Smooth Wall 3 Advproxy en

advproxy - Advanced Web Proxy
Advanced Web Proxy Server for SmoothWall Express 3.0 Administrator’s Guide
Administrator’s Guide
© Copyright 2004-2009
Author: Marco Sondermann
m.sondermann@directbox.com
http://www.advproxy.net
Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 1

Table of contents
1 Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 RIGHTS AND DISCLAIMERS ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 TRADEMARKS ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 5
2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 ADVANCED PROXY FEATURE LIST ............................................................................................................ 6
2.3 CLASSROOM EXTENSIONS FEATURE LIST ................................................................................................. 7
2.4 LEGAL BASIS .......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 SECURITY NOTES.................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.1 Installation and replacement of binary files ..................................................................................... 8
2.5.2 Firewall rules .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.3 Passwords ....................................................................................................................................... 8
3 Installation ................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 INSTALLING OR UPDATING THE ADVANCED PROXY ADD-ON ....................................................................... 9
3.3 INSTALLING THE CLASSROOM EXTENSIONS (CRE) ................................................................................... 9
3.4 REMOVING THE ADVANCED PROXY ADD-ON ........................................................................................... 10
3.5 AUTOMATIC UPDATE NOTIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 10
3.6 SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH OFFICIAL SMOOTHW ALL UPDATES.................................................................. 10
3.7 INCLUDING USER DEFINED CONFIGURATION DIRECTIVES.......................................................................... 11
4 Web Proxy configuration ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 COMMON SETTINGS .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.1.1 Enabled on <Interface> ................................................................................................................. 12
4.1.2 Transparent on <Interface> ........................................................................................................... 12
4.1.3 Proxy Port ...................................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.4 Visible hostname ........................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.5 Cache administrator e-mail ............................................................................................................ 13
4.1.6 Error messages language .............................................................................................................. 13
4.1.7 Error messages design .................................................................................................................. 13
4.1.8 Suppress version information ........................................................................................................ 13
4.1.9 Squid Cache version ...................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 UPSTREAM PROXY ................................................................................................................................ 14
4.2.1 Proxy address forwarding .............................................................................................................. 14
4.2.2 Client IP address forwarding.......................................................................................................... 14
4.2.3 Username forwarding .................................................................................................................... 14
4.2.4 No connection oriented authentication forwarding ........................................................................ 14
4.2.5 Upstream proxy (host:port) ............................................................................................................ 15
4.2.6 Upstream username ...................................................................................................................... 15
4.2.7 Upstream password ....................................................................................................................... 15
4.3 LOG SETTINGS...................................................................................................................................... 16
4.3.1 Enable log ...................................................................................................................................... 16
4.3.2 Log query terms ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.3.3 Log useragents .............................................................................................................................. 16
4.4 CACHE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 17
4.4.1 Memory cache size ........................................................................................................................ 17
4.4.2 Harddisk cache size ....................................................................................................................... 17
4.4.3 Min object size ............................................................................................................................... 17
4.4.4 Max object size .............................................................................................................................. 17
4.4.5 Number of level-1 subdirectories ................................................................................................... 17
4.4.6 Memory replacement policy ........................................................................................................... 18
4.4.7 Cache replacement policy ............................................................................................................. 18
4.4.8 Do not cache these destinations.................................................................................................... 18
4.4.9 Enable offline mode ....................................................................................................................... 19

4.5 DESTINATION PORTS ............................................................................................................................. 20

4.6 NETWORK BASED ACCESS CONTROL ...................................................................................................... 21
4.6.1 Allowed subnets ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.6.2 Disable internal proxy access ........................................................................................................ 21
4.6.3 Disable internal proxy access to Green from other subnets .......................................................... 21
4.6.4 Disable internal proxy access from Purple to other subnets ......................................................... 22
4.6.5 Unrestricted IP addresses ............................................................................................................. 22
4.6.6 Unrestricted MAC addresses ......................................................................................................... 22
4.6.7 Banned IP addresses or subnets................................................................................................... 23
4.6.8 Banned MAC addresses ................................................................................................................ 23
4.7 TIME RESTRICTIONS .............................................................................................................................. 24
4.8 TRANSFER LIMITS ................................................................................................................................. 24
4.9 DOWNLOAD THROTTLING....................................................................................................................... 25
4.9.1 Bandwidth limits ............................................................................................................................. 25
4.9.2 Content based throttling ................................................................................................................. 26
4.10 MIME TYPE FILTER ............................................................................................................................... 26
4.11 W EB BROWSER .................................................................................................................................... 27
4.11.1 Browser check ........................................................................................................................... 27
4.11.2 Client definitions ........................................................................................................................ 27
4.12 PRIVACY .............................................................................................................................................. 28
4.12.1 Fake useragent .......................................................................................................................... 28
4.12.2 Fake referer ............................................................................................................................... 28
4.13 URL FILTER ......................................................................................................................................... 29
4.14 UPDATE ACCELERATOR......................................................................................................................... 29
5 Authentication configuration ................................................................................................................... 30
5.1 AUTHENTICATION METHODS OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 30
5.1.1 None .............................................................................................................................................. 30
5.1.2 Local Authentication ...................................................................................................................... 30
5.1.3 Authentication using identd ............................................................................................................ 30
5.1.4 Authentication using LDAP ............................................................................................................ 31
5.1.5 Windows authentication ................................................................................................................. 31
5.1.6 RADIUS authentication .................................................................................................................. 31
5.2 GLOBAL AUTHENTICATION SETTINGS ...................................................................................................... 32
5.2.1 Number of authentication processes ............................................................................................. 32
5.2.2 Authentication cache TTL .............................................................................................................. 32
5.2.3 Limit of IP addresses per user ....................................................................................................... 32
5.2.4 User/IP cache TTL ......................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.5 Require authentication for unrestricted source addresses ............................................................ 32
5.2.6 Authentication realm prompt .......................................................................................................... 32
5.2.7 Destinations without authentication ............................................................................................... 33
5.3 LOCAL USER AUTHENTICATION .............................................................................................................. 34
5.3.1 User management ......................................................................................................................... 34
5.3.2 Local user manager ....................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.3 Create user accounts ..................................................................................................................... 36
5.3.4 Edit user accounts ......................................................................................................................... 36
5.3.5 Delete user accounts ..................................................................................................................... 36
5.3.6 Client side password management ............................................................................................... 37
5.4 IDENTD AUTHENTICATION ...................................................................................................................... 38
5.4.1 Client-side prerequisites ................................................................................................................ 38
5.4.2 Common identd settings ................................................................................................................ 39
5.4.3 User based access restrictions ...................................................................................................... 40
5.5 LDAP AUTHENTICATION ........................................................................................................................ 41
5.5.1 Common LDAP settings ................................................................................................................ 42
5.5.2 Bind DN settings ............................................................................................................................ 43
5.5.3 Group based access control .......................................................................................................... 43
5.6 W INDOWS AUTHENTICATION .................................................................................................................. 44
5.6.1 Common domain settings .............................................................................................................. 45

5.6.2 Authentication mode ...................................................................................................................... 45

