyXzawKoIcn¡m¯ kIetcJIsfbpw
XmUvSbqkns³d {]hÀ¯\§Ä \in¸n¡phm³ Xocpam\n¨Xv. F¶n«pw Nne {KÙ§sf¦nepw
ss{IkvXh a\ÊpIfnÂ \ne\n¶ncp¶p. ]Xn\mdmw \qämnÂ
]t{Xmkns³dbpw ]utemkns³dbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¶ s{Xt´mkv kp\ltZmkmWv C¡mcy¯nÂ Ańa XoÀ
]t{Xmkns³dbpw Bt{´mkns³dbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä ¸v IÂ¸n¨Xv. 1546 G{]nÂ F«mw XobXn \S¶ kp\ltZmkn
a¯mbnbpsS cIvXkm£nXzw s³d \memw kt½f\w "Imt\m\nI {KÙ§sf¡pdn¨v' (De
]t{Xmkns³d bh\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä Canonicis Scripturis) F¶ Un{InbneqsS ]gb\nba¯nÂ 45Dw
3. sImcnýÀ ]pXnb \nba¯nÂ 27Dw ]pkvXI§fmWpÅsX¶ Imcyw
hnizmkkXyambn {]Jym]n¨p. {]kvXpX Un{InbmWv It¯m
emthmUnjy·mÀ¡pÅ teJ\w en¡sc kw_\v[n¨nSt¯mfw thZ]pkvXIs¯ kw_\v[n¨
]utemkns³dbpw sk\¡bptSbpw I¯pIÄ Ahkm\s¯ hm¡v. s{]m«kvä³dpImcmhs«, s{Xt´mkv
tbiphns³dbpw A_vKmdns³dbpw I¯pIÄ kp\ltZmkns³d Xocpam\w apJhnes¡Sp¡pIbpw F¶mÂ
se³Xpeqkns³d I¯v D¯c Imt\m\nI {KÙ§sf AwKoIcn¡msX ]gb \nba¯n
ssSäkns³d teJ\w Â 39 ]pkvXI§sf am{Xw kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
]t{Xmkns³d shfn]mSv hnip²·mcpsS t]cnÂ aäp ]ecpw FgpXnb {KÙ§fmWv
]gb\nba¯nepw ]pXnb\nba¯nepw \ne \nÂ¡p¶sX¶
]t{Xmkns³d tIm]vänIv shfn]mSv hkvXpX ]WvUnX·mscÃmw AwKoIcn¨p Ignªn«pv. ssZ
]utemkns³d shfn]mSv hw {]hmNI·mÀ¡v \ÂInb thZ{KÙ§fnÂ \n¶pÅ D²cn
sPbnwkns³d H¶mw shfn]mSv WnIÄ DÄs¡mÅp¶hbmWv Cu ]pkvXI§fne[nIhpsa¶
sPbnwkns³d cmw shfn]mSv XmWv kXyw. ss__nfnse Hcp ]pkvXIhpw ]qÀWambn ssZ
tbml¶ms³d At¸m{In^ hnI{KÙsa¶v ]dbm³ IgnbnsÃ¦nepw Nne ]pkvXI§fnse
Ãmw ssZhnI{KÙ§fpsS `mK§Ä DÄs¡mÅp ¶pmhWw.
tbip{InkvXphns³d IpXÀ¡w Cu s]mXp[mcWbnÂ "kyqsU]n{Km^'bpw "At¸m{In-^'bp
]t{Xmkv ^nen¸ns\gpXnb I¯v saÃmw aäp ss__nÄ {KÙ§tfmsSm¸w \nÂ¡p¶hbmWv.
adnb¯ns³d shfn]mSv AXpsImp Xs¶ C¶p \ne\nÂ¡p¶ ss__nÄ {KÙ§
Cu ]pkvXI§fnÂ an¡hbpw kphntij§fpw aäp ]pXnb fnÂ ImWs¸Sm¯ ssZhnI {KÙ§fnse `mK§Ä Cu
hn`mK§fnÂs¸Sp¯n Hgnhm¡nb `mK§fnepmbncn¡mw.

Ah X§fpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡v hncp²amb Bib§fpÄ
s¡mÅp¶hbmbXn\membncn¡mw BZyw- blqZdºnamcpw
]ns¶ ss{IkvXh]utcmlnXyhpw- Cu ]pkvXI§sf Imt\m
\n\p ]pd¯p \nÀ¯nbXv. {]hmNI·mÀ¡v AhXcn¸n¡s¸«
ssZhnI {KÙ§fpsS Bib§sf´mbncp¶psh¶v Hcp [mc
Wsb¦nepapm¡Wsa¦nÂ ]pdwXÅs¸« ]pkvXI§fnse
Bib§fpw kzoIcn¡s¸« {KÙ§fnse Bib§fpw
X½nÂ XmcXay¯n\v hnt[bam¡saW¶v kmcw. A\p-_Ôw 13
tbiphnsâ amXr-I
kz´w tXm¶n-hmk-§sf \ymbo-Ic- n-¡m-\mbn {]hm-NI IY-

