Common Carp Breeding

COMMON CARP BREEDING
 Common Carp has the largest history of

culture as early as 475 BC.
 Common Carp is world wide in distribution.
 It is cultured in most of the countries like

Indonesia and Europe.
 It is non predatory, when cultured with Indian
major Carps it competes with C. mrigala only in
feeding habit.
 For the first time the spawning of Common Carp

was advocated in China.
 It can be made to spawn in stagnant waters

provided that there must be some aquatic
vegetation for attaching its adhesive eggs.
 It breeds seasonally in temperate climate and
round the year in tropics.
 The stimulus for spawning is a rise in water

temperature.
 The oldest variation of this technique in the

Dubisch method, which is practiced in Europe
and Indonesia.
 The Common Carp is native of temperate
regions of Asia, especially of China.
 At present the Common Carp is of global

distribution, temperate as well as tropical
regions.
COMMON CARP
 Voracious Omnivorous feeders.

 Grows very fast in culture system.
 It is non predatory.
Species
 Cyprinus Carpio var. Communis - Scale Carp.

 Cyprinus Carpio var. specularis - Mirror Carp.
 Cyprinus Carpio var. nudus - Leather Carp.
 .
Cyprinus Carpio var. communis Cyprinus Carpio var. nudus - Leather Carp
Cyprinus Carpio var. specularis -Mirror Carp. Cyprinus Carpio var.

BREEDING TECHNIQUES
 It breeds throughout the year.
 The gonado somatic index of female ranges from

15-25% of the body weight.
 The male have highly developed testes and some

have the abdomen bulging as similar to female so
that some times, the weight of the testes may be
as high as 20-30% of the total body weight.
 Breeding place-
Naturally breeds in confined water shallow
marginal weeds, weed infested area.
 Female GSI vary from 18.0-24% total weight of

the fish.
 Male GSI vary from 20-30% of total body weight
of the fish.
 Fertilized eggs, Small spherical demersal and

adhesive.
• Diameter - vary from 1.0-2.0 mm.
• Yolk - Yellow to light brown in colour.
Hatching time-
 7-1/2 days at temperature 12°C.
 3-1/2 days at temperature 20°C.
 2 days at temperature 28 to 32°C.
Breeding Behaviour
 Breeds throughout the year with two-peak season
• Ist February & March, at temperature 18-20°C.

• IInd July & August, at temperature 18-30°C.
Breeding systems
Four breeding systems are followed:
 India
 Europe
 Indonesia
 China
Breeding Technique followed in India
1. In India:
Breeding of C. Carpio is done by three
methods
– In Hapa.
– In Cement cisterns.
– In Pond it self.
 Pair- 1 Female: 2 Male of equal weight.

 Egg Collectors - Natural
Vallisneria, Potamogeton, Hydrilla, Najas,
Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, Pistia and
other floating aquatic vegetation.
 Egg Collectors - Artificial

Kakabans- made of coconut fibers.
Kakabans- made of synthetic fibers of nylon.
 Time of breeding
Two main peak of breeding have been observed.
Feb-April and July-August.
 Breeding Technique
 Brood fishes are released in hapa or in cement

cisterns preferably in the evening.
 In pond it starts in the morning. It takes from

6-10 hours for spawning.
Quantity of egg collector
 2 kg of aquatic grass/ per set of brood of

1 kg body weight.
 1 kg of egg collectors contains about 40-

100,000 eggs at a time.
 Brood Care
 Male and female breeders are segregated a

few months prior to breeding season and stocked
in separate brood pond.
 Brooders are fed regularly on artificial feed

made of rice-polish and oil cake in 1:1 ratio at 2-
3% of their body weight
NEED OF ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION
1. Practically it has been proved that natural

propagation of the common carp is unsuccessful
in most of the year in some places.
2. Predatory and weed fishes destroy the eggs,

larvae and fry.
3. Large-scale seed production of this fish before

and after its natural propagation.
4. Where carp breeding ponds are not available and
the natural propagation is limited by the lack
of adequate breeding facilities.
5. Transportation of eggs and larvae are easy for

