Competitions World April 11 New

HÔ s~ü & HÍOÑ≤\+© <¨ û£ =~°Ö¤ò
A Must Magazine for Competitive Exams
APRIL 2011
Volume : 04
Editor
D.V. Raghu Ram
M.A., PGDHRM, DTEM
Note: Although every care has been taken to avoid errors of omission, this publication is being sold on the condition and understanding that information
given in this book is merely for reference and must not be taken as having authority of or binding in any way on the authors, editors, publishers and sellers
who do not owe any responsibility for any damage or loss to any person, a purchaser of this publication or not, for the result of any action taken on the
basis of this work. The publishers shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out correction in the next edition.
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 1

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K« q*Ë`« \©"∞£ WO_çÜ∂«
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
š- „Ì þÕ ƒ¢œË§ÖŒ “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý é’L-Í-ä

«-œ¢¿ Åî ¦μÇª½Åý 275 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ© ©Â~ÃuEo.. 48.2 2$4)©ÊÕ X¾œ’-¿ íšËd é’©ÕX¾Û N¬Çy-®¢¾ Åî «ÜT-
®Ï¢C! ÆGμ«- Ö-ÊÕ© Â¹© ¯çª½„- J-ä a¢C. 28 \@Áx ‹«-ª½©x ð (4 NéÂ{- Âx ¹×) ÍμCä ¢-*¢C. 1996©ð ¤ò-ªáÊ ©¢êÂ§ - áŒ ©- Â¹× Aª½Õ’- ¹Õ©- Eä ®¾«Ö-ŸÄμ Ê¢
ÊÕ¢* «ÜJ®¾Öh «*aÊ Â¹Xý ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ «ÕÊ ©¢Â¹ ÍäA©ð ‡Ÿ¿Õé- ªÊj å®OÕ®ý ‹{-NÕÂË “X¾B- ÍçXpÏ ¢C šÌ„þÕƒ- ¢-œ§ Ë ÖŒ . „Ã¢Èœä æ®dœ§ -Ë ÕŒ ¢©ð
«á¢Tšðx …¢C! ‡¯îo \@ÁÙx Â¹©©Õ’¹E, ÍÃ©Ç- ÂÃª½¢ Bª½Õa-Â¹×¢C. „çáÅÃhE- ÂË 1983©ð “X¾X¢¾ Í- -Œ JÂÃª½Õf ÍŒÖæ®h ƒC åXŸ¿l ©Â¹~u„äÕ. ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ 229
²Äª½Õx Ÿ¿’¹ª-_ ½’Ã «*a.. Âí¯äo@- ÁÙ’x Ã ÆÅŒÕu-ÅhŒ «Õ Â¹Xý ª½Õ* ÍŒÖXÏ¢*- Ê Â¹X©Ï ü œçN©- üqÊÕ ŸμîF X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©ä ÆA-åXŸ¿l ÍμŸä Ê¿ . \ NŸμ¢¿ ’Ã ÍŒÖ®Ï¯Ã
“ÂËéÂšü ‚œ¿ÕÅŒÖ “X¾X¢¾ ÍŒ ¯ç¢¦-ªý«- ¯þ ÆE-X¢Ï Í- ÕŒ - œçÊj „- Õç ši üq «ÕJ-X¢Ï Í- Ãª½Õ. ŸμîFÂË '«Öu¯þ ‚X¶ý
X¾J-®Ïn-ÅŒÕ©Õ “X¾A-Â¹Ø-©„äÕ. Æªá¯Ã ¦©-„çÕiÊ
Â¹×Êo ŸμîF æ®Ê ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ “XX¾ ¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ýÊÖ ²ñ¢ÅŒ¢ Ÿ¿ «ÖuÍýÑ Æ„Ãª½Õf ©Gμ¢Í- ’Œ Ã.. §Œá«-ªÃ-èüÂ¹×
¦ÇušË¢’û ©ãÊj Xý …Êo šÌ„þÕƒ- ¢-œ§ Ë ÖŒ ÍäC¢μ Í- -Œ
Íä®¾Õ-Â¹×¢C. '«Öu¯þ ‚X¶ý Ÿ¿ šðKoÑ Ÿ¿ÂˆË ¢C. šÌ20, «¯äf
’¹©- Ÿ- Ê¿ o Ê«ÕtÂ¹¢. ÂÃF ‚ª½¢¦- ¼μ„Õä ©Â~ÃuEo
šÌ„þÕƒ- ¢-œ§ Ë ÖŒ ÍŒJ“ÅŒ ®¾%†Ï¢d *- ¢C. “XX¾ ¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý©ÊÕ é’L-X¢Ï *- Ê \éÂÂj ¹ ²Äª½C- ’± Ã ŸμîF
éª¢œ¿Õ²- Äª½Õx “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý é’©Õ-ÍÕŒ Â- ¹×Êo «âœî JÂÃª½Õf ®¾%†Ï¢d Í- Ãœ¿Õ. «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ÂË†x ¢d¾ Íä®¢Ï C. šðKo©ð •{ÕdÂ¹× „çÕª½ÕX¾Û
•{Õd’Ã Æ«-ÅJ-Œ ¢-*¢C. …ÅŒˆ¢ª¸¦½ ¼Jμ Å- ¢Œ ’Ã ²ÄTÊ ‚ª½¢¦- Çμ ©- ÊÕ ƒ*aÊ Oêª¢-“Ÿ¿Õœ¿Õ éª¢œî ¦¢AêÂ
¦μÇª½ÅŒ “ÂËéÂšü Ÿä«ÛœÕ¿ ®¾*¯þ Â¹©
åX¶Êj ©ðx ¦μÇª½Åý 6 NéÂ{x ÅäœÄÅî ¡©¢-Â¹ÊÕ ¯çª½-„ä-J¢C. ŸμîF ªÃºË¢-ÍŒ-˜äx-Ÿ¿Êo ¦ÇŸμÄ „çÊÕ-C-J-’Ãœ¿Õ. ²ñ¢ÅŒ „çÕiŸÄ-Ê¢©ð «¢Ÿî
‹œË¢*- ¢C. ’¹¢Hμªý (97; 122 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx 9$4) ¤òªá¢C. ¦μÇª½ÅŒ ¦ÇušË¢’û ©ðÅç¢Åî Æ®¾©- Êjã ¬ÁÅÂŒ ¹¢Åî ÍŒJ“ÅŒ ®¾%†Ï²-d Ähœ- Ê-¿ Õ-Â¹×Êo «Ö®¾ªd ý ÅŒyª½-
¦ÇŸμÄu-ÅÃ-§áŒ ÅŒ ƒEo¢’ûqÂ¹×, ŸμîF (91 ¯Ãš÷šü; ®¾«Õ-§ÕŒ ¢-©ð¯ä ÅçL²- ñ-*a¢C. \œ¿Õ ‹«ª½©x ðæX ’Ã¯ä E“†¾ˆN- Õ¢-ÍÃœ¿Õ. «ÕL¢’¹ OJ-ŸJ-l¿ E 7 ‹«-
79 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx 8$4, 2$6) éÂåXd¯þ ƒEo¢’ûq Åîœ¿- å®£¾Éy’û (0), ˜ã¢œ¿Ö©- ˆªý (18; 14 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx ª½©-x ðæX X¾œ’-¿ íšËd ©¢Â¹Â¹× ¬ÁÙ¦μÇª- ½¢¦- Çμ E- oÍÃaœ¿Õ.
2 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

éÂåXd¯þ 'NEo¢’ûqÑ ÆÅŒÊÕ ¯ç©Â- í-LpÊ ¬ÁÅÂŒ ¹ ¦μÇ’¹²- Äy-«Õu„äÕ «ÖuÍý 15 NéÂ{Õx ²ÄCμ¢* ¦μÇª½ÅŒ N•-§ÖŒ ©ðx ®Ï¢£¾Ç-
®¾Öp´Jh-«Õ¢-ÅŒ-„çÕiÊ ¯Ã§ŒÕ-Â¹-ÅŒy¢Åî «ÕÊ-„Xjç Û¾ „çá’¹œ-_ Ä-EÂË “X¾ŸÄμ Ê ÂÃª½º¢. ’¹¢Hμªý ¦μÇ’- ¹«- Õ-§ÖŒ uœ¿Õ. £¾Çª½s•-´ ¯þ 9 NéÂ{Õx X¾œ’-¿ í-
•{ÕdÊÕ ÊœËX- ®-Ï Õ¾ h¯Ão.. ÆÅŒE- ©ð \Ÿî „çLA. 42« ‹«ªîx »˜ã¯j Ã.. *«J «ª½Â¹× “ÂÌV©ð šÇdœ¿Õ.
¦ÇušË¢’- û©ð ªÃºË¢Í- ˜-Œ Ÿxä Õ¿ .. •{Õd Â¹³Äd©ðx …Êo- EL*, ®ÏÂ¹q-ªýÅî ¦μÇª½-ÅýÂ¹× N•-§ŒÖ-Êo¢-C¢* ®¾ÕDª½` EK-Â¹~º X¶¾L¢-* 28 \@Áx
X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ‚Ÿ¿ÕÂ- î-«˜- Ÿxä Õ¿ .. Æ¢{Ö N«Õª½z©Õ. ‰Åä „çÕiŸÄ-¯ÃEo OœÄœ¿Õ ŸμîF. '«Öu¯þ ‚X¶ý Ÿ¿ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ¦μÇª½Åý «ÕSx “X¾X¾¢-ÍŒ-Â¹-X¾ÛpÊÕ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-
ŠêÂ ŠÂ¹ˆ ƒEo¢-’ûqÅî ‚ N«Õ-ª½z©- E- o¢-šÂË Ì ®¾«Ö- «ÖuÍýÑ Æ„Ãª½Õf ÆÅŒºoä «J¢-*¢C. ¨ N•- Â¹×¢C. «âœ¿Õ ²Äª½Õx œËåX¶¢œ- ¢Ë ’û ÍμÃ¢XÏ§ - ÕŒ ¯þ
ŸμÄÊNÕÍÃaœ¿Õ «Õæ£Ç¢“Ÿ¿®Ï¢’û ŸμîF. Âî£ÏÇx §ŒÕ¢Åî éª¢œ¿Õ “X¾X¢¾ ÍŒ JÂÃ-ª½Õ©f Õ ŸμîF «á¢Ÿ¿Õ ‚æ®ZL- §ŒÖ, ¦©-„Õç Êi ¤òšÌŸ- Ä-ª½Õ©Õ Ÿ¿Â~Ë º- Ç-“X¶ÂÏ Ã,
»{§ŒÖuÂ¹ ŸμîF “ÂÌV©ðÂË Æœ¿Õ’- ¹Õå- X-{’-d Ã¯ä.. „Ã©Çªá. «¯äf “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý ¯çTÊ_ \éÂÂj ¹ NéÂšü ¡©¢Â¹, ¤ÄÂË²- ÄnÊ- Êx Õ Åî®Ïª- Ã-•E ŸμîF-æ®Ê •’¹-
ÆŸä¢šË ¤¶Ä„þÕ©ð …Êo §Œá«-ªÃ-èüÊÕ ÂÃŸ¿E, ÂÌXª¾ ý éÂåXd¯þ ÆÅŒœ.ä šÌ20, «¯äf “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ý©Õ èäÅ-b ’Œ Ã EL-*¢C. ƒC ®¾«Õ†Ïe N•§ŒÕ¢ ÆÊ-
ŸμîF «®¾Õh¯- Ão-œ¢ä šÌ? ÆÊo ®¾¢Ÿä£Ç¾ ¢. ¨ X¾J- ¯çTÊ_ ŠêÂ ŠÂ¹ˆ éÂåXdÊÖ ÆÅŒ¯.ä œ¿¢©ð ®¾¢Ÿä£Ç¾ ¢ ©äŸÕ¿ .
®ÏÅ-n ÕŒ ©ðx ŸμîF ‚œ¿’- ¹©- œÄ ÆÊo ÆÊÕ-«ÖÊ¢. šÇXý-˜ã-¯þ©ð «ÕÊ-„Ã@ìx Ê©Õ-’¹Õª½Õ
ÂÃF.. „Ã{-Eo¢-šFË X¾šÇ-X¢¾ Í- ©Œ Õ Íä®Ö¾ h ²Ä£¾Ç- šÌ„þÕ ƒ¢œË§ÖŒ “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý ²ÄCμ¢-
²ò-æXÅŒ ƒEo¢’ûq ‚œÄœ¿Õ «Õ£ÏÇ. ÆÅŒÊÕ “ÂÌV- ÍŒœ- ¢¿ ©ð X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ© Oª½Õ©- Ÿä ÂÌ©Â- ¹¤- Ä“ÅŒ. Æ¢Ÿ¿ÕêÂ
©ðÂË «Íäa ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖ-EÂË é’©ÕX¾Û ®¾OÕ-Â¹-ª½º¢ ÆÅŒuC- Âμ ¹ X¾ªÕ½ ’¹Õ©Õ Íä®ÊÏ èÇG-ÅÃ©ð «ÕÊ ¦Çušüq-
170 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx 163 X¾ª½Õ-’¹Õ©Õ. ¯ç«ÕtC’Ã «Õ¯þ Ê©Õ-’¹Õª½Õ ²ÄnÊ¢ ®¾¢¤Ä-C¢-ÍÃª½Õ. ®¾*¯þ
ƒEo¢’ûq ‚ª½¢G- ¢μ *- Ê ŸμîF.. ÅŒªÃyÅŒ èðª½Õ ˜ã¢œ¿Ö©- ˆªý (482), ’¹¢Hμªý (393), å®£¾Éy’û
åX¢ÍÃœ¿Õ. ®¾«Õ-§ÖŒ Ê- Õ-Â¹Ø©- ¢’Ã ¦μÇK ³Ä{Õx (380), §Œá«-ªÃ-èü-®¢Ï ’û (362)©Õ šÇXý²- òˆ-
‚œ¿ÕÅŒÖ ª½¯þê- ªš- üÊÕ åX¢ÍÃœ¿Õ. D¢Åî ÆX¾pš- -Ë ª½ª½x èÇG-ÅÃ©ð …¯Ãoª½Õ. ¦÷©-ª½©x ð •£ÔÇª- ý‘- Ç¯þ
ŸÄÂÃ B“« ŠAhœË ‡Ÿ¿Õª- íˆ¢-{ÕÊo ’¹¢Hμªý Â¹ØœÄ 21 NéÂ{Õx ²ÄCμ¢* ³Ä£ÏÇŸþ Æ“X¶C-Ï Åî Â¹L®Ï
æ®yÍŒa’´ Ã ‚œä¢Ÿ- Õ¿ Â¹× O©Õ Â¹LT- ¢C. ’õBÅî šðKo©ð šÇXý ¦÷©-ªý’Ã E©-«’Ã.. §Œá«-ªÃèü
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 3

«Õª½
-«Õª½X¾ÛªÃ-E -„çÕª½ÕX¾Û-©Õ £¾Éu“šËÂ- ú©Õ B®Ï.. éª¢œ¿Õ £¾Éu“šËÂ- ú©Õ Ê„çÖŸ- Êjç ¯Ãœ¿Õ >NÕt... ¯äœ¿Õ §ŒáO
\éÂÂj ¹ “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ý’Ã šðKoêÂ “X¾Åuä Â- ¹ÅŒ ÅçÍÃaª½Õ. “X¾A Â¹XÛ¾ pÂÌ ŠÂ¹ £ÔÇªî …¢šÇœ¿Õ.
1983 “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý ÆÊ-’Ã¯ä åX¶Êj ©ðx
¯çŸª-¿ Ãx¢œ- þqÅî «ÖuÍý©ð *«J «âœ¿Õ NéÂ{- Êx Õ ÆÅŒ¯ä «ÖuÍý©- ÊÕ «Õ©ÕX¾Û AX¾ÛpÅ- Ãœ¿Õ! ÆGμ-
Â¹X©Ï ü ÂÃuÍý ’¹Õªíh®- Õ¾ h¢C. 1996 “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹XýÊÕ
(®Ô©Çªý, ©Öšüq, „çœÂbË ú) «ª½Õ®¾ ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx X¾œ-¿ «ÖÊÕ© «ÕÊ-®Õ¾ Lo Âí©x’- í-œÅ-¿ Ãœ¿Õ! ²ÄŸμÄª- º½- ¢’Ã
ÅŒ©Õ-ÍŒÕ-Â¹×¢˜ä ÂÃyª½d-ªýq©ð ²òå£jÇ©ü - “X¾²ÄŸþ
’íšËd ¨ “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ý©ð ÅíL £¾Éu“šËÂú Ê„çÖŸ¿Õ ¨ £ÔÇªî ‚§ŒÖ •{x ²Ädªý ¦Çušüq-«Õ¯ä ÂÃF
®¾«Õª½¢ Â¹@Á«-x á¢Ÿ¿Õ Â¹Ÿ©-¿ Ç-œÕ¿ Å- ÕŒ ¢C. 1999 “XX¾ ¢¾ -
Íä¬Çœ¿Õ ÂÌ«Õªý ªîÍý. «Õª½Õ®- š¾ Ë ªîèä šðKo©ð ¦÷©ªý ÂÃF Æªá …¢šÇœ¿Õ! ÂÃF 1983, 2011
ÍŒÂ- ¹Xý èÇcXÂ-¾ Ã-©ðxÂË „ç@ìh ‚æ®ZL- §ŒÖÐŸ¿Â~Ë º- Ç-“X¶ÂÏ Ã
ÅíL «ÖuÍý ‚œËÊ «ÕL¢’¹.. éÂ¯ÃuåXj £¾Éu“šËÂú “X¾X¾¢-ÍŒ-Â¹-Xý©Õ ¨ Æ¢ÍŒ-¯ÃLo ÅŒ©-ÂË¢-Ÿ¿Õ©Õ
å®OÕ-åX¶Ê-j ©ü ˜ãj „ç¢šÇœ¿ÕÅ- ÕŒ ¢C. 2003 “X¾X¢¾ Í- -Œ
®¾£É¾ ‚ª½Õ NéÂ{Õx X¾œ’-¿ í-šÇdœÕ¿ . 42« ‹«ªý Íä¬Çªá. ‡«-JÂÌ åXŸ¿’l Ã Æ¢ÍŒ¯- Ã©Õ ©äE ƒŸ¿ªl ½Õ
Â¹Xý «Ö˜ãA- hÅ.ä . ¤ÄÂúåXj ®¾*¯þ P«-ÅÃ¢-œ«¿ ¢
*«J ¦¢AÂË ÅŒÊt-§ýÕÊÕ, 44« ‹«ªý ÅíL ‚{-’Ã@ÁÙx šðKo ‚Ÿ¿u¢ÅŒ¢ •{ÕdÂ¹× ÂÌ©-Â¹-«Õ-
«ÕÊ-®Õ¾ ©ð „çÕŸ¿Õ©- Õ-ÅÕŒ ¢C. 2007 “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý
éª¢œ¿Õ ¦¢ÅŒÕ©- Â¹× Š¢’Ã¢œî, ’ÃÍç©- ÊÕ åXN-L- §ŒÖuª½Õ. •{Õd N•-§ÖŒ ©ðx “X«¾ áÈ ¤Ä“ÅŒ ¤ò†Ï¢-
’¹ÕJ¢* «ÖšÇxœ- ÅË ä «ÕL¢’¹ ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx
§ŒÕ¯þ ÍäJa.. “XX¾ ¢¾ Í- ÂŒ ¹Xý©ð éª¢œ¿Õ²- Äª½Õx £¾Éu“šÂË ú ÍÃª½Õ. „ÃJ©ð ŠÂ¹ª½Õ „çá£ÏÇ¢-Ÿª¿ ý Æ«Õ-ªý¯- ÃŸ±þ
¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ NéÂ{x ÍŒª½a «®¾Õh¢C. ƒ©Ç \ Â¹XÛ¾ p
B®ÏÊ \éÂÂj ¹ ¦÷©-ª½§ - ÖŒ uœ¿Õ. ÆªáÅä «Õªí-Â¹ªÕ½ §Œá«-ªÃ-èü-®¢Ï ’û! ƒŸ¿ªl Õ½ ¦Çušü-
“X¾Åuä Â- ¹ÅŒ ‚ Â¹XÛ¾ pC.
˜ãj «ÖuÍý Åî¯ä ¦¢A-ÅîÊÖ «Öu>Âú Íä®Ï •{ÕdÂ¹× Â¹XýÊÕ
OªÃ-ª½¢¦μ¼¢
“X¾X¾¢-ÍŒ-Â¹-Xý©ð X¾C «ÖuÍý-©ãj-¤ò- ²ÄCμ¢Í- œ-Œ ¢¿ ©ð «áÈu-¤Ä“ÅŒ ¤ò†Ï¢Í- Ãª½Õ. 362
“XX¾ ¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý ÅíL ªîèä Æ¢Ÿ¿J Ÿ¿%†ÏFd X¾ª½Õ’¹Õ©- Õ 15 N- éÂ{- Õx ²Ä-C¢μ *- ‚- ©- üªõ¢-œþ “- X¾-
§ŒÖ§ýÕ! ÆFo \Â¹X- Â-¾ ¹~„Õä .. ÆE EªÃ¬Á Íç¢Ÿ¿Õ-
ÅŒÊ „çjX¾Û AX¾Ûp-Â¹×¢-Ÿ¿¢˜ä ÆC «ÕÊ Oª½ÕœË Ÿ¿ª½zÊ- Å- î § - áŒ O- «- Öu-¯þ ‚- X¶ý Ÿ- ¿ š- ð-Ko Æ- „- Ãª½Õf
ÅŒÕÊo ÆGμ-«Ö-ÊÕ-©Â¹× ÆŸ¿Õs´-ÅŒ-„çÕiÊ N¢Ÿ¿ÕÊÕ
X¶Õ¾ ÊÅä. 50 ‹«ª½Õx E©-¦œ- Å¿ Ã ÆÊo ¬ÁXŸ-¾ Ä± Eo é’©- Õ-ÍÕŒ Â¹×¯- Ão-œÕ¿ . ¯- Ã-©Õ’¹Õ ²Äª½Õx «- Öu-¯- þ ‚- X¶ý -
X¾¢*¢C ¦μÇª½Å- ýÐƒ- ¢-’Ãx¢œþ «ÖuÍý. ®¾*¯þ (120)
ŸÄŸÄ-XÛ¾ ’Ã ¯çª„½- ª-ä ½Õ®¾Öh 48 ‹«ª½x ¤Ä{Õ “ÂVÌ ©ð Ÿ¿ «- Öu-Íý Æ„Ãª½Õf é’©- Õ-ÍÕŒ Â¹×E- ®¾Å- Ãh Í- Ã-šÇ-œÕ¿ .
„çÕª½ÕX- Û¾ ©- Åî ¦μÇª½Åý „çáŸ¿{ 338 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ
EL-ÍÃœ¿Õ å®£¾Éy’û. «ÕJ Æ¢ÅŒæ- ®X¾Û …¯Ãoœ¿¢˜ä..
Íä§ÕŒ œ- ¢¿ Åî «ÖuÍý \Â¹X- Â-¾ ¹~„Õä ÆÊÕ-Â¹×¯- Ão-ª½¢ÅÃ! 1983 šðKo ‚ª½¢¦μ¼¢ ÊÕ¢* ¦Çu{Õ,
\ «¢Ÿî ÂíšËd «Üª½ÕÂ- ¹×¢-šÇœÄ? 175 X¾ª½Õ-
ÂÃF ²ÄZ®ý (158) ¤òªÃ-{¢Åî.. ƒ¢’Ãx¢œþ ÆÊÖ- ¦¢AÅî ŠÂ¹ Íäªá „ä®Ö¾ h «*aÊ „çá£ÏÇ¢-Ÿª¿ ý
’¹Õ©Õ Íä¬Çœ¿Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð 14 ¤¶òª½Õ,x 5 ®ÏÂ¹qª½Õ.x
£¾Çu¢’Ã ©Â¹~uÍ- Ÿ-äμ Ê-¿ Â¹× Íäª½Õ„- ¢jç C. *«J ‹«ªîx Æ«Õ-ªý¯- ÃŸ±þ ÂÌ©Â¹„Õç Êi å®OÕ®ý, åX¶Êj ©ðx Íç©ê- ªT- -
‚œË¢C 140 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ä. “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ý©ð ÆÅŒuC- Âμ ¹
(«á¯ÃX¶ý) ƒ¢’Ãx¢œþ N•-§ÖŒ E- ÂË 14 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ ¤ò-§ÖŒ œ¿Õ. ƒ¢’Ãx¢œ- þÅî å®OÕ-®ý©ð 46 X¾ª½Õ-
²òˆª½Õ Íä®ÊÏ ¦μÇª½ÅŒ ¦Çušüq-„Õç ¯þ’Ã Â¹X©Ï ü æXJ{
Íä§ÖŒ L. 13 X¾ª½Õ’¹Õ©ïÍÃaªá. ²òˆª½Õx ®¾«Õ¢. ’¹Õ©Õ, 2 NéÂ{Õx B®ÏÊ >NÕt, åX¶Êj ©ðx 12 X¾ª½Õ-
JÂÃ-ª½ÕfÊÕ ®¾«Õ¢ Íä¬Çœ¿Õ. ¨ “X¾X¾¢-ÍŒ-Â¹-XýÂ¹×
«ÖuÍý ˜ã.j X¶L¾ ÅŒ¢ ªÃÂ¹×¯Ão “XX¾ ¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ýêÂ «ÜX¾Û ’¹Õ©- êÂ 3 NéÂ{Õx, 26 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ Íä®Ï •{Õd Â¹Xý
ƒŸä ÆÅŒÕu-ÅhŒ «Õ «uÂËh’- ¹ÅŒ ²òˆª½Õ.
Åç*a¢D «ÖuÍý. é’©«œ¿¢©ð ÂÌ©Â- ¹¢’Ã «ÖªÃœ¿Õ. ®¾J’Ã_ §ŒáO
‹w¦ãj¯þ ªÃ®ý Â¹ØœÄ Æ«Õ-ªý¯- Ã-Ÿþ± ©- Çê’ ¯ÃÂõšü ®¾«Õ-ªÃ©ðx Íç©-
¨ “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹X- ý©ð ÆA åXŸ¿l ®¾¢ÍŒ- êªT ‚œÄœ¿Õ. “XX¾ ¢¾ ÍŒ ÍμÃ¢XÏ§ - ÕŒ ¯þ ‚æ®ZL- § - ÖŒ åXj
ÊÖu>- © Ç¢œþ ¦ÇušË ¢ ’û. ¤ÄÂú
©-Ê«- Õ¢˜ä ƒ¢’Ãx¢œ- þåXj ‰ªÃx¢œþ N•-§ÕŒ „äÕ. X¾®-Ï Æ“X¾A- £- Ç¾ ÅŒ N•§ŒÕ §ŒÖ“ÅŒÂ¹× Æœ¿ÕÂ-f ¹{d „ä§ÕŒ -
¦÷L¢’û. 46 ‹«-ª½©x ð 210/6Åî ÂËO®ý 50
Â¹ØÊ «á¢Ÿ¿Õ 328 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ© ©Â¹~u¢. 111 X¾ª½Õ- œ¿¢©ð §ŒáOŸä ÂÌ©Â- ¹¤- Ä“ÅŒ. ‚®Ô®- ýåXj 2 NéÂ-
‹«-ª½Âx ¹× ‡¢ÅŒ ²òˆª½Õ Íä®Õ¾ h¢C? «Õ£¾É Æ¢˜ä
’¹Õ©- êÂ 5 NéÂ{Õx. ƒ¢’Ãx¢œþ N•§ŒÕ¢ ©Ç¢Íμ-Œ {xÅî ¤Ä{Õ ©Â¹~u-Íä-Ÿμ¿-Ê©ð NX¾-K-ÅŒ-„çÕiÊ ŠAh-
250 Æ¢šÇ-ª½¢ÅÃ. ÂÃF *«JÂË ÂËO®ý ²òˆª½Õ
Ê„äÕ ÆÊÕ-Â¹×¢{ÕÊo Æ¢Ÿ¿J- F ÅŒÊ NŸμy¿ ¢-®Â¾ ¹ œË©ð 57 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ Íä®ÊÏ §Œá«-ªÃèü, *ª½Â- Ã©
302. Æ¢˜ä 4 ‹«-ª½©x ð 92 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ. ƒŸ¿¢ÅÃ
ƒEo¢-’ûqÅî N®¾t§ - ÖŒ E- ÂË ’¹ÕJ-Í¬-ä Çœ¿Õ éÂN¯þ ‹w¦¯jã þ “X¾ÅuŒ Jn ¤ÄÂË²- Än¯- þåXj ¦ÇušË¢’- û©ð ÅíL ¦¢AêÂ
ªÃ®ý ˜ä©ªý (131; 124 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx, 8$4, 7$6)
(63 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx 113; 13$4, 6$6). ÆÅŒE Ÿç¦sÂ¹× »˜ã¯j Ã.. ¦÷L¢-’û©ð ÂÌ©Â¹ ®¾«Õ-§ÕŒ ¢©ð éª¢œ¿Õ
NŸμy¿ ¢®¾ N¯Ãu-²Ä© «Õ£ÏÇ«Õ. ÆÅŒE Ÿç¦sÂ¹×
3 NéÂ{x ÅäœÄÅî ‹œË.. X¶Õ¾ ðª½ X¾ªÃ¦μ¼„ÃEo NéÂ{Õx B®Ï «ÖuÍý «Õ©ÕX¾Û A¤Äpœ¿Õ. åX¶Êj ©ðx
ÆÂ¹hªý ŠêÂ ‹«ªîx 28 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ ®¾«ÕJp¢˜ä..
«â{-’¹{- ÕdÂ- ¹×¢C ƒ¢’Ãx¢œþ. ©¢Â¹åXj 2 ÂÌ©Â¹ NéÂ{Õx B§ŒÕœ- „¿ Õä ÂÃÂ¹ (21
ª½èÇÂú 30 ƒÍŒÕa-Â¹×¯- Ãoœ¿Õ. 111 ¦¢ÅŒÕ©ðx 76
£¾Éu“šËÂúq X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©- Åî …Êo ˜ä©ªý.. «Õªî 13 ¦¢ÅŒÕ- ¯Ãš÷šü) Â¹œ¿-ŸÄÂÃ ŸμîFÅî “ÂÌV©ð EL*
ŠÂ¹ˆ ªîV «u«-C©μ ð ƒŸ¿ªl ½Õ ¦÷©ª½Õx ©ðx¯ä 55 X¾ª½Õ’- ¹Õ©Õ Íä¬Çœ¿Õ. •{ÕdÊÕ N•-§ÕŒ B- ª- Ã-©Â¹× ÍäªÃaœ¿Õ.
4 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
[#QÆ}# 2011
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
ÂíÅŒh ¬ÁÅÃ-¦¢l ©ð Ÿä¬Á¢ ÍçÅj Ê-Œ u-«¢-Å-Œ

«Õ-«ÛÅ- î¢C. •¯Ã¦μÇ E§ŒÕ¢-“ÅŒº N†¾§ - ÕŒ ¢©ð
X¾Ûªî-’¹N- Õ-²òh¢C. «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© X¾{x «ÕÊ „çÈj J
Âí¢ÅŒ „çÕª½Õ’- ¹«- ÛÅ- î¢C. ÍŒŸÕ¿ «Û “¤Ä«á-Èu-ÅÊŒ Õ
’¹ÕJh¢Í- {-Œ ¢-©ðÊÖ «ÕÊ ®¾«Ö•¢ „äÕ©ïˆ¢-šð¢C.
X¶L¾ Å- ¢Œ ’Ã ¨ ª½¢’Ã©ðx 2001 ¯ÃšË Â¹¢˜ä 2011
¯ÃšËÂË Âí¢ÅŒ ²ÄÊÕ-Â¹Ø© X¶L¾ Å- Ã©Õ Â¹EX- ®-Ï Õ¾ h-
¯Ãoªá. '2011 •¯Ã¦μÇ ’¹ºÊÑ ’¹ºÇ¢-ÂÃ©Õ ¨
®¾JÂ- íÅŒh Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ Åçª½ OÕCÂË ÅçÍÃaªá. ÅŒª½¢
«Öª½ÕÅ- ÕŒ Êo ÅŒª½Õº- ¢©ð ÂíÅŒh ÅŒª½¢ ‚©ð-ÍÊ-Œ ©Ö
«Öª½ÕÅ- ÕŒ ¯- Ão-§ÕŒ E ÅÃèÇ ’¹ºÇ¢-ÂÃ©Õ ®¾p†¾¢d Íä®Õ¾ h-
¯Ãoªá. “X®¾ Õ¾ hÅŒ Ÿä¬Á •¯Ã¦μÇ 121 Âî{xÂ¹× ÍäJ¢C.
ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©Õ 63.72 (51.54]) Âî{Õx,
«Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©Õ 58.64 (48.46]) Âî{Õx. «áÈu¢’Ã
’¹Å¢Œ ©ð “X¾A „çªáu-«Õ¢C X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Â¹× 933
«Õ¢C ®ÔY©Õ¢-œ¿’Ã ¨ X¾Ûª½Õ†¾, «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©
ŸÄ«Ö³Ä ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 940ÂË åXJ-TÊ- {Õd ÅÃèÇ ’¹ºÇ¢-
ÂÃ©Õ ®¾Ö*-®Õ¾ h¯- Ãoªá. 0Ð6 \@Áx «§ŒÕ®- Õ¾ qÊo
XÏ©©x ðx «Ö“ÅŒ¢ ¨ ŸÄ«Ö³Ä 914êÂ X¾JN- ÕÅŒ¢
ÂÃ«œ¿¢ ‚¢Ÿî-@ÁÊÂ¹ª½„- Õç Êi Æ¢¬Á¢.
•¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ ÅŒT_¢C
2001 •¯Ã¦μÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ©- Åî ¤òLæ®h 2011
¯ÃšËÂË «ÕÊ Ÿä¬Á •¯Ã¦μÇ 18.1 Âî{Õx åXJ-
T¢C.
2001Ð11 Ÿ¿¬Ç¦l ÂÃ©¢©ð 17.64 ¬ÇÅŒ¢
•¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ Ê„çÖŸ- ¢jç C. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð
X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ © «%Cl´ 17.19], «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© «%Cl´
18.12 ¬ÇÅŒ¢. 1911Ð1921« Ÿ¿¬Ç-¦ÇlEo NÕÊ-
£¾É-ªáæ®h ƒX¾pšË «ª½Â¹Ø ÆA ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ«
•¯Ã¦μÇ «%Clê-´ ª{Õ Ê„çÖŸ- Êjç ÅíL Ÿ¿¬Ç¦l¢
ƒŸä (2001Ð2011).
Ÿä¬Á¢©ð •¯Ã-¦Çμ X- ª-¾ ½¢’Ã ÅíL ‚ª½Õ²- Än¯- Ã©ðx
EL- * Ê ªÃ³ÄZ © ðx •¯Ã- ¦ μ Ç - « %- C l ´ - ê ª {Õ
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 5

1991Ð2001 «ÕŸμ ¿ u - Â Ã- © ¢Åî ¤òLæ®h 1.05 Âî{x «Õ¢C …¯Ãoª½Õ. Ÿä¬Á¢ „çáÅŒh¢ …¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒ@ÁÙx ©äÂ¹×¢œÄ ‚ª½Õ¦- § - ÕŒ {, ªîœ¿x
2001Ð2011 «ÕŸμ¿u-ÂÃ-©¢©ð ’¹º-F-§ŒÕ¢’Ã OÕŸ¿ ¨ ªÃ³ÄZ©ðx …Êo XÏ©©x ®¾¢Èu 52 OÕŸ¿ ÂÃ©¢ ’¹œÕ¿ X- Û¾ Å- ÕŒ Êo ÂîšÇxC «Õ¢CF
ÅŒ’¹{_ ¢ N¬ì†¢¾ . ¬ÇÅŒ¢. ©ãÂËˆ¢-ÍÃª½Õ.
…ÅŒhª - ½“- X¾Ÿ- ¬ä ü: 25.85] ÊÕ¢* 20.09] ®ÔXY ¾Û-ª½Õ-†¾ß© ŸÄ«Ö³Ä: ’¹ÅŒ Ÿ¿¬Ç¦l ÂÃ©¢©ð Ÿä¬Á •¯Ã¦μÇ ŸÄŸÄX¾Û
«Õ£¾Éª - Ã†¾:Z 22.73] ÊÕ¢* 15.99] * Ÿä¬Á„- Ãu-Xh¾ ¢’Ã X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©Õ, ®Ô©Y ŸÄ«Ö³Ä 18 Âî{Õx åXJ-’Ãª½Õ. êÂ«©¢ ¨ åXª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- -¿
H£¾Éªý: 28.62] ÊÕ¢* 25.07] 7 ¤Äªá¢{Õx åXJ-T¢C. 2001©ð “X¾A ©¯ä ÍŒÖ®¾ÕÂ- ¹×¯Ão ƒC ª½«- Öª½N- Õ “¦ã>©ü
X¾Pa-«Õ-¦¢ã ’
„çªáu-«Õ¢C X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Â¹× ®Ô©Y Õ 933 «Õ¢C •¯Ã-¦Çμ Åî ®¾«ÖÊ¢!
- Ã©ü: 17.77 ÊÕ¢* 13.93]

‚¢“Ÿμ“-¿ X¾Ÿ
…¢œ¿’Ã.. 2011 ¯ÃšËÂË ®Ô©Y ®¾¢Èu 940ÂË Ÿä¬Á¢©ð ¦ÇL-Â¹© X¾{x N«Â¹~ ƒ¢ÂÃ Åí©-
- ¬ä ü: 14.59 ÊÕ¢* 11.10]
åXª½’- ¹{¢ N¬ì†¢¾ . 1971 ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ƒŸä ÆÅŒÕu- T-¤ò-©Ÿ-ä E¿ ÅÃèÇ •¯Ã¦μÇ ’¹ºÊ ®¾p†¾¢d
«ÕŸμu¿ “- X¾Ÿ - ¬ä ü: 24.26] ÊÕ¢* 20.30]ÂË ÅŒh«Õ JÂÃªý.f 1961 Â¹¢˜ä ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ«. ¨ Íä²òh¢C. ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x X¾{x N«Â¹~ Åí©-T¢-
ÅŒT_¢C. ŸÄ«Ö³Ä 29 ªÃ³ÄZ-©Õ/-êÂ¢-“Ÿ¿-¤Ä-LÅŒ Íä¢Ÿ- Õ¿ Â¹× ‡¢ÅŒ N®¾h%ÅŒ “X¾ÍÃª½¢ Íä®¯Ï Ã..
Ÿä¬Á •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð 85 ¬ÇÅÃEo ‚“Â¹N - Õ¢-*Ê “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx åXJ-T¢C. ƒX¾pš- ÂË Ì «Õ’¹X- ©-Ï ©x Â¹¢˜ä ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x ®¾¢Èu
25 ªÃ³ÄZ©Õ/ êÂ¢“Ÿ¿ ¤ÄLÅŒ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ©ðx * 2001Åî ¤òLæ®h •«ât-ÂÃ-Qtªý, H£¾Éªý, ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã¯ä …¢šð¢C. 2001 •¯Ã¦μÇ ’¹º-
„ÃJ¥Â¹ •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ 2 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ Â¹¢˜ä ’¹Õ•-ªÃ-Åý©- ©ð X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©Õ, ®Ô©Y ŸÄ«Ö³Ä Ê©ð “X¾A „çªáu «Õ¢C «Õ’¹ XÏ©©-x Â¹×
ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ«’Ã …¢C. ÅŒT_¢C. 927 «Õ¢C ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x Õ …¢œ¿’Ã.. ÅÃèÇ
ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾uÅŒ: * Ÿä¬Á¢©ð NÕ’¹ÅÃ ÆEo ªÃ³ÄZ© Â¹¢˜ä êÂª½- ’¹ºÊ- ©ð 914 «Õ¢Ÿä …Êo{Õd „ç©œ-x ¢jç C.
2001Åî ¤òLæ®h ÆÂ¹~ª - Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ 64.83 ÊÕ¢* @Á©ð «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ®¾¢Èu ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¢C. ®ÔXY Û¾ ª- ½Õ†- ß¾ © ®¾¢Èu©ð ÂíCl’Ã „çÕª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- ©¿
74.04 ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂË ÍäJ 9.21 «%Cl´-êª{Õ ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ “X¾A „çªáu «Õ¢C X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Â¹× …¢C. 2001 ’¹ºÊ- ©ð “X¾A „çªáu «Õ¢C
Ê„çÖŸ¿Õ Íä§ÕŒ {¢ «Õ¢* X¾Jº- Ç«Õ¢. 1084 «Õ¢C «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á-©Õ-¯Ãoª½Õ. 1038 X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Â¹× 933 «Õ¢C ®Ô©Y Õ …¢œ¿’Ã..
ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾uÅŒ N†¾-§ŒÕ¢©ð 2001Ð11 «ÕŸμ¿u «Õ¢CÅî X¾ÛŸÕ¿ Í- aä J éª¢œî ²ÄnÊ¢©ð EL- ÅÃèÇ ’¹ºÊ- ©ð ®Ô©Y ®¾¢Èu 940ÂË åXJ-
ÂÃ©¢©ð 38.82 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «%Cl´ Ê„çÖŸ¿Õ *¢C. êÂ«©¢ 618 «Õ¢C ®Ô©Y Åî œ¿§â Œ u, T¢C.
Æªá¢C. X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©ðx 31.98 ¬ÇÅŒ¢, «Õ£ÏÇ- œÄ«Õ¯þ ‚ÈJ ²Än¯ÃEo ‚“Â¹N- Õ¢-*¢C. “X¾®Õ¾ hÅ¢Œ Ÿä¬Á¢©ð …Êo ‚êª@- Á©-x ðX¾Û *Êo-
@Á©ðx 49.10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Õ¢C ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®Õ¾ u©Õ •Ê ’¹ºÊ: XÏ©- ©x ®¾¢Èu 15.8 Âî{Õx! 2001 ’¹ºÊ- Åî
Ÿä¬Á¢ „çáÅŒh¢ OÕŸ¿ ÆÅŒuC
åXJ-’Ãª½Õ. - Âμ ¹ •¯Ã¦μÇ ’¹© ¤òLæ®h OJ ®¾¢Èu 50 ©Â¹~©Õ ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ«.
“X¾®Õ¾ hÅ¢Œ 7 \@ÁÂx ¹× åXj¦œ - ÊË „ÃJ©ð ÆÂ¹~- ªÃ†¾¢Z …ÅŒhª½ “X¾Ÿ¬ä ü. ‚ ªÃ†¾¢Z “X¾®Õ¾ hÅŒ ÆGμ«- %-CÂ´l Ë ÂÌ©Â- ¹„- Õç Êi ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ N†¾§ - ÕŒ ¢©ð
ªÃ-®Õ¾ u© ¬ÇÅŒ¢ 74 ¬ÇÅŒ¢. •¯Ã¦μÇ 20 Âî{Õx! (ƒC “¦ã>©ü «¢šË Ÿä¬Á„- ÃuX¾h X¾J®- Å-nÏ ÕŒ ©ðx Âí¢ÅŒ „çÕª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- ©¿
XÏ©x©Õ ÅŒ’¹Õ_-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoª½Õ: Ÿä¬Ç© •¯Ã¦μÇ Â¹¢˜ä Â¹ØœÄ ‡Â¹×ˆ«). …¢C. 7 \@ÁÙx åXj¦œ- ÊË „ÃJ©ð ’¹ÅŒ (2001)
2001Ð2011 •¯Ã¦μÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ©ðx 0Ð6 «§ŒÕ- ÅŒªÃyÅŒ 11.2 Âî{x •¯Ã-¦μÇÅî éª¢œî ’¹ºÊ- ©ð 65 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Õ¢Ÿä ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®Õ¾ u-©Õ¢-
®¾Õq-’¹© XÏ©©x «%Clê-´ ª{Õ 3.08 ÅŒT¢_ C. ²ÄnÊ¢©ð …¢C «Õ£¾Éª- Ã†¾.Z œ¿’Ã ÅÃèÇ 2011 ’¹ºÊ- ©ð OJ ®¾¢Èu 74
ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð «Õ’¹X- ©-Ï ©x «%Cl´ 2.42 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ’¹ÅŒ 90 \@Á©x ð «ÕÊ Ÿä¬Á¢©ð •¯Ã¦μÇ ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂË åXJ-TÊ- {Õd „ç©œ-x ¢jç C. ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ -
ÅŒ’¹’_ Ã, ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x «%Cl´ êª{Õ 3.80 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «%Cl´ êª{Õ ÅíL-²Ä-J’Ã ÆÊÖ-£¾Çu¢’Ã ÅŒ©ð 9.21 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ åXª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- ©¿ Ê„çÖŸ- ¢jç C.
„äÕª½ ÅŒT¢_ C. ÅŒT¢_ C. 2001 •¯Ã¦μÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ©ðx 21.54] ÆªáÅä Ÿä¬Á •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð 26] ƒX¾pš- ÂË Ì
Eª½Â- ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ Å- ©-Œ ð¯ä …¯Ãoª½Õ.
„çáÅŒh¢ •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð 0Ð6 «§ŒÕ® - Õ¾ q-’¹© XÏ©©x …Êo «%Cl´ êª{Õ.. ÅÃèÇ ’¹ºÊ- ©ð 17.64]
Â¹× ÅŒT¢_ C. ®¾yÅŒ¢“ÅŒ¢ ÆÊ¢-ÅªŒ ½¢ «%Cl´ •¯Ã¦μÇ ®¾¢Èu©ð “XX¾ ¢¾ Í- ¢Œ ©ð Íç¯j Ã ÅŒªÃyÅŒ
®¾¢Èu 2001©ð 15.9 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÂÃ’Ã 2011
¯ÃšËÂË ÆC 13.1 ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂË ÅŒT¢_ C. Æ¢˜ä êª{Õ ƒ¢ÅŒ ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã Ê„çÖŸ¿Õ ÂÃ«{¢ «ÕÊŸä éª¢œî ²ÄnÊ¢.“X®¾ Õ¾ hÅŒ Íç¯j Ã •¯Ã¦μÇ
2.8 ¤Äªá¢{Õx ÅŒ’¹Õ«-_ áÈ¢ X¾š¢dË C. ƒŸä “X¾Ÿ«¿± Õ¢. 134 Âî{Õx! 2030 ¯ÃšËÂË ¦μÇª½ÅŒ •¯Ã¦μÇ
- Õ¾ q-’¹© XÏ©©x Õ …ÅŒhª- ½“- X¾Ÿ- ¬-ä ü©ð ÅÃèÇ ’¹ºÊ- ©ð èÇB-§ÕŒ ÅŒÅî ®¾¢¦¢Ÿμ¢¿
®¾¢Èu Íç¯j ÃÊÕ NÕ¢*-¤ò-ÅÕŒ ¢-ŸÊ-¿ oC ‰ªÃ®¾
0Ð6 «§ŒÕ®
©äÂ¹×¢œÄ.. Ÿä¬Á¢©ð E„Ã®¾¢ …Êo „çáÅŒh¢ Æ¢ÍŒ¯Ã.
2.97 Âî{Õx, H£¾Éª- ý©ð 1.86, «Õ£¾Éª- Ã-†©Z¾ ð
•¯Ã¦μÇ ®¾¢ÈuÊÕ ©ãÂˆË ¢-ÍÃª½Õ. OJ©ð ¤ÄÂË- ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®Õ¾ u©ðx X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©Õ 82.14] ÂÃ’Ã
1.28, «ÕŸμu¿ “- X¾Ÿ- ¬-ä ü©ð 1.05, ªÃ•-²Än¯- þ©ð
²ÄnF B“«-„ÃC Æ•t©ü Â¹®¦¾ ü «¢šË„- Ãª½Ö ®Ô©Y Õ 65.46]
6 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 7
Â¹ØœÄ «%Cl´ êª{Õ ÆŸ¿Õ-X¾Û©ð …¢Ÿ¿E ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂË åXJ-T¢C.
ªÃ†¾Z •¯Ã¦μÇ 11.10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ Æ¢ÍŒ¯Ã. ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®Õ¾ u©Õ å£jÇŸ¿ª- Ã-¦ÇŸþ >©Çx©ð ÆCμ-

åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-Ÿ¿© ªÃ†¾¢Z ©ð •Ê-²Ä¢-“ŸÅ-¿ ÊŒ Õ X¾JQ- L- æ®h... ÍŒŸ-¿ Â¹¢’Ã 80.96¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÂÃ’Ã ÅŒª„½- ÃA ²Än¯Ã©ðx
ªÃ†¾Z •¯Ã¦μÇ ’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð êÂ«©¢ ª½XÛ¾ ÂË©ð-OÕ-{ª½Õ (ÍŒ.ÂË.O- Õ.)Â¹× ®¾’¹{- ÕÊ ª½¢’Ã-éªœËf 78.05, Â¹%³Äg 74.37 …¯Ãoªá.
84,55,526 «Ö“Å„Œ Õä åXJT¢C. Ÿä¬Á¢©- ðE ªÃ³ÄZ- E«®Ï¢Íä„- ÃJ ®¾¢Èu 2001©ð 277 ÂÃ’Ã ÆA ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ« ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ Å- ÅŒ î «Õ£¾Ç¦- Ö-¦ü-Ê-
©-Eo¢-šÅË î ¤òLæ®h êÂª½@Á, ’î„Ã© ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ‚¢“Ÿ-¿μ ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 308ÂË åXJ-T¢C. ’¹ªý >©Çx 56.06 ¬ÇÅŒ¢Åî Æ{dœ- Õ¿ ’- ¹ÕÊ
“X¾Ÿ- ¬ä ü©ð «Ö“ÅŒ„Õä ƒ¢ÅŒ ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ« •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ •Ê-²Ä¢-“Ÿ¿Å- ©Œ ð å£jÇŸ¿ª- Ã-¦ÇŸþ >©Çx Æ“’¹- …¢œ¿’Ã DE ÅŒª½„- ÃA ²Än¯Ã©ðx N•-§ÕŒ Ê- -
êª{Õ Ê„çÖŸ- ¢jç C. ÅÃèÇ’Ã Nœ¿ÕŸ- ©¿ Íä®ÊÏ 2011 ²ÄnÊ- ¢©ð …¢C. ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ÍŒ.ÂË.OÕ.Â¹× 18,480 ’¹ª½¢ 59.49, Â¹ª½Öo©Õ 61.13 …¯Ãoªá.
•Ê ’¹ºÊ N«-ªÃ©Õ ªÃ³ÄZE- ÂË ®¾¢¦¢-C¢μ *- Ê «Õ¢C …¢œ¿’Ã ÅŒª½„- ÃA ²Än¯Ã©ðx ª½¢’Ã- ‚œ¿-P-¬ÁÙ-«Û©Õ «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ÅŒ’¹Õ_-Ÿ¿©
ƒ{Õ-«¢šË ‡¯îo ‚®¾Â- hË Â- ¹ª- ½„- Õç Êi Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ „ç©-x éªœËf 707, Â¹%³Äg 519 >©Çx©- Õ-¯Ãoªá.
ªÃ†¾¢Z ©ð X¾®X-Ï ©-Ï ©x ®¾¢Èu ¦Ç’Ã ÅŒ’¹Õ-_
œË®- Õ¾ h¯- Ãoªá. 1991Ð2001 Ÿ¿¬Ç-¦¢l Åî ¤òLæ®h ‚C-©Ç-¦ÇŸþ >©Çx©ð •Ê-²Ä¢-“Ÿ¿ÅŒ ÆA Åî¢C. *Êo Â¹×{Õ¢-¦„äÕ *¢ÅŒ©- Eä Â¹×{Õ¢-¦-
“X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ 2001Ð2011Ÿ¿¬Ç-¦l¢©ð ªÃ†¾Z •¯Ã¦μÇ ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢C. ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ÍŒ.ÂË.O- Õ.Â¹× 170 «Õ¯ä Ÿμîª½ºÌ “X¦¾ ©- Õ-ÅÕŒ ¢-œ{-¿ „äÕ ƒ¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ÂÃª½º¢.
êÂ«©¢ 11.10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ åXJT¢C. «Õ¢C E«-®Ï-®¾Õh¢-œ¿’Ã ÂÃ’Ã ÅŒª½-„ÃA ŠÂ¹ˆ Gœ¿Åf î ®¾Jå- X-{ÕdÂ- ¹×¯ä Â¹×{Õ¢-¦Ç© ®¾¢Èu
2010Ð11 •¯Ã¦μÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ© æ®Â¹ª- ½º ’¹ºÇ¢Â¹ N«- ²Än ¯ Ã©ðx È«Õt¢ 175, Â¹ œ ¿ X ¾ 188 “Â¹«Õ¢’Ã ÆCμÂ- ¹«- Õ-«ÛÅ- î¢C. ¨ Ÿμîª½ºÌ ÆCμÂ- ¹-
ªÃ-©ÊÕ “ÂîœÎÂ- ¹J- ¢* “¤ÄŸ±N-¿ ÕÂ¹ N«-ªÃ-©ÊÕ ªÃ†¾Z >©Çx©Õ¯Ãoªá. «Õ-«œ¿¢ «©x¯ä •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð X¾®X-Ï ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÅŒ’¹Õ-_

®¾¢ÍÃ-©Â- ¹×ª- Ã©Õ „ç.j N.-ÆÊ- Ö-ªÃŸμ¿ Nœ¿ÕŸ- ©¿ Íä¬Çª½Õ. “X¾®Õ¾ hÅ¢Œ «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z „çáÅŒh¢ •¯Ã¦μÇ 8 «áÈ¢ X¾š¢dË C. DEÂË Åîœ¿Õ ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï Êx Õ Â¹Êœ¿¢
ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð «á‘Çu¢-¬Ç©Õ... Âî{x 46 ©Â¹~© 65 „ä© 533. OJ©ð X¾Ûª½Õ- ¦μÇª½¢’Ã ¦μÇN-®Õ¾ hÊo „Ãª½Õ Âí¢Ÿ¿é- ªÅj ä Gœ¿f Â¹œÕ¿ -
ªÃ†¾Z¢-©ð-éÂ©Çx ÆÅŒu-Cμ-Â¹¢’Ã ª½¢’Ã-éªœËf †¾ß©Õ 4 Âî{x 25 ©Â¹~© 9 „ä© 881 X¾Û©ð …¢œ¿’- Ã¯ä ²ÄÊ¢’û ŸÄyªÃ ‚œ¿X©Ï x ÆE
>©Çx©ð ’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ «Õ¢C ÂÃ’Ã, «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©Õ 4 Âî{x 21 ©Â¹~© Åç©Õ-®Õ¾ Â- ¹×E ’¹ª½s“-´ ²Ä-„Ã©Õ Íäªá¢-ÍÕŒ Â- ¹×¯ä „Ãª½Õ
48.15 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ …¢C. DE ÅŒª„-½ ÃÅŒ ²Än¯Ã©ðx 55 „ä© 652 «Õ¢C …¯Ãoª½Õ. «ÕJ-Âí¢-Ÿª¿ ½Õ. ƒ©Ç¢šË „ÃJ «©x å®jÅ¢Œ „çáÅŒh¢

«Õ£¾Ç¦- Ö-¦ü-Ê’- ¹ªý 15.03, Â¹ª½Öo©Õ 14.65 ®Ô©Y Ö, X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß©Ö ÂÃE 'ƒÅŒ-ª½Õ©Ñ N«- •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð ‚œ¿P¬ÁÙ«- Û© ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ¦Ç’Ã ÅŒ’¹ÕÅ-_ î¢C.
…¯Ãoªá. ªÃ©Õ æ®Â¹J- ¢-*¯Ã „ÃJ N«-ªÃ©Õ “X®¾ Õ¾ hÅ¢Œ ÅÃèÇ •¯Ã¦μÇ ©ãÂ¹ˆ©Õ ¨ N†¾§ - ÖŒ Eo Ÿμ%¿ O-Â¹-
ÆA ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ« «%Cl´ êª{Õ X¾Pa«Õ ’îŸÄ-«- J-®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá.
X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ © èÇG-ÅÃ-©ð¯ä Â¹LXÏ “XÂ¾ ¹š- ¢Ë Í- Ãª½Õ.
2001 ’¹ºÊ ¯ÃšËÂË ªÃ†¾Z •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð ‚êª-
J©ð 3.45 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ Ê„çÖŸ¿ÕÂÃ’Ã DE ÅŒª½- ÅŒÕC ©ãÂ¹ˆ©Õ Nœ¿ÕŸ- ©¿ Íä§ÕŒ œ- Ä-EÂË «Õªî
„ÃÅŒ ²Än¯Ã©ðx N•-§ÕŒ Ê- ’- ¹ª½¢ 4.16, å£jÇŸ¿- \œÄC X¾œÕ¿ Å- ÕŒ ¢C. ®¾«Õ-“’¹¢’Ã ƒÍäa{- X- Û¾ pœ¿Õ @Á©-x ðX¾Û XÏ©©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ 13.35 ÂÃ’Ã ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ
ªÃ-¦ÇŸþ éªN- Ê- Öu >- ©- Çx 4.71 …- ¯Ãoªá. X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ © ÊÕ¢* „ÃJN Nœ¿D- ®Ï “X¾Â¹š- -Ë ÆC ÂÃ²Äh 10.21ÂË X¾œ¤-Ë ò-ªá¢C.
ªÃ†¾Z ªÃ•-ŸÄμ E ÍŒÕ{ÕdX
2001 •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð ‚êª@- Á©
- Â-¾ ¹ˆ© E«-®¢Ï Íä „ÃJ ²Ähª½Õ. -x ðX¾Û «§ŒÕ®¾Õ ’¹©
®¾¢Èu ’¹ºF- § - ÕŒ ¢’Ã åXª½’- ¹œ- ¢¿ Åî ª½¢’Ã- 7.3 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ åXJ-TÊ ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾uÅŒ «Õ’¹X- ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ 13.46, ‚œ¿X- ©Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢

éªœËf >©Çx©ð «%Clê´ ª{Õ ÆÅŒuC- Â-μ ¹¢’Ã Â¹E- 13.23 ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ „ÃJ ¬ÇÅÃ©Õ «ª½-®¾’Ã
ªÃ†¾¢Z ©ð ’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ 7.30
XÏ-²òh¢C. 10.46Â¹×, 9.95Â¹× X¾œ¤-Ë ò-§ÖŒ ªá.
¬ÇÅŒ¢ åXJ-T¢C. 2001©ð 60.47 ¬ÇÅŒ-
„çÕŸ¿Âú Â¹ØœÄ å£jÇŸ¿-ªÃ-¦ÇŸþ©ð Â¹©®Ï
«á¢-œ’¿ Ã ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 67.77Â¹× åXJ-T¢C.

…¢œ¿{¢ «©x ¨ >©Çx-©ðÊÖ •¯Ã¦μÇ
\œä@- ÁÂx ¹× åXj’Ã «§ŒÕ®- Õ¾ Êo „ÃJ©ð ÍŒŸ-¿
«%Cl´ êª{Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{- Õ-Â¹¯Ão ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã
«œ¿¢, ªÃ§ŒÕœ¿¢ «*aÊ «*aÊ „ÃJE
13.55 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ …¢C.
ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®Õ¾ u-©Õ’Ã ’¹ÕJh¢Í- Ãª½Õ. ¨ ©ãÂ¹ˆ©
•¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{ÕÂ¹¯Ão 16
“X¾ÂÃª½¢ ÍŒÖæ®h...

>©Çx©ðx ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢œ¿{¢ ’¹«Õ-¯Ãª½|¢.
2001©ð X¾Ûª½Õ†¾ß©ðx ÍŒŸÕ¿ «- ÛÂ- ¹×Êo „Ãª½Õ
Â¹×{Õ¢¦ E§ŒÕ¢-“Åº Œ ÂÃª½u“- Â¹«- Ö©Õ ¦μÇK’Ã 70.32 ¬ÇÅŒ-«á¢-œ¿’Ã ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 75.56Â¹×
N•-§ÕŒ «- ¢ÅŒ¢ Æ«ÛÅÖŒ ŠÂ¹ˆª½Õ ©äŸÄ ƒŸ¿ªl ½Õ åXJ-T¢C. «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©ðx 50.43 ÊÕ¢* 59.74
XÏ©©x Õ ÍÃ©Êo ¦μÇ«Ê ¦Ç’Ã åXª½’- ¹œ¢¿
8 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
ÂíEo >©Çx© „çáÅŒh¢ •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð X¾®X-Ï -Ï Â¹¢˜ä Â¹ØœÄ «á¢Ÿ¿Õ¯- Ão-§ÕŒ E „ç©œx Ë ÂÃ«{¢ •Ê-²Ä¢-“Ÿ¿ÅŒ

©x© ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ¦Ç’Ã X¾œ¤-Ë ò-ªá¢C. …ŸÄ-£Ç¾ - N¬ì†¢¾ . Åç©¢-’Ãº ÅŒª½„- ÃÅŒ …ÅŒhª- Ã¢“Ÿμ,¿ ªÃ§ŒÕ- ªÃ†¾¢Z ©- ð-éÂ©Çx Åç©¢-’Ãº “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©- ð¯ä •Ê-
ª½º- Â¹× Â¹K¢-Ê’- ¹ª- ý©ð 2001©ð 13.34 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ©-®«Ô Õ >©Çx©ð ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ åXª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- ©¿ Âí¢ÅŒ ²Ä¢-“Ÿ¿ÅŒ ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¢C. å£jÇŸ¿ª- Ã-¦ÇŸþ
ÂÃ’Ã ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 8.57Â¹× C’¹è- Ç-J¢C. ¨ „çÕª½Õ’Ã_ …Êo{Õd ’¹ºÇ¢-ÂÃ©Õ ®¾p†¾¢d Íä®Õ¾ h¯- Ãoªá. >©Çx©ð ªÃ†¾¢Z ©- ð-éÂ©Çx ÆÅŒuCμÂ¹ •Ê-²Ä¢-
>©Çx X¾Â¹ˆ¯ä …Êo «ª½¢’- ¹©- ü©ð 13.95 •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ N†¾§ - ÕŒ ¢-©ðÊÖ Åç©¢-’Ã-º- “Ÿ¿ÅŒ Ê„çÖŸ- ª-¿ á¢C. ÆÂ¹ˆœ¿ ÍŒŸª-¿ ½XÛ¾ ÂË©ð-
ÊÕ¢* 9.21ÂË X¾œË¢C. ŸÄE X¾Â¹ˆ¯ä ©ðE ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ >©Çx©Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{- Õ-Â¹¯Ão ÆCμ- OÕ-{ª- ½ÕÂ¹× 18480 «Õ¢C …¯Ãoª½Õ. 2001Åî
È«Õt¢©ðÊÖ ƒ©Ç¢šË X¾J®- ÅnÏ ä ¯ç©Â- í¢C. Â¹¢’Ã …¯Ãoªá. Æ©Çê’ X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Åî ¤òLæ®h (17469) ¤òLæ®h 831 «Õ¢C åXJ-’Ãª½Õ.
È«Õt¢ X¾Â¹ˆ¯ä …Êo Â¹%³Äg©- ð¯ä ƒ¢Åä.

®Ô©Y ®¾¢Èu ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …Êo >©Çx©Ö Åç©¢-’Ã-
Â¹ª½Öo-©Õ©ð 15.23 ÊÕ¢* 11.79ÂË, ¡ÂÃ-
‚ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ª½¢’Ã-éªœËf >©Çx©ð åXª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- ©¿
º-©ð¯ä ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢œ¿{¢ ‚®¾Â- hËÂ- ª¹- „-½ Õç Êi Æ¢¬Á¢.
Â¹EX- ²-Ï òh¢C. 2001©ð ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ÂË©ð-OÕ-{-
Â¹×@- Á¢©ð 13.24 ÊÕ¢* 9.83ÂË È«Õt¢©ð ÆªáÅä ®Ô©Y ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ N†¾§ÕŒ ¢©ð «Ö“ÅŒ¢
ª½ÕÂ¹× 477 «Õ¢C …¢œ¿’Ã, “X¾®Õ¾ hÅ¢Œ ‚
13.58 ÊÕ¢* 9.56Â¹× X¾®X-Ï ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅÃ©Õ Åç©¢-’Ã-º©- ðE X¾©Õ >©Çx©Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{Õ Â¹¯Ão
®¾¢Èu 707ÂË ÍäJ¢C.
X¾œË-¤ò-§ŒÖªá. „çÊÂ- ¹¦- œä …- ¯- Ão-ªá.

ªÃ†¾¢Z ©
•Ê-²Ä¢-“ŸÅ¿ Œ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{Õ 308Åî ¤òLæ®h...
- ðE \ ŠÂ¹ˆ >©Çx©ð Â¹ØœÄ 2001Åî ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾uÅŒ Åç©¢-’Ã-º-©ðE ‰Ÿ¿Õ >©Çx©ðx ÆCμ-Â¹¢’Ã

¤òLæ®h „çáÅŒh¢ •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð X¾®X-Ï ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ªÃ†¾¢Z ©ð ’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ åXª½Õ-
åXª½-’¹-Â¹-¤ò-«œ¿¢ ‚®¾-ÂËh-Â¹-ª½-„çÕiÊ Æ¢¬Á¢’Ã •Ê¢ åXJ-’Ãª½Õ.

’¹ÕŸ- ©¿ ®¾’¹{Õ 7.30 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÂÃ’Ã Åç©¢-’Ã- ªÃ†¾¢Z ©ð ÆÅŒu©p •Ê-²Ä¢-“Ÿ¿ÅŒ …Êo >©Çx
ÆCμÂ- Ãª½ «ªÃ_©Õ ’¹ÕJh¢Í- Ãªá. º©ð ŠÂ¹ˆ å£jÇŸ¿ª- Ã-¦ÇŸþ ÅŒXp¾ NÕ’¹ÅÃ
„çáÅŒh¢ •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð X¾®X -Ï ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÅŒ’¹Õ-_ Â¹ØœÄ Åç©¢-’Ã-º©- ð¯ä …¢C. ‚C-©Ç-¦Ç-
>©Çx©- E- o¢-š©Ë ð ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{ÕÂ¹¯Ão ‡Â¹×ˆ« Ÿþ©ð ÍŒ.ÂË.-OÕ.Â¹× êÂ«©¢ 170 «Õ¢C
Ÿ¿© ÂÌ©Â¹ X¾Jº- Ç«Õ¢ ÂÃ’Ã «Õ’¹X- ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ åXJT¢C. «Ö“ÅŒ„Õä …¯Ãoª½Õ.

Â¹¯Ão ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÅŒ’¹ÕŸ-_ ©¿ ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã

ªÃ†¾¢Z ©ð ªÃ§ŒÕ©- ®- «Ô Õ, …ÅŒhª- Ã¢“Ÿμ,¿ Âî²Äh Âî²Äh©ð Â¹%³Äg 519Åî Æ“’¹²- ÄnÊ- ¢©ð …¢C.
…¢œ¿{¢ ‚¢Ÿî-@ÁÊ êªêÂA- h¢Íä Æ¢¬Á¢’Ã
>©Çx©- E- o¢-šÅË î ¤òLa ÍŒÖ®Ï¯Ã... «Õ£¾Ç- ‚ ÅŒª„-½ ÃÅŒ X¾Pa«Õ ’îŸÄ-«J (508), ÅŒÖª½Õp-
Íç¤ÄpL. …ŸÄ-£Ç¾ ª- ½º- Â¹× 2001©ð Ê©ï_¢œ¿
¦Ö-¦ü-Ê’- ¹ªý, „çÕŸ¿Âú, EèÇ-«Ö-¦ÇŸþ, ª½¢’Ã- ’î-ŸÄ-«J (477), ¡ÂÃ-Â¹×@Á¢ (462),
>©Çx •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð «Õ’¹X©Ï ©x Õ(14.14 ¬ÇÅŒ¢),
‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x Õ(13.93 ¬ÇÅŒ¢) ŸÄŸÄX¾Û ®¾«Ö- éªœË,f «ª½¢’- ¹©ü, È«Õt¢, ‚C-©Ç-¦ÇŸþ, Â¹K¢- ’¹Õ¢{Öª½Õ (429)©Õ …¯Ãoªá.

Ê¢’Ã …¯Ãoªá. ÂÃF 2011 ¯ÃšË Â¹©Çx Ê-’¹ªý >©Çx©- ðx¯ä ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ¦Ç’Ã
ªÃ§ŒÕ©- ®- «-Ô Õ©ð Â¹œX-¿ ©¾ ð ÆA ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã
«Õ’¹X- ©-Ï ©x Õ 10.51ÂË ‚œ¿X- ©-Ï ©x Õ 9.86Â¹× ÅŒT-_ åXJ-T¢C.
•Ê ²Ä¢“Ÿ¿ÅŒ 188 «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ. 2001©ð
¤ñ-§ŒÖª½Õ. ÆX¾pšðx ƒŸ¿lJ «ÕŸμ¿u ÅäœÄ 10 ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂ- ¹¯Ão ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ åXJ- ÆÂ¹ˆœ¿ 169 «Õ¢C …¢C.
0.21 ¬ÇÅŒ„- Õç Åi ä ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ 0.65 ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂË TÊ >©Çx©- Fo Åç©¢-’Ã-º©- ð¯ä …¯Ãoªá.
ªÃ†¾¢Z ©- ð-éÂ©Çx ÆÅŒu©- p¢’Ã Âî²Äh©- ðE X¾Pa«Õ •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ
åXJ-T¢C. ¨ >©Çx©ð ƒX¾pš- êË Â ‚êª@- Á-x
’îŸÄ-«J >©Çx©ð ’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð êÂ«©¢ 0.79 ’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Cl´ êª{Õ ªÃ†¾Z
Â¹¯Ão ÆCμÂ¹ «§ŒÕ®¾Õ …Êo •¯Ã-¦Çμ ©ð “XB¾
„çªáu «Õ¢C X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Â- ¹¯Ão «Õ£ÏÇ@Á© ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Ö“Å„Œ Õä ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ åXJ-T¢C. ®¾’¹{Õ 11.10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ÂÃ’Ã Åç©¢-’Ã-º©- ðE

982 «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ …¯Ãoª½Õ. ƒC ªÃ†¾Z Åç©¢-’Ãº ÅŒª½„- ÃÅŒ …ÅŒhª- Ã¢“Ÿμ,¿ ªÃ§ŒÕ©- - ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ >©Çx©ðx DE-Â¹¯Ão ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¢C.
®¾’¹{ÕÂ¹¯Ão 10 ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ«. åXj’Ã ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ ®Ô«Õ >©Çx©ð ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ åXª½Õ’- ¹ÕŸ- ©¿ Âí¢ÅŒ “X¾ŸÄμ Ê- ¢’Ã ª½¢’Ã-éªœË,f „çÕŸ¿Âú «¢šË ªÃ•-
…Êo X¾®Ï-XÏ-©x© ¬ÇÅÃ©ÊÕ ¦šËd ÍŒÖæ®h „çÕª½Õ’Ã_ …¢C. ŸμÄEÂË Ÿ¿’¹ª-_ ½’Ã …Êo >©Çx©- Â¹× «©-®©¾ Õ

¦μ¼N†- u¾ Å- ÕŒ h©ðÊÖ «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ¬ÇÅŒ¢ åXJê’ åXª½’- ¹{- „äÕ DEÂË «áÈu ÂÃª½º¢.
ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ N†¾§
- ÕŒ ¢©ð ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{Õ ÆªáÊ
Æ«-ÂÃ¬Á¢ ©äŸÕ¿ . …ÅŒhª- Ã¢-“Ÿ©¿μ ð ŠÂ¹ˆ N¬Ç-ÈX- {-¾ º-d ¢-©ð¯ä «%Cl´
7.30 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ Â¹¯Ão ÆCμ-Â¹¢’Ã …Êo
2011 •¯Ã¦μÇ ’¹ºÊ... «ÕÊ ªÃ³ÄZE- ÂË >©Çx©ÊÕ X¾JQ- Læ®h... Âî²Äh, …ÅŒhª- Ã¢“Ÿμ,¿ êª{Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{Õ êª{ÕÂ¹× Ÿ¿’¹ª-_ ½’Ã 11.89
®¾¢¦¢-C¢μ *- Ê ‡¯îo ‚®¾Â- hË Â- ¹ª- ½„- Õç Êi Æ¢¬Ç-©ÊÕ ®Ô«Õ “¤Ä¢ÅÃ-©E- o¢-š©Ë ð êÂ«©¢ ¯Ã©Õ’¹Õ ¬ÇÅŒ¢ …¢C. N¬Ç-ÈÊ- ’- ¹ª- Ã-EÂË åXJ-TÊ «©-
„ç©Õ-’¹Õ-©ðÂË Åç*a¢C. «áÈu¢’Ã ÆGμ-«%-CĺÂË, >©Çx©Õ «Ö“ÅŒ„Õä …¯Ãoªá. ÆN N•-§ÕŒ - ®¾© ÂÃª½º- ¢-’Ã¯ä ¨ >©Çx «á¢Ÿ¿Õ¢C.
X¾Ûªî-’¹«- Õ-¯Ã-EÂË ÂÌ©Â¹ ®¾¢êÂÅ- „-Œ Õç Êi ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ Ê-’¹ª½¢ 8.42, ÆÊ¢-ÅX-Œ Û¾ ª½¢ 8.15, Â¹ª½Öo©Õ ¨ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©- ðE NÕ’¹ÅÃ éª¢œ¿Õ >©Çx©ðx
N†¾§- ÕŒ ¢©ð Åç©¢-’Ãº >©Çx©Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{Õ 7.91, N¬Ç-ÈX- {-¾ ºd ¢ 7.74 ¬ÇÅŒ¢. ÍÃ©Ç ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢C.
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 9

Âî²Äh©ð êÂ«©¢ ¯ç©Öxª½Õ©ð «Ö“Å„Œ Õä ªÃ†¾Z ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¯Ãoªá. ‚C-©Ç-¦ÇŸþ, EèÇ- ªÃ§ŒÕ©- ®- «-Ô Õ©ð *ÅŒÖhª½Õ >©Çx©ð «Ö“ÅŒ„Õä
®¾’¹{Õ ²Änªá©ð •¯Ã¦μÇ «%Clê-´ ª{Õ …¢C. «Ö-¦ÇŸþ, Â¹K¢-Ê’- ¹ªý, È«Õt¢ >©Çx©ðx X¾Ûª½Õ-
“XA¾ „çªáu «Õ¢C X¾ÛªÕ½ †- ß¾ ©- Â¹× 1002 «Õ¢C
¯ç©Öxª½Õ >©Çx ¤ÄJ-“¬Ç-NÕ-Â¹¢’Ã ÆGμ«- %Cl´ †¾ß©- Â- ¹¯Ão «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©ä ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¯Ãoª½Õ.

Íç¢Ÿ¿ÕÅ- ÕŒ Ê- o¢-ŸÕ¿ Ê... ¨ >©Çx©ð «%Clê´ ª{Õ «Õ£ÏÇ@Á©Õ …¯Ãoª½Õ.
‚C-©Ç-¦ÇŸþ, Â¹K¢-Ê’- ¹ªý >©Çx©ðx 2001©ð
11.5 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ …¢C. Âî²Äh ©ðE NÕ’¹ÅÃ X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß-©-Â¹¯Ão «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á©Õ ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã ªÃ†¾¢Z ©- ðE “X¾A >©Çx©ð 2001Åî ¤òLæ®h
>©Çx©- E- o¢-š©Ë ð ÍÃ©Ç ÅŒÂ¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¢œ¿{¢ …¢œ¿’Ã 2011 ¯ÃšËÂË X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ © ®¾¢ÈuÊÕ 2011 ¯ÃšËÂË «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ®¾¢Èu ‡¢Åî Âí¢ÅŒ
’¹«Õ-¯Ãª½|¢. ŸÄšË¤ò«œ¿¢ N¬ì†¢¾ .
åXJT¢C.
ªÃ§ŒÕ©- ®- «-Ô Õ-©ðE ÆEo >©Çx©ðx •¯Ã¦μÇ …ÅŒh-ªÃ¢“Ÿμ¿ “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢ „çáÅŒh¢ X¾Ûª½Õ-†¾ß©
«%Cl´ êª{Õ ¦Ç’Ã åXª½’- ¹œ¢¿ N¬ì†¢¾ . Â¹œX¿ ¾ ®¾¢Èu-Â¹¯Ão «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©Õ ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¯Ãoª½Õ. „çáÅŒh¢ 23 >©Çx©- Â¹× ’ÃÊÕ 11 >©Çx©ðx
ÅŒXp¾ NÕ’¹ÅÃ «âœ¿Õ >©Çx©ðx ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã 2001Åî ¤òLæ®h ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ ÆEo “X¾A „çªáu «Õ¢C X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- Â- ¹¯Ão «Õ£ÏÇ-
…¢C. Â¹œX-¿ ©¾ ð å®jÅ¢Œ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{- ÕÂ¹× Ÿ¿’¹-_ >©Çx©ðx «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ®¾¢Èu åXJ-T¢C. @Á©Õ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«’Ã …¯Ãoª½Õ. EèÇ-«Ö-¦Ç-Ÿþ©ð

ª½’Ã 10.87 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ Ê„çÖŸç¢j C. Âî²Äh “¤Ä¢ÅŒ¢©ð …¦μ¼§ŒÕ ’îŸÄ-«J,
ÆÅŒuC- Â-μ ¹¢’Ã 1038 «Õ¢C …¢œ¿{¢ ’¹«Õ-
åXª½-’¹E «Õ£ÏÇ-@Á© ÆÂ¹~-ªÃ-®¾uÅŒ ’¹Õ¢{Öª½Õ >©Çx©ðx «Ö“ÅŒ„Õä X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ ©- -
«Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ Å- ©Œ ð X¾©Õ >©Çx©Õ ªÃ†¾Z Â¹¯Ão «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©Õ ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …¯Ãoª½Õ. ¯Ãª½|¢.
®¾’¹-{Õ-Â¹¯Ão „çÊÕ-Â¹-¦œË …¯Ãoªá. ªÃ†¾Z
«Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ ¬ÇÅŒ¢ 59.74 ÂÃ’Ã
DE-Â¹¯Ão êÂ«©¢ 9 >©Çx©Õ «Ö“ÅŒ„äÕ
«á¢Ÿ¿Õ¯- Ãoªá. ÆN å£jÇŸ¿ª- Ã-¦ÇŸþ, ª½¢’Ã-
éªœË,f N¬Ç-ÈX- {-¾ ºd ¢, …¦μ¼§ÕŒ ’îŸÄ-«J, Â¹%³Äg,
*ÅŒÖhª½Õ, ’¹Õ¢{Öª½Õ, ¯ç©Öxª½Õ.
’¹ÅŒ X¾Ÿ@-ä Á©x ð Åç©¢-’Ã-º©- ðE X¾©Õ >©Çx©ðx
ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®Õ¾ u-©Êjã «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á© ®¾¢Èu Âí¢ÅŒ åXJ-
T¯Ã ƒ¢ÂÃ 9 >©Çx©Õ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{Õ ¬ÇÅŒ¢
Â¹¯Ão „çÊÕ-Â¹¦- œä …¢œ¿{¢ ’¹«Õ-¯Ãª½|¢.
‚C-©Ç-¦ÇŸþ >©Çx©ð 2001©ð «Õ£ÏÇ@Á©
ÆÂ¹~ª- Ã-®u¾ ÅŒ ¬ÇÅŒ¢ 40.30 ÂÃ’Ã ƒX¾Ûpœ¿Õ
51.99 ¬ÇÅÃ-EÂË åXJ-T¢C. ÂÃF ¨ >©Çx
ƒ¢ÂÃ ªÃ†¾Z ®¾’¹{ÕÂ¹¯Ão ÍÃ©Ç Ÿ¿Öª½¢©ð
„çÊÕ-Â¹¦- œË …¢C. NÕ’¹ÅÃ >©Çx©- ðÊÖ ƒŸä
X¾J®- AnÏ ¯ç©Â- í¢C.
åXJ-TÊ «Õ£ÏÇ@Á© ®¾¢Èu
X¾Ûª½Õ†- ß¾ © ®¾¢ÈuÅî ¤òLæ®h... «Õ£ÏÇ@- Á©Õ
ÆCμÂ- ¹¢’Ã …Êo >©Çx©Õ Åç©¢-’Ã-º©- ð¯ä
10 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 11
12 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 13
14 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 15
Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population : 2011
State India/State/ Total population Sex ratio Density Decadal
/UT Union Territory # (females (Per growth
Persons Males Females
Cod per 1000 sq.km) rate
e males)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INDIA 1,210,193,422 623,724,248 586,469,174 940 382 17.64
01 Jammu & Kashmir 12,548,926 6,665,561 5,883,365 883 124 23.71
02 Himachal Pradesh 6,856,509 3,473,892 3,382,617 974 123 12.81
03 Punjab 27,704,236 14,634,819 13,069,417 893 550 13.73
#
04 Chandigarh 1,054,686 580,282 474,404 818 9,252 17.10
05 Uttarakhand 10,116,752 5,154,178 4,962,574 963 189 19.17
06 Haryana 25,353,081 13,505,130 11,847,951 877 573 19.90
#
07 NCT of Delhi 16,753,235 8,976,410 7,776,825 866 11,297 20.96
08 Rajasthan 68,621,012 35,620,086 33,000,926 926 201 21.44
09 Uttar Pradesh 199,581,477 104,596,415 94,985,062 908 828 20.09
10 Bihar 103,804,637 54,185,347 49,619,290 916 1,102 25.07
11 Sikkim 607,688 321,661 286,027 889 86 12.36
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,382,611 720,232 662,379 920 17 25.92
13 Nagaland 1,980,602 1,025,707 954,895 931 119 -0.47
14 Manipur 2,721,756 1,369,764 1,351,992 987 122 18.65
15 Mizoram 1,091,014 552,339 538,675 975 52 22.78
16 Tripura 3,671,032 1,871,867 1,799,165 961 350 14.75
17 Meghalaya 2,964,007 1,492,668 1,471,339 986 132 27.82
18 Assam 31,169,272 15,954,927 15,214,345 954 397 16.93
19 West Bengal 91,347,736 46,927,389 44,420,347 947 1,029 13.93
20 Jharkhand 32,966,238 16,931,688 16,034,550 947 414 22.34
21 Orissa 41,947,358 21,201,678 20,745,680 978 269 13.97
22 Chhattisgarh 25,540,196 12,827,915 12,712,281 991 189 22.59
23 Madhya Pradesh 72,597,565 37,612,920 34,984,645 930 236 20.30
24 Gujarat 60,383,628 31,482,282 28,901,346 918 308 19.17
#
25 Daman & Diu 242,911 150,100 92,811 618 2,169 53.54
#
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 342,853 193,178 149,675 775 698 55.50
27 Maharashtra 112,372,972 58,361,397 54,011,575 925 365 15.99
28 Andhra Pradesh 84,665,533 42,509,881 42,155,652 992 308 11.10
29 Karnataka 61,130,704 31,057,742 30,072,962 968 319 15.67
30 Goa 1,457,723 740,711 717,012 968 394 8.17
#
31 Lakshadweep 64,429 33,106 31,323 946 2,013 6.23
32 Kerala 33,387,677 16,021,290 17,366,387 1,084 859 4.86
33 Tamil Nadu 72,138,958 36,158,871 35,980,087 995 555 15.60
#
34 Puducherry 1,244,464 610,485 633,979 1,038 2,598 27.72
35 Andaman & Nicobar Island 379,944 202,330 177,614 878 46 6.68
16 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

Population of States /Union Territories by sex and percentage share of population in total population: 2011
State India/State/Union Territory # Total population Percentage
/UT Persons Males Females share in total
Code population
INDIA 1,21,01,93,422 62,37,24,248 58,64,69,174 100.00
01 Jammu & Kashmir 1,25,48,926 66,65,561 58,83,365 1.04
02 Himachal Pradesh 68,56,509 34,73,892 33,82,617 0.57
03 Punjab 2,77,04,236 1,46,34,819 1,30,69,417 2.29
04 Chandigarh # 10,54,686 5,80,282 4,74,404 0.09
05 Uttarakhand 1,01,16,752 51,54,178 49,62,574 0.84
06 Haryana 2,53,53,081 1,35,05,130 1,18,47,951 2.09
07 NCT of Delhi # 1,67,53,235 89,76,410 77,76,825 1.38
08 Rajasthan 6,86,21,012 3,56,20,086 3,30,00,926 5.67
09 Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477 10,45,96,415 9,49,85,062 16.49
10 Bihar 10,38,04,637 5,41,85,347 4,96,19,290 8.58
11 Sikkim 6,07,688 3,21,661 2,86,027 0.05
12 Arunachal Pradesh 13,82,611 7,20,232 6,62,379 0.11
13 Nagaland 19,80,602 10,25,707 9,54,895 0.16
14 Manipur 27,21,756 13,69,764 13,51,992 0.22
15 Mizoram 10,91,014 5,52,339 5,38,675 0.09
16 Tripura 36,71,032 18,71,867 17,99,165 0.30
17 Meghalaya 29,64,007 14,92,668 14,71,339 0.24
18 Assam 3,11,69,272 1,59,54,927 1,52,14,345 2.58
19 West Bengal 9,13,47,736 4,69,27,389 4,44,20,347 7.55
20 Jharkhand 3,29,66,238 1,69,31,688 1,60,34,550 2.72
21 Orissa 4,19,47,358 2,12,01,678 2,07,45,680 3.47
22 Chhattisgarh 2,55,40,196 1,28,27,915 1,27,12,281 2.11
23 Madhya Pradesh 7,25,97,565 3,76,12,920 3,49,84,645 6.00
24 Gujarat 6,03,83,628 3,14,82,282 2,89,01,346 4.99
25 Daman & Diu # 2,42,911 1,50,100 92,811 0.02
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 3,42,853 1,93,178 1,49,675 0.03
27 Maharashtra 11,23,72,972 5,83,61,397 5,40,11,575 9.29
28 Andhra Pradesh 8,46,65,533 4,25,09,881 4,21,55,652 7.00
29 Karnataka 6,11,30,704 3,10,57,742 3,00,72,962 5.05
30 Goa 14,57,723 7,40,711 7,17,012 0.12
31 Lakshadweep # 64,429 33,106 31,323 0.01
32 Kerala 3,33,87,677 1,60,21,290 1,73,66,387 2.76
33 Tamil Nadu 7,21,38,958 3,61,58,871 3,59,80,087 5.96
34 Puducherry # 12,44,464 6,10,485 6,33,979 0.10
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 3,79,944 2,02,330 1,77,614 0.03
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 17

Population of States /Union Territories by sex and percentage share of population in total population: 2011
(States /Union Territories arranged in alphabetical order)
Sl. No. India/State/Union Territory # Total population
Persons Males Females Percentage
share in total
population
INDIA 1,21,01,93,422 62,37,24,248 58,64,69,174 100.00
#
1 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 3,79,944 2,02,330 1,77,614 0.03
2 Andhra Pradesh 8,46,65,533 4,25,09,881 4,21,55,652 7.00
3 Arunachal Pradesh 13,82,611 7,20,232 6,62,379 0.11
4 Assam 3,11,69,272 1,59,54,927 1,52,14,345 2.58
5 Bihar 10,38,04,637 5,41,85,347 4,96,19,290 8.58
6 Chandigarh # 10,54,686 5,80,282 4,74,404 0.09
7 Chhattisgarh 2,55,40,196 1,28,27,915 1,27,12,281 2.11
8 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 3,42,853 1,93,178 1,49,675 0.03
9 Daman & Diu # 2,42,911 1,50,100 92,811 0.02
10 Goa 14,57,723 7,40,711 7,17,012 0.12
11 Gujarat 6,03,83,628 3,14,82,282 2,89,01,346 4.99
12 Haryana 2,53,53,081 1,35,05,130 1,18,47,951 2.09
13 Himachal Pradesh 68,56,509 34,73,892 33,82,617 0.57
14 Jammu & Kashmir 1,25,48,926 66,65,561 58,83,365 1.04
15 Jharkhand 3,29,66,238 1,69,31,688 1,60,34,550 2.72
16 Karnataka 6,11,30,704 3,10,57,742 3,00,72,962 5.05
17 Kerala 3,33,87,677 1,60,21,290 1,73,66,387 2.76
18 Lakshadweep # 64,429 33,106 31,323 0.01
19 Madhya Pradesh 7,25,97,565 3,76,12,920 3,49,84,645 6.00
20 Maharashtra 11,23,72,972 5,83,61,397 5,40,11,575 9.29
21 Manipur 27,21,756 13,69,764 13,51,992 0.22
22 Meghalaya 29,64,007 14,92,668 14,71,339 0.24
23 Mizoram 10,91,014 5,52,339 5,38,675 0.09
24 Nagaland 19,80,602 10,25,707 9,54,895 0.16
25 NCT of Delhi # 1,67,53,235 89,76,410 77,76,825 1.38
26 Orissa 4,19,47,358 2,12,01,678 2,07,45,680 3.47
27 Puducherry # 12,44,464 6,10,485 6,33,979 0.10
28 Punjab 2,77,04,236 1,46,34,819 1,30,69,417 2.29
29 Rajasthan 6,86,21,012 3,56,20,086 3,30,00,926 5.67
30 Sikkim 6,07,688 3,21,661 2,86,027 0.05
31 Tamil Nadu 7,21,38,958 3,61,58,871 3,59,80,087 5.96
32 Tripura 36,71,032 18,71,867 17,99,165 0.30
33 Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477 10,45,96,415 9,49,85,062 16.49
34 Uttarakhand 1,01,16,752 51,54,178 49,62,574 0.84
35 West Bengal 9,13,47,736 4,69,27,389 4,44,20,347 7.55
18 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