\-§sf blqZ dºn-amÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh-¶mWv ]gb \nb-
a-¯nÂ \n¶v a\-Ên-em-hp-¶p-Xv. aZy-]n-¡p¶ t\mlpw ]p{X-am-
cp-ambn ibn-¡p¶ tem¯pw A\y-kv{Xo-If- p-ambn InS]-¸d ]¦n-
Sp¶ Zmho-Z-p-ap-m-bXv A§-s\-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. X§fpsS CjvS
§Ä¡\pkcn¨v alm·msc hymJym\n¡p¶ {]hWX blqZ
dºnamcnÂ \n¶v kphntij \nÀamXm¡fnte¡pw ]IÀ¶Xm
bn ImWm³ Ignbpw.- C{kmboens³d c£I\mbn {InkvXphn
s\ AhXcn¸n¡p¶ kphntij§Ä, ]t£, Hcp kap²mcI\v
Dmbncn¡m³ ]mSnÃm¯ Imcy§Ä At±l¯nÂ Btcm
]n¡p¶p. £n{]tIm]nbpw amXr_lpam\anÃm¯h\pamb Hcm
fpsS Nn{XamWv {InkvXphnt³dXmbn kphntijI·mÀ hc¨p
ImWn¡p¶Xv.
amXr_lpam\anÃm¯ tbip
{kjvSmhns\ IgnªmÂ ]ns¶ Gähpa[nIw BZcnt¡
Xv amXm]nXm¡sfbmsW¶mWv {]hmNI·mÀ ]Tn¸n¨Xv.
kz´w amXmhns\ "kv{Xotb'sb¶v kwt_m[\ sN¿p¶ hyIv
Xn Bcmbncp¶mepw amXrkvt\lw sXm«pXom¯h\msW
¶mWv kmam\y_p²nbpsS hn[n. Keoenbnse IÃymW hncp¶n
Â sh¨v {InkvXp Xs¶ s\m´p {]khn¨ kz´w amXmhmb
adnbtbmSv ]dbp¶Xmbn tbml¶m³ D²cn¡p¶p: " kv{Xotb,
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 282 tbiphnsâ amXr-I 283
F\n¡pw \n\¡pw F´v? Fs³d kabw C\nbpw Bbn«nÃ' A`nkwt_m[\IÄ {i²n¡pI. "tl..... AWen k´XnItf....
(tbml¶m³ 2:5). Hcp kap²mcI³ ]dbp¶ hm¡pIfmWv (a¯mbn 12:34), "ZpjvShpw AhnizkvXhpamb Xeapd....'
CsX¶p hnizkn¡pI h¿. Ipcninteäs¸«v InS¡p¶ (!) (a¯mbn 12:39), "\n§Ä \n§fpsS ]nXmhmb ]nimNnÂ \n¶p
kz]p{Xs\ kµÀin¡m³ sN¶t¸mgpw B amXmhv A]am\n¡ ÅhÀ...' (tbml¶m³ 8:44).
s¸SpIbmWv DmbXv. "tbip A½tbmSv ]dªp: "kv{Xosb Hcp {]hmNI³ C{X¡v AklnjvWphmIptam? {]t_m[nX
CXm \ns³d aI³!' (tbml¶m³ 19:26). kaqls¯ AWen k´XnIsf¶pw ZpjvSsc¶pw A`nkw
aZyw hnf¼p¶ {InkvXp t_m[\ sNbvXpsImpÅ Hcp {]t_m[\coXn Hcp alm{]hm
{]hmNI·mcnÂ apgph³ blqZ dºnamÀ Btcm]n¡p¶ NI\v A\ptbmPyamtWm? AsÃ¶mWv kmam\y_p²n ]dbp
Zp:kz`mhamWv aZy]m\w. aZy]n¨v a¯cmhpIbpw kz]p{Xnam ¶sX¦nepw kphntij§fnse tbip A¯c¯nepÅbm
tcmsSm¯v ibn¡pIbpsaÃmw sNbvXhcmbn«mWv {]hmNI·m fmWv.
sc ]gb\nbaw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶sX¦nÂ kz´w ZnhyXzap]p £n{]tIm]nbmb aninl
tbmKn¨v(?) P\§Äs¡Ãmw aZyapm¡ns¡mSp¯h\mbn«m alm\mb tbiphns\ £n{]tIm]nbmbn Nn{XoIcn¨psIm