culture purposes.
6. Great number of small carp fingerlings are

needed for distribution.
7. Some times number of males is insufficient for

successful natural propagation
8. Natural carp if caught from river are needed for
propagation purposes, to maintain proper
population density of this fish in natural water.
9. Sudden change of weather or water temperature

may kill the eggs and young larvae in natural
spawning.
10. Improvement of carp strains are done through

selective breeding, genetic crossing and
hybridization.
The technique and procedure for artificial
propagation of the common carp may be
described under 5 stages as follows-
1. Brood care
2. Preparation of brooders for hypophysation.
3. Hypophysation
4. Striping of the sexual products;
fertilization of eggs up to hatching.
5. Incubation of fertilized eggs up to
hatching.
(A) Preparation of breeders
 One or two days before hypophysation

breeders are kept for conditioning.
 When females are ripe then there is no

need of conditioning.
 Males are ripe when milt comes out after

light pressure.
 Feeding with protein rich diet.

(B) Hypophysation
1. Place where the hypophysed breeders are to be

kept.
2. Hypophysis solution.
3. If necessary, solution for anaesthetization the

females.
4. Anaesthetized males and females can be kept

together or separate.
Hypophysis solution
1. Acetone dried P.G. of fish one or 2mg/kg weight.
2. The weight remains 2-4 mg after preservation in

acetone.
3. 1 hypophysis for 1 kg fish.
4. 1 hypophysis for male fish having irrespective of

its weight.
5. Solvent 0.6-0.7% Nacl Solution.
70 N. saline solution +30 parts glycerine.
5. Quantity of solution is requiring 0.5 ml for 1

ball of P.G.
6. Solution of homogenized is kept for

settlement through gravity or by centrifuge.
For anaesthetizing process the 0.5 gms MS
222 in 50ml. solution.
SEXUALITY
Male
 Pectoral fin rough to touch.
 Milt oozes when belly is pressed towards the vent.
 Vent deep pit like, not projecting out.
 Pectoral fin bigger in comparison to females at full

maturity.
 Pelvic fin is also bigger in comparison to female and

reaches up to the vent.
Female
 Pectoral fin soft to touch and small in comparison
to male.
 Pelvic fin shorter and do not cover the vent.
 Vent slightly projecting like a small papilla with a

narrow median slit.
 Egg comes out when belly is pressed towards the

vent.
 Belly soft and bulging.

Maturation
 Climatic factors like temperature is an
important factor for the maturation of
common carp.
 In Europe it attains maturity in 3rd year.
 In Japan it attains in 2nd year.
 In India it attains with in 6 months but

generally in first year.
Breeding period in tropical region
 February to April.
 July to August.
Fecundity
 It differs in different countries according to the body
weight.
 Russia -15% of the body weight

 Japan -3.1 to 16.4% average 10.4% of the
body weight.
 In case of males the testes represent less than 1%
but in few cases testes constitute up to 20-30% of the
body weight.
Ecological requirement for spawning of
Common Carp
Suitable egg collectors.
 Water level, quality of water, light intensity,

temperature, and rainfall.
 Sudden flush of well oxygenated water.
 Optimum day temperature 18°C to 20°C.

Selection of Breeders
Methods adopted for breeding
 Dubisch method
 Sudanese method
 Central Sumatra method
 Methods followed in India

Hypophysation of C. Carpio
 Solution of Nacl and carbamide (urea)

Co (NH2) 2 prevents the eggs for sticking.
 Hatching technique.
Controlled breeding of C. Carpio
(1) Distilled water = 10 lit

MS 222 (0.5g/50ml water)
30 gm = urea
40gm = Sodium chloride (Iodine free).
5 lit: 5 lit
(2) Tanin 15gm/litres of water.
(3) Full cream powdered milk.
(12 to 24 gm/liter of water)
Fecundity =
No. of eggs in sub sample x total weight of ovary

Total body weight of fish.
Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) =
Weight of ovary x 100

