Project Overview Of: Zigbee Based Mapping and Position Tracking

Project Overview of
Zigbee based Mapping and

Position Tracking
By :-
G.Srikanth
N.Sri Naga Nikhil
M.Sandeep Kumar
G.Mahesh
Under the guidance of
Miss V.Veena
INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 ARM CONTROLLER
 LPC 2148
 ZIGBEE MODULE
 RFID MODULE
 LCD INTERFACING
INTRODUCTION
Aim: To identify person details and information transfer

using zigbee technology
Consists of three sections

 Server,
 Department-1 and
 Department-2.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SERVER
DEPARTMENT 1 DEPARTMENT 2
SERVER:
POWER SUPPLY
MAX
232
`
ARM
LPC2148
ZIG-BEE
DEPARTMENT 1 & 2:
POWER SUPPLY
LCD
BUZZ
ARM ER
LPC2148
MAX
ZIG-BEE
232
RFID
READER
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)
RISC FEATURES:
 Reduced instructions
 Pipelining
 Load store architecture
 Registers
Reduced instructions :
 Utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of instructions.
Pipeline organization :
• 3-stage pipeline: Fetch – Decode - Execute
• Three-cycle latency, one instruction per cycle throughput
i
n
s
t i Fetch Decode Execute
r
u Fetch Decode Execute
i+1
c
t
i i+2 Fetch Decode Execute
o
n
t t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4 cycle
Load store architecture :
 Does not support memory to memory data processing
 Must move to registers before using them.
 Process becomes much faster due to register access to
process data.
Registers :
 Large general purpose register set.
 Contains either data or address.
ARM FEATURES:
Low power consumption

High code density
Hardware debugging technology
Reduced area of die.
Low cost memory device.
LPC2148 :
LPC 2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16-bit
ARM7TDMI-S processor.
ARM 7TDMI-S
ARM –Acron Risc Machine (Now Advanced Risc Machine)

 T – The Thumb 16 bit instruction set.
 D – On chip Debug support.
 M – Enhanced Multiplier
 I – Embedded ICE hardware to give break point and
watch point support.
 S- Synthesizable
ARM7 Operational Modes :
User USR Normal application execution environment*
Fast Interrupt FIQ Response-time critical interrupt
Interrupt IRQ General purpose interrupt
Supervisor SVC Protected mode for operating system
Abort ABT Virtual memory protection & management
Undefined UND Undefined Instruction (reserved for coprocessor)
System SYS Privileged user mode for operating system

ARM REGISTERS :
System & User FIQ Supervisor Abort IRQ Undefined
R0 R0 R0 R0 R0 R0
R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1
R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2
R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3
R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4
R5 R5 R5 R5 R5 R5
R6 R6 R6 R6 R6 R6
R7 R7_fiq R7 R7 R7 R7
R10 R10_fiq R10 R10 R10 R10
R11 R11_fiq R11 R11 R11 R11
R12 R12_fiq R12 R12 R12 R12
R13 R13_fiq R13_svc R13_abt R13_irq R13_und
R14 R14_fiq R14_svc R14_abt R14_irq R14_und
R15 (PC) R15 (PC) R15 (PC) R15 (PC) R15 (PC) R15 (PC)
CPSR CPSR CPSR CPSR CPSR CPSR
SPSR_fiq SPSR_svc SPSR_abt SPSR_irq SPSR_und
15
ARM7 CPSR Format :
ZIGBEE MODULE
 Created by Zigbee alliance based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

 Designed for control and automation.
 Allows wireless two way communication
 Low cost, low power consuming technology for WPAN’s.
SPECIFICATIONS
 Typical range 50m

 Data rates of 250 kbps (@2.4 GHz), 40 kbps (@ 915
MHz), and 20 kbps (@868 MHz).
 Fully hand-shaking protocol.
 Multiple topologies
 Addressing space of up to: 65,535 networks
TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY :
PEER TO PEER TOPOLOGY :
CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY :
ARCHITECTURE
Application Customer
API
Security
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Network ZigBee
Alliance
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
MAC
IEEE
PHY 802.15.4
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
Silicon Stack App

TYPES OF ANTENNAS
KEY BENEFITS
 Ultra-low power consumption

 MAC sub layer specifies four security services:
1. maintains a list of trusted devices.
2. Data encryption.
3. Frame integrity.
4. sequential freshness.
APPLICATIONS
 Industrial and Commercial
 Monitors
 Movement Sensors
 Automation
 Personal Healthcare
 Patient monitors
 Remote Diagnosis
 Data loggers
 Building Automation
 Security
 Lighting
 Fire and Safety systems
 Automotive
 Service controls
 Inventory tracking
RFID MODULE
•RFID MODULE convert radio waves returned from

the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to
Controllers.
•RFID read range of this module will vary from

approx10mm to 30mm
•This Firmware has the following Functions:

• Read Tag-ID
• Send Tag-ID in ASCII Format through the
Serial Interface
•To enable wireless identification, the RF subsystem
consists of two components:
• RFID tags which are small electronic devices that
are affixed to objects or embedded in them.
• RFID readers, which are devices that wirelessly
communicate with tags to identify the item connected to
each tag.
TAG CHARACTERISTICS
•Major characteristics of tags include:

 Identifier format,
Power source
1.Passive
2.Active
Operating frequencies,
TAG READER COMMUNICATION
Tag-reader communication is achieved by using a common

communications protocol between the tag and the reader.
Communication Initiation :
 Tags and readers can initiate RF transactions in

two general ways:
a. Reader Talks First (RTF).
b. Tag Talks First (TTF).
LCD INTERFACING :
D0
P0.16 VCC
P0.17
D1 HELLO WORLD
D2
P0.18
D4
DATA P0.19 VSS
D4
PINS P0.20
D5
P0.21
D6
P0.22 VBE
D7
P.023 RS R/W
EN
LPC 2148
P0.4
CONTROL
PINS P0.5
P0.6

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Project Overview of

Zigbee based Mapping and

Aim: To identify person details and information transfer

Consists of three sections

Low power consumption

ARM –Acron Risc Machine (Now Advanced Risc Machine)

User USR Normal application execution environment*

Fast Interrupt FIQ Response-time critical interrupt

Interrupt IRQ General purpose interrupt

Supervisor SVC Protected mode for operating system

Abort ABT Virtual memory protection & management

Undefined UND Undefined Instruction (reserved for coprocessor)

System SYS Privileged user mode for operating system

 Created by Zigbee alliance based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

 Typical range 50m

Silicon Stack App

 Ultra-low power consumption

1. maintains a list of trusted devices.

•RFID MODULE convert radio waves returned from

•RFID read range of this module will vary from

•This Firmware has the following Functions:

•Major characteristics of tags include:

Tag-reader communication is achieved by using a common

 Tags and readers can initiate RF transactions in

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