Sex Ratio of Total population and child population in the age group 0-6 and 7+ years : 2001 and 2011
State India/States/Union Territory # Sex ratio (females per 1,000 males)
/UT Code Total Child Populatiion
population population aged 7 and
in the age above
group
0-6
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INDIA 933 940 927 914 934 944
01 Jammu & Kashmir 892 883 941 859 884 887
02 Himachal Pradesh 968 974 896 906 980 983
03 Punjab 876 893 798 846 888 899
04 Chandigarh # 777 818 845 867 767 812
05 Uttarakhand 962 963 908 886 973 975
06 Haryana 861 877 819 830 869 885
#
07 NCT of Delhi 821 866 868 866 813 866
08 Rajasthan 921 926 909 883 923 935
09 Uttar Pradesh 898 908 916 899 894 910
10 Bihar 919 916 942 933 914 912
11 Sikkim 875 889 963 944 861 883
12 Arunachal Pradesh 893 920 964 960 878 913
13 Nagaland 900 931 964 944 890 929
14 Manipur 974 987 957 934 977 995
15 Mizoram 935 975 964 971 930 976
16 Tripura 948 961 966 953 945 962
17 Meghalaya 972 986 973 970 971 989
18 Assam 935 954 965 957 929 953
19 West Bengal 934 947 960 950 929 946
20 Jharkhand 941 947 965 943 935 948
21 Orissa 972 978 953 934 976 985
22 Chhattisgarh 989 991 975 964 992 995
23 Madhya Pradesh 919 930 932 912 916 933
24 Gujarat 920 918 883 886 927 923
25 Daman & Diu # 710 618 926 909 682 589
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 812 775 979 924 779 752
27 Maharashtra 922 925 913 883 924 931
28 Andhra Pradesh 978 992 961 943 981 997
29 Karnataka 965 968 946 943 968 971
30 Goa 961 968 938 920 964 973
31 Lakshadweep # 948 946 959 908 946 951
32 Kerala 1058 1084 960 959 1,072 1,099
33 Tamil Nadu 987 995 942 946 993 1,000
34 Puducherry # 1001 1038 967 965 1,006 1,047
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 846 878 957 966 831 868
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 19

( )
Literates and literacy rates by sex : 2011
State India/State/ Literates Literacy rate (%)
/UT #
Union Territory
Code
Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14
INDIA 778,454,120 444,203,762 334,250,358 74.04 82.14 65.46
01 Jammu & Kashmir 7,245,053 4,370,604 2,874,449 68.74 78.26 58.01
02 Himachal Pradesh 5,104,506 2,791,542 2,312,964 83.78 90.83 76.60
03 Punjab 18,988,611 10,626,788 8,361,823 76.68 81.48 71.34
#
04 Chandigarh 809,653 468,166 341,487 86.43 90.54 81.38
05 Uttarakhand 6,997,433 3,930,174 3,067,259 79.63 88.33 70.70
06 Haryana 16,904,324 9,991,838 6,912,486 76.64 85.38 66.77
#
07 NCT of Delhi 12,763,352 7,210,050 5,553,302 86.34 91.03 80.93
08 Rajasthan 38,970,500 24,184,782 14,785,718 67.06 80.51 52.66
09 Uttar Pradesh 118,423,805 70,479,196 47,944,609 69.72 79.24 59.26
10 Bihar 54,390,254 32,711,975 21,678,279 63.82 73.39 53.33
11 Sikkim 449,294 253,364 195,930 82.20 87.29 76.43
12 Arunachal Pradesh 789,943 454,532 335,411 66.95 73.69 59.57
13 Nagaland 1,357,579 731,796 625,783 80.11 83.29 76.69
14 Manipur 1,891,196 1,026,733 864,463 79.85 86.49 73.17
15 Mizoram 847,592 438,949 408,643 91.58 93.72 89.40
16 Tripura 2,831,742 1,515,973 1,315,769 87.75 92.18 83.15
17 Meghalaya 1,817,761 934,091 883,670 75.48 77.17 73.78
18 Assam 19,507,017 10,756,937 8,750,080 73.18 78.81 67.27
19 West Bengal 62,614,556 34,508,159 28,106,397 77.08 82.67 71.16
20 Jharkhand 18,753,660 11,168,649 7,585,011 67.63 78.45 56.21
21 Orissa 27,112,376 15,326,036 11,786,340 73.45 82.40 64.36
22 Chhattisgarh 15,598,314 8,962,121 6,636,193 71.04 81.45 60.59
23 Madhya Pradesh 43,827,193 25,848,137 17,979,056 70.63 80.53 60.02
24 Gujarat 41,948,677 23,995,500 17,953,177 79.31 87.23 70.73
#
25 Daman & Diu 188,974 124,911 64,063 87.07 91.48 79.59
#
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 228,028 144,916 83,112 77.65 86.46 65.93
27 Maharashtra 82,512,225 46,294,041 36,218,184 82.91 89.82 75.48
28 Andhra Pradesh 51,438,510 28,759,782 22,678,728 67.66 75.56 59.74
29 Karnataka 41,029,323 22,808,468 18,220,855 75.60 82.85 68.13
30 Goa 1,152,117 620,026 532,091 87.40 92.81 81.84
#
31 Lakshadweep 52,914 28,249 24,665 92.28 96.11 88.25
32 Kerala 28,234,227 13,755,888 14,478,339 93.91 96.02 91.98
33 Tamil Nadu 52,413,116 28,314,595 24,098,521 80.33 86.81 73.86
#
34 Puducherry 966,600 502,575 464,025 86.55 92.12 81.22
35 Andaman & Nicobar Island 293,695 164,219 129,476 86.27 90.11 81.84
20 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

Population aged 7 years and above by sex : 2011
State India/State/ Population aged 7 years and above
/UT #
Union Territory
Code
1 2 6 7 8
INDIA 1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022
01 Jammu & Kashmir 10,540,284 5,584,899 4,955,385
02 Himachal Pradesh 6,092,645 3,073,211 3,019,434
03 Punjab 24,762,666 13,041,557 11,721,109
04 Chandigarh # 936,733 517,095 419,638
05 Uttarakhand 8,787,908 4,449,409 4,338,499
06 Haryana 22,055,357 11,703,083 10,352,274
07 NCT of Delhi # 14,782,725 7,920,675 6,862,050
08 Rajasthan 58,116,096 30,039,874 28,076,222
09 Uttar Pradesh 169,853,242 88,943,240 80,910,002
10 Bihar 85,222,408 44,570,067 40,652,341
11 Sikkim 546,611 290,243 256,368
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,179,852 616,802 563,050
13 Nagaland 1,694,621 878,596 816,025
14 Manipur 2,368,519 1,187,080 1,181,439
15 Mizoram 925,478 468,374 457,104
16 Tripura 3,226,977 1,644,513 1,582,464
17 Meghalaya 2,408,185 1,210,479 1,197,706
18 Assam 26,657,965 13,649,839 13,008,126
19 West Bengal 81,235,137 41,740,125 39,495,012
20 Jharkhand 27,728,656 14,235,767 13,492,889
21 Orissa 36,911,708 18,598,470 18,313,238
22 Chhattisgarh 21,956,168 11,002,928 10,953,240
23 Madhya Pradesh 62,049,270 32,095,963 29,953,307
24 Gujarat 52,889,452 27,507,996 25,381,456
25 Daman & Diu # 217,031 136,544 80,487
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 293,657 167,603 126,054
27 Maharashtra 99,524,597 51,539,135 47,985,462
28 Andhra Pradesh 76,022,847 38,061,551 37,961,296
29 Karnataka 54,274,903 27,529,898 26,745,005
30 Goa 1,318,228 668,042 650,186
31 Lakshadweep # 57,341 29,391 27,950
32 Kerala 30,065,430 14,325,355 15,740,075
33 Tamil Nadu 65,244,137 32,616,520 32,627,617
34 Puducherry # 1,116,854 545,553 571,301
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 340,447 182,236 158,211
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 21

Population aged 7 years and above by sex : 2011
State India/State/ Population aged 7 years and above
/UT #
Union Territory
Code
1 2 6 7 8
INDIA 1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022
01 Jammu & Kashmir 10,540,284 5,584,899 4,955,385
02 Himachal Pradesh 6,092,645 3,073,211 3,019,434
03 Punjab 24,762,666 13,041,557 11,721,109
04 Chandigarh # 936,733 517,095 419,638
05 Uttarakhand 8,787,908 4,449,409 4,338,499
06 Haryana 22,055,357 11,703,083 10,352,274
07 NCT of Delhi # 14,782,725 7,920,675 6,862,050
08 Rajasthan 58,116,096 30,039,874 28,076,222
09 Uttar Pradesh 169,853,242 88,943,240 80,910,002
10 Bihar 85,222,408 44,570,067 40,652,341
11 Sikkim 546,611 290,243 256,368
12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,179,852 616,802 563,050
13 Nagaland 1,694,621 878,596 816,025
14 Manipur 2,368,519 1,187,080 1,181,439
15 Mizoram 925,478 468,374 457,104
16 Tripura 3,226,977 1,644,513 1,582,464
17 Meghalaya 2,408,185 1,210,479 1,197,706
18 Assam 26,657,965 13,649,839 13,008,126
19 West Bengal 81,235,137 41,740,125 39,495,012
20 Jharkhand 27,728,656 14,235,767 13,492,889
21 Orissa 36,911,708 18,598,470 18,313,238
22 Chhattisgarh 21,956,168 11,002,928 10,953,240
23 Madhya Pradesh 62,049,270 32,095,963 29,953,307
24 Gujarat 52,889,452 27,507,996 25,381,456
25 Daman & Diu # 217,031 136,544 80,487
26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli # 293,657 167,603 126,054
27 Maharashtra 99,524,597 51,539,135 47,985,462
28 Andhra Pradesh 76,022,847 38,061,551 37,961,296
29 Karnataka 54,274,903 27,529,898 26,745,005
30 Goa 1,318,228 668,042 650,186
31 Lakshadweep # 57,341 29,391 27,950
32 Kerala 30,065,430 14,325,355 15,740,075
33 Tamil Nadu 65,244,137 32,616,520 32,627,617
34 Puducherry # 1,116,854 545,553 571,301
35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 340,447 182,236 158,211
22 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
ÖË>ã
ˇ ìπ Hõ~Ô O\ò [#~°Öò <åÖˇ_£̊
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 "≥∞^Œfi^Õ"£ =∂™È¯Ö’ Ñ¶≤„|=i 12# „Ñ¨^•#O
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 ~å}˜ QÔ k· h¡ leÜ«∂OQ∑ J"å~°∞¤ :
J"å~°∞¤Å∞
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
KÕâß~°∞. ~°ëêºÃÑ· J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕÜ∞« _»O, ^≥· fiáêH˜HΔ õ
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 Hõ ~ å‚ @ Hõ ‰ õ Ω K≥ O k# ~° ` « fl =∞‡‰õ Ω
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 ™êOã¨ ¯ $uHõ , ¿ãflÇ¨ Ï ã¨ O |O^è • Å∞
|Ç¨˙HõiOKå~°∞. ÉÏÅ HÍi‡Hõ =º=ã¨,÷ =~°H@ õ flO ÃÑOá⁄OkOz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥ÚÇ¨ÏOfH˜ D "≥∞_»Öò
`≥Å∞QÆ∞ "≥·^Œ∞º_çH˜ JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ~° ∂ Ñ¨ Ù =∂Ñ¨ _ » O , ÉÏÅº q"åÇ¨  Å∞, ÅaèOzOk.
J"å~°∞¤ JO@~åx`«#O, Öˇ·OyHõ "ÕkèOÑ¨ÙÅÃÑ· „Ñ¨[Ö’¡ „¿Ñ"£∞KÀ„áê‰õΩ =∞^Œ~ü ^ä≥i™ê
á¶ È ¡ ~ Àã≤ ã π ÉÏkè ` « ∞ Å‰õ Ω ZO`À J=QÍÇ¨Ï# HõeÊOK«_®xH˜ D"≥∞ Hõ$+≤ KÕâß~°∞.
LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_Õ Ñïâ’^èŒ# KÕã≤#O^Œ∞‰õΩ QÍ#∞ ^Õq JÇ¨ÏÖÏºÉÏÜü∞ Ç¨ÏŸÅ¯~ü J"å~°∞¤ :
J"å~°∞¤
ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’x ã¨<Ã£ +<· £ Pã¨∞Ñ¨„uÖ’x "≥<fl≥ =ÚHõ „Ñ¨=ÚY ÉÏb=Ù_£ #@∞_»∞ „¿Ñ"£∞ KÀ„áê
L`«~Î ° „Ñ¨^âÕ ò‰Ωõ K≥Ok# 1989 ÉÏºKü „Ñ¨ u ëêì ` « ‡ Hõ =∞^Œ ~ ü ^ä ≥ i ™ê J"å~° ∞ ¤ # ∞
xÑ¨Ù}∞Å∞ _®. #ˆ~âòÉÏ|∞‰õΩ 'hÖ’Ñ¶~¨ ü z<åÜü∞— SUZãπ JkèHÍi "≥∂xHÍ Zãπ. QÍ~ü‰æ Ωõ „Ñ¨^•#O
JO`« ~ å˚ f Ü« ∞ J"å~° ∞ ¤ ^Œ H ˜ ¯ Ok. Éè Ï ~° ` ü Ö ’ JO^Œ∞HÀ#∞<åfl~°∞. S^Œ∞ ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ =$uÎÑ¨~°"≥∞ÿ#
KÕâß~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Ö’¡ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å‰õΩ rq`«OÖ’ ÉÏc, HÍÖÏÑ¨`~Î« ,ü LÑπHÍ~ü =O\˜ Ñ¨Å∞
JO^Œ∞Ö’#∂ XHõ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ =ºH˜ÎH˜ D J"å~°∞¤ Éè Ï QÆ ™ êfi=∞ºO HõeÊOK«_»O ^•fi~å =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨∂Ñ¨~Çü Ï≤ \ò z„`åÅÖ’ #\Õz# 76 Uà◊¡ „¿Ñ"£∞
^ŒHõ¯_»O W^Õ „Ñ¨^äŒ=∞O. á¶È¡~Àã≤ãπ HÍ~°}OQÍ ™êkèHÍiHõ`«‰õΩ Hõ$+≤ KÕ"å~°∞. =∞`å l*ÏÉÏÜü∞, =∂#=`å"å^Œ ^Œ$HõÊ^äŒO`À KÕã≤# ¿ã=Å‰õΩ
"≥<≥fl=ÚHõÖ’x á⁄~°Å∞ (eQ∑"≥∞O\òû) ‰õÄ_® ~å}˜ ~°∞„^Œ=∞^Õq J"å~°∞Å¤ ‰õΩ D U_»∞ Z=ih QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨ÙQÍ D J"å~°∞¤#∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. J"å~°∞¤
=∞O^ŒOQÍ `«Ü∂« ~Ô · #~åÅÃÑ· XuÎ_ç Ñ¨_∞» `«∞O^Œx ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. ~å=_»O Q“~°=„Ñ¨^ŒOQÍ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#x „¿Ñ"£∞
PÜ«∞# Ñïâ’^èŒ#Å ^•fi~å QÆ∞iÎOz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ J<åfl~°∞. HÀÖòHõ`åÖ’ =∂iÛ 3# PÜ«∞# D
WO@ˆ~fl+¨#Öò ™⁄Ãã·\ © Ñ¶¨~ü á¶È¡Ô~·_£ sÃã~üÛ QÀ~°ƒKÕ"£‰õΩ ~°ëêº J`«∞º#fl`« J"å~°∞¤#∞ JO^Œ∞HÀ#∞<åfl~°∞.
ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ DÜ«∞#‰õΩ J"å~°∞¤ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~°O Ñ¶¨„‰õΩnÌ<£ Jb JÇ¨Ï‡^£ ™ê‡~°Hõ
nO`À áê@∞ #~åÅ‰õΩ ZÖÏO\˜ Ç¨h [~°Q‰Æ Ωõ O_® ™ÈqÜ« ∞ \ò Ü« ¸ xÜ« ∞ <£ z=i
=Oy# "≥ # ∞fl ã¨ = ∞ã¨ º ‰õ Ω â◊ „ ã¨ Î z H˜ ` « û Å∞ J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _» ∞ q∞MÏ~ÚÖò QÀ~° ƒ KÕ " £ ‰ õ Ω ~° ë êº J"å~°∞¤Å∞
KÕã#≤ O^Œ∞‰õΩQÍ#∞ D U_®k ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ L`«=Î ∞ J`« ∞ º#fl`« Ñ¨ Ù ~° ™ ê¯~° O 'P~° ÷ ~ ü PÑ¶ π ÃãO\ò *ÏfÜ« ∞ ã¨ = ∞„QÆ ` « HÀã¨ O Hõ $ +≤
Ãã·Ê<£ ã¨~°̊<£ J"å~°∞¤#∞ ‰õÄ_® ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. PO„_Õ " £ — Åaè O zOk. QÀ~° ƒ KÕ " £ 80= KÕã≤#O^Œ∞‰õΩ JOkOKÕ Ñ¶¨„‰õΩnÌ<£ Jb JÇ¨Ï‡^£
2010 ¢ã‘Î â◊HÎ̃ Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åÅ∞ [#‡k<À`«û=O ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ D Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~°O`À ™ê‡~°Hõ J"å~°∞Å¤ #∞ 2008, 2009 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ‰õΩ
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å JÉè∞í º#fluH˜ Hõ$+≤ KÕã#≤ "åiH˜, =∂iÛ 3# =∂™È¯Ö’ ã¨`«¯iOKå~°∞. 1991Ö’ „Ñ¨^•è #=∞O„u =∞<À‡Ç¨Ï<£ ã≤OQ∑ „Ñ¨^•è #O KÕâß~°∞.
`«=∞ rq`«OÖ’ áÈ~å_ç q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOz# ™ÈqÜ« ∞ \ò Ü« ¸ xÜ« ∞ <£ qzÛù # flO `« ~ åfi`« 2008 J"å~°∞¤ : „Ñ¨=ÚY [~°fleã¨∞ì ZOˆH
"åiH˜ „Ñü U\Ï D J"å~°∞Å¤ #∞ Hˆ O„^Œ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ, QÀ~° ƒ KÕ " £ ~år<å=∂ KÕ â ß~° ∞ . 20 Uà◊ ¡ Ö ’ JHõƒ~ü‰õΩ ^ŒH˜¯Ok.
PÜ« ∞ #‰õ Ω Åaè O z# "≥ Ú ^Œ \ ˜ , Xˆ H XHõ ¯ 2009 J"å~°∞¤ : „Ñ¨=ÚY QÍO^èÜ Õ ∞« "åk,
tâ◊√ ãÖˆHΔ=∂aè=$kú =∞O„u`«fi âßY „Ñ¨^•#O
Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~°O Wk. ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~°Ü∂≥ ^è∞Œ ~åÅ∞ ¿ÇÏ=∂ÉèÏsbH˜ D
KÕã¨∞ÎOk. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ k<À`«û=O J"å~°∞¤ ÅaèOzOk.
ãÖ^Œ~ƒ° Où QÍ =∂iÛ 8# #∂º_èbç Ö¡ ’ 2010 „ã‘Î r<À"£∞ "åºb ZH±ûÖˇ<£û
â◊HÎ˜ Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åÅ#∞ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ, tâ◊√ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∂aè=$kú J"å~°∞¤Å∞ <Õ+¨#Öò W-QÆ=Ô~fl<£û J"å~°∞¤
âßY =∞O„u Hõ$+¨‚ f~°÷ „Ñ¨^•#O KÕâß~°∞. Ñ¨Ó}ˇ‰Ωõ K≥Ok# „>ÿ̌|Öò sÃã~üÛ JO_£
r= âß„™êÎxH˜ KÕã≤# ¿ã=Å‰õΩ _®Hõì~ü
J"å~°∞¤ Q„ Ç
Æ Ï‘ `«Å∞ „>ÿ̌xOQ∑ W<£ã@ ì≤ ∂º\ò (\©P~ü\ S© )‰õΩ 2010-11
JOlÔ~_ç¤ (Ô~_ôã¤ π ÖÏºÉÁˆ~@sãπ), =∂#= [#∞º
ã¨ O =`« û ~° <Õ + ¨ # Öò W-QÆ = Ô ~ fl<£ û J"å~° ∞ ¤
~å}˜ ÅH©‡Δ ÉÏ~Ú J"å~°∞¤ : eÑ≤ „Hõ=∞OÃÑ· KÕã#≤ Hõ$+≤H˜ clOQ∑ W<£ã@ì≤ ∂º\ò
ÅaèOzOk. D J"å~°∞¤#∞ B~°OQÍÉÏ^£Ö’
PÑ¶π r<À"£∞ q∞H±û „Ñüxkè H˜fiOQ∑ Ç¨OQ∑=∞<£‰õΩ
PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò‰õΩ K≥Ok# á⁄@ìÉèÏux Ñ¶≤„|=i 13# |Ç¨˙HõiOKå~°∞. =∞Ç¨~å„+¨ì
WO@ˆ~fl+¨#Öò r<À"£∞ "åºb ZH±ûÖˇ<û£ J"å~°∞Å¤ #∞
Ñ¨^•‡=uH˜ „Ñ¨^•#O KÕâß~°∞. P"≥∞ JOQÆ"H·≥ Öõ Ïºxfl J@g Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å K«@Oì 2006 J=∞Å∞‰õΩ lÜ≥∂
|Ü≥∂-U+≤Ü«∂ ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ =∞O„u w`åÔ~_ç¤
JkèQÆq∞Oz ãÖw`«O <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩx HõàÏHÍi}˜QÍ W#Êù ~ å‡\ ˜ H ± û #∞ LÑ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ yOz KÕ Ñ ¨ \ ˜ ì #
„Ñ¨^è•#O KÕâß~°∞.
ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. D"≥∞ áÈeÜ≥∂ "åºkè„QÆã¨∞Î~åÅ∞. „áê*ˇ H ± ì ‰ õ Ω QÍ#∞ \© P ~ü \ © S H˜ D J"å~° ∞ ¤
*ËZ<£Ü«¸ „á⁄ÃÑ¶ã¨~ü‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù+≤¯<£ ÅaèOzOk.
Hõ#fly J"å~°∞¤ :
ã≤H¯˜ O‰õΩ K≥Ok# ^ä•QÆ∞=∂Ü«∂ |ˆ~"Ì å‰õΩ
QÀÖò¤ "≥∞_»Öò <å^ŒÖ‰ò Ωõ ÖÏÔ~ãπ J"å~°∞¤
|Ç¨˙HõiOKå~°∞. q`«O`«∞=ÙÅ∞, J<å^äŒÅ∞, „Ñüëêì`«‡Hõ Ñ¨Ù+≤¯<£ QÀÖò¤ "≥∞_»Öò#∞ ÖÏÔ~ãπ ™ÈÊ~üì û"≥∞<£ PÑ¶π k WÜ«∞~ü J"å~°∞¤
Hõëê‚Ö’¡ L#fl"åix P^Œ∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ P"≥∞ Hõ$+≤ [=Ç¨Ï~üÖÏÖò <≥„Ç¨˙ Ü«¸x=iû\© (*ËZ<£Ü¸ « ) ÃãÊ~Ú<£ >ˇhflãπ „H©_®HÍ~°∞_»∞ ~åÃÑ¶Öò <å^ŒÖò‰õΩ
KÕâß~°∞. „á⁄ÃÑ¶ã¨~ü J~°∞}ü "≥ÚÇ¨ÏOfH˜ ~°ëêº J^èŒº‰õΔΩ_»∞ Åaè O zOk. D J"å~° ∞ ¤ # ∞ Ñ¶ ≤ „ |=i 7#
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 23

J|∂^•aÖ’ JO^Œ*âË ß~°∞. ™ÈÊ~üì û L"≥∞<£ PÑ¶π HÕ^Œ>Ë_®k ~°∂.130-150 =∞^èŒº LOk. ^èŒ~° ÉèÏ~°`« á¶⁄\’„QÍÑ¶¨~ü‰õΩ „Ñ¨MÏº`«
k WÜ«∞~ü J"å~°∞¤ J"≥∞iHÍ‰õΩ K≥Ok# eO_Õû ÃÑ~°QÆ_»O`À ãÖã¨÷`À áê@∞ yi[# Ô~·`«∞Å∞
"À<£‰õΩ ÅaèOzOk. =~°Öò¤ \©O PÑ¶π k WÜ«∞~üQÍ ÑÖ_çOKÕ HÍÑ¶‘H˜ ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ ~å#∞<åfl~Ú. ãÖã¨÷ ™Èx J"å~°∞¤
ÃãÊ~Ú<£ =~°Öò¤ HõÑπ Ñ¶¨Ù\òÉÏÖò \©O ZOÑ≤ÔH·Ok. D U_®k 900 @#∞flÅ kQÆ∞|_çx ™êkèOzOk. ÉèÏ~°`« á¶⁄\’„QÍÑ¶~¨ ü ~°ÑÚ¨¶ ~°O[<£ ã¨~å¯~°∞
Öˇ·Ñ¶π >ÿ̌O Jpè"£"≥∞O\ò J"å~°∞¤ „á¶ê<£û Ñ¶¨Ù\òÉÏÖò QÆ`« U_®k`À áÈe¿ãÎ 300 @#∞flÅ∞ JkèHOõ . (50) „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« „Ñüëêì`‡« Hõ á¶⁄\’„QÍÑ¶‘ Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åxfl
„H©_®HÍ~°∞_»∞ l<≥_≥·<£ l^•<Õ‰õΩ ^ŒH˜¯Ok. =~å¬Å∞ J#∞‰õÄeOK«_O» `À ã¨HÍÅOÖ’ Ñ¨Ù=ÙfiÅ „a@<£Ö’ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ™Èx =~°Öò¤ á¶⁄\’„QÆÑ¶‘
WÖÏ Éèí\ò‰õΩ Ç¨~°fi~ü¤ =iû\© +¨=iOQ∑ =zÛOk. nO`À Ñ≤O^≥ Hõ\Ïì~Ú. qâßY J"å~üû¤ HÕ^Œ JOkOKÕ 'FÃÑ<£ Ñ‘ÑÙ¨ Öò á¶⁄\’„QÍÑ¶~¨ ü
=∞#ºOÖ’ ™êfiÉèÏqHõ Z~°∞=ÙÅ`À ÑÖ_Õ HÍÑ¶H‘ ˜ PÑ¶π k WÜ«∞~ü J"å~ü—¤ ‰õΩ 148 ^ÕâßÅ #∞Oz
J"å~°∞¤ „Ñ¨ÑÖK« =∂Ô~¯\òÖ’ =∞Oz y~åH© LO@∞Ok. 51 "ÕÅ =∞Ok áÈ\© Ñ¨_Q» Í ã¨~å¯~°∞ q*Ë`Q« Í
„Ñ¨=ÚY JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ HÍi‡Hõ <Õ`,« ÃãÖòÊù qâßY =∞#ºOÖ’ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ ZHõ~åÅÖ’ ãÖã¨÷ HÍÑ¶x‘ xÖÏKå~° ∞ . Ñ¨ t Û=∞Éˇ O QÍÖò Ö ’x u`åQÆ _ è £
-ZOáê¡Üü∞_Õ =Ù"≥∞<£û J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£ (¿ã"å) ™êQÆ ∞ KÕ ™ ÈÎ O k. `« ∂ ~° ∞ Ê QÀ^•=i lÖÏ¡ „QÍ=∞OÖ’ '„ÃÑO¶ _£û Å∞H±— ¿Ñi@ ã¨~å¯~°∞ fã≤#
=º=™ê÷Ñ¨‰õΩ~åÖˇ·# WÖÏ Éèí\ò‰õΩ „Ñüëêì`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ# =∂ˆ~_»∞q∞e¡ =∞O_»ÅOÖ’#∂ Wk ™êQÆ=Ù`ÀOk. á¶⁄\’ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åxfl fã¨∞‰õΩ=zÛOk.
Ç¨~åfi~ü¤ =iû\© #∞Oz '~å_£H˜¡Ñ¶π W<£ã≤ì@∂º\ò g\˜H˜ ‰õÄºiOQ∑ ˆHO„^ŒO #sûÑ¨@flOÖ’ LOk. _®Hõ~ì ü âßO`«‰Ωõ <åÜ«Ú_»=∞‡
"≥∞_»Öò— JaèOzOk. '¿ã"å— ã¨fiK«ÛO^Œ ãÖã¨÷ ^•fi~å ¿ãHõiOz# yO[Å#∞ Jxfl „áêO`åÅ #∞Oz
^•^•Ñ¨Ù 10 ÅHõΔÅ =∞Ok ÉèÏ~°`« =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ‰õ Ä ºiOQ∑ HÀã¨ O WHõ ¯ _ç H ˜ fã¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω =™êÎ ~ ° ∞ . Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~°O
ã¨fiÜ«∞O Láêkè á⁄O^ÕÖÏ PÅO|#QÍ xÅ=_»O J#O`«~O° =∂Ô~¯\ò‰Ωõ `«~e° ™êÎ~∞° . âß„ã¨ Î ™ êOˆ H uHõ ~° O QÍÖ’¡ qt+¨ ì
^•fi~å 77 Uà◊¡ Éèí\ò KÕã≤# qâı+¨ Hõ$+≤H˜, Ããx
· Hõ ^ŒàÏÅ Ñ„ ^
¨ •è <åkèHÍiH˜ ¿ã=ÅOkOz# „Ñ¨=ÚY âß„ãÎ̈"`Õ ÅÎ« ‰õΩ „Ñü U\Ï
ã¨=∂[OÃÑ#· P"≥∞ K«∂Ñ≤# „Ñ¨ÉÏè "åxH˜ QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨ÙQÍ „Ñ¨^•#O KÕ¿ã qâ◊fiqMÏº`« âß„ã¨Î"Õ`«Î _®Hõì~ü
D Ñ¨`«HÍxfl |Ç¨˙HõiOK«#∞#fl@∞¡ Ç¨~åfi~ü¤ J~°∞^≥#· Q“~°=O Ü«∞Å=iÎ <åÜ«Ú_»=∞‡ ™ê‡~°Hõ J"å~°∞¤#∞ 2010
=iû\ © H ˜ K≥ O k# ~å_£ H ˜ ¡ Ñ ¶ π W<£ ã ≤ ì @ ∂º\ò ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã·xHõ ^ŒàÏÅ „Ñ¨^è•<åkèHÍi ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ „Ñ¨MÏº`« HÍº#û~ü "≥^· ºŒ xÑ¨Ù}∞~åÅ∞,
"≥Å¡_çOzOk. ã¨=∂[OÃÑ· QÆ}hÜ«∞ „Ñ¨ÉèÏ=O [#~°Öò gˆH ã≤OQ∑‰Ωõ J~°∞^≥#· Q“~°=O ÅaèOzOk. K≥<≥·flÖ’x HÍº#û~ü W<£ã≤ì@∂º\ò (_»|∞¡ º.S.Z)
K«∂Ñ≤Oz# =º‰õΩÅÎ ‰õΩ WKÕÛ D Ñ¨`H« Íxfl ~å_£HÑ¡˜ π¶ „Ñüëêì`‡« Hõ J"≥∞iHÍ Ããx· Hõ HõàÏâßÅÖ’x Ç¨Öò K≥·~üÑ¨~°û<£ Ñ¨^Œ‡Éèí∂+¨}ü _®Hõì~ü q. âßO`«
_Õ ã¨ O ^Œ ~ ° ƒ ù O QÍ "Õ ∞ 27# Éè í \ ò ‰ õ Ω PÑ¶ π ¿Ñ¶ " £ ∞ Ö’ gˆ H ã≤ O Q∑ z„`« Ñ ¨ \ Ïxfl JO^Œ∞HÀ#∞<åfl~°∞. WO^Œ∞‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#
|Ç¨˙HõiOK«#∞#fl@∞¡ =iû\© „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕzOk. Pq+¨¯iOKå~°∞. J`«ºO`« J~°∞^≥#· D Q“~°"åxfl q=~åÅ#∞ _®Hõì~ü <åÜ«Ú_»=∞‡ ™ê‡~°Hõ„@ãπì
P"≥∞#∞ D Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~°O`À Q“~°qã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ#fl `˘e ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ãã·xHõ^ŒàÏÅ =º=™ê÷Ñ¨‰õΩ_»∞ "Õ∞<ÕlOQ∑ „@ã‘ì Ñ≤.q+¨μ‚ =¸iÎ
QÆ~fi° Ñ¨_∞» `«∞#fl@∞¡ ~å_£HÑ¡˜ π¶ W<£ã@
ì≤ ∂º\ò ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. „Ñ¨ ^ è • <åkè H ÍiQÍ gˆ H ã≤ O Q∑ K« i „`« Ö ’ "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. QÆ`« 5 ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ∞QÍ ÅHõΔÖÏk
„>Ë_£ Ü«¸xÜ«∞<£ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ã¨É∞íè ºÅ∞QÍ LO_Õ xezáÈ`å~°∞. =∂iÛ 11= `Õn# [iy# XHõ HÍº#û~ü "åºkè Ñ‘_`ç ∞« Å‰õΩ ã¨fiã¨`÷ « KÕ‰Äõ ~°Û_»"∞Õ HÍHõ,
'¿ã"å— ãÖã¨÷#∞ Éèí\ò 1972Ö’ ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OÖ’ z„`«Ñ¨@ Pq+¨¯~°} J#O`«~°O HÍº#û~ü "åºkè =¸ÖÏÅ#∞ HõxÃÑ>Ëì q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’
`«~åfi`« '¿ã"å— P^èŒfi~°ºOÖ’ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ ~°∞}ÏÅ∞, gˆHã≤OQ∑ '=ÓºÇ¨`«‡Hõ ~°HõΔ} <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO— J<Õ _®Hõì~ü q.âßO`« Hõ$+≤, ™êkèOz# q[Ü«∂Å
P~ÀQÆº, rq`« c=∂, tâ◊√ ãÖ~°HõΔ}ÖÏO\˜ JOâ◊OÃÑ· LÑ¨#ºã≤OKå~°∞. Ñ¨~°OÑ¨~°Ö’ P"≥∞#∞ D J"å~°∞¤‰õΩ ZOÑ≤Hõ
HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ =O^Œ‰Ωõ ÃÑQ· Í =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ™Èfi~ü¤ PÑ¶π P#~ü á⁄Ok# `˘e KÕÜ∞« _»O [iyO^Œ<åfl~°∞. âß„ã¨Î ™êOˆHuHõ ~°OQÍÖ’¡
ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° ãÖÑ¶¨∂Å∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞. 2010 xÑ¨Ù}`« Hõey, QÆ}hÜ«∞"≥∞#ÿ ¿ã=Å∞ JOkOz#
<å\˜H˜ '¿ã"å— ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ ãÖYº 12 ÅHõΔÅ‰õΩ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ tMÏ J=ã≤÷ =º‰õΩÎÅ#∞ QÆ∞iÎOz, _®Hõì~ü Ü«∞Å=iÎ <åÜ«Ú_»=∞‡
KÕ~°∞‰õΩOk. =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ nHΔÍ ^ŒHõΔ`«Å‰õΩ Wk `å*Ï ™ê‡~°Hõ J"å~°∞¤`À ã¨`«¯iOKÕ ã¨`«ûO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂xfl
=∞#ºO HÍÑ¶H‘ ˜ J"å~°∞¤ `å~å¯}O. Ñ¨Ó}ˇÖ’x ™êÜ«Ú^èŒ ^ŒàÏÅ "≥·^Œº 1986Ö’ „áê~°OaèOKå=∞<åfl~°∞. WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰õΩ
HõàÏâßÅ (UZÑ¶πZOã‘)‰õΩ K≥Ok# tMÏ J=ã≤÷ 18 =∞Ok âß„ã¨Î"Õ`«ÎÅ#∞ <åÜ«Ú_»=∞‡ ™ê‡~°Hõ
PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò J@g Jaè=$kú ãÖã¨÷ J`«ºO`« J~°∞^≥·# Q“~°"åxfl ™êkèOKå~°∞. ZO`À Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~°O`À ã¨`¯« iOz#@∞¡ q+¨μ=‚ ¸iÎ K≥áêÊ~°∞.
(UÑ‘ Z Ñ¶ π _ ô ã ‘ ) D U_®k ÖÏÉè Ï Å ÉÏ@Ö’ „Ñüëêì`«‡HõOQÍ ÉèÏqOKÕ '™Èfi~ü¤ PÑ¶π P#~ü— ~å„+¨ì ÃÇÏ· HÀ~°∞ì <åºÜ«∞=¸iÎ Zãπq. ~°=∞} =ÚYº
Ñ¨ Ü « ∞ x™ÈÎ O k. kQÆ ∞ |_ç ÉÏQÍ ~å=_» O `À Ñ¨Ù~°™ê¯~åxfl á⁄Ok# `˘e =∞Ç≤Ïà◊QÍ P"≥∞ JukäQÍ áêÖÁæO\Ï~°∞.
P^•Ü«∞O ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞`«∞Ok. WHõ¯_ç HÍÑ¶H‘ ˜ ÃÑ<·¶ H£ Ñõ π¶ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ`#« ∞ ™êkèOKå~°∞. nO`À áê@∂ J`«ºO`«
J"å~°∞¤ ‰õÄ_® ^ŒH¯˜ Ok. UÑ‘ZÑ¶_π ãô ‘ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ [Ü«∞f ÃÑ¶∞å+π‰õΩ S.ZÖò.F „ÃÑ·*ò
qt+ì̈"≥∞ÿ# ~åRÑü ã¨fi~°‚ Ñ¨`«HõO, HõoOQÆ„\’Ñ¶‘x
nxx =∂iÛ 20# Éˇ O QÆ ∞ à◊ ¥ ~° ∞ Ö’ [iˆ Q Ãã·`«O tMÏ ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. L`«Î~°„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’x JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ HÍi‡Hõ ãÖã¨÷ (S.ZÖò.F)‰õΩ
ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ JO^Œ∞HÀ#∞<åfl~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞O ãÖã¨÷ ~åÜü∞|ˆ~bH˜ K≥Ok# tMÏ J=ã≤÷ PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’ K≥Ok# _ôÃãO\ò =~ü¯ sÃã~üÛ „ÃÑ·*ò Pi÷Hõ "Õ`«Î
_ôZO „Ñ¨™ê^£ `≥eáê~°∞. =∂"À~Úã¨∞Åì #∞Oz áê~î°âßÅ q^Œº#Éèíºã≤OKå~°∞. ã≤HÕ„^•ÉÏ^£Ö’ [Ü«∞f ÃÑ∞¶ å+π‰Ωõ ÅaèOzOk. D"≥∞ [=Ç¨Ï~ü ÖÏÖò
J<ÕHõ J"åO`«~åÅ∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#flÑ¨Ê\˜H© ãÖã¨÷ ÉÁÖÏ~°O „áêO`«OÖ’x Hˆ O„nÜ«∞ q^•ºÅÜ«∞OÖ’ <≥„Ç¨˙ Ü«¸x=iû\©Ö’ J^è•ºÑ¨‰Ωõ ~åeQÍ Ñ¨x
ÅHΔÍºÅ#∞ ™êkè™ÈÎOk. D U_®k HÍÑ¶‘ yO[Å#∞ K«kq# J#O`«~°O P"≥∞ 2006Ö’ Ñ¨Ù}ˇÖ’x KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. D J"å~°∞¤#∞ 5000 _®Å~°¡Ö’
^è~Œ É° ÏQÆ∞Ok. H˜Ö’ ~°∂.170 =~°‰Ωõ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`ÀOk. UZÑ¶Zπ Oã‘H˜ =KÕÛâß~°∞. |Ç¨˙Hõi™êÎ~°∞.
24 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 [h~À Jkè Q Æ q∞OK« _ » " Õ ∞ HÍHõ , H˜ O ^Œ \ ˜ ÖÏ"å „Ñ¨=Ç≤ÏOzO^Œx âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
"å~°Ö
Î ’¡ Ñ„ ^
¨ â
Õ ßÅ∞
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
ã¨ O =`« û ~° O `À áÈe¿ãÎ =ÚO|~Ú H˜ ~ å~Ú D „Ñ¨^âÕ O◊ , K«O„^Œ∞x =∞^èºŒ ~ˆ Y‰õΩ H˘OK≥O ÃÑ·
qÅ∞=Ö’¡ Z@∞=O\˜ =∂~°∞Ê ÖË^xŒ ‰õÄ_® ã‘ ÉèÏQÍ# LOk. ÃÑ^ŒÌ ãÖYºÖ’ "Àº=∞QÍ=ÚÅ∞
Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K«OÖ’ÔHÖÏ¡ Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ _»|∂¡ º q=iOzOk. 2010Ö’ D *Ïa`åÖ’ LO_»\ÏxH˜, ÉèÏs ÑïHõ~åÅ∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ gÅ∞
13= ™ê÷#OÖ’ L#fl iÜ≥∂ _ç [h~ÀÖ’ J^≥ÅÌ ∞ D QÆ∞Ç¨ÏÖ’ LOk. D QÆ∞Ç¨Ï JHõ¯_ç "å`å=~°}
L‰õΩ¯ Hõ~å‡QÍ~°O Xi™êûÖ’ ÉÏQÍ ÃÑiyáÈÜ«∂Ü«∞Ok. iÜ≥∂ _ç [h~ÀÖ’ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å #∞Oz "Àº=∞QÍ=ÚÅ#∞ ~°HãΔ̃ ∞¨ OÎ ^Œx
„Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« O Ö’<Õ Ju ÃÑ^Œ Ì L‰õ Ω ¯ HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞O U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ∂« ÅO>Ë ã¨Q@Æ ∞ H˜~å~Ú ¿ãÊãπ JÑ≤Hˆ¡ +¨<£ ÃãO@~ü‰Ωõ K≥Ok# âß„ã¨"Î `Õ Î« UZãπ,
Hõ~å‡QÍ~åxfl Xi™êûÖ’ =KÕÛ Ñ¨^Õà◊¡ HÍÅOÖ’ K«^Œ~°Ñ¨Ù J_»∞QÆ∞‰õΩ U_®kH˜ 120 _®Å~°∞¡ Y~°∞Û P~°º `≥eáê~°∞.
U~åÊ@∞ KÕ™êÎ=∞x lO^•Öò ã‘ìÖò JO_£ Ñ¨=~ü J=Ù`«∞O^Œx JOK«<å Hõ\ Oì̃ k. HÍQÍ #∂ºÜ«∂~ü¯
(*ËZãπÑZ‘ Öò) Zy˚‰Äõ º\˜"£ "≥ã· -π Kè~·≥ ‡° <£, "Õ∞<ÕlOQ∑ #QÆ~°O x~°∞_»∞ =ÚO|~Ú Hõ<åfl XHõ ™ê÷#O áêÅÑ¨ÙO`«Ö’ 5 "ÕÅ HÀ@¡
_≥~Ô· Hõ~ì ü #g<£ lO^•Öò „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞. J#∞QÆ∞ÖòÖ’ kQÆ∞=# L#flk HÍ™êÎ D ™êi XHõ JOK≥ Zky, „QÆÇ¨Å∞
`«=∞ HõOÃÑh xi‡ã¨∞#Î fl ã‘Öì ò áê¡O@∞ `˘e ^Œâ◊ J~Ú^À ™ê÷#O ^ŒH˜¯OK«∞H˘Ok. #∂ºÜ«∂~ü¯Ö’
D ãÖ=`«û~°O PÑ¶ã‘ π P‰õΩºÃÑhû =ºÜ«∞O K«^~Œ Ñ° Ù¨ =∞# áêÅÑ¨ÙO`«Ö’ `˘e™êiQÍ „QÆÇ¨ Å
2012 =∂iÛ <å\˜H˜ Ñ¨ÓiÎ JÜÕ∞º HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞ ãÖYº#∞ âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ ÖˇH˜¯OKå~°∞. Wq 5 "ÕÅ
„áê~°Oaèã∞¨ OÎ ^Œx `≥eáê~°∞. nx L`«ÊuÎ ™ê=∞~°º÷ O J_»∞QÆ∞‰õΩ 115 _®Å~°∞Q¡ Í (U_®kH˜) LO^Œx ã‘
_»|∂¡ º `≥eÑ≤Ok. HÀ@¡ „QÆÇ¨ Å∞ L#fl@∞¡ `ÕÖÏÛ~°∞. WO^Œ∞Ö’ 50
U_®kH˜ 2 q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ∞ (ZO\©Ñ‘U) HÀ@¡ „QÆÇ¨ Å∞ QÀe¤ÖÏH±û „áêO`«OÖ’ (JO`« L+Öì
LO@∞O^Œx, 2013 HõÖÏ¡ D ™ê=∞~å÷ºxfl 6 `˘e ¢ÃÑ·"Õ\ò ã≤\© Ô~·ÖËfi HÍi_®~ü QÍ#∞, JO`« j`« Å OQÍ#∞ LO_» x
ZO\©ÑU‘ ‰õΩ qãïÎ ™êÎ=∞x #g<£ lO^•Öò K≥áêÊ~°∞. ^Õâ◊OÖ’ `˘e™êiQÍ „ÃÑ·"Õ\ò ã≤\ © Ô~·ÖËfi "å`å=~°}OÖ’) L#fl@∞¡ QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. g\˜Ö’
PÃÑ· D áê¡O@∞ ™ê=∞~å÷ºxfl 20 ZO\©ÑU‘ ‰õΩ ã¨sfiã¨∞Å∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅÜ«∂º~Ú. #∂º_èçb¡- ^•fi~°HÍ r=O LO_Õ J=HÍâ◊O LO^Œx ÉèÏqã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞.
ÃÑOK«∞`å=∞x, JÑ¨Ù_»∞ L`«ÊuÎ Ñ¨~°OQÍ K«∂¿ãÎ ÃãHÍì~ü 21 =∞^èŒº Z~Ú~üáÈ~üì "≥∞„\’ ZH±û„ÃÑãπ WO^Œ∞HÀãÖ J"≥∞iHÍ JO`«iHõΔ Ñïâ’^è#Œ ãÖã¨÷
„Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« O Ö’ D áê¡ O @∞ Ju ÃÑ^Œ Ì k QÍ ¿ã=Å∞ „áê~°OÉè=í ∞Ü«∂º~Ú. nO`À ã≤\ ,© Z~Ú~ü (<å™ê)‰õ Ω K≥ O k# Ô H Ñ¨ ¡ ~ ü >ˇ e ™È¯Ñ¨ Ù #∞
xÅ∞ã¨∞OÎ ^Œ<åfl~°∞. L‰õΩ¯ Hõ~å‡QÍ~°O`À áê@∞ ÉÁQÆ∞æ áÈ~üì =∞^èŒº ÃÇ·Ï-ã‘Ê_£ eO‰õΩ L#fl ÅO_»<£, LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKå~°∞. D >ˇe™È¯Ñ¨Ù JOkOz#
#∞Oz WO^è#Œ L`«ÊuÎH˜ ‰õÄ_® U~åÊ@∞ KÕã∞¨ #Î fl@∞¡ Ç¨OHÍOQ∑ =O\˜ Ju H˘kÌ #QÆ~åÅ ã¨~°ã¨# „áê^äqŒ ∞Hõ Ñ¶e¨ `åÅ P^è•~°OQÍ „QÆÇ¨ Å ãÖYº#∞
"≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. 4 q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ ÉÁQÆ∞æ#∞ #∂º_è ç b ¡ ‰õ Ä _® KÕ i #@¡ ~ ÚOk. _è ç b ¡ Ö ’x =∞kOÑ¨Ù "Õâß~°∞.
ãÖã¨¯iOz ~ÀA‰õΩ 8 "ÕÅ ÉÏºÔ~à◊¡ WO^èŒ#O 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
Hõ<å\ò¿Ñ¡ãπ#∞, WOk~åQÍOnè JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
L`«ÊuÎ KÕ™êÎ=∞<åfl~°∞. ~å#∞#fl Ñ¨^Õà◊¡Ö’ `«=∞ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
q=∂<å„â◊ Ü « ∞ O >ˇ i ‡#Öò x D Ô ~ · Ö Ë fi 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
HõOÃÑh ã¨∞=∂~°∞ ~°∂.1,10,000 HÀ@¡ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç
~°H}Δõ ~°OQÆO
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
HÍi_®~üHÅõ ∞Ñ¨Ù`«∞Ok. ã¨∞=∂~°∞ ~°∂.5,700HÀ@¡
ÃÑ>Ëì J=HÍâ◊O LO^Œx #g<£ q=iOKå~°∞. =ºÜ«∞O`À xi‡Oz# D HÍi_®~ü#∞ =∂iÛÖ’ ~°ëêº‰õÄ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ JO`«iHõΔ xÑ¶¨∂
„Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î O« „Ñüáêk`« HõOÃÑhÖ’¡ áÈ™È¯ Ü«∂~Ô ûÅ~ü JkèHÍiHõOQÍ „áê~°OaèOK«#∞<åfl~°∞. iÅÜ«∞<£û
q∞@ìÖò HõOÃÑhÅ∞ 12 q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ L`«ÊuÎ W„<åÊù <Õ`«$`«fiOÖ’x _èçb¡ Z~Ú~üáÈ~üì "≥∞„\’ =º=ã¨÷
KÕ™êÎÜ«∞x, ~°∂Ô~¯ÖÏ ã‘ìÖò áê¡O\òÖ’ 3 ZO\©Ñ‘U, ZH±û„ÃÑãπ Hõ<åûi¬Ü«∞O nxfl x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞ÎOk. =º‰õ Ω Î Å ∞, "åÇ¨ Ï <åÅ∞ ÖË ^ • =∞ˆ ~
\Ï\Ï ãÖã¨÷ 6 q∞. @#∞flÅ∞ L‰õΩ¯ L`«ÊuÎ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi, „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºOÖ’ D `«~Ç° ¨ ~Ô Ö· fiË =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ<≥<· å ã¨~ˆ JO`«iHõOΔ #∞OKÕ QÆ∞iÎOK«QeÆ Qˆ
KÕã¨∞Î<åflÜ«∞x #g<£ K≥áêÊ~°∞. HÍi_®~ü W^Õ „Ñ¨^äŒ=∞O. ã¨∞=∂~°∞ QÆO@ Ñ¨>Ëì =º=ã¨÷ QÀ¡|Öò á⁄l+¨xOQ∑ ã≤ã¨ì"£∞ (rÑ‘Zãπ)
Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K«OÖ’ J`«ºO`« Ys^≥#· „Ñ¨Ü∂« }O D ~Ô Å· ∞ =∂~°Oæ `À 18 xq∞ëêÅ‰õΩ J"≥∞iHÍ Jaè=$kú KÕã#≤ D =º=ã¨‰÷ Ωõ n@∞QÍ
`«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. ~°ëêº ‰õÄ_® 'QÀ¡<åãπ— ¿Ñi@ <åqˆQ+¨<£ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞
P~À #QÆ~O° =ÚO|~Ú 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
„áê~°OaèOzOk. QÀ¡<åãπ-HÔ LÑ¨„QÆÇ¨ xfl fã¨∞HÔ o¡#
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
D ãÖ=`«û~°O „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ J`«ºO`« ~À^Œã‘ ~°OQÆO
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
™ÈÜ«∞*ò-2 ~åÔH\ò ^•xfl q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ HõHΔõ ºÖ’
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ@ìQÆeyO^Œx ÃÑ¶_»~°Öò ¿ãÊãπ U*ˇhû
Ys^≥·# HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞ =ãü Hõey# #QÆ~åÅ
*Ïa`åÖ’ =ÚO|~Ú XHõ "≥∞@∞ì ky, P~À K«O„^Œ∞xÃÑ· QÆ∞Ç¨Ï „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ zOk. D =º=ã¨‰÷ Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz# „Ñ¨^•è #
™ê÷<åxH˜ Ñïq∞`«O J~Ú#@∞¡ QÀ¡|Öò iÜ«∞bì Ñ¨ s Hõ Δ Å ∞ x~° fi Ç≤ Ï Oz#@∞¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. D
ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ JO`«iHõΔ Ñïâ’^èŒ# ãÖã¨÷‰õΩ LÑ¨„QÆÇ¨ xfl HõHΔõ ºÖ’ „Ñ¨"âÕ Ã◊ Ñ>ËOì ^Œ∞‰õΩ ~°ëêº Z<Àfl
Hõ#ûÖì̌O\ò ‰õΩ+π=∞<£ "ÕHÑ± Ö‘¶ ò¤ (ã‘ _»|∂¡ º) K≥Ok# âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ K«O„^Œ∞x Éèí∂QÆ~°ƒùOÖ’ ÉèÏs
¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. 2011 *Ïa`åÖ’ Ç¨  OHÍOQ∑ ™ê~°∞¡ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÍÅ∞ KÕã≤ qÑ¶¨Å"≥∞ÿOk. =~°∞ã¨
Ñï=∂}OÖ’ L#fl QÆ∞Ç¨Ï#∞ QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. D "≥·Ñ¶¨ÖÏºÅ‰õΩ P„QÆÇ¨ÏO K≥Ok# P ^Õâ◊ J^èŒº‰õΔΩ_»∞
J„QÆ ™ ê÷ # O JÅOHõ i OzOk. Ç¨  OHÍOQ∑ Ö ’ „Ñ¨ ^ Õ â ◊ O Éè í q +¨ º `« ∞ Î Ö ’ K« O „^Œ ∞ xÃÑ· H ˜ "≥ à ı ¡
HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞O U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë ã¨QÆ@∞# "≥∞^≥fi^≥"£ JO`«iHõΔ ˆHO„^•xH˜ K≥Ok# W^ŒÌ~°∞
"Àº=∞QÍ=ÚÅ∞ KÕÑ>¨ ìË Ñïâ’^èÅŒ ‰õΩ ™ê÷=~°O (ÉËãπ L#fl`åkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ q^è∞Œ Å #∞Oz `˘ÅyOKå~°∞.
U_®kH˜ K«^Œ~°Ñ¨Ù J_»∞QÆ∞‰õΩ 241 _®Å~°∞¡ Y~°∞Û HÍºOÑπ)QÍ LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_Õ J=HÍâ◊O LOk. Z@ìˆHÅ‰õΩ QÀ¡<åãπ HõHõΔ ºÖ’H˜ KÕ~°∞HÀ=_»O`À
KÕÜ∞« =Åã≤ LO@∞Ok. ÅO_»<,£ \’HÀº #QÆ~åÅ∞ K«O„^ŒÜ«∂<£-1 „áê*ˇ‰õΩìÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ >ˇ„Ô~~Ú<£ âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ TÑ≤i Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. 2012 HõÖÏ¡
=~°∞ã¨QÍ ~Ô O_À, =¸_À ™ê÷<åÅÖ’ L<åfl~Ú. =∂ºÑ≤OQ∑ ÔH"≥∞~å, ÃÇ·ÏÑ¨~ü ÃãÊ„HõìÖò W"Õ∞[~ü „Ñü "åÇ¨Ï#OÖ’ QÀ¡<åãπ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ U~åÊ@∞KÕã≤
=ÚO|~ÚÖ’ HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞ P‰õΩºÃÑhû =ºÜ«∞O (ÃÇÏKü"Z·≥ ãπS) ÑÖÑ≤# _®\Ï#∞ qâı+¡ O≤ z# ¿ãÊãπ xÑ¶∂¨ LOKåÅ<Õk ~°ëêº ÅHõΔ ºO. JÖÏˆQ `«=∞
K«^Œ~°Ñ¨Ù J_»∞QÆ∞‰õΩ 114 _®Å~°∞¡QÍ LO^Œx JÑ≤¡ˆH+¨<£ ÃãO@~ü âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ K«O„^Œ∞xÃÑ· 1.2 ^Õ â ◊ O ÃÑ· H˜ Δ Ñ ¨ } ˜ ^•_» ∞ Å#∞ =ÚO^Œ ∞ QÍ<Õ
*Ïa`åÖ’ ÖˇHõ¯QÆ\Ïì~°∞. *Ïa`åÖ’ =ÚO|~Ú H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ á⁄_»"#·≥ @∂ºÉò PHÍ~°OÖ’ L#fl MÏm x"åiOKÕ O ^Œ ∞ ‰õ Ω D =º=ã¨ ÷ # ∞
ÃãO„@Öò al<≥ãπ _ç„ã≤Hì #ì± ∞ „ÉˇlÖòÖ’x iÜ≥∂ _ç „Ñ¨"âÕ ßxfl QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. QÆÒ« Ö’ D @∂ºÉòÖ’Oz LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«∞HÀ=K«Ûx qâı+¡ ‰¨ Ωõ Å∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞.
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 25

