u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ P]g, @)!

nfndf]x/ ;b/ ldlt g]kfn /fhkqdf k| sflzt ldlt

@)!%.!@.#! @)!^.!.!)

;+zf]w g ug]{ P]g nfndf]x/ / k| sfzg ldlt

!= s]xL g]kfn sfg" g -;+z f]w g /
k'gM Joj:yfkg_ P]g , @)@) @)@).!!.!^
@= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len
PlePzg_ -;+ zf] wg_ P]g, @)@# @)@#.%.@$
#= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len
PlePzg_ -bf]>f] ;+z f]wg_ P] g, @)#) @)#).%.!%.^
$= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len
PlePzg_ -t]>f] ;+zf]wg_ P] g, @)#$ @)#$.^.^.!
%= Gofo k| zf;g P] g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
^= u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_
-rf}y f] ;+ z f]w g_ P] g, @)%# @)%#.*.%
&= s]xL g]k fn sfg" g ;+z f]w g ug]{ P]g , @)^# @)^#.^.@*

l;len PlePzgnfO{ lgolGqt / Jojl:yt ug{ ag]sf] P]g

xjfO{ oftfoftaf6 /fi6«n fO{ clwstd kmfObf k|fKt x' g] u/L l;len PlePzgsf] ljsf;nfO{
k|f]T;fxg x' g] kl/l:ylt l;h{ gf ug{ l;len PlePzgnfO{ lgolGqt / Jojl:yt u/L ♣zflGt / Joj:yf Pj+
;j{; fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;'ljwf sfod /fVg jf~5gLo ePsf]n],

>L % dxf/fhflw/fhaf6 dlGqkl/ifb\ s f] ;Nnfx cg' ;f/ of] P] g agfO{ hf/L u/L aS;] sf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P] gsf] gfd æu}/ ;}l gs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_
P]g, @)!%Æ /x]s f] 5 .
♣
s]xL g]kfn sfg" g -;+zf] wg / k' gM Joj:yfkg_ P] g, @)@) åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
1
 -@_ of] P]g g] kfn /fHoe/ nfu" x' g]5 / b] xfosf jfo'o fg / JolQmx¿ pk/ klg nfu"
x'g]5 M–
-s_ hxfF ;' s} /x]s f] eP tfklg g] kfnsf] k| To] s gful/s /
-v_ hxfF ;' s} /x] sf] eP tfklg g] kfn /fHodf /lhi6/ ul/Psf] k| To] s
jfo' ofg / To;df /x]sf] k|To]s JolQm .
-#_ of] P] g g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;"r gf k| sflzt u/L tf]lslbPsf ldltb]lv
k|f/De x' g]5 .♦
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu] df o; P] gdf –
-s_ æjfo' ofgÆ eGgfn] xfjfsf] k|ltlqmofåf/f jfo'd08ndf cfwfl/t x' g ;Sg] h'g;' s} oGq
;Demg' k5{ / of] zAbn] ufFl ;Psf jf gufFl;Psf a]n"g, xjfO{ hxfh, r+uf, UnfO8/ /
p8\g] oGqnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-v_ æljdfg:ynÆ eGgfn] jfo' ofg k|:yfg ug]{ cf]x|fNg] sfdsf] lgldQ k"/f jf cf+lzs ¿kdf
k|of] u x' g] s'g} lglZrt jf ;Lldt hn jf :yn If] q ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] If] qdf /x] sf jf
;f] If] q;+ u ;DalGwt ;a} ejg, 6x/f, hxfh 8''+ uf, 3f6 / c¿ Odf/tx¿nfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
-u_ æk} 7f/LÆ eGgfn] g]kfn/fHoleq Nofpg] sfd ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ ælgsf;LÆ eGgfn] g]k fn/fHo aflx/ n} hfg] sfd ;Demg' k5{ .
♥
-ª_ ælgwf{l /t ;LdfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|s flzt ;" rgfåf/f g]k fn ;/sf/n] tf]l slbPsf]
rf/ lsNnfleqsf] 7fpF jf If] qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
τ
-r_ æljdfg:yn If] qÆ eGgfn] ljdfg:yn jf xjfO{ p8fgsf] ;' /lIft ;~rfng tyf lgoGq0f
ug]{ jf tT;DaGwL cfjZos ;" rgf tyf hfgsf/L cfbfg k| bfg ug]{ sfdsf] lgldQ k|o f]u
x'g] s' g} oGq tyf ;Grf/ jf p8\ 8og ;xfo -g]leu] zgn P8_ pks/0fx¿ h8fg ePsf]
jf gePsf] h'g;' s} :yfg, ejg, 6x/f, 6fj/, hxfh, 8' Ëf / 3f6 ;Demg' k5{ .
τ
-5_ æjfo' ;]jf ;~rfng ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] jfo' ofgåf/f ofq' , 8fF s tyf dfn;fdfg cf] ;f/ k;f/
ug]{ lhDdf lnO{ xjfO{ oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ p2] Zon] :yflkt ;+:yfg, sDkgL,
Ph]06, kmd{ jf JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .

♦
@)!&.$.!# b] lv k|f /De -g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)!&.$.!&_ .
♥
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -;+zf] wg_ P]g, @)@# åf/f yk .
τ
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf}yf] ;+zf] wg_ P] g, @)%# åf/f yk .
2
 τh_ æxjfO{ p8fg ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f ;+:yf -ˆnfOË :s"n_Æ eGgfn] xjfO{ p8fg ;~rfng;+u
;DalGwt k| fljlwsx¿nfO{ xjfO{ p8fg ;DaGwL ljifodf tflnd k|lzIf0f tyf o:t} cGo
k|sf/sf] k| fljlws 1fg lbg] lbnfpg] ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] o:t} p2]Zon]
:yfkgf ePsf ˆnfOË SnjnfO{ ;d] t hgfpF5 .
υ
#= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P] gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]k fn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgodx¿
agfpg] ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] ;j{; fdfGotfdf k|lts" n c;/ gkg]{ u/L vf; u/L b]xfosf
ljifodf lgodx¿ agfpg ;lsg] 5 M–
-s_ g]kfn /fHosf] s' g} :yfgdf ljdfg:yn :yfkgf ug{ kfpg] cj:yf, ;f] sf] nflu
cg' dlt lbg] / b:t" / tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf .
-v_ g]kfn /fHosf] xjfO{ If] qsf] s'g} efudf jfo' ofg p8fg k"0 f{ ¿kdf dgfxL ug]{ jf
s'g} vf; cj:yfdf / ;dodf dfq p8fg ug{ kfpg] ;DaGwdf .
-u_ xjfO{ p8fgsf] ;Gbe{ df ;j{; fwf/0fsf] hLp Hofgsf] /Iffsf] nflu cfjZos s' g}
pkfo cjnDag ug]{ ;DaGwdf .
-3_ ljdfg:yn lgdf{0 f tyf ;~rfng ug]{ ;Gbe{ df s;} sf] 3/, ejg, 6x/f, 6fj/
OToflb k" /} jf s]xL eTsg] ePdf jf ljdfg:yn tyf ljdfg:yn If] qsf] hUufdf
x'g] s' g} lsl;dsf] lgdf{0 f sfo{n fO{ lgoldt, lgoGq0f jf lgif] w ubf{ kg{ hfg]
xfgL gf]S;fgL jfktsf] Ifltk"lt{ sf] /sd lgwf{l/t ug]{ tl/sf tyf clwsf/L tf]Sg]
/ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] ;DaGwdf .
-ª_ jfo' ofgåf/f s' g} kbfy{ cf] ;f/ k;f/ ug{ dgfxL, lgoGq0f, lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{
;DaGwdf .
-r_ jfo' ;]jf ;~rfng ;+: yf, xjfO{ p8fg ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f ;+:yf -ˆnfOË :s" n_ /
jfo' ofg tyf jfo'ofgsf] kf6{k"hf{sf] pTkfbg, dd{ t tyf k/LIf0f ;lxtsf lj:t[t
dd{t -cf] e/xn_ ug]{ ;+: yfnfO{ Ohfht lbg] ;DaGwdf .
-5_ jfo' ofgsf] vf] htnf; tyf p4f/ sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf .
-h_ jfo' ofgsf] cfjfh lgoGq0f ug]{ / jfo' ofg ;Grfngaf6 jftfj/0fnfO{ b'lift
x'gaf6 /f] s nufpg] ;DaGwdf .

υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
3
$= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf cfb]z hf/L ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M -!_ ;fj{ hlgs ;' /Iff Pj+ zflGt
;'Joj:yfsf] lgldQ cfjZos b] v]df g] kfn ;/sf/n] g]k fn /fhkqdf k| sflzt cfb] zåf/f b] xfo
adf]lhd ug{ ;S5 M–
υ
-s_ of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k| bfg ul/Psf] ;a} jf s' g} nfO;]G; jf
k|df0fkqnfO{ ;f] cfb] zdf g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fgL s' g} zt{ tf]l slbPsf]
eP ;f] xL zt{ adf]lhd / s'g} zt{ tf]ls glbPsf] eP ljgf s' g} zt{ /2 jf
:ylut ug{,
-v_ g]kfn /fHoe/ jf To;sf] s'g} efu dfly ;a} jf s'g} >]0fLsf] jfo'o fg p8fpg]
sfdnfO{ ;f] cfb] zdf g]k fn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fgL s' g} zt{ tf]lslbPsf] eP
;f]xL zt{ adf]lhd / s' g} zt{ tf]l sglbPsf] eP ljgf s' g} zt{ lgif]w ug{ jf
;f]xL cfb] zdf tf]l sPsf] cGo tl/sf adf]lhd Jojl:yt ug{ ,
-u_ ljdfg:yn, jfo' ofg sf/vfgf, xjfO{: s" n jf Snj jf jfo'o fg agfpg] jf dd{t
x'g] jf /flvg] c¿ k| sf/sf] :yfg agfpg] x] /rfx Pj+ cfjZos dd{t u/L b' ?:t
/fVg] jf k|o f]u ug]{ sfdnfO{ s'g} zt{ /fvL jf g/fvL lgif]w ug{ jf Jojl:yt
ug{,
-3_ s'g} jfo' ofg jf s' g} >]0fLsf jfo' o fg jf s'g} ljdfg:yn jfo' ofg sf/vfgf,
xjfO{ :s"n jf SnjnfO{ jf jfo' ofg agfpg], dd{t ug]{ jf /fVg] c¿ k|sf/sf]
:yfgnfO{ jfo' ofgsf] ;~rfng, pTkfbg, dd{t jf x]/rfxsf] lgldQ k| of] u x' g]
oGq, KnfG6 jf c¿ kbfy{ x¿ ;lxt t'?Gt jf ;f]xL cfb] z df tf]l sPsf] ;doleq
tf]lsPsf] tl/sf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Lsf lhDdfdf ;' Dkg lgb]{ zg lbg] ,
To;/L ;'lDkPsf s'/fxnfO{ g]k fn ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;]j fdf k|o f]u ug{ ;Sg] .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ cGtu{t lgsflnPsf] s'g} cfb] z af6 s' g} JolQmnfO{
k|ToIf ¿kaf6 s' g} xfgL jf gf]S;fgL x' g uPdf g] kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;f] sfdsf] lgldQ lgo' Qm
clwsf/Ln] lgwf{l /t u/] s f] Ifltk"lt{ sf] /sd ;f] xfgL jf gf] S;fgL jfkt lghnfO{ lbOg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t lgsflnPsf] s' g} cfb] zsf] kfngsf] nflu g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm" n ]
cfjZos 7fg]sf] sbd p7fpg jf p7fpg nufpg ;S5 .

υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
4
 ↑
-$_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t lgsflnPsf] cfb] zsf] kfng gu/] df jf To:tf]
cfb]z sf] pNn+ 3g x'g] s'g} sfd sf/jfO{ u/] df lghnfO{ tLg jif{;Dd s} b jf kfF r xhf/
¿k} ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b' a} ;hfoF x'g] 5 .
τ
$s= ljdfg:yn If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"r gf k|sfzg u/L
g]kfn /fHosf] s' g} If] q jf 7fpFn fO{ To;sf] rf/ lsNnf tf] sL ljdfg:yn If] q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] 5
.
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] ljdfg:yn If] qsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/n] lgod agfO{ cfjZostfg' ;f/ ;'/Iff k| aGwsf] Jj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg] 5 .
%= b'3{6 gfsf] hfFrsf] ;DaGwdf lgod agfpg] g]k fn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn /fHodfly
jfo' ofg p8fpF bf ePsf] jf g] kfn /fHoleq /lhi6«]zg ePsf jfo'o fg cGoq p8fpF bf ePsf]
b' 3{6 gfsf] hfFrsf] ;DaGwdf g]k fn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;S5 . lgodx¿ g] kfn /fhkqdf
k|sflzt ePkl5 nfu" x' g]5g\ .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{ ;fdfGotfdf s' g} k|lts" n k|efj gkf/L tL
lgoddf b] xfosf s' /fx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] 5 M–
-s_ b' 3{6 gfsf] ;"r gf lbg], To:tf] ;" rgfsf] 9fFrf / To:tf] ;"r gf lbg] JolQm,
-v_ b' 3{6 gfsf] hfFr ug]{ ;DaGwdf tTsfn nfu" /x]s f g] kfn sfg" gsf
s'/fx¿ s] xL x] /km]/ eO{ jf geO{ To:tf] b' 3{6gfsf] hfF r ug]{ ;DaGwdf
klg nfu" ug]{ ,
-u_ hfFr eO{ g;s]; Dd To:tf] b' 3{6 gf ePsf] jfo' ofgdf k|j] z ug{ jf xft
xfNg dgfxL ug]{ / To:tf] hfF rsf] lgldQ ;f] jfo' ofgdf k|j] z ug{ ,
To;sf] hfFr ug{ , To;nfO{ x6fpg] , To;sf] lxkmfhtsf] nflu rflxg]
sfd ug{ jf c¿ k|sf/af6 To;sf] Jojxf/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ s' g}
JolQmnfO{ lbg] /
-3_ b' 3{6 gfsf] hfF rdf cfjZos b]lvP υof] P] g jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
lbPsf] jf dfGotf lbOPsf] nfO;]G ; k| df0fkqnfO{ /2L jf :ylut jf

↑
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
τ
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf}yf] ;+zf] wg_ P] g, @)%# åf/f yk .
υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
5
 b/kL7 jf lkmtf{ a'emfpg nufpg], u/fpg] jf u/fpg clwsf/ lbg] /
To:tf] hfFrsf] k| of]h gsf] lgldQ To:tf] s' g} nfO;] G; k]z ug{ nufpg] .
^= jfo'o fg /f]Ssf ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;f] sfdsf] lgldQ clwsf/ kfPsf
clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s' g} jfo' ofgnfO{ /f]Ssf ug{;S5 M–
-s_ ug{ nfu] sf] p8fgsf] k|s[ltsf] ljrf/n] ;f] jfo'o fgsf] p8fgaf6 To;df
/x]s f JolQm jf c¿ s'g} JolQmsf] lgldQ jf s;}s f] hfoh]yfdf vt/f
x'g] z+ sf nfu] df, jf
-v_ of] P]g jf ;f] jfo'ofgsf ;DaGwdf nfu" x' g] lgodsf s'g} s' /fsf]
kfngsf] nflu jf bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] υv08 -v_ cGtu{t ag]sf]
s'g} lgod pNn+ 3g /f] Sgsf] nflu cfjZos nfu]df .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] clwsf/sf] k| of] usf] nflu ;xfos x'g] jf cfsl:ds ;a}
sfd s' /fx¿ Jojl:yt ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;S5 . tL lgod g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sflzt ePkl5 nfu" x' g]5g\ .
&= k fn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M s'g} ljdfg:yndf
;fj{hlgs :jf:Yosf] /Iffsf] nflu lgod agfpg] g]kfn
ePsf jf cfO{ k' u]s f jfo'o fgaf6 s' g} ;?jf /f]u km} nL ;fj{ hlgs :jf:Yodf x' g] vt/faf6
arfpgsf] nflu / ljdfg:ynaf6 k|:yfg ug]{ jfo'ofgn] To:tf] ;?jf /f] u cf] ;fg{ gkfpg] ug{sf]
nflu g] kfn ;/sf/n] lgod agfpg ;S5 . tL lgod g] kfn /fhkqdf k| s flzt ePkl5 nfu"
x'g]5g\ .
*= ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yosf] /Iffsf] nflu ljz]ifflwsf/ M -!_ g]k fn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fHo jf To;sf] s' g}
efudf s'g} vt/gfs dxfdf/L /f]u km} n]sf] jf km} ng] ;Defjgf 5 / jfo'o fgaf6 To:tf] /f] u km} n ]
jf k|j]z u/] af6 ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yodf x' g] vt/f /f] Sgsf] nflu tTsfn nfu" /x] sf] c¿ g]kfn
sfg"g kof{Kt 5}g eGg] cfˆgf]] ljrf/df nfu] df To:tf] vt/f /f] Sgsf] nflu cfkm" nfO{ cfjZos
nfu] sf] sbd p7fpg jf p7fpg nufpg ;S5 .
↔
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] p2]Z o k"lt{ sf] nflu g] kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf
k|sflzt u/L cfjZos cfb] z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

↔
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -t] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#$ åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
6
(= of] P]g cGtu{t ag]s f lgod pNn+3g ug]{nfO{ b08 ;hfo M bkmf #, bkmf %, bkmf ^, bkmf & /
bkmf * cGtu{t ag]s f s' g} lgod τjf hf/L /x] s f] cfb] z pNn+ 3g ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd
s}b jf υbz xhf/ ¿k} ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b' a} ;hfoF x' g]5 .
τ
(s= ck/fw / b08 ;hfo M -!_ b] xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} sfo{x¿ u/] df b]xfo adf]lhdsf ck/fw u/]sf]
dflgg] 5 M–
-s_ cglws[t k| j]z ;DaGwL ck/fw M of] P]g jf k|rlnt sfg" g adf]lhd cg' dlt k| fKt gu/L
s'g} jfo'o fg g] kfn /fHoleq k|j] z u/] df cglws[t k|j] zsf] ck/fw u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
-v_ xjfO{ If] q cltqmd0f ;DaGwL ck/fw M k|rlnt sfg" g adf]lhd cg' dlt k|fKt gu/L s' g}
jfo' ofg g]k fn /fHosf] e" –efudflyaf6 p8fg -cf]e /ˆnfO{ _ u/] df xjfO{ If] q cltqmd0f
;DaGwL ck/fw u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
-u_ jfo' ofgsf] u}/ sfg"gL sAhf / ckx/0fsf] ck/fw M p8fgdf /x] sf jfo' ofgleq s;} n ]
u}/ sfg"gL ¿kn] an k| of]u u/L jf ;f] k| of]u ug]{ wDsL lbO{ jf c¿ s' g} k|sf/sf] 8/
qf; b]v fO{ jfo' ofgnfO{ sAhfdf lnPdf jf To; pk/ lgoGq0f u/] df jfo' ofgsf] u} /
sfg"gL sAhf / ckx/0fsf] ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg] 5 .
-3_ xjfO{ p8fgsf] ;' /Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M b] xfo adf]lhdsf s' g} sfo{x¿ u/] df xjfO{
p8fgsf] ;' /Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw u/] sf] dflgg] 5 M–
(1) p8fgdf /x] sf jfo'o fgleq s' g} JolQm lj?4 lx+ ;fTds sfd sf/jfO{ u/]df jf
To:tf] sfd sf/jfO{n] jfo'ofgsf] ;' /Iffdf vt/f x' g] ;+efjgf ePdf,
(2) ;]jfdf ;Grflnt jfo' ofgnfO{ gi6 u/] df jf To:tf] jfo'ofgnfO{ p8fgsf] nflu
c;Ifd agfO{ jf p8fgdf To;sf] ;' /Iffdf vt/f x'g] ;Defjgf kf/L Iflt
kf/]df,
(3) e"ld:y jfo' ofg jf jfo'ofgdf hl8t kf6{k" hf{ jf pks/0f jf xjfO{ kl/jxg
;DaGwL ;'ljwfx¿ -km]l ;lnl6h_ jf ;Grf/ p8\ 8og ;xfo pks/0f jf clUg
lgjf/0f jf hLjgf]4f/ ;]jf tyf ;' /Iff pks/0f jf ;f] ;DaGwL dfn;fdfg jf
j:t' cflb gi6 u/]df jf Iflt k'¥ofPdf jf To;sf] s'g} efu jf kf6{k"hf{
cglws[t tj/af6 lems] df jf ltgsf] ;~rfngdf x:tIf] k u/] df,