5.7 RADIUS AUTHENTICATION ................................................................................................................... 48
5.7.1 Common RADIUS settings ............................................................................................................ 49
6 Classroom Extensions configuration (CRE) .......................................................................................... 50
6.1.1 Classroom extensions section overview ........................................................................................ 50
6.1.2 Enabled .......................................................................................................................................... 50
6.1.3 Supervisor password ..................................................................................................................... 50
6.1.4 Classroom group definitions .......................................................................................................... 50
6.1.5 Supervisor IP addresses ................................................................................................................ 50
6.2 CRE SECURITY LEVELS......................................................................................................................... 51
6.2.1 Level 1: No password, no IP address restrictions - no security ..................................................... 51
6.2.2 Level 2: Password set, no IP address restrictions - lower security ............................................... 51
6.2.3 Level 3: No Password, IP restrictions applied - lower security ...................................................... 52
6.2.4 Level 4: Password set, IP restrictions applied - higher security .................................................... 52
6.3 CLASSROOM GROUP DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................... 53
6.3.1 Creating group definitions .............................................................................................................. 53
6.3.2 Group labels and group names ..................................................................................................... 53
6.3.3 Client definitions............................................................................................................................. 54
6.4 CUSTOM ERROR MESSAGES .................................................................................................................. 55
7 Web Access Management with CRE ....................................................................................................... 57
7.1 STARTING THE W EB ACCESS MANAGEMENT INTERFACE ......................................................................... 57
7.1.1 "The management interface has been disabled" ........................................................................... 57
7.1.2 "There are no access groups available" ........................................................................................ 57
7.2 MANAGING ACCESS GROUPS ................................................................................................................. 58
7.2.1 Enabled groups .............................................................................................................................. 58
7.2.2 Disabled groups ............................................................................................................................. 58
7.3 RESTRICTING MANAGEMENT ACCESS ..................................................................................................... 59
7.3.1 Restricting access by password .................................................................................................... 59
7.3.2 Restricting access by IP address................................................................................................... 60
8 Enforcing proxy usage ............................................................................................................................. 62
8.1 W EB PROXY STANDARD OPERATION MODES........................................................................................... 62
8.1.1 Proxy service disabled ................................................................................................................... 62
8.1.2 Proxy service enabled, running in non-transparent mode ............................................................. 63
8.1.3 Proxy service enabled, running in transparent mode .................................................................... 64
8.2 CLIENT SIDE W EB PROXY CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................ 65
8.2.1 Manual client configuration ............................................................................................................ 65
8.2.2 Client pre-configuration .................................................................................................................. 65
8.2.3 Client configuration via DNS / DHCP ............................................................................................ 65
8.2.4 Client configuration using group policies ....................................................................................... 65
8.3 MODIFYING THE FIREWALL RULES .......................................................................................................... 66
8.3.1 Adding custom rules to iptables ..................................................................................................... 66
8.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR MANDATORY PROXY USAGE ................................................................................... 67
8.5 AUTHENTICATION AND ADDITIONAL CONTENT FILTERS ............................................................................. 68
9 Active Directory and LDAP authentication ............................................................................................ 70
9.1.1 Configuring LDAP authentication using Microsoft Active Directory Services ................................ 70
9.1.2 Configuring LDAP group based access control ............................................................................. 76

1 Preface
1.1 Rights and Disclaimers
The information contained within this document may change from one version to the next.
All programs and details contained within this document have been created to the best of the authors
knowledge and tested carefully. However, errors cannot be completely ruled out. Therefore the author does
not express or imply any guarantees for errors within this document or consequent damage arising from the
availability, performance or use of this or related material.
1.2 Trademarks
The use of names in general use, names of firms, trade names, etc. in this document, even without special
notation, does not imply that such names can be considered as “free” in terms of trademark legislation and that
they can be used by anyone. All trade names are used without a guarantee of free usage and might be
registered trademarks. As a general rule, the author adheres to the notation of the manufacturer. Other
products mentioned here could be trademarks of the respective manufacturer.
Microsoft, Windows, FrontPage, Internet Explorer and Active Directory are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries/regions.
Novell, NetWare and eDirectory are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United
States and other countries.
1.3 Acknowledgements
Thanks to all the translators for doing a great job, especially
NL: Bjorn Kaag

BZ: Flavio Jose de Siqueira Cavalcanti Veras - flaviove(at)globo(dot)com
IT: Alessio Cecchi - http://www.cecchi.biz
FR: Stephane (pulsergene) - thetobby(at)yahoo(dot)fr
ES: Vte. Javier Garcia Mayen - neofito(at)wadalbertia(dot)org
RU: Nikolay Parukhin - parukhin(at)gmail.com

2 Introduction
2.1 Overview
The Advanced Proxy Server add-on extends the SmoothWall web proxy service with a lot of versatile, flexible
and useful additional features.
All previous proxy settings will be imported to the Advanced Proxy, but remain untouched for all further
configuration changes.
For educational institutions, the Advanced Proxy will provide the Classroom Extensions, an easy to use
administrative interface for the teaching staff.
2.2 Advanced Proxy feature list

In addition to the default SmoothWall web proxy service, Advanced Proxy offers these new features:
Full GUI integration
 Seamless GUI integration for the Advanced Web Proxy configuration
 All extended options are accessible and configurable within the web based GUI
User authentication
 Local user authentication, including group based user management
 ident authentication
 LDAP authentication, including MS Active Directory, Novell eDirectory and OpenLDAP
 Windows authentication, including Windows NT4.0 or 2000/2003/2008 domains and Samba
 RADIUS authentication
Advanced access control
 Network based access control over IP and MAC addresses
 Time based access restrictions
 Download throttling
 MIME type filter
 Blocking of unauthorized browsers or client software

2.3 Classroom Extensions feature list

The Classroom Extensions (CRE) for the Advanced Proxy Server will give you the ability to delegate
administrative tasks to non-administrative users. Therefore, the CRE will create a new logical role between the
Admin and the users: The Supervisor.
The Supervisor may now turn on and off web access for predefined groups (e.g. specific computers in a
classroom) without the need of having administrative access rights or knowledge to the SmoothWall GUI.
In addition to the known Advanced Proxy features, the CRE offers these features:
Full web based access management
 Predefined client groups can be turned on or off using a standard web browser
 All administrative CRE options are accessible and configurable within the web based SmoothWall GUI
Different security levels
 Web Access Management rights can be controlled by password and/or by network address
 No administrative privileges to the SmoothWall GUI required for the Web Access Management
 The Supervisor can not override any Advanced Proxy based restriction set by the SmoothWall Admin
Flexible configuration
 The SmoothWall Admin can define client groups with MAC addresses, single IP addresses, IP ranges,
subnets or even all of them.

2.4 Legal basis

Note: Some options of the Advanced Proxy may break the privacy of your clients or other legal rules.
Warning: Before you are using this software make sure that this will be in accordance with the national law or
other legal regulations.
Explicit warning: In most countries, the user must agree that personal data will be logged, such as date, time,
source and destination in conjunction with the username. Don‟t use this software in a business environment
without the written agreement of the workers council.
2.5 Security notes

2.5.1 Installation and replacement of binary files
Note: This add-on installs additional executable files and libs and replaces the Squid proxy server with a
special customized version (currently 2.7 STABLE 5). Squid and the auth modules were compiled from the
original source code without any modifications. The configure options are shown with the „squid –v‟ command.
Under normal circumstances this should not affect security.
2.5.2 Firewall rules

Note: This add-on doesn‟t modify any firewall rules. If this will be necessary, e.g. for forced authentication, this
must be done by your own. See chapter 8.3 for more information.
2.5.3 Passwords
Note: If you are using authentication, beware of the fact that passwords will be transmitted in plain text
between your client and the Proxy Server. In addition, when using LDAP, NT or RADIUS authentication, the
passwords may be transmitted in plain text between the Proxy Server and the authentication instance (e.g. the
LDAP Server or the Domain Controller). This behaviour is by design and should not be a serious flaw in a
switched local network environment.

3 Installation
3.1 Installation requirements
There are no special requirements to be met before installing this add-on.
Note: Some other add-ons which are modifying the proxy settings (especially certain filter modules) may not
work after installing this add-on.
3.2 Installing or updating the Advanced Proxy add-on

Step 1: Download the installation package from http://www.advproxy.net
Note: Some browsers might change the file extension from .tar.gz to .tar.tar
Step 2: Copy the installation package to your SmoothWall box. For Windows clients, this can be done using
the program WinSCP.
Note: Make sure you are using port 222 instead of port 22 for SCP
Step 3: Log in as root on the console or via SSH. For Windows clients, this can be done using the program
PuTTY.
Note: Make sure you are using port 222 instead of port 22 for SSH
Step 4: Extract the installation package using the command

tar –xzf swe3-nn-advproxy-version.tar.gz
Note: Replace version with the version of the installation package.
Step 5: Start the installation by entering smoothwall-advproxy/install
Step 6: Open the SmoothWall web GUI. Now under the Service section you will find the entry “Proxy”
extended to “Advanced Proxy”. Select this entry to open the Advanced Proxy GUI page.
Step 7: Change the configuration settings for your needs and restart the Proxy Server to activate the changed
settings.
3.3 Installing the Classroom Extensions (CRE)

Follow the steps 1 to 4 at chapter 3.2 for installing the Advanced Proxy add-on.
Install the Classroom Extensions by entering smoothwall-advproxy/install cre
This installs the Advanced Proxy add-on including the CRE or enables the CRE for an existing installation.