x~À^èŒHõ HΔ̃Ñ¨}˜ Ñ¨sHõΔ ã¨∂Ñ¨~ü "≥∞ÿ„HÀ™È¯Ñπ Pq+¨¯~°} PHõ@∞ì‰Ωõ #fl Ü«Ú= P@QÍà◊√¡
q[Ü«∞=O`«O „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ J`«ºO`« â◊H˜Î=O`«"≥∞ÿ# 33 JOâßÖ’¡ 444 ã¨fi~å‚Å HÀãÖ
"≥∞„ÿ HÀ™È¯Ñπ (ã¨∂HõΔ ‡^Œi≈x) #∞ Ü«¸x=iû\© PÑ¶π P@QÍà◊√¡ áÈ\©Ñ_¨ ®¤~∞° . +¨Ø\ÕQ∑, Hõ<À~ÚOQ∑-
ÉèÏ~°`ü ^ÕjÜ«∞OQÍ Jaè=$kú KÕã≤# HõÜ«∂HÕQ∑, ~À~ÚOQ∑ qÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ u~°∞QÆ∞ÖËx
'x~À^èHŒ õ HΔ̃Ñ}
¨ —˜ x q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ yOz =∂OK≥ãì̈~ü âß„ãÎ̈"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞. „a\˜+π
D Ñ¨sHõΔ HÀãÖ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ Ñ¨$näfi H˜ΔÑ¨}˜H˜ Ñïâ’^èŒ‰õΩÅ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O`À "å~°∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã≤# Pkè`«ºO Hõ#|iz# ã¨sfiÃããπ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù Jxfl
=∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕã≤ â◊„`«∞^Õâ◊Ñ¨Ù ÉÏeã≤ìH± H˜ΔÑ¨}˜QÍ D H˘`«Î PÑ≤ìHõÖò "≥∞ÿ„HÀ™È¯Ñ¨Ù`À "≥·~°ãπ Hõ}ÏÅ∞ Ñ¨`«HÍÅ#∞ `«=∞ MÏ`åÖ’ "Õã¨∞‰õΩOk. =Ù+¨μ,
„Ñ¨Ü∂≥ yOKå~°∞. LÑï`«ÅO #∞Oz LÑï`«ÅO [i¿Ñ K«~°ºÅ#∞ Ãã·`«O K«∂_»=K«∞Û. „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`« ÃÑxûOQ∑, ÃãH· O¡˜ Q∑ÅÖ’ `«=∞ ã¨`åÎ Kå\˜ =∞}˜ÑÓ¨ ~ü
g∞^Œ ^•_çK¿Õ ã ÉÏeã≤Hì ± H˜ÑΔ }¨ ˜ QÍÖ’¡ ÖËz# =¸_»∞ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡^Œi≈#∞Å Hõ<åfl 20 Ô~@∞¡ JkèHõ ™ê=∞~°÷ºO Z‰õΩ¯= Ñ¨`«HÍÅ∞ ÔQÅ∞K«∞HÀ=@O`À Ô~O_À
xq∞ëêÅˆH x~À^èŒHõ H˜ΔÑ¨}˜ (J_®fi<£û_£ Z~Ú~ü QÆ Å D Ñ¨ i Hõ ~ ° O `À 50 <å<Àg∞@~° ¡ ™ê÷#OÖ’ xezOk. Ô~l¡OQ∑ 14 ã¨fi~å‚Å#∂,
_çÃÑ¶<£û-UU_ô) f~°O "≥O|_ç U~åÊ@∞KÕã≤# Ñï=∂}OÖ’x =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® gHΔ̃OK«=K«∞Û. ÉÏH˜ûOQ∑Ö’ 7 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ QÔ Å∞K«∞H˘x Ç¨Ï~åº<å ã¨`åÎ
~å_®~°¡ ™êÜ«∞O`À ^•xfl Ñ¨ã≤QÆ\ ì̃ ‰õÄÖËÛã≤Ok. XHõ ÃãO\© g ∞@~ü ‰ õ Ω HÀ\˜ <å<À g∞@~° ∞ ¡ K«∂Ñ≤OzOk. ã≤fiq∞‡OQ∑Ö’ =∞Ç¨~å„+¨,ì _èbç ¡ Ç¨Ï"å
|OQÍàÏMÏ`«OÖ’ Éè∂í q∞H˜ 16 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ Z`«∞#Î ã¨=∂#=Ù`åÜ«∞O>Ë WHõ 50 <å<Àg∞@~°O¡ >Ë ZO`« H˘#™êyOk. WO^Œ∞Ö’ =∞Ç¨~å„+ì̈ 13 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞
ÅHΔÍºxfl KèÕkOzOk. ã¨∂HõΔ ‡"≥∂ J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. JO^Œ∞ˆH J`«ºO`« JO^Œ∞‰õΩOk. _èbç ¡ ã≤fi=∞‡~ü iKåq∞„âß UHõOQÍ
`˘Å∞`« Xi™êû f~° O Ö’ L#fl ã¨ ∂ Hõ Δ ‡ Ñ¨ i =∂}OÖ’x =ã¨ ∞ Î = ÙÅ#∞ 11 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ ("≥Ú`«ÎO 16 Ñ¨`«HÍÅ∞) ÔQez
KåOnÑ¨ Ó ~ü #∞Oz ÉÏeã≤ ì H ± H˜ Δ Ñ ¨ } ˜ x K«∂Ñ≤OK«QÆÅ_»OÖ’ Wk „Ñ¨ÑÖK« iHÍ~°∞¤ Jx
|OQÍàÏMÏ`«O g∞^Œ‰Ωõ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ yOKå~°∞. f~åxH˜ J^èŒºÜ«∞# |$O^ŒO ™ê~°kä „á⁄ÃÑ¶ã¨~ü e<£b ãÖK«Å#O ã¨$+≤Oì zOk. J`«ºkèHõ ã¨fi~å‚Å *ÏfÜ«∞
70 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ 'gÅ~üû nq—Ö’ L#fl "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. 20 <å<Àg∞@~°¡ "åºãÖÖ’ LO_Õ iHÍ~°∞#¤ ∞ iKå ã¨=∞O KÕãO≤ k.g~ü ^è•=Öò MÏ_Õ
'x~À^äŒHõ H˜ΔÑ¨}˜— f~°OÖ’ J=∞iÛ# Ãã#û~°¡ [Å∞|∞ "≥~· ã° π ÖÏO\˜ "≥~· ã° π Hõ}ÏÅ Ö’Ñë ÉèÏQÍxfl (Hõ~å‚@Hõ) P~°∞ ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ <≥QÆæQÍ, ~å"Õ∞â◊fii^Õq
™êÜ«∞O`À ÉÏeã≤Hì ± H˜ÑΔ } ¨ ˜ QÆ=∞<åxfl QÆ∞iÎOzOk. ‰õÄ_® nx`À gHΔ̃OK«=K«Û<åfl~°∞. nO`À ã¨r= (Ãã·H˜¡OQ∑), ã≤x"≥∂Öò (Hõ<À~ÚOQ∑-HõÜ«∂HÕQ∑),
â◊|Ì "ÕQÍxH˜ 4.5 ~Ô @¡ "ÕQOÆ `À PHÍâßxH˜ ZQÆã≤ "≥·~°ãπ Hõ}ÏO`«~åƒùQÍÅ#∞ ZÖÏO\˜ ~°OQÆ∞Å∞ náêHõ~°∞}ÏHõ~ü (l=∂flã≤ìH±û), ãÖr"£ ~å*òÑ¨Ù`ü
^•xfl‰õÄÖËÛã≤Ok. "å_» ‰ õ Ω O_® <Õ ~ ° ∞ QÍ K« ∂ ¿ã J=HÍâ◊ O (+¨ Ø \˜ O Q∑ ) `« Ö Ï S^Œ ∞ ã¨ fi ~å‚ Å ∞ MÏ`åÖ’
ÉèÏ~°`ü UU_ô 30 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ Z`«∞=Î ~°‰Ωõ U~°Ê_ç#O^Œ∞# Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’ "≥·~°ãπÅ∞, r= "Õ ã ¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω <åfl~° ∞ . P~° Û sÖ’ ™êì ~ ü P@QÍà◊ √ ¡
=KÕÛ ÉÏeã≤Hì ± H˜ÑΔ }¨ ∞efl ‰õÄÅÛQÆÅ^Œ∞. nx á⁄_»=Ù B+¨^è•ÅÃÑ· J^èŒºÜ«∞#OÖ’ qÑ¨¡"å`«‡Hõ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ `«~∞° }ünÑπ~åÜü∞, nÑ≤HÍ‰õΩ=∂i qÑ¶Å¨ =∞Ü«∂º~°∞.
U_»∞ g∞@~°∞.¡ XHõ JOK≥ ~åÔH\ò`À #_çKÕ x~À^èHŒ õ KÀ@∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀ#∞<åflÜ«∞x b `≥eáê~°∞. *ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_»Å =ÚyOÑ¨Ù L`«û=O
H˜ΔÑ¨}˜. kâß xˆ~Ìâ◊OKÕ¿ã =º=ã¨÷ JO`«~°æ`«OQÍ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 J@ìÇ¨ ãÖQÍ [iyOk. ~åOpÖ’x a~åû=ÚO_®
LO@∞Ok. Éè∂í g∞‡^Œ L#fl Ñ¨Å∞ KÀ@¡ J=∞iÛ# 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
Ãã#û~°∞¡ ÑÖÑ≤OKÕ _Õ\Ï#∞ HΔ̃Ñ} ¨ Ö˜ ’x HõOÑ¨Óº@~ü
„H©_®~°OQÆO
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 J^ä≥¡\ ˜H±û ¿ãì_çÜ«∞OÖ’ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù <åÅ∞QÆ∞ QÆO@Å
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
=º=ã¨÷ qâı¡+≤ã¨∂Î =∂~åæxfl =∂~°∞Ê‰õΩO@∞Ok. áê@∞ ™êy# "Õ_»∞HõÅ∞ „H©_»Å‰õΩ Ñ¶¨∞#"≥∞ÿ#
ÅHΔÍºxfl KèkÕ ã¨∞OÎ k. Éè∂í "å`å=~°}O ZQÆ∞=# =Úyã≤# 34= *ÏfÜ«∞ H„ _
© Å
» ∞ =ÚyOÑ¨ÙxKåÛ~Ú. ÉÏb=Ù_£ #\˜ Hõ„u<å ÔH·Ñ¶π
„Ñ¨Ü∂« }˜ã∂¨ Î HΔ̃Ñ} ¨ ∞Å#∞ ‰õÄÖËÛ UU_ôÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® P~°∞ ™ê~°∞¡ ~Ô O_Õà√◊ ¡ PÅã¨ºO WÖÏ J<ÕHõ _®º<£û HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞OD ëÈ‰õΩ „Ñ¨^•è # PHõ~¬° }QÍ
ÉèÏ~°`ü `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ™ÈÎOk. nxH˜ Ô~O_»OK≥Å P~°OÉèí qÑ¶∂¨ flÅ#∞ ^•\˜ *Ï~°Oö _£Ö’ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# xezOk. „Ñ¨=ÚY QÍÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞ ëê<£ `«# w`åÅ`À
~åÔH\ò#∞ J=∞~°∞™êÎ~°∞. ÉèÏ~°`ü x~À^èŒHõ HΔ̃Ñ¨}˜x 34= *ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_Å» ∞ Z@ìHˆ Å‰õΩ HõOzH˜ KÕ~å~Ú. JÅiOKå_»∞. '[sfl Ñ¶~¨ ü PÖò— ¿Ñ~°∞`À ™êOã¨¯ $uHõ
„Ñ¨Ü∂≥ yOK«_O» Wk P~À™êi. XHõ¯™êi =∂„`«"∞Õ Ñ¶„≤ |=i -12# „áê~°OÉè"í ∞≥ #ÿ „H©_Å» ‰õΩ Ñ¶„≤ |=i
qÑ¶¨Å=∞~ÚºOk. `˘e „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÆO 2006Ö’ HÍ~° º „Hõ = ∂Å∞ „áê~° O Éè í O HÍQÍ, áê~î ° â ßÅ
[iyOk. 26 =ÚyOÑ¨Ù L`«û=O`À `≥~°Ñ¨_çOk. ™êì~ü q^•º~° ∞ ÷ Å ∞ 'ÜÕ ∞ ^Õ â ò ~° O wÖÏ— JO@∂
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 P@QÍà◊√¡ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok ^Œ∂~°O HÍ=@O, „HỖH\ò
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
#$`« º ~° ∂ Ñ¨ H õ O „Ñ¨ ^ Œ i ‡OKå~° ∞ . *Ï~° ö O _£
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
Ãã<· û£ JO_£ >ˇHÍflÅr „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ π ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ [~°Q@Æ O`À H˘O`« Hõà◊
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ "å~Ú^•ºÅ`À ã¨=∞‰õÄiÛ# qOQ∑û
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 `«ÑÊ≤ <å Ü«Ú= P@QÍà◊‰¡ Ωõ =∂„`«O `«=∞ ã¨`åÎ PÑ¶π Jã≤Êˆ~+¨<£ ÉÏ}© PHõ@∞ì‰õΩOk. 'a^•~¸—
K«∂Ñ≤OKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ K«Hõ¯\˜ J=HÍâ◊O HõeyOk. (g_À¯Å∞) ¿Ñ~°∞`À qaè#fl ãÖw`« ÑïHõ~åÅ`À
Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ QÍºãπ ã¨sfiÃããπ ™ÈÊ~üì û HõO„\’Öò É’~ü¤ (Z<£Zãπã‘c)
KÕã≤# „Ñ¨^Œ~°≈# ‰õÄ_® „¿ÑHõΔ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ Hõ\ ì̃Ñ¨_Õã≤Ok.
@Ô~·ƒ<£ J^Œ∞ƒù`"« ∞≥ #ÿ „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° #Å`À 162 Ñ¨`H« ÍÅ∞ ™êkèOz
*ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_»Ö’¡ =∞~À™êi `«# PkèHÍºxfl J#O`«~°O =KÕÛ *ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_»Å∞ ˆH~°à◊Ö’
„Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ QÍºãπ@Ô~·ƒ<£#∞ xÅÉˇ@∞ì‰Ωõ Ok. WO^Œ∞Ö’ 70 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ LO_»@O x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«#∞#fl q+¨Ü∂« xfl QÆ∞~°∞Î KÕã∂¨ Î '=iHõ
`« = ∞ Ü« ¸ x\ò `« Ü « ∂ ~° ∞ KÕ ã ≤ O ^Œ x Éè ˇ Ö ò qâı+Ö. 48 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞ ã¨Ç¨ 118 Ñ¨`«HÍÅ∞ =iHõ — (™êfiQÆ ` « O ) ¿Ñ~° ∞ `À 180 =∞Ok
(ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£) D_ô P~ü.Hõ$+¨‚<£ `≥eáê~°∞. 250 HõàÏHÍ~°∞Å`À ˆH~°à◊ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl
"≥∞QÍ"å@¡ q^Œ∞º^Œ∞`«ÊuÎ ™ê=∞~°÷ºO Hõey# D ÔQÅ∞Û‰õΩ#fl =∞}˜Ñ¨Ó~ü =~°∞ã¨QÍ Ô~O_À™êi Ô~O_À
™ê÷#OÖ’ xezOk. 42 ã¨fi~å‚Å`À ("≥Ú`«OÎ 115 „Ñ¨ ^ Œ i ≈OzOk. Z~Ú~ü ë È, ÉÏ}Ïã¨ O Kå`À
QÍºãπ @Ô~·ƒ<£‰õΩ ~°∂.120 HÀ@∞¡ "≥zÛOz#@∞¡
`≥eáê~°∞. J"≥∞iHÍ‰õΩ K≥Ok# rD ãÖã¨÷ Ñ¨`H« ÍÅ∞) Ç¨Ï~åº<å =¸_À ™ê÷#O ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩOk. "Õ_∞» HõÅ∞ =Úyâß~Ú. iKåq∞„âß, g~ü ^è•=Öò
ã¨ÇÏ¨ HÍ~°O`À `«Ü∂« ~°∞KÕã#≤ nxx QÆ∞[~å`üÖ’x Pu^äºŒ [@∞ì *Ï~°Oö _£‰Ωõ S^À ™ê÷#O (33 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞) MÏ_ÕÅ‰õΩ L`«=Î ∞ J^ä\¡≥ ò J"å~°∞Å¤ ∞, „H©_Å» q*Ë`«
Ñ≤Ñ¨"å"£ J<Õ ãÖã¨÷ J~°¤~ü WzÛO^Œx `«fi~°Ö’<Õ ^ŒH¯õ QÍ, PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò 14= ™ê÷#O`À (5 ã¨fi~å‚Å∞) ã¨ s fiÃããπ [@∞ì ‰ õ Ω ~å[Éè í Ö Ë O „^Œ „\’Ñ¶ ‘ x
JO^Œ*Ü Ë ∞« #∞#fl@∞¡ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. ãïÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩOk. JO^Œ*Ëâß~°∞.
26 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

*ÏfÜ«∞ H„ _© Ö» ’¡ ã¨sfiÃããπ‰Ωõ J„Q™Æ ê÷#O <Õ~°∞QÍ ÃÑ¶·#Öò KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. =¸_»∞, <åÅ∞QÆ∞ >ˇO_»∂Å¯~ü ãïH˘`«Î iHÍ~ü¤ ã¨$+≤Oì Kå_»∞. _èbç Ö¡ ’x
34= *ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_Å» ∞ ~åOpÖ’ 2011 ™ê÷ < åÖ’¡ xez# [@∞¡ Ô ~ O_À ¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶ π Ñ¶~≤ À*ò ëê HÀ\Ï¡ "≥∞^ÿ •#OÖ’ <≥^~Œ å¡O_£û`À [iy#
Ñ¶ ≤ „ |=i 26# =Úyâß~Ú. "≥ Ú `« Î O 162 (Zeq∞<Õ@~ü) =∂ºKüÖ’ `«ÅÑ¨_`» å~Ú. WO^Œ∞Ö’ „QÆ∂Ñπ-a =∂ºKüÖ’ ~åº<£ >ˇ<£ ^èŒ¿+\ò "Õã≤#
Ñ¨`«HÍÅ`À ã¨sfiÃããπ J„QÆ™ê÷#OÖ’ xezOk. F_ç# [@∞ì WO\˜^•i Ñ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. QÔ ez# [@∞ì WxflOQ∑û 4= F=~ü z=i 3 |O`«∞efl =~°∞ã¨
Ô~O_À ™ê÷#OÖ’ =∞}˜Ñ¨Ó~ü (118 Ñ¨`«HÍÅ∞), `˘e ¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶π =∂ºKü (HÍfieÑ¶Ü ¨ ∞« ~ü-1) Ö’ F_ç# á¶È~°∞¡QÍ =∞ez# ã¨z<£ D J~°∞^≥·# iHÍ~°∞¤
=¸_À ™ê÷#OÖ’ Ç¨Ï~åº<å (115 Ñ¨`«HÍÅ∞) [@∞ì`À =¸_À ¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶π (HÍfieÑ¶¨Ü«∞~ü-2) ™êkèOKå_»∞. HÔ s~üÖ’ P~°= „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ π P_»∞`«∞#fl
LO_»QÍ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò 49 Ñ¨`«HÍÅ`À (S^Œ∞ =∂ºKüÖ’ `«ÅÑ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. WHõ¯_» QÔ ez# [@∞ì 37 Uà◊§ ã¨z<£ >ˇO_»∂Å¯~ü‰õΩ Wk 40=
ã¨fi~å‚Å∞) 14= ™ê÷#OÖ’ xezOk. _èçb¡H˜ `˘e ¿Ñ¡¶ PÑ¶π =∂ºKü (HÍfieÑ¶Ü
¨ ∞« ~ü-1) Ö’ QÔ Åz# =~°ÖòH¤ Ñõ .π =<Õ¤ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ π HÔ s~üÖ’ WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Ωõ
K≥Ok# iKå q∞„âß ã≤fiq∞‡OQ∑Ö’ J`«ºkèHOõ QÍ [@∞ì`À >ÿ̌\ Ö˜ ò áÈ~°∞Ö’ `«ÅÑ¨_∞» `«∞Ok. HÍQÍ ã¨z<£ 5 ÃãOK«sÅ∞, 13 J~°ú ÃãOK«sÅ∞ KÕâß_»∞.
16 Ñ¨`H« ÍÅ∞ ™êkèOzOk. WO^Œ∞Ö’ 11 ã¨fi~°‚ D=∂~°∞ Kå~°˚~üû [@∞ì `«# =∂ºKüÅ∞ ™⁄O`« HÍQÍ, P„¿ãìeÜ«∂ ÔHÃÑì<£ iH© áêO\ÕQ∑ (42
Ñ¨`«HÍÅ∞<åfl~Ú. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™ê÷#OÖ’ xez# #QÆ~°O ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’<Õ P_»#∞Ok. Ô~O_»∞ =∂ºKüÅÖ’ 1,577 Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å`À) ã¨z<£ `«~∞° "åu
ã¨sfiÃããπ‰õΩ ~å*Ï ÉèíÖËO„^Œ „\’Ñ¶‘ ÅaèOzOk. =∂ºKüÅ∞ =∂„`«O Hõ@H±Ö’ P_®eû LO@∞Ok. ™ê÷#OÖ’ H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞<åfl_»∞. D =∂ºKüÖ’ 27
Ãã~ÚÖò k QÆÖÊò Ö
ù ’ `å~å=∞u Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å∞ KÕã#≤ ã¨z<£ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ π ™È¯~°∞ 2009
=∞}˜ÑÓ¨ ~ü L`«=Î ∞ ~å„+ì̈ „\’Ñ¶‘ á⁄OkOk. 35= Ñ¨~°∞QÆ∞Å∞.
*ÏfÜ«∞ „H©_Å» ∞ 2012Ö’ Hˆ ~°àÖ◊ ’ [~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. ãÖK«Å#O Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K«HÑõ Ö
π ’ 50 |O`«∞Ö’¡
Hõ`å~üÖ’ [iy# 'Ãã~ÚÖò k QÆÖòÊù
Ñ¨`«HÍÅ Ñ¨\ì̃Hõ KåOÑ≤Ü«∞<£ +≤Ñπ—Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`« Ãã~ÚÅ~ü `å~å=∞u 100 Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å iHÍ~°∞¤
ã¨fi~°‚O ~°[`«O =∞u"å^Õ ã¨fi~°‚ Ñ¨`«HÍxfl ™êkèOz iHÍ~°∞¤ 50 |O`«∞Ö’¡ 100 Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å∞ KÕã≤ HÔ q<£
HÍOã¨ºO "≥Ú`«ÎO <≥ÅH˘eÊOk. ÉèÏ~°`ü`À áê@∞ Ü«ÚÔH, Hõ[H˜™ê÷<£, F„aÜ«∂<£ =~°Öò¤ HõÑπ iHÍ~ü¤ <≥ÅH˘ÖÏÊ~°∞.
ã¨sfiÃããπ 70 50 ÔH#_®, K≥H± iÑä¡H±, #∂ºlÖÏO_£, |Ç¨ÏÔ~·<£, ÉˇOQÆà◊¥~°∞Ö’ =∂iÛ 2# [iy# WOQÆ¡O_£,
42 162 áêH˜™êÎ<£, ~°ëêº, =∞ÖËã≤Ü«∂, ã‘fi_»<£, X=∂<£, S~å¡O_£ =∂ºKüÖ’ S~å¡O_£‰õΩ K≥Ok# ÔHq<£
=∞}˜Ñ¨Ó~ü 48 37 <åˆ~fi ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok# "Õ∞\˜ Ãã~ÚÅ~°∞¡ D F„aÜ«∂<£ 50 |O`«∞Ö’¡ 100 Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å∞ KÕâß_»∞.
33 118 áÈ\©Ö’¡ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. ~Ô QÆ\ÏìÖ’ >ˇ\ÿ Ö˜ ò ™êkèOK«_O» 2007Ö’ P„¿ãìeÜ«∂‰õΩ K≥Ok# ÃÇÏ_≥<£ 66
Ç¨Ï~åº<å 42 33 ^•fi~å q^ÕâßÖ’¡ D Ñ¶∞¨ #`«#∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ#fl`˘e |O`«∞Ö’¡ 100 Ñ¨~°∞QÆ∞Å∞ KÕã≤# iHÍ~°∞¤#∞
40 115 ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú~åeQÍ `å~å=∞u iHÍ~°∞¤ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍÖ’¡ F„aÜ«∂<£ JkèQqÆ ∞OKå_»∞.
=∞Ç¨~å„+¨ì 41 44 ™ê÷#O ãÖáêkOzOk. ~Ô O_»∞ Ç¨º„\H˜ Å
± `À ãïH˘`«Î
47 132 =~°Öò¤ HõÑπ `˘e =∂ºKüÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü iHÍ~°∞¤
*Ï~°öO_£ 33 26 q[Ü«∞O
37 96 Åã≤`ü =∞eOQÆ HÔ <åº ÉÏº\òû"≥∞<£ Ñ‘@~ü
„Ñ¨ÑÖK«HõÑπ `˘e =∂ºKüÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü XOQÀO_À, Ã+"£∞ ZOQÀp, Ze*Ï F\˜<ÀÅ#∞
SÑ≤ZÖò-4 Ã+_»∂ºÖò â◊√ÉèÏ~°OÉèOí KÕãO≤ k. 2007 „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ Öπ ’ [iy# MÏ`å B\ò `≥~=° hÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ =~°∞ã¨ |O`«∞Ö’¡
SÑ‘ZÖò-4 U„Ñ≤Öò 8 #∞Oz "Õ∞ 28 Ñ¨~åÉèí"åxH˜ ÉèÏ~°`ü |OQÍ¡^ÕâòÃÑ· „Ñ¨fHÍ~°O B\ò KÕÜ«∞_»O ^•fi~å D „Ñ¨ÑÖK«HõÑπÖ’ Ç¨º„\˜H±
=~°‰Ωõ H˘#™êQÆ#∞#fl@∞¡ cã‘ãS‘ „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ zOk. f~°∞Û‰õΩOk. Ô~O_»∞ ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èŒº „QÆ∂Ñπ-aÖ’ ™êkèOK«_»"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® „Ñ¨ÑÖK« HõÑπ K«i„`«Ö’
bQ∑ P~°OÉè,í ÃÑ#·¶ Öò =∂ºKüÅ∞ ~Ô O_çO\˜H© K≥<fl·≥ Ö’x [iy# `˘e=∂ºKüÖ’ |OQÍ¡^Õâò [@∞ìÃÑ· 87 ~Ô O_À Ç¨º„\˜H± ™êkèOz# UÔHH· õ É∫Å~üQÍ ãïH˘`«Î
z^ŒO|~°O ¿ã_ì Ü ç ∞« O Ju^äºŒ q∞=fi#∞Ok. `˘e Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å `Õ_®`À Ñ¶∞¨ # q[Ü«∂xfl ™êkèOzOk. iHÍ~°∞¤ ã¨$+≤ìOKå_»∞. WO`«‰õΩ=ÚO^Œ∞ 2007
=∂ºKüÖ’ K≥<fl·≥ , HÀÖòH`õ å`À `«ÅÑ¨_#» ∞Ok. D `˘Å∞`« ÉÏº\ÕQ∑‰Ωõ ky# \©O WO_çÜ∂« FÃÑ#~ü „Ñ¨ÑÖK«HõÑπÖ’ ^ŒHΔ̃}Ï„Ñ¶≤HÍÃÑ· Ç¨º„\˜H± ™êkèOz#
\’sflÖ’ bQ∑ ^Œâ◊ =ÚyÜ«∞QÍ<Õ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶π gˆ~O„^Œ ÃãÇ¨fiQ∑ (175), `˘e =~°Öò¤ HõÑπ =∂ºKü =∞eOQÆ‰Ωõ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ π \’~°fl"≥∞O@¡Ö’ Wk ~Ô O_»=
=∂ºKüÅ∞ LO\ÏÜ«∞x cã‘ãS‘ `≥eÑ≤Ok. ÃÑ#·¶ Ö’ P_»∞`«∞#fl q~å\ò HÀÇ≤Ï¡ (100 <Ò\∫\ò)Å∞ Ç¨º„\˜H±.
KÕi# [@¡`Àáê@∞ =¸_À ¿Ñ¡-PÑ¶π =∂ºKüÖ’ ÃãOK«sÅ`À K≥Å~ˆ QÆ_O» `À xs‚`« 50 F=~°Ö¡ ’ PÖò WOQÆO¡ _£ KåOÑπ "åOQ∑
F_ç# [@∞ì#∞ KåOÑ≤Ü∞« <£û bQ∑‰Ωõ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕ™êÎ~∞° . Hˆ =ÅO <åÅ∞QÆ∞ qÔH@∞¡ HÀÖ’Ê~Ú 370 Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å
WHõ D \’sfl`À J~°OQˆ „@O KÕÜ∞« #∞#fl H˘zÛ ÉèÏs ™È¯~°∞ ™êkèOzOk. J#O^Œ`~« O° ÉÏº\ÕQ∑ „Ñüëêì`«‡Hõ PÖò WOQÆ¡O_£ ÉÏº_ç‡O@<£
„á¶êOK≥·r ¿Ñ~°∞#∞ WO_çÜ«∂ Hõ=∂O_ÀãπQÍ ky# |OQÍ¡ [@∞ì xs‚`« 50 F=~°Ö¡ ’ 9 qÔH@¡#∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ã≤OyÖòû >ˇÿ\ ˜Öò#∞ K≥·<å‰õΩ K≥Ok#
x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. HÀÖ’Ê~Ú 283 Ñ¨~∞° QÆ∞Å∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ KÕã≤ Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O \ÏÑπã‘_£ +≤lÜ«∂<£ "åOQ∑ ÔQÅ∞K«∞‰õΩOk. QÆ`«
Ããg∞ãπ HÍ^Œ∞ ¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶π =∂ºKüÅ∞ : SÑ‘ZÖò <åÅ∞QÀ áêÖˇO· k. Ñ¨^Õà◊¡Ö’ K≥·<å‰õΩ D >ÿ̌\ ˜Öò ^ŒHõ¯_»O U_À ™êi.
JOK≥ \’sflÖ’ Ããg∞ÃÑ¶·#Öò =∂ºKüÅ ™ê÷#OÖ’ ÃÑ#·¶ Ö’¡ "åOQ∑ 24-22, 21-18`À ZiHÀ Ç≤Ï~Àãπ
Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K«HÑõ Ö
π ’ =∂ãì̈~ü =∞~À ([áê<£)#∞ F_çOzOk. `«=∞ ^Õâ◊O #∞Oz
¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶π á¶ê~å‡\ò#∞ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ÃÑ@ì#∞<åfl~°∞. nx
„Ñ¨HÍ~°O bQ∑ ^Œâ◊Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ Ô~O_»∞ ™ê÷<åÖ’¡ iHÍ~ü¤ `˘e™êiQÍ ÃÑ¶·#Å£‰õΩ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ#fl „H©_®HÍi}˜QÍ
iHÍ~°∞¤ ™êkèOz# ZiHÀ „Ñ¨`º« i÷H˜ QÆ\ ì̃ áÈ\©<Õ
xez# [@∞¡ `˘e ¿Ñ¡ PÑ¶π =∂ºKü (HÍfieÑ¶Ü ¨ ∞« ~ü- „Ñ¨ÑÖK«HõÑπ K«i„`«Ö’ 2 "ÕÅ Ñ¨~°∞QÆ∞Å
WzÛOk. Ô~O_À ˆQ"£∞Ö’ Z ^Œâ◊Ö’ 8-6`À
1) Ö’ `«ÅÑ¨_`» å~Ú. D =∂ºKüÖ’ QÔ ez# [@∞ì "≥∞Åÿ ∞~å~Úx ^•\˜ UÔHH· õ ÉÏº\òû=∞<£QÍ ã¨z<£ JkèHõºOÖ’H˜ "≥o¡Ok. J~Ú`Õ =~°∞ã¨QÍ S^Œ∞
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 27