τ
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf}yf] ;+zf] wg_ P] g, @)%# åf/f yk .
υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .

7
 (4) c;To xf] eGg] hfgL hfgL s'g} ;"r gfsf] ;Grf/ u/L p8fgdf /x]s f] jfo' ofgsf]
;'/Iffdf vt/f k} bf u/] df .
-ª_ jfo' ofgsf] ;' /Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M ;]j fdf ;Grflnt jf e"l d:y jfo' ofgdf h' g;' s}
pkfoåf/f s' g} ;fwg -8]e fO;_ jf j:t' /fvL jf /fVg nufPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] ;fwg jf
j:t'af6 v08 -3_ sf] pkv08 -@_ adf]lhd ;f] jfo' ofg gi6 jf p8fgsf] nflu c;Ifd
x'g] jf p8fgdf To;sf] ;'/Iffdf vt/f k'Ug] ;Defjgf ePdf jfo' ofgsf] ;' /Iff lj?4sf]
ck/fw u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-r_ ljdfg:yn ;' /Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M ljdfg:yn tyf ljdfg:yn If] qleq jf aflx/ /x]sf
;Grf/ tyf p8\8og ;xfo pks/0f, b[l i6ut ;xfo -leh'o n P8\ ; _, df} ; d tyf
hnjfo' ;DaGwL pks/0f, cUgL lgjf/0f tyf hLjgf]4f/ ;]jf ;DaGwL oGq tyf
pks/0f, ;' /Iff ;DaGwL cGo pks/0f tyf oGq tyf xjfO{ p8fg;+u k| ToIf jf ck|T oIf
¿kdf ;DalGwt cGo oGq, pks/0f, ejg, wfjgdfu{, wfjgdfu{t km{ hfg] af6f] -6\ ofS;L
j]_, lj;fg -Pk| f]g _, jfo'o fg /fVg] :yfg -XofË/_ cflb jf ;f] ;DaGwL dfn;fdfg s' g}
klg k| sf/n] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf ljuf/] , eTsfP, Iflt k'¥ofP jf gi6 u/]df ljdfg:yn
;'/Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw u/] sf] dflgg]5 .
-5_ xjfO{ oftfoft;+u ;DalGwt JolQmsf] ;' /Iff lj?4sf] ck/fw M xjfO{ p8fg sfo{ ;+u
;DalGwt s' g} klg sd{r f/L, ljdfg:yndf sfo{ /t ;/sf/L jf u} / ;/sf/L sd{ rf/L,
xjfO{ ofq' nufot ljdfg:yndf cfuGt' s s' g} klg JolQmnfO{ xft xltof/ lnO{ jf
glnO{ 8/, wDsL, k| nf]e g jf c¿ s' g} tl/sf ckgfO{ ckx/0f u/L jf sAhfdf lnO{
cfˆgf]] st{ Joaf6 ljrlnt kf/L jf cGo s' g} lsl;daf6 xjfO{ p8fg ;~rfng tyf
;'/Iffdf vt/f jf afwf pTkGg u/fpg] sfo{ u/] df xjfO{ oftfoft;+u ;DalGwt JolQmsf]
;'/Iff lj?4 ck/fw u/]s f] dflgg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_ / -5_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fwsf] pBf]u ug'{, ;f]
ck/fw ug{ jf ck/fwsf] pBf]u ug{ df dltof/ x'g' klg o; bkmf cGtu{t sf] ck/fw dflgg]5 .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt b]xfosf] ck/fw ug]{nfO{ b] xfo adf]lhd ;hfoF x'g]5M–

8
 -s_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{ nfO{ Ps jif{b]l v tLg jif{; Dd
s}b x' g]5 .
-v_ v08 -u_, -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{ nfO{ hGd s} b / To:tf]
ck/fw ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf dltof/ x' g]n fO{ kGw|b]l v aL; jif{ ;Dd s} b
x'g]5 .
-u_ v08 -r_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{af6 ePsf] gf] S;fgL ljuf] e/fO{
lghnfO{ Ps jif{ b]lv kfF r jif{ ;Dd s} b x' g]5 .
-3_ v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{n fO{ kfF r jif{ b]lv bz jif{ ;Dd s} b
x'g]5 .
-ª_ dflysf v08x¿df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] s' g} ck/fw
u/] sf] kmn:j¿k jfo'ofgdf /x]s f s' g} JolQmsf] d[T o' ePdf jf jfo' ofg
g} Wj:t ePdf ck/fw ug]{n fO{ hGds} b / dltof/nfO{ hGds} b jf kGw|
jif{ b]lv aL; jif{;Dd s}b x' g]5 / ck/fwL / dltof/sf] ;DklQ ;d]t
hkmt x' g]5 .