3.4 Removing the Advanced Proxy add-on

Step 1: Log in as root on the console or via SSH. For Windows clients, this can be done using the program
PuTTY.
Note: Make sure you are using port 222 instead of port 22 for SSH
Step 2: Start the removal process by entering smoothwall-advproxy/uninstall
Step 3: Open the SmoothWall web GUI. Under the Service section select the entry “Proxy”.
Step 4: All previous configuration settings are now selected by default. Restart the Proxy Server to activate
the previous configuration.
3.5 Automatic update notification

The Advanced Proxy GUI checks the website www.advproxy.net at regular intervals for updates.
If there is a newer version available, an update notification will appear:
Note: The Advanced Proxy GUI will not check for updates while the RED interface is inactive.
Note: Once a newer version is detected, the notification window will appear permanently and can‟t be
cancelled except by upgrading to the latest Advanced Proxy version.
3.6 Specific problems with official SmoothWall updates

Official updates are designed for unmodified installations and don‟t care about previous installed add-ons and
the files modified by them.
After applying official updates, you may experience different kinds of problems:
The menu item for Advanced Proxy disappears after applying an update
Some official updates will replace the file /var/smoothwall/header.pl and reset all menu entries to default.
This can be fixed by re-installing the add-on again. There is no need to uninstall the add-on first, because it
refreshes all necessary menu modifications and keeps the current add-on settings.
Advanced Proxy doesn’t operate properly after applying an update
It may be possible that some binary files necessary for Advanced Proxy will be replaced.
This can be fixed by re-installing the add-on again. There is no need to uninstall the add-on first, because it
installs all required files again and keeps the current add-on settings.

3.7 Including user defined configuration directives

Custom directives for the web proxy configuration (e.g. for integrating Ad-Zap or parent proxy bypassing) can
now be added to the file /var/smoothwall/proxy/advanced/acls/include.acl
Note: The ACL file /var/smoothwall/proxy/acl will not be processed by the Advanced Proxy.

4 Web Proxy configuration

4.1 Common settings
The common settings are essential parameters related to the proxy service.
4.1.1 Enabled on <Interface>

This enables the Proxy Server to listen for requests on the selected interface (GREEN or PURPLE).
Note: If the proxy service is disabled, all client requests will be forwarded directly to the destination address
without passing the proxy service and therefore the requests will bypass all configured ACLs.
4.1.2 Transparent on <Interface>

If the transparent mode is enabled, all requests for the destination port 80 will be forwarded to the Proxy
Server without the need of any special configuration changes to your clients.
Note: Transparent mode works only for destination port 80. All other requests (e.g. port 443 for SSL) will
bypass the Proxy Server.
Note: When using any type of authentication, the Proxy may not run in transparent mode.
Note: To enforce the usage of the Proxy Server in non-transparent mode, you will have to block all outgoing
ports usually used for http traffic (80, 443, 8000, 8080, etc.).
4.1.3 Proxy Port

This is the port the Proxy Server will listen for client requests. The default is 800.
Note: In transparent mode, all client requests for port 80 will automatically redirected to this port.
Note: In non-transparent mode, make sure that your clients are configured to use this port. Otherwise they will
bypass the Proxy Server and all ACLs will be ignored.
4.1.4 Visible hostname

If you want to present a special hostname in error messages or for upstream proxy servers (see 4.2.1), then
define this. Otherwise, the real hostname of your SmoothWall will be used.

4.1.5 Cache administrator e-mail

This mail address will be shown on the Proxy Server error messages.
4.1.6 Error messages language

Select the language in which the Proxy Server error messages will be shown to the clients.
4.1.7 Error messages design

Select the design style in which the Proxy Server error messages will be shown to the clients.
There are two different designs: SmoothWall and Standard.
SmoothWall design: Standard design:
Note: When a Visible hostname (see 4.1.4) is defined, the standard design will be used.
4.1.8 Suppress version information

This disables the Squid Cache version information to be used in the error messages or in the HTTP header.
4.1.9 Squid Cache version

This read-only item shows the release of the installed Squid Cache binary.

4.2 Upstream proxy

These settings may be required for chained proxy environments.
4.2.1 Proxy address forwarding

This enables the HTTP VIA header field. If enabled, this information will be added to the HTTP header:
1.0 smoothwall.localdomain:800 (Squid/2.7.STABLE5)
Note: If the last proxy in chain doesn‟t strip this field, it will be forwarded to the destination host!
This field will be suppressed by default.
4.2.2 Client IP address forwarding

This enables the HTTP X-FORWARDED-FOR header field. If enabled, the internal client IP address will be
added to the HTTP header.
192.168.1.37
This can useful for source based ACLs or logging on remote proxy servers.
Instead of forwarding “unknown”, this field will be completely suppressed by default.
Note: If the last proxy in chain doesn‟t strip this field, it will be forwarded to the destination host!
4.2.3 Username forwarding

If any type of authentication is activated for Advanced Proxy, this enables the forwarding of the login name.
This can useful for user based ACLs or logging on remote proxy servers.
Note: This is for ACL or logging purposes only and doesn‟t work, if the upstream proxy requires a real login.
Note: This forwarding is limited to the username, the password will not be forwarded.
4.2.4 No connection oriented authentication forwarding

This disables the forwarding of Microsoft connection oriented authentication (NTLM and Kerberos).

4.2.5 Upstream proxy (host:port)

If you are using a parent cache, so enter the IP address and port of this upstream Proxy. If no value for “port”
is given, the default port 80 will be used.
4.2.6 Upstream username

Enter the username for the upstream Proxy Server (only if required).
Note: You can enter PASS for the username to forward the users credentials to a parent proxy using basic
HTTP authentication. The username PASS must be entered in upper case:
Note: If you enter a password, the username forwarding (see 4.2.3) will be disabled.
4.2.7 Upstream password

Enter the password for the upstream Proxy Server (only if required).

4.3 Log settings

These options are for enabling the Advanced Proxy log files.
4.3.1 Enable log

This enables the Web Proxy logging feature. All client requests will be written to a log file and can be viewed
within the GUI under “Logs / Proxy Logs”.
4.3.2 Log query terms

The part of the URL containing dynamic queries will be stripped by default before logging. Enabling the option
“Log query terms” will turn this off and the complete URL will be logged.
Note: Enabling “Log query terms” may break the privacy of your clients!
4.3.3 Log useragents

Enabling “Log useragent” writes the useragent string to the log file /var/log/squid/useragent.log
This log file option should only be activated for debugging purposes and the result is not shown within the GUI
based log viewer.

4.4 Cache management

The cache management settings control the caching parameters for Advanced Proxy.
4.4.1 Memory cache size

This is the amount of physical RAM to be used for negative-cached and in-transit objects. This value should
not exceed more than 50% of installed RAM. The minimum for this value is 1MB, the default is 8 MB.
Note: This parameter does not specify the maximum process size. It only places a limit on how much
additional RAM the Web Proxy will use as a cache of objects.
4.4.2 Harddisk cache size

This is the amount of disk space (MB) to use for cached objects. The default is 500 MB. Change this to suit
your configuration. Do not put the size of your disk drive here. Instead, if you want Squid to use the entire disk
drive, subtract 20% and use that value.
Note: Setting the cache size to 0 will turn off the harddisk cache.
4.4.3 Min object size

Objects smaller than this size will not be saved on disk. The value is specified in kilobytes, and the default is 0
KB, which means there is no minimum.
4.4.4 Max object size

Objects larger than this size will not be saved on disk. The value is specified in kilobytes, and the default is
4MB. If you wish to increase speed more than your want to save bandwidth you should leave this low.
4.4.5 Number of level-1 subdirectories

The default value for the harddisk cache level-1 subdirectories is 16.
Each level-1 directory contains 256 subdirectories, so a value of 256 level-1 directories will use a total of
65536 directories for the harddisk cache. This will significantly slow down the startup process of the proxy
service but can speed up the caching under certain conditions.
Note: The recommended value for level-1 directories is 16. You should increase this value only when it‟s
necessary.