Wv tbml¶ms³d kphntijw {InkvXphns\ AhXcn¸n¡p¶ pÅ IYIÄ kphntij§fnepv. At±lw Pdpitew tZhm
Xv. tbml¶m³ am{Xw D²cn¡p¶ Im\mbnse IÃymW hncp¶nÂ eb¯nÂ {]thin¨v AhnsS {Ibhn{Ibw \S¯nbncp¶ Bfp
sh¨p \S¶Xmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶ AXv`pXw ]¨shÅs¯ Isf Nm«sImv ASn¨p ]pd¯m¡p¶ cwKw hmbn¨mÂ Xs¶
hoªm¡n amänbXmWv. Keoenbbnse Im\mbnÂ \S¶ hnhm tbip £n{]tIm]nbmbncp¶psh¶v tXm¶pw (tbml¶m³ 2:
lkÂ¡mc¯nÂ hnf¼ns¡mncp¶ hoªv XoÀ¶pt]mbn. 13þ17). IÀ¯mhns³d Beb¯nÂ sh¨v I¨hSw sNbvXncp¶
CXdnªv tbip AhnsSbpmbncp¶ IÂ`cWnIfnÂ ]¨sh hsc D]tZin¡pItbm Xm¡oXv \ÂIpItbm sN¿msX ASn¨p
Åw \nd¡m³ ]dªp. {]kvXpX shÅw AXnYnIÄ¡v ]IÀ ]pd¯m¡p¶ coXn Hcp {]hmNIt³dXÃ; £n{]tIm]nbptSXm
¶psImSp¡m³ tbip IÂ]n¨p. AXnYnIÄ hoªmbn¯oÀ¶ Wv. CXpt]mse¯s¶bmWv A¯nacs¯ DW¡nb IYbpw.
shÅw IpSn¨p kwXr]vXcmbn. Iehd¡mc³ aWhmfs\ hnfn t]tY\nbmbnÂ \n¶pÅ bm{Xmat[y tbiphn\p hni¶t¸mÄ
¨p]dªp. "FÃmhcpw \Ã hoªv BZyw hnf¼p¶p; BfpIÄ Zqsc I CeIÄ \ndª Hcp A¯nac¯n\Spt¯¡v A¯n
btYjvSw IpSn¨Xn\v tijw hocyw Ipdª hoªpw. F¶mÂ ¸gw Xn¶m\mbn At±lw sN¶p. AXv A¯n¸gapmhp¶
\o CtXhsc \Ã hoªp kq£n¨psh¨phtÃm' (tbml¶m³ ImeaÃmXncp¶Xn\mÂ AXnt·Â CeIfÃmsX asäm¶pw
2:9). P\§Ä¡v aZyapm¡ns¡mSp¯h\mbn {InkvXphns\ At±lw InÃ. DS³ Xs¶ tIm]njvT\mbn At±lw ]dªp:
AhXcn¸n¨v aZy]m\w \nbahnt[bam¡phm\pÅ {ia¯ns³d "Bcpw Hcn¡epw \ns³d êw `£n¡mXncn¡s«!' (aÀt¡mkv
`mKambmWv tbml¶m³ kphntij¯nse Cu "AXv`pXw' 11:14). XÂ£Ww B A¯nacw hmSn¡cnªpt]mbn (a¯mbn
\nÀan¡s¸«ncn¡p¶sX¶mWv a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. Cu 21:19). ]mhw A¯nacw! AXnt³dXÃm¯ Ipä¯n\v in£n¡
AXv`pXw tbml¶m\Ãm¯ kphntijIscm¶pw Adnªn«n s¸«p. ChnsSbpw £n{]tIm]nbmb {InkvXphns\bmWv \ap¡v
sÃ¶ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv. ImWm³ Ignbp¶Xv. {InkvXphns\ ssZhambn AwKoIcn¡p¶
AklnjvWphmb {]t_m[I³ hÀ F§s\bmWv Cu hN\§sf hymJym\n¡pI? A¯nac
Xosc klnjvWpXbnÃm¯ hyIvXnbmbmWv kphntij§ ¯ns³d êZmbI kabw t]mepw Adnbm¯ "ssZh]p{X³'
Ä {InkvXphns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. At±l¯ns³d Nne Xs³d Ipä¯n\v A¯nsb in£n¨ sshcp²ys¯ F{X
hymJym\n¨mepw shÅ ]qim\mInsÃ¶pd¸mWv.