↓(v= p8fgdf /x]s f] jf ;]j fdf ;Grflnt jfo'o fg M

-s_ ;a} rl9;s]/ ;a} aflx/L 9f]sfx¿ aGb u/] sf] ;dob]lv cf]n{ gsf] lgldQ To:tf] s' g}
9f] sf vf] Ng] ;do;Dd s' g} jfo' ofg p8fgdf /x] sf] dflgg] 5 .
t/ ;+ s6sfnLg cjt/0fsf xsdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] jfo'o fg / To;df /x]sf]
ofq' / dfn;fdfgsf] pQ/bfloTj glnP;Dd ;f] jfo'o fg p8fgsf] cj:yfdf g} /x]sf]
dflgg] 5 .
-v_ s'g} vf; p8fgsf] nflu e'ld:y sd{rf/L -u|fp08_ k/zf]g] n jf rfns bnåf/f
jfo' ofgsf] p8fg k"j{ sf] t}o f/L k|f/De u/] b]lv cjt/0f u/] sf] rf} aL; 306f;Dd s' g}
jfo' ofg ;] jfdf ;Grflnt /x]s f] dflgg] 5 . To:tf] ;]jfdf ;Grflnt cjlw h' g;' s}
cj:yfdf klg v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] p8fg cjlwe/ klg sfod /x] s f] dflgg] 5 .
↓
(u= bkmf (s= nfu" x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf bkmf (s= sf] Joj:yf nfu" x' g]5M–

↓
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f yk .
9
 -s_ cGt/f{li6«o jf cfGtl/s h'g;' s} p8fgdf jfo'ofg pkof] u -Pgu] h_ ePsf] df,
t/, g] kfn afx] s cGo /fi6« df btf{ ePsf] jfo' ofgsf xsdf b] xfosf] cj:yf x' g' k5{ M–
-c_ p8fg ug]{ jf cjt/0f ug]{ jf:tljs jf OlR5t :yfg btf{ sf] /fi6« aflx/ eP jf,
-cf_ btf{ s f] /fi6«eGbf aflx/ ck/fw eP .
-v_ xjfO{ kl/jxg ;DaGwL ;'ljwf -km]l;lnl6h_ lj?4sf] ck/fw ePsf] df . t/ ljb] zL /fi6«
l:yt To:tf] ;'ljwf -km]l;lnl6h_ eP To:tf] ;'ljwf cGt/f{l i6« o p8fgsf] nflu k|o f]u
ul/Psf] x' g' k5{ .

↓ ↔
(3= clwsf/ If]q M -!_ b] xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf bkmf (s= cGtu{t sf] ck/fw pk/ g]k fn /fHosf]
cbfntsf] clwsf/ If] q x' g]5 M–
-s_ g]kfn /fHoleq o; P]g adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ePsf] df,
-v_ g]kfn /fHodf btf{ ePsf] jfo' ofgdf jf ;f] lj?4 ck/fw ePsf] df,
-u_ jfo' ofgleq ck/fw ePsf] df ;f] ck/fwsf] cleo' Qm ;lxt jfo' ofg
g]kfn /fHoleq cjt/0f u/] s f] df,
-3_ g]kfn /fHoleq sf/f]af/sf] d'Vo :yfg ePsf] jf g]kfn /fHoleq To:tf]
d'Vo :yfg gePsf] df klg g]kfn /fHoleq jf;:yfg ePsf] JolQmnfO{
rfns ljlxgk§f -8«fOlnh_ df lbPsf] jfo'o fgdf jf To;sf] lj?4
ck/fw ePsf] df .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPsf] cj:yf afx] s bkmf (s= cGtu{ tsf] ck/fw cGoq hxfF;'s}
ePklg olbTo:tf] ck/fwsf] cleo' Qm g] kfn /fHoleq 5 eg] / To:tf] cleo' QmnfO{ of] P]g jf
g]kfn kIf ePsf] ;'k' b{uL ;lGw adf]lhd ;'k b{uL ul/+ b}g eg] .

↓
(ª= lu/ˆtf/ ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] ck/fw ePdf jf x' g nfu] df ck/fwL jf
cleo' QmnfO{ ljdfg:ynsf] clwsf/Lx¿, jfo' ofgsf rfnsx¿ jf ;DalGwt xjfO{ oftfoft
;]jfsf clwsf/Lx¿n] ck/fw ePsf] jf x' g nfu]sf] b] Vg] jf ck/fwL jf cleo' Qm of] JolQm xf]
eGg] ljZjf; lng] sf/0f eO{ ljZjf; lng] h' g;' s} JolQm, k| x/L jf zfxL ;]g fsf hjfg jf ;' /Iff
↓
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f yk .
↔
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -t] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#$ åf/f ;+zf] lwt .