4.4.6 Memory replacement policy

The memory replacement policy parameter determines which objects are purged from memory, when memory
space is needed. The default policy for memory replacement on SmoothWall is heap GDSF.
Possible replacement policies are:
LRU : Squid's original list based Last Recently Used policy

The LRU policies keep recently referenced objects. i.e., it replaces the object that has not been accessed for
the longest time.
heap GDSF : Greedy-Dual Size Frequency

The heap GDSF policy optimizes object-hit rate by keeping smaller popular objects in cache. So it has a better
chance of getting a hit. It achieves a lower byte hit rate than LFUDA though, since it evicts larger (possibly
popular) objects.
heap LFUDA : Least Frequently Used with Dynamic Aging

The heap LFUDA ( Least Frequently Used with Dynamic Aging ) policy keeps popular objects in cache
regardless of their size and thus optimizes byte hit rate at the expense of hit rate since one large, popular
object will prevent many smaller, slightly less popular objects from being cached.
heap LRU : Last Recently Used policy implemented using a heap

Works like LRU, but uses a heap instead.
Note: If using the LFUDA replacement policy, the value of Max object size should be increased above its
default of 4096 KB to maximize the potential byte hit rate improvement of LFUDA.
4.4.7 Cache replacement policy

The cache replacement policy parameter decides which objects will remain in cache and which objects are
evicted (replaced) to create space for the new objects. The default policy for cache replacement on
SmoothWall is heap GDSF.
See chapter 4.4.6 for details.
For more information about the GDSF and LFUDA cache replacement policies see
http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-69.html and
http://fog.hpl.external.hp.com/techreports/98/HPL-98-173.html .
4.4.8 Do not cache these destinations

A list of sites which cause the request to not be satisfied from the cache and the reply to not be cached. In
other words, use this to force objects to never be cached.
Example:
Entire domains and subdomains
*.advproxy.net
*.google.com
Single hosts
www.advproxy.net
www.google.com
IP addresses

81.169.145.75
74.125.39.103
URLs
www.advproxy.net/download
www.google.com/images
Note: You can enter all of these destination types in any order.
4.4.9 Enable offline mode

Enabling this option will turn off the validation of cached objects. This gives access to more cached information
(stale cached versions, where the origin server should have been contacted).

4.5 Destination ports

This enumerates the allowed destination ports for standard HTTP and SSL encrypted HTTPS requests.
Note: The ports can be defined as a single port number or a range of ports.
Default standard ports: Default SSL ports:
80 # http 443 # https

21 # ftp 563 # snews
443 # https
563 # snews
70 # gopher
210 # wais
1025-65535 # unregistered ports
280 # http-mgmt
488 # gss-http
591 # filemaker
777 # multiling http
800 # Squids port (for icons)

4.6 Network based access control

This defines the access control for accessing the Proxy Server based on the client network address.
4.6.1 Allowed subnets

All listed subnets are allowed to access the Proxy Server. By default, the subnets for GREEN and PURPLE (if
available) are listed here.
You can add other subnets like subnets behind GREEN in larger environments to this list. All subnets not listed
here will be blocked for web access.
4.6.2 Disable internal proxy access

This option prevents direct HTTP access through the internal proxy service to local web servers at those
subnets as defined in section 4.6.1. This selection overrides the following two options which manage HTTP
access to GREEN and from PURPLE.
4.6.3 Disable internal proxy access to Green from other subnets

This prevents direct HTTP access through the internal proxy service to web servers on GREEN from any other
subnet (e.g. PURPLE).
Example:
While proxy access is enabled for GREEN and PURPLE, usually all requests will be forwarded to RED. But
when a client from PURPLE wants to access a web server on GREEN, the Proxy Server takes the internal
shortcut between the PURPLE and the GREEN interface, regardless of any firewall rules.

Note: To protect your servers on GREEN, it‟s recommended to enable this option and use Networking /
internal if necessary.
4.6.4 Disable internal proxy access from Purple to other subnets

This prevents direct HTTP access through the internal proxy service from PURPLE to web servers on any
other subnet (e.g.GREEN).
Example:
While proxy access is enabled for GREEN and PURPLE, usually all requests will be forwarded to RED. But
when a client from PURPLE wants to access a web server on GREEN, the Proxy Server takes the internal
shortcut between the PURPLE and the GREEN interface, regardless of any firewall rules.
Note: This option is only available with a PURPLE interface installed.
Note: If enabled, clients on PURPLE can only access web servers on PURPLE or RED.
4.6.5 Unrestricted IP addresses

All client IP addresses in this list will override the following restrictions:
 Time restrictions
 Size limits for download requests
 Browser check
 Authentication (will be required by default for theses addresses, but can be turned off)
 Concurrent logins per user (only available if authentication is enabled)
4.6.6 Unrestricted MAC addresses

All client MAC addresses in this list will override the following restrictions:
 Time restrictions
 Size limits for download requests
 Browser check
 Authentication (will be required by default for theses addresses, but can be turned off)
 Concurrent logins per user (only available if authentication is enabled)
Using MAC addresses instead of IP addresses can be useful if the DHCP service is enabled without having
fixed leases defined.
MAC addresses can be entered in one of these forms:
00-00-00-00-00-00 or 00:00:00:00:00:00
Note: The Proxy Server can only determine MAC addresses from clients configured for the subnets of the
GREEN, PURPLE or ORANGE interfaces.

4.6.7 Banned IP addresses or subnets

All requests from these clients (IP addresses or subnets) in this list will be blocked.
4.6.8 Banned MAC addresses

All requests from these clients in this list will be blocked.
Using MAC addresses instead of IP addresses can be useful if the DHCP service is enabled without having
fixed leases defined.
MAC addresses can be entered in one of these forms:
00-00-00-00-00-00 or 00:00:00:00:00:00
Note: The Proxy Server can only determine MAC addresses from clients configured for the subnets of the
GREEN, PURPLE or ORANGE interfaces.

4.7 Time restrictions

This defines the operational time of the Web Proxy.
The option “allow” allows web access and the option “deny” blocks web access within the selected time. The
choice of “allow” or “deny” will depend on the time rules you want to apply.
The default is set to allow access every day around the clock.
Note: Time restrictions will not be effective for these clients:
 Unrestricted source IP addresses

 Unrestricted source MAC addresses
 Members of the group “Extended” if the Proxy uses “Local authentication”
4.8 Transfer limits

This allows you to enter limitations of the size for each download and/or upload request.
The values are given in KB. A reason for transfer limits could be that you want to prevent downloading large
files, such as CD images.
The default is set to 0 KB for upload and download. This value turns off any limitation.
Note: These limits refer to each single request. It‟s not the total amount for all requests.
Note: Download limits will not be effective for these clients:

 Members of the group “Extended” if the Proxy Server uses “Local authentication”
Note: Upload limits will be effective for all clients.

4.9 Download throttling

The download bandwith can be limited in general, per host and depending on the content.
Note: Download throttling works on a per machine basis and not per user
Throttling will not be effective for these clients:

4.9.1 Bandwidth limits

Limits can be defined per interface as an overall limit and per host. The used bandwith for all hosts will be
limited by the overall limit.
Example:
The following settings
will result in this configuration:

4.9.2 Content based throttling

By default, throttling affects all kind of traffic, but throttling can be limited to some types of content:
 Binary files: executables, archives, etc.