hnip² JpÀB³ tbiphns³d ZnhyXzw AwKoIcn¡p¶nsÃ
¦nepw aäp {]hmNI·msc t]mse ]cnip²\mWv At±lsa¶
Imcyw kphyIvXambn {]kvXmhn¡p¶pv. "kIcn¿m, blvbm,
Cukm, CÂbmkv F¶nhscbpw (t\Àhgnbnem¡n) AhscÃmw
kÖ\§fnÂs¸«hcs{X'(6:85). JpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶
Cukm \_n(u) amXmhnt\mSv \Ã coXnbnÂ hÀ¯n¨ Bfm
bncp¶p; aZy]t\m aZy]m\w t{]mXvkmln¸n¨bmtfm £n{]
tIm]ntbm Bbncp¶nÃ. At±lw ]cnip²\mb Hcp {]hmNI A\p-_Ôw 14
\mbncp¶p. C{kmCueycnte¡v Ab¡s¸« ]cnip²{]hm ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-§fpw tbip-hpw
NI³.
AXpsImv IÀ¯mhpXs¶ \n§Ä¡v HcSbmfw Xcpw.

I\yI KÀ`nWnbmbn Hcp aIs\ {]khn¡pw. Ahs\ C½m\p
thÂ F¶p t]À hnfn¡pw' sbi¿mhv 8:14.
{InkvXphn\v GItZiw F«p \qämpIÄ¡v ap¼v Pohn¨n
cp¶ sbi¿m {]hmNIs³d ]e {]hN\§fnsem¶mWnXv.
Cu {]hN\w tbiphnÂ ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«psh¶mWv a¯mbn
AhImis¸Sp¶Xv . a¯mbnbpsS kphntijsagpXnbXv
At¸mkvXe\mb a¯mbnbmtWm AtÃsb¶ hnjb¯nÂ
ss__nÄ ]WvUnX·mÀ¡nSbnÂ A`n{]mbhyXymkaps¦n
epw. "a¯mbn'bpsS IÀ¯mhv Hcp blqZ\mbncp¶psh¶ Imcy
¯nÂ ]£mćsam¶panÃ. At±lw Xs³d kphntijcN\
\nÀhln¡p¶XpXs¶ blqZÀ¡v tbiphns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p
¶Xn\p thnbmWv. blqZ·mÀ Im¯ncp¶ncp¶ c£I\mWv
tbipsh¶v kvYm]n¡phm\mWv At±lw {ian¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
{]kvXpX BhiymÀYw ]gb \nba¯nÂ \n¶v \mÂ]tXmfw
hN\§fp²cn¨v {]kvXpX hN\§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWw tbip
hneqsSbmWpmbn«pÅsX¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡m³ hyXykvX
kµÀ`§fnÂ At±lw {ian¡p¶pv. At±lw D²cn¡p¶
]gb \nba{]hN\§fne[nIhpw bYmÀY¯nÂ {InkvXphns\
¡pdn¨pÅXÃ; F¦nepw kµÀ`¯nÂ \n¶v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯p
sImv {]hN\§Ä AhXcn¸n¨v tbiphns³d PohnX¯nse
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 286 ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-§fpw tbip-hpw 287
kw`h§sfÃmw ]gb \nba¯nÂ {]hNn¨XmsW¶v hcp¯n Cu {]kvXmh\ Hcp {InkvXpaX hntcm[nbptSXsÃt¶mÀ

