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    Biodiversity: Protista Monera

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    Biodiversity: Protista Monera

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    ridwan
    2K views11 pages
    kingdom, phylum, class, orders, family, genus, species, type of micro organism, role of useful microorganism, pathogens and many more

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    BIODIVERSITY

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    kingdom, phylum, class, orders, family, genus, species, type of micro organism, role of useful microorganism, pathogens and many more

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    2K views11 pages

    Biodiversity: Protista Monera

    Uploaded by

    ridwan
    kingdom, phylum, class, orders, family, genus, species, type of micro organism, role of useful microorganism, pathogens and many more

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 11

    BIODIVERSITY

    The diverse species of plants & animals interacting with one another on earth

    CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM.
    MONERA PROTISTA
    •Prokaryote orgs, Unicellular •Unicellular, algae, protozoa
    has cell walls •Membrane bound nuclei &
    •No membrane bound organelles
    •Typical shape: rod, round, •Autotroph & heterotroph
    spiral •Eg: Spirogyra sp, Amoeba
    • Eg: Cyanobacteria. sp. Paramecium sp.
    KINGDOM

    ANIMALIA FUNGI
    Multicellular & PLANTAE •Multicellular eukaryotes
    heterotroph •All land plant •Saprophytic , has hyphae
    Eukaryotes •Multicellular •No chlorophyll
    Well develop •Autotrophic •Eg: yeast, mucor,
    tissue •Has cellulose Mushroom
    walls
    HIERARCHY IN CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM

    Living organism are classified into seven hierarchy levels according to


    their basic characteristic..

    KINGDOM Eg: Animalia Plantae

    PHYLUM Eg: Chordata Trachaeophyta

    CLASS Eg: Mammalia Angiospermae

    ORDERS Eg: Primates Glumnifloflorae

    Eg: Homonidae Maydeae


    FAMILY

    GENUS Eg: Homo Zea

    SPECIES Eg: sapiens may


    TYPES OF MIC ROO RG ANIS M.

    FUNGI
    BACTERIA

    MICROORGANISM
    ALGAE
    PROTOZOA

    VIRUSSES
    THE ROLE OF USEFUL MICROORGANISM

    1. NITROGEN CYCLE

    •Allows nitrogen to be utilized by organism & return to physical


    environment.
    •Nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Nostoc sp. & Rhizobium sp. will convert
    nitrogen from atmosferic to ammonium through nitrogen fixation process.
    •Plants absorb nitrogen in form of ammonium & nitrate then convert to
    plant protien.
    •When animals eats plants the organic nitrogen is transfer into their body.
    •When they die decompose bacteria change them into ammonium .
    •Ammonium compounds are converted into nitrites by Nitrosomonas
    sp.through nitrification process.
    •Nitrites convert into nitrates by Nitrobacter sp by nitryfying process
    •Nitrates will break down to nitrogen back to atmospere by denitryfying
    process.
    2. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN HUMANS

    •Symbiotic bacteria in human colon synthesis vitamin B 12 & Vit K.


    •Deficiency in vitamin B 12 lead to anemia
    •Lack of Vit K slow down the blood clotting process

    3. ALIMENTARY CANALS OF TERMITES


    •Termites feed on wood which contain cellulase but they do not have
    cellulase enzyme.
    •Trichonympha sp. Is mutualistic protozoa present in alimentary canal of
    termites & secrete cellulase.

    4. DECOMPOSITION
    Carried out by saprophytic bacteria & fungi called decomposers
    Secretes enzyme that break down complex organic into simple inorganic it
    can reduce pollution cauce it turns to water, minerals & CO2
    Maintain life on earth by recycling & release nutrients into soil.
    THE EFFECT OF HARMFUL MICROORGANISM

    Food & Water.


    •Microorganism enter digestive Direct Contact
    systenm through contaminated •Infected person by sharing
    food & water, unwashed hands & personal item such as towel,
    faeces of infected people. unprotected sex
    •Eg: Cholera (b), Hepatitis A(v) Eg: ,Ringworm (f), AIDs

    HOW THE
    DISEASES SPREAD

    Airborne & Droplet Transmission Vectors


    •Method where pathogens change •Malaria is caused by
    into spores then transmit by air. Plasmodium sp. transmit
    •Liquid droplet of infected people by mosquitoes Anopheles
    enter other people respiratory sys. •Houseflies can cause
    •Eg: flu, viral fever, food poisoning .
    VACCINES ANTIBIOTICS
    Dead or weaked •Penicillin & streptomycin are
    bacteria or viruses is •Produced by microogrs which
    inoculated into body inhibit the growth or kill other
    to induce antibodies microogs esp. bacteria
    Eg: BCG

    METHODS OF CONTROLLING PATHOGENS

    DISINFECTANTS
    ANTISEPTICS •Solutions used to sterilize
    •Used on cuts & wounds surgical equipment, kill
    to kill & inhibit growth of microorgs on the floor
    microorgs.
    •Eg: phenol, farmaldehyde
    • Eg: iodine solution
    MICROORGANISM USE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
    1. Production of antibiotics, vaccines & hormone.
    Eg: Sabine vaccine used to treat poliomyelitis
    Modified bacteria used to produced insulin hormone

    2. Cleaning of oil spills.


    Genetically eng. Bacteria are used to clean the oil spills
    These bacteria convert the oil into less harmful molecules which are
    environment friendly

    3. Waste Treatment
    Sewage from household & industries
    Aerobic bacteria in the sewage decompose organic matter at treatment
    plants.
    Anaerobic bacteria continue decompose the organic matter to methane &
    carbon dioxide.
    The digested sludge is rich in nitrates & phosphates is dried to be used as
    fertillizers
    4. Food Processing.

    Fermentation by yeast in bread making produces CO2 which helps the


    dough to rise.
    Beer is brewed from barley grains.
    Wine is made by fermentation of grape juices, ethanol & CO2 are
    realeased.
    Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by using bacteria
    Lactobacillus bulgaricus which convert sugar into lactic acid.
    Cheese is made by mixing Streptococcus with the enzyme rennin.

    5. Production of Biodegradable Plastic (bioplastic)

    Bioplastic can be broken down into inorganic compound by bacteria.


    Bioplastic is produced by culturing bacteria such as Erwina sp in
    glucose.
    The bacteria react by producing plastic as a storage component in
    their cells
    Bioplastic is to used to make credit card, bottles, medical gums.
    6. Production of Energy from Biomass

    Two sources of energy that are generated through the activities of


    microorganism are biogas & gasohol.
    Biogas is a gas produced by the anaerobic fermentation of organic matter
    or waste in a bioreactor
    Gasohol or biofuel is a combination of 10% ethanol & 99% petrol.
    Sugar cane & maize are the main sources of gasohol.
    The cane or maize is crushed & sucrose is extracted to form a syrup , the
    fermentation of this syrup by yeast will produce ethanol.
    IN TE RSP ECIF IC COMPE TITIO N

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