 CD images: CD and DVD image files
 Multimedia: audio and video files
Note: Selecting one of these options disables throttling for all other types of traffic.
4.10 MIME type filter

The MIME type filter can be configured to block content depending on its MIME type.
If enabled, the filter checks all incoming headers for their MIME type. If the requested MIME type is listed to be
blocked, the access to this content will be denied. This way you can block content, no matter of the given file
name extension.
Examples:
Add this MIME type if you want to block the download of PDF files:
application/pdf
Add these MIME types if you want to block the download of MPEG and QuickTime video files:
video/mpeg
video/quicktime
Note: The MIME type are processed as regular expressions. This means, the MIME type
javascript
will block content with the MIME types
application/x-javascript
text/javascript
Note: MIME type blocking will not be effective for these clients:


4.11 Web browser

This allows you to control which client software may have access to web sites.
4.11.1 Browser check

If this option is enabled, only the selected clients will be able to pass the Proxy Server. All other requests will
be blocked.
Note: Browser based access control will not be effective for these clients:

4.11.2 Client definitions

The most important web clients are already listed. You can create your own definitions by editing the file
/var/smoothwall/proxy/advanced/useragents and adding the browser specific information there.
Adding custom clients could be necessary if you want to allow your AntiVirus software to download updated
definitions. If you don‟t know the useragent of this software, you can enable the useragent logging in the
section “Log settings” and watch the file /var/log/squid/useragent.log
The syntax for client definitions is:
name,display,(regexp)
name is required for internal processing of the Advanced Proxy and should be a short name in alphanumeric
capital letters without spaces.
display is the string which appears in the GUI list and should contain the common name for this client.
(regexp) is a regular expression which matches the browser useragent string and must always be enclosed
with brackets.
The values are separated by commas.

4.12 Privacy
This allows the modification of some HTTP header fields to protect your privacy.
4.12.1 Fake useragent

By default, the useragent of the currently used web browser will be submitted to external web servers. Some
dynamic websites generate the content depending on the submitted useragent string. This string will also be
logged to the Web Server log files.
With the “Fake useragent” option you have the ability to rewrite this string for all your clients. For outgoing
requests the useragent header field will be changed by the Proxy Server and submitted to external sites
instead of the original useragent string. This can be useful to protect your privacy or to enforce a desired level
of compatibility.
Examples:
The following string will make external servers believe that all your clients are using the Firefox browser:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.3) Gecko/20041002 Firefox/0.10
Even though it‟s possible to enter a free defined string, a useragent like
Mozilla/1.0 (compatible; web enabled game console)
will probably lead to difficulties to display some websites in a correct manner.
4.12.2 Fake referer

When clicking a hyperlink, the source URL will be submitted to the destination website. This can be turned off
by entering a user defined string. This string will be submitted instead of the real referring URL. This can be
useful to protect your privacy.
Examples:
This replaces the source URL with a reference to the Advanced Proxy:
Referer blocked by Advanced Proxy (http://www.advproxy.net)
To anonymize your referer, you can enter a string like this:
http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Note: This violates the HTTP standard and may sometimes lead to difficulties. Some websites are blocking
requests with an invalid referer to protect themselves against so called deep links or the abuse by “stealing”
graphics from their website.

4.13 URL filter

This enables the URL filter add-on.
The red number between the square brackets indicates the version number of the installed URL filter.
This is an optional configuration item and is only available if the URL filter add-on is installed.
The URL filter add-on integrates in the Advanced Proxy but is not part of the Advanced Proxy package and
must be installed separately.
You can download the URL filter at http://www.urlfilter.net
4.14 Update accelerator

This enables the Update accelerator add-on.
The red number between the square brackets indicates the version number of the installed Update accelerator.
This is an optional configuration item and is only available if the Update accelerator add-on is installed.
The Update accelerator add-on integrates in the Advanced Proxy but is not part of the Advanced Proxy
package and must be installed separately.
Note: There is no SmoothWall version of the Update accelerator ad-on available yet.

5 Authentication configuration
Note: When using authentication and enabling the web proxy log files, the requesting user name will be logged
in addition to the requested URL. Before enabling log files while using authentication, make sure not to violate
existing laws.
5.1 Authentication methods overview

The Advanced Proxy offers a variety of methods for user authentication.
5.1.1 None
Authentication is disabled. Users don‟t need to authenticate when accessing web sites.
5.1.2 Local Authentication

This authentication method is the preferred solution for SOHO environments. Users need to authenticate when
accessing web sites by entering a valid username and password. The user management resides on the
SmoothWall Proxy Server. Users are categorized into three groups: Extended, Standard and Disabled.
5.1.3 Authentication using identd

This authentication method is the preferred solution for environments where
 Authentication must be a “hidden” process without entering username and password
 Proxy service must operate in transparent mode
 Usernames will be used only for logging rather than for authentication
The identd authentication method requires an identd service or daemon running on the client.

5.1.4 Authentication using LDAP

This authentication method is the preferred solution for medium and large network environments. Users will
have to authenticate when accessing web sites by entering a valid username and password. The credentials
are verified against an external Server using the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
LDAP authentication will be useful if you have already a directory service in your network and don‟t want to
maintain additional user accounts and passwords for web access.
Advanced Proxy works with these types of LDAP Servers:
 Active Directory (Windows 2000, 2003 and 2008 Server)
 Novell eDirectory (NetWare 5.x und NetWare 6)
 LDAP Version 2 and 3 (OpenLDAP)
As an option, membership for a certain group can be required.
Note: The protocol LDAPS (Secure LDAP) is not supported by Advanced Proxy.
5.1.5 Windows authentication

This authentication method is the preferred solution for small and medium network environments. Users will
have to authenticate when accessing web sites. The credentials are verified against an external Server acting
as a Domain Controller. This can be a
 Windows NT 4.0 Server or Windows 2000/2003/2008 Server (even with Active Directory enabled)
 Samba 2.x / 3.x Server (running as Domain Controller)
Advanced Proxy works with Windows integrated authentication (transparent) or with standard authentication
(explicit with username and password).
You can maintain lists with authorized user names (whitelist) or unauthorized user names (blacklist).
Note: Workgroup based authentication may probably work, but is neither recommended nor supported.
5.1.6 RADIUS authentication

This authentication method is the preferred solution for small and medium network environments. Users will
have to authenticate when accessing web sites. The credentials are verified against an external RADIUS
server.
You can maintain lists with authorized user names (whitelist) or unauthorized user names (blacklist).

5.2 Global authentication settings

The global authentication settings are available for all authentication methods except for the identd method.
5.2.1 Number of authentication processes

The number of background processes listening for requests. The default value is 5 and should be increased if
authentication takes too long or Windows integrated authentication falls back to explicit authentication.
5.2.2 Authentication cache TTL

Duration in minutes how long credentials will be cached for each single session. If this time expires, the user
has to re-enter the credentials for this session. The default is set to 60 minutes, the minimum will be 1 minute.
The TTL will always be reset when the user sends a new request to the Proxy Server within a session.
Note: If the user opens a new session, the credentials must always be entered, even if the TTL has not
expired for another session.
5.2.3 Limit of IP addresses per user

Number of source IP addresses a user can be logged in at a time. The IP address will be released after the
time defined at User/IP cache TTL.
Note: This takes no effect if running Local authentication and the user is a member of the Extended group.
5.2.4 User/IP cache TTL

Duration in minutes, how long relations between each user name and the used IP address will be cached. The
default value is 0 (disabled).
A value greater than 0 is only reasonable while using a limit for concurrent IP addresses per user.
5.2.5 Require authentication for unrestricted source addresses

By default authentication is required even for unrestricted IP addresses. If you don‟t want to require
authentication for these addresses, untick this box.
5.2.6 Authentication realm prompt

This text will be shown in the authentication dialog. The default is “SmoothWall Advanced Proxy Server”.

5.2.7 Destinations without authentication

This allows you to define a list of destinations that can be accessed without authentication.
Note: Any domains listed here are destination DNS domains and not source Windows NT domains.
Example:
*.advproxy.net
*.google.com
Single hosts
www.advproxy.net
www.google.com
IP addresses
81.169.145.75
74.125.39.103
URLs
Example for Windows Update:
To allow access to Windows Update without authentication add these destinations to the list:
*.download.microsoft.com
*.windowsupdate.com
windowsupdate.microsoft.com

5.3 Local user authentication

The Local user authentication lets you manage user accounts locally without the need for external
authentication servers.
5.3.1 User management

The integrated user manager can be executed from the main settings page.
Min password length

Enter the minimum required length of passwords. The default is set 6 alphanumeric characters.
Bypass redirection for members of the group extended

If any redirector (e.g. like the URL filter add on) is installed, all members of the group Extended will bypass this
redirector.
User management
This button opens the local user manager.