¯oÀ¡m³ a¯mbn InWªp ]cn{ian¡p¶pv. {InkvXphn ¡Ww. ss{IkvXhcmÂ BZcn¡s¸Sp¶ {]KXv`\msbmcp
s³d P\\s¯¸än F®qdpsImÃ§Ä¡pap¼pXs¶ {]hNn¡ ss__nÄ ]WvUnXs³d hm¡pIfmWnXv. sbi¿mhns³d \tS
s¸«n«ps\v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡m³ thnbmWv sbi¿mhv F«mw kqNn¸n¨ {]hN\{]ImcapÅ C½m\pthens³d P\\w tbip
A[ymb¯nse ]Xn\memw hN\w AtXt]mse a¯mbn hn\v Ggp\qämpIÄ¡v ap¼v Xs¶ Ignªn«ps¶mWtÃm
H¶mw A[ymb¯nse Ccp]¯naq¶mw hN\¯nÂ D²cn¨n CXnÂ a\Ênemt¡Xv. C¡mcyw Ipsd¡qSn hyIvXambn
cn¡p¶Xv. a\Ênem¡m³ sbi¿mhns³d ]pkvXI¯nse Ggpw F«pw
Cu hN\w (sbi 8:14) {InkvXphns³d P\\s¯¡pdn¨v A[ymb§Ä H¶p a\Êncp¯n hmbn¨mÂ aXn. AXnÂ {]h
{]hN\apÄs¡mÅp¶nsÃ¶pw, sbi¿m {]hmNIs³d Ime Nn¨ncn¡p¶Xv tbipsh kw_\v[n¨sÃ¶v \ap¡v kpXcmw
¯pXs¶ ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸« Hcp {]hN\amWnsX¶pw A`n hyIvXamhpw. Nne hN\§Ä t\m¡pI:
{]mbs¸Sp¶ ]WvUnX·mcpv. ss__nÄ ]WvUnX\mb dh. "AXpsImv IÀ¯mhpXs¶ \n§Ä¡v Hcp ASbmfw
F.kn. t¢boä³ FgpXp¶Xp ImWpI: "sbi¿mhv, aiolbm Xcpw. Imepw, I\yI KÀ`nWnbmbn Hcp ]p{Xs\ {]khn
Ip¶ tbip{InkvXp Xs³d P\§sf c£n¡p¶Xn\p thn ¡pw. Ahs\ C½m\pthÂ F¶v t]Àhnfn¡pw. Xn· XnckvIcn
hcpsa¶dnbn¨psh¶mWv ]ecpsSbpw A`n{]mbw. F¶mÂ ¡m\pw \· sXcsªSp¡m\pw AdnhmIpt¼mÄ Ah³ tX\pw
A¡me Ncn{Xs¯ ]cnNn´\w sN¿pt¼mÄ {In.ap 735þÂ ssXcpw `£n¡pw. Xn· XnckvIcn¡phm\pw \· sXcsªSp
kpdnb cmPmhpw bn{ktbÂ cmPmhpw Blmkv F¶ blqZ ¡m\pw B iniphn\v AdnhpmIp¶Xn\p ap¼pXs¶ \o `b
cmPmhn\v hntcm[ambn Iq«psI«pm¡n F¶pw Blmkv CXn s¸Sp¶ B cv cmPm¡·mcpsSbpw tZiw ]cnXyIvXamhpw.
s\ `b¶p Xs³d cmPy¯n\p tZmjImc\mb ]qÂ F¶ AÈqÀ F{^mbnw blqZmbnÂ\n¶pw \ns³d P\\¯n\pw \ns³d
cmPmhnt\mSpXs¶ kJyw sNbvXp F¶pw P\§Ä AXy[nIw ]nXr`h\¯n\pw IÀ¯mhv Dm¡pw. Ah³ Akodnb cmPm
`b]chicmbncn¡p¶p F¶pw sbi¿m {]hmNI³ Adnªn«v hns\ sImphcpw' (sbi¿mhv: 7:14þ17.-)
(2 cmPm 16:6) Cu `bsaÃmw \o§p¶Xn\mbn At¸mÄ P\n¡m "CXm alm\Znbnse Icpt¯dnb h¼n¨ Pecminsb AXm
³ t]mIp¶ Hcp _me³ tX³ apXembh `£n¡m³ Adnhp bXv kÀh{]Xm]§tfmSpw IqSn Akodnb cmPmhns\, IÀ¯m
mIp¶Xn\v ap¼v AXmbXv A©v hbÊmIp¶Xn\p ap¼vþ hv AhcpsS t\sc sImphcp¶p. tXmSpIsfÃmw \ndªv
kpdnbmbpw C{kmbnÂ cmPyhpw Pbn¡s¸Spsa¶v {]hNn¨p. IcIhnªv AXv HgpIpw. AXv blqZmbnte¡v ]mªp Ibdn
C{]Imcw Cu ASbmf¯mÂ {]hmNI³ Ahsc Bizkn¸n IcIhnsªmgpIn Igp¯äw DbÀ¶pIS¶pt]mIpw. AÃtbm
¨psh¦nepw AbmÄ AÈqcycmÂ ]cmPnX\m¡s¸Spsa¶pw C½m\pthte, AXns³d hnSÀ¯n¸nSn¨ NndIpIÄ \ns³d
(sbi 8:8) asämcp hmIyw sImpw {]kvXmhn¨p. blqZ·mÀ tZis¯ apgph³ aqSpw' (sbi¿mhv: 8:7,8).-
{]hmk¯nÂ\n¶pw aS§nh¶ tijw Cu cp {]hN\§ Cu hN\§Ä tbiphÃ C½m\pthse¶ hkvXpX hyIvX
sfbpw btYjvSw Iq«n¡eÀ¯n X§fpsS tZi¯n\mbn anin am¡p¶Xn\v XoÀ¯pw ]cym]vXamWv. Xmsg ]dbp¶ Imcy
lm hcpsa¶pw Ah³ XMÄ¡pthn IjvSX A\p`hn¡p §Ä {i²n¡pI.
sa¶pw hnizkn¨p. C½m\pthens\ c£nXmsh¶p hnNmcn¨p. 1. sbi¿mhns³d {]hN\¯nÂ "Ah³ C½m\pthÂ F¶p
BZy {InkvXym\nIfpw A§s\Xs¶ hnNmcn¨p' (dh. F.kn. hnfn¡s¸Spw' F¶mWpÅXv. tbip Xs³d PohnX¯nsemcn¡
s¢bvä³. ss__nÄ \nLp ]pdw 56, 57.-) epw Bcmepw þIpSpw_¡mcmtem Iq«mcmtem A\pbmbnIfm
ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw 288 ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-§fpw tbip-hpw 289
tem ssZh¯mtem H¶pw Xs¶ C½m\pthÂ F¶v hnfn¡ I\yI (AhnhmlnX) Xs¶bmbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_\v[ansÃ
s¸«n«nÃ. ¶v a\Ênem¡mw.
2. "Xn· XnckvIcn¡m\pw \· sXcsªSp¡m\pw {]mbam C{Xbpw ]dªXnÂ\n¶v bYmÀY¯nÂ sbi¿m {]hmN
Ipt¼mÄ Ah³ (C½m\pthÂ) ssXcpw tX\pw `£n¡pw' I³ ZoÀLZÀi\w sNbvXXv tbiphns\ kw_\v[n¨sÃ¶v