áê~ÚO@¡`À uiy "åOQ∑ ÃÑK· ~Õ Ú ™êkèOzOk. ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’x qq^èŒ #QÆ~åÖ’¡ Ô ~ O_» ∞ ~ÀAÅ áê@∞ [iˆ Q ã¨ ^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û‰õ Ω
`«# J#∞Éè"í å#flO`å LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz z=~°‰Ωõ 21- Ñ¨~åº=~°} Ñï~°HõΔ} HÀãÖ J<ÕHõ K«~°ºÅ∞ Ñ¨tÛ=∂ã≤Ü«∂,PˆQflÜ«∂ã≤Ü«∂‰õΩ K≥Ok# 40
18 ã¨fiÅÊ `Õ_®`À <≥yæ "åOQ∑ TÑ≤i Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩOk. fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°x ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ J`«ºO`« „Ñ¨=ÚY ãÖã¨Å÷ Ü«∞[=∂#∞Å∞ Ç¨[~°Ü∂« º~°∞.
Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨μÅ ã≤OyÖòû >ˇÿ\ ˜Öò#∞ b KÀOQÀ g "ÕQÆOQÍ Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl Pi÷Hõ =º=Ñ¨÷ PÜ«∂ ^ÕâßÖ’¡, ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅÃÑ·
(=∞ÖËãÜ≤ ∂« ) ™⁄O`«O KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. ÃÑ#·¶ Ö’¡ 21- =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, „w<£ ZHÍ#g∞H˜ ‰õÄ_® "å~°∞ K«iÛ™êÎ~°∞. x~å‡}O, Pu^äŒºO, "≥·^ŒºO
17, 21-17`À e<£ _®<£ (K≥·<å) ÃÑ· <≥QÍæ_»∞. â◊ ~ ° " Õ Q Æ O QÍ =∂~° ∞ Ê K≥ O ^Œ ∞ `ÀO^Œ O @∂ `«k`«~°~°OQÍÖ’¡ WHõ¯_» JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ L#fl
Ãã<· å MÏ`åÖ’ ã≤fiãπ FÃÑ<£ >ˇ\
ÿ Ö˜ ò „Ñ¨âO◊ ã≤OzOk. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ D U_®k „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ã¨∞tHΔ̃`« =∂#= =#~°∞Å QÆ∞iOz Hˆ O„^Œ, 15
Ñ¨~åº=~°} L`«û"åÅ‰õΩ ÉèÏ~°`#ü ∞ "ÕkHõQÍ ZOÑ≤Hõ ~å„ëêìÅ „Ñüx^è∞Œ Å#∞ J_çy `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞.
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏn ÉÏº_ç‡O@<£ ™êì~ü Ãã·<å KÕã≤#@∞ì q=iOzOk. D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ r= ã¨ ^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û#∞ „Ñ¨ " åã¨ Éè Ï ~° f Ü« ∞ =º=Ç¨  ~åÅ
<≥Ç¨fiÖò ã≤fiãπ FÃÑ<£ „QÍO_£ „Ñ‘ QÀÖò¤ „\’Ñ¶‘x "≥·q^èŒºOÃÑ· 11= ã¨^Œã¨∞û#∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™êÎ~°∞. nO`À =∞O„u`«fi âßY q^Õj =∂#= =#~°∞Å HÍ~˘Êˆ~+¨<£
HÔ =· ãÖ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩOk. D U_®k Ãã<· åH˜k `˘e „Ñ¨ÑÖK« "åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ r= "≥·q^èŒºOÃÑ· L`«û"åÅ∞ eq∞>ˇ_£ (FZOã‘UÑ‘), PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO`À
>ˇÿ\ ˜Öò HÍ=_»O qâı+Ö. „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O „Ñ¨ÑÖK« „áê~°OÉèí=∞=Ù`å~Ú. Hõeã≤ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«#∞Ok. ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ J=∞Å∞=Ù`«∞#fl
~åºOHÕQ∑ûÖ’ <åÅ∞QÆ= ™ê÷#OÖ’ L#fl Ãã·<å qq^èŒ =$uÎ <≥Ñ· Ù¨ }º HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞, Ñ¨^HŒä ÍÅ#∞
ÃÑ#·¶ Öò =∂ºKüÖ’ ^ŒH} Δ̃ H˘iÜ«∂‰õΩ K≥Ok# r S\˜ ~°OQÆOÑÃ · JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û
QÆÖòÊù ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° =∞O_»e (rã‘ã‘), W`«~° ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ
Ç¨˙º<£ ãÖQ∑ÃÑ· 21-13, 21-14 `Õ_®`À =~°∞ã¨ =∂iÛ 1,2 `Õ n Ö’¡ PO„^è Œ „ Ñ¨ ^ Õ â ò q=iOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û#∞ "ÕkHõQÍ KÕã∞¨ HÀ"åÅx
Ãã@¡Ö’ q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOzOk. Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ UHõÑH¨ OΔõ QÍ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ "≥∞QÍ ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û#∞ ˆHO„^ŒO ÉèÏq™ÈÎOk. ÉèÏ~°`ü #∞Oz ã¨„Hõ=∞
™êy# D =∂ºKü ˆH=ÅO 43 xq∞ëêÖ’¡<Õ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™ÈÎOk. D ã¨^Œã¨∞û‰õΩ qq^èŒ |Ç¨ïà◊*Ïu =Åã¨Å#∞ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_O» J„Hõ=∞Å =Åã¨Å#∞
=Úyã≤Ok. `˘e Qˆ =ÚÖ’ „Ñ¨`º« i÷ #∞Oz Ãã<· å‰õΩ HõOÃÑhÅ Jkè<Õ`«Å∞ S\˜, ™êÑ¶πì"Õ~ü ~°OQÆ J_»∞¤HÀ=_»OÃÑ· ‰õÄ_® ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ H©ÅHõOQÍ
„Ñ¨ u Ñ¶ ¨ ∞ @# Z^Œ ∞ Ô ~ · < å Jk Z‰õ Ω ¯= ¿ãÑ¨ Ù xÑ¨Ù}∞Å∞ áêÖÁæO@∞<åfl~°∞. S\˜ ~°OQÆOÖ’ "≥~Úº K«iÛOK«#∞<åfl~°∞. U\Ï „Ñ¨"åã¨ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ k=ãπ#∞
H˘#™êQÆÖË^Œ∞. rÇ¨˙º<£ Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O áêÖˇ·Ok. =∞Ok „Ñ¨ u x^è Œ ∞ Å∞ áêÖÁæ O @∞<åfl~° ∞ . S\˜ x~° fi Ç≤ Ï ã¨ ∞ Î # fl@∞¡ Q Í<Õ q^Õ j Ü« ∂ [=∂<åºÅ
|i‡OQ∑ Ç¨Ï"£∞Ö’ [iy# „Ñüëêì`«‡Hõ JÖò ~°OQÆOÖ’ 2015 <å\˜H˜ 17 âß`«O =$kú̂~@∞ ã¨ ^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ Ü « ∂ Åx ˆ H O„^Œ O
WOQÍ¡O_£ KåOÑ≤Ü«∞<£+≤Ñπ \’sflÖ’ HÍfi~°ì~ü LO@∞O^Œx, P ãÖ=`«û~°O <å\˜H˜ ~å„+Öì #∞Oz Ü≥∂z™ÈÎOk.
ÃÑ#·¶ ÖòûÖ’ Ãã<· å‰õΩ Z^Œ∞~Ô #· F@q∞x D q[Ü«∞O ~°∂. 70 "ÕÅ HÀ@∞¡ JO>Ë 15 aeÜ«∞<£ ÉÏÅ~°¡ ^Õ â ◊ O Ö’ `˘e™êiQÍ [~° ∞ QÆ ∞ `« ∞ #fl
=∞iÛáÈÜÕ∞ÖÏ KÕãO≤ ^Œx K≥ÑÊ¨ =K«∞Û. QÆ`« U_®k q~° Å ∞= KÕ ¿ ã S\˜ L`« Ê `« ∞ Î Å #∞ ZQÆ ∞ =∞u ã¨^Œã¨∞û „Ñ¨^è•#OQÍ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ JOâßÅÃÑ· ^Œ$+≤ì
=¸_»∞ ã¨∂Ñ¨~ü ã≤sãπ >ˇÿ\ ˜à◊¡#∞ Ãã·<å ÔH·=ãÖ KÕÜ«∂Åx H˘`«Î q^è•#OÖ’ xˆ~ÌtOKå~°∞. Hˆ O„nHõiOK«#∞Ok. Jq.
KÕ ã ¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok. g\ ˜ Ö ’ ã≤ O QÆ Ñ ¨ Ó ~ü FÃÑ<£ , =KÕ Û S^Õ à ◊ ¡ Ö ’ 125,000 „Ñ¨ ` « º Hõ Δ 1. L^ÀºQÍÅ HÀãÖ q^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ =Åã¨ "≥à¡ı
WO_À<Õ+≤Ü«∞<£ FÃÑ<£, Ç¨OHÍOQ∑ FÃÑ<£ >ÿ̌\ ˜à◊√¡ L^ÀºQÍÅ∞, S^Œ∞ ÅHõÅΔ Ñ¨~ÀHõΔ L^ÀºQÍÅ#∞ S\˜ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# q^è•#Ñ¨~°
L<åfl~Ú. ~°OQÆOÖ’ HõeÊOKåÅx „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ÅHõΔ ºOQÍ JOâßÅ∞.
=∞eOQÆ Ç¨º„\˜H± ÃÑ@∞ì‰Ωõ Ok. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î O« ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ L`«Ê`«=Î Ù`«∞#fl S\˜
ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Ö’¡ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò "å\Ï 15 âß`«O. 2. "≥ ∞ ~° ∞ Ô Q · # L^ÀºQÍÅ∞ á⁄O^Œ _ ®xH˜
NÅOHõ É∫Å~ü =∞eOQÆ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«HÑõ Öπ ’ 2009-10 ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ iHÍ~°∞¤ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ ~°∂. J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# <≥·Ñ¨Ù}ÏºÅ ÃÑOÑ¨Ù.
Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ Ç¨º„\˜H± fÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® 33,482 HÀ@¡ S\˜ L`«Ê`«∞ÅÎ ∞ ~å„+ì̈O #∞Oz 3. q^Õj ãÖã¨Å÷ Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ∞, ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞
2007Ö’ ^ŒHΔ̃}Ï„Ñ¶≤HÍÃÑ· 4 =~°∞ã¨ |O`«∞Ö’¡ 4 ZQÆ ∞ =∞`« Ü « ∂ º~Ú. „Ñ¨ ã ¨ ∞ Î ` « O ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£ HÍi‡‰õ Ω Å‰õ Ω =∞^è Œ º ã¨ O |O^è • Å
qÔH@∞¡ fÜ«∞_»O qâı+O¨ . WÑ¨Ê\˜=~°‰Ωõ D Ñ¶∞¨ #`« Ñïã¨~åÅ`À áê@∞ QÆ∞O@∂~°∞, qâßYÑ¨@flO, "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ.
2003, 2011ÅÖ’ ~Ô O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ #"≥∂^Œ∞HÍQÍ ~å[=∞O„u, =~°OQÆÖò, u~°∞Ñü `«k`«~° #QÆ~åÅ∞ 4. q^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ =Åã¨ "≥àı¡ HÍi‡‰õΩÅ‰õΩ JHõ¯_ç
=¸_»∞™ê~°∞¡ D Ñ¶∞¨ #`« ™êkèOz# UÔHH· õ ^ÕâO◊ QÍ Ñïã¨~åÖ’¡x WO[hiOQ∑ HÍÖËrÖ’¡ i„‰õÄ\ò"∞≥ O\ò Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ∞ Láêkè HõeÊOK«_®xfl
NÅOHõ ("åãπ , =∞eOQÆ ) =∞~À iHÍ~° ∞ ¤ ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`ÀO^Œx, S\˜ ~°OQÍxH˜ =∞Oz „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«_»O.
ã¨$+≤ìOzOk. ~ÀAÅ∞ =KåÛÜ«∞x S\˜ âßY =∞O„u á⁄<åflÅ
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 ÅHõΔ ºÜ«∞º PO„^èŒ Éè∂í q∞H˜ K≥áêÊ~°∞. =~°=Î ∂# Pi÷Hõ
áêiãπÖ’ l-20 ^ÕâßÅ Pi÷Hõ
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
ã¨Hõ^qŒã∞\©¨∞ûÅ∞-ã¨
Å∞ - Hõ=q∂"Õ
∞+¨â<ßÅ∞
Å
£ ∞
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ ~°∂.36 "ÕÅ HÀ@¡ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ S\˜ =∞O„`∞« Å ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û
L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ∞ ZQÆ∞=∞u J=Ù`åÜ«∞#fl JOK«<åÅ∞ l-20 ^Õ â ßÅ Pi÷ H õ =∞O„`« ∞ Å∞,
2011 Ñ„ Ñ¨ O¨ K« Ñ¨~åº=~°} x[=∞=Ù`«∞<åflÜ«∞<åfl~°∞. ÃãO„@Öò ÉÏºOH± QÆ=~°fl~°¡ Ô~O_»∞ ~ÀAÅ ã¨^Œã¨∞û
L`«û"åÅ‰õΩ ÉèÏ~°`ü Pu^äºŒ O ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’ q^Õj áêiãπÖ’ Ñ¶„≤ |=i 20# =Úyã≤Ok. D ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ ûÖ’
qq^èŒ ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èºŒ Ñ¨#∞fl ã¨=∂Kå~° =∂iÊ_çH˜
ÉèÏ~°`ü "≥Ú@ì"≥Ú^Œ\ ˜™êiQÍ 2011 Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û ãÖ|OkèOz# 500 XÑ¨ÊO^•Å∞ ‰õΩk~å~Ú.
„Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« Ñ¨ ~ åº=~° } L`« û "åÅ‰õ Ω q^Õ â ßÖ’¡ Éè Ï ~° f Ü« Ú Å‰õ Ω Láêkè Éè Ï ~° ` ü qq^è Œ ^Õ â ßÅ`À 13 XÑ¨ Ê O^•Å∞
Pu^äºŒ q∞=fiÉ’`«∞#flk. D U_®k E<£ 5# J=HÍâßÅ "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞, HÍi‡‰õΩÅ Éè„í ^Œ`#« ∞Ñ¨\ +˜ Oì̈ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ#fl@∞ì ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ ûÖ’ áêÖÁæ#fl Pi÷Hõ =∞O„u
D L`«û"åÅ "ÕkHõQÍ =ÚO|~Ú, #∂º_èçb¡ KÕ¿ã kâ◊QÍ ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO J_»∞QÆ∞Å∞ "Õ™ÈÎOk. „Ñ¨}Éò =ÚYs˚ `≥eáê~°∞. Ñ¨#∞fl ZQÆ"`Õ ,« #Å¡^#Œè O
#QÆ~åÅ#∞ ZOÑ≤Hõ KÕã≤#@∞ì SHõº~å[º ã¨q∞u qq^Œ q^Õj ãÖã¨Å÷ Ü«∂[=∂<åºÅ`À F ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û `«~°eOÑ¨Ù#∞ J_»∞¤HÀ=_®xH˜ D XÑ¨ÊO^•Å∞
XHõ „Ñ¨ H õ @ #Ö’ `≥ e Ü« ∞ *Ë ã ≤ O k. QÆ ` « 40 x~°fiÇ¨Ï}‰õΩ U~åÊ@∞¡ Ñ¨ÓiÎKãÕ O≤ k. ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’ `À_»Ê_»`å~Ú. qq^èŒ L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ ^èŒ~°Ö’¡ <≥ÅH˘#fl
28 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

f„= Jã≤~÷ `° ,« ^•x Ñï}Ï=∂ÅÃÑ· K«iÛOz#@∞ì Jã¨Éºíè „Ñ¨=~°#Î ÖÏO\˜ <Õ~åÅ qKå~°}‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ a
„ @<£ Ñ„ É
¨ ∞íè `«fi <åºÜ«∞"å^Œ∞Å∞QÍ
ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û `«~åfi`« q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã#≤ _çH~ˆ¡õ +¨<£ ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. HÀ~°∞ì U~åÊ@∞ D aÅ∞¡ L^ÕâÌ O◊ .
=º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ n~°…HÍÅ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ Ããc Kè≥·~°‡<£QÍ ã≤<å› ÉÏ^èŒº`«Å #Å∞QÆ∞~°∞ Z<åflÔ~Å · ∞
ÃÑ\ÏìÅx ã¨^Œã¨∞ûÖ’ Ñ¨Ù#~°∞^•…\ ÕKå~°∞. „Ñ¨ÑÖK« J`«ºO`« „Ñüëêª`«‡HõOQÍ ÑïQÆ}ÕKÕ
Pi÷Hõ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ ãïk^ÕOÌ ^Œ∞‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® Pi÷Hõ ã‘fiHõ~°} H©fi<£û H“xûÖò (‰õΩºã‘) Ç¨ÏŸ^•#∞ #Å∞QÆ∞~°∞
=∞O„`«∞Å∞ XÑ¨ÊO^•xH˜ =KåÛ~°∞. K« O „^Œ â ı Y ~ü Éè Ï ã¨ ¯ ~ü Éè Ï "Õ #∞Oz ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ãÖ`«uH˜ K≥Ok# <åºÜ«∞"å^Œ∞Å∞
ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£Ö’ 2011 |Ü≥∂- Ãã‰õÄºi\©ãπ JO_£ ZˆHû ÛùOr É’~°∞¤ PÑ¶π WO_çÜ∂«
(Ããc) Kè≥·~°‡<£ ÉÏ^èŒº`«Å#∞ L¿ÑO„^Œ ‰õΩ=∂~ü ã≤<å› ™êkèOK«QÆeQÍ~°∞. ‰õΩºã‘Å∞„a@<£ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
U+≤Ü∂« ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û ã‘fiHõiOKå~°∞. Ããc ã¨`åÎ Uq∞\’ K«∂Ñ≤Oz `«~°Ñ¨Ù# qq^èŒ ˆHã¨∞Å#∞ "åk™êÎ~°∞. ZOÑ≤ÔH·#
=¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅ |Ü≥∂-U+≤Ü∂« 2011 ™ê=∂#º =∞^Œ∞Ñ¨~°¡ P^Œ~°} á⁄Ok# ÉèÏ"Õ#∞ „Ñ¨"åã¨ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÖ’¡ HõÖÏº}˜H“Öò, Ñ¨Ó#O
ã¨ ^ Œ ã ¨ ∞ û ÃÇ· Ï ^Œ ~ åÉÏ^£ Ö ’ Ñ¶ ≤ „ |=i 22# =∞iÑ≤ O z Ããc „Ñ¨ u +¨ ª # ∞ =∞iO`« L#fl`« J~°˚<£^•ãπ "≥∞ÖÏfih, ~år"£ g∞#<£, ~ÀÇ¨Ï<£
„áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò ÉèÏs Ñï„â◊=∞Å tY~åÅ#∞ fã¨∞HÔ àı¡ ÉÏ^èºŒ `« ã≤<å› Éè∞í [ã¨¯O^•ÅÃÑ· PO^äÀh ÃÑ~å¬^£Å∞ L<åfl~°∞.
âßMÏ =∞O„u w`åÔ~_ç¤ ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û#∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. LOk. ÃãcH˜ ã≤<å› Zxq∞^À Kè≥·~°‡<£. Ããc Kè≥·~°‡<£,
ZOÑ≤Hõ HÍ=_®xH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ PÜ«∞# Ü«¸\©S J"≥∞iHÍ J`«∞º#fl`« L^ÀºQÆ∞Å
2015 <å\˜H˜ ^Õâ◊ |Ü≥∂>ˇHÍflÅr Ñï„â◊=∞
~°∂.45,000 HÀ@¡‰Ωõ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩO@∞O^Œx =∞O„u =¸ºK«∞=Öò Ñ¶Ö_£ Kè≥·~°‡<£, "Õ∞<ÕlOQ∑ _≥·Ô~Hõì~üQÍ *Ïa`åÖ’ q[Ü«∞"å_» "åã≤
`≥eáê~°∞. U+≤Ü«∂ |Ü≥∂>ˇH± J™Èã≤ÜÕ∞+¨<£û, L<åfl~°∞. JO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ Pi÷Hõ =∞O„u`«fi
âßYÖ’ ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎ HÍ~°º^Œi≈QÍ Ñ¨x KÕâß~°∞. cÇ¨~ü J"≥ ∞ iHÍ „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `åfixH˜ Y~° ∞ Û
á¶ê~å‡ã¨∂º\˜HÖõ òû ZH±ûáÈ~üì „Ñ¨"∂≥ +¨<£ H“xûÖò PÑ¶π xÜ«∞O„`«}‰õΩ q#∂`«fl =∂~åæÅ#∞ HõxÃÑ\˜ì#
WO_çÜ∂« , Ü«¸x=iû\© PÑ¶π ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^£ D QÍº_»~‰ü Ωõ K≥Ok# 1976 ÉÏºKü SUZãπ JkèHÍi
J~Ú# ã≤<å›‰õΩ ÃÑ¶·<åx¬Ü«∞Öò ~°OQÆOÖ’x QÆ`« J`«∞º#fl`« 25 =∞Ok L^ÀºQÆ∞Ö’¡ XHõ~°∞QÍ
ã¨^Œã¨∞û x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKå~Ú. J#∞Éè í = O Ããcx x~° fi Ç≤ Ï OK« _ » O Ö’ ÉÏQÍ q[Ü« ∞ "å_» "åã≤ ™ê~Ú‰õ Ω =∂~ü ~åK« ∂ i
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 ZOÑ≤HõÜ«∂º~°∞. gix QÆ=~°fl"≥∞O\ò >ˇHÍflÅr
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 LÑ¨Ü≥∂QÆÑ¨_»∞`«∞O^Œx xÑ¨Ù}∞Å∞ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞.
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 "Õ∞QÆr<£ U\Ï '_»∂Ü«∞~üû, „_ô=∞~üû, ¢_≥·=~üû -
xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅ∞
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
H˘`«Î >ËHÀ=~ü x|O^è#Œ Å‰õΩ `«∞k "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞ezÛ
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ~å=_»O, [ÖÏ<£ áêº<≥Öò 2011— ¿Ñ~°∞`À „Ñ¨=ÚYOQÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ˜ã¨∞ÎOk.
ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞Å‰õΩ XHõ ~°∂Ñ¨Ù W=fi_»O "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·#q J"≥∞iHÍÖ’x 'FÇ≤ÏÜ≥∂ PÑ¶ã‘ π PÑ¶π |_≥\˚ ò JO_£
*ËÑ‘ã‘ J^èŒº‰õΔΩ_çQÍ KåHÀ "Õ ∞ <Õ * ò " ≥ ∞ O\ò — „Ñ¨ ^ è • # ã¨ = ∂Kå~åkè H ÍiQÍ
ã≤<å› =ÚO^Œ∞#fl „Ñ¨^•è # JOâßÅ∞.
2r ‰õΩOÉèHí À}O ^Œ~åºÑ¨Ù#Î ‰õΩ U~åÊ@∞ Ñ¨xKÕã∞¨ #Î fl ™ê~Ú‰õΩ=∂~ü D *Ïa`åÖ’ ™ê÷#O
KÕã≤# ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎ áê~°¡"≥∞O@s ãÖÑ¶¨∂x (*ËÑ‘ã‘)H˜ S"Àã‘ K≥~· ‡° <£QÍ ~°}c
ü ~ü ã≤OQ∑ ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩ#fl UÔHH· õ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú_»∞ HÍ=_»O qâı+O¨ .
J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _ç Q Í Ñ≤ . ã≤ . KåHÀ (65) S"Àã‘ K≥·~°‡<£QÍ ~°}üc~ü ã≤OQ∑ |∞`ÀÖÏ `˘e ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ÉËãπ
xÜ«∞q∞`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞. ˆH~°à◊Ö’x „uã¨∂~ü Ö’H±ã¨Éèí xÜ«∂=∞HÍxH˜ K«=Ú~°∞ âßY =∞O„u Zãπ *ˇá· êÖò
xÜ≥∂[Hõ=~åæxH˜ KåHÀ „áêux^èºŒ O =Ç≤Ïã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞. Ô~_ç¤ P"≥∂^Œ=Ú„^Œ "Õâß~°∞. xÜ«∂=∞HÍÅÃÑ· [OÑ¨~ü J~°Û<å ã¨~åÌ<å
30 =∞Ok ã¨ É è í ∞ ºÅ∞#fl D L#fl`« ™ê÷ ~ Ú HÍºa<≥ \ ò Hõ q ∞\ © P"≥ ∂ ^Œ O HÀã¨ O D ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ UÔH·Hõ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ÉËãπ [OÑ¨~ü
ãÖÑ¶¨∂xH˜ KåHÀ#∞ ã‘ÊHõ~ü g∞~å ‰õΩ=∂~ü „Ñüáê^Œ##∞ ÑÖáê~°∞. ~°}üc~üã≤OQ∑ (56) J~°Û<å ã¨~åÌ<å ã¨∂¯ÉÏ _≥·qOQ∑Ö’ ãïH˘`«Î
J^è Œ º ‰õ Δ Ω _ç Q Í xÜ« ∞ q∞OKå~° x áê~° ¡ " ≥ ∞ O@s „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O FZ<£rã‘ q^ÕâòH˜ ZO_ôQÍ L<åfl~°∞. K«i„`«#∞ ã¨$+≤Oì Kå~°∞. JO_»=∂<£ xHÀÉÏ~üÖ’x
=º=Ç¨~åÅ =∞O„u Ñ¨=<£ ‰õΩ=∂~ü |#ûÖò ~°ëêºH˜ K≥Ok# WOÑ‘iÜ«∞Öò Z#s˚ H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ hÖò nfiÑÖ =^ŒÌ ã¨∂¯ÉÏ Éˇq· OQ∑ KÕã#≤ J~°Û<å
`≥eáê~°∞. 1988 #∞Oz 2009 =~°‰Ωõ >ˇeHõO ^•fi~å HõOÃÑhH˜ JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ PÜ«∞# ã¨ ~ åÌ < å ã¨ = Ú„^Œ O Ö’ 30 g∞@~° ¡ Ö’`« ∞ Ö’
J#∞=∞`«∞Å∞, ÃãÊ¢H"ìõ ∞£ Hˆ \Ï~ÚOÑ¨ÙÖ’¡ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨Ù `≥KåÛ~°∞.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 =Ú=fi<≥flÅ Ñ¨`«HÍxfl Ô~Ñ¨Ô~Ñ¨ÖÏ_çOz ãïH˘`«Î
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
x~° ‚ Ü « ∂ Å#∞ J=∞Å∞ KÕ Ü « ∞ _» O Ö’ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 iHÍ~°∞¤#∞ ã¨$+≤ìOKå~°∞. FÃÑ<£ "å@~ü _≥·qOQ∑
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
"å~°ÎÖ’¡ =º‰õΩÎÅ∞
J=Hõ`«=HõÖË"≥∞ÿ<å [iQÍÜÕ∞"≥∂ D ãÖÑ¶¨∞O 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 HÀ~°∞û‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz Ñ≤Z_çS „á⁄ÃÑ¶+¨#Öò
Ñïjeã¨∞OÎ k. >ˇeHõO J#∞=∞`«∞Å∞, JO^Œ∞‰õΩ J™Èã≤Ü∞Õ +¨<£ PÑ¶π _≥q· OQ∑ W<£„ãì̈H~ìõ ü ãïÑì HÔ≤¶ \ò#∞
=ã¨ ∂ Å∞ KÕ Ü « ∂ eû# ~° ∞ ã¨ ∞ OÃÑ· ã≤ á ¶ ê ~° ∞ ûÅ∞ SUZÑ¶π HÍ~°∞ ~åºbÖ’ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ™êkèOz `«# H©iHÎ s˜ @OÖ’ =∞~À HõeH˜`∞« ~å~Úx
KÕã¨∞ÎOk. =~å¬HÍÅ ã¨=∂"ÕâßÖ’¡Ñ¨Ù Hõq∞\© `«# JkèHÍiH˜ KÀ@∞ J=∞~åÛ~°∞. 37 Uà◊¡ J~°Û<å ã¨~åÌ<å "≥Ú^Œ@
x"ÕkHõ#∞ JO^Œ*Ü Ë ∂« eû LO@∞Ok. Ñ¨~°fi`å~ÀÇ¨Ï‰õΩ~åeQÍ J#O`«~°O ã¨∂¯_≥·=~üQÍ
ÉèÏ~°`« "å=Ú ¿ã= (SUZÑ¶)π x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ
Ñ≤Å¡Å ~°HõΔ} aÅ∞¡‰õΩ ˆHa<≥\ò "åi¬Hõ HÍ~°∞ ~åºb |$O^ŒOÖ’ `˘e™êiQÍ X
™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ∞ KÕã≤ „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O ã¨∂¯ÉÏ _≥·qOQ∑Ö’
P"≥∂^ŒO =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ JkèHÍiH˜ KÀ@∞ HõeÊOzOk. 2007Ö’ ãïH˘`«Î K«i„`« ã¨$+ì̈OKå~°∞.
Ñ≤ Å ¡ Å ÃÑ· Öˇ · O yHõ <Õ ~ åÅ#∞ SUZÑ¶Öπ ’ KÕi# ™ê¯ fi„_»<£ b_»~ü *’ºu Ü≥∞~ÀÅ¯~ü „Ñ¨ÑÖK« ã¨∂ÊùiÎ ^•Ü«∞Hõ
J_»∞‰¤ Ωõ <ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ L^ÕtÌ Oz# aÅ∞¡#∞ Hˆ O„^Œ Hˆ a<≥\ò "≥^· ∞Œ º~åÅ∞. JÇ¨Ï‡^•ÉÏ^£Ö’ „áê~°OÉè=í ∞ÜÕ∞º S^Œ∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å *Ïa`åÖ’ S^Œ∞QÆ∞~°∞
=∂iÛ 3# P"≥∂kOzOk. Ñ≤Å¡ÅÃÑ· Öˇ·OyHõ ~ÀAÅ ~åºb ~å[™ê÷ < £ g∞^Œ ∞ QÍ _è ç b ¡ H ˜
<Õ~åÅ‰õΩ áêÅÊ_ç`Õ S^Õà◊¡ Hõhã¨ *ˇ·Å∞tHõΔ, KÕ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. 156 |$O^•Å∞ WO^Œ∞Ö’ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ∞
~°∂.50,000 [i=∂<å LO@∞Ok. Ñ≤Å¡ÅÃÑ· áêÖÁæO@∞<åfl~Ú. =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ JkèHÍiH˜ KÀ@∞ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ 100 =∞Ok ã¨∂Êùi^Î •Ü«∞Hõ
Öˇ·OyHõ ^•_»∞Å∞, "ÕkèOÑ¨ÙÅ∞, Jj¡Å ™êÇ≤Ï`«º, ^ŒHõ¯_»O W^Õ „Ñ¨^äŒ=∞O. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å *Ïa`åÖ’ S^Œ∞QÆ∞~°∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«ÚÅ‰õΩ
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 29

KÀ@∞ ^ŒH˜¯Ok. =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ k<À`«û=O ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ Hˆ O„^Œ Jnè#OÖ’<Õ ã¨∂Hõ‡Δ ~°∞} Hˆ =ÅO =_ô¤ WKÕÛ ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞QÍ =Ú„^ŒÑ_¨ `ç Õ Jq
'^Œ QÍi¤Ü«∞<£— D *Ïa`å q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤Ok. ~å*ÏºOQÆ „Ñ¨ H Í~° O ~åR *Ïa`å H˜ O ^Œ ‰ õ Ω
„Ñ¨=ÚY ~°K«~Ú„u J~°∞O^èŒf~å*ò, Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å K«\ÏìÅ∞ =™êÎÜ«∞x ã‘xÜ«∞~ü JkèHÍi XHõ~°∞ K≥áêÊ~°∞.
HÍ~°ºHõ~°Î [Ü«∞N, Ñ¨~åº=~°} =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ"åk ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ~°OQÆOÃÑ· ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨÷ÅÃÑ· `«Ñ¨ÊHõ K«\Ïìxfl U~åÊ@∞
=O^Œ < åt=, ã¨ ∞ ~° H ˜ Δ ` « =∂`« $ `« fi O HÀã¨ O `«ÅÃÑ\ì̃# H˘`«Î K«@Oì g\˜ÃÑ· ~åR „Ñ¨É∞íè `åfiÅ∞ KÕ™êÎ=∞x Pi÷Hõ =∞O„u „Ñ¨}Éò=ÚYs˚ `«# |_≥\˚ ò
Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞Î#fl JÑ¨~ål`« QÆQÀÜü∞, QÆ$Ç¨ÏÇ≤ÏOã¨#∞ KÕ ã ≤ # K« \ Ïì Å #∞ ~° ^ Œ ∞ Ì KÕ ¿ ã J=HÍâßÅ∞ „Ñ¨ãO¨ QÆOÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. =∂ÖËQÍO Hõq∞\© `«#
Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å ~°H}Δõ HÀãÖ Ñ¨xKÕã∞¨ #Î fl HõxÊã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. D aÅ∞¡Ö’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} x"Õ k Hõ JO^Œ K Õ ã ≤ O ^Œ x , nxx „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `« fi O
QÆ∞ÖÏc ^Œà◊O <åÜ«∞‰õΩ~åÅ∞ ãÖÑ¨`üáêÖò ^ÕqH˜ ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ =ã¨∂Å∞ KÕ¿ã =_ôÃ¤ Ñ· xÜ«∞O„`«} U~åÊ@∞ Ñïjeã¨∞OÎ ^Œx PÜ«∞# áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O@∞‰õΩ ueáê~°∞.
JO^Œ∞Ö’ ™ê÷#O ^ŒH˜¯Ok. KÕÜ«∞#∞<åfl~°∞. D ãÖã¨÷Å‰õΩ ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ #∞Oz Pi÷Hõ âßY "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ „ÑüáêkOz# aÅ∞¡ i[~°∞fi
L`«~Î „° Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’x F „QÍ=∞OÖ’ F ~ÀA
=KÕÛ ~°∞}ÏÅÃÑ· =_ô¤ "≥Ú`åÎxH˜ D ãÖã¨÷Å∞ ÉÏºO‰õΩ =_»Ì il„ã¨~ì ü KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩ#fl JkH˘`«Î ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ
F QÆ$Ç¨Ïã¨∞÷ `«# ÉèÏ~°º#∞ H˘_»∞`«∞O_»QÍ ãÖÑ¨`ü
áêÖò ^Õ q K« ∂ âß~° ∞ . H˘\Áì ^ Œ Ì x J`« x fl qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å #∞Oz =ã¨∂Å∞ KÕ¿ã "≥Ú`åÎxH˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞ =iÎã¨∞ÎO^Œx. i[~°∞fi ÉÏºO‰õΩ =^ŒÌ
JÉèºí i÷OKå~°∞. J~Ú<å q#HõáÈ=_»O`À =∞~åfl_»∞ =∞^è Œ º `Õ _ ® Z‰õ Ω ¯= ÖË ‰ õ Ω O_® K« ∂ ™êÎ ~ ° ∞ . ilã¨ì~ü HÍx ãÖã¨÷Å∞ WKÕÛ ~°∞}ÏÅ∞ "≥Ú`«ÎO
H˘O`«=∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å`À HõÅã≤ =zÛ J`«xfl i[~°∞fiÉÏºO‰õΩ U~åÊ@∞ KÕã#≤ =∂ÖËQÍO Hõq∞\© ~°∞}ÏÖ’¡ Zxq∞k âß`«O =∂„`«"∞Õ L<åflÜ«∞x
H˘\Ïì~°∞. P q^èŒOQÍ QÆ∞ÖÏa^Œà◊O U~°Ê_çO^Œx ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞Å P^è•~°OQÍ "≥∞ÿ„HÀÃÑ¶·<å<£û aÅ∞¡ =∂ÖËQÍO Hõq∞\© QÆ∞iÎOzOk.
QÍi¤Ü«∞<£ `≥eÑ≤Ok. P"≥∞ÃÑ· Ñ¨Å∞ ˆHã¨∞Å∞ =Ú™ê~Ú^•#∞ ~° ∂ á⁄Okã¨ ∞ Î < åfl~° ∞ . Wk WÖÏ=ÙO_» Q Í 2007-10
#"≥ ∂ ^Œ ~ Úº~Ú. J~Ú<å ^Œ à ◊ ã¨ É è í ∞ ºÅ∞ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’ D ãÖã¨÷Å ~°∞}ÏÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl ãÖ=`«û~åÅ =∞^èºŒ HÍÅOÖ’ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ
ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂<Õ L<åfl~°∞. WÑ¨Ê\˜H˜ 20"ÕÅ =∞Ok Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_»O`À „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO =ã¨∂Å∞ HÍ"åeû# x^è∞Œ Å∞ ~°∂. 3,800 HÀ@¡
ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞<åfl~°∞. D~°OQÆOÖ’ *’HõºO KÕã∞¨ HÀ"åeû =zÛOk. P #∞Oz ~°∂. 18,344 HÀ@¡‰Ωõ ÃÑiyOk. J^Õ
ÉèÏ~°`« ãÖ`«u =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Öˇ·# ÃÑÑ≤ûHÀ ^ŒâÖ◊ ’<Õ =∂ÖËQÍO Hõq∞\© U~åÊ@∞ [iyOk. ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ~°∞}ÏÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"åi ãÖYº 10.04
L#fl`åkèHÍi WO„^•#∂~Ú, ^Œ~≈° ‰õΩ~åÅ∞ g∞<å ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ ~°∞}ÏÅ =ã¨∂Å‰õΩ [|~°ãú QÎ‘ Í q∞eÜ«∞<£Å #∞Oz 26.7 q∞eÜ«∞<£Å‰õΩ KÕiOk.
<åÜ«∞~ü, ™œ`üPÖò ÉÏ¡H± ã≤ã¨ì~üû =º=™ê÷Ñ¨Hõ =º=Ç¨Ïi™êÎÜ∞« x P~ÀÑ¨}Å∞ =KåÛ~Ú. ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ 2009-10 ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’
ã¨Éèí∞º~åÅ∞ „Ñ¨*Ï˝Ñ¨>ËÖò‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® KÀ@∞ ^ŒH˜¯Ok. JuÃÑ^ŒÌ =∂Ô~¯\ò J~Ú# PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO ã¨~åãï# 37 âß`«O =_ôÅ¤ #∞ =ã¨∂Å∞ KÕ™ê~Ú.
#Å¡*Ïu, Pã≤Ü∂« ãÖ`«u =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ"å^•xfl D ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨÷Å xÜ«∞O„`«}‰õΩ K«\Ïìxfl z#fl ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ 29 âß`«O =_ôx¤ =ã¨∂Å∞
ãÖã¨÷ qxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. „a@<£Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`« ãÖ`«uH˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ~å"åeû =zÛOk. D K«@Oì =zÛ# `«~åfi`« KÕ™êÎ~Ú. ÃÑ^ŒÌ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ 2009-10Ö’
K≥ O k# [ã‘ fi O^Œ ~ ü ã¨ O ¿Ñ¶ ∞ ~å‰õ Ä ™ê÷ # O ~°∞}ÏÅ iHõ=s ÉÏQÍ `«yáæ È~ÚOk. D K«@Oì Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞ K≥eO¡ K«H=õ ÚO^Œ∞ ã¨~åãï ÖÏ|O 10.94
ÅaèOzOk. |Å=O`«ÑÙ¨ ÃÑo¡à¡◊ ÉÏkè`« =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å‰õΩ ~° ∞ } „QÆ Ç ‘ Ï `« Å ‰õ Ω J#∞‰õ Ä ÅOQÍ L#fl^Œ x âß`«O L#flk. z#fl ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ ã¨~åãï
JO_»QÍ xÅ|_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ [ã‘fiO^Œ~ü Hõ~‡° x~å‡} ~° ∞ }^•`« Å „Ñ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ [<åÅ∞ ^≥ | ƒfã¨ ∞ Î # fl^Œ x ÖÏÉèOí 9.4 âß`«O LOk.
ãÖã¨÷#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞. "åºMÏº<åÅ∞ qxÑ≤ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú.
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
48 âß`«O `«y#æ ZÑ¶_
π Sô Å∞
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO `≥KÕÛ H˘`«Î K«@ìOÖ’
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
ÃÑ<·¶ å<£û, al<≥ãπ JO_£
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 S~Àáê ^Õ â ßÖ’¡ Pi÷ H õ =º=ã¨ ÷ Å ∞
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 =_ô¤ ˆ~@¡ÃÑ· HõzÛ`«OQÍ Ñïq∞u LO@∞O^Œx,
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 Ñ¨ÙOA‰õΩO@∞#flO^Œ∞# ÉèÏ~°`ü‰õΩ q^Õj „Ñ¨`«ºHõΔ
ZHÍ#g∞
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 JÖÏˆQ „Ñ¨[Å #∞Oz ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨÷Å∞
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å (ZÑ¶π_ôS) „Ñ¨"åÇ¨ÏO H©Δ}ÕzOk.
_çáêl@∞¡ ¿ãHõiOK«_®xH˜ J#∞=∞uOK«É’~°x U_®k „H˜Ò« W^Õ <≥Å`À áÈe¿ãÎ [#=iÖ’ 48
Z<£cZÑ¶ãπ Å
‘ ÃÑ· P~ücS áêº<≥Öò JkèHÍ~° =~åæÅ ^•fi~å `≥Å∞ã¨∞Î#flk. 100 HÀ@∞¡, âß`«O H©Δ}Õz 104 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°¡‰õΩ (^•^•Ñ¨Ù
ÖËHõ JO`«HOõ >Ë Z‰õΩ¯= ~°∞}ÏÅ#∞q`«~} ° KÕ¿ã ~°∂.5,000 HÀ@∞¡) Ñïq∞`«O JÜ«∂º~Ú. 2010,
U~åÊ@∞ ã¨ ∂ Hõ Δ ‡~° ∞ } ã¨ O ã¨ ÷ Å =∂i˚ < £ Ñ¨ k âß`« O [#=iÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü 204 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°¡ q^Õj „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ
ÉÏºOH˜ O ˆ Q `« ~ ° Pi÷ H õ Hõ O ÃÑh q∞OK«‰õΩO_® K«∂_®Åx =∂ÖËQÍO Hõq∞\© ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å#∞ PHõi¬OzOk. „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`« Pi÷Hõ
(Z<£cZÑ¶πã‘)Å xÜ«∞O„`«}‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞ KÕã≤Ok. z#fl ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨÷Å‰õΩ ãÖ=`«û~°O "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ 10 <≥ÅÅ‰õΩ ZÑ¶_π Sô Å∞ 25
JOâßÅ#∞ Ñ¨sHΔ̃OK«_O» HÀãÖ i[~°∞fi ÉÏºO‰õΩ D =∂i˚<£ 12 âß`«O =~°‰Ωõ LO_»=K«∞Û##x âß`«O H©}Δ O˜ z 2,290 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°¡ #∞Oz 1,700
XHõ |$O^•xfl U~åÊ@∞ KÕãO≤ k. =∂r _çÑÓ¨ º\© J#∞=∞uOzOk. =º‰õ Ω Î Å #∞Oz Z\ ˜ ì HÀ@¡ _®Å~° ¡ ‰ õ Ω KÕ ~ å~Ú. „Ñ¨ ã ¨ ∞ Î ` « Pi÷ H õ
QÆ=~°fl~°∞ Lëê^ä˘~°\ò D áêº<≥\ò‰õΩ <Õ`«$`«fiO Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Ö’¡#∂ ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞# ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ 24 âß`«O ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ WOHÍ XHõ <≥ÖË L#flO^Œ∞# QÆ`«
=Ç≤Ï™êÎ~°∞. „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O ÃãO@~ü Ñ¶¨~ü J_®fi<£û_Õ q∞Oz =_ô¤ =ã¨∂Å∞ KÕÜ∞« ~å^Œx =∂ÖËQÍO Hõq∞\© U_®k ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ ZÑ¶πcSÅ∞ =KÕÛ J=HÍâßÅ∞
ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞ KÕã≤Ok. ÖË=Ù. 2009-10 U_®kÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`ü 2,588 HÀ@¡
ÃÑ¶ · < åx¬Ü« ∞ Öò sÃã~ü Û JO_£ Öˇ i flOQ∑ _®Å~°¡ ZÑ¶π_ôSÅ#∞ PHõi¬OzOk. JO`«„H˜`«O
(ã‘ U ZÑ¶ π P ~ü U ZÖò ) ‰õ Ω Lëê _≥ · ~ ° H õ ì ~ ü Q Í ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨÷Å ¿Ñ^ŒÅ‰õΩ ~°∞}
q`«~°} ^•fi~å "åi rq`åÅ#∞ "≥∞~°∞ÑïKÕ U_®k D "≥Ú`«OÎ 2,733 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°∞¡ LOk.
=º=Ç¨Ïiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. Z<£cZÑ¶πã‘Å x~°fiK«#O, JHÀì|~°∞Ö’ q^Õj „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù
ãÖã¨÷Å∞QÍ LO_®ÖË `«Ñ¨Ê =_ô¤ "åºáê~°O KÕ¿ã
=sæHõ~°}`À áê@∞ D ~°OQÆOÖ’ LO_®eû# 40 âß`«O `«yæ 140 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°‰¡ Ωõ Ñïq∞`«O
ãÖã¨÷Å∞QÍ q∞yeáÈ~å^Œx ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO
„Ñ¨=∂}ÏÅÃÑ· D |$O^ŒO ^Œ$+≤ì Hˆ O„nHõiã¨∞OÎ ^Œx ÉèÏqã¨∞#Î flk. J@∞=O\˜ <ÕÑ^¨ •ä ºxfl K«@Oì ^•fi~å JÜ«∂º~Ú. ZÑ¶π_ôSÅ∞ `«QÆ∞æ WO_çÜ«∂ XHõ
P~ücS ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. `Õ"åÅ#flk Hˆ O„^ŒO PÖ’K«#. ã¨∂HõΔ ‡~°∞} ãÖã¨Å÷ ∞ |$O^•xfl U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ∂« Åx ÉèÏq™ÈÎOk.
30 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