5.3.2 Local user manager

The user manager is the interface for creating, editing and deleting user accounts.
Within the user manager page, all available accounts are listed in alphabetically order.
Group definitions
You can select between three different groups:
Standard The default for all users. All given restrictions apply to this group.
Extended Use this group for unrestricted users. Members of this group will bypass any time and filter
restrictions.
Disabled Members of this group are blocked. This can be useful if you want to disable an account
temporarily without loosing the password.
Proxy service restart requirements
The following changes to user accounts will require a restart of the proxy service:
 a new user account was added and the user is not a member of the Standard group
 the group membership for a certain user has been changed
The following changes to user accounts will not require a restart of the proxy service:
 a new user account was added and the user is a member of the Standard group
 the password for a certain user has been changed
 an existing user account has been deleted

5.3.3 Create user accounts

Username
Enter the username for the user. If possible, the name should contain only alphanumeric characters.
Group
Select the group membership for this user.
Password
Enter the password for the new account.
Password (confirm)
Confirm the previously entered password.
Create user
This button creates a new user account. If this username already exists, the account for this username will be
updated with the new group membership and password.
Back to main page

This button closes the user manager and returns to the Advanced Proxy main page.
5.3.4 Edit user accounts

An user account can be edited by checking the Mark box and pressing the [Edit] button. When editing an user
account, only the group membership or password can be changed.
To save the changed settings, use the button [Update user].
Note: The username can not be modified. This field is read-only. If you need to rename a user, delete this user
and create a new account.
5.3.5 Delete user accounts

An user account can be deleted by checking the Mark box and pressing the [Remove] button. The account will
be deleted immediately.

5.3.6 Client side password management

Users may change their passwords if needed. The interface can be invoked by entering this URL:
https://smoothwall-green-ip:441/cgi-bin/chpasswd.cgi
Note: Replace smoothwall-green-ip with the GREEN IP address of your SmoothWall.
The web page dialog requires the username, the current password and the new password (twice for
confirmation):

5.4 identd authentication

This authentication method uses a client-side running identd for user authentication. Unlike other
authentication methods, identd comes without the “Global authentication settings” section.
In addition to the authentication you can define positive or negative user based access control lists.
5.4.1 Client-side prerequisites

Most Linux based clients already have an ident daemon (identd) installed by default.
For Windows clients, there are several free identd implementations available.
This one works for Windows XP and Vista: http://rndware.info/content/Windows+Ident+Server
Note: Port 113 (TCP) must be opened on client based firewalls.

5.4.2 Common identd settings
Require identd authentication

By default, identd authentication will not be mandatory. This configuration can be useful for logging purposes.
If you want to use identd for enforced authentication, this option must be enabled. Access for clients which
don‟t authenticate using identd will be denied.
Note: The proxy can not run in transparent mode when using mandatory identd authentication.
Require authentication for unrestricted source addresses

If “Require ident authentication” is enabled, authentication will be also required for unrestricted IP addresses. If
you don‟t want to require authentication for unrestricted addresses, untick this box.
Ident timeout
Maximum time in seconds for the Proxy to wait for ident lookups to be completed.
Ident aware hosts

This enables ident lookups for the listed client addresses. Client addresses that are not listed here will not
receive ident requests.
Note: Unlisted clients will gain access without authentication, even if the option “Require ident authentication”
is enabled.
Destinations without authentication

This allows you to define a list of destinations that can be accessed without authentication.
Note: Any domains listed here are destination DNS domains and not source Windows NT domains.
Example:
*.advproxy.net
*.google.com
Single hosts
www.advproxy.net
www.google.com
IP addresses
81.169.145.75
74.125.39.103

URLs
5.4.3 User based access restrictions
Enabled
Enables access control lists for authorized or unauthorized users.
Use positive access control / Authorized users

These listed users will be allowed for web access. For all other users, access will be denied.
Use negative access control / Unauthorized users

These listed users will be blocked for web access. For all other users, access will be allowed.

5.5 LDAP authentication

This authentication method uses an existing directory infrastructure for user authentication.
If you are unsure about your internal directory structure, you can examine your LDAP server using the
command line based ldapsearch tool.
Windows clients can use the free and easy to use Softerra LDAP browser for this:
http://www.ldapbrowser.com

5.5.1 Common LDAP settings
Base DN
This is base where to start the LDAP search. All subsequent Organizational Units (OUs) will be included.
Refer to your LDAP documentation for the required format of the base DN.
Example Base DN for Active Directory:
cn=users,dc=ads,dc=local
This will search for users in the group users in the domain ads.local
Example Base DN for eDirectory:
ou=users,o=acme
This will search for users in the Organizational Unit users (and below) in the Organization acme
Note: If the Base DN contains spaces, you must “escape” these spaces using a backslash.
Example for a Base DN containing spaces:
cn=internet\ users,dc=ads,dc=local
LDAP type
You can select between different types of LDAP implementations:
 Active Directory (ADS)
 Novell eDirectory (NDS)
 LDAP v2 andv 3
LDAP Server
Enter the IP address of your LDAP Server.
Port
Enter the port your LDAP Server is listening to LDAP requests. The default is 389.
Note: The protocol LDAPS (Secure LDAP, port 636) is not supported by Advanced Proxy.

5.5.2 Bind DN settings
Bind DN username
Enter the full distinguished name for a Bind DN user.
Note: A Bind DN user is required for Active Directory and eDirectory.
Note: The Bind DN user must be allowed to browse the directory and read all user attributes.
Note: If the Bind DN username contains spaces, you must “escape” these spaces using a backslash.
Bind DN password
Enter the password for the Bind DN user.
5.5.3 Group based access control
Required group (optional)

Enter the full distinguished name of a group for authorized Internet users.
In addition to a correct authentication, a membership within this group will be required for web access.
Note: If the group name contains spaces, you must “escape” these spaces using a backslash.

5.6 Windows authentication

This authentication method uses an existing domain environment for user authentication.

5.6.1 Common domain settings
Domain
Enter the name of the domain you want to use for authentication. If you are running a Windows 2000 or
Windows 2003 Active Directory, you‟ll have to enter the NetBIOS domain name.
PDC hostname
Enter the NetBIOS hostname of the Primary Domain Controller here. If you are running a Windows 2000 or
Windows 2003 Active Directory, you can enter the name of any Domain Controller.
Note: For Windows 2000 and above the Primary Domain Controller is not assigned to a specific server. The
Active Directory PDC emulator is a logical role and can be assigned to any server.
Important: The PDC hostname must be resolvable for the SmoothWall Server. This can be done by adding
the hostname at “Services / Edit Hosts” (recommended) or by editing the file /etc/hosts directly.
BDC hostname (optional)

Enter the NetBIOS hostname of the Backup Domain Controller here. If you are running a Windows 2000 or
Windows 2003 Active Directory, you can enter the name of any Domain Controller.
If the PDC doesn‟t respond to authentication requests, the authentication process will ask the BDC instead.
Important: The BDC hostname must be resolvable for the SmoothWall Server. This can be done by adding
the hostname at “Services / Edit Hosts” (recommended) or by editing the file /etc/hosts directly.
5.6.2 Authentication mode
Enable Windows integrated authentication

If enabled, the user will not be asked for username and password. The credentials of the currently logged in
user will automatically be used for authentication. This option is enabled by default.
If integrated authentication is disabled, the user will be requested explicitly for username and password.

Enabled
Use positive access control / Authorized domain users

Use negative access control / Unauthorized domain users

Note: If Windows integrated authentication is enabled, the username must be entered with the domain name
as a prefix for the username, separated by a backslash.
Example for user based access control lists using integrated authentication:
Note: When using integrated authentication, the user must be logged in to the domain, otherwise the name of
the local workstation instead of the domain name will be added to the username.

Example for user based access control lists using explicit authentication:
Note: Explicit authentication grants access to the user, even though the user is not logged in to the domain, as
long as the username will be the same and the local workstation password and the domain password does
match.

5.7 RADIUS authentication

This authentication method uses an existing RADIUS server for user authentication.