10
 clwsf/L jf hf] ;'s}n] kqmfp ug{ ;Sg]5 / lghx¿n] kqmfp u/]kl5 t'?Gt k| x/LnfO{ a'e mfO{ lbg'
k5{ .
t/ To:tf] ck/fwL jf cleo' QmnfO{ kqmfp ubf{ ofq' jf cGo JolQmx¿sf] hLjgsf] vt/f
x'g] ePdf jf jfo'ofg jf xjfO{ kl/jxg ;'ljwf -km]l;lnl6h_ df 7"n f] Iflt k'Ug] cf;Gg l:ylt
ePdf k| x/L / ;' /Iff clwsf/L afx] s c¿n] eP k|x/L jf ;' /Iff clwsf/Lsf] cg' dltn] dfq
kqmfp ug]{ sf/jfxL ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd xjfO{ c8\8 fsf] clwsf/Lx¿, k| x/L, ;' /Iff clwsf/Lx¿n] kqmfp
ug{ ;z:q k| x/L, ;' /Iff clwsf/L / zfxL ;] gf jf cGo ;/sf/L / u}/ ;/sf/L JolQmsf] d2t
dfUg ;Sg] 5 / To:tf] d2t dfu] df d2t lbg' To:tf ;a} sf] st{Jo x'g] 5 .
-#_ o; bkmf adf]lhd kqmfp k/]sf] ck/fwL jf cleo' Qm olb ljb] zL /fi6« sf] gful/s eP
lghnfO{ cfˆgf]] d'n's sf] glhssf] pko' Qm k|ltlglw;+u ;Dks{ :yflkt ug]{ df} sf / ;xof]u lbg'
kg]{ 5 / ;fy} To:tf] kqmfpsf] va/ / cGo k|f/lDes hfF ra'em u/L ;s] kl5 To:tf] hfFr a'e msf]
7x/ / o; P] gsf] clwsf/ If] q k| of]u ug]{ jf gug]{ af/] ;d] tsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt /fi6« x¿nfO{
lbg' k5{ .
↓
(r= ck/fwL jf cleo'QmnfO{ ;'k'b{uL ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf (s= adf]lhdsf] ck/fw ug]{ JolQm u} /
g]kfnL gful/s eP / To:tf] JolQmsf] ;'k'b{u Lsf] nflu cfˆgf]] If] qdf jf cfˆgf]] btf{ sf] jfo' ofg
lj?4 ck/fw ePsf] /fi6«n] dfu u/] df υ;' k' b{uL P] g, @)$% df h'g ;' s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;' k'b{uL ug{ ;Sg] 5 . / To;/L ;'k'b{uL gul/Psf] cj:yfdf
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;hfoF u/fpg g]kfnsf] cbfntdf d'2f rnfOg] 5 .
-@_ ;'k' b{uL ug]{ ;DaGwdf bkmf (s= cGtu{t sf] s' g} ck/fwnfO{ h' g;' s} l:yltsf]
JolQmaf6 h'g ;'s} p2]Zon] eP u/] sf] eP klg /fhg}lts ck/fw dflgg] 5}g .
↓ (5= jfo'o fgsf] sAhf lkmtf{ lbg] / p8fg ug{ lbg] M υbkmf (s= sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_
cGtu{t u} / sfg"gL sAhf jf ckx/0f eO{ s' g} jfo'o fg g] kfn /fHosf] s'g} xjfO{ c8\8 f jf
:yfgdf cjt/0f ePdf To:tf] jfo'o fg pk/ sfg"gL clwsf/ ePsf sdf08/ jf xjfO{ oftfoft
;]jfsf clwsf/LnfO{ k'gM sAhfdf lbnfOg]5 / oyf;Dej rfF 8} To:tf] jfo'ofgnfO{ cfˆgf]] rfns,
ofq' / dfn;fdfg ;lxt hxfF af6 p8fg u/L cfPsf] xf] To; 7fpF df jf hxfFsf] nflu p8fg
ul/Psf] lyof] To; 7fpF df hfg ljgf s' g} cj/f] w p8fg ug{ lbOg] 5 .

↓
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f yk .
υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
11
↓ (h= cGo g]k fn sfg"g cGtu{tsf] clwsf/ If]q Mbkmf (s= cGtu{ tsf ck/fwsf] ;hfoF / sf/jfxLsf]
xsdf o; P] gdf h' g;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg To:tf] k| rlnt sfg" gaf6 k|fKt kmf}h bf/L
clwsf/ If] qsf] k| of]u nfO{ afx] s jf ;Lldt u/] sf] dflgg] 5} g .
↓ (em= xjfO{ ;]j fdf cglws[t x:tIf]k /f]syfd ug]{ ;DaGwL dxf;l
dxf;lGwsf] dfGotf M -!_ g]k fn ;/sf/n]
b]xfosf] s'g} dxf;lGw -sGe]Gzg_ sf] kIf ePdf To:tf] dxf;lGw, ;f] dxf;lGw g] kfn /fHodf
nfu" x'g] ldlt / To:tf] dxf;lGwnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cfjZos kg]{ cGo s' /fx¿
;d] t pNn] v u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfb] z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 / To:tf] cfb]z g]kfn /fhkqdf
k|sflzt ul/g]5 M–
-s_ ;g\ !(^# df 6f]lsof] df ;DkGg ePsf] jfo' ofgleq u/] sf] s;"/ / cGo
sfo{ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw -sGe]G zg cg ckm]G;]h P08 ;6]{g cb/ PS6\ ;
sld6]8 cg af] 8{ Po/qmfˆ6, 6f]lsof] , !(^#_,
-v_ ;g\ !(&) df x]u df ;DkGg ePsf] jfo' ofgsf] u} / sfg" gL sAhfsf] bdg
;DaGwL dxf;lGw -sGe]G zg km/ b ;k|] zg ckm cgnkm"n l;h/ ckm
Po/qmfˆ6 x]u , !(&)_,
-u_ ;g\ !(&! df dlG6« ondf ;DkGg ePsf] u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fgsf]
;'/Iffsf] lj?4 ul/g] u} / sfg" gL sf/jfxLsf] bdg ;DaGwL dxf;lGw
-sGe]G ;g km/ b ;k|]zg ckm cgkm" n PS6\ ; cu]g:6 b ;]ˆ 6L ckm
l;len PlePzg, dlG6«o n, !(&!_
τ
-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]k fn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k| sfzg u/L tf] s]sf cGo
dxf;lGw -sGe]G ;g_ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] cfb] z o;} P]g df k/] ;/x dflgg] 5 .
υ
!)= vt/fhgs tl/sfaf6 jfo'o fg p8fpg]n fO{ b08 ;hfo M -!_ hn, :yn jf xjfO{ If] qdf /x]sf]
s'g} JolQmsf] hLp Hofg jf ;DklQdf xfgL gf] S;fgL x' g] lsl;dn] jf p8fgdf /x] sf] jf g/x]sf]
cGo s'g} jfo' ofgnfO{ ;d]t afwf k'U g] jf xfgL gf] S;fgL k'U g ;Sg] lsl;daf6 s;} n] vt/fhgs
tl/sfaf6 jfo' ofg p8fPdf lghnfO{ 5 dlxgf;Dd s} b / krf; xhf/b]lv Psnfv ¿k}of;Dd
hl/jfgf x'g] 5 .