57 ÅHõÅ
Δ @#∞flÅ‰õΩ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩ#fl Ñ¨ã≤QÆ\ ˜ì JO^Œ∞‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ x~°‚Ü«∂Å∞ `≥eáê~°∞. lO^•Öò ãÖã¨÷ ~°∂. 45,000-
fã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ i[~°∞fi ÉÏºO‰õΩ, „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ 50,000 HÀ@¡#∞ ã‘ìÖò ~°OQÆOÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞
KÕÑÅ
¨ L`«ÊuÎ gÅ∞O@∞Ok. JdÅ ÉèÏ~°`« „áêuÑ¨kHõ`À áê@∞ ÃÑ_»∞`«∞O_»QÍ, =∞~À 50,000 HÀ@¡#∞ ã‘ìÖò
D Pi÷Hõ ãÖ=`«û~°O "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ `˘q∞‡k „QÍg∞}, Ñ¨@}ì qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂pÅ#∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ ÃÑ_»∞`«∞O_»QÍ, =∞~À
<≥ÅÅ HÍÅOÖ’ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ KÕÑÅ¨ L`«ÊuÎ 57.03 QÆ}ÏOHÍÅ∞, Ñ¨^äŒHÍÅ J=∞Å∞ =∞O„u`«fi âßY 50,000 HÀ@¡#∞ HÀÖò @∂ eHõfi~ü áê¡O\ò
ÅHõÅΔ @#∞flÅ‰õΩ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩOk. 2009-10 Pi÷Hõ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕãO≤ k. [#=i <≥Å‰õΩ „QÍg∞} ã‘ÑS‘ HÀãÖ "≥zÛ™ÈÎOk. ~å#∞#fl Ñ¨k ãÖ=`«û~åÅ
ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ ^ÕjÜ«∞OQÍ KÕÑÅ¨ L`«ÊuÎ 78.53 107 áê~ÚO@∞¡, Ñ¨@}ì ã‘ÑS‘ 104 áê~ÚO@∞¡QÍ HÍÅOÖ’ 1,10,000 HÀ@¡ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ÃÑ@ì#∞Ok.
ÅHõ Δ Å @#∞flÅ∞QÍ L#fl@∞¡ „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `« fi _®\Ï #"≥∂^≥·Ok. H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ`À qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å x`åº=ã¨~åÅ Ñ¶Ó¨ ºK«~ûü
`≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù`ÀOk. ^Õâ◊OÖ’ J`«ºkèHõOQÍ KÕÑ¨Å#∞ „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O ÖˇH˜¯OÑ¨ÙÖ’ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O
L`«ÊuÎ KÕã∞¨ #Î fl ~å„ëêìÅÖ’ Ñ¨tÛ=∞ÉˇOQÍÖò, Hˆ ~°à,◊ â◊√ÉèíÑï}Ï=∞"Õ∞x, J~Ú`Õ D „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O „>Ë_çOQ∑ÃÑ· x¿+^èŒO
PO„^è Œ „ Ñ¨ ^ Õ â ò , `« q ∞à◊ < å_» ∞ , QÆ ∞ [~å`ü Å ∞ „Ñ¨ = ∂}˜ H õ O HÍ=_®xH˜ KåÖÏ HÍÅO "Õ z PÇ¨  ~° ^è Œ ~ ° Å xÜ« ∞ O„`« } HÀã¨ O
`˘e™ê÷ < åÖ’¡ L<åfl~Ú. 2009-10 LO_®eû# J=ã¨~°O LO^Œx Pi÷Hõ "Õ`«ÎÅ∞ x`åº=ã¨~åÅ Ñ¶¨ÓºK«~üû „>Ë_çOQ∑ÃÑ· x¿+^èŒO
ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ Ñ¨tÛ=∞ÉˇOQÍÖò 15.05 ÅHõΔÅ Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤~°∞. qkèOKåÅx qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å =º=Ç¨~åÅÃÑ·
@#∞flÅ∞, PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò 12.93 ÅHõÅΔ @#∞flÅ∞, 2011, [#=i #∞Oz „QÍg∞}, Ñ¨@} ì „Ñ¶¨^è•x HÍ~åºK«~°} |$O^ŒO ã≤á¶ê~°∞û KÕã≤Ok.
QÆ∞[~å`ü 7.71 ÅHõÅΔ @#∞flÅ∞, `«q∞à◊<å_»∞ 5.34 „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ^èŒ~°Å QÆ ∞ [~å`ü =ÚYº=∞O„u #ˆ ~ O„^Œ "≥ ∂ _ç
ÅHõÅΔ @#∞flÅ KÕÑÅ¨ #∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕã#≤ @∞¡ Hˆ O„^Œ ã¨∂pÅx „Ñ¨"âÕ ◊ ÃÑ_»∞`«∞#fl@∞¡ QÆÒ« Ö’ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO <Õ`$« `«fiOÖ’x D |$O^ŒO "≥Ú`«OÎ 20 ã≤áê¶ ~°∞ûÅ∞
=º=™êÜ«∞ âßY =∞O„u J~°∞}üÜ∂« ^Œ"£ Ö’H±ãÉ¨ ‰íè Ωõ „Ñ¨Hõ\ Õz# q+¨Ü«∞O `≥eã≤O^Õ. D ã¨∂pÖ’¡ KÕãO≤ k. g\˜Ö’ 64 HÍ~åºK«~}° ã¨∂„`åÅ∞<åfl~Ú.
WzÛ# ed`«ÑÓ¨ ~°fiHõ ã¨=∂^è•#OÖ’ "≥Å_¡ Oç Kå~°∞. PÇ¨~°O, áêhÜ«∂Å∞, áê^Œ~°HõΔÅ∞, ^Œã¨∞ÎÅ∞, i>ˇ ÿ Ö ò ^è Œ ~ ° Å xÜ« ∞ O„`« } HÀã¨ O =∂~åæ Å ∞
W`« ~ åÅ qÉè Ï QÍÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. <≥ Å "ås ã¨∂zOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ D |$O^•xfl QÆ`« U_®k
"Õ∞ <å\˜H˜ ¿Ñ^ŒÅ QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨Ù „áêuÑ¨kHõ# qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^•~°∞Å ^è~Œ Å° ã¨∂pÅ#∞ U„Ñ≤ÖòÖ’ U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞. WO^Œ∞Ö’ PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò,
q^è•#OÃÑ· x"ÕkHõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. `«q∞à◊<å_»∞, =∞Ç¨~åRÅ =ÚYº=∞O„`«∞Å∞
Ñ¨@}ì OÖ’ ^•i„^Œº ~ˆ Y‰õΩ kQÆ∞=Ù# L#fl P =¸_»∞ ~å„ëêìÖ’¡ JkèHOõ : ã¨É∞íè ºÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨xKÕâß~°∞. |$O^ŒO `«# x"ÕkHõ#∞
¿Ñ^ŒÅ (aÑ≤ZÖò) QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨Ù#‰õΩ q^è•<åxfl "Õ∞ ˆH~°à◊, X_ç™êû, "Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂ÅÜ«∂ ~å„ëêìÖ’¡ =∂iÛ 2# „Ñ¨ ^ è • x =∞<À‡Ç¨ Ï <£ ã≤ O Q∑ ‰ õ Ω
<å\˜H˜ P Hõq∞\© `«# x"ÕkHõ#∞ ã¨=∞iÊã¨∞OÎ ^Œx JkèHõOQÍ ã‘Ñ‘S 108 áê~ÚO@∞¡ (8 âß`«O ã¨=∞iÊOzOk.
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO `≥eÜ«∞KÕã≤Ok. Ñ¨@ì} „áêO`åÅÖ’ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ) LOk. QÆ∞[~å`ü, Ç¨Ï~åº<å, _èçb¡, x"ÕkHõÖ’x =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞ :
¿Ñ^ŒÅ#∞ QÆ∞iÎOKÕ q^è•<åxfl ~°∂á⁄OkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ÑÖ*ÏÉò =O\˜ ~å„ëêìÖ’¡ D ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ~ˆ @∞ x`åº=ã¨ ~ åÅ Ñ¶ ¨ Ó ºK« ~ ü û „>Ë _ ç O Q∑ # ∞
„Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ O Zãπ P~ü Ç¨Ï+‘‡ <åÜ«∞Hõ`fi« OÖ’ 4-6 âß`åxˆH Ñïq∞`«"≥∞ÿOk. PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’ x`åº=ã¨~åÅ K«@Oì HÕ^Œ Éˇ~ÚÖò‰Ωõ gÅ∞
Hõq∞\©x U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤Ok. 'D Hõq∞\© `«# HÍ¡käOQ∑, Éˇ_ç¤OQ∑, áê^Œ~°HõΔÅ qÉèÏQÆOÖ’ ^èŒ~°Å∞
x"Õ k Hõ # ∞ "Õ ∞ <å\ ˜ H ˜ JO^Œ K Õ ã ¨ ∞ Î O ^Œ x ÖËx <Õ~O° QÍ „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kåe. D <Õ~åÅ#∞
9 âß`«O ÃÑiQÍ~Ú. `«fi~°QÍ qKåiOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ HÀ~°∞Åì #∞
ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åflO— Jx „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ, áê~°¡"≥∞O@s
=º=Ç¨~åÅ Hõq∞\© ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞ =∞O„u Ptfih ÃÑ^ŒÌ^≥·# ã‘ìÖò áê¡O\ò U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ∂« e.
ZãπÑ≤Öò ãÖã¨÷ „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}Ïxfl Hõ@ì_çKÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ¶¨ÓºK«~üû
‰õΩ=∂~ü Ö’H±ã¨ÉèíÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨@ì}ÏÅÖ’
x~°∞¿Ñ^ŒÅ#∞ QÆ∞iÎOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O ã¨Ô~·# ã‘ ì Ö ò áê¡ O \ò # ∞ Xi™êûÖ’ ™ê÷ Ñ ≤ O K« _ ®xH˜ „>Ë _ ç O Q∑ *Ïa`å #∞Oz aÜ« ∞ ºO,
q^è • #O Ug∞ ÖË ^ Œ ∞ . „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `« fi O „Ñ¨ ã ¨ ∞ Î ` « O =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ=zÛOk. ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ HõhãÖ 6 Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ C ^è • <åºÅ∞, =O@#∂<≥ Å #∞
„Ñ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÍ`« ‡ Hõ O QÍ x~° fi Ç≤ Ï Oz# ã¨ ˆ ~ fi#∞ q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ ã‘Öì ò L`«ÊuÎ ÅHõΔ ºOQÍ 2013 `˘ÅyOKåe.
qâı¡+≤™ÈÎOk. <å\ ˜ H ˜ D „áê*ˇ ‰ õ Ω ì # ∞ xi‡OK« _ ®xH˜ Ñ¨ O Ñ≤ } © x |Ö’¿Ñ`« O KÕ Ü « ∞ _®xH˜
H˘`«Î qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^
„ "Œ ÀºÅƒ} ã¨∂p „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflã¨∞Î<åfl=∞x ãÖã¨÷ "≥Å¡_çOzOk. nO`À =º=™êÜ«∞ =∂Ô~¯@¡#∞ ã¨~°mHõiOKåe.
áê¡O\ò „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ ã‘ìÖò áê¡O\òQÍ Wq =º=ã‘ ÷ H õ $ `« i>ˇ ÿ Ö ò q^è • #OÖ’
H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ`À qxÜ≥∂QÆ^èŒ~°Å P^è•i`« QÆ∞iÎOÑ¨Ù á⁄O^Œ#∞O^Œx ãÖã¨÷ Láê^èºŒ ‰õΩΔ _»∞, ZO_ô H˘#™êQÍe. g\˜Ö’ P„QÀ-„áêÃãã≤OQ∑,
„^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O Ñ¶≤„|=i 18 #∞Oz J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜ #g<£ lO^•Öò „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞. HÍQÍ D áê¡O\ò‰Ωõ i>ˇÿÖò "åºáê~°O `«k`«~° ~°OQÍÖ’¡x
=zÛOk. 2011, [#=i <≥Å‰õΩ qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^è~Œ Å° ãÖ|OkèOz ~å„+¨ì =ÚYº=∞O„u #g<£ Ñ¨\ÏflÜ«∞H± ã¨ Ç ¨ Ï HÍ~° ã¨ O Ñ¶ ¨ ∂ Å Éè Ï QÆ ™ êfi=∂ºxfl
ã¨∂p (ã‘ÑS‘ ) 6 âß`«O ÃÑiy 106 áê~ÚO@¡‰Ωõ `À ã¨=∂"Õâ◊O J~Ú# J#O`«~°O lO^•Öò ÃÑOKåe.
KÕiOk. QÆ`« U_®k (2010) ã¨QÆ@∞ 100 =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂ „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O xi‡OK« `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì# 6
áê~ÚO@¡`À áÈe¿ãÎ D ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ #"≥∂^≥O· k. q∞eÜ« ∞ <£ @#∞flÅ L`« Ê uÎ ™ê=∞~° ÷ º O QÆ Å
5 ÅHõÅ
Δ HÀ@¡ _®Å~°‰¡ Ωõ ÉèÏ~°`«
<≥ Å "ås Jã¨ Å ∞ ÃÑ~° ∞ QÆ ∞ ^Œ Å #∞ áÈeÛ „áê*ˇ‰õΩì#∞ ~å#∞#fl 10 ãÖ=`«û~åÅÖ’ 20 Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
Öˇ H õ ¯ Hõ @ ì _ ®xH˜ WOHÍ U_®káê@∞ PQÍeû q∞eÜ« ∞ <£ @#∞flÅ∞ KÕ ~ ° ∞ Û`å=∞x lO^•Öò ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ =$kúÃÑ· Ñï„â◊=∞
LO@∞Ok. qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ ^èŒ~°Å `≥eáê~°∞. HÍQÍ D Ñï„â◊=∞ x~å‡}O HÀãÖ kQÆ æ * ÏÅ #∞Oz Éè Ï s JOK« < åÖË
Hõ^ŒeHõÅ#∞ =∞iO`«QÍ „ÑüaOaOKÕ q^èŒOQÍ WÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH ~°∂.10,000 HÀ@¡ ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å#∞ "≥Å∞=_»∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. 2022-25 <å\˜H˜ ÉèÏ~°`ü
H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°∞. H˘`«Î ã≤sãπ =Å¡ "≥zÛO^Œx, =∞~À ~°∂.5000 HÀ@¡#∞ ‰õÄ_® 5 ÅHõ Δ Å HÀ@¡ _®Å~° ¡ Pi÷ H õ =º=ã¨ ÷ Q Í
qxÜ≥∂QÆ ^èŒ~°Ö’¡ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ ZÑ¨Ê\˜HõÑ¨ÙÊ_»∞ nxHÀã¨ O ˆ H \Ï~ÚOK« # ∞<åfl=∞x lO^•Öò =∂~°∞`«∞O^Œx iÅÜ«∞<£û WO_»„ã‘ãì π K≥~· ‡° <£ =ÚˆH+π
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 31

JOÉÏh ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. J~Ú`Õ ^Õâ◊ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨Ã÷ Ñ· LO^Œx, WO^Œ∞Ö’ xÜ«∞O„`«} |kb HÍ=_»O ÉèÏ~°`ü `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
=∞iO`« Pâß"åÇ¨Ï ^Œ$HõÊ^äOŒ `À L#fl Sã≤Sã≤S ÖË^Œx qâı¡+¨‰õΩÅ∞ JO@∞<åfl~°∞. cÑ‘ "å\Ï
ÉÏºOH± K≥·~°‡<£ ÔHqHÍ=∞`ü 2022 <å\˜ˆH ÉèÏ~°`ü fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl 23 ˆHΔ„`åÖ’¡ iÅÜ«∞<£û PÑ¨ˆ~@~üQÍ ^Õ â ◊ „Ñ¨ [ Å r=# „Ñ¨ = ∂}ÏxH˜
5 ÅHõ Δ Å HÀ@¡ _®Å~° ¡ Pi÷ H õ =º=ã¨ ÷ Q Í H˘#™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok. 'D XÑ¨ÊO^•xH˜ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi H˘Å=∂#OQÍ ÉèÏqOKÕ ÉèÏ~°`« `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O
J=`«iã¨∞OÎ ^Œx "≥Å_¡ Oç Kå~°∞. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î O« =∞# ^Õâ◊ QÆ`« Pi÷Hõ ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ 14.5 âß`«O ÃÑiy
J#∞=∞u J=ã¨~°O LO@∞Ok. J#∞=∞uH˜ ~°∂.46,492 ‰õΩ KÕi#@∞¡ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O\ò‰Ωõ
Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ Ñï=∂}O 1.2 ÅHõΔÅ HÀ@¡ ^Œ~°MÏã¨∞Î KÕã¨∞‰õΩx P"≥∂^ŒO á⁄O^Œ∞`åO. =KÕÛ
_®Å~°∞Q¡ Í LOk. `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã≤Ok. 2008-09Ö’ `«Åãï ~å|_ç
Pi÷Hõ ãÖ=`«û~°OÖ’ D =º=Ç¨~°O JO`« ~° ∂ .40,605 LO^Œ x ˆ H O„^Œ QÆ } ÏOHÍÅ∞,
~°∂. 32,000 HÀ@¡ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO Ñ¨Ó~°Î=Ù`«∞Ok— Jx iÅÜ«∞<£û WO_»„ã‘ìãπ Kè≥·~°‡<£ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å J=∞Å∞ âßY =∞O„u ZO.l.yÖò
ÉèÏ~°`« WO^è#Œ ~°OQÆOÖ’ H©ÅHõ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO =ÚˆHâò JOÉÏh `≥eáê~°∞. `«∂~°∞Ê f~°OÖ’ Ö’H±ã¨ÉèíÖ’ XHõ ed`« Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõ ã¨=∂^è•#OÖ’
‰õΩkiOk. iÅÜ«∞<£û WO_»„ã‘ìãπ (P~üSZÖò)‰õΩ J<Õfi+¨} J=HÍâßÅ#∞ JOkÑ¨ÙK«∞Û HÀ=_®xH˜, `≥eáê~°∞. 2008-09Ö’ "åã¨=Î ^è~Œ ° =^ŒÌ `«Åãï
K≥Ok# 23 K«=Ú~°∞, QÍºãπ Hˆ „Δ `åÖ’¡ 30 âß`«O Jkè H õ K« = Ú~° ∞ , QÍºãπ # ∞ á⁄O^Œ _ ®xH˜ D P^•Ü«∞O ~°∂.40,605, 2009-10Ö’ ~°∂.
"å\Ï#∞ „a@<£‰Ωõ K≥Ok# „a\©+π ÃÑ„\’eÜ«∞O XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO ^ÀÇ¨Ï^ŒO KÕã¨∞ÎO^Œx `≥eáê~°∞. 46,492QÍ JOK« < å "Õ ã ≤ # @∞¡ =∞O„u
(cÑ‘) ™⁄O`«O KÕã¨∞HÀ#∞Ok. D XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. 2004-05 ÉËãπ ãÖ=`«û~°O =~°‰õΩ
qÅ∞= 720 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°∞¡ (^•^•Ñ¨Ù ~°∂.32,000 Hˆ r-_ô6Ö’ "å\Ï 60 âß`åxH˜ ^Õâ◊ „QÍg∞}, Ñ¨@} ì „áêO`åÅ „Ñ¨[Å `«Åãï
HÀ@∞¡). ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’H˜ =zÛ# JuÃÑ^ŒÌ q^Õj „Ñ¨`º« HõΔ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok: P^•Ü«∞ ÖˇHõ¯Å∞ "Õˆ~fi~°∞QÍ JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’
ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç (ZÑ¶π_ôS) W^Õ J=Ù`«∞Ok. Hõ$ëê‚- „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î O« Hˆ r-_ô6 Hˆ „Δ `«OÖ’ ~ÀA‰õΩ 5- L<åflÜ«∞x =∞~À „Ñ¨â◊fl‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#OQÍ yÖò
QÀ^•=i ÉËã<≤ Ö£ ’x Hˆ r-_ô6 QÍºãπ Hˆ „Δ `«O`Àáê@∞ 5.2 HÀ@¡ „áê=∂}˜Hõ Ñ¶¨∞#Ñ¨Ù g∞@~°¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï[ `≥eáê~°∞. 2004-05 ÉËãπ WÜ«∞~ü „Ñ¨HÍ~°O
23 Hˆ „Δ `åÖ’¡ cÑ‘ "å\Ï á⁄O^Œ#∞#fl@∞¡ iÅÜ«∞<£û "åÜ«Ú=Ù L`«ÊuÎ J=Ù`ÀOk. D Hˆ „Δ `«OÖ’ xHÀ „QÍg∞} `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ~°∂.16,327 Ñ¨@} ì
WO_»„ã‘ãì π `≥eÑ≤Ok. "å\Ï |kb`Àáê@∞ ~Ô O_»∞ i™ÈÔ~ûãπ‰Ωõ 10 âß`«O "å\Ï LOk. cÑ‘ KÕuH˜ „áêO`« `«Åãï P^•Ü«∞O ~°∂.44,223QÍ LO^Œx
HõOÃÑhÅ∞ Hõeã≤ QÍºãπ q„HõÜ∂« xH˜, H˘#∞QÀÅ∞‰õΩ 30 âß`«O "å\Ï ÅaèOz# `«~åfi`« iÅÜ«∞<£û PÜ«∞# J<åfl~°∞. Ñ¨@} ì „áêO`åÖ’¡ JkèHõ ~å|_ç,
ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎ ãÖã¨÷#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ™êÎ~Ú. WO^Œ∞Ö’ "å\Ï 60 âß`åxH˜ `«Q∞Æ `æ ∞« Ok. Hˆ r-_ô6 `«~åfi`« „QÍg∞} „áêO`åÖ’¡x JkèHõ [#™êO„^Œ`« =Å¡
Ô~O_»∞ HõOÃÑhÅ‰õΩ ã¨=∂# "å\Ï LO@∞Ok. Ô~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅ `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂Å =∞^èŒº
Ñ¨tÛ=∞ f~°OÖ’x Ñ¨<åfl/ =ÚHÍÎ, `«Ñu¨ K«=Ú~°∞, X_çëê f~°OÖ’x =∞Ç¨#k ÉËã<≤ Ö£ ’ Z<£Dã‘- JO`« ~ åxH˜ „Ñ¨ ^ è • # HÍ~° } =∞x PÜ« ∞ #
QÍºãπ Hˆ „Δ `åÖ’¡ 30 âß`«O "å\Ï`À áê@∞ 29 25Ö’ Hˆ „Δ `«OÖ’ WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Ωõ 15 KÀ@¡ xÅfiÅ∞ q=iOKå~°∞. „QÍg∞} `«Åãï P^•Ü«∂xfl
Hˆ „Δ `åÅ∞ iÅÜ«∞<£û KÕuÖ’ L<åfl~Ú. WO^Œ∞Ö’ L<åflÜ«∞x QÆ∞iÎOKå~°∞. WO^Œ∞Ö’ ‰õÄ_® xHÀ‰õΩ ÃÑOá⁄OkOKÕ ÅHõΔ ºO`À „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO =∞Ç¨`å‡QÍOnè
23 Hˆ „Δ `åÖ’¡ HõOÃÑh "å\Ï#∞ q„Hõ~Ú™ÈÎOk. 10 âß`« O "å\Ï LOk. cÑ‘ XÑ¨ Ê O^Œ O <Õ+¨#Öò ~°∂~°Öò _≥=ÅÑπ"≥∞O\ò ã‘¯"£∞, ÉèÏ~°`ü
K«=Ú~°∞ ˆHΔ„`åÖ’¡ J<Õfi+¨}, "å}˜[º J#O`«~O° D Hˆ „Δ `«OÖ’#∂ iÅÜ«∞<£û "å\Ï 60 x~å‡}ü HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å ^•fi~å Ñ¨Öˇ¡Ö’¡ L^ÀºQÆ
L`«ÊuÎ ÉÏQÆ∞O>Ë cÑ‘ =∞~À 180 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°¡ âß`åxH˜ Ñïq∞`«=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. J=HÍâßÅ∞ Hõ e Ê™ÈÎ O ^Œ x yÖò ã¨ É è í ‰ õ Ω
=~°‰õÄ K≥e¡ã¨∞ÎOk. JO>Ë "≥Ú`«ÎO 900 HÀ@¡ W`« ~ ° x|O^è Œ # Å`Àáê@∞ Éè Ï ~° ` « `≥eÜ«∞*Ëâß~°∞.
_®Å~°#¡ ∞ cÑ‘ "≥zÛã¨∞OÎ k. cÑ‘ K≥eO¡ Ñ¨ÙÅ`À áê@∞ xÜ«∞O„`«} J#∞=∞`«∞Å∞‰õΩ Ö’|_ç D `«fi~°Ö’ H˘`«Î ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ
Éè í q +¨ º `« ∞ Î Ö ’ ÃÑ>Ë ì ÃÑ@∞ì | _» ∞ Å#∞ ‰õ Ä _® ÖÏ"å^Õg Ñ¨Ó~°Î=Ù`«∞Ok.
ÑïQÆ}#Ö’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë 23 K«=Ú~°∞ Hˆ „Δ `åÖ’¡ 23 K« = Ú~° ∞ , QÍºãπ ˆ H Δ „ `åÅ qã‘ Î ~ ° ‚ O
=∂~°æ~°^Œ≈HÍÅ∞
"≥Ú`«ÎO ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å∞ 2,000 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°¡‰õΩ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2,70,000 K«^~Œ Ñ° Ù¨ H˜Ö’g∞@~°∞.¡ „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « Pi÷Hõ ãÖ=`«û~°O =Úy¿ã <å\˜H˜
KÕ~°`åÜ«∞x Ô~O_»∞ HõOÃÑhÅ∞ "≥Å¡_çOKå~Ú. Wk WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Ωõ 720 HÀ@¡ _®Å~°` ¡ À H˘`«Î ÉÏºOHÕQ∑ Öˇ·Ãã#∞ûÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#
ã¨=Ú„^Œ QÆ~°ƒùOÖ’ J<Õfi+¨}, Jaè=$kú qÉèÏQÆOÖ’ =∂~°æ^Œ~°≈HÍÅ#∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ i[~üfi ÉÏºOH±
^Õâ◊OÖ’H˜ =zÛ# JuÃÑ^ŒÌ ZÑ¶π_ôS. (P~üaS) *Ïs KÕÜ∞« #∞Ok. Pi÷Hõ ãÖ=`«û~°O
cÑ‘H˜ =∞Oz Ñ¨@∞ì LOk. „áê*ˇ‰Ωõ Åì U~åÊ@∞
QÆ ` « O Ö’ ~åº<£ É ÏH© û ÖË É Áˆ ~ @sãπ Ö ’ =ÚyÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ =ÚO^Õ =∂~°æ^Œ~°≈HÍÅ#∞ *Ïs
x~°fiÇ¨Ï}Ö’ J#∞‰õΩ#fl ã¨=∞Ü«∞O HõO>Ë =ÚO^Œ∞
Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ K«i„`«, ™ê=∞~°÷ºO iÅÜ«∞<£û "≥∞*Ïi\© "å\Ï#∞ [áê<£ á¶ê~å‡ HõOÃÑh KÕÜ∞« \ÏxH˜ ã¨<åflÇ¨Å∞ KÕ™ÈÎO^Œx „Ñ¨}Éò =ÚYs˚
WO_»„ã‘ãì π ™⁄O`«O. `å*Ï ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO`À ~Ô O_»∞ ^≥ · p âßOHÀº 450 HÀ@¡ _®Å~° ¡ ‰ õ Ω |_≥\˚ ò „Ñ¨ãO¨ QÆOÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ
HõOÃÑhÅ ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ∞ W~°∞=ÙiH˜ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[#O H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ KÕãO≤ k. Wk ~Ô O_À JuÃÑ^ŒÌ ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ ÉÏºOHÕQ∑ ÖˇÃ· ã#∞ûÅ#∞ *Ïs KÕ¿ã
KÕ‰õÄ~°ÛQÆÅ=x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~Ú. ã¨=Ú„^Œ QÆ~°ƒù ZÑ¶π_ôS. JOâßxfl P~üaS Ñïje™ÈÎO^Œx „Ñ¨}Éò QÆ`«
J<Õfi}+¨#Ö’ iÅÜ«∞<£û‰õΩ H˘`«Î ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ∞ `« ∂ ~° ∞ Êf~° O Ö’ =∞Ç¨  #k ÉË ã ≤ < £ Ö ’ |_≥\˚ òÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨}Éò ã¨∂K«#Å "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ
Åaè™êÎ~Ú. J~Ú`Õ H˘`«Î J<Õfi+¨} Öˇ·ÃãxûOQ∑ iÅÜ«∞<£û‰õΩ 25 ˆHΔ„`åÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. H˘`«Î ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î O« ^ÕâO◊ Ö’
q^è•#O (Z<£DZÖòÑ‘) HÕ^Œ D ˆHΔ„`åÅ#∞ H ˆ r-_ô6 Hˆ „Δ `«OÖ’ WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Ωõ HõOÃÑh 26 „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi ~°OQÆ ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞O_»QÍ 31 q^Õj
ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞, 86 „áêOfÜ«∞ „QÍg∞} ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞,
Hˆ \Ï~ÚOz#O^Œ∞# "å\Ï q„HõÜ∂« xH˜ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO 27 K«=Ú~°∞, QÍºãπ xˆHáΔ êÅ#∞ Hõ#∞Q˘Ok. 4 ™ê÷xHõ ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞, 1,721 J~°ƒ<£ HÀPÑ¨~ˆ \˜"£
J#∞=∞u J=ã¨~°O LO@∞Ok. D XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’ cÑ‘ WÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅ∞
ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞, 31 ~å„+¨ì ã¨ÇÏ¨ HÍ~° ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ`À áê@∞
`«=∞ ÑïjÅ#‰õΩ =zÛ#Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ D HÀ}OÖ’ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™ÈÎOk. ã¨=Ú„^ŒQÆ~°ƒù ˆHΔ„`«O _ç- 371 ˆHO„^Œ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞<åfl~Ú. g\˜`À
Ñïje™êÎ=∞x `≥eáê~°∞. ÔH~Ú~üfl WO_çÜ«∂, 17Ö’ 2008 #∞Oz iÅÜ«∞<£û`À Hõeã≤ áê@∞ „ÃÑ"· \Õ ò ~°OQÆOÖ’ 15 áê`« ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞, 7
"Õ^•O`« i™ÈÔ~ûãπ XÑ¨ÊO^•xH˜ nxH˜ `Õ_® Ñ¨x KÕ™ÈÎOk. H˘`«Î „ÃÑ·"Õ\ò ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ∞<åfl~Ú.
32 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 KèåOÑ≤Ü«∞<£+≤Ñπ |Ç¨ï=∞uh H˘>Ëìã≤O^Œx Ñ‘ã‘ ^ÕâßÅÃÑ· ãÖÜ«ÚHõOÎ QÍ XuÎ_ç ÃÑOKåÅx r20
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
q^Õj JOâßÅ∞
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789 =~°Öò¤ Ñ¨„uHõ "≥Å_¡ Oç zOk. D _»|∞ƒ#∞ ScZO ^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ q[˝ÑÎ≤ KÕâß~°∞. "≥Ú`«OÎ 78 ^ÕâßÅ`À
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789
¿ã"åHÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å‰õΩ qxÜ≥∂yOK«#∞Ok. [Ñ¨s¤ ÉèÏ~°`ü ^ŒfiO^Œfi Ñ¨#∞flÅ x~À^èŒHõ XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO
Ñ¨~åº=~°}OÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`« áÈ\©Ö’ H˜¡+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# „Ñ¨â◊flÅ‰õΩ 5 ÃãHõ#¡Ö’Ñ¨Ù ‰õ Ω ^Œ ∞ ~° ∞ Û‰õ Ω O^Œ x , "å\ ˜ Ö ’ 10 ^Õ â ßÅ
ã¨ = ∂^è • #O W"åfieû LO@∞Ok. ScZO XÑ¨ÊO^•Å‰õΩ ã¨=~°}Å „Ñ¨„H˜Ü«∞ Ñ¨Ó~°Î~ÚO^Œx,
#QÆ~åÅ "≥#∞Hõ_»∞QÆ∞ Ñïâ’^è‰Œ Ωõ Å∞ <åÅ∞ˆQà◊¡ áê@∞ „â◊q∞Oz "å@û<£#∞ q∞QÆ`å ^ÕâßÅ`À ãÖ„Ñ¨kOÑ¨ÙÅ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ LO^Œx
'Pã≤Ü∞« <£ Ç¨Ïi`« #QÆ~° ã¨∂p— Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`« ~° ∂ á⁄OkOKå~° ∞ . Wk XHõ ÃãHõ # ∞Ö’ 80 "≥Å_¡ Oç Kå~°∞. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =∂Ô~¯\’¡ „‰õÄ_®~ÚÖò
„Ñ¨^•è # #QÆ~åÅ∞ x~åâ◊ q∞yÖÏÛ~Ú. =ÚO|~Ú, „\˜ e Ü« ∞ <£ =º=Ç¨  ~åÅ∞ x~° fi Ç≤ Ï OK« Q Æ Å ^Œ ∞ . ^èŒ~°Ö’¡ KÀ@∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞#fl ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ K«=Ú~°∞
HÀÖòH`õ å, ÉˇOQÆà¥◊ ~°∞ ™ê^è•~°} ™ê÷~ÚH˜ kQÆ∞=# =∞#∞+¨ μ Å∞ J_ç ˆ Q „Ñ¨ â ◊ fl Å‰õ Ω ã¨ = ∂^è • #O kQÆ∞=∞u KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩO@∞#fl ^ÕâßÅ Jaè=$kúÃÑ· f„=
xeKå~Ú. _è ç b ¡ =∂„`« O ™ê^è • ~° } ™ê÷ ~ Ú W=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞. ZO`À HÍÅOQÍ =∂#= "Õ∞^èãŒ ∞¨ û#∞ „Ñ¨ÉÏè =O K«∂Ñ¨Ù`«∞#fl <ÕÑ^¨ ºŒä OÖ’ r20 ^ÕâßÅ
qÉèÏQÆOÖ’ ™ê÷#O á⁄OkOk. Pã≤Ü∂« Ö’ J`«ºO`« áÈe# Hõ O Ñ¨ Ó º@~ü # ∞ ~° ∂ á⁄OkOKåÅ<Õ ÃÑ„\’eÜ«∞O âßY =∞O„`«∞Å∞ ã¨=∂"ÕâO◊ HÍ"åÅx
Ç¨Ïi`« #QÆ~O° ™ê÷<åxfl ã≤OQÆÑÓ¨ ~ü ^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞‰õΩOk. âß„ã¨"Î `Õ ÅÎ« „Ñ¨Ü∞« `åflÅ‰õΩ "å@û<£ q[Ü«∞O ã¨∂ÊùiÎ x~° ‚ ~ ÚOKå~° ∞ . „Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« "åºÑ¨ Î O QÍ qq^è Œ
J^èºŒ Ü«∞#OÖ’ áêH˜™ê÷<£ "å}˜[º ~å[^è•x Hõ~åp xzÛO^Œx ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. L`«Ê`«∞ÅÎ ∞, =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ ^è~Œ Ö° ’¡ Jã≤~÷ `° #« ∞ J^Œ∞Ñ¨ÙÖ’
K≥`Î« „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° # ^•fi~å *Ïa`åÖ’ kQÆ∞= ™ê÷#OÖ’ É
„ l
ˇ Öò`À "≥=· ∂xHõ |O^èOŒ LOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞OQÍ Ñ¨~ã° Ê¨ ~° ã¨ÇÏ¨ HÍ~°O
q∞yeáÈ~ÚOk. Pã≤Ü∂« "åºÑÎ̈OQÍ 22 „Ñ¶^¨ •è # ÉèÏ~°`ü-„ÉˇlÖò =∞^èŒº q=∂#Ü«∂# J=ã¨ ~ ° = ∞x „Ñ¨ } Éò Jaè „ áêÜ« ∞ Ñ¨ _ ®¤ ~ ° ∞ .
#QÆ~åÖ’¡ Ñ¨~åº=~°} Ñï~°HõΔ} HÕ^Œ WO^èŒ#O, ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ =∞iO`« "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞ÑïKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ 'JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ Hõ$+≤ KÕ¿ãÎ `«Ñ¨Ê PÇ¨~°
Éèí∂ qxÜ≥∂QÆO, ~°"å}Ï, =º~å÷Å∞, h~°∞, W~° ∞ ^Õ â ßÅ∞ XÑ¨ Ê O^Œ O ‰õ Ω ^Œ ∞ ~° ∞ Û‰õ Ω <åfl~Ú. „^Œ"ÀºÅƒ}O ã¨=∞ã¨º Ñïëê¯~°O HÍ^Œ∞ Jx
áêiâ◊√^ŒúºO, QÍe <å}º`«, Ñ¨~åº=~°} QÆ=Ô~fl<£û WÑ¨Ê\˜=~°‰õΩ "å~°OÖ’ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ™ê~°∞¡ =∂„`«"Õ∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. =º=™êÜ«∞, =º=™êÜ«∂^è•~° ~°OQÍÅ
=O\˜ 8 JOâßÅÃÑ· Hõ#|~°∞ã¨∞Î#fl „â◊^ŒúÃÑ· [~°‡<£ ~åHõáÈHõÅ∞ ™êyã¨∞#Î fl q=∂<åÅ ãÖYº#∞ 21H˜ Jaè=$kúH˜ QÆ}hÜ«∞OQÍ x^è∞Œ Å∞ Hˆ \Ï~ÚOKåeû#
WOlhiOQ∑ ãÖã¨÷ J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕã≤Ok. ÃÑOKåÅx x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ áœ~° J=ã¨~°O LO^Œ<åfl~°∞. PÇ¨~À`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ ^èŒ~°Ö’¡
ÉèÏ~°`-ü [áê<£Å =∞^èºŒ ¿ãfiKåÛù q=∂#Ü«∂# âßY =∞O„u =Ü«∞ÖÏ~ü ~°q, „ÉˇlÖò ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅÃÑ· K«iÛOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ r20 ^ÕâßÅ
"å}˜[º XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO q^ÕâßOQÆ =∞O„u PO\’xÜ≥∂ _ç JQÆ∞º~ü =º=™êÜ«∞âßYÅ =∞O„`«∞Å∞ D "Õ∞ <≥ÅÖ’
Éè Ï ~° ` ü - [áê<£ Å ∞ ¿ãfiKåÛù "å}˜ [ º ÃÑ„\’Üü∞\ÏÅ∞ XÑ¨ÊO^Œ Ñ¨„`åÅÃÑ· ãÖ`«HÍÅ∞ ã¨=∂"ÕâO◊ HÍ#∞<åfl~°∞. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞OQÍ Pi÷Hõ
XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO (ZÑ¶π\ ©U) ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. D KÕâß~°∞. nx „Ñ¨HÍ~°O, U q=∂#Ü«∂# ãÖã¨÷ Jã¨=∂#`«Å#∞ `˘ÅyOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ K«~º° Å
XÑ¨ÊO^ŒOÃÑ· ÉèÏ~°`« "å}˜[º, Ñï„â◊=∞Å =∞O„u J~Ú# D ¿ã=Å#∞ JOkOK«=K«Ûx, J~Ú`Õ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ r20 ^ÕâßÅ∞ XHõ JOwHÍ~åxH˜
P#O^£â~◊ ‡° , [áê<£ q^Õj =º=Ç¨~åÅ =∞O„u Jq 1,600 ã‘@∞¡ Hõey# É’~ÚOQ∑ a-747 =KåÛ~Ú. Pi÷Hõ =∞O„`«∞Å ã¨^ãŒ ∞¨ û J#O`«~O°
Ãã~Úr "≥Ú~Ú Ç¨Ï~åÅ∞ \’HÀºÖ’ Ñ¶„≤ |=i 16# q=∂# ™ê=∞~å÷ºxfl q∞OK«‰õÄ_»^Œx JkèHÍ~° XHõ „Ñ¨H@ õ # q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕâß~Ú. 'qq^èŒ L`«Ê`«∞ÅÎ
ãÖ`«HÍÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞. U„Ñ≤Öò #∞Oz ZÑ¶π\ ©U =~åæÅ∞ `≥eáê~Ú. ^è~Œ Ö° ’¡ <≥ÅH˘#fl f„= Jã≤~÷ `° « ^•x Ñï}Ï=∂ÅÃÑ·
J=∞Ö’¡ H ˜ =ã¨ ∞ Î O k. =ã¨ ∞ Î = ÙÅ∞, ¿ã=Å∞, W~å<£Ö’ JuÃÑ^ŒÌ _®"£∞ K« i ÛOKåO Jaè = $kú K≥ O ^Œ ∞ `« ∞ #fl ^Õ â ßÖ’¡
ÃÑ@∞ì|_»∞Å‰õΩ D XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO =iÎã¨∞ÎOk. nx „Ñ¨ Ñ ¨ O K« O Ö’ JuZ`« Î ~ Ú# =º=™êÜ« ∞ ~° O QÆ O Ö’ n~° … H ÍÅ ÃÑ@∞ì | _» ∞ Å∞
„Ñ¨HÍ~°O =KÕÛ Ñ¨^Õà◊¡Ö’ 94 âß`«O ^≥· fiáêH˜ΔHõ ÉèHí Ü
Î̃ ∂« ~ü_®"£∞#∞ W~å<£Ö’ xi‡OK«_®xH˜ W~å<£ ÃÑ\ÏìÅx Ñ¨Ù#~°∞^•…\ ã˜ ∞¨ <Î åflO— Jx P „Ñ¨H@ õ #Ö’
"å}˜[ºOÃÑ· kQÆ∞=∞u ã¨∞OHÍÅ∞ `˘ÅyáÈ`å~Ú. K≥·<å ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«∞HÀ#∞<åfl~Ú. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~° ∞ . ã¨ O HΔ À Éè Ï Å#∞ `« @ ∞ì ‰ õ Ω <Õ Ö Ï
[áê<£ #∞Oz kQÆ∞=∞`«Ü∞Õ º ZÅ„HÍìxH± =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅÃÑ· W~å<£ "å@~ü JO_£ Ñ¨=~ü i™ÈÔ~ûãπ _≥=ÅÑπ"∞≥ O\ò JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨#÷ ∞ ^Œ$_è`» ~« O° KÕÜ∂« Å<Õ
L#fl Ñ¨k âß`«O kQÆ∞=∞u ã¨∞OHõO ~°^=ÌŒ Ù`«∞Ok. HõOÃÑh ¿Ñ~˘¯#flk. W\©=Å W~å<£ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ =ÓºÇ¨ÏOÃÑ· Pi÷Hõ =∞O„`«∞Å∞ XHõ JOwHÍ~åxH˜
ÉèÏ~°`« B+¨^èŒ"åÅÃÑ· [áê<£ qkèã¨∞Î#fl 4-10 K≥·<å "≥o§ ÉèíH˜ÎÜ«∂~ü _®"£∞ q^Œ∞º`ü „áê*ˇ‰õΩì =zÛ#@∞¡ `≥eáê~°∞. J~Ú`Õ, ÉèÏ~°`ü ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl
âß`«O ã¨∞OHõO ‰õÄ_® `˘eyáÈ`«∞Ok. JÖÏˆQ U~åÊ@∞ ÃÑ· =∞O`«<åÅ∞ [iáê~°∞. JOâßÅ‰õΩ JO^Œ∞Ö’ ÃÑ^ŒQÌ Í „áê^è•#º`« W=fiÖË^∞Œ .
J<ÕHõ W`«~° L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅÃÑ· ‰õÄ_® kQÆ∞=∞u #Å¡^<Œè åxfl J_»∞‰¤ Ωõ <Õ #Å¡^èŒ#O JOâ◊OÃÑ· ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O HÀ~°∞`«∂ Jxfl
ã¨∞OHÍÅ∞ `˘eyáÈ`å~Ú. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î O« W~°∞^ÕâßÅ XÑ¨ÊO^•Å∞ ^ÕâßÅ∞ Ñ¨#∞fl ãÖ|Okè`« ã¨=∂Kå~° =∂iÊ_ç
=∞^è Œ º 1,235 HÀ@¡ _®Å~° ¡ "å}˜ [ ºO XÑ¨ Ê O^•Å‰õ Ω JOwHõ i OKåÅ#fl Éè Ï ~° ` ü
qq^èŒ ^ÕâßÅ =∞^èŒº Ñ¨#∞fl ã¨=∂Kå~° JÉèíº~°÷##∞ Ñ¨\ ì̃OK«∞HÀÖË^Œ∞.
[~°∞QÆ∞`ÀOk. Wk 2015 <å\˜H˜ 2,500 HÀ@¡
=∂iÊ_çH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# 500 XÑ¨ÊO^•Å∞ „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ
_®Å~°¡‰õΩ KÕ~°∞`«∞O^Œx =∞O„u P#O^£â◊~°‡
‰õΩk~åÜ«∞x, JO^Œ∞Ö’ 13 ÉèÏ~°`ü, W`«~° ^ÕâßÅ ‰õΩ@∞O|O
`≥eáê~°∞.
=∞^èŒº KÀ@∞KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åflÜ«∞x ÉèÏ~°`« Pi÷Hõ =∞O„u
=∞#∞+¨μÅ#∞ F_çOz# ã¨∂Ñ¨~ü „Ñ¨}Éò =ÚYs˚ "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. D XÑ¨ÊO^•Å∞ q∞*’~å"£ ∞ ‰õ Ω K≥ O k# XHõ =ºH˜ Î H ˜
HõOÑ¨Óº@~ü Ñ¨ # ∞fl ZQÆ " Õ ` « # ∞, ^Õ â ◊ O #∞Oz #Å¡ ^ è Œ # O „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’<Õ Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ ‰õΩ@∞O|O LOk. J`«xH˜
ScZO ~° ∂ á⁄OkOz# ã¨ ∂ Ñ¨ ~ ü `« ~ ° e OÑ¨ Ù #∞ J_» ∞ ¤ H À=_®xH˜ =∞iO`« 39 =∞Ok ÉèÏ~°ºÅ∞, 94 =∞Ok ãÖ`å#O, 14
HõOÑ¨Óº@~ü "å@û<£ J^Œ~°Q˘\˜ìOk. =∞x+≤, LÑ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ Ñ ¨ _ » ` åÜ« ∞ x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~° ∞ . PÜ« ∂ =∞Ok HÀ_»à◊√¡, 33 =∞Ok =Úx=∞#∞=∞Å∞
Ü«∞O„`åxH˜ =∞^èºŒ [iy# \©g „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° # áÈ\© ^ÕâßÖ’¡x =º‰õΩÎÅ∞, HõOÃÑhÅ Ñ¨#∞fl K≥e¡OÑ¨Ù L<åfl~° ∞ . [Ü≥ ∂ # Kå<å J<Õ D =ºH˜ Î
J~Ú# [Ñ¨sÖ¤ ’ W^Œ~Ì ∞° „Ñ¨`º« ~°∞Å÷ #∞ J=bÅQÍ ã¨=∂Kå~°O, ÉÏºO‰õΩ JH“O@¡ q=~åÅ∞ Ñ¨~ã° Ê¨ ~°O q∞*’~å"£ ∞ Ö’x ÉÏHõ \ ÏfiOQ∑ „QÍ=∞OÖ’x
F_çOKÕã≤Ok. `«∞káÈ\©Ö’ ~°∂.35 ÅHõΔÅ#∞ JO^Œ*Ëã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ J=HÍâ◊O HõeÊOKÕ D `«~°Ç¨ H˘O_» Ö ’¡ Q Æ Å 100 QÆ ^ Œ ∞ Å <åÅ∞QÆ O `« ã ¨ ∞ ÷ Å
Ô Q Å∞K« ∞ HÀ=@"Õ ∞ HÍ^Œ ∞ . ~° ∂ . 4.5 HÀ@¡ XÑ¨ÊO^•Å#∞ ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞ÛHÀ=_®xH˜ =ºuˆ~H˜ã¨∞Î#fl Éèí=OuÖ’ x=ã≤ã¨∞ÎO\Ï_»∞.
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 33