5.7.1 Common RADIUS settings
RADIUS Server
Enter the IP address of the RADIUS Server you want to use for authentication.
Port
Enter the port that will be used to communicate with the RADIUS Server. The default is port 1812, some
RADIUS servers may use the depreciated port 1645 instead.
Identifier
This is an optional field and can be used to identify your SmoothWall for the RADIUS Server. If this is left
empty, the IP address of your SmoothWall will be used for identification.
Shared secret
This is the shared secret for the authentication of your SmoothWall against the RADIUS Server. This must be
the same password that you have entered at your RADIUS Server.
Enabled
Use positive access control / Authorized users

Use negative access control / Unauthorized users


6 Classroom Extensions configuration (CRE)

6.1.1 Classroom extensions section overview
The classroom extensions section will appear in the Advanced Proxy GUI after the CRE supplement has been
installed (see chapter 3.3). These are the administrative parameters related to the classroom extensions.
6.1.2 Enabled
This enables the Supervisor management interface for the classroom extensions.
Note: After disabling the CRE and restarting the Proxy Server, all groups will be allowed for web access.
6.1.3 Supervisor password

When setting this password, all Supervisor users must have to enter this password for managing web access.
This is an optional configuration item.
Note: For security reasons, either a Supervisor password or Supervisor IP addresses should be defined.
6.1.4 Classroom group definitions

Define your classroom group definitions here. See chapter 6.3 for more details about this.
6.1.5 Supervisor IP addresses

This allows you to define certain IP addresses that will be able to manage web access. This is an optional
configuration item.
This can be used to increase security or to simplify management if you don't want to configure a Supervisor
password.
Note: All machines not listed here will get the management interface in view-only mode.

6.2 CRE security levels

6.2.1 Level 1: No password, no IP address restrictions - no security
All clients will be able to manage web access without any restriction. This is not recommended for production
environments.
Note: Use this for debugging or testing purposes only!
6.2.2 Level 2: Password set, no IP address restrictions - lower security

All clients will be able to manage web access, but a password will be required to save the changes.
This security level is recommended in an environment without special Supervisor computers.

6.2.3 Level 3: No Password, IP restrictions applied - lower security

All clients listed here will be able to change the web access settings. The clients will be identified by their IP
address, a password is not required to save the changes.
Note: If the client IP address is not listed here, the web access management interface will appear in a view-
only mode.
6.2.4 Level 4: Password set, IP restrictions applied - higher security

This is the highest security level for the web access management interface. Only the listed clients can change
the settings, a password will be required to save the changes.
Note: If the client IP address is not listed here, the web access management interface will appear in a view-
only mode.

6.3 Classroom group definitions

6.3.1 Creating group definitions
A classroom group definition looks like this:
[groupname]
client MAC address or client IP address or IP range or IP subnet
Example:
Note: Access will be granted for new groups by default.
6.3.2 Group labels and group names

Each group has a name. This name will be taken from the group definition label. A group name must be
unique.
Group label
A label is a group name in included in square brackets. All clients listed below this label belong to this group.
Group name
A group name is the name that will be shown in the web access management interface. The group name is the
part of a label between the square brackets.
Note: A group name may contain square brackets, but must be included in a pair of additional square brackets
for the group label.
The classroom group definitions may have an unlimited number of group labels.

6.3.3 Client definitions

Each group can have an unlimited number of client definitions. You can use mixed client definitions within a
group, but each definition must be in a single line.
Examples:
Single host (MAC address)

00:00:12:AB:34:CD
Single host (IP address)

192.168.1.11
Host range
192.168.1.11-192.168.1.19
Subnet (netmask notation)

192.168.1.32/255.255.255.240
Subnet (CIDR notation)

192.168.1.32/28

6.4 Custom error messages

If a client will be blocked by the CRE restrictions, the default “Access denied” message will appear:
Creating custom error messages

You can use the HTML file named ERR_ACCESS_DISABLED that will be shown instead.
Depending on the selected error messages design, the destination path may vary:
For the SmoothWall design add this file to the directory
/usr/local/squid/advproxy/errors.swe/language/
or for the standard design to the directory
/usr/local/squid/advproxy/errors/language/

Note: Replace language with the language you have selected at the Advanced Proxy GUI:
Example: /usr/local/squid/advproxy/errors.swe/English/ERR_ACCESS_DISABLED
Note: This file is already included in the Advanced Proxy installation archive but not installed by default.

7 Web Access Management with CRE

7.1 Starting the Web Access Management Interface
The Web Access Management Interface can be started from every client computer:
Open a web browser and enter the URL
https://192.168.1.1:445/cgi-bin/webaccess.cgi
(Replace the address 192.168.1.1 with the IP address of your SmoothWall)
7.1.1 "The management interface has been disabled"

If the Web Access Management Interface has not been yet enabled by the Admin, you'll see this text:
7.1.2 "There are no access groups available"

If the Web Access Management Interface has been enabled, but the Admin didn't define any group, you'll see
this text:

7.2 Managing access groups

The Supervisor will be able to turn web access on or off for the predefined groups. Web access is enabled for
each group by default.
The access can be controlled by clicking the button belonging to the target group.
By default, there are no restrictions and the access can be managed from all clients.
7.2.1 Enabled groups

Enabled groups will be marked green and the toggle button will be shown as "deny":
Note: New groups are enabled and marked as green by default.
7.2.2 Disabled groups

Disabled groups will be marked red and the toggle button will be shown as "allow":

7.3 Restricting management access

The access to the management interface can - and should - be restricted.
7.3.1 Restricting access by password

If the Admin has set a password at the Advanced Proxy GUI, all clients must enter this password before they
can change access for certain groups.
Note: The password must be entered again for each transaction.

7.3.2 Restricting access by IP address

7.3.2.1 Management mode
If the management interface is opened by a client with a listed Supervisor IP address (see chapter 6.1.5), the
interface appears in the management mode:
If the Admin has set a password at the Advanced Proxy GUI, the management will be the same as described
in chapter 7.3.1.

7.3.2.2 View-only mode

If the management interface is opened by a client with an unlisted Supervisor IP address (see chapter 6.1.5),
the interface appears in the view-only mode:

8 Enforcing proxy usage

For different reasons, it may be required that all clients should be enforced to use the proxy service. The
reasons could be mandatory logging, filtering or authentication.
8.1 Web Proxy standard operation modes

8.1.1 Proxy service disabled
SmoothWall proxy settings:
Client access: Disabling the proxy service gives direct access for all clients.
Result: The proxy service will never be used. Logging, filtering and authentication will not be available.

8.1.2 Proxy service enabled, running in non-transparent mode

Client access: All clients without explicit proxy configuration will bypass the proxy service.
Client access: All clients configured for proxy usage will use the proxy for all destination ports (80, 443, 8080,
etc.) and even for browser based FTP access.
Result: It depends on the client configuration whether the proxy service will be used or not. Unconfigured
clients will bypass logging, filtering and authentication.

8.1.3 Proxy service enabled, running in transparent mode

Client access: All requests with destination port 80 will be internally redirected to the proxy service. Requests
with other destination ports (e.g. 443 for https) will bypass the proxy service.
Result: Not all but most requests will pass the proxy service. Therefore filtering, logging and authentication will
not be reliable.

8.2 Client side Web Proxy configuration

There are different ways to configure the clients to use the Web Proxy service. Here are some examples:
8.2.1 Manual client configuration

Configuring clients by applying all proxy settings manually:
 Time-consuming and unreliable

 Configuration required per user
8.2.2 Client pre-configuration

Distributing pre-configured browser clients:
 Only reasonable for medium to large environments

 Works only for the configured client software
IEAK for IE 7: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ieak/

CCK for Mozilla: http://www.mozilla.org/projects/cck/
8.2.3 Client configuration via DNS / DHCP

Centralized client configuration using DNS and/or DHCP:
 Complex implementation
 Require custom proxy.pac or wpad.dat files
 Flexible configuration
 Most browsers support this configuration method
More info: http://www.web-cache.com/Writings/Internet-Drafts/draft-ietf-wrec-wpad-01.txt
8.2.4 Client configuration using group policies

Centralized client configuration using group policies:
 Complex implementation
 Only reasonable for medium to large environments
 Requires a centralized network management system (Active Directory, ZENworks, etc.)
 Flexible and mandatory configuration
 Works only for Win32 clients and certain browser types

8.3 Modifying the firewall rules

All possible proxy operation modes allow further direct web access for unconfigured clients. Therefore, the
firewall may not forward any request for those ports usually used for web access:
Note: This will be the only way to prevent bypassing the proxy service for unauthorized access.
8.3.1 Adding custom rules to iptables

Custom rules can be applied by adding them to the file /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall.up
The following example drops all direct access from inside to the destination ports 80 and 443 outside.
# Set timeouts. 2.5 hours for TCP.