τ
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf}yf] ;+zf] wg_ P] g, @)%# åf/f yk .
υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
12
 -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vt/fhgs tl/sfaf6 jfo' ofg p8fPsf] sf/0faf6 bkmf (s=
sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd s;}s f] d'T o' ePdf jf jfo'ofg Wj:t ePdf ;f] xL v08df
n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ;hfoF x'g] 5 .
↓
!)s= lglif4 If]qdf Ohfht glnO{ k|j]z ug]{n fO{ ;hfoF M -!_ g] kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf
k|sflzt u/L ;f] xL ;" rgfdf tf]lsPsf] s' g} ljdfg:ynsf] tf]lsPsf] If] qnfO{ lglif4 If] q 3f]lift
ug{ ;Sg] 5 / To;/L 3f]lift ePkl5 ;f] lglif4 If] qsf] jl/kl/ ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] cfjfudg x'g] d'Vo
d'Vo 7fpF df To:tf] ;"rgf k| bz{ g u/L /fVg] lhDd] jf/L ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf] k| d'v clwsf/L
x'g]5 .
-@_ ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf] k| d'v clwsf/Ln] plrt 7x/fO{ s' g} ;dodf s]xL cjlwsf]
nflu To:tf] If] qleq ;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ cfjfudg ug{ lbg] ;" rgf k| bz{ g u/] sf] eP o; pkbkmfsf]
k|of] hgsf] nflu ;f] ;dodf To:tf] lglif4 If] qleq k|j] z ug{ Ohfht k| fKt ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] ljkl/t lglif4 If] qleq k|j]z ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt ljdfg:ynsf]
k|d'v clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] b'O{;o ¿k} ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g ;Sg] 5 .
↓!)v= ofq' jf c¿ s'g} JolQmsf] z/L/ jf dfn;fdfgsf] vfgtnf;L lng] M -!_ bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf
ck/fw x' gaf6 arfp ug{sf] nflu s'g} ljdfg:ynsf] k| d'v clwsf/L jf ;f] sfdsf]
nflu clVtof/ k|f Kt sd{r f/L jf k| x/L jf ;' /Iff clwsf/Ln] p8fgsf] nflu t}of/ ePsf]
s'g} jfo'ofgdf r9\g' cufl8 jf r9L ;s]kl5 ofq' x¿sf z/L/ / ltgsf dfg;fdfgsf]
vfgtnf;L lng ;Sg]5 / To:tf] vfgtnf;L ln+bf s'g} a} 1flgs ;fwg / pks/0fsf]
klg k|of] u ug{ ;lsg]5 .

o:tf] vfgtnf;L ;f] jfo'ofgsf] rfnsx¿ / ;f] p8fgsf] Joj:yf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
jfo' ofgdf r9\ g] jf ;f] 5]p hfg] ;f] xjfO{ oftfoft ;]j fsf clwsf/Lx¿ nufot ;a}
sfdbf/x¿sf] klg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vfgtnf;L u/fpgaf6 OGsf/ ug]{ ofq' jf JolQmnfO{ ;f]
jfo' ofgdf r9\ g jf ;f] 5]p hfg glbg ;lsg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ofq' x¿ / rfnsx¿sf] vfgtnf;L ubf{ s' g} aGb" s -;a}
k|sf/sf] _ ;SsnL aGb"s h:tf] b]lvg] jf e| d kg]{ gSsnL aGb" s afx] s cGo 3fts xltof/ -

↓
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f yk .
13
 t/jf/, v's'/L, 5' /f nufot_ jf ljikmf]6 s kbfy{ -ad, lu| g]8, uf]n L, af¿b nufot_ a/fdb
ePdf b] xfo adf]lhd ug'{ k5{M –
-s_ To:tf] aGb" s jf ljikmf] 6 s kbfy{ cj} w eP ;f] ofq' jf JolQmnfO{ /f] sL sfg"gL
sf/jfxLsf] nflu k|x/L lhDdf nufO{ lbg] .
-v_ o:tf] aGb"s gSsnL aGb" s, cGo 3fts xltof/ jf laikmf]6 s kbfy{ cj}w geP
klg ;f] wk" 5 ubf{ klg hfgsf/L glbO{ n' s fO{ l5kfO{ /fVg] jf nUg] k| oTg u/] sf] df
ljdfg:ynsf] k| d'v clwsf/L jf ;f] sfdsf] nflu clVtof/ k| fKt sd{ rf/L jf
k|x/L jf ;' /Iff clwsf/Ln] plrt 7x/fP adf]lhd ;f] ;SsnL jf gSsnL aGb"s,
3fts xltof/ jf laikmf]6 s kbfy{nfO{ jfo' ofgsf] k| d'v rfns -sdf08/_ lhDdf
nufO{ k7fpg jf To;nfO{ /f] sL ;f] ofq' jf rfnsnfO{ dfq hfg lbg jf ;f]
ofq' jf rfnsnfO{ ;d]t /f] sL cfjZos hfFra'em u/L s' g} ck/flws dg;fo
gb]l vPsf] s' /fdf cfkm" ;Gt' i6 ePdf dfq ;f] ofq' jf rfnsnfO{ hfg jf ;f]
aGb"s xltof/ ljikmf] 6s kbfy{ n} hfg lbg] 5 .
-$_ s' g} JolQmn] bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] jf cGo k|rlnt g]kfn sfg" g cGtu{ tsf] kmf}Hbf/L
ck/fw ug]{ x]t'n] s' g} k| sf/sf] aGb" s, gSsnL aGb"s, 3fts xltof/ jf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ lnO{
ljdfg:yn jf To;sf] s' g} lglif4 If] qleq k| j]z u/] sf] 5 jf ug{ nfu] sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L k| fKt
ePdf jf z+sf ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ePdf ljdfg:ynsf] k| d'v clwsf/L jf lghaf6 To; sfdsf]
nflu clVtof/ k|fKt sd{ rf/L jf ;' /Iff clwsf/L jf ljdfg:ynsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu t} gfy ul/Psf]
k|x/L jf ;}l gs clwsf/Ln] ljgf jf/]0 6 To:tf JolQmsf] z/L/ / lghsf] ;fydf /x]sf]
dfn;fdfgsf] vfgtnf;L lng ;Sg] 5 / To:tf] aGb" s, cGo xltof/ jf ljikmf] 6s kbfy{ a/fdb
ePdf cfjZos hfFr a'em u/L sf/jfxL ug{ k|x/L lhDdf nufO{ lbg] 5 .
-%_ cfˆgf]] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf s' g} sd{rf/Ln] c;n lgotn] s;}n fO{ of] bkmf
adf]lhd jfo' ofgdf r9\ g jf ;f] 5]p jf ljdfg:ynsf] s' g} lglif4 If] qdf s;} nfO{ hfg glb+ bf jf
/f] Sbf jfo'o fgsf] p8fg ;dodf l9nfO{ ePdf jf s' g} Iflt ePdf klg To;sf] nflu ;f]
sd{rf/Lsf] s;} k|lt s'g} sfg" gL bfloTj x'g] 5} g .
→
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of]hgsf] nflu ærfnsx¿Æ eGgfn] ˆnfO6 OlGhlgo/, /]l8of]
clkm;/, ˆnfO6 g]leu] 6/, Po/ xf]:6]h, s]ljg P6]08]0 6 / k;{ /nfO{ ;d]t hgfpg] 5 .

→
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -t] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#$ åf/f yk .
14
!!= ck/fw ug{ b'? T;fxg ug]{ / k|o Tg ug]{nfO{ b08 ;hfoF M s' g} JolQmn] of] P] g jf o; P] g
cGtu{t ag] sf lgod cGtu{ t τlgwf{l/t xjfO{ ;' /Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf tyf cGo s'/f pNn+ 3g
u/L ;hfoF x'g] ck/fw ug{ c¿nfO{ b'?T;fxg u/] df jf To:tf] ck/fw ug{ k|o Tg u/L ck/fw x' g]
lsl;dsf] s'g} sfo{ u/] df lghnfO{ ;f] ck/fw u/] jfkt x'g] ;/x s} b08 ;hfoF x'g]5 .
↑
!@= d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L / d'2fsf] sf/jfO{
sf/jfO{ M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] d'2fsf] z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug]{
clwsf/ :yfgLo lhNnf cbfntnfO{ x' g]5 .
-@_ d'2fsf] lsgf/f nufpF bf lhNnf cbfntn] bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] υv08 -v_ jf -
ª_ sf] ;DaGwdf ag] sf] lgod adf]lhdsf] s;"/ / bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] cfb] z alv{nfk
u/] sf] s;"/l;t ;DalGwt jfo'o fg jf kbfy{ jf b' a} hkmt u/L g]k fn ;/sf/ nfUg] u/L cfb] z
lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-#_ bkmf (s= cGtu{t sf] s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ubf{ lhNnf cbfntn]
±
ljz] if cbfnt P] g, @)%( adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k|0ffnL ckgfpg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lhNnf cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{ o pk/ k}t L; lbgleq
≥
k' g/fj] bg cbfntdf k'g /fj]bg nfUg] 5 .
↓
!@s= ljz]if cbfnt u7g ug{ ;lsg] M bkmf !@ df h' g;' s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf (s=
cGtu{tsf] s;" / u/] df To:tf] s;" / ;DaGwL d'2fsf] sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
±
ljz] if cbfnt P] g, @)%( cGtu{ t ljz] if cbfnt u7g ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
!#= eG;f/ ;DaGwL g]kfn sfg"g nfu" ug]{ clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf
k|sflzt u/L dfn;fdfgsf] lgsf;L / k} 7f/L ;DaGwL k|rlnt g]k fn sfg" gsf ;a} jf s] xL s'/f
;f]xL ;"r gfdf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;+ z f]lwt ¿kdf xjfO{ dfu{åf/f x' g] dfn;fdfgx¿sf] lgsf;L
k}7f/Lsf ;DaGwdf klg nfu" ug{ ;S5 .
!$= s]xL gflnz ph"/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf k|ltaGw M s'g} JolQmn] hldgdfly s' g} prfO{ df s;}sf]
hfoh]yf dflyaf6 s' g} jfo'o fgsf] p8fg u/]s f] df atf;, df} ; d / c¿ kl/l:yltsf] ljrf/n]

τ
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf}yf] ;+zf] wg_ P] g, @)%# åf/f yk .
↑
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
υ
u}/ ;} lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf} yf] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)%# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
±
ljz]if cbfnt P] g, @)%( åf/f ?kfGtl/t .
≥
Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* åf/f ;+zflwt .
↓
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f yk .
15
 To:tf] h8fg ug'{ dgfl;j /x] 5 eg] o:tf] p8fg u/] sf] sf/0fn] jf To:tf] p8fgaf6 ePsf]
;fwf/0f b'3{6 gfsf] sf/0fn] dfq lghn] csf{ sf] hfoh]yfdf cgflwsf/ k| j]z u¥of] jf s;} nfO{
k|ToIf jf ck|T oIf ¿kaf6 xfgL gf]S;fgL u¥of] egL s'g} b]jfgL d'2f rNg ;Sb} g .
↓
!$s= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M bkmf (s= cGtu{tsf] d'2 fdf g] kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x' g]5 .
τ
!$v= 5'6 lbg ;Sg] M k| rlnt sfg" gdf h' g;' s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} ;}l gs xjfO{ p8fg
bnsf] ;b:otf k| fKt u/] sf] jf u} / ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fgdf ;/sf/L dfGotf k|fKt p8fg ;DaGwL
cg'e j / k| fljlws 1fg ePsf] jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf] s] sf] s' g} ljz] if k/LIff pQL0f{ ePsf] s' g}
JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghsf] k|fljlws 1fg / Ifdtfsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L xjfO{
;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwL Ohfht kq, sfo{ Ifdtfsf] :t/Ls/0f -/]l6Ë_ jf cGo k| df0fkqsf] nflu
rflxg] of]U otfx¿dWo] s] xL of]Uotfx¿df tf]lsP adf]lhd 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
τ
!$u= clwsf/ ;'DkGg ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g / o; P] g cGtu{t ag] s f lgod adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
k|fKt clwsf/ g] kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"r gf k| sflzt u/L s'g} lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln]
k|of] u ug{ kfpg] u/L ;' Dkg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd clwsf/ ;' Dkbf To:tf] clwsf/ k| o f]u ubf{ kfng ug'{ kg]{ zt{
aGb]h ;d]t tf] Sg ;Sg] 5 .
!%= \e fjgfn] u/]s f]df arfp M of] P]g cGtu{t u/] sf] egL ;DemL ;b\efjgfn] u/] sf] s' g} sfdsf]
;b\
;befjgfn]
lgldQ s' g} JolQm pk/ gflnz ph" /L nfUg jf c¿ s'g} sfg"gL sf/jfxL rNg ;Sb} g .
↑
!^= P]g nfu" gx'g] M ∗========================g]k fn ;/sf/ jf ×g]kfnL ;]gfsf] jfo' o fgsf] ;DaGwdf of]
P]g jf o; P] g cGtu{t ag] sf] lgod jf lgsflnPsf] s' g} cfb]zsf] s'g} s' /f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
bb|i6Jo M != s] xL g]kfn sfg' g ;+z f]wg ug]{ P] g, @)^# n] b]xfo zAbsf] ;§f b]xfosf] zAb /fvL
?kfGt/0f u/] sf] 5 M
Æ>L % ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ

↓
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f yk .
τ
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -rf}yf] ;+zf] wg_ P] g, @)%# åf/f yk .
↑
u}/ ;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PlePzg_ -bf] >f] ;+zf]w g_ P] g, @)#) åf/f ;+zf] lwt .
∗
s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf] wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] .
×
k|ltlglw ;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)^# åf/f g] kfnL ;] gf ePsf] .
16