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 ^•i¡Ñë¡, QÆ*ò=∂~å, ÉÏÔ~u, y_≥~üÉÏÇ¨, Hõ`«fi, *’<£ - DZãπ [ _£ ) U~åÊ@∞ KÕ Ü « ∂ Åx
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
^ÕjÜ«∞ JOâßÅ∞
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678 ^Œ∞=~°O, Hõ~Àæ<Õ, Ñ¨Ù_ç=∞_»Hõ, ÉˇÖÏ›~ü, Hõ^äŒ∞= x~°‚~ÚOzOk. Wq PÜ«∂ ~°H˜Δ`« „áêO`åÅ‰õΩ
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678
„áê*ˇ‰Ωõ Åì ∞ L<åfl~Ú. g\˜x 12, 13= ÑÖK« Ç¨x HõÅ∞QÆ‰õΩO_® 'ëêH± JÉÏ˚~°ƒ~°∞¡—QÍ Ñ¨x
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å á„ êux^èºŒ OÖ’ =∞#k =~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ HÍÅOÖ’ Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕÜ∂« Åx ÅHõΔ ºOQÍ KÕ™êÎÜ∞« x ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok. Hˆ O„^ŒO ~°∂á⁄OkOz# H˘`«Î
98= ™ê÷#O ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. x|O^è#Œ Å q=~åÅ∞ :
ÉˇOQÆà¥◊ ~°∞Ö’ Z~Ú~À Ñ¨~åº=~°} ã¨∞xfl`« „áêO`åÅ (DZãπ[_£)
~å[H©Ü«∂Ö’¡ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å „áêux^èŒºOÖ’ ÑïkèÖ’ QÆ#∞Å `«=fiHõO, ~°OÑÖ q∞Å∞¡Å∞,
ÉèÏ~°`kü 98= ™ê÷#O. D q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ á⁄~°∞QÆ∞ WO_çÜ«∂-2011 Ñï„â◊=∞Å U~åÊ@∞, "å}˜[º J=ã¨~åÅ‰õΩ
^ÕâßÖˇ·# áêH˜™ê÷<£, <ÕáêÖò =∞#HõO>Ë #Ü«∞O. Zxq∞^À Z~Ú~À WO_çÜ«∂-2011 =O@ K≥~°‰õΩ#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«_»O, ÉèÏs
Ö’H±ã¨ÉèíÖ’ 10.8 ~å[ºã¨ÉèíÖ’ 10.3 âß`«O „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° # ÉˇOQÆà¥◊ ~°∞Ö’x Ü«∞ÅÇ¨ÏOHõ =^ŒÌ Ñ¶„≤ |=i [Åq^Œ∞º`ü „áê*ˇ‰Ωõ Åì x~å‡}ÏÅ∞ x¿+^èOŒ .
=∂„`«"Õ∞ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ „áêux^èŒºO LOk. WO@~ü 9# „áê~°OÉè"í ∞≥ Oÿ k. D „Ñ¨^~Œ ≈° # ~°H}
Δõ ÑïHõ~åÅ ~°H˜Δ`« „áêO`åÅÃÑ· #∞Oz q=∂<åÅ∞,
áê~° ¡ " ≥ ∞ O@s Ü« ¸ xÜ« ∞ <£ (SÑ‘ Ü « ¸ ) =∂Ô~¯\òÖ’ ÉèÏ~°`« ™ê÷~Úx ÃÑOK«∞`«∞O^Œx, ÃÑ^ŒÌ "Õ_çQÍe |∞_»QÆÖ’¡ PHÍâ◊Ü«∂#O KÕ¿ã
~° ∂ á⁄OkOz# *Ïa`å „Ñ¨ H Í~° O =∞Ç≤ Ï àÏ B\ò ™ÈiûOQ∑ ˆ H O„^Œ O QÍ J=`« i ã¨ ∞ Î O ^Œ x Ñ¨~åº@Hõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞ KÕÑ¨@ì‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
„áêux^èŒºOÖ’ ~°∞"åO_® "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™ê÷#OÖ’ ~°HõΔ}=∞O„u UˆH PO\’x ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. `Õ[ãπ [Å =#~° ∞ Ö’¡ ~° ™ êÜ« ∞ <åÅ∞, Ñ¶ ¨ ∞ #
xezOk. ~°∞"åO_® ZQÆ∞= ã¨ÉÖíè ’ 34 âß`«O, =∂~ü¯-2 `ÕeHõáê\˜ Ü«Ú^Œú q=∂#O 2015 =º~å÷Å#∞ HõÅ∞Ñ¨‰Äõ _»^∞Œ .
kQÆ∞= ã¨ÉèíÖ’ 56 âß`«O =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ K≥@∞¡ H˘@ì‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. =º=™êÜ«∞ Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Ö’¡
<å\˜H˜ ~°∂á⁄O^Œ∞`«∞O^Œ<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨^Œ~°≈#Ö’ 40
LP#fl~°∞. ~Ô O_À ™ê÷#OÖ’ ã‘fi_»<£ (45 âß`«O), ^ÕâßÅ∞ áêÖÁæ<åfl~Ú. ÉèÏs =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕÑ¨@ì‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
=¸_À ™ê÷#OÖ’ ^ŒH˜Δ}Ï„Ñ¶≤HÍ (44.5 âß`«O) Éèí∂QÆ~°ƒù [ÖÏxfl `À_»@O ã¨Ç¨, ã¨Ç¨Ï[
xeKå~Ú. =∞# á⁄~°∞QÆ∞ ^ÕâßÖ’¡ <ÕáêÖò 18= `«q∞à◊<å_»∞Ö’ =¸„`« ÉÏºO‰õΩ h\˜ =#~°∞ÅÅ#∞ "å}˜[º J=ã¨~åÅ‰õΩ
™ê÷#OÖ’#∞, áêH± 51= ™ê÷#OÖ’#∞, |OQÍ¡^âÕ ò „áê~°OÉèíO "å_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
65= ™ê÷#OÖ’#∞ L<åfl~Ú. ™œn Jˆ~aÜ«∂, Ç¨ÏŸ@à◊√¡, q_çk ˆHO„^•Å#∂ U~åÊ@∞
^Õ â ◊ O Ö’<Õ `˘e =¸„`« ÉÏºO‰õ Ω
Y`å~ü, X=∞<£ ã¨Ç¨ Ñ¨<≥flO_»∞ ^ÕâßÖ’¡<≥·`Õ KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
`«q∞à◊<å_»∞Ö’ u~°∞zÛH˜ 35 H˜.g∞. ^Œ∂~°OÖ’x
~å[H©Ü«∂Ö’¡ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ „áêux^èŒºO Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ =Úã≤i „QÍ=∞OÖ’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. „QÍ=∞ã¨∞ÎÅ ÉèÏ~°`« z<åfl~°∞ÅÃÑ· Ü«¸xÃãÑ¶π
â◊¥#ºO. #∞Oz =¸„`åxfl ¿ãHõiOK«_»O nx ÅHõΔ ºO. x"ÕkHõ "≥Å_¡ ç
^äŒ~°‡Öò áê¡O\òû HÀãÖ H˘`«Î Ñ¨=~ü =¸„`åxfl â◊√kÌKÕã≤ =i, J~°\ ˜ ÑÖ@Å‰õΩ
ÉèÏ~°`üÖ’ H“=∂~° =Ü«∞ã¨∞ ÉÏeHõÅ
áêÅã‘ qxÜ≥∂yOKÕ q^è•#O [~°‡h, K≥<· åÖ’ J=∞Ö’¡
Éèíq+¨º`ü |`«∞‰õΩ z„`«O U=∂„`«O ÉÏQÍÖË^Œx
LOk. nxfl WHõ¯_» ‰õÄ_® J=∞Å∞ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ
Hˆ O„^Œ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO [#=i S^Œ∞# H˘`«Î S~åã¨ J#∞|O^èŒ ãÖã¨÷ Ü«¸xÃãÑ¶π x"ÕkHõ
Ñïâ’^è#Œ Å∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. _èbç ¡ SS\©, ™È¯Ñπ
^ä~Œ ‡° Öò q^Œ∞º`ü q^è•<åxfl P"≥∂kOzOk. ~å„ëêìÅ `ÕeÛOk. H“=∂~°OÖ’ áÈ+¨Hõ Ö’ÑÖ`À |~°∞=Ù
ã¨fiK«ÛOù ^Œ ãÖã¨÷ ãÖÜ«ÚHõOÎ QÍ ÉÏºO‰õΩ#∞ U~åÊ@∞
P^è Œ fi ~° º OÖ’ xi‡OK« É ’ÜÕ ∞ „áê*ˇ ‰ õ Ω ì Å ‰õ Ω `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»@O, ÉÏÅº q"åÇ¨Å∞, =∂`«$`«fi
KÕâß~Ú.
„áê*ˇ‰õΩìÅ‰õΩ D áêÅã‘ =iÎã¨∞ÎOk. H˘`«Î q^è•#O =∞~°}ÏÅ∞ =O\˜ =~°∞ã¨ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ q+¨=ÅÜ«∞OÖ’
q^Œ∞º`ü ÑÖÑ≤}˜ÃÑ· U~åÊ>ÿ̌# QÍ_çæÖò á¶ê~°∞‡ÖÏ#∞ 2.8 HÀ@¡ É’QÆãπ HÍ~°∞¤Å∞ ~°^Œ∞Ì ‰õÄ~°∞‰õΩáÈ`«∞<åfl~°x P x"ÕkHõ ¿Ñ~˘¯Ok.
u~°Q~Æ åã≤Ok. „áê*ˇ‰Ωõ ì L#fl ~å„ëêìxH˜ 50 âß`«O, ^Õâ◊ "åºÑ¨ÎOQÍ AÖˇ· 2006 #∞Oz ''„Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ Ñïã≤u÷ -2011 (ZãπF_»|∂¡ ºã‘)——
35 âß`«O P „áêO`«OÖ’ U~åÊ>ˇÿ# W`«~° WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰Äõ 2.8 HÀ@¡ É’QÆãπ ~ˆ +¨<£ HÍ~°∞Å¤ #∞ ¿Ñi@ Ü«¸xÃãÑ¶π ~°∂á⁄OkOz# x"ÕkHõ#∞
ãÖã¨÷Å‰õΩ, 15 âß`«O ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ ~°^Œ∞Ì KÕã≤#@∞ì ˆHO„^Œ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO `≥eÑ≤Ok. #∂º_è ç b ¡ Ö ’ q_» ∞ ^Œ Å KÕ â ß~° ∞ . WO^Œ ∞ Ö’x
K≥O^Œ∞`«∞Ok. J`«ºkèHõOQÍ Ñ¨tÛ=∞ ÉˇOQÍÖ’¡ 59.67 ÅHõΔÅ∞ =ÚMÏºOâßÅ∞ WÖÏ L<åfl~Ú.
Ñ¨<fl≥ O_À ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHÍ HÍÅ"≥∞#ÿ ~°^ŒÌÜ«∂ºÜ«∞x PÇ¨~°O, áœ~°ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~åÅ âßY H“=∂~° =Ü«∞ã¨∞ ÉÏeHõÅ [<åÉèÏÖ’
2012-17Ö’QÍ XHõ ÅHõΔ "≥∞QÍ"å@¡ q^Œ∞º`ü =∞O„u ÔH.q.^ä•=∞ãπ "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞. ÉèÏ~°`ük „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’<Õ J„QÆ™ê÷#O.
L`åÊ^Œ# KÕÜ∂« Åx ÅHõΔ ºOQÍ ÃÑ@∞ì‰Ωõ Ok. QÍ_çÖæ ò ^Õ â ◊ O Ö’x D =Ü« ∞ ã¨ ∞ ÉÏeHõ Ö ’¡
Ñ¨~åº=~°} ~°H}
Δõ ‰õΩ DZãπ[_£ ã¨QÍxHõ<åfl Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ 56%=∞OkÖ’
á¶ê~°∞‡ÖÏ HÕ^Œ áê¡O\ò L#fl ~å„+ì̈O 10 âß`åxfl
`«# „áê^è•#ºO L#fl ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ W"˘fiK«∞Û. 75 *ÏfÜ«∞ áê~°∞¯Å∞, =#º=∞$QÆ ãÖ~°H} Δõ ~°HõÎÇ‘Ï#`« ã¨=∞ã¨º.
ˆ H O„^•Å Ñ¨ i kè Ö ’ Jaè = $kú ¿Ñi@ KÕ Ñ ¨ > Ë ì 43% =∞OkH˜ 18 Uà◊√¡ xO_»‰Ωõ O_®<Õ
âß`«O áê¡O\ò U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ ã¨ÇÏ¨ HõiOz# ~å„ëêìÅ‰õΩ
(áê¡O\ò L#fl ~å„+ì̈O ã¨Ç¨ ), q∞ye#k Hˆ O„^Œ HÍ~° º Hõ Ö Ïáêefl x~Àkè O KåÅx ˆ H O„^Œ O ÃÑo¡ à ◊ ¡ = Ù`« ∞ O_» Q Í, JO^Œ ∞ Ö’ ã¨ Q Æ O
„Ñ¨É∞íè `åfixH˜ K≥O^Œ∞`«∞Ok. x~°‚~ÚOzOk. "å\˜ ÑïkèÖ’ Ñ¨~åº=~°}ÏxH˜ =∞OkHõ<åfl Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok =Ü≥∂[#∞Å∞
„Ñ¨ ã ¨ ∞ Î ` « O x~å‡}OÖ’ L#fl 14 Ç¨x `«ÅÃÑ>Ëì K«~º° efl J_»∞‰¤ Ωõ <ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ¨~åº=~°} HÍ‰õΩO_®<Õ a_»‰¤ Ωõ [#‡xã¨∞<Î åfl~°∞. giÖ’
=∞O„u`«fiâßY H˘`«Î x|O^è#Œ efl ~°∂á⁄OkOzOk. U\Ï 6 "ÕÅ =∞Ok =∞~°}O.
áê¡ O \ò Å ‰õ Ω H˘`« Î áêÅã‘ J=∞Å=Ù`« ∞ Ok.
*ÏfÜ«∞ áê~°∞¯Å∞, =#º=∞$QÆ ˆHO„^•Å K«∞@∂ì WÖÏO\˜ Ñ¨ i ã≤ ÷ u Éè Ï ~° ` ü # ∞ Jaè = $kú
QÆ^Œ~åfi~å, ÖÏ~å, `åÖËÛ~ü J#∞|O^èŒO, ‰õΩ_çæ,
Ñ¨~åº=~°} ã¨∞xfl`« „áêO`åÅ#∞ (ZHÀ Ããxû\˜"£ K≥O^Œx HÍOQÀ, |∞i¯<åá¶ê™È, yxÜ«∂
34 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

=O\˜ ^ÕâßÅ x~°ã#¨ xÅÉˇ_∞» `ÀOk. ÃÑ~°Q#Æ ∞#fl ÑÖ_»,¡ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å [O`«∞ Ç≤ÏOã¨ x~À^èŒHõ K«@ìO-1960 ™ê÷#OÖ’
15 #∞Oz 19 =∞^èºŒ =Ü«∞ã¨∞#fl H“=∂~° L`«ÊuÎ [O`«∞ ãÖˆHΔ=∞ K«@ìO -2011 J=∞Å∞Ö’H˜
ÉÏeHõÖ’¡ 47% =∞Ok `«‰Ωõ ¯= |~°∞=Ù`À =ã¨∞ÎOk.
WO_çÜ∂« Ö’ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å L`«ÊuÎ P~°∞
LO@∂, ã¨ É ò ã ¨ Ç ¨  ~å P„Ñ¶ ≤ H Í ^Õ â ßÅ =∞ÖËãÜ
≤ ∂« `À#∂ ¿ãfiKåÛù
™ê÷~Úx ^•>Ëâß~°∞. âß`« O , Ñ¨ O _» ¡ L`« Ê uÎ S^Œ ∞ âß`« O QÆ ` «
15-19 Uà◊¡ =∞^èºŒ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ ÉÏÅ∞~°Ö’ ãÖ=`«û~°OHõO>Ë D ãÖ=`«û~°O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å}˜[º XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO
30% =∞O^Õ ~° H õ Î Ç ‘ Ï #`« ` À ÉÏ^è Œ LO@∞O^Œx áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O@∞‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞KÕ™ê~°∞. Hˆ O„^Œ
=º=™êÜ«∞ âßY ¿ãì\ò =∞O„u J~°∞}üÜ«∂^Œ"£ =∞ÖËãÜ≤ ∂« `À#∂ ÉèÏ~°`ü ¿ãfiKåÛù "å}˜[º
Ñ¨_∞» `«∞O_»QÍ, ÉÏeHõÖ’¡ =∂„`«O 56% XÑ¨ÊO^•xfl Ñ≤„|=i 18# ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞Û‰õΩOk.
=∞OkÖ’ ã¨=∞ã¨º LOk. Ö’H±ã¨Éèí‰õΩ ed`«Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ ã¨=∂^è•#O Wã¨∂Î
2009-10Ö’ ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å L`«ÊuÎ 133.5 =∞ÖËãÜ≤ ∂« „Ñ¨^•è x #rÉò ~°*ÏH± ã¨=∞HõOΔ Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`«
áÈ+¨ H õ Ö’Ñ¨ O `À, ~° H õ Î Ç ‘ Ï #`« ` À "å}˜[º =∞O„u P#O^£ â◊~‡° , =∞ÖËãÜ ≤ ∂« "å}˜[º
ÉÏ^è Œ Ñ ¨ _ » ∞ `« ∞ #fl ÉÏeHõ Å ∞ |_ç x q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ∞ J~Ú`Õ 2010-11Ö’ 141.3
Ñï„â◊=∞Å =∞O„u =Úã¨Îá¶ê =∞Ç¨Ï‡^£Å∞ D
=kÖË Ü « ∞ @O, `˘O^Œ ~ ° Q Í ÃÑo¡ à ◊ √ ¡ q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ"Õ∞~° LO@∞O^Œx `≥eáê~°∞.
XÑ¨ÊO^ŒOÃÑ· ãÖ`«HÍÅ∞ KÕâß~°∞. W\©=ÖË ÉèÏ~°`ü
KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_»O „Ñ¨^•è # ã¨=∞ã¨ºQÍ xÑ¨Ù}∞Å∞ JÖÏˆQ ÑÖ_»¡ L`«ÊuÎ 72.2 q∞eÜ«∞<£ @#∞flÅ
[áê<£`À WÖÏO\˜ XÑ¨ÊO^•xfl ‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞Û‰õΩ#fl
K≥|∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. #∞Oz S^Œ∞ âß`«O ÃÑiy 75.7 q∞eÜ«∞<£
q+¨Ü∞« O `≥eã≤O^Õ. EÖˇ· 1 #∞Oz J=∞Ö’¡H˜
^ÕâO◊ Ö’ ¿Ñ^ŒÑÅ≤ Ö¡ ’¡ 57% =∞Ok `«‰Ωõ ¯= @#∞flÅ‰õΩ KÕ~°#∞<åfl~Ú. ÑÖ_»∞¡, ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å
=KÕ Û D XÑ¨ Ê O^Œ O Ö’ Éè Ï QÆ O QÍ Éè Ï ~° ` ü ,
|~° ∞ =Ù`À ÉÏ^è Œ Ñ ¨ _ » ∞ `« ∞ O_» Q Í, ^è Œ x Hõ L`«ÊuÎÖ’ WO_çÜ∂« „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ ~Ô O_À ™ê÷#OÖ’
=∞ÖËãÜ ≤ ∂« Å∞ `«=∞ =∞^èºŒ [iˆQ "å}˜[ºOÖ’ 90
z<åfl~°∞Ö’¡ 20% =∞OkÖ’ =∂„`«"Õ∞ LOk. 2008-09Ö’ ÑÖ_»¡ L`«ÊuÎÖ’ 0.69
âß`åxH˜ ÃÑ· Q Í =ã¨ ∞ Î = ÙÅÃÑ· ã¨ ∞ OHÍÅ#∞
ã¨=∞ã¨º. âß`«O, ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å L`«ÊuÎÖ’ 1.69 âß`«O,
`˘Åy™êÎ~Ú. D XÑ¨ÊO^ŒO`À ÉèÏ~°`« ¿ã=Å
ÃÇÏKüSg =∞~À ÃÑ^ŒÌ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒO. ÉÏÅ∞i`À ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å L`«ÊuÎÖ’ 1.69 âß`«O WO_çÜ∂«
áÈe¿ãÎ ÉÏeHõÖ’¡<Õ D =ÚÃÑÊ‰õΩ¯=. ~°OQÍxH˜ ÉÏQÍ „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[<åÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`å~Ú.
#∞Oz ZQÆ∞=∞u J~ÚOk.
ÃÇÏKü S g/ Z~Ú_£ û QÆ ∞ iOz 35% JH“O\ÕQ∑, P_ç\ ÕQ∑, Pi¯>ˇHõÛ~ü, J~°ƒ<£
ÉÏÅ∞~°‰õΩ J=QÍÇ¨Ï# LO_»QÍ, 28%
`«fi~°Ö’ [O`«∞ ãÖˆHΔ=∞ K«@ìO áê¡xOQ∑, WO[hiOQ∑, "≥∞_çHõÖò, _≥O@Öò, S\©,
ÉÏeHõÅHˆ nx QÆ∞iOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞. Éè Ï ~° ` « ^ Õ â ◊ O Ö’ "≥ · ^ Œ º Ñ¨ i â’^è Œ # Ö’¡ "Õ∞<Õ*ò"≥∞O\ò Hõ#ûÖˇìhû ã¨sfiÃããπ ~°OQÍÅ∞
Éè Ï QÆ O QÍ „Ñ¨ Ü ≥ ∂ QÆ â ßÅÖ’¡ =#º„áê}∞ÅÃÑ· =∞ÖË + ≤ Ü « ∂ Ö’ „Ñ¨ " Õ t OK« _ ®xH˜ J=HÍâ◊
ÃãÖò @=~°‰¡ Ωõ ™œ~°q^Œ∞º`ü [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl Ç≤ÏOã¨ÃÑ· W\©=Å Ç¨e=Ù_£ `å~° =ÚO@∞Ok. P~ÀQÆ º O, >ˇ e HÍO, i>ˇ ÿ Ö ò ,
yi[# „áêO`åÅ∞, H˘O_» „áêO`åÖ’¡ áê"≥∞ÖÏ JO_»~°û<£ KÕã≤# PO^Àà◊#ÃÑ· ÉèÏ~°`« Ñ¨~åº=~°} ~°OQÍÖ’¡x W~°∞ ^ÕâßÅ HõOÃÑhÅ∞
U~åÊ@∞ KÕ ¿ ã ÃãÖò @=~° ¡ ‰ õ Ω ™œ~° q ^Œ ∞ º`ü „Ñ¨ É è í ∞ `« fi O ã¨ Ê OkOzOk. [O`« ∞ =ÙÅÃÑ· *Ï~ÚO\ò "≥ O K« ~ ° ∞ ¡ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ Ü « ∞ =K« ∞ Û.
JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’H˜ `Õ=_»O ^•fi~å D „áêO`åÖ’¡ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ QÍÅ#∞ xÜ«∞O„`«} KÕÜ∞« \ÏxH˜ Hˆ O„^ŒO WO[hiOQ∑ =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ∞, ~°™êÜ«∞<åÅ∞, =∞ÖË+Ü ≤ ∂«
"≥ Ú Éˇ · Ö ò á¶ È #∞¡ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ ¿ ã J=HÍâ◊ O XHõ aÅ∞¡#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOzOk. [O`«∞ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ #∞Oz KÒHõQÍ ÉèÏ~°`‰ü Ωõ kQÆ∞=∞u J=Ù`å~Ú.
U~°Ê_»∞`«∞O^Œx „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO ÉèÏqã¨∞Î#flk. D K«@Oì 2011QÍ Ñ≤Å=|_Õ D K«@Oì [O`«∞=ÙÅÃÑ· ZxflHõÖ’¡ JÉèíº~°∞÷Å „Ñ¨Kå~°
q+¨Ü«∂xfl ~å[ºã¨Éèí‰õΩ ed`« Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ QÍÅ∞ KÕ¿ã ãÖã¨Å÷ ÃÑ,· =º‰õΩÅÎ ÃÑ· Ñ¨~º° "ÕH}Δõ , Y~°∞ÛÅ∞ ÃÑOÑ¨Ù
`≥eÜ«∞KÕ™ê~°∞. H˘xfl ~å„ëêìÖ’¡ q^Œ∞º`ü H˘~°`« xÜ«∞O„`«}‰õΩ gÅ∞QÍ XHõ Hõq∞\© xÜ«∂=∞HÍxH˜ áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞, JÃãOc¡ ZxflHõÖ’¡ áÈ\©
gÅ∞ HõeÊã¨∞ÎOk. D Hõq∞\©Ö’ JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, KÕ¿ã JÉèíº~°∞÷Å „Ñ¨Kå~° Y~°∞ÛÅ Ñïq∞ux
LO_»@O =Å¡ "≥ÚÉˇÖ· ò @=~°¡ U~åÊ@∞ Ñ¨xf~°∞#∞
J#kèHÍ~°∞Å∞, ˆHO„^Œ [O`«∞ „Ñ¨^Œ~°≈#âßÅ ÃÑOK« ∞ `« ∂ ˆ H O„^Œ O x~° ‚ Ü « ∞ O fã¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok.
P@OHÍÅ∞ U~° Ê _» ∞ `« ∞ <åflÜ« ∞ x J<åfl~° ∞ . JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, "≥@~°fls H“xûÖò PÑ¶π WO_çÜ«∂, áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞ xÜ≥∂[=~åæÖ’¡ „Ñ¨Kå~° Y~°∞Û#∞
W#Êùˆ~‡+¨<£ >ˇHÍflÅr, >ˇeHõ=¸ºxˆH+¨<£û ¿ãì\ò [O`«∞ ãÖHˆ =Δ ∞ ãÖã¨Å÷ ã¨É∞íè ºÅ∞ LO\Ï~°∞. H˜x¡ HõÖò ~°∂.40 ÅHõΔÅ‰õΩ ÃÑOK«QÍ JÃãOc¡ ™ê÷<åÖ’¡
=∞O„u ã¨z<£ ÃÑ·Öˇ\ò D q+¨Ü«∞O K≥áêÊ~°∞. Ñ¨sHõÅΔ ∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞#Î fl x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# `«~åfi`« ‰õÄ_® Y~°∞Û#∞ ~°∂. 16 ÅHõÅΔ ‰õΩ ÃÑOzOk. D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ
Xi™êûÖ’ yi[# „áêO`åÖ’¡ U~åÊ@∞ KÕã#≤ 604 [O`«∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ ZÖÏO\˜ Ç¨x HõÅ∞QÆ ‰õΩO_® ˆHO„^Œ <åºÜ«∞âßY <À\˜Ñ¶≤ˆH+¨<£ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã≤Ok.
@=~°¡‰õΩ WÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH ™œ~° q^Œ∞º`ü JOkã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. LO_Õ@@∞¡ D Hõq∞\© xs‚`« „Ñ¨=∂}ÏÅ#∞ WÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰õÄ D Y~°∞ÛÅ QÆi+¨ì Ñïq∞u
*Ï~°öO_£, Kè«fÎãπQÆ_è£ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® J^Õ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O ã¨∂zã¨∞ÎOk. JO`ÕHÍHõ D =Ú™ê~Ú^• aÅ∞¡ áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞‰õΩ ~°∂.25 ÅHõΔÅ∞QÍ, JÃãOc¡H˜
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. *Ï~°Oö _£Ö’x 98 âß`«O „QÍg∞Ö’¡ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O [O`«∞=ÙÅÃÑ· „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÍÅ∞ KÕ¿ã"å~°∞ ~°∂.10 ÅHõΔÅ∞QÍ L<åfl~Ú. ˆHO„^Œ ZxflHõÅ
„QÍg∞} >ˇeá¶È<£ Hõ<≥HõΔ#∞¡ JO^ŒKÕ™ê=∞x, `å=Ú [iÑ≤# „Ñ¨Ü≥∂QÍÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz Hõq∞+¨<`£ À ãÖ„Ñ¨kOÑ¨ÙÅ J#O`«~O° „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO
q=~åÅ#∞ iHÍ~°∞¤ KÕÜ∂« eû LO@∞Ok. HÍQÍ D x~° ‚ Ü « ∞ O fã¨ ∞ ‰õ Ω Ok. J~Ú`Õ ã≤ H ˜ ¯ O,
™ê\˜Ö\·ˇ ò á¶È#¡ ™œHõ~åºxfl ‰õÄ_® JO^ŒK™Õ êÎ=∞x
x|O^è#Œ Å#∞ Ju„Hõq∞Oz# ãÖã¨Å÷ ‰õΩ, =º‰õΩÅÎ ‰õΩ J~°∞}ÏK«Öò„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖÖ’ áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞ JÉèíº~°∞÷Å
`≥eáê~°∞. "≥ÚÉˇÖ· ò >ˇeá¶È<£Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯= HÍ=_»O Y~°∞Û#∞ K≥~À ~°∂.27 ÅHõÅΔ ∞QÍ, QÀ"åÖ’ ~°∂.22
[i=∂<åÅ`À áê@∞, *ˇ · Å ∞ tHõ Δ # ∞ ‰õ Ä _®
=Å¡ ÖÏO_£Ö<·ˇ £ ãÖYº `«yáæ È`«∞O^Œ#fl q+¨Ü∂« xfl qkèOKåÅx aÅ∞¡ =Ú™ê~Ú^•Ö’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. ÅHõÅΔ ∞, =∞}˜ÑÓ¨ ~ü, "Õ∞Ñ¶∂¨ ÅÜ«∂ÅÖ’ K≥~À ~°∂.35
PÜ«∞# QÆ∞~°∞Î KÕ™ê~°∞. 2004 >ˇeá¶È<£ Jk 66 „ÑüáêkOz# D =Ú™ê~Ú^• aÅ∞¡ áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O@∞ ÅHõ Δ Å ∞QÍ, q∞*’~° O Ö’ ~° ∂ .32 ÅHõ Δ Å ∞QÍ
âß`åxH˜ ÃÑiyO^Œx `≥eáê~°∞. P"≥∂^ŒO á⁄Ok`Õ „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O J=∞Å∞Ö’ L#fl x~°‚~ÚOzOk.
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 35

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
APPSC ASSISTANT ENGINEERS &

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
Asst. Chemical Examiners

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
GENERAL STUDIES
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
Exam Held On: 20-03-2011
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901
1. =∞Ç¨`«‡QÍOnè "≥Ú@ì"Ú≥ ^Œ\ ˜ U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# ^ŒH}Δ˜ P„Ñ¶H≤ Í‰õΩ "≥àÏ§_»∞? 12. WO_çÜ∞« <£ Z~Ú~üÖ<·ˇ û£ U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞? (2)
1) 1914 2) 1919 (3) 1) 1947 2) 1953
3) 1893 4) 1920 3) 1952 4) 1956
2. ÉèÏ~°`« ~å*ÏºOQÆ=ÚÖ’ ÑÖKå~Úf~å*ò#∞ QÆ∂iÛ U „Ñ¨Hõ~°}=ÚÖ’ 13. <ÒHõ^àŒ O◊ ÑïÉèÏ+¨Ö’ 'Sea-dog' J#QÍ <Õq∞? (3)
`≥eÜ«∞KÕã≤<å~°∞? (3) 1) <ÒHõÖ’ tHõ}Δ Ö’ L#fl ‰õΩHõ¯
1) 20 2) 30 2) ã¨=Ú„^ŒOÖ’ x=ã≤OK«∞ H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ ‰õΩHõ¯Å∞
3) 40 4) 16 3) J#∞Éè=í O Hõey# <åq‰õΩ_»∞
3. =∂#=Ùx Hõ_∞» Ñ¨ÙÖ’ QÆÅ Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ J=Ü«∞==Ú Uk? (1) 4) J#∞Éè=í O Hõey# <åÜ«∞‰õΩ_»∞
1) HÍÖËÜ∞« =Ú 2) =¸„`«ÑO≤ _»=Ú 14. =∂#=j~°OÖ’ q@q∞<£ 'ã≤—Ö’ÑÖ =Å# =KÕÛ [|∞ƒ Uq∞? (2)
3) Ñ‘Ç¡ Ï¨ O 4) Uq HÍ=Ù 1) <≥"∂≥ xÜ«∞ 2) ã¨¯~ˆ fi"åºkè
4. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# „uÑ¨Ù~° ~åR ã¨fiÜ«∞O áêÅ# Hõey#k? (3) 3) =∂ÖËiÜ«∂ 4) =¸~°Û~ÀQÆO
1) 1962 2) 1970 15. U ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÖ’ `å*ò=∞Ç¨Öò Hõ@_ì =» Ú „áê~°OÉè"í ∞≥ #ÿ k? (4)
3) 1972 4) 1969 1) 1938 2) 1731
5. Pâ’‰õΩ_»∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ `«O„_ç? (2) 3) 1653 4) 1631
1) ã¨∞^À^è#Œ 2) aO^Œ∞™ê~å 16. ã¨fi`«O„`« ã¨=∞~°OÖ’ 'Éè~í `° « YO_»=Ú K«H¯õ x áê_ç P=Ù—#∞ Qˆ Ü«∂x „"åã≤#
3) aOa™ê~å 4) g~° Pâ’H± "å~°∞ Z=~°∞? (3)
6. "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ÉèÏs q^Œ∞º`ü HÍ~å‡QÍ~°O ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ZHõ¯_» ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞?(4) 1) ~°Ñ∞¨¶ Ñü "≥OHõ„\Ï=∂<åÜ«Ú_»∞
1) Éè’áêÖò 2) z\òQÍOQ∑ 2) QÆi"≥∞Å¡ ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}
3) H˘ÅHõ`åÎ 4) Éè„í ^ŒHÍ 3) zÅHõ=∞iÎ ÅH©Δ ‡#~°ãO≤ Ç¨ÏO
7. "≥Ú^Œ\˜ J}∞[ÖÏO`«~åæq∞ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ Z=i ã¨ÇÏ¨ HÍ~°O`À U~°Ê_ç#k? 4) =∞^Œ∞iÌ J#flÑ¨Ó~°Ü ‚ ∞« º
1) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ.q„HÍ`ü 2) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ.q„Hõ"∞£ (3) 17. SHõº~å[º ã¨q∞u 2009 ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú#∞ U JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚQÍ
„Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕzOk? (1)
3) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ. K«„HÍ 4) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ. HõàÏº}˜
1) Éè∫QÀà◊âß„ãÖÎ 2) ¿Ñ^ŒiHõ x~°∂‡Å#
8. „Ñ¨ã∞¨ `Î « QÆ~ÚrÖÏ¡ „áêp# *Ï#Ñ¨^Œ qÉèÏQÆOÖ’ U=∞x Ñ≤eKÕ"å~°∞? (3) 3) f„="å^Œ x~°∂‡Å# 4) âßOu
1) JÜ≥∂^èºŒ 2) =∞QÆ^Œè 18.. =ãÖ`« |∞∞`«∞=Ù U <≥ÅÖ’ =ã¨∞OÎ k? (2)
3) H˘ã¨Å 4) J=Ou 1) [#=i, Ñ¶„≤ |=i 2) =∂iÛ, U„Ñ≤Öò
9. „|Ç¨Ï‡Ñ¨Ù„`« #kx =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (3) 3) #=O|~°∞, _çÃãO|~°∞ 4) JHÀì|~°∞, #=O|~°∞
1) JuÃÑ^ŒÌ #k 2) z#fl #k 19. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ nfiÑÖ Uk? (3)
3) ^Œ∞óYO #k 4) `«∂~°∞Ê #k 1) SãπÖÏO_£ 2) JO_»=∂<£ xHÀÉÏ~ü nfiÑÖ
10. k ZÅ„HÍìxH±û HÍ~ÀÊˆ~+¨<£ PÑ¶π WO_çÜ«∂ eq∞>ˇ_£ (ECIL) U 3) „w<£ nfiÑÖ 4) Ñ¶<≤ £ ÖÏO_£ nfiÑÖ
ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# <≥ÅH˘eÊ<å~°∞? (2) 20. ÉèHí [Îõ Ü«∞^Õ= U âß`åÉÏúH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# "å~°∞? (1)
1) 1957 2) 1967 1) 12= â◊`å|úO 2) 13= â◊`å|úO
3) 1959 4) 1971 3) 6= â◊`å|úO 4) 14= â◊`å|úO
11. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ U ~åROÖ’ QÆ_É» íè yi[# *Ïu x=ã≤ã∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞? (3) 21. PO„^èÖŒ ’ U „áêO`åxfl '^ŒH}Δ˜ HÍt— JO\Ï~°∞? (3)
1) PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò 2) =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ ò 1) u~°∞Ñü 2) NHÍà◊ÇÏ¨ ã≤Î
3) Fi™êû 4) <åQÍÖÏO_£ 3) „^•Hõ~Δ å=∞O 4) c=∂~å=∞O
36 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

22. U [|∞ƒ =Å# =Ü«∞ã¨∞û =∞o§# "å~°∞ *Ï˝ÑH¨ õ â◊HxÎ˜ HÀÖ’Ê`å~°∞? (2) 35. =∞Ç≤Ïà◊#∞ QÆ$Ç¨ÏÇ≤ÏOã¨ #∞Oz ~°H˜ΔOKÕ aÅ∞¡ K«@ì ~°∂ÑÖÖ’ =zÛ#
1) =∂#ã≤Hõ |ÅÇ‘Ï#`« 2) Pb˚"∞≥ ~üû ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú?
3) #~°=ÚÅ |ÅÇ‘Ï#`« 4) Wq Ug HÍ=Ù 1) 2005 2) 2007 (1)
23. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ "≥Ú@ì"Ú≥ ^Œ@ QÆ}`˜ « âß„ãÎ̈"`Õ ?Î« (4) 3) 2006 4) 2008
1) ã≤.q.~å=∞}ü 2) H“\˜Å∞º_»∞ 36. "Anandmath" #∞ „"åã≤# ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú ? (3)
3) Ü«∞[˝=e¡HÍ 4) J~°ºÉè@í ì 1) 1835 2) 1935
24. JO_»=∂<£ûÖ’ ÃãÅ∞ºÅ~ü HÍ~åQÍ~°=Ú U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# „áê~°OaèOÑ¨|_ç#k? 3) 1882 4) 1919
1) 1908 2) 1896 (2) 37. ÉèÏ~°`« ~å*ÏºOQÆOÖ’ U ã¨=~°}#∞ J#∞ãïOz# F@∞ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û `«yOæ Kå~°∞?
3) 1885 4) 1947 1) 61 2) 16 (1)
25. 'Galivar's travels' #∞ Z=iKÕ „"åÜ«∞|_ç#k? (1) 3) 72 4) 42
1) *’#fl`«~ü ã≤fiÑ¶ìπ (Jonathar Swift) 38. `åºQÆ~åÜ«∞ ZHõ¯_» [x‡OKå~°∞? (2)
2) *Ï<£ã‡≤ `ü (John smith) 1) u~°∞#flQÆÖò 2) u~°∞"åÜ«Ú~°∞
3) a.\˜. qÅû<£ (B.T.Wilson) 3) u~°∞#QÆÖòÜ∂« ~ü 4) u~°∞zÛ
4) ~å|~üì „É∫<£ (Robert Brown) 39. ÉèÏ~°Ò« Ö’ 12 *’ºu~°e¡ OQÍÅÖ’ XHõ¯_ç PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’ =Ù#flk. Jk ZHõ¯_»?
26. ~°HOÎõ Ö’ U =¸ÅÑ¨^•~°O÷ Zxq∞Ü«∂#∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕã∞¨ OÎ k? (1) 1) NHÍà◊ÇÏ¨ ã≤Î 2) q[Ü«∞"å_» (4)
1) S~°<£ 2) Ãã~· "° ∞£ 3) cè=∂~å=∞O 4) Nâ‹Å· O
3) „H˘=Ùfi 4) Wq Jhfl 40. 1853Ö’ ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ ZHõ¯_» "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ e^äÀ„QÆÑ‘¶ (tÖÏÜ«Ú^Œ) =Ú„^Œ} Ü«∞O„`«O
27. 1986Ö’ "≥Ú@ì"Ú≥ ^Œ\™êi ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ [x‡Oz# Ñ¨sHõ<Δ åoHõ tâ◊√=Ù ™ê÷Ñ≤OKå~°∞? (2)
¿Ñ~°∞? 1) _èbç ¡ 2) H˘ÅHõ`åÎ
1) ÉèÏ~°u 2) WOk~å (2) 3) P„QÍ 4) "å~°}Ït
3) >ˇ+ìπ ÉËa 4) WO^Œ∞=∞u 41. „Ñü ~°HHΔõ =õ ÚÅ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ q_»∞^ŒÅ ^•fi~å L`«Ê#fl=∞QÆ∞ "åºkè x~À^èHŒ õ â◊HxÎ̃
28. PO„^è‰Œ Ωõ K≥Ok# XHõ¯~°∞ 'k Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ ¿ÑÑ¨~—ü (k#Ñ¨„uHõ) „áê~°OÉè‰í Ωõ Å∞ W@∞¡ Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4)
U=~°∞? (4) 1) â◊s~° „Ñ¨^•è # ^è•`«∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ 2) ã¨ÇÏ¨ ["≥∞#ÿ JO@∞ "åº^è∞Œ Å #∞Oz
1) ~°Ñ∞¨¶ Ñü "≥OHõ„\Ï=∞<åÜ«Ú_»∞ 3) XuÎ_ç "åº^è∞Œ Å #∞Oz 4) Hõ$„u=∞"≥∞#ÿ "åº^è∞Œ Å #∞Oz
2) JÜ«∞º^Õ= HÍàıâfi◊ ~°~å=Ù 42. 'ã¨∂HõΔ ‡^Œi≈x— Hõ#∞Q˘#flk Z=~°∞? (3)
3) q∞\ò#∂i Hõ$+¨~‚ å=Ù 1) Ñ¶_‘ ~ç ¯ü Ç¨˙H± (Fredric Hook)
4) <åºÜ«∞áê\˜ ã¨∞ÉÏƒ~å=Ù ÑÖ`«∞Å∞ 2) F.a.ÖÏãπ"Ö≥ ò (O.B. Losswell)
29. "≥ÚÅ¡~å=∂Ü«∞}O „"åã≤# "å~°∞ U lÖÏ¡‰Ωõ K≥Ok#"å~°∞? (2) 3) PO\’x "åº<£ bg<£ Ç¨˙H± (Antony Van Leevwen Hock)
1) Hõ$+¨‚ lÖÏ¡ 2) <≥Å∂¡~∞° lÖÏ¡ 4) ÃÇÏKü.Ü«∞ãπ.Ç¨<£ã<¨ £ (H.S.Hansen)
3) `«∂~°∞Ê QÀ^•=i lÖÏ¡ 4) QÆ∞O@∂~°∞ lÖÏ¡ 43. 'ã¨fi`«O„`åxH˜ Ñ¨Ó~°fi=Ú ÉèÏ~°`*« ÏfÜ«∞ HÍO„QÍãπ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ J^èºŒ ‰õΩΔ ~åÅ∞ Z=~°∞?
30. HÔ #~å ÉÏºO‰õΩ ™ê÷ÑO≤ z# ãÖ=`«û~°O ? (-) 1) ã¨~Àlx<åÜ«Ú_»∞ 2) JxaÃãO@∞ (2)
1) 1948 2) 1988 3) q[Ü«∞ÅH©Δ ‡ ÑÖ_ç`ü 4) WOk~åQÍOnè
44. 'J~°∞˚<å a~°∞^Œ∞— „H©_»Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# "åiH˜ U ãÖ=`«û~°O #∞Oz
3) 1976 4) 1990
Wã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞?
31. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ (Open University) (|Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ -
1) 1952 2) 1971 (4)
qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú) ZHõ¯_» ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞? (3)
3) 1975 4) 1961
1) #∂º_èbç ¡ 2) H˘ÅHõ`åÎ
45. "Sushruta Samhita" J#∞ Ñ¨Ùã¨HÎ =õ Ú# nxx QÆ∂iÛ `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù=Ú?
3) ÃÇÏ· „^•ÉÏ^£ 4) =ÚO|~Ú
1) â◊„ã¨Î zH˜`û« 2) hu (1)
32. JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ SHõº~å[º ã¨q∞u "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ „Ñ¨^•è # HÍ~°º^Œi≈ Z=~°∞? (3) 3) K«~‡° "åº^è∞Œ Å∞ 4) ™œO^Œ~º° O
1) HÀÑ¶<≤ £ (Cofen) 2) l._ç. qÅû<£ 46. D „HÕk "åxÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (3)
3) „>ÿ̌º*ò"e≥ ¡ (Trygvelie) 4) HÀÑ¶≤ J#fl<£ 1) Fi™êûÖ’ Ju Z‰õΩ¯= yi[# [<åÉèÏ =Ù<åfl~°∞
33. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# MÏ<£ J|∞ÌÖò QÆÑ~¨¶ Mü Ï<£‰Ωõ 'ÉèÏ~°`~« `° fl« — a~°∞^Œ∞ =zÛ#k? 2) PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’ Ju Z‰õΩ¯= yi[# [<åÉèÏ =Ù<åfl~°∞
1) 1977 2) 1968 (4) 3) =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’ Ju Z‰õΩ¯= yi[# [<åÉèÏ =Ù<åfl~°∞
3) 1955 4) 1987 4) =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’ yi[# [<åÉèÏ ÖË^∞Œ
34. 'ã¨~å¯iÜ«∂ Hõq∞+¨<£ (Sarkaria commission) `«# x"ÕkHõ#∞ 47. U áêsì ÑïáêÅ<å q^è•#OÖ’ ÑÖKå~Úf ã¨q∞`«∞Å∞ PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’
ã¨=∞iÊOz# ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú? (2) `˘ÅyOÑ¨|_ç<å~Ú (~°^∞Œ Ì KÕÜ∞« |_ç<å~Ú)? (2)
1) 1983 2) 1988 1) HÍO„ÔQã¨∞ 2) `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ^ÕâO◊
3) 1969 4) 1991 3) Ü«Ú.Ñ≤.U 4) a.*Ë.Ñ≤.
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 37

48. PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò Ü≥ÚHõ¯ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ =∞Ç≤ÏàÏ Kåi„`«Hõ Ñïâ’^è‰Œ Ωõ ~åÅ∞? (1) 61. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# ~å"£∞ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£ ~åÜü∞H˜ '~å[— a~°∞^Œ∞ WKåÛ~°∞?
1) ^Œ∞=Óºi ã¨∞|ƒ=∞‡ 2) "Õ^•O`«O Hõ=∞ÖÏ ^Õq 1) 1828 2) 1819 (3)
3) Éè<í „£ ^Œ<£ JK«Û=∂O| 4) "≥∞ÖÏ¡ 3) 1832 4) 1948
49. Z=i ÑïáêÅ<å q^è•#OÖ’ Pâ’H± "≥∞Ç¨Ï`å Hõq∞\˜ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞? (1) 62. D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (4)
1) [#`« „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO 1) "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ™êiQÍ PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò ~åR ÑÖKå~Úf ZxflHõÅÖ’ 50
2) HÍO„ÔQã¨∞ âß`«O i[ˆ~fi+¨#∞Å∞ HõeÊOzOk
3) ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ [#`å áêsì „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO 2) Xi™êû "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ ~åR ÑÖKå~Úf ~å*òÖ’ ãÖã¨¯~°}Å#∞
4) Ü«Ú.Ñ≤.U. „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO J=∞Å∞ [iÑ≤Ok
50. Bardoli (Éè~í _ü Àe) ã¨`åº„QÆÇÏ¨ O#∞ „áê~°OaèOz#k Z=~°∞? (1) 3) ã¨fi`«O„`«O `«~∞° "å`« "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ Hˆ ~°à◊ ~åR ÑÖKå~Úf ~å*ò
1) =Å¡|ÉÏÜü∞ Ñ¨>ÖË ò (1928Ö’) ãÖã¨Å÷ #∞ „áê~°OaOz#k
2) <≥„Ç¨˙ 4) cÇ¨Ï~°∞ ~åR "≥Ú^Œ\ ™˜ êiQÍ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å i[ˆ~fi+¨<Å£ ∞ 50 âß`«O
3) ã≤.P~ü.^•ã¨∞ ÑÖKå~Úf ~å*ò ZxflHõÅÖ’ J=∞Å∞Ñ¨~z° #k
4) ™êÑπ~∂° 63. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ Pi÷Hõ =∞O_»efl U~åÊ@∞ KÕã<≤ å~°∞? (1)
51. *ÏfÜ«∞ Jaè=$kú =∞O_»e HõeÜ«Ú@? (2) 1) 2007 2) 2001
1) ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ XHõ¯ ™êi 2) ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ ~Ô O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ 3) 2003 4) 2008
3) ãÖ=`«û~åxH˜ =¸_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ 4) Wq Un HÍ^Œ∞ 64. „áê^ä Œ q ∞Hõ ÉÏ^è Œ º `« Å #∞ D „H˜ O ^Œ `≥ e Ñ≤ # U x|O^è Œ # Ö’
52. 12= Pi÷Hõ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ O J^èºŒ ‰õΩΔ _»∞ Z=~°∞? (3) á⁄O^Œ∞ÑïKå~°∞?
1) Z.q.#@~å[<£ 2) "≥.· a.K«"å<£ 1) x|O^è#Œ 51A 2) x|O^è#Œ 36C (1)
3) ã≤.~°OQÆ~å[<£ 4) Ü«∞ãπ.Hˆ .*’+≤ 3) x|O^è#Œ 42 4) x|O^è#Œ 28C
53. ~åR ÑäH¡ ± ã¨sfiã¨∞ Hõq∞+¨<£ J^èºŒ ‰õΩΔ x Z=~°∞ xÜ«∞q∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4) 65. ''<åºÜ«∞ã¨g∞Hõ—Δ — J#∞ Ñ¨^=Œ Ú D ^Õâ=◊ Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ~å*ÏºOQÆ=ÚÖ’
1) =ÚYº=∞O„u 2) „Ñ¨^•è #=∞O„u ¿Ñ~˘¯#|ÖË^Œ∞? (4)
3) LÑ¨~åRÑü 4) QÆ=~°fl~ü 1) Ü«Ú.Ü«∞ãπ.Z 2) „a@<£
54. ÉèÏ~°`« ~å*ÏºOQÆOÖ’x U x|O^è#Œ Hˆ O„^Œ ~åR ã≤qÖò ã¨sfiã¨∞Å#∞ K«iÛã¨∞OÎ k? 3) WO_çÜ∂« 4) Ug HÍ=Ù
1) x|O^è#Œ 215 2) x|O^è#Œ 330 (3) 66. ÃÑ_¶ ~» Ö° ’ HÀ~°∞ì L#fl`« <åºÜ«∞™ê÷#=ÚQÍ =∂~°Û|_ç# ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú?
3) x|O^è#Œ 315 4) x|O^è#Œ 324 1) 1975 2) 1950 (2)
55. ÉèÏ~°`« ~åRÑü KÕ`« ZO`«=∞Ok ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞ ~å[ºã¨ÉèíÖ’ xÜ«∞q∞`«∞Å∞ 3) 1948 4) 1969
J=Ù`å~°∞? 67. 'k „QÍ=∞~ü PÑ¶π áêe\˜Hû± — „"åã≤#k Z=fi~°∞? (3)
1) 10 2) 12 (2) 1) ÖÏ¿ã¯ (Locke)
3) 9 4) Z=fi~°∞ HÍ~°∞ 2) _ç._ç.É’ã¨∞ (D.D.Bosu)
56. ÉèÏ~°`« LÑ¨~åRÑü `«# ~år<å=∂ Ñ¨„`åxfl Z=iH˜ ã¨=∞iÊ™êÎ~∞° ? 3) ÃÇÏKü.*ˇ.ÖÏã‘¯ (H.J.Laski)
1) „Ñ¨^•è #=∞O„u 2) áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O\ò (3) 4) áê¡\’ (Plato)
3) ~åRÑü 4) g~°∞ Z=~°∞fi HÍ~°∞ 68. U ã¨ O =`« û ~° = Ú Pã≤ Î Ç¨ Ï ‰õ Ω ¯ „áê^ä Œ q ∞Hõ Ç¨ Ï ‰õ Ω ¯Å #∞O_ç
57. [eÜ«∞<£ "åÅÉÏQ∑ =∂#==kè U „áêO`«OÖ’ [iy#k? (2) `˘ÅyOK«|_ç#k?
1) _èçb¡ 2) J=∞$`«ã¨~ü 1) 1975 2) 1978 (2)
3) Ñ¨Ó}Ë 4) HÍ#∂Ê~ü 3) 1967 4) 1991
58. D „HÕ^Œ Hõ#Ñ¨~z° # "åxÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k HÍ^Œ∞? (4) 69. #_»H‰õ Ωõ ãÖ|OkèOz# ãÖ~°H} Δõ ? (2)
1) ÉèÏ~°`~« åRÑü `«#∞ ~åRÑüQÍ KÕi#Ñ¨Ù_»∞ #∞O_ç 5 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ 1) JO|∞Öˇ<û£ ¿ã= 2) J^Œ#Ñ¨Ù ¿ã=
Ñ¨^qŒ Ö’ =ÙO\Ï_»∞ 3) =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ =∂„`«=Ú 4) ÃÑq· Ug HÍ=Ù
2) ~åRÑü „Ñ¨^•è # ZxflHõ JkèHÍix xÜ«∞q∞™êÎ_∞» 70. 'PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ òÖ’ QÍOnèr— J#∞ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HOõ „"åã≤# "å~°∞ Z=fi~°∞?(1)
3) ~åRÑü *ÏfÜ«∞ ~°H} Δõ Hõq∞\˜H˜ <åÜ«∞Hõ`fi« O =Ç≤Ï™êÎ_∞» 1) "åqÖÏÖÏ QÀáêÅ Hõ$+¨Ü ‚ ∞« º
4) ~åRÑü J\Ïsfl [#~°Öò#∞ `«# HÍ~åºÅÜ«∞=Ú #∞O_ç `˘ÅyOK«_∞» 2) a.QÀáêÅ Ô~_ç¤
59. PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò ~åR âßã¨# ã¨Éíè "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ã¨ÉÏè Ñü Z=fi~°∞? (-) 3) H˘_®e JO[<ÕÜÚ« Å∞
1) a.™êO| =¸iÎ 2) =∂_»áê\˜ Ç¨Ï#∞=∞O`« ~å=Ù 4) HõÅ∂¡i g~°Éèí„^Œ âß„ã≤Î
3) Z<£. ã¨∞ÉÏƒ~å=Ù ÑÖ`«∞Å∞ 4) Ü«∞"£∞. K≥<åflÔ~_ç¤ 71. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú `«Ou "å~°ÎÅ∞ ÑÖÑ¶‘ ™êY~°º=Ú „a@<£ #∞O_ç
60. "Hind Swaraj" U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# „"åã≤<å~°∞? (3) WO_çÜ∂« ‰õΩ =∂iÛ<å~°∞? (3)
1) 1920 2) 1919 1) 1865 2) 1853
3) 1908 4) 1930 3) 1901 4) 1935
38 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

72. #@Öò ÉèÏ~°`« *ÏfÜ«∞ HÍO„ÔQãπ Z=~°∞ ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞? (3) 87. ã¨fi`«O„`« áÈ~å@ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^ÕâòÖ’ ZHõ¯_» 'QÍOnè
1) =Å¡ÉèíÉÏÜü∞ Ñ¨>ËÖò 2) ã¨∞ÉèÏ+π K«O„^ŒÉ’ãπ =∞On~ü—#∞ ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞? (1)
3) =∞Ç¨`«‡QÍOnè 4) Z.F.Ç¨˙"£∞ 1) ~å[=∞O„_ç 2) HÍH˜<å_»
73. Éˇ<å~°ã∞¨ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú#∞ Z=~°∞ ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞? (1) 3) QÆ∞O@∂~°∞ 4) q[Ü«∞"å_»
1) =∞^Œ# "≥∂Ç¨Ï# =∂Åº 2) a.*ˇ. Hõ$Ñëx 88. 'Mystic India' z„`åxfl Z=fi~°∞ xi‡OKå~°∞? (3)
3) ÖÏÖÏÅ[Ñü ~åÜü∞ 4) Ü«∞"£∞.ÔH.QÍOnè 1) ™êfiq∞<å^Œ<£ 2) âß"£∞ ÉˇOQÍÖò
74. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# 'Éè"í åx =∞Ok~ü— „Ñ¨K∞« iOK«|_ç#k? (3) 3) a.Z.Ñ≤.Ü«∞ãπ.™êfiq∞ <å~åÜ«∞} ™êO`«<£
1) 1911 2) 1920 4) Z.ã≤.HõÑ¨Ó~ü
3) 1905 4) 1926 89. "The role of Telugu Speaking people in English
75. ^ŒÜ∂« #O^Œ ã¨~ã° fi¨ fH˜ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ¿Ñ~°∞ Uk? (2) Journalism" „"åã≤#"å~°∞ Z=fi~°∞? (-)
1) ãÖ‰õΩ^èŒ~ü 2) =¸Åâ◊OHõ~ü 1) Ñ≤.~å*Ëâ◊fi~° ~å=Ù 2) Z.HÍàıfiâ◊fi~° ~å=Ù
3) ^ŒÜ∂« #O^Œ 4) #ˆ~O„^Œ 3) Z"£∞.J#flÑ¨Ó~°‚Ü«∞º 4) _®Hõì~ü Z.a.<åˆQâ◊fi~°~å=Ù
76. 1919 K«@=ì Ú „Ñ¨HÍ~°O QÆ=~°fl~ü Ñ¨^qŒ HÍÅO Zxfl ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞? 90. PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò Ç¨Ïº_ç HÍ„Ñ¶πì _≥=ÅÑπ"≥∞O\ò HÍ~˘Êˆ~+¨<£ ™ê÷xOz#k?
1) 2 ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ 2) 6 ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ (2) 1) 1962 2) 1982 (2)
3) 5 ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ 4) 1 ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú 3) 1948 4) 1965
77. 1916 ÅHÀfl X_»O|_çH#õ ∞ =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4) 91. PO„^èŒ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O QÆ∞~°∞#Î ∞ Z=fi~°∞ "Õã#≤ "å~°∞? (3)
1) ÅHÀfl ã¨q∞u 2) HÍO„ÔQã¨∞ ã¨q∞u 1) ã≤.P~ü. Ô~_ç¤ 2) ÃÑOQÆo "≥OHõ#fl
3) ÅHÀfl ãÖkè 4) JxflO\©x
3) H“`«~å=∞"≥∂Ç¨Ï# âß„ã≤Î 4) HÔ .q.QÀáêÅ ™êfiq∞
78. ÉèÏ~°`« ~åRÑü r`«O =∞iÜ«Ú Éè$í `«ºO Z=fi~°∞ x~°~‚ Ú™êÎ~∞° ? (3)
92. PO„^èÑŒ ^¨ âÕ òÖ’ U lÖÏ¡Ö’ Ju `«‰Ωõ ¯= F@~°∞¡ Hõey =Ù<åfl~°∞? (4)
1) L#fl`« <åºÜ«∞™ê÷#O 2) „Ñ¨^•è #=∞O„u
1) <≥Å∂¡~∞° 2) J#O`«ÑÓ¨ ~ü
3) áê~°"¡ ∞≥ O@∞ 4) Wq Ug HÍ=Ù
3) qâßYÑ¨@} ì O 4) q[Ü«∞#QÆ~=° Ú
79. 1909 K«\Ïìxfl =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (2)
1) KÕ"£∞ûÑ¶¨~ü¤ ãÖã¨¯~°}=Ú 2) q∞O\’=∂ˆ~¡ ãÖã¨¯~°}Å∞ 93. Ju ÃÑ^ŒÌ Hˆ O„^Œ ~ˆ ã≤_x≥ ¬Ü∞« Öò qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O Pã≤Ü∂« Ö’ ? (3)
3) WO_çÜ∞« <£ H“xûÖò K«@=ì Ú4) Wq Ug HÍ=Ù 1) _èbç ¡ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú
80. „áêp# ÉèÏ~°`Öü ’ =~°¬ ^Õ=Ù_»∞x (God rain) =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞`À 2) ÃÇÏ· „^•ÉÏ^Œ∞ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú
Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~°∞? (2) 3) Éˇ<å~åã¨∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú
1) =~°¬O ^Õ=Ù_»∞ 2) =~°∞}ü 4) [=Ç¨Ï~°ÖÏÖò <≥„Ç¨˙ >ˇHflõ ÖÏlHõÖò qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞=Ú
3) Jyfl 4) ã¨∂~°∞º_ç 94. XHõ `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ã≤x=∂ #@∞_çx, PO„^èŒ Z"£∞.l.P~ü. Jx Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ?
81. 'ÑÖK«Ò« „`«— ~°K~« Ú`« U=~°∞? (4) 1) #O^Œ=¸i `å~°H~õ å=∞~å=Ù (1)
1) z#flÜ«∞º ã¨∂i 2) QÆ∞~°∞*Ï_» 2) JH˜¯<Õx <åˆQâ◊fi~° ~å=Ù
3) lO^•QÆ∞ 4) q+¨μâì ~◊ ‡° 3) Ü«∞ãπ.q.~°OQÍ~å=Ù
82. HÍHõfÜ«∞ ~åA QÆ}Ñü^Õ= ^ŒH} Δ̃ ÉèÏ~°`#ü ∞ D ãÖ=`«û~° HÍÅOÖ’ 4) \˜.UÖò.HÍO`å~å=Ù
áêeOK≥#∞? (1) 95. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ ã¨ÉÑíè u¨ „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«OÖ’ U ^ÕâßxH˜ K≥Ok#k? (2)
1) 1199-1261 A.D. 2) 1050-1323 A.D. 1) ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O 2) ~°∂"åO_»
3) 1411-1530 A.D. 4) Wq UgHÍ=Ù 3) WOQÍ¡O_»∞ 4) J"≥∞iHÍ
83. ˆH.l.UÑ¶π. ZHõ¯_» =ÙOk? (1) 96. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÉèÏ~°`« Air Craft Carrier Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞ ? (1)
1) Hõ~åfl@Hõ 2) Xi™êû 1) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ. q„HÍOu 2) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ.HõàÏº}˜
3) PO„^èŒ 4) ˆH~°à◊ 3) S.U<£.Ü«∞ãπ.q"å\ò 4) g~°∞ Z=fi~°∞ HÍ~°∞
84. ~å}˜ ~°∞„^Œ∞=∞ ^Õq Z=i ‰õΩ=∂Ô~?· (2) 97. `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ã≤x=∂ 'â◊$uÅÜ«∞Å∞— áê@Å ~°K~« Ú`« Z=fi~°∞? (3)
1) Pâ’Hõ ~åA 2) ~°∞„^Œ=∞ ~åÜ«∞ 1) N N 2) ã≤.<å~åÜ«∞} ~Ô _ç¤
3) N Hõ$+¨‚ ^Õ"å~åÜ«∞ 4) =∞Ç¨^Õ"å K«„Hõ=iÎ 3) ã≤i"≥#flÅ ã≤`å~å=∞âß„ã≤Î 4) H˜~°"å}˜
85. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ LÑ¨„QÆÇÏ¨ O „Ñ¨Ü∂≥ QÆO ZÑ¨C_»∞ [iyOk? 98. 'Good Friday' =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ¯ ¿Ñ~°∞`À Ñ≤Å∞™êÎ~∞° ? (4)
1) 1972 2) 1962 (3) 1) Pãπ „ÃÑ¶·_Õ 2) QÍ_£û „ÃÑ¶·_Õ
3) 1975 4) 1985 3) Ç¨Ñ≤ „ÃÑ_·¶ Õ 4) Wq Ug HÍ^Œ∞
86. „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K« ~Ô _£ „HÍãπ ~ÀA ZÑ¨C_»∞? (4) 99. PO„^èŒ ^Õâ◊Éèí‰õΩÎ_»∞ XHõ¯ Q˘Ñ¨Ê "åºáê~° x~°fiÇ¨Ï‰õΩ_»∞? (3)
1) =∂iÛ 8# 2) [#=i 1# 1) \˜.„Ñ¨HÍâ◊O 2) a. ™êO|=¸iÎ
3) _çÃãO|~ü 12# 4) "Õ∞ 8# 3) a. Ñ¨\Ïìaè ã≤`å~å=∞Ü«∞º 4) Z<£.ã¨∞ÉÏƒ~å=Ù ÑÖ`«∞Å∞
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 39

100. ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞Ö’ L™ê‡<£ =∞iÜ«Ú Ç≤Ï=∞Ü«∞H± ™êQÆ~‰ü Ωõ teÊQÍ =Ù#flk 110. K«„H©Ü∞« x~°∞^Àºy`« U~°Ê_®xH˜ U Pi÷Hõ JOâ◊O `À_»Ê_»∞`«∞Ok?
Z=fi~°∞? (4) 1) ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç^•i Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 2) ™ê=∂lHõ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ (1)
1) x*ÏO 2) L™ê‡<£ 3) q∞„â◊=∞ Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷ 4) ã≤~÷ ° Pi÷Hõ =º=ã¨÷
3) ã≤.q.~å=∞<£ 4) Z"£∞.qâıfiâ◊~°Ü«∞º 111. D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# "å\˜Ö’ ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # ^•xx `≥Å∞Ñ¨Ù=Ú : (4)
101. u=∞‡~°ã∞¨ D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# "åiÖ’ U=iH˜ =∞O„uQÍ =Ù<åfl~°∞? „Ñ¨H@õ #:
1) ~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ 2) HÍº`«Ü∞« =~°‡ (4) ''g}#∞ g∞>Ë "å~°O^Œ~∞° QÍÜ«∞‰õΩÖË——
3) ™êÅ∞= #~°ã≤OÇ¨Ï~åÜ«∞Å∞ 4) Hõ$+¨‚^Õ=~åÜ«∞Å∞ TÇ¨Ï :
102. ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ ^ÕjÜ«∞ ÃÑ@∞ì|_çH˜ P^è•~åÅ∞ Uq∞? (3) i) g}#∞ g∞>Ë "å~°O^Œ~∞° nfifÜ«∞™ê÷#O
1) q^Õj `À_®Ê@∞ 2) ^ÕjÜ«∞ Z‰õΩ¯= á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù ii) JO^Œ~∞° =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ‰õÄ_» nfifÜ«∞™ê÷#O
3) |Ç¨ïà◊ *ÏfÜ«∞ HõOÃÑhÅ∞4) Wq Ug HÍ=Ù 1) i) ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
103. ÑÖK«=~°¬ „Ñ¨}ÏoHõÅ#∞ Hõ_Ñ» \¨ ™˜ êiQÍ P"≥∂kOKÕk Z=~°∞? (2) 2) ii) ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
1) „Ñ¨^•è #=∞O„u 2) LÑ¨~åRÑü 3) ~Ô O_»∂ (i) =∞iÜ«Ú (ii) ‰õÄ_® ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
3) *ÏfÜ«∞ Jaè=$kú =∞O_»e 4) „Ñ¨}ÏoHõ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ J^èºŒ ‰õΩΔ _»∞ 4) ~Ô O_»∂ ‰õÄ_® ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #q HÍ^Œ∞
104. áêÅ#∞ â◊√^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ q Hõ#∞Q˘#∞@‰õΩ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOKÕ âß„ã‘ÜÎ ∞« ÑïHõ~=° Ú 112. PO„^è„Œ Ñ¨^âÕ ò 15= Ö’H± ã¨Éíè #∞O_ç ZxflHõÅÖ’ ZO`« =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
Uk? (1) ZxflHõ J~Ú<å~°∞? (3)
1) ÖÏHÀì g∞@~°∞ 2) ÉÏ~À g∞@~°∞ 1) 10 2) 6
3) "≥∞„ÿ HÀ g∞@~°∞ 4) ÃÑi™È¯Ñπ 3) 5 4) 20
105. D „HÕk â◊¥#º ã¨Å÷ =ÚÖ’ =ÙO_»=Åã≤# JHõ~Δ =° Ú `≥Å∞ÑÖ_ç? 113. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ^•xx ãïQÍ Ñ¨ÓiOK«O_ç: (2)
A, C, D, G, - K. (4) ''~°q ##∞fl >ÿ̌"∞£ ZO`« J~Ú#k J_çy<å_»∞ :
1) N 2) M
1) <å QÆ_çÜ«∂~°O #∞O_ç
3) P 4) I
2) <å QÆ_Ü ç ∂« ~°OÖ’ ZO`« J~Ú#k
106. D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# "å\˜Ö’ XHõ¯\˜ q∞QÆ`å"å\˜H˜ ãïáÈ^Œ∞? (2) 3) <å QÆ_çÜ«∂~°OÖ’ ~ÚOK«∞ q∞OK«∞
4) <å QÆ_Ü ç ∂« ~°OÖ’ ãïQÍ ZO`« J~Ú#k
1) g}Ï 2) Ñ≤Å#¡ „QÀq
114. D „HÕk ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (1)
3) r~å 4) `«O|∞~å
„Ñ¨H@õ #:
107. JHõ~Δ =° ∂Å „Hõ=∞=ÚÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ J~°=ú Ú "≥#∞Hõ "≥Ñ· Ù¨ #∞O_ç „"å¿ãÎ U
''=∞Ozh~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ∞@ P~ÀQÍºxH˜ KåÅ =∞Ozk——
JHõ~Δ =° Ú g∞‰õΩ ‰õΩ_ç "≥Ñ· Ù¨ #∞O_ç 8= ™ê÷#OÖ’ =ÙO@∞Ok? (4)
TÇ¨Ï :
1) A 2) D
i) P~ÀQÆº =O`«∞Å∞ JO`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞Oz h~°∞ `åy<å~°∞
3) Y 4) S
ii) `«‰Ωõ ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ_O» P~ÀQÍºxH˜ Ç¨xHÍ^Œ∞
108. QÀ_»Q_Æ Ü
ç ∂« ~°=ÚÖ’ HÍÅ=Ú 15 xq∞+¨=ÚÅ‰õΩ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ 3 QÆO@Å∞
1) ÃÑ#· `≥eÑ≤# ~Ô O_»∂ x[O HÍ^Œ∞
K«∂Ñ≤Oz#Ñ¨Ù_»∞, KåÅ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ Dâß#º"≥Ñ· Ù¨ U ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ QÆ_Ü
ç ∂« ~°O
2) i) ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
=ÙO@∞Ok? (3)
3) ii) ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
1) "åÜ«Ú=º 2) Dâß#º
4) i) =∞iÜ«Ú ii) ‰õÄ_» ãïáÈ`«∞Ok
3) JˆQflÜ«∞ 4) <≥·~°∞u
115. XHõ ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú#‰õΩ 6 âß`«O =_ô¤ ~°∂.625 Å‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞
109. A =∞iÜ«Ú B ZxflHõÅÖ’ áÈ\© KÕã<≤ å~°∞. A ‰õΩ 35 âß`«O F@∞¡
ãÖ=`«û~°=ÚÅ 6 <≥ÅÅ‰õΩ =_ô¤ ZO`« J=Ù`«∞Ok? (3)
=zÛ<å 1500 F@∞¡ `Õ_®Ö’ F_çáÈ~Ú<å_»∞. F_çáÈ~Ú# "≥Ú`«OÎ
1) ~°∂. 100 2) ~°∂. 126
F@∞¡ Zxfl? (-)
3) ~°∂. 101.56 ÃÑ·ã¨Å∞ 4) ~°∂. 120.56 ÃÑ·ã¨Å∞
1) 30,000 2) 15,000
116. 1947 #∞O_ç 2004 =~°‰Ωõ ZO`« =∞Ok =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’
3) 32,500 4) 32,100 qq^èŒ ~åR QÆ=~°fl~°∞¡QÍ =Ù<åfl~°∞? (4)
40 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

1) 51 2) 20 1) q._ç.ã¨=~üHÍ~ü 2) ã¨∞ÉèÏ+π K«O„^ŒÉ’ãπ
3) 16 4) 15 3) Ü«∞"£∞.ÔH.QÍOnè 4) "≥∂fÖÏÖò <≥„Ç¨˙
117. D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (2) 125. Z=i ÑïáêÅ#Ö’ HÍo^•ã¨∞ x=ã≤Oz<å~°∞? (3)
„Ñ¨H@
õ #: 1) q„Hõ=∂k`«º 2) ¿+~å¬
''g}ÏÅ∞ Jxfl‰õÄ_» `«O[=Ó~°∞Ö’ `«Ü∂« ~°∞ KÕÜ∞« |_»∞`å~Ú—— 3) K«O„^ŒQÆ∞ÑÎ̈ 2 4) ~å[~å[ #ˆ~O„^Œ
TÇ¨Ï : 126. XHõ ÑÖ_»∞¡ |∞@ìÖ’ 20 âß`«O =∂q∞_ç ÑÖ_»∞¡ q∞QÆ`å~Ú 50
i) g}ÏÅ∞ `«Ü∂ « ~°∞KÕ¿ã ^•xˆH `«O*Ï=Ó~°∞ =ÙOk âß`«O PÑ¶Ö≤ òû =Ù<åfl~Ú J~Ú`Õ 900 P~°O[ ÑÖ_»∞¡ =ÙO_Õ, ÑÖ_»∞¡
ii) g}ÏÅ∞ `«Ü∂« ~°∞ KÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ „Ñ¨^âÕ O◊ ÖË^∞Œ `«O*Ï=Ó~°∞ |∞@ìÖ’ Zxfl ÑÖ_»∞¡ =Ù<åfl~Ú? (2)
`«Ñ¨Ê 1) 1500 2) 2250
1) (i) x[O 2) (i) =∞iÜ«Ú (ii) x[O 3) 3150 4) 2220
3) (ii) x[O 4) D ~Ô O_»∞ ‰õÄ_» x[O HÍ^Œ∞ 127. KåÅ iQ∑"æ ^Õ Œ â’¡HÍÅ∞ giH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#q? (4)
118. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ á⁄~°áê@∞ Uk? (3) 1) qâßfiq∞„`« 2) Éèí~°úO"å*ò
1) Ñ¨ÅHõ~å~Ú ~°∂áêO`«~° „áêÑÎ̈tÅ 3) JQÆºâ◊ 4) JOr˚~â° ◊
2) ÉÁQÆ∞æ ~°∂áêO`«~° „áêÑ≤tÎ Å 128. "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£ 200 J~°\ Ñ˜ O¨ _»∞¡ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞, ^•xÖ’ 38 J~°\ Ñ˜ O¨ _»∞¡
3) Wã¨H~õ å~Ú =∂`«$ tÅ áê_»∞ J~Ú#q. q∞QÆ`å J~°\Ñ˜ O¨ _»∞¡ XH˘¯Hõ¯ _»[<£ ~°∂.4.80 ÃÑã· Å¨ ‰õΩ
4) ÃÑ#· `≥eÑ≤#k Un HÍ^Œ∞@ Jq∞‡`Õ J`«#∞ 8 âß`«O ÖÏÉèOí á⁄Ok<å_»∞ J~Ú`Õ W`«#∞ 200
119. U ãÖ=`«û=Ú# *Ï~°Oö _£ ~åR=Ú U~åÊ@∞ KÕã<≤ å~°∞? (3) J~°\ ˜ ÑÖ_»∞‰¡ Ωõ ÃÑ@∞ì|_ç ZO`« ÃÑ\ì̃<å_»∞? (1)
1) 2002 2) 1999 1) ~°∂. 60 2) ~°∂. 100
3) 2001 4) 2003 3) ~°∂. 42 4) ~°∂. 51.80 ÃÑã· Å¨ ∞
120. ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ=◊ ÚÖ’ ^Œ∂~° ^Œ~≈° <£ U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú „áê~°OaèOK«|_ç#k? 129. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# [O@ÅÖ’ XˆH ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ =Ù#fl [O@ Uk?
1) 1999 2) 1959 (2) áêsì - _ç#fl~ü (3)
3) 1975 4) 1965 1) _ç™È¯_®<£û - ‰õÄpÑ¨Ó_ç
121. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (3) 2) K«Åh¡ ~°∞ - "Õ_áç êÅ∞
1) |$Ç¨Ïã¨Êu JO`«~° „QÆÇÏ¨ O 3) g∞QÆ_» - ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞
2) <≥Ñ¨Óì º<£ Éèí∂q∞Hõ<åfl `«‰õΩ¯= 4) ~À>ì̌=O\˜ XHõ ~°HÑõ Ù¨ =∞^èºŒ Ñ¨^•~°=÷ Ú - J#fl=Ú
3) â◊√„‰õΩ_»∞ =∞iÜ«Ú =~°∞}∞_»∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌ „QÆÇ¨ Å∞ 130.E~åÅ „áê*ˇH#ì± ∞ Hõ$ëê‚#kÃÑ· U lÖÏ¡Ö’ xi‡OKå~°∞? (3)
4) Wq Ug HÍ=Ù 1) Hõ$ëê‚ 2) #ÖÁæO_»
122. HÀ~üÉÖˇ òì *ÏfÜ«∞ L^•º#=#O ZHõ¯_» ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå~°∞? (2) 3) =∞Ç¨Ï|∂Éò #QÆ~ü 4) QÆ∞O@∂~°∞
1) <åQÆÑ¨Ó~ü 2) <≥·h`«Öò 131. J<ÕãÎ̈ Ñ¨q„`« „QÆO^äOŒ ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz#k? (2)
3) QÆÜ∞« 4) UÅ∞~°∞ 1) 2= â◊`å|úO 2) áê~°ãã≤ π
123. D „HÕk ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ # ãÖ|O^è=Œ Ú : (1) 3) Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ãπ 4) |∞^Œ∞Åú ∞
A) Ü«∞"£∞.Ü«∞ãπ.ã¨∞|ƒÅH©Δ ‡ i) ÉèÏ~°`«~°`«fl 132. P~°∞ =∞Ok =∞QÆÉÏÅ∞~°∞ÅÖ’ "≥∂Ç¨Ï<£ ã¨∞xÖò Hõ#fl ÃÑ^Œ.Ì N~åO
B) Z<£.z#flã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞} ii) Ñ¨^‡Œ qÉè∂ í +¨} Hõ$+¨‚ Hõ#fl ÃÑ^Œ.Ì "≥OHõ\ò N~åO Hõ#fl z#fl "å_»∞ HÍx ã¨∞xÖò Hõ<åfl
C) ÉÏÅ =Ú~°o Hõ$+¨‚ iii) =∞Ç¨Ï=∞Ç¨ÏŸÑ¨^ºŒ =Ú ÃÑ^ŒÌ"å_»∞. Hõ$+¨‚ =∞iÜ«Ú "åã¨∞ ã¨∞hÖò Hõ#fl ÃÑ^ŒÌ. Z=~°∞ z#fl?
D) W.â◊OHõ~° âß„ã≤Î iv) Ñ¨^Œ‡N 1) ã¨∞xÖò 2) "≥OHõ\ò (1)
1) A (i) 2) B (iv) 3) Hõ$+¨‚ 4) N~åO
3) C (iii) 4) D (ii) 133. ã≤"∞≥ O@∞ HõOÃÑhÅ∞ - "å\˜ LxH˜H˜ ãÖ|OkèOz D „HÕk "åxÖ’
124. 'WO_çÜ«∞<£ „ãì̈QÆ∞Öò (Indian Struggle) J#∞ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈H=õ Ú „"åã≤#k ãïHÍx [`« Uk? (4)
Z=~°∞? (2) 1) ~åt ã≤"∞≥ O\òû - "å_»Ñe¨ ¡
ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 41

2) ^ŒH¯õ <£ ã≤"∞≥ O\òû - Ç¨ïA~ü #QÆ~ü 1) 1765 2) 1780
3) HÍâ’~å"£∞ ã≤"∞≥ O\òû - |ãÖ`ü #QÆ~ü 3) 1678 4) 1667
4) HÍHõfÜ«∞ ã≤"∞≥ O\òû - Hõ_Ñ» ¨ 142. 'w`« QÀqO^ŒO— „"åã≤# "å~°∞ U=~°∞? (2)
134. D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïQÍ=ÙOk `≥ÅÊO_ç „Ñ¨H@ õ # :(3) 1) `åºQÆ~åA 2) [Ü«∞^Õ=
''ãÖÑ¨Ó~°`‚ « Hõey# ãÖw`«O =∞#âßOux ~Úã¨∞OÎ k—— 3) J#fl=∂Kå~°º 4) `«∞Åã≤^•ã¨∞
TÇ¨Ï : 143. =Hõ@HÍãπ ^ÕxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz#k? (1)
i) XHõ =ºHÎ̃ ãÖw`«"` Õ Î« HÍHõáÈ`Õ =∞#âßOu =ÙO_»^∞Œ 1) Hˆ „Δ fÜ«∂ ‰õΩÅO 2) |∞^Œ~Ì Ú["£∞
ii) JO^Œi ãÖw`« âß„ãÎ̈AÅ ˝ ‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ∞ =ÙO_»=Ù 3) „|Ç¨Ï‡} ‰õΩÅ=Ú 4) "≥â· º◊ ‰õΩÅ=Ú
1) (i) ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k 2) (ii) ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k 144. =∞`« ~°ÇÏ≤ `« q+¨Ü∞« =ÚÃÑ· K«~Û° ZO^Œ∞Ö’ [iy#k? (4)
3) ~Ô O_»∞ ‰õÄ_» ãïHÍ^Œ∞ 4) ~Ô O_»∞ ‰õÄ_» ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k 1) "Õ^=Œ Ú
135. =∂Ç¨Ï=∞‡nÜ«ÚÅ##∞ãïOz D „HÕk `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk 2) "Õ^•OQÆ=ÚÅ∞
ãïÜ≥ÿ∞#k? 3) LÑ¨"^Õ =Œ ÚÅ∞
1) =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ W™ê¡=Ú =∞`«=Ú#∞ ™ê÷ÑO≤ Kå_»∞. (1) 4) LÑ¨x+¨`∞« ÅÎ ∞
2) =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ ^Õ=Ùx KÕ`« n~°^… iŒ ≈QÍ xÜ«∞q∞OÑ¨|_ç ^Õ=Ùx QÆ∂iÛ 145. q._ç. â◊~°‡ ã¨@¡*ò‰õΩ ã¨g∞Ñ¨=Ú #∞#fl ~ÀÑ¨~ü Ç¨Ï~°Ñ¨Ê#∞ U
`≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú#∞ Hõ#∞Q˘<åfl_»∞? (4)
3) 5= â◊`åÉÏÌ# =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ W™ê¡=Ú =∞`«=Ú#∞ ™êÎÑO≤ z<å_»∞ 1) 1949 2) 1963
3) 1978 4) 1953
4) ÃÑ#· ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl=hfl HÍ^Œ∞
146. â◊√kÌKãÕ #≤ W#∞=Ú #∞O_ç =KÕÛ Ö’Ç¨ÏO? (3)
136. "Agriculture can not wait" J#∞ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈H=õ Ú#∞ „"åã≤# "å~°∞
1) L‰õΩ¯
U=~°∞? (2)
2) áÈ`« (áÈã≤#) W#∞=Ú
1) J=∞~°Îºâ‹<£ 2) Ü«∞"£∞.Ü«∞ãπ.™êfiq∞<å^äŒ<£
3) QÆ\ Ñì˜ _¨ #ç W#∞=Ú
3) HÔ .qâ◊fi<å^ŒO 4) *ˇã=π O`ü ã≤OQ∑
4) ™ê^è•~°} W#∞=Ú
137. D „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ^•xÖ’ Uk ãïÜ≥∞ÿ #k? (4)
147. Ç¨Ïi XHõ¯ ÉÏº\ò#∞ ~°∂.750 fã¨∞H˘<åfl_»∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ^•xx ~°∂.675
1) =∂ºQÆflHÍ~°ì - 1948
Jq∞‡<å_»∞. J`«xH˜ =zÛ# #+¨ì âß`«=Ú ZO`«? (2)
2) ~åÜü∞ [#‡Oz#k - 1782
1) 20 âß`«=Ú 2) 10 âß`«=Ú
3) ^•^•ÉÏÜü∞ <Ò~Àr - 1935
3) 5 âß`«=Ú 4) 15 âß`«=Ú
4) =∂ºQÆflHÍ~°ì - 1858
148. ^Œ∂~åfiâß„ãÎ̈=Ú nxx `≥eÜ«∞KÕÜÚ« #∞? (3)
138. "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«Ú_»∞ „a\˜+π áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞Ö’ ã¨Éèí∞º_»∞QÍ =Ù<åfl~°∞?
1) =º=™êÜ«∞=Ú 2) =º=™êÜ«∞ Ji÷H=õ Ú
1) Ü«∞"£∞.ÔH.QÍOnè 2) "≥∂fÖÏÖò <≥„Ç¨˙ (3) 3) Ñ¨zÛHõ 4) QÍA
3) ^•^•ÉÏÜü∞ <Ò~Àr 4) É’ã¨∞ 149. „HÕ^Œ `≥eÑ≤# ã¨~°fiOÖ’x [@OÖ’ ãïã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ# ãÖ|O^è•Å∞
139. ZHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç =∞Ç¨`«‡ QÍOnè KÕ`« 'k WO_çÜ∞« <£ FÑ≤x~Ú<£— „Ñ¨K∞« ~°} Hõey=Ù#flq? (4)
KÕÜ«∞|_ç#k? (2) HõxHõ~°O - ^ŒÜ«∂à◊√`«fiO
1) ã¨|~ü=∞u 2) ^ŒH} Δ̃ P„Ñ¶H≤ Í 1) „¿Ñ=∞ - ^Õfi+Ö
3) ~å*òHÀ\ò 4) _èbç ¡ 2) q∞„`«∞_»∞ - q~Àkè
140. "Eighteen Fifty Seven" J#∞ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HÍxfl Z=~°∞ „"åã≤<å~°∞? 3) =K«∞Û - áÈ=Ù
1) q._ç. ã¨=~üHÍ~ü 2) Ñ¨>ÖË ò (3) 4) Ñ¨_=» - <å=
3) Ü«∞ãπ.Z<£.Ãã<£ 4) =∞OQÆÖò áêO_Õ 150. ã¨|∞ƒ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ =¸Å=Ú Uk? (3)
141. U ãÖ=`«û~°=Ú# B~°OQÆ*Ë|∞ POQÆ¡=Ú#∞ "åºáê~° xq∞`«Î=Ú 1) ã¨=Ú„^ŒÑÙ¨ #∞~°∞QÆ∞ 2) ™È_» LÑ¨C
ÉˇOQÍÖòÖ’ J#∞=∞uOKå_»∞? (4) 3) ™È_» =∞iÜ«Ú y¡ãi¨ <£ 4) ™È_»
42 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

Competitions World April 11 New

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Competitions World April 11 New

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Competitions World April 11 New

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HÔ s~ü & HÍOÑ≤\+© <¨ û£ =~°Ö¤ò

A Must Magazine for Competitive Exams

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 1

š- „Ì þÕ ƒ¢œË§ÖŒ “X¾X¢¾ Í- Â-Œ ¹Xý é’L-Í-ä

2 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 3

4 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÂíÅŒh ¬ÁÅÃ-¦¢l ©ð Ÿä¬Á¢ ÍçÅj Ê-Œ u-«¢-Å-Œ

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 5

6 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 9

10 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

16 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 17

18 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 19

20 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 21

22 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 23

24 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 25

26 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 27

28 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 29

30 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 31

32 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 33

34 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 35

APPSC ASSISTANT ENGINEERS &

Asst. Chemical Examiners

36 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 37

38 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 39

40 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤ 41

42 ÔHs~ü & HÍOÑ≤\©+¨<£û =~°Öò¤

You might also like