Total body weight
Removal of stickiness of eggs
 A solution comprising 0.4% sodium chloride and
0.3% urea is gradually added to the eggs over a
period of approximately one hour during water
hardening.
 This has the effect of temporarily inhibiting the

development of adhesion while prolonging the
fertilizing capacity of the sperm for this treatment
to be effective it is essential that the eggs should
continuously be stirred.
 The supernatant liquid is then decanted and the
eggs washed twice with fresh hatchery water
before treatment with a 0.16% solution of tannic
acid.
 This solution is removed after approximately 10

seconds and eggs washed three 0times with fresh
water.
 Suspension of textile starts and mixtures of full

cream milk and clay at concentration of 10-25 g/l
have also been used to render the eggs non-
adhesive.
Controlled Breeding
Suturing
 MS 222 (0.5g)/50 ml water used as

anesthetics
0.6-0.7% NaCl solution for PGE
(1) 2.5 mg - 3.5mg PGE in

Nacl+ glycerin in the ratio of 70:30
(2) 30g urea. 40 g sodium chloride.

{10 litres of distilled water}
Artificial fertilization
 After ovulation, ova flow freely through the genital
opening of the female carp.
 The ova are collected in the dry vessel before

fertilization.
 The fecundity varies from 1 lakh to 1.25 lakh

sperm is collected same way into lots of 200-300 g
corresponding to the capacity of glass jar and
sperm from three different males is mixed for
several minutes.

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COMMON CARP BREEDING

 Common Carp has the largest history of

 Common Carp is world wide in distribution.

 It is cultured in most of the countries like

 For the first time the spawning of Common Carp

 It can be made to spawn in stagnant waters

 The stimulus for spawning is a rise in water

 The oldest variation of this technique in the

 At present the Common Carp is of global

 Voracious Omnivorous feeders.

 Cyprinus Carpio var. Communis - Scale Carp.

Cyprinus Carpio var. specularis -Mirror Carp. Cyprinus Carpio var.

 The gonado somatic index of female ranges from

 The male have highly developed testes and some

 Female GSI vary from 18.0-24% total weight of

 Fertilized eggs, Small spherical demersal and

• Ist February & March, at temperature 18-20°C.

 Pair- 1 Female: 2 Male of equal weight.

 Egg Collectors - Artificial

 Brood fishes are released in hapa or in cement

 In pond it starts in the morning. It takes from

 2 kg of aquatic grass/ per set of brood of

 1 kg of egg collectors contains about 40-

 Male and female breeders are segregated a

 Brooders are fed regularly on artificial feed

1. Practically it has been proved that natural

2. Predatory and weed fishes destroy the eggs,

3. Large-scale seed production of this fish before

5. Transportation of eggs and larvae are easy for

6. Great number of small carp fingerlings are

7. Some times number of males is insufficient for

9. Sudden change of weather or water temperature

10. Improvement of carp strains are done through

 One or two days before hypophysation

 When females are ripe then there is no

 Males are ripe when milt comes out after

 Feeding with protein rich diet.

1. Place where the hypophysed breeders are to be

3. If necessary, solution for anaesthetization the

4. Anaesthetized males and females can be kept

1. Acetone dried P.G. of fish one or 2mg/kg weight.

2. The weight remains 2-4 mg after preservation in

3. 1 hypophysis for 1 kg fish.

4. 1 hypophysis for male fish having irrespective of

5. Quantity of solution is requiring 0.5 ml for 1

6. Solution of homogenized is kept for

 Milt oozes when belly is pressed towards the vent.

 Vent deep pit like, not projecting out.

 Pectoral fin bigger in comparison to females at full

 Pelvic fin is also bigger in comparison to female and

 Pelvic fin shorter and do not cover the vent.

 Vent slightly projecting like a small papilla with a

 Egg comes out when belly is pressed towards the

 Belly soft and bulging.

 In Europe it attains maturity in 3rd year.

 In Japan it attains in 2nd year.

 In India it attains with in 6 months but

 Russia -15% of the body weight

Suitable egg collectors.

 Water level, quality of water, light intensity,