F¶ {]hN\w tbiphns³d Imcy¯nÂ ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶ hyIvXambtÃm. ]gb \nb-a-¯nÂ tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn¨v \nc-h[n
Xn\v kphntij§fnÂ bmsXmcp sXfnhpanÃ. {]h-N\ - §
- f- p-s¶v kphn-ti-jI - ³amÀ hmZn-¡m-dp-v. ]e ]gb
3. "Xn· XnckvIcn¡phm\pw \· sXcsªSp¡phm\pw B \nba ]cm-aÀi-§t- fbpw kµÀ`-¯nÂ \n¶v ASÀ¯n hyJym\n
iniphn\v AdnhpmIp¶Xn\p ap¼pXs¶ \o `bs¸Sp¶ B ¨pw hf-s¨m-Sn-¨pw-sIm-mWv Ah tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨m-sW¶v
cv cmPm¡·mcpsSbpw (kndnb cmPmhns³dbpw C{kmbnÂ hcp-¯n-¯oÀ¡m³ {ian-¡m-dp-ÅX - v. tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]gb
cmPmhns³dbpw) tZiw ]cyIvXamhpw' F¶ {]hN\w {InkvXp \nba {]h-N\ - §- Ä hnh-cn-¡p¶ ]pkvXI - §
- s- fÃmw H¶m-aX- mbn
hns³d Imehpambn Xosc tbmPn¨XÃ. Cu kw`hw tbiphn\v ]c-amÀin-¡p¶ {]h-N-\-amWv \tS D²-cn¨ bi-¿m-hnsâ {]hN-
Ggp \qämpIÄ¡p ap¼v \S¶XmsW¶mWv Ncn{X¯nÂ \w. CXv tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn¨ {]h-N\w Xs¶-bm-sW¶v hcp-¯n-
\n¶v a\Ênemhp¶Xv. ¯oÀ¡m³ kphn-tij IÀ¯m-hmb a¯mbn Xs¶ {ian-¡p¶p-
4. "C½m\pthte, AXns³d (Akndnb cmPmhns³d) hnSÀ ap-v. tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å-Xm-sW¶v hmZn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ aäp ]e
¯n¸nS¨ NndIpIÄ \ns³d tZis¯ apgph³ aqSpw' F¶ {]h-N-\-§fpw ]nÂ¡me {KÙ-IÀ¯m-¡-fpsS Kth-j-W-êw
{]hN\ {]ImcapÅ ]cmPbw tbiphns³d tZi¯n\v Dmb am{X-am-Wv. ]pXnb \nb-a-¯nsâ kÀ«n-^n-¡-äpÅ ]gb \nba
Xmbn kphntij§tfm Ncn{X{K\vY§tfm hyIvXam¡p¶nÃ. {]h-N-\-amWv bi-¿mhv 7:14 F¶v kmcw. tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ-
{]kvXpX ]cmPbhpw sbi¿m {]hmNIs³d Ime¯pXs¶ Xmbn ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ ]gb \nba {]hNN-\-§-fnÂ ap¶nÂ \nÂ
bmWv \S¶sX¶mWv 2,cmPm¡·mÀ ]Xn\mdmw A[ymb¯nÂ ¡m³ F´p-sImpw tbmKy-amb Cu {]h-N-\-¯nsâ AhØ
\n¶p a\ÊnemIp¶Xv. hfsc ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n. Xm³ Pohn-¡p¶
Cu hkvXpXIfnÂ\n¶v sbi¿m {]hmNIs³d {]hN\ Ime¯v \S¶ Hcp kw`-h-s¯-¡p-dn¨ bi-¿m-hnsâ hnh-c-W-
{]ImcapÅ C½m\pthÂ tbiphsÃ¶v kpXcmw hyIvXamhp s¯- \qäm-p-IÄ Ign-ªv P\n¨ tbip-hn-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å-Xm-Wv-
¶p. am{XhpaÃ, sbi¿mhp ]dª "I\yI' KÀ`nWnbmbn Hcp F-¶p- h-cp-¯n-¯oÀ-¡p-I-bm-Wv- a-¯m-b-n- sN-¿p-¶-Xv.- tb-ip-hn-
aIs\ {]khn¡pw' F¶ hN\s¯ kw_\v[n¨pw A`n{]mb s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å-Xm-sW-¶v- an-j-\-dn-amÀ- A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶- an-¡- ]-
hyXymk§fpv. ChnsS "I\yI'sb¶v ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbncn g-b \n-b-a- {]-h-N-\-§-fp-sS-bpw- A-h-Ø- C-Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv.- {]-
¡p¶Xv Aeoam (Alema)sb¶ ln{_p ]Zs¯bmWv. Cu ]Zw kv-Xp-X- {]-h-N-\-§fpw- tb-ip-Po-hn-X-hpw- X-½nÂ- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[-
s]mXpth hnhml{]mbsa¯nb hnhmlnXbmhm¯ kv{Xosb _-Ô-hp-an-sÃ-¶v- kq-£-a-am-bn- A-]-{K-Yn-¨mÂ- t_m-[y-am-h-pw-.-
bmWv Ipdn¡p¶sX¦nepw ]Z¯ns³d AÀY{]Imcw buh\
{]mbs¯ am{XamWv CXv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. buh\ {]mb¯nep
Å hnhmlnXsb kqNn¸n¡phm\pw Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn¡mdp
v. ]pd¸mSp ]pkvXIw cmw A[ymb¯nse F«mw hN\¯n
Â tamsibpsS amXmhns\ kqNn¸n¡phm³ CtX ]ZamWv D]
tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. CXnÂ\n¶v C½m\pthens³d amXmhv Hcp

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ss_-_n-fn-sâ- ssZ-hn-IX- kwhmZw

tUm.- tPm¬-k¬ kn.- ^n-en-¸v-

H-«-\-h-[n- {In-kv-Xy³- þ a-p-kv-enw- kw-hm-Z-§Ä-¡v- km-£yw-

]p-kv-X-I-cq-]-¯n-em-¡p-hm-\m-bn- kw-hm-Z-¯nÂ- ]-s¦-Sp-¯- tUm.-

Cu- kw-hm-Z¯nÂ- \½Ä- {i²n-t¡­ Nn-e \n-_\v-[\IÄ-

tUm.- tPm¬-k¬ kn.- ^n-en-¸v-

C¶v- Chn-sSbp-Å {^­v-kn-s\ h¶n-§s\ Im-Wp-hm³ -th

sN-¿p-¶-X-v)- A-h-cp-sS- ssI-IÄ- F-gp-Xn-b- h-I-bn-epw- A-h-À- k-¼m-Zn-¡p-¶- h-Ibnepw-

A-dn-ªp-sIm-­v- k-Xy-w- a-d-¨p-sh-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv?-''- (JpÀ-B³- 3:-71)- Xpas{X- A-Xv.''-(JpÀ-B³- 5:-48)-

bn-{km-tbÂ-a-¡Ä- ta-si-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- tam-hm-_v- k-a-`q-an-bnÂ- ap-¸-Xv- Zn-h-kw- I-cªp-

Im¬-sI- ta-m-si- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨- `-b-¦-c- Im-cy-sa-s¡-bpw- hn-Nm-cn-¨mÂ- b-tlm-h- A-`n

Im-cy-¯nÂ- Ckv-em-an-Iamb ho-£Ww.-

B kXym-t\zjn-bp-sS ho£W§fn-eq-sS IS¶p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ-

F{X-t¯mfw AÀ-lXbp-­v- F¶m-Wv- ]n-¶o-Sv- ]cn-tim-[n¡s¸

2.- ""h-cn-I-;- A-¸-\mÂ- k-´-Xn- e-`n-t¡-­-Xn-¶p- A-h-s\- ho-ªp- Ip-Sn-¸n-¨p- A-h-t\mSp-

Ah³ Ahsâ ap¼msI `£n¨p ]m\w sNbvXp; Ah³ Ahs\ el-cn-]n-Sn-¸n¨p;

bmYmÀYyw. (A\p-_Ôw 1 ImWp-I.)

hÀ-Ko-kv- Fw.- kmap-thÂ-

(K-em-¯yÀ- 1:-8)- hm-\pw- \n-s¶- I-Å-s\-¶p- Im-Wp-hm-\pw- C-S-h-c-cp-Xv- (k-Zr-iy-hm-Iy-§Ä- 30:-6)-

A§s\ sNbvXn«p-­m-b-ncp¶psh¦nÂ a¯mbnbpw amÀt¡m Rm³- BZcthmSp IqSn t\m¡n¡­p-. Cu ]pkvXI¯nepÅXp

Imcyw ho­pw BhÀ¯n¡pIbmWv. ]gb \nba ]pkvXI¯n

tPm¬k¬ kn. ^nen¸v

ankväÀ Fw.Fw. AIv_À ]e Imcy§Ä ]dªp. AXns³d

]dªXv ^tdmh F¶ \mas¯¡pdn¨mWv. ^tdmh,- "s]À'-

Hcp {]hN\w t]mepw tbiphns\¡pdn¨v CÃmsb¶v. ChÀ

¦nepw {InkvXphnÂ IrXyambn ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸«p F¶v ]d

Iq«nt¨À¡pItbm sNbvXmÂ Ah³ i]n¡s¸«h\mWv,- AXp

sS hnizmkyXtbm {]hN\§Ä kw`hn¨n«nÃmsb¶tXm Cu §Ä hyà-ambn a\-Ên-em-Ipw. (A-\p-_Ôw 14 ImWp-I.)

bnÃ. AXnÂ ]ecpw ]eXpw sNbvsX¶ncn¡pw. At±l¯ns³d hmZ§sf JWvUn¡phm³ k¶²\mIp¶nÃ

hÀKokv Fw. kmaphÂ

ss__nfns³d ssZhnIXsb¡pdn¨pÅ Cu kwhmZ¯nÂ

A{_lmapw tamsibpw tbiphpw bmt¡m_pw, apl½Zpw (e)

¶m³- 20:- 21þ22)-

hfscb[nIw AÀYh¯mb cq]¯nÂ Hcp ]pXnb DWÀhv

sb¶m-Wv- hn-fn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- Dynasties Dates BC Period Some Royal names

tc-J-s¸-Sp¯-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nicholas Grimal: A History of Ancient Egypt: Blackwell

ktµiw AhXcn¸n¡p¶XnÂ am{Xw {]amZclnXamWv. F¶m

]eXpw `mh\mkrjvSnbmsW¶mWv KthjIÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp

IWs¡Sp¸pambn tbmPn¸n¡pIbmWv eqt¡mkv sNbvXncn¡p ¶ncn¡nepw kphntij {KÙ§fnepÅ Hmtcm ZnhymXv`pXhpw

ss__nfnÂ- {]hN\§fp­mhmsa¶pw Ah ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸

10. tbminbmtbmSpÅ {]hN\w: tbminbm cmPmhnt\mSpw 12. tIm\ymsb¡pdn¨ {]hN\w: sbtlmbm¡oans³d