#/sbin/ipchains -M -S 9000 0 0
/sbin/iptables -F
/sbin/iptables -X
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP

/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Block direct web access from inside

/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i $GREEN_DEV -o ppp0 -p TCP --dport 80 -j DROP
/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i $GREEN_DEV -o ppp0 -p TCP --dport 443 -j DROP
# IP blocker
/sbin/iptables -N ipblock
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i ppp0 -j ipblock
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i ippp0 -j ipblock
Note: Each port bocking rule requires a single line.
Note: Replace ppp0 with the name of your RED interface if ppp0 is not your RED interface.
Note: The firewall needs to be restarted after this modification: /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall.up
Note: The recommended ports to be blocked for web access are: 80,81,443,3128,6588,8000,8080,8181
Note: Adding port 21 (FTP) forces web browser based FTP clients to pass the proxy but prevents most native
FTP clients from establishing connections with external FTP hosts.

8.4 Requirements for mandatory proxy usage

To enforce proxy usage, these requirements must be met:
Proper client configuration
The client must be configured to use the proxy service. See chapter 8.2
Correct proxy operation mode
The proxy must operate in non-transparent mode. See chapter 8.1.2
Blocking of direct web access
All direct web access needs to be blocked. See chapter 8.3

8.5 Authentication and additional content filters

If you are running content filters like DansGuardian and/or Privoxy with authentication enabled, Advanced
Proxy must be the first proxy in this chain:
Advanced Proxy settings:
These settings enables client IP address and username forwarding from Advanced Proxy to DansGuardian.
DansGuardian settings:
Required settings for dansguardian.conf
# the IP that DansGuardian listens on.

filterip = 127.0.0.1
# the port that DansGuardian listens to.

filterport = 8080
# the ip of the proxy (default is the loopback - i.e. this server)

proxyip = 127.0.0.1
# the port DansGuardian connects to proxy on

proxyport = 8118
# if on it uses the X-Forwarded-For: <clientip> to determine the client

# IP. This is for when you have squid between the clients and DansGuardian.
usexforwardedfor = on

Privoxy settings:
Required settings for config
# 4.1. listen-address
# ===================
#
listen-address 127.0.0.1:8118
# 5.1. forward
# ============
#
forward / .
Note: The syntax for forwarding is forward <slash> <dot> to forward all requests to it‟s external destination.
Recommended settings for default.action
#############################################################################
# Defaults
#############################################################################
{ \
..
+hide-forwarded-for-headers \
..
}
/ # Match all URLs

9 Active Directory and LDAP authentication

The following guidance is a step-by-step instruction for configuring the authentication using Microsoft Active
Directory Services via LDAP for Advanced Proxy running on SmoothWall.
9.1.1 Configuring LDAP authentication using Microsoft Active Directory Services

Step 1: Create the Bind DN user account
Open the MMC snap-in Active Directory Users and Computers.
Right click on the domain and select New > User from the menu.

Enter the name for the Bind DN user. Make sure that the username does not contain spaces or special
characters.
Enter the password for the Bind DN user and select the options User cannot change password and Password
never expires. Make sure that the option User must change password at next logon is unchecked.

Complete the Wizard to create the Bind DN user. The Active Directory username will be
ldapbind@ads.local
and the LDAP DN will be
cn=ldapbind,dc=ads,dc=local
This account will be used to bind the Advanced Proxy to the LDAP server. This is necessary because Active
Directory doesn't allow anonymous browsing.

Step 2: Grant appropriate access rights to the Bind DN user
Right click the domain and select Delegate Control from the menu.
Start the Control Delegation Wizard and select the ldapbind user account.

Select Create a custom task to delegate.
Restrict delegation to User objects.

Set permissions to Read All Properties.
Now complete the Control Delegation Wizard.
Step 3: Configure Advanced Proxy for LDAP authentication
Open the Advanced Proxy GUI page, select LDAP from the section Authentication method and hit Save.
Note: If you are configuring LDAP authentication for the first time, Advanced Proxy may complain about the
missing LDAP Base DN.
Now enter the following LDAP settings into the Advanced Proxy GUI:
 Base DN: The start where the LDAP search begins

 LDAP type: Active Directory
 LDAP Server: The IP address of your Windows LDAP Server
 Port: The port your Windows Server listens to LDAP requests
 Bind DN username: The LDAP DN of the Bind DN user
 Bind DN password: The password for the Bind DN user
Save the settings and restart the Advanced Proxy by clicking the Save and restart button. Congratulations,
LDAP authentication is working now ...

9.1.2 Configuring LDAP group based access control

Step 1: Create a group for authorized users
Open the MMC snap-in Active Directory Users and Computers.
Right click on the Users folder and select New > Group from the menu.

Enter the name for the new group.
Add all authorized users to this group.
Note: It's possible to add users from different Organizational Units to this group.

Step 2: Configure LDAP authentication with group based access control
Open the Advanced Proxy GUI page, select LDAP from the section Authentication method and hit Save.
Note: If you are configuring LDAP authentication for the first time, Advanced Proxy may complain about the
missing LDAP Base DN.
Now enter the following LDAP settings into the Advanced Proxy GUI:
 Base DN: The start where the LDAP search begins

 LDAP type: Active Directory
 LDAP Server: The IP address of your Windows LDAP Server
 Port: The port your Windows Server listens to LDAP requests
 Bind DN username: The LDAP DN of the Bind DN user
 Bind DN password: The password for the Bind DN user
 Required group: The DN for a group with authorized user accounts
Save the settings and restart the Advanced Proxy by clicking the Save and restart button. From now on, only
members of the given group will be able to access the proxy ...

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advproxy - Advanced Web Proxy

advproxy - Advanced Web Proxy

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 1

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 2

4.5 DESTINATION PORTS ............................................................................................................................. 20

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 3

5.6.2 Authentication mode ...................................................................................................................... 45

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 4

NL: Bjorn Kaag

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 5

2.2 Advanced Proxy feature list

Full GUI integration

 Seamless GUI integration for the Advanced Web Proxy configuration

 Local user authentication, including group based user management

 LDAP authentication, including MS Active Directory, Novell eDirectory and OpenLDAP

 Windows authentication, including Windows NT4.0 or 2000/2003/2008 domains and Samba

Advanced access control

 Network based access control over IP and MAC addresses

 Time based access restrictions

 MIME type filter

 Blocking of unauthorized browsers or client software

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 6

2.3 Classroom Extensions feature list

Full web based access management

Different security levels

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 7

2.4 Legal basis

2.5 Security notes

2.5.2 Firewall rules

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 8

3.2 Installing or updating the Advanced Proxy add-on

Step 4: Extract the installation package using the command

Note: Replace version with the version of the installation package.

Step 5: Start the installation by entering smoothwall-advproxy/install

3.3 Installing the Classroom Extensions (CRE)

Install the Classroom Extensions by entering smoothwall-advproxy/install cre

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 9

3.4 Removing the Advanced Proxy add-on

Step 2: Start the removal process by entering smoothwall-advproxy/uninstall

3.5 Automatic update notification

If there is a newer version available, an update notification will appear:

3.6 Specific problems with official SmoothWall updates

Advanced Proxy doesn’t operate properly after applying an update

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 10

3.7 Including user defined configuration directives

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 11

4 Web Proxy configuration

4.1.1 Enabled on <Interface>

4.1.2 Transparent on <Interface>

4.1.3 Proxy Port

4.1.4 Visible hostname

Release 3.0.3 – Mar 2009 http://www.advproxy.net Page 12

4.1.5 Cache administrator e-mail

4.1.6 Error messages language

4.1.7 Error messages design

There are two different designs: SmoothWall and Standard.

SmoothWall design: Standard design:

4.1.8 Suppress version information

4.1.9 Squid Cache version