CXn¶À°w tbiphns³dbpw At¸mkvXe³amcpsSbpsa F¶p \n§Ä {Kln¨psImÅpI. kXyambn Rm³ \n§tfmSp

Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbp¶p: bpKkam]vXnbnse ]p\ÀPohnX

dn-½À,- ""R-§f- p-sS- hn-izm-k¯

]gb \nba¯nse GXm\pw sshcp²y§Ä ImWpI:

aIpS¯ns³d Dbcw aq¶p apgw. Adp\qäncp]s¯«v

Cu c­p kphntij§fnepw {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«n«pÅ tbip

(3:23þ38) tbiphns³d hwimhen sImSp¯n«p­v. c­pt]cpw 12. a°m¯v 28. siabn

Ht¶m ct­m? ¯ Hcp IgpX¡p«nsb sI«nbncn¡p¶Xv ImWmw. AXns\

t­m a\pjy]p{Xs\ HäpsImSp¡p¶Xv' (22:48) F¶mbncp¶p. ss{IkvXhZÀi\¯ns³d \ne\nÂ]v. IpcnipacWw \ntj[n

·mcp­v. Fw.hn.tXmakv FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI: "]ckv]cw

a-¯m-bn- 27:-9,-10.- sIm-¨n-bn-se- `m-c-Xv- ss_-_nÄ- skm-ssk-än- ]p-d-¯n-d-¡n-b-

a- ä- p- ss_-_n-fp-If- nÂ- \n-¶v- hy-Xy-kvX

{]-Im-cw- Cu- sX-äv- ]-cn-ip-²m-Xv-am-hn-\v- kw-`-hn-¨-Xm-Wv.- \qäm-­p-

ss__nÄ FgpXs¸« cq]¯nÂ Xs¶bmWv C¶v \ne\nÂ

ss__nÄ Hcn¡epw Xncp¯s¸«n«nsÃ¶v kvYm]n¡phm\m

{]kwKn¨n«pÅ kphntij¯n\p hncp²ambn {]kwKn¡pIbm cn¡psa¶ Hcp {]Xo£ B kaql¯nÂ \ne\n¶ncps¶¦nepw

kw_\v[n¨ hnhcW¯nÂ a¯mbnbpw eqt¡mkpw X½nÂ Cu kphntijt¯mSv tNÀ¡s¸«sX¶mWv tXm¶p¶Xv'

HdnPn\enÂ D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶ `mj Dt]£n¨v \¶m¡n

Fsk¡ntbÂ 23þmw A[ymbw

Cu- kw-hm-Z¯nÂ- \½Ä- {i²n-t¡ Nn-e \n-_\v-[\IÄ-

C¶v- Chn-sSbp-Å {^v-kn-s\ h¶n-§s\ Im-Wp-hm³ -th

A-dn-ªp-sIm-v- k-Xy-w- a-d-¨p-sh-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv?-''- (JpÀ-B³- 3:-71)- Xpas{X- A-Xv.''-(JpÀ-B³- 5:-48)-

F{X-t¯mfw AÀ-lXbp-v- F¶m-Wv- ]n-¶o-Sv- ]cn-tim-[n¡s¸

2.- ""h-cn-I-;- A-¸-\mÂ- k-´-Xn- e-`n-t¡--Xn-¶p- A-h-s\- ho-ªp- Ip-Sn-¸n-¨p- A-h-t\mSp-

A§s\ sNbvXn«p-m-b-ncp¶psh¦nÂ a¯mbnbpw amÀt¡m Rm³- BZcthmSp IqSn t\m¡n¡p-. Cu ]pkvXI¯nepÅXp

Imcyw hopw BhÀ¯n¡pIbmWv. ]gb \nba ]pkvXI¯n

ss__nfnÂ- {]hN\§fpmhmsa¶pw Ah ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸

Cu cp kphntij§fnepw {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«n«pÅ tbip

(3:23þ38) tbiphns³d hwimhen sImSp¯n«pv. cpt]cpw 12. a°m¯v 28. siabn

Ht¶m ctm? ¯ Hcp IgpX¡p«nsb sI«nbncn¡p¶Xv ImWmw. AXns\

tm a\pjy]p{Xs\ HäpsImSp¡p¶Xv' (22:48) F¶mbncp¶p. ss{IkvXhZÀi\¯ns³d \ne\nÂ]v. IpcnipacWw \ntj[n

·mcpv. Fw.hn.tXmakv FgpXp¶Xv ImWpI: "]ckv]cw

{]-Im-cw- Cu- sX-äv- ]-cn-ip-²m-Xv-am-hn-\v- kw-`-hn-¨-Xm-Wv.- \qäm-p-

fnepw sshcp[yapv. skdq_mt_ens³d aI³ AlnlqZmsW Xnc-kv¡-cn-¡-s¸«p?

{KÙ§fmWv ]pXnb \nba¯nÂ DÄs¸Spt¯Xv F¶ 4. F{km

hn`mK§fnÂs¸Sp¯n Hgnhm¡nb `mK§fnepmbncn¡mw.

AXpsImv IÀ¯mhpXs¶ \n§Ä¡v HcSbmfw